{"en":"Never have we seen, in the past 50 years, such a sharp decline of ecosystem functions and services on the planet, one of them being the ability to regulate climate on the long term, in our forests, land and biodiversity.\n","vi":"Ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y, trong 50 n\u0103m qua, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh, m\u1ed9t trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.\n"}
{"en":"The forth pressure is surprise, the notion and the evidence that we need to abandon our old paradigm, that ecosystems behave linearly, predictably, controllably in our -- so to say -- linear systems, and that in fact, surprise is universal, as systems tip over very rapidly, abruptly and often irreversibly.\n","vi":"\u00c1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ta, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ec3n, khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh, \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.\n"}
{"en":"This, dear friends, poses a human pressure on the planet of momentous scale.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.\n"}
{"en":"We may, in fact, have entered a new geological era -- the Anthropocene, where humans are the predominant driver of change at a planetary level.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Anthropocen, khi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh tinh.\n"}
{"en":"Now, as a scientist, what's the evidence for this?\n","vi":"B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\n"}
{"en":"Well, the evidence is, unfortunately, ample.\n","vi":"Ch\u00e0, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.\n"}
{"en":"It's not only carbon dioxide that has this hockey stick pattern of accelerated change.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 CO2 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n.\n"}
{"en":"You can take virtually any parameter that matters for human well - being -- nitrous oxide, methane, deforestation, overfishing land degredation, loss of species -- they all show the same pattern over the past 200 years.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 nito oxit (N20), kh\u00ed m\u00ea - tan, n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i - - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong su\u1ed1t 200 n\u0103m qua.\n"}
{"en":"Simultaneously, they branch off in the mid-50s, 10 years after the Second World War, showing very clearly that the great acceleration of the human enterprise starts in the mid-50s.\n","vi":"\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang t\u00e1ch ra v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50, 10 n\u0103m sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50.\n"}
{"en":"You see, for the first time, an imprint on the global level.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\n"}
{"en":"And I can tell you, you enter the disciplinary research in each of these, you find something remarkably important, the conclusion that we may have come to the point where we have to bend the curves, that we may have entered the most challenging and exciting decade in the history humanity on the planet, the decade when we have to bend the curves.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, khi b\u1ea1n tham gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong, C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t, th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh, th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong.\n"}
{"en":"Now, as if this was not enough -- to just bend the curves and understanding the accelerated pressure on the planet -- we also have to recognize the fact that systems do have multiple stable states, separated by thresholds -- illustrated here by this ball and cup diagram, where the depth of the cup is the resilience of the system.\n","vi":"B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ho\u1ea1 b\u1edfi qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed1c n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1c l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.\n"}
{"en":"Now, the system may gradually -- under pressure of climate change, erosion, biodiversity loss -- lose the depth of the cup, the resilience, but appear to be healthy and appear to suddenly, under a threshold, be tipping over.\n","vi":"B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n - d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, m\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh th\u00e1i - m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u hay l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u1ecb l\u1ed9n nh\u00e0o.\n"}
{"en":"Changing state and literally ending up in an undesired situation, where new biophysical logic takes over, new species take over, and the system gets locked.\n","vi":"Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111en trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i m\u1edbi s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"Do we have evidence of this?\n","vi":"Li\u1ec7u ta c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?\n"}
{"en":"Yes, coral reef systems.\n","vi":"C\u00f3, c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4.\n"}
{"en":"Biodiverse, low - nutrient, hard coral systems under multiple pressures of overfishing, unsustainable tourism, climate change.\n","vi":"\u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.\n"}
{"en":"A trigger and the system tips over, loses its resilience, soft corals take over, and we get undesired systems that can not support economic and social development.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t n\u00fat b\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i san h\u00f4 m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\n"}
{"en":"The Arctic -- a beautiful system -- a regulating biome at the planetary level, taking the knock after knock on climate change, appearing to be in a good state.\n","vi":"B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c - m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p - m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n x\u00e3 sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh tinh, ch\u1ecbu c\u00fa \u0111\u1eadp li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed1t.\n"}
{"en":"No scientist could predict that in 2007, suddenly, what could be crossing a threshold.\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o 2007, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.\n"}
{"en":"The system suddenly, very surprisingly, loses 30 to 40 percent of its summer ice cover.\n","vi":"H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t m\u1ea5t \u0111i 30 - 40% l\u1edbp b\u0103ng ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8.\n"}
{"en":"And the drama is, of course, that when the system does this, the logic may change.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 khi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, logic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\n"}
{"en":"It may get locked in an undesired state, because it changes color, absorbs more energy, and the system may get stuck.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb kho\u00e1 l\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00ec n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t.\n"}
{"en":"In my mind, the largest red flag warning for humanity that we are in a precarious situation.\n","vi":"Trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 l\u00e1 c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh.\n"}
{"en":"As a sideline, you know that the only red flag that popped up here was a submarine from an unnamed country that planted a red flag at the bottom of the Arctic to be able to control the oil resources.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf duy nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eafm l\u00e1 c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1ea7u.\n"}
{"en":"Now, if we have evidence, which we now have, that wetlands, forests, [unclear] monsoon system, the rainforests, behave in this nonlinear way.\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ki\u1ec3u phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"30 or so scientists around the world gathered and asked a question for the first time, \"Do we have to put the planet into the the pot?\"\n","vi":"30 ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \"Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?\"\n"}
{"en":"So we have to ask ourselves: are we threatening this extraordinarily stable Holocene state?\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh: c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ta \u0111ang \u0111e do\u1ea1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Holocen c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y?\n"}
{"en":"Are we in fact putting ourselves in a situation where we're coming too close to thresholds that could lead to deleterious and very undesired, if now catastrophic, change for human development?\n","vi":"C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ta \u0111ang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ta ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i, n\u1ebfu gi\u1edd th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 x\u1ea3y ra, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi?\n"}
{"en":"You know, you do n't want to stand there.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3,\n"}
{"en":"In fact, you're not even allowed to stand where this gentleman is standing, at the foaming, slippery waters at the threshold.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 qu\u00fd \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng, v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt, tr\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ngay b\u1edd v\u1ef1c \u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"In fact, there's a fence quite upstream of this threshold, beyond which you are in a danger zone.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng b\u1edd v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u1edf trong v\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m.\n"}
{"en":"And this is the new paradigm, which we gathered two, three years back, recognizing that our old paradigm of just analyzing and pushing and predicting parameters into the future, aiming at minimalizing environmental impacts, is of the past.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p trong 2 - 3 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.\n"}
{"en":"Now we to ask ourselves: which are the large environmental processes that we have to be stewards of to keep ourselves safe in the Holocene?\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh: nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ch\u00fang ta an to\u00e0n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Holocen?\n"}
{"en":"And could we even, thanks to major advancements in Earth systems science, identify the thresholds, the points where we may expect nonlinear change?\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ta th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn trong Khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh?\n"}
{"en":"And could we even define a planetary boundary, a fence, within which we then have a safe operating space for humanity?\n","vi":"V\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn, trong \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian an to\u00e0n cho to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"This work, which was published in \"Nature,\" late 2009, after a number of years of analysis, led to the final proposition that we can only find nine planetary boundaries with which, under active stewardship, would allow ourselves to have a safe operating space.\n","vi":"Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \"Nature\" cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2009, sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1eb1ng ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00edn ranh gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tinh m\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian an to\u00e0n\n"}
{"en":"These include, of course, climate.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.\n"}
{"en":"It may surprise you that it's not only climate.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.\n"}
{"en":"But it shows that we are interconnected, among many systems on the planet, with the three big systems, climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion and ocean acidification being the three big systems, where the scientific evidence of large - scale thresholds in the paleo - record of the history of the planet.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111ang li\u00ean k\u1ebft, gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh, v\u1edbi ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn, bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7ng ozon v\u00e0 axit ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn trong k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e0nh tinh.\n"}
{"en":"But we also include, what we call, the slow variables, the systems that, under the hood, regulate and buffer the capacity of the resilience of the planet -- the interference of the big nitrogen and phosphorus cycles on the planet, land use change, rate of biodiversity loss, freshwater use, functions which regulate biomass on the planet, carbon sequestration, diversity.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1eadm, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0, d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec7m cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 nito v\u00e0 photpho quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh th\u00e1i, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh sinh kh\u1ed1i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp carbon, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.\n"}
{"en":"And then we have two parameters which we were not able to quantify -- air pollution, including warming gases and air-polluting sulfates and nitrates, but also chemical pollution.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 hai tham s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u00f4 nghi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, sunfat v\u00e0 nitrat, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc.\n"}
