---
license: apache-2.0
base_model: bert-base-uncased
tags:
- generated_from_trainer
datasets:
- squad_v2
model-index:
- name: bert-base-uncased-finetuned-squad2
  results: []
pipeline_tag: question-answering
metrics:
- exact_match
- f1
language:
- en
---

<!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->

This model is a fine-tuned version of [bert-base-uncased](https://huggingface.co/bert-base-uncased) on the squad_v2 dataset.
It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
- Loss: 1.3537

## Model description

BERTbase fine-tuned on SQuAD 2.0 : Encoder-based Transformer Language model, pretrained with Masked Language Modeling and Next Sentence Prediction.<br>
Suitable for Question-Answering tasks, predicts answer spans within the context provided.<br>

**Language model:** bert-base-uncased  
**Language:** English  
**Downstream-task:** Question-Answering  
**Training data:** Train-set SQuAD 2.0  
**Evaluation data:** Evaluation-set SQuAD 2.0   
**Hardware Accelerator used**: GPU Tesla T4

## Intended uses & limitations

For Question-Answering - 

```python
from transformers import pipeline

# Replace this with your own checkpoint
model_checkpoint = "IProject-10/bert-base-uncased-finetuned-squad2"
question_answerer = pipeline("question-answering", model=model_checkpoint)

context = """
🤗 Transformers is backed by the three most popular deep learning libraries — Jax, PyTorch and TensorFlow — with a seamless integration
between them. It's straightforward to train your models with one before loading them for inference with the other.
"""
question = "Which deep learning libraries back 🤗 Transformers?"
question_answerer(question=question, context=context)
```
## Results

Evaluation on SQuAD 2.0 validation dataset:

```
 'exact': 73.5029057525478,
 'f1': 76.79224102466394,
 'total': 11873,
 'HasAns_exact': 73.46491228070175,
 'HasAns_f1': 80.05301580395327,
 'HasAns_total': 5928,
 'NoAns_exact': 73.5407905803196,
 'NoAns_f1': 73.5407905803196,
 'NoAns_total': 5945,
 'best_exact': 73.5029057525478,
 'best_exact_thresh': 0.9997851848602295,
 'best_f1': 76.79224102466425,
 'best_f1_thresh': 0.9997851848602295,
 'total_time_in_seconds': 209.65395342100004,
 'samples_per_second': 56.63141479692573,
 'latency_in_seconds': 0.01765804374808389}
```



### Training hyperparameters

The following hyperparameters were used during training:
- learning_rate: 3e-05
- train_batch_size: 16
- eval_batch_size: 16
- seed: 42
- optimizer: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08
- lr_scheduler_type: linear
- num_epochs: 3

### Training results

| Training Loss | Epoch | Step  | Validation Loss |
|:-------------:|:-----:|:-----:|:---------------:|
| 1.0122        | 1.0   | 8235  | 1.0740          |
| 0.6805        | 2.0   | 16470 | 1.0820          |
| 0.4542        | 3.0   | 24705 | 1.3537          |


### Framework versions

- Transformers 4.31.0
- Pytorch 2.0.1+cu118
- Datasets 2.14.2
- Tokenizers 0.13.3