README.md

---
base_model: cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2
datasets: []
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:211
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: What happens if a player in possession enters the defending team's
    seven-metre zone?
  sentences:
  - 10. 8 if a touch is made in the in - goal area before the ball is grounded, the
    player in possession is to perform a rollball seven ( 7 ) metres from the team
    ’ s attacking try line, provided it is not the sixth touch and the player is not
    half. 10. 9 if a player in possession is touched while on or behind their defending
    try line, the touch counts and once the referee sets the mark seven ( 7 ) metres
    directly forward of the contact point from the defending team ’ s try line, a
    rollball is performed. 10. 10 if a player in possession intentionally makes a
    touch on an offside defender who is making every effort to retire and remain out
    of play, the touch counts. fit playing rules - 5th edition copyright © touch football
    australia 2020 9 10. 11 if a touch is made on a player in possession while the
    player is juggling the ball in an attempt to maintain control of it, the touch
    counts if the attacking player following the touch retains possession.
  - 9. 2 on the change of possession due to an intercept, the first touch will be
    zero ( 0 ) touch. 9. 3 following the sixth touch or a loss of possession due to
    any other means, the ball must be returned to the mark without delay. ruling =
    a deliberate delay in the changeover procedure will result in a penalty awarded
    to the non - offending team ten ( 10 ) metres forward of the mark for the change
    of possession. 9. 4 if the ball is dropped or passed and goes to ground during
    play, a change of possession results. ruling = the mark for the change of possession
    is where the ball makes initial contact with the ground. 9. 5 if the ball, while
    still under the control of the half, contacts the ground in the in - goal area,
    possession is lost. ruling = play will restart with a rollball at the nearest
    point on the seven ( 7 ) metre line. fit playing rules - 5th edition 8 copyright
    © touch football australia 2020 9. 6 if a player mishandles the ball and even
    if in an effort to gain control, the ball is accidentally knocked forward into
    any other player, a change of possession results.
  - fit playing rules - 5th edition copyright © touch football australia 2020 9 10.
    11 if a touch is made on a player in possession while the player is juggling the
    ball in an attempt to maintain control of it, the touch counts if the attacking
    player following the touch retains possession. 10. 12 if a player in possession
    is touched and subsequently makes contact with either the sideline, a field marker
    or the ground outside the field of play, the touch counts and play continues with
    a rollball at the mark where the touch occurred. 10. 13 when a player from the
    defending team enters its defensive seven metre zone, the defending team must
    move forward at a reasonable pace until a touch is imminent or made. ruling =
    a penalty to the attacking team at the point of the infringement. 10. 14 when
    a player in possession enters the defending teams ’ seven metre zone the defending
    team is not obliged to move forward but cannot retire back towards their try line
    until a touch is imminent or made. ruling = a penalty to the attacking team at
    the seven ( 7 ) metre line in line with the point of the infringement.
- source_sentence: What is the maximum number of touches a team can have before a
    change of possession?
  sentences:
  - touch count the progressive number of touches that each team has before a change
    of possession, from zero ( 0 ) to six ( 6 ). try the result of any attacking player,
    except the half, placing the ball on or over the team ’ s attacking try line before
    being touched. try lines the lines separating the in - goal areas from the field
    of play. see appendix 1. voluntary rollball the player in possession performs
    a rollball before a touch is made with a defending player. wing the player outside
    the link player. winner the team that scores the most tries during the match.
    fit playing rules - 5th edition 4 copyright © touch football australia 2020 rules
    of play mode of play the object of the game of touch is for each team to score
    tries and to prevent the opposition from scoring. the ball may be passed, knocked
    or handed between players of the attacking team who may in turn run or otherwise
    move with the ball in an attempt to gain territorial advantage and to score tries.
    defending players prevent the attacking team from gaining a territorial advantage
    by touching the ball carrier.
  - 4. 3. 1 identifying numbers must feature no more than two ( 2 ) digits. 4. 4 hats
    or caps are permitted to be worn during a match provided they are safe and meet
    any nta regulations. 4. 5 safe footwear must be worn with exceptions allowed for
    game variants such as beach touch. 4. 6 light leather or synthetic boots with
    soft moulded soles are permitted. 4. 6. 1 shoes with screw - in studs are not
    to be worn by any player or referee. 4. 7 players are not to participate in any
    match wearing any item of jewellery, chain, identification band / bracelet or
    similar item that may prove dangerous. any jewellery or other items that cannot
    be removed are to be taped to the satisfaction of the referee. 4. 8 long ( extend
    beyond the finger flesh when viewed from the palm ) or sharp fingernails are not
    allowed. 4. 9 referees and players may wear spectacles or sunglasses provided
    they are safe and securely attached. 4. 10 referees and players may wear sport