{"en":"Together, these form an integrated whole for guiding human development in the Anthropocene, understanding that the planet is a complex self - regulating system.\n","vi":"C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong Th\u1ebf Anthropocen, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.\n"}
{"en":"In fact, most evidence indicates that these nine may behave as three Musketeers, \"One for all.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng 9 ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 3 ch\u00e0ng l\u00ednh ng\u1ef1 l\u00e2m \"M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.\n"}
{"en":"All for one. \"\n","vi":"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \"\n"}
{"en":"You degrade forests, you go beyond the boundary on land, you undermine the ability of the climate system to stay stable.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n"}
{"en":"The drama here is, in fact, that it may show that the climate challenge is the easy one, if you consider the whole challenge of sustainable development.\n","vi":"Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\n"}
{"en":"Now this is the Big Bang equivalent then of human development within the safe operating space of the planetary boundaries.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 V\u1ee5 N\u1ed5 L\u1edbn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong kh\u00f4ng gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tinh,\n"}
{"en":"What you see here in black line is the safe operating space, the quantified boundaries, as suggested by this analysis.\n","vi":"Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb \u0111en l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t.\n"}
{"en":"The yellow dot in the middle here is our starting point, the pre-industrial point, where we're very safely in the safe operating space.\n","vi":"Ch\u1ea5m v\u00e0ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1, n\u01a1i ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn an to\u00e0n trong kh\u00f4ng gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\n"}
{"en":"In the '50s, we start branching out.\n","vi":"Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50, ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh\n"}
{"en":"In the '60s already, through the green revolution and the Haber - Bosch process of fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere -- you know, human's today take out more nitrogen from the atmosphere than the whole biosphere does naturally as a whole.\n","vi":"Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, th\u00f4ng qua cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xanh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh Haber - Bosch v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nit\u01a1 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u nit\u01a1 t\u1eeb b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n h\u01a1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 sinh quy\u1ec3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\n"}
{"en":"We do n't transgress the climate boundary until the early '90s, actually, right after Rio.\n","vi":"Ta kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ngay sau Rio.\n"}
{"en":"And today, we are in a situation where we estimate that we've transgressed three boundaries, the rate of biodiversity loss, which is the sixth extinction period in the history of humanity -- one of them being the extinctions of the dinosaurs -- nitrogen and climate change.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, ta \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua 3 ranh gi\u1edbi, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng th\u1ee9 6 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng long, nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.\n"}
{"en":"But we still have some degrees of freedom on the others, but we are approaching fast on land, water, phosphorus and oceans.\n","vi":"D\u00f9 v\u1eady ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u00edt m\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng ta \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn nhanh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, n\u01b0\u1edbc, photpho v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng\n"}
{"en":"But this gives a new paradigm to guide humanity, to put the light on our, so far overpowered industrial vehicle, which operates as if we're only on a dark, straight highway.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, xa h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00ecnh ta tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c th\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m.\n"}
{"en":"Now the question then is: how gloomy is this?\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: N\u00f3 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\n"}
{"en":"Is then sustainable development utopia?\n","vi":"Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng?\n"}
{"en":"Well, there's no science to suggest.\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t.\n"}
{"en":"In fact, there is ample science to indicate that we can do this transformative change, that we have the ability to now move into a new innovative, a transformative gear, across scales.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi.\n"}
{"en":"The drama is, of course, is that 200 countries on this planet have to simultaneously start moving in the same direction.\n","vi":"Th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 l\u00e0, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, r\u1eb1ng 200 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u di chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng.\n"}
{"en":"But it changes fundamentally our governance and management paradigm, from the current linear, command and control thinking, looking at efficiencies and optimization towards a much more flexible, a much more adaptive approach, where we recognize that redundancy, both in social and environmental systems, is key to be able to deal with a turbulent era of global change.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t suy ngh\u0129, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00edch \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, c\u1ea3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\n"}
{"en":"We have to invest in persistence, in the ability of social systems and ecological systems to withstand shocks and still remain in that desired cup.\n","vi":"Ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi c\u00fa s\u1ed1c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1i \"c\u1ed1c\" nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n\n"}
{"en":"We have to invest in transformations capability, moving from crisis into innovation and the ability to rise after a crisis, and of course to adapt to unavoidable change.\n","vi":"Ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ef1c d\u1eady h\u1eadu kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.\n"}
{"en":"This is a new paradigm.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi,\n"}
{"en":"We're not doing that at any scale on governance.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy m\u00f4 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o.\n"}
{"en":"But is it happening anywhere?\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i?\n"}
{"en":"Do we have any examples of success on this mind shift being applied at the local level?\n","vi":"Li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan ni\u1ec7m \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng?\n"}
{"en":"Well, yes, in fact we do and the list can start becoming longer and longer.\n","vi":"C\u00f3, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"There's good news here, for example, from Latin America, where plow - based farming systems of the '50s and' 60s led farming basically to a dead - end, with lower and lower yields, degrading the organic matter and fundamental problems at the livelihood levels in Paraguay, Uruguay and a number of countries, Brazil, leading to innovation and entrepreneurship among farmers in partnership with scientists into an agricultural revolution of zero tillage systems combined with mulch farming with locally adapted technologies, which today, for example, in some countries, have led to a tremendous increase in area under mulch, zero till farming which, not only produces more food, but also sequesters carbon.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 tin t\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 Latinh n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng canh t\u00e1c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e0y b\u1eeba \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 v\u00e0 60 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf sinh nhai \u1edf Paraguay, Uruguay v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Brazil, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e0y b\u1eeba k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e0y b\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 cacbon.\n"}
{"en":"The Australian Great Barrier Reef is another success story.\n","vi":"R\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 Great Barrier c\u1ee7a \u00dac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.\n"}
{"en":"Under the realization from tourist operators, fishermen, the Australian Great Barrier Reef Authority and scientists that the Great Barrier Reef is doomed under the current governance regime.\n","vi":"D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c du l\u1ecbch, ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n, C\u01a1 quan R\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 Great Barrier c\u1ee7a \u00dac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"Global change, beautification rack culture, overfishing and unsustainable tourism, all together placing this system in the realization of crisis.\n","vi":"S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1eaft qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng.\n"}
{"en":"But the window of opportunity was innovation and new mindset, which today has led to a completely new governance strategy to build resilience, acknowledge redundancy and invest in the whole system as an integrated whole, and then allow for much more redundancy in the system.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi, hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 h\u01a1n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.\n"}
{"en":"Sweden, the country I come from, has other examples, where wetlands in southern Sweden were seen as -- as in many countries -- as flood - prone polluted nuisance in the peri-urban regions.\n","vi":"Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi, nh\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m do l\u0169 l\u1ee5t \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven \u0111\u00f4.\n"}
{"en":"But again, a crisis, new partnerships, actors locally, transforming these into a key component of sustainable urban planning.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c m\u1edbi, t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\n"}
{"en":"So crisis leading into opportunities.\n","vi":"V\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111em t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i.\n"}
{"en":"Well, the future, of course, has one massive challenge, which is feeding a world of nine billion people.\n","vi":"T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 9 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\n"}
{"en":"We need nothing less than a new green revolution, and the planet boundaries shows that agriculture has to go from a source of greenhouse gases to a sink.\n","vi":"Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xanh m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tinh cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh sang m\u1ed9t v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y.\n"}
{"en":"It has to basically do this on current land.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"We can not expand anymore, because it erodes the planetary boundaries.\n","vi":"Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam n\u1eefa, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi.\n"}
{"en":"We can not continue consuming water as we do today, with 25 percent of world rivers not even reaching the ocean.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi 25% c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.\n"}
{"en":"And we need a transformation.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\n"}
{"en":"Well, interestingly, and based on my work and others in Africa, for example, we've shown that even the most vulnerable small - scale rainfall farming systems, with innovations and supplementary irrigation to bridge dry spells and droughts, sustainable sanitation systems to close the loop on nutrients from toilets back to farmers' fields, and innovations in tillage systems, we can triple, quadruple, yield levels on current land.\n","vi":"Th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ef7 canh quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ed5 sung kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee3t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng canh t\u00e1c, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba, g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"Elinor Ostrom, the latest Nobel laureate of economics, clearly shows empirically across the world that we can govern the commons if we invest in trust, local, action - based partnerships and cross - scale institutional innovations, where local actors, together, can deal with the global commons at a large scale.\n","vi":"Elinor Ostrom, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e9o c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f9ng nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.\n"}
{"en":"But even on the hard policy area we have innovations.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng ngay v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi,\n"}
{"en":"We know that we have to move from our fossil dependence very quickly into a low - carbon economy in record time.\n","vi":"Ta bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u00edt cacbon trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c.\n"}
