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README.md
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---
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License: cc0-1.0
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language:
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- en
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pretty_name: BioTrove
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task_categories:
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- image-classification
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- zero-shot-classification
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tags:
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- biology
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- image
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- animals
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- species
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- taxonomy
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- rare species
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- endangered species
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- evolutionary biology
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- balanced
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- CV
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- multimodal
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- CLIP
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- knowledge-guided
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size_categories: 100M<n<1B
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---
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# BioTrove: A Large Curated Image Dataset Enabling AI for Biodiversity
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<!-- Banner links -->
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<div style="text-align:center;">
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<a href="https://baskargroup.github.io/BioTrove/ target="_blank">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Project%20Page-Visit-blue" alt="Project Page" style="margin-right:10px;">
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</a>
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<a href="https://github.com/baskargroup/BioTrove" target="_blank">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-Visit-lightgrey" alt="GitHub" style="margin-right:10px;">
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</a>
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<a href="https://pypi.org/project/arbor-process/" target="_blank">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/PyPI-arbor--process%200.1.0-orange" alt="PyPI biotrove-process 0.1.0">
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</a>
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</div>
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## Description
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[BioTrove](https://baskargroup.github.io/BioTrove/) comprises well-processed metadata with full taxa information and URLs pointing to image files. The metadata can be used to filter specific categories, visualize data distribution, and manage imbalance effectively. We provide a collection of software tools that enable users to easily download, access, and manipulate the dataset.
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## BioTrove Dataset
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`BioTrove` comprises over `161.9M` images across several taxonomic groups- including Reptilia (reptiles), Plantae (plants), Mollusca (mollusks), Mammalia (mammals), Insecta (insects), Fungi (fungi), Aves (birds), Arachnida (arachnids), Animalia (animals), Amphibia (amphibians), and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish).
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These taxonomic groups were chosen to represent the span of species β outside of charismatic megafauna. The images in BioTrove span `366.6K`species.
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Overall, this dataset nearly matches the state-of-the-art curated dataset (TREEOFLIFE-10M) in terms of species diversity, while comfortably exceeding it in terms of scale by a factor of nearly 16.2 times.
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## New Benchmark Datasets
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We created three new benchmark datasets for fine-grained image classification. In addition, we provide a new benchmark dataset for species recognition across various developmental Life-stages.
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### BioTrove-Balanced
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For balanced species distribution across the 7 categories, we curated `BioTrove-Balanced`. Each category includes up to 500 species, with 50 images per species.
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### BioTrove-Unseen
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To provide a robust benchmark for evaluating the generalization capability of models on unseen species, we curated `BioTrove-Unseen`. The test dataset was constructed by identifying species with fewer than 30 instances in BioTrove, ensuring that the dataset contains species that were unseen by BioTrove-CLIP. Each species contained 10 images.
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### BioTrove-LifeStages
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To assess the modelβs ability to recognize species across various developmental stages, we curated `BioTrove-LifeStages`. This dataset has 20 labels in total and focuses on insects, since these species often exhibit significant visual differences across their lifespan. BioTrove-LifeStages contains five insect species and utilized the observation export feature on the iNaturalist platform to collect data from 2/1/2024 to 5/20/2024 to ensure no overlap with the training dataset. For each species, life stage filters (egg, larva, pupa, or adult) were applied.
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## Dataset Information
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- **Full Taxa Information**: Detailed metadata, including taxonomic hierarchy and image URLs.
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- **Comprehensive Metadata**: Enables filtering, visualization, and effective management of data imbalance.
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- **Software Tools**: Collection of tools for easy dataset access, download, and manipulation.
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- **Balanced Species Distribution**: Up to 500 species per category with 50 images per species.
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- **Unseen Species Benchmark**: Includes species with fewer than 30 instances to evaluate generalization capability.
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- **Life Stages Dataset**: Focuses on insects across various developmental stages.