    monitoring equipment and medical supports such as knee or ankle braces provided,
    at the sole discretion of competition ’ s controlling body, the items are not
    dangerous.
  - a player with both feet on or behind their defending try line. pass the act of
    changing possession between individual attacking players by propelling the ball
    laterally and / or backwards and may include a flick, knock or throw. perimeter
    a border not less than five ( 5 ) metres from the boundary of the field of play.
    see appendix 1. penalty the ruling by a referee to award a tap when a player or
    team infringes the rules of the game. possession refers to the player or team
    that has control of the ball. providing other rules do not apply, the team with
    the ball is entitled to six ( 6 ) touches. referee the match official ( s ) appointed
    to make rulings during the conduct of a match. rollball the act of bringing the
    ball into play following a touch or a change of possession. ruck / rollball area
    the area, not exceeding one ( 1 ) metre in distance, between the player performing
    a rollball and the half. ruling the decision made by a referee as a result of
    particular circumstance and may result in a play on, a tap penalty, a discipline
    option, change of possession or a try. seven metre zone the area between the seven
    ( 7 ) metre line and the try line.
- source_sentence: What is the definition of 'forward' in Touch Rugby?
  sentences:
  - end of play when the referee indicates completion of the match. exclusion when
    a player is sent to the nearest sin bin area following three ( 3 ) penalties by
    the defending team upon entering their seven metre zone. the player is counted
    as a player on the field of play and cannot be replaced or interchanged. fit playing
    rules - 5th edition copyright © touch football australia 2020 1 fit federation
    of international touch field of play the playing area bounded by the sidelines
    and dead ball lines, both of which are out of bounds. see appendix 1. forced interchange
    when a player is required to undertake a compulsory interchange for an infringement
    ruled more serious than a penalty but less serious than a permanent interchange,
    sin bin or dismissal. forward a position or direction towards the dead ball line
    beyond the team ’ s attacking try line. full time the expiration of the second
    period of time allowed for play. half the player who takes possession following
    a rollball. half time the break in play between the two halves of a match. imminent
    about to occur, it is almost certain to occur. infringement the action of a player
    contrary to the rules of the game.
  - fit playing rules - 5th edition copyright © touch football australia 2020 9 10.
    11 if a touch is made on a player in possession while the player is juggling the
    ball in an attempt to maintain control of it, the touch counts if the attacking
    player following the touch retains possession. 10. 12 if a player in possession
    is touched and subsequently makes contact with either the sideline, a field marker
    or the ground outside the field of play, the touch counts and play continues with
    a rollball at the mark where the touch occurred. 10. 13 when a player from the
    defending team enters its defensive seven metre zone, the defending team must
    move forward at a reasonable pace until a touch is imminent or made. ruling =
    a penalty to the attacking team at the point of the infringement. 10. 14 when
    a player in possession enters the defending teams ’ seven metre zone the defending
    team is not obliged to move forward but cannot retire back towards their try line
    until a touch is imminent or made. ruling = a penalty to the attacking team at
    the seven ( 7 ) metre line in line with the point of the infringement.
  - 10. 8 if a touch is made in the in - goal area before the ball is grounded, the
    player in possession is to perform a rollball seven ( 7 ) metres from the team
    ’ s attacking try line, provided it is not the sixth touch and the player is not
    half. 10. 9 if a player in possession is touched while on or behind their defending
    try line, the touch counts and once the referee sets the mark seven ( 7 ) metres
    directly forward of the contact point from the defending team ’ s try line, a
    rollball is performed. 10. 10 if a player in possession intentionally makes a
    touch on an offside defender who is making every effort to retire and remain out
    of play, the touch counts. fit playing rules - 5th edition copyright © touch football
    australia 2020 9 10. 11 if a touch is made on a player in possession while the
    player is juggling the ball in an attempt to maintain control of it, the touch
    counts if the attacking player following the touch retains possession.
- source_sentence: What happens if neither team is leading at the end of the two-minute
    period of extra time?
  sentences:
  - infringement the action of a player contrary to the rules of the game. in - goal
    area the area in the field of play bounded by the sidelines, the try lines and
    the dead ball lines. there are two ( 2 ), one ( 1 ) at each end of the field of
    play. see appendix 1. interchange the act of an on - field player leaving the
    field of play to be replaced by an off - field player entering the field of play.
    interchange area a marked rectangle for each team on opposite sides of the field
    of play usually measuring 20 metres long by no more than five ( 5 ) metres wide,
    extending ten ( 10 ) metres either side of the halfway line and not less than
    one ( 1 ) metre from the sideline. it is the area in which all off - field players
    must remain until an interchange is initiated. see appendix 1. kick strike or