{"en":"And what shall we do?\n","vi":"V\u1eady ta n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\n"}
{"en":"Everybody talks about carbon taxes -- it wo n't work -- emission schemes, but for example, one policy measure, feed - in tariffs on the energy system, which is already applied, from China doing it on offshore wind systems, all the way to the U.S.\n","vi":"M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf cacbon, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0, m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o,\n"}
{"en":"You get people out of poverty.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o.\n"}
{"en":"You solve the climate issue with regards to the energy sector, while at the same time, stimulating innovation -- examples of things that can be out scaled quickly at the planetary level.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi - - c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh tinh.\n"}
{"en":"So there is -- no doubt -- opportunity here, and we can list many, many examples of transformative opportunities around the planet.\n","vi":"V\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra nhi\u1ec1u, nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh.\n"}
{"en":"The key though in all of these, the red thread, is the shift in mindset, moving away from a situation where we simply are pushing ourselves into a dark future, where we instead backcast our future, and we say, \"What is the playing field on the planet?\n","vi":"M\u1eb7c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong suy ngh\u0129, r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ta \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi \"S\u00e2n ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\"\n"}
{"en":"What are the planetary boundaries within which we can safely operate? \"\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tinh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n? \"\n"}
{"en":"and then backtrack innovations within that.\n","vi":"r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"But of course, the drama is, it clearly shows that incremental change is not an option.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i gia t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.\n"}
{"en":"So, there is scientific evidence.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc.\n"}
{"en":"They sort of say the harsh news, that we are facing the largest transformative development since the industrialization.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang b\u00e1o nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c gay g\u1eaft r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1.\n"}
{"en":"In fact, what we have to do over the next 40 years is much more dramatic and more exciting than what we did when we moved into the situation we're in today.\n","vi":"Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m trong 40 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f2n k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n nay.\n"}
{"en":"Now, science indicates that, yes, we can achieve a prosperous future within the safe operating space, if we move simultaneously, collaborating on a global level, from local to global scale, in transformative options, which build resilience on a finite planet.\n","vi":"Khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian an to\u00e0n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"I would like to start my talk with actually two questions, and the first one is: How many people here actually eat pig meat?\n","vi":"T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0: C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0103n th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n n\u00e0o?\n"}
{"en":"Please raise your hand -- oh, that's a lot.\n","vi":"Xin h\u00e3y gi\u01a1 tay l\u00ean, \u1ed3, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"And how many people have actually seen a live pig producing this meat?\n","vi":"V\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n s\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra th\u1ecbt?\n"}
{"en":"In the Netherlands -- where I come from -- you actually never see a pig, which is really strange, because, on a population of 16 million people, we have 12 million pigs.\n","vi":"\u1ede H\u00e0 Lan, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, th\u1eadt ra anh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ea1, v\u00ec, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 16 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 12 tri\u1ec7u ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n.\n"}
{"en":"And well, of course, the Dutch ca n't eat all these pigs.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 v\u00e2ng, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan kh\u00f4ng \u0103n h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3n n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i.\n"}
{"en":"They eat about one - third, and the rest is exported to all kinds of countries in Europe and the rest of the world.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd \u0103n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i mang \u0111i xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\n"}
{"en":"A lot goes to the U.K., Germany.\n","vi":"R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang sang Anh, \u0110\u1ee9c.\n"}
{"en":"And what I was curious about -- because historically, the whole pig would be used up until the last bit so nothing would be wasted -- and I was curious to find out if this was actually still the case.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 - - b\u1edfi v\u00ec, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi m\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u1ea3... v\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t t\u00f2 m\u00f2 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 v\u1eabn v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng.\n"}
{"en":"And I spent about three years researching.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng ba n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.\n"}
{"en":"And I followed this one pig with number \"05049,\" all the way up until the end and to what products it's made of.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 t\u00f4i theo d\u00f5i ch\u00fa heo n\u00e0y m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 \"05049\" \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn h\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.\n"}
{"en":"And in these years, I met all kinds people like, for instance, farmers and butchers, which seems logical.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3, nghe c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 c\u00f3 l\u00ed.\n"}
{"en":"But I also met aluminum mold makers, ammunition producers and all kinds of people.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n nh\u00f4m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"And what was striking to me is that the farmers actually had no clue what was made of their pigs, but the consumers -- as in us -- had also no idea of the pigs being in all these products.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 - - \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta - - c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"So what I did is, I took all this research and I made it into a -- well, basically it's a product catalog of this one pig, and it carries a duplicate of his ear tag on the back.\n","vi":"V\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, t\u00f4i thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh - \u1ed3, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t catal\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n t\u00ean ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n \u0111eo tr\u00ean tai \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau.\n"}
{"en":"And it consists of seven chapters -- the chapters are skin, bones, meat, internal organs, blood, fat and miscellaneous.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea3y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 da, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ecbt, n\u1ed9i tang, m\u00e1u, m\u1ee1, v\u00e0 linh tinh.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) In total, they weigh 103.7 kilograms.\n","vi":"(Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi) T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang n\u1eb7ng 103.7 kil\u00f4gam.\n"}
{"en":"And to show you how often you actually meet part of this pig in a regular day, I want to show you some images of the book.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n xem v\u00e0i b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch.\n"}
{"en":"You probably start the day with a shower.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eafm v\u00f2i hoa sen.\n"}
{"en":"So, in soap, fatty acids made from boiling pork bone fat are used as a hardening agent, but also for giving it a pearl - like effect.\n","vi":"S\u1ef1 l\u00e0, trong x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, axit b\u00e9o l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un s\u00f4i m\u1ee1 trong x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdc trai.\n"}
{"en":"Then if you look around you in the bathroom, you see lots more products like shampoo, conditioner, anti-wrinkle cream, body lotion, but also toothpaste.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn quanh ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u g\u1ed9i, d\u1ea7u x\u1ea3, kem ch\u1ed1ng nh\u0103n, s\u1eefa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 kem \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng.\n"}
{"en":"Then, so, before breakfast, you've already met the pig so many times.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i.\n"}
{"en":"Then, at breakfast, the pig that I followed, the hairs off the pig or proteins from the hairs off the pig were used as an improver of dough.\n","vi":"R\u1ed3i, trong b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng, ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n theo ti\u1ebfp, l\u00f4ng l\u1ee3n, hay l\u00e0 pr\u00f4 - t\u00ea - in l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u1ed1i b\u1ed9t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) Well, that's what the producer says: it's \"improving the dough, of course.\"\n","vi":"(Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi) \u1ed2, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f3i: \"l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\", b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean.\n"}
{"en":"In low - fat butter, or actually in many low - fat products, when you take the fat out, you actually take the taste and the texture out.\n","vi":"Trong b\u01a1 \u00edt b\u00e9o, hay th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u00edt b\u00e9o, khi b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o \u0111i, th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111i m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i.\n"}
{"en":"So what they do is they put gelatin back in, in order to retain the texture.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u00e0 cho gelatin tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.\n"}
{"en":"Well, when you're off to work, under the road or under the buildings that you see, there might very well be cellular concrete, which is a very light kind of concrete that's actually got proteins from bones inside and it's also fully reusable.\n","vi":"\u1ed2, khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i l\u00e0m, d\u01b0\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hay l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u1ed7 ch\u1ed7, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a pr\u00f4 - t\u00ea - in t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\n"}
{"en":"In the train brakes -- at least in the German train brakes -- there's this part of the brake that's made of bone ash.\n","vi":"Trong phanh t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 trong phanh t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb tro x\u01b0\u01a1ng.\n"}
{"en":"And in cheesecake and all kinds of desserts, like chocolate mousse, tiramisu, vanilla pudding, everything that's cooled in the supermarket, there's gelatin to make it look good.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 trong b\u00e1nh pho m\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 mousse s\u00f4 - c\u00f4 - la, tiramisu, p\u00fat - \u0111inh va - ni, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh trong si\u00eau th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gelatin \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng b\u1eaft m\u1eaft h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"Fine bone china -- this is a real classic.\n","vi":"X\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn trong \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ee9 - - c\u00e1i n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"Of course, the bone in fine - bone china gives it its translucency and also its strength, in order to make these really fine shapes, like this deer.\n","vi":"D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5n m\u1ecbn trong s\u1ee9 cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 th\u1eadt tinh x\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa h\u01b0\u01a1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y.\n"}
{"en":"In interior decorating, the pig's actually quite there.\n","vi":"Trong trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 ch\u00fa heo c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"It's used in paint for the texture, but also for the glossiness.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng.\n"}
{"en":"In sandpaper, bone glue is actually the glue between the sand and the paper.\n","vi":"Trong gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m, h\u1ed3 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00ednh c\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"And then in paintbrushes, hairs are used because, apparently, they're very suitable for making paintbrushes because of their hard - wearing nature.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i trong c\u1ecd v\u1ebd, l\u00f4ng l\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ecd v\u1ebd ch\u1ed5i s\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n.\n"}