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## BioTrove-CLIP Models
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**See the [BioTrove-CLIP](https://huggingface.co/BGLab/BioTrove-CLIP) model card on HuggingFace to download the trained model checkpoints**
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We released three trained model checkpoints in the [BioTrove-CLIP](https://huggingface.co/BGLab/BioTrove-CLIP) model card on HuggingFace. These CLIP-style models were trained on [BioTrove-40M](https://baskargroup.github.io/BioTrove/) for the following configurations:
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- **BioTrove-CLIP-O:** Trained a ViT-B/16 backbone initialized from the [OpenCLIP's](https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip) checkpoint. The training was conducted for 40 epochs.
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- **BioTrove-CLIP-B:** Trained a ViT-B/16 backbone initialized from the [BioCLIP's](https://github.com/Imageomics/BioCLIP) checkpoint. The training was conducted for 8 epochs.
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- **BioTrove-CLIP-M:** Trained a ViT-L/14 backbone initialized from the [MetaCLIP's](https://github.com/facebookresearch/MetaCLIP) checkpoint. The training was conducted for 12 epochs.
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## Usage
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**To start using the BioTrove dataset, follow the instructions provided in the [GitHub](https://github.com/baskargroup/BioTrove). Model checkpoints are shared in the [model_ckpt](#directory) directory.**
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**Metadata files are included in the [Directory](#directory). Please download the metadata from the [Directory](#directory)** and pre-process the data using the [arbor_process](https://pypi.org/project/arbor-process/) PyPI library. The instructions to use the library can be found in [here](https://github.com/baskargroup/BioTrove/blob/main/Arbor-preprocess/README_arbor_process.md). The Readme file contains the detailed description of data preparation steps.
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### Directory
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```plaintext
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main/
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βββ BioTrove/
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β βββ chunk_0.csv
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β βββ chunk_0.parquet
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β βββ chunk_1.parquet
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β βββ .
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β βββ .
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β βββ .
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β βββ chunk_2691.parquet
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βββ BioTrove-benchmark/
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β βββ BioTrove-Balanced.csv
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β βββ BioTrove-Balanced.parquet
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β βββ BioTrove-Lifestages.csv
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β βββ BioTrove-Lifestages.parquet
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β βββ BioTrove-Unseen.csv
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β βββBioTrove-Unseen.parquet
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βββREADME.md
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βββ.gitignore
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```
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### Acknowledgements
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This work was supported by the AI Research Institutes program supported by the NSF and USDA-NIFA under [AI Institute: for Resilient Agriculture](https://aiira.iastate.edu/), Award No. 2021-67021-35329. This was also
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partly supported by the NSF under CPS Frontier grant CNS-1954556. Also, we gratefully
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acknowledge the support of NYU IT [High Performance Computing](https://www.nyu.edu/life/information-technology/research-computing-services/high-performance-computing.html) resources, services, and staff
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expertise.
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<!--BibTex citation -->
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<section class="section" id="BibTeX">
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<div class="container is-max-widescreen content">
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<h2 class="title">Citation</h2>
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If you find this dataset useful in your research, please consider citing our paper:
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<pre><code>@misc{yang2024BioTrovelargemultimodaldataset,
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title={BioTrove: A Large Multimodal Dataset Enabling AI for Biodiversity},
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author={Chih-Hsuan Yang, Benjamin Feuer, Zaki Jubery, Zi K. Deng, Andre Nakkab,
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Md Zahid Hasan, Shivani Chiranjeevi, Kelly Marshall, Nirmal Baishnab, Asheesh K Singh,
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Arti Singh, Soumik Sarkar, Nirav Merchant, Chinmay Hegde, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian},
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year={2024},
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eprint={2406.17720},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CV},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.17720},
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}</code></pre>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!--End BibTex citation -->
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---
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For more details and access to the dataset, please visit the [Project Page](https://baskargroup.github.io/BioTrove/).
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