    propel forcibly with the foot, a blow or forceful thrust with the foot to the
    ball. a tap to commence or recommence play or a penalty tap is not defined as
    a kick. line markings markings of the field of play. see appendix 1. link the
    player beside the wing player.
  - touch count the progressive number of touches that each team has before a change
    of possession, from zero ( 0 ) to six ( 6 ). try the result of any attacking player,
    except the half, placing the ball on or over the team ’ s attacking try line before
    being touched. try lines the lines separating the in - goal areas from the field
    of play. see appendix 1. voluntary rollball the player in possession performs
    a rollball before a touch is made with a defending player. wing the player outside
    the link player. winner the team that scores the most tries during the match.
    fit playing rules - 5th edition 4 copyright © touch football australia 2020 rules
    of play mode of play the object of the game of touch is for each team to score
    tries and to prevent the opposition from scoring. the ball may be passed, knocked
    or handed between players of the attacking team who may in turn run or otherwise
    move with the ball in an attempt to gain territorial advantage and to score tries.
    defending players prevent the attacking team from gaining a territorial advantage
    by touching the ball carrier.
  - 24. 1. 2 the drop - off commences with a tap from the centre of the halfway line
    by the team that did not commence the match with possession. 24. 1. 3 the drop
    - off will commence with a two ( 2 ) minute period of extra time. 24. 1. 4 should
    a team be leading at the expiration of the two ( 2 ) minute period of extra time
    then that team will be declared the winner and match complete. 24. 1. 5 should
    neither team be leading at the expiration of two ( 2 ) minutes, a signal is given
    and the match will pause at the next touch or dead ball. each team will then remove
    another player from the field of play. 24. 1. 6 the match will recommence immediately
    after the players have left the field at the same place where it paused ( i. e.
    the team retains possession at the designated number of touches, or at change
    of possession due to some infringement or the sixth touch ) and the match will
    continue until a try is scored. 24. 1. 7 there is no time off during the drop
    - off and the clock does not stop at the two ( 2 ) minute interval.
- source_sentence: What happens if a team is leading at the end of the two-minute
    period of extra time?
  sentences:
  - 24. 1. 2 the drop - off commences with a tap from the centre of the halfway line
    by the team that did not commence the match with possession. 24. 1. 3 the drop
    - off will commence with a two ( 2 ) minute period of extra time. 24. 1. 4 should
    a team be leading at the expiration of the two ( 2 ) minute period of extra time
    then that team will be declared the winner and match complete. 24. 1. 5 should
    neither team be leading at the expiration of two ( 2 ) minutes, a signal is given
    and the match will pause at the next touch or dead ball. each team will then remove
    another player from the field of play. 24. 1. 6 the match will recommence immediately
    after the players have left the field at the same place where it paused ( i. e.
    the team retains possession at the designated number of touches, or at change
    of possession due to some infringement or the sixth touch ) and the match will
    continue until a try is scored. 24. 1. 7 there is no time off during the drop
    - off and the clock does not stop at the two ( 2 ) minute interval.
  - 7. 7 the tap to commence or recommence play must be performed without delay. ruling
    = a penalty to the non - offending team at the centre of the halfway line. 8 match
    duration 8. 1 a match is 40 minutes in duration, consisting of two ( 2 ) x 20
    minute halves with a half time break. 8. 1. 1 there is no time off for injury
    during a match. 8. 2 local competition and tournament conditions may vary the
    duration of a match. 8. 3 when time expires, play is to continue until the next
    touch or dead ball and end of play is signaled by the referee. 8. 3. 1 should
    a penalty be awarded during this period, the penalty is to be taken. 8. 4 if a
    match is abandoned in any circumstances other than those referred to in clause
    24. 1. 6 the nta or nta competition provider in its sole discretion shall determine
    the result of the match. 9 possession 9. 1 the team with the ball is entitled
    to six ( 6 ) touches prior to a change of possession. 9. 2 on the change of possession
    due to an intercept, the first touch will be zero ( 0 ) touch.
  - '12. 6 if a player from the defending team unintentionally makes contact with
    the ball in flight and the ball is retrieved by an attacking player, play and
    the touch count continues. 12. 7 a player from the attacking team cannot pass
    the ball into a defending player intentionally seeking a rebound or a restart
    of the touch count. ruling = a penalty to the defending team at the point of the
    pass. 13 the rollball 13. 1 the attacking player is to position on the mark, face
    the opponent ’ s try line, make a genuine attempt to stand parallel to the sidelines,
    place the ball on the ground between the feet in a controlled manner and : 13.
    1. 1 step forward over the ball ; or 13. 1. 2 roll the ball back between the feet
    no more than one ( 1 ) metre ; or 13. 1. 3 pass a foot over the ball. ruling =
    a change of possession to the defending team at the point of the infringement.
    13. 2 a player must perform the rollball on the mark. ruling = a penalty to the
    defending team at the point of the infringement. 13. 3 a player must not perform
    a voluntary rollball.'
---