{"en":"I was not planning on showing you any meat because, of course, half the book's meat and you probably all know what meats they are.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n xem th\u1ecbt, v\u00ec, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, n\u1eeda quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecbt g\u00ec r\u1ed3i.\n"}
{"en":"But I did n't want you to miss out on this one, because this, well, it's called \"portion - controlled meat cuts.\"\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3, \u1ed3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \"mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n.\"\n"}
{"en":"And this is actually sold in the frozen area of the supermarket.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n trong gian \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a si\u00eau th\u1ecb.\n"}
{"en":"And what it is -- it's actually steak.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y.. th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt b\u00edt t\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"So, this is sold as cow, but what happens when you slaughter a cow -- at least in industrial factory farming -- they have all these little bits of steak left that they ca n't actually sell as steak, so what they do is they glue them all together with fibrin from pig blood into this really large sausage, then freeze the sausage, cut it in little slices and sell those as steak again.\n","vi":"S\u1ef1 l\u00e0, n\u00f3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u00f2, nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m th\u1ecbt m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 th\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra - - \u00edt ra l\u00e0 trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p - - h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh th\u1ecbt v\u1ee5n nho nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111em b\u00e1n nh\u01b0 mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt t\u1eed t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eady n\u00ean h\u1ecd d\u00ednh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng fibrin (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i pr\u00f4 - t\u00ea - in) trong m\u00e1u l\u1ee3n th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfc x\u00fac x\u00edch to th\u1eadt to n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfc x\u00fac x\u00edch \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1, c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh l\u00e1t nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u00e1n nh\u1eefng l\u00e1t \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt.\n"}
{"en":"And this also actually happens with tuna and scallops.\n","vi":"Qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb v\u00e0 s\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7p.\n"}
{"en":"So, with the steak, you might drink a beer.\n","vi":"R\u1ed3i, khi \u0103n mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1c bia.\n"}
{"en":"In the brewing process, there's lots of cloudy elements in the beer, so to get rid of these cloudy elements, what some companies do is they pour the beer through a sort of gelatin sieve in order to get rid of that cloudiness.\n","vi":"Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee5c trong bia. \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed nh\u1eefng v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ed5 bia qua m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng gelatin \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c.\n"}
{"en":"This actually also goes for wine as well as fruit juice.\n","vi":"Qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u hay n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p hoa qu\u1ea3.\n"}
{"en":"There's actually a company in Greece that produces these cigarettes that actually contain hemoglobin from pigs in the filter.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a h\u00ea - m\u00f4 - gl\u00f4 - bin t\u1eeb l\u1ee3n trong \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecdc.\n"}
{"en":"And according to them, this creates an artificial lung in the filter.\n","vi":"Theo l\u1eddi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o trong \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecdc.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) So, this is actually a healthier cigarette.\n","vi":"(Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi) Cho n\u00ean, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) Injectable collagen -- or, since the '70s, collagen from pigs -- has been used for injecting into wrinkles.\n","vi":"(Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi) Ch\u1ea5t collagen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c - - hay, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70, collagen l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb l\u1ee3n - - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam v\u00e0o n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n.\n"}
{"en":"And the reason for this is that pigs are actually quite close to human beings, so the collagen is as well.\n","vi":"L\u00ed do l\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ee3n kh\u00e1 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean collagen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng v\u1eady.\n"}
{"en":"Well, this must be the strangest thing I found.\n","vi":"\u1ed2, \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u00ec l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ra.\n"}
{"en":"This is a bullet coming from a very large ammunition company in the United States.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u1edf Hoa K\u00ec.\n"}
{"en":"And while I was making the book, I contacted all the producers of products because I wanted them to send me the real samples and the real specimens.\n","vi":"Khi t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, t\u00f4i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i h\u00e0ng m\u1eabu th\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt th\u1eadt.\n"}
{"en":"So I sent this company an email saying, \"Hello. I'm Christien.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean t\u00f4i g\u1eedi cho c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00f3i l\u00e0, \"Xin ch\u00e0o, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 Christien.\n"}
{"en":"I'm doing this research.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.\n"}
{"en":"And can you send me a bullet? \"\n","vi":"V\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? \"\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) And well, I did n't expect them to even answer my email.\n","vi":"(Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi) V\u00e0 \u1ed3, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ch\u1eb3ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i g\u00ec l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u01b0.\n"}
{"en":"But they answered and they said, \"Why, thank you for your email.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i \u00e2m, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i \"T\u1ea1i sao, th\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u01a1n v\u00ec l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb.\n"}
{"en":"What an interesting story.\n","vi":"C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb.\n"}
{"en":"Are you in anyway related to the Dutch government? \"\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u00e0 Lan theo b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? \"\n"}
{"en":"I thought that was really weird, as if the Dutch government sends emails to anyone.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y k\u00ec qu\u00e1i th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5y, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u00e0 Lan c\u00f3 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai v\u1eady.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) So, the most beautiful thing I found -- at least what I think is the most beautiful -- in the book, is this heart valve.\n","vi":"(Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi) S\u1ef1 l\u00e0, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00edt ra t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t, trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i van tim n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"It's actually a very low - tech and very high - tech product at the same time.\n","vi":"Th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t cao.\n"}
{"en":"The low - tech bit is that it's literally a pig's heart valve mounted in the high - tech bit, which is a memory metal casing.\n","vi":"Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 van tim l\u1ee3n theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u1eafp v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i bao kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb.\n"}
{"en":"And what happens is this can be implanted into a human heart without open heart surgery.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt m\u1edf tim ra.\n"}
{"en":"And once it's in the right spot, they remove the outer shell, and the heart valve, well, it gets this shape and at that moment it starts beating, instantly.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, h\u1ecd th\u00e1o l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1i van tim, \u1ed3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.\n"}
{"en":"It's really a sort of magical moment.\n","vi":"Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u.\n"}
{"en":"So this is actually a Dutch company, so I called them up, and I asked, \"Can I borrow a heart valve from you?\"\n","vi":"R\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti H\u00e0 Lan, t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi, \"T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc van tim t\u1eeb c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?\"\n"}
{"en":"And the makers of this thing were really enthusiastic.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i.\n"}
{"en":"So they were like, \"Okay, we'll put it in a jar for you with formalin, and you can borrow it.\"\n","vi":"H\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00e0, \"\u00d4 k\u00ea, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u1ecd c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi pho\u00f3c m\u00f4n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u00f3.\"\n"}
{"en":"Great -- and then I did n't hear from them for weeks, so I called, and I asked, \"What's going on with the heart valve?\"\n","vi":"Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n tr\u00f4i qua t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin g\u00ec t\u1eeb h\u1ecd, n\u00ean t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi, \"C\u00e1i van tim ra l\u00e0m sao r\u1ed3i?\"\n"}
{"en":"And they said, \"Well the director of the company decided not to let you borrow this heart valve, because want his product to be associated with pigs.\"\n","vi":"V\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i, \"\u1ed2 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ti quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u1ecb m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e1i van tim n\u00e0y, v\u00ec \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng t\u1edbi l\u1ee3n.\"\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) Well, the last product from the book that I'm showing you is renewable energy -- actually, to show that my first question, if pigs are still used up until the last bit, was still true.\n","vi":"(Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi) \u1ed2, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n xem l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf t\u00e1i kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa l\u1ee3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft t\u1edbi t\u1eadn m\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang ng\u00e0y nay.\n"}
{"en":"Well it is, because everything that ca n't be used for anything else is made into a fuel that can be used as renewable energy source.\n","vi":"\u1ed2, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\n"}
{"en":"In total, I found 185 products.\n","vi":"T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y 185 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\n"}
{"en":"And what they showed me is that, well, firstly, it's at least to say odd that we do n't treat these pigs as absolute kings and queens.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang cho t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0, \u1ed3, th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3i \"k\u00ec c\u1ee5c\" c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa heo nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua b\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.\n"}
{"en":"And the second, is that we actually do n't have a clue of what all these products that surround us are made of.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hay l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m quanh ta l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1i g\u00ec.\n"}
{"en":"And you might think I'm very fond of pigs, but actually -- well, I am a little bit -- but I'm more fond of raw materials in general.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t m\u00ea l\u1ee3n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 - - \u1ed3, c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat - - nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i m\u00ea v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 n\u00f3i chung h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"And I think that, in order to take better care of what's behind our products -- so, the livestock, the crops, the plants, the non-renewable materials, but also the people that produce these products -- the first step would actually be to know that they are there.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m ch\u00fat t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u00eda sau c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta - - s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1ea5y n\u1eefa - - b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"I'm a brain scientist, and as a brain scientist, I'm actually interested in how the brain learns, and I'm especially interested in a possibility of making our brains smarter, better and faster.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ti\u1ebfp thu th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u00fang ta th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"This is in this context I'm going to tell you about video games.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (games) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i.\n"}
{"en":"When we say video games, most of you think about children.\n","vi":"Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 games, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb em.\n"}
{"en":"Ninety percent of children do play video games.\n","vi":"90% tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ch\u01a1i games.\n"}
{"en":"But let's be frank.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y kh\u00e1ch quan h\u01a1n 1 ch\u00fat.\n"}
{"en":"When the kids are in bed, who is in front of the PlayStation?\n","vi":"Khi b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng, ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y PlayStation?\n"}
{"en":"The average age of a gamer is 33 years old, not eight years old, and in fact, if we look at the projected demographics of video game play, the video game players of tomorrow are older adults.\n","vi":"\u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a 1 game th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 33 tu\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 8 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i games, nh\u1eefng game th\u1ee7 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) So video [gaming] is pervasive throughout our society.\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) Cho n\u00ean ch\u01a1i games \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ta.\n"}
{"en":"It has an amazing impact on our everyday life.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng to l\u1edbn t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"Consider these statistics released by Activision.\n","vi":"H\u00e3y xem nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi Activision.\n"}
{"en":"After one month of release of the game \"Call Of Duty: Black Ops,\" it had been played for 68,000 years worldwide, right?\n","vi":"Sau 1 th\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh game \"Call Of Duty: Black Ops,\", n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01a1i t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 68.000 n\u0103m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0o?\n"}
{"en":"Would any of you complain if this was the case about doing linear algebra?\n","vi":"C\u00f3 ai trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh trong \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1?\n"}
{"en":"So what we are asking in the lab is, how can we leverage that power?\n","vi":"V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0, l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edch cho ch\u00fang ta?\n"}
{"en":"Now I want to step back a bit.\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i 1 ch\u00fat.\n"}
{"en":"I know most of you have had the experience of coming back home and finding your kids playing these kinds of games.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y con b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u01a1i nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y\n"}
{"en":"(Shooting noises) The name of the game is to get after your enemy zombie bad guys before they get to you, right?\n","vi":"(Ti\u1ebfng b\u1eafn s\u00fang) M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t k\u1ebb th\u00f9, zombie, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u... tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0o?\n"}
{"en":"And I'm almost sure most of you have thought, \"Oh, come on, ca n't you do something more intelligent than shooting at zombies?\"\n","vi":"V\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129, \"\u00d4i, th\u00f4i n\u00e0o, t\u1ee5i con kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n thay v\u00ec c\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y b\u1eafn zombie hay sao?\"\n"}
{"en":"I'd like you to put this kind of knee - jerk reaction in the context of what you would have thought if you had found your girl playing sudoku or your boy reading Shakespeare.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 g\u00ec n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y con g\u00e1i b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u01a1i sodoku hay con trai b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc Shakespeare.\n"}
{"en":"Most parents would find that great.\n","vi":"H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft cha m\u1eb9 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t.\n"}
{"en":"Well, I'm not going to tell you that playing video games days in and days out is actually good for your health.\n","vi":"D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng ch\u01a1i games t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y sang th\u00e1ng n\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\n"}
{"en":"But I'm going to argue that in reasonable doses, actually the very game I showed you at the beginning, those action - packed shooter games have quite powerful effects and positive effects on many different aspects of our behavior.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1eafn s\u00fang \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\n"}
{"en":"There's not one week that goes without some major headlines in the media about whether video games are good or bad for you, right?\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e3 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 1 tu\u1ea7n tr\u00f4i qua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 1 v\u00e0i ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u games c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u cho b\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0o?\n"}
{"en":"You're all bombarded with that.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00fang d\u1ed9i bom li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.\n"}
{"en":"I'd like to put this kind of Friday night bar discussion aside and get you to actually step into the lab.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ki\u1ec3u \"t\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u \u1edf qu\u00e1n bar\" n\u00e0y sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1eabn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.\n"}
{"en":"What we do in the lab is actually measure directly, in a quantitative fashion, what is the impact of video games on the brain.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, trong m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a games di\u1ec5n ra trong n\u00e3o.\n"}
{"en":"And so I'm going to take a few examples from our work.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y 1 v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"One first saying that I'm sure you all have heard is the fact that too much screen time makes your eyesight worse.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u1ed3i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"That's a statement about vision.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c.\n"}
{"en":"There may be vision scientists among you.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111ang \u1edf trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"We actually know how to test that statement.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean.\n"}
{"en":"We can step into the lab and measure how good your vision is.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111o th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.\n"}
{"en":"Well, guess what?\n","vi":"V\u00e0 th\u1eed \u0111o\u00e1n xem?\n"}
{"en":"People that do n't play a lot of action games, that do n't actually spend a lot of time in front of screens, have normal, or what we call corrective - to - normal vision.\n","vi":"Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, hay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.\n"}
{"en":"That's okay.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t.\n"}
{"en":"The issue is what happens with these guys that actually indulge into playing video games like five hours per week, 10 hours per week, 15 hours per week.\n","vi":"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u00e3y ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i games th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, 5 gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n ch\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1n, 10 gi\u1edd, 15 gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n.\n"}
{"en":"By that statement, their vision should be really bad, right?\n","vi":"N\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean, th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?\n"}
{"en":"Guess what?\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng \u0111o\u00e1n xem?\n"}
{"en":"Their vision is really, really good.\n","vi":"Th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.\n"}
{"en":"And it's better in two different ways.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n theo 2 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.\n"}
{"en":"The first way is that they're actually able to resolve small detail in the context of clutter, and though that means being able to read the fine print on a prescription rather than using magnifier glasses, you can actually do it with just your eyesight.\n","vi":"C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef in tr\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh l\u00fap, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"The other way that they are better is actually being able to resolve different levels of gray.\n","vi":"C\u00e1ch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eef l\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m kh\u00e1c nhau.\n"}
{"en":"Imagine you're driving in a fog.\n","vi":"H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e1i xe trong s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9.\n"}
{"en":"That makes a difference between seeing the car in front of you and avoiding the accident, or getting into an accident.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n, ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o tai n\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"So we're actually leveraging that work to develop games for patients with low vision, and to have an impact on retraining their brain to see better.\n","vi":"V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n cho n\u00e3o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"Clearly, when it comes to action video games, screen time does n't make your eyesight worse.\n","vi":"R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n k\u00e9m \u0111i.\n"}
{"en":"Another saying that I'm sure you have all heard around: Video games lead to attention problems and greater distractability.\n","vi":"N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 nghe r\u1eb1ng: Games d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb chia tr\u00ed.\n"}
{"en":"Okay, we know how to measure attention in the lab.\n","vi":"V\u00e0, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.\n"}
{"en":"I'm actually going to give you an example of how we do so.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"I'm going to ask you to participate, so you're going to have to actually play the game with me.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i s\u1ebd m\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tham gia, v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u01a1i game v\u1edbi t\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"I'm going to show you colored words.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u.\n"}
{"en":"I want you to shout out the color of the ink.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ean m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u ch\u1eef.\n"}
{"en":"So this is the first example.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.\n"}
{"en":"[\"Chair\"] Orange, good.\n","vi":"[\"Gh\u1ebf\"] Cam, t\u1ed1t.\n"}
{"en":"[\"Table\"] Green.\n","vi":"['B\u00e0n \"] M\u00e0u xanh.\n"}
{"en":"[\"Board\"] Audience: Red. Daphne Bavelier: Red.\n","vi":"[\"B\u1ea3ng\"] Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3: \u0110\u1ecf, Daphne Bavelier: \u0110\u1ecf.\n"}
{"en":"[\"Horse\"] DB: Yellow.\n","vi":"[\"Ng\u1ef1a\"] DB: V\u00e0ng.\n"}
{"en":"Audience: Yellow.\n","vi":"Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3: V\u00e0ng.\n"}
{"en":"[\"Yellow\"] DB: Red.\n","vi":"[\"V\u00e0ng\"] DB: \u0110\u1ecf.\n"}
{"en":"[\"Blue\"] DB: Yellow.\n","vi":"[\"Xanh\"] DB: V\u00e0ng.\n"}
{"en":"Okay, you get my point, right?\n","vi":"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9?\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) You're getting better, but it's hard.\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"Why is it hard?\n","vi":"T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 kh\u00f3?\n"}
{"en":"Because I introduced a conflict between the word itself and its color.\n","vi":"B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa t\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"How good your attention is determines actually how fast you resolve that conflict, so the young guys here at the top of their game probably, like, did a little better than some of us that are older.\n","vi":"M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n x\u1eef l\u00ed xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m 1 ch\u00fat t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"What we can show is that when you do this kind of task with people that play a lot of action games, they actually resolve the conflict faster.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u01a1i game h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t nhanh h\u01a1n,\n"}
{"en":"So clearly playing those action games does n't lead to attention problems.\n","vi":"V\u1eady r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u01a1i game h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp trung.\n"}