# SentenceTransformer based on cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2](https://huggingface.co/cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2](https://huggingface.co/cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2) <!-- at revision b2cfda50a1a9fc7919e7444afbb52610d268af92 -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 384 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("Trelis/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2-2-constant-ep-MNRLpairs-2e-5-batch32-cuda-overlap")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'What happens if a team is leading at the end of the two-minute period of extra time?',
    '24. 1. 2 the drop - off commences with a tap from the centre of the halfway line by the team that did not commence the match with possession. 24. 1. 3 the drop - off will commence with a two ( 2 ) minute period of extra time. 24. 1. 4 should a team be leading at the expiration of the two ( 2 ) minute period of extra time then that team will be declared the winner and match complete. 24. 1. 5 should neither team be leading at the expiration of two ( 2 ) minutes, a signal is given and the match will pause at the next touch or dead ball. each team will then remove another player from the field of play. 24. 1. 6 the match will recommence immediately after the players have left the field at the same place where it paused ( i. e. the team retains possession at the designated number of touches, or at change of possession due to some infringement or the sixth touch ) and the match will continue until a try is scored. 24. 1. 7 there is no time off during the drop - off and the clock does not stop at the two ( 2 ) minute interval.',
    '7. 7 the tap to commence or recommence play must be performed without delay. ruling = a penalty to the non - offending team at the centre of the halfway line. 8 match duration 8. 1 a match is 40 minutes in duration, consisting of two ( 2 ) x 20 minute halves with a half time break. 8. 1. 1 there is no time off for injury during a match. 8. 2 local competition and tournament conditions may vary the duration of a match. 8. 3 when time expires, play is to continue until the next touch or dead ball and end of play is signaled by the referee. 8. 3. 1 should a penalty be awarded during this period, the penalty is to be taken. 8. 4 if a match is abandoned in any circumstances other than those referred to in clause 24. 1. 6 the nta or nta competition provider in its sole discretion shall determine the result of the match. 9 possession 9. 1 the team with the ball is entitled to six ( 6 ) touches prior to a change of possession. 9. 2 on the change of possession due to an intercept, the first touch will be zero ( 0 ) touch.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

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<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

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## Training Details

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 32
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `num_train_epochs`: 2
- `lr_scheduler_type`: constant
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.3
- `bf16`: True

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 32
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 2
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: constant
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.3
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: True
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch  | Step | Training Loss | loss   |
|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:------:|
| 0.2857 | 2    | 3.7086        | 3.1734 |
| 0.5714 | 4    | 3.4714        | 3.0742 |
| 0.8571 | 6    | 3.41          | 3.0204 |
| 1.1429 | 8    | 3.042         | 2.9657 |
| 1.4286 | 10   | 3.3335        | 2.9125 |
| 1.7143 | 12   | 3.2224        | 2.8573 |
| 2.0    | 14   | 2.9969        | 2.8300 |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.42.3
- PyTorch: 2.1.1+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.31.0
- Datasets: 2.17.1
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, 
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

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