{"en":"Actually, those action video game players have many other advantages in terms of attention, and one aspect of attention which is also improved for the better is our ability to track objects around in the world.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec, nh\u1eefng game th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u01a1n khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 xung quanh.\n"}
{"en":"This is something we use all the time.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"When you're driving, you're tracking, keeping track of the cars around you.\n","vi":"Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e1i xe, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i, theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng xe xung quanh b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"You're also keeping track of the pedestrian, the running dog, and that's how you can actually be safe driving, right?\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9, con ch\u00f3 \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0o?\n"}
{"en":"In the lab, we get people to come to the lab, sit in front of a computer screen, and we give them little tasks that I'm going to get you to do again.\n","vi":"Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n ng\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd nh\u1edd c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp theo.\n"}
{"en":"You're going to see yellow happy faces and a few sad blue faces.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t vui m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t bu\u1ed3n m\u00e0u xanh.\n"}
{"en":"These are children in the schoolyard in Geneva during a recess during the winter.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb trong s\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Geneva gi\u1edd ra ch\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng.\n"}
{"en":"Most kids are happy.\n","vi":"H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u vui.\n"}
{"en":"It's actually recess.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 gi\u1edd ra ch\u01a1i.\n"}
{"en":"But a few kids are sad and blue because they've forgotten their coat.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang th\u00ec bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 xanh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u00e1o kho\u00e1c \u1edf nh\u00e0.\n"}
{"en":"Everybody begins to move around, and your task is to keep track of who had a coat at the beginning and who did n't. So I'm just going to show you an example where there is only one sad kid.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u di chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u00e1o kho\u00e1c l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, V\u1eady n\u00ean t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t em bu\u1ed3n.\n"}
{"en":"It's easy because you can actually track it with your eyes.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 d\u1ec5 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i em \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"You can track, you can track, and then when it stops, and there is a question mark, and I ask you, did this kid have a coat or not?\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i, theo d\u00f5i, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i n\u00f3 d\u1eebng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u00e1o kho\u00e1c hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng?\n"}
{"en":"Was it yellow initially or blue?\n","vi":"N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u hay l\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh?\n"}
{"en":"I hear a few yellow.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i nghe m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u00f3i m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng.\n"}
{"en":"So most of you have a brain. (Laughter) I'm now going to ask you to do the task, but now with a little more challenging task.\n","vi":"V\u1eady \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00e3o (C\u01b0\u1eddi) B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.\n"}
{"en":"There are going to be three of them that are blue.\n","vi":"S\u1ebd c\u00f3 3 trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh.\n"}
{"en":"Do n't move your eyes.\n","vi":"\u0110\u1eebng di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"Please do n't move your eyes.\n","vi":"L\u00e0m \u01a1n \u0111\u1eebng di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eaft.\n"}
{"en":"Keep your eyes fixated and expand, pull your attention. That's the only way you can actually do it.\n","vi":"Gi\u1eef cho m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, gi\u1eef t\u1eadp trung, \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\n"}
{"en":"If you move your eyes, you're doomed.\n","vi":"N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eaft, b\u1ea1n ti\u00eau ch\u1eafc.\n"}
{"en":"Yellow or blue?\n","vi":"V\u00e0ng hay xanh?\n"}
{"en":"So your typical normal young adult can have a span of about three or four objects of attention.\n","vi":"DB: T\u1ed1t V\u1eady c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i kho\u1ea3ng 3 hay 4 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac\n"}
{"en":"That's what we just did.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba l\u00e0m.\n"}
{"en":"Your action video game player has a span of about six to seven objects of attention, which is what is shown in this video here.\n","vi":"C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng game th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u1eeb 6 t\u1edbi 7 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean clip n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"That's for you guys, action video game players.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c game th\u1ee7.\n"}
{"en":"A bit more challenging, right?\n","vi":"H\u01a1i kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n. \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0o?\n"}
{"en":"We have some people that are serious out there.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1 l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u1ec9.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) Good.\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) T\u1ed1t.\n"}
{"en":"So in the same way that we actually see the effects of video games on people's behavior, we can use brain imaging and look at the impact of video games on the brain, and we do find many changes, but the main changes are actually to the brain networks that control attention.\n","vi":"V\u1eady v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a games t\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a games t\u1edbi n\u00e3o, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o n\u01a1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung.\n"}
{"en":"So one part is the parietal cortex which is very well known to control the orientation of attention.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ecf n\u00e3o l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung.\n"}
{"en":"The other one is the frontal lobe, which controls how we sustain attention, and another one is the anterior cingulate, which controls how we allocate and regulate attention and resolve conflict.\n","vi":"Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 thu\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00e0nh n\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t.\n"}
{"en":"Now, when we do brain imaging, we find that all three of these networks are actually much more efficient in people that play action games.\n","vi":"Hi\u1ec7n, khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh n\u00e3o, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i game h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.\n"}
{"en":"This actually leads me to a rather counterintuitive finding in the literature about technology and the brain.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u00f4i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o.\n"}
{"en":"You all know about multitasking.\n","vi":"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.\n"}
{"en":"You all have been faulty of multitasking when you're driving and you pick up your cellphone.\n","vi":"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m khi \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 khi \u0111ang l\u00e1i xe v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"Bad idea.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u1ed3i.\n"}
{"en":"Very bad idea.\n","vi":"R\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed3i.\n"}
{"en":"Because as your attention shifts to your cell phone, you are actually losing the capacity to react swiftly to the car braking in front of you, and so you're much more likely to get engaged into a car accident.\n","vi":"V\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang cho chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh l\u1eb9 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111ang th\u1eafng g\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n xe h\u01a1i h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"Now, we can measure that kind of skills in the lab.\n","vi":"Hi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.\n"}
{"en":"We obviously do n't ask people to drive around and see how many car accidents they have.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe v\u00e0 xem h\u1ecd m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i bao nhi\u00eau tai n\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"That would be a little costly proposition.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u01a1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.\n"}
{"en":"But we design tasks on the computer where we can measure, to millisecond accuracy, how good they are at switching from one task to another.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng mili gi\u00e2y, v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y sang nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.\n"}
{"en":"When we do that, we actually find that people that play a lot of action games are really, really good.\n","vi":"Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u01a1i game h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"They switch really fast, very swiftly.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t nhanh l\u1eb9.\n"}
{"en":"They pay a very small cost.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"Now I'd like you to remember that result, and put it in the context of another group of technology users, a group which is actually much revered by society, which are people that engage in multimedia - tasking.\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nh\u1edb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m.\n"}
{"en":"What is multimedia - tasking?\n","vi":"Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\n"}
{"en":"That's a multimedia - tasker.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m.\n"}
{"en":"There was a first study done by colleagues at Stanford and that we replicated that showed that those people that identify as being high multimedia - taskers are absolutely abysmal at multitasking.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Stanford v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u00ec l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m n\u00f3i chung.\n"}
{"en":"When we measure them in the lab, they're really bad.\n","vi":"Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7,\n"}
{"en":"So these kinds of results really makes two main points.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n 2 \u00fd ch\u00ednh.\n"}
{"en":"The first one is that not all media are created equal.\n","vi":"\u00dd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ed1ng nhau.\n"}
{"en":"You ca n't compare the effect of multimedia - tasking and the effect of playing action games.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u01a1i game h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.\n"}
{"en":"They have totally different effects on different aspects of cognition, perception and attention.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp thu, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung.\n"}
{"en":"Even within video games, I'm telling you right now about these action - packed video games.\n","vi":"Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1edbi games, t\u00f4i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"Different video games have a different effect on your brains.\n","vi":"Nh\u1eefng games kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1edbi n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"So we actually need to step into the lab and really measure what is the effect of each video game.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u1eadn b\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i.\n"}
{"en":"The other lesson is that general wisdom carries no weight.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\n"}
{"en":"I showed that to you already, like we looked at the fact that despite a lot of screen time, those action gamers have a lot of very good vision, etc.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i v\u1eeba cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng game th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n...\n"}
{"en":"Here, what was really striking is that these undergraduates that actually report engaging in a lot of high multimedia - tasking are convinced they aced the test.\n","vi":"\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tham gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng (m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch) \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi.\n"}
{"en":"So you show them their data, you show them they are bad and they're like, \"Not possible.\"\n","vi":"R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n cho h\u1ecd xem \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi ch\u00fat n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0, \"Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\".\n"}
{"en":"You know, they have this sort of gut feeling that, really, they are doing really, really good.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t\n"}
{"en":"That's another argument for why we need to step into the lab and really measure the impact of technology on the brain.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed do n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00ean b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o.\n"}
{"en":"Now in a sense, when we think about the effect of video games on the brain, it's very similar to the effect of wine on the health.\n","vi":"N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, khi ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a games t\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb.\n"}
{"en":"There are some very poor uses of wine.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u.\n"}
{"en":"There are some very poor uses of video games.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u1eef d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a games.\n"}
{"en":"But when consumed in reasonable doses, and at the right age, wine can be very good for health. There are actually specific molecules that have been identified in red wine as leading to greater life expectancy.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb. Th\u1eadt ra c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.\n"}
{"en":"So it's the same way, like those action video games have a number of ingredients that are actually really powerful for brain plasticity, learning, attention, vision, etc., and so we need and we're working on understanding what are those active ingredients so that we can really then leverage them to deliver better games, either for education or for rehabilitation of patients.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 \u00f3c, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung, th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n... v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho l\u1eabn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.\n"}
{"en":"Now because we are interested in having an impact for education or rehabilitation of patients, we are actually not that interested in how those of you that choose to play video games for many hours on end perform.\n","vi":"B\u1edfi v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u01a1i games h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n.\n"}
{"en":"I'm much more interested in taking any of you and showing that by forcing you to play an action game, I can actually change your vision for the better, whether you want to play that action game or not, right?\n","vi":"M\u00e0 t\u00f4i quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n theo v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ch\u01a1i game h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, d\u00f9 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00edch ch\u01a1i game h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0o?\n"}
{"en":"That's the point of rehabilitation or education.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\n"}
{"en":"Most of the kids do n't go to school saying, \"Great, two hours of math!\"\n","vi":"H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \"Tuy\u1ec7t, 2 gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc to\u00e1n!\"\n"}
{"en":"So that's really the crux of the research, and to do that, we need to go one more step.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"And one more step is to do training studies.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n.\n"}
{"en":"So let me illustrate that step with a task which is called mental rotation.\n","vi":"V\u1eady h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i minh ho\u1ea1 n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xoay c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\n"}
{"en":"Mental rotation is a task where I'm going to ask you, and again you're going to do the task, to look at this shape.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd nh\u1edd c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"Study it, it's a target shape, and I'm going to present to you four different shapes.\n","vi":"H\u00e3y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n 4 kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau.\n"}
{"en":"One of these four different shapes is actually a rotated version of this shape.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t trong 4 kh\u1ed1i kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb xoay c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u.\n"}
{"en":"I want you to tell me which one: the first one, second one, third one or fourth one?\n","vi":"T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ee9 ba hay th\u1ee9 t\u01b0?\n"}
{"en":"Okay, I'll help you.\n","vi":"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"Fourth one.\n","vi":"C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0.\n"}
{"en":"One more.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"Get those brains working. Come on.\n","vi":"B\u1eaft nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111i n\u00e0o.\n"}
{"en":"That's our target shape.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"Third. Good!\n","vi":"C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1ed1t!\n"}
{"en":"This is hard, right?\n","vi":"Tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y kh\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0o?\n"}
{"en":"Like, the reason that I asked you to do that is because you really feel your brain cringing, right?\n","vi":"V\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n co r\u00fat l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0o?\n"}
{"en":"It does n't really feel like playing mindless action video games.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1i nh\u1eefng game h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.\n"}
{"en":"Well, what we do in these training studies is, people come to the lab, they do tasks like this one, we then force them to play 10 hours of action games.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft h\u1ecd ch\u01a1i game h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong 10 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.\n"}
{"en":"They do n't play 10 hours of action games in a row.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i h\u1ebft 10 gi\u1edd trong m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t.\n"}
{"en":"They do distributed practice, so little shots of 40 minutes several days over a period of two weeks.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd ch\u01a1i t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t, v\u1eady n\u00ean m\u1ed7i v\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng 40 ph\u00fat trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 2 tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5.\n"}
{"en":"Then, once they are done with the training, they come back a few days later and they are tested again on a similar type of mental rotation task.\n","vi":"R\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau h\u1ecd quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u1eadp xoay kh\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\n"}
{"en":"So this is work from a colleague in Toronto.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Toronto.\n"}
{"en":"What they showed is that, initially, you know, subjects perform where they are expected to perform given their age.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\n"}
{"en":"After two weeks of training on action video games, they actually perform better, and the improvement is still there five months after having done the training.\n","vi":"Sau 2 tu\u1ea7n r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi game h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong 5 th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp theo sau khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n.\n"}
{"en":"That's really, really important.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.\n"}
{"en":"Because I told you we want to use these games for education or for rehabilitation. We need to have effects that are going to be long - lasting.\n","vi":"B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng games n\u00e0y cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch giao d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.\n"}
{"en":"Now, at this point, a number of you are probably wondering well, what are you waiting for, to put on the market a game that would be good for the attention of my grandmother and that she would actually enjoy, or a game that would be great to rehabilitate the vision of my grandson who has amblyopia, for example?\n","vi":"Hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc \u0111ang t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi \u1eebm, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee3i g\u00ec n\u1eefa. \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t game c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac b\u00e0 \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi n\u00f3, hay m\u1ed9t game c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u trai m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3m th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n?\n"}
{"en":"Well, we're working on it, but here is a challenge.\n","vi":"V\u00e2ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.\n"}
{"en":"There are brain scientists like me that are beginning to understand what are the good ingredients in games to promote positive effects, and that's what I'm going to call the broccoli side of the equation.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u ra nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i trong games t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t b\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i xanh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.\n"}
{"en":"There is an entertainment software industry which is extremely deft at coming up with appealing products that you ca n't resist.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i\n"}
{"en":"That's the chocolate side of the equation.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\n"}
{"en":"The issue is we need to put the two together, and it's a little bit like with food.\n","vi":"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gh\u00e9p 2 m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n.\n"}
{"en":"Who really wants to eat chocolate - covered broccoli?\n","vi":"Ai l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n \u0103n b\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la?\n"}
{"en":"None of you. (Laughter) And you probably have had that feeling, right, picking up an education game and sort of feeling, hmm, you know, it's not really fun, it's not really engaging.\n","vi":"Ch\u1ea3 ai c\u1ea3 (C\u01b0\u1eddi) V\u00e0 ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t game gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, h\u1eebm..., b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng vui cho l\u1eafm, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho l\u1eafm.\n"}
{"en":"So what we need is really a new brand of chocolate, a brand of chocolate that is irresistible, that you really want to play, but that has all the ingredients, the good ingredients that are extracted from the broccoli that you ca n't recognize but are still working on your brains.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n ch\u01a1i n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb b\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i xanh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho n\u00e3o b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"And we're working on it, but it takes brain scientists to come and to get together, people that work in the entertainment software industry, and publishers, so these are not people that usually meet every day, but it's actually doable, and we are on the right track.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ngh\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p nhau m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng.\n"}
{"en":"I'd like to leave you with that thought, and thank you for your attention.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"Two years ago, after having served four years in the United States Marine Corps and deployments to both Iraq and Afghanistan, I found myself in Port - au - Prince, leading a team of veterans and medical professionals in some of the hardest - hit areas of that city, three days after the earthquake.\n","vi":"Hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau b\u1ed1n n\u0103m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thu\u1ef7 Qu\u00e2n L\u1ee5c Chi\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 Iraq v\u00e0 Afghanistan, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Port - au - Prince, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 kinh kh\u1ee7ng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ba ng\u00e0y sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t.\n"}
{"en":"We were going to the places that nobody else wanted to go, the places nobody else could go, and after three weeks, we realized something.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n t\u1edbi, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 sau ba tu\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u.\n"}
{"en":"Military veterans are very, very good at disaster response.\n","vi":"C\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh r\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi thi\u00ean tai.\n"}
{"en":"And coming home, my cofounder and I, we looked at it, and we said, there are two problems.\n","vi":"V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\n"}
{"en":"The first problem is there's inadequate disaster response.\n","vi":"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 thi\u00ean tai kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.\n"}
{"en":"It's not using the best technology, and it's not using the best people.\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t.\n"}
{"en":"The second problem that we became aware of was a very inadequate veteran reintegration, and this is a topic that is front page news right now as veterans are coming home from Iraq and Afghanistan, and they're struggling to reintegrate into civilian life.\n","vi":"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean trang nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd khi c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb Irag v\u00e0 Afghanistan, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng.\n"}
{"en":"And we sat here and we looked at these two problems, and finally we came to a realization. These are n't problems.\n","vi":"Th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra: Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\n"}
{"en":"These are actually solutions.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.\n"}
{"en":"And what do I mean by that?\n","vi":"\u00dd t\u00f4i l\u00e0 g\u00ec khi n\u00f3i th\u1ebf?\n"}
{"en":"Well, we can use disaster response as an opportunity for service for the veterans coming home.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean tai nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1.\n"}
{"en":"Recent surveys show that 92 percent of veterans want to continue their service when they take off their uniform.\n","vi":"Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y 92 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh mong mu\u1ed1n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5\n"}
{"en":"And we can use veterans to improve disaster response.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 thi\u00ean tai.\n"}
{"en":"Now on the surface, this makes a lot of sense, and in 2010, we responded to the tsunami in Chile, the floods in Pakistan, we sent training teams to the Thai - Burma border.\n","vi":"V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u00fd, n\u0103m 2010, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1eadn s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n \u1edf Chile, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t \u1edf Pakista, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n t\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Thai - Burma.\n"}
{"en":"But it was earlier this year, when one of our original members caused us to shift focus in the organization.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.\n"}
{"en":"This is Clay Hunt.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Clay Hunt.\n"}
{"en":"Clay was a Marine with me.\n","vi":"Clay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ednh thu\u1ef7 gi\u1ed1ng t\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"We served together in Iraq and Afghanistan.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf Iraq v\u00e0 Afghanistan.\n"}
{"en":"Clay was with us in Port - au - Prince.\n","vi":"Clay \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Port - au - Prince.\n"}
{"en":"He was also with us in Chile.\n","vi":"Anh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf Chile.\n"}
{"en":"Earlier this year, in March, Clay took his own life.\n","vi":"V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng ba \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay, Clay \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed.\n"}
{"en":"This was a tragedy, but it really forced us to refocus what it is that we were doing.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi k\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m.\n"}
{"en":"You know, Clay did n't kill himself because of what happened in Iraq and Afghanistan.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng, Clay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1eed b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Iraq v\u00e0 Afghanistan.\n"}
{"en":"Clay killed himself because of what he lost when he came home.\n","vi":"Clay t\u1ef1 t\u1eed b\u1edfi c\u00e1i m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t khi anh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.\n"}
{"en":"He lost purpose.\n","vi":"Anh \u1ea5y m\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.\n"}
{"en":"He lost his community.\n","vi":"Anh \u1ea5y m\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a anh.\n"}
{"en":"And perhaps most tragically, he lost his self - worth.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd bi k\u1ecbch nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0, anh \u1ea5y m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.\n"}
{"en":"And so, as we evaluated, and as the dust settled from this tragedy, we realized that, of those two problems -- in the initial iteration of our organization, we were a disaster response organization that was using veteran service.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 th\u1ebf, khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 khi bi k\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean - - s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean tai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh.\n"}
{"en":"We had a lot of success, and we really felt like we were changing the disaster response paradigm.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean tai.\n"}
{"en":"But after Clay, we shifted that focus, and suddenly, now moving forward, we see ourselves as a veteran service organization that's using disaster response.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng sau chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Clay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, v\u00e0 th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 thi\u00ean tai.\n"}
{"en":"Because we think that we can give that purpose and that community and that self - worth back to the veteran.\n","vi":"B\u1edfi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh.\n"}
{"en":"And tornadoes in Tuscaloosa and Joplin, and then later Hurricane Irene, gave us an opportunity to look at that.\n","vi":"L\u1ed1c xo\u00e1y \u1edf Tuscaloosa v\u00e0 Joplin, r\u1ed3i B\u00e3o Irene, cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"Now I want you to imagine for a second an 18 - year - old boy who graduates from high school in Kansas City, Missouri.\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng trai 18 tu\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kansas, Missouri.\n"}
{"en":"He joins the Army.\n","vi":"Anh gia nh\u1eadp Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i.\n"}
{"en":"The Army gives him a rifle.\n","vi":"Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a anh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u00fang.\n"}
{"en":"They send him to Iraq.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd g\u1eedi anh t\u1edbi Iraq.\n"}
{"en":"Every day he leaves the wire with a mission.\n","vi":"H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, anh ra kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.\n"}
{"en":"That mission is to defend the freedom of the family that he left at home.\n","vi":"Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u00e0.\n"}
{"en":"It's to keep the men around him alive.\n","vi":"L\u00e0 gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh anh s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t.\n"}
{"en":"It's to pacify the village that he works in.\n","vi":"L\u00e0 d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng n\u01a1i anh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.\n"}
{"en":"He's got a purpose.\n","vi":"Anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00ednh.\n"}
{"en":"But he comes home [to] Kansas City, Missouri, maybe he goes to college, maybe he's got a job, but he does n't have that same sense of purpose.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng khi anh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kansas, Missouri, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf anh s\u1ebd \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf anh s\u1ebd ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.\n"}
{"en":"You give him a chainsaw.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n cho anh \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u01b0a.\n"}
{"en":"You send him to Joplin, Missouri after a tornado, he regains that.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a anh \u1ea5y t\u1edbi Joplin, Missouri sau m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n l\u1ed1c xo\u00e1y, anh l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"Going back, that same 18 - year - old boy graduates from high school in Kansas City, Missouri, joins the Army, the Army gives him a rifle, they send him to Iraq.\n","vi":"Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng trai 18 tu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kansas, Missouri, gia nh\u1eadp Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a anh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u00fang, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a anh t\u1edbi Iraq.\n"}
{"en":"Every day he looks into the same sets of eyes around him.\n","vi":"H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, anh nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft gi\u1ed1ng nhau xung quanh anh.\n"}
{"en":"He leaves the wire.\n","vi":"Anh r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o.\n"}
{"en":"He knows that those people have his back.\n","vi":"Anh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 anh.\n"}
{"en":"He's slept in the same sand.\n","vi":"Anh ng\u1ee7 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i c\u00e1t.\n"}
{"en":"They've lived together.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi nhau.\n"}
{"en":"They've eaten together.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd \u0103n chung.\n"}
{"en":"They've bled together.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng nhau.\n"}
{"en":"He goes home to Kansas City, Missouri.\n","vi":"Anh \u1ea5y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kansas, Missouri.\n"}
{"en":"He gets out of the military.\n","vi":"Anh r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i.\n"}
{"en":"He takes his uniform off.\n","vi":"Anh c\u1edfi b\u1ecf b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c.\n"}
{"en":"He does n't have that community anymore.\n","vi":"Anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"But you drop 25 of those veterans in Joplin, Missouri, they get that sense of community back.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea3 25 c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng Joplin, Missouri, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"Again, you have an 18 - year - old boy who graduates high school in Kansas City.\n","vi":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1p n\u1eefa, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng trai 18 tu\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kansas.\n"}
{"en":"They pin a medal on his chest.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd ghim l\u00ean ng\u1ef1c anh m\u1ed9t huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.\n"}
{"en":"He goes home to a ticker tape parade.\n","vi":"Anh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh s\u00fang gi\u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"He takes the uniform off.\n","vi":"Anh c\u1edfi b\u1ecf b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c.\n"}
{"en":"He's no longer Sergeant Jones in his community.\n","vi":"Anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Trung s\u0129 Jones n\u1eefa trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a anh.\n"}
{"en":"He's now Dave from Kansas City.\n","vi":"Anh gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Dave t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kansas.\n"}
{"en":"He does n't have that same self - worth.\n","vi":"Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a anh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa\n"}
{"en":"But you send him to Joplin after a tornado, and somebody once again is walking up to him and shaking their hand and thanking them for their service, now they have self - worth again.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a anh \u1ea5y t\u1edbi Joplin sau m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n l\u1ed1c xo\u00e1y, v\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 anh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft tay anh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n anh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, gi\u1edd h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u0169..\n"}
{"en":"I think it's very important, because right now somebody needs to step up, and this generation of veterans has the opportunity to do that if they are given the chance.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1edfi ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i.\n"}
{"en":"Billy Pilgrim ca n't sleep because he knows aliens will arrive to abduct him in one hour.\n","vi":"Billy Pilgrim kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 v\u00ec bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft c\u00f3c m\u00ecnh.\n"}
{"en":"He knows the aliens are coming because he has become \"unstuck\" in time, causing him to experience events out of chronological order.\n","vi":"Anh bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \"tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi\" s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, khi\u1ebfn anh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian.\n"}
{"en":"Over the course of Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse - five, he hops back and forth between a childhood trip to the Grand Canyon, his life as a middle - aged optometrist, his captivity in an intergalactic zoo, the humiliations he endured as a war prisoner, and more.\n","vi":"Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Slaughterhouse - five (L\u00f2 s\u00e1t sinh s\u1ed1 n\u0103m) c\u1ee7a Kurt Vonnegut, Billy du h\u00e0nh xuy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111i v\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn Grand Canyon, tu\u1ed5i trung ni\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u00e1c s\u0129 nh\u00e3n khoa, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m t\u1ea1i s\u1edf th\u00fa li\u00ean thi\u00ean h\u00e0, ch\u1ecbu nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 khi l\u00e0m t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c.\n"}
{"en":"The title of Slaughterhouse - five and much of its source material came from Vonnegut's own experiences in World War II.\n","vi":"T\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh L\u00f2 s\u00e1t sinh s\u1ed1 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Vonnegut trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai.\n"}
{"en":"As a prisoner of war, he lived in a former slaughterhouse in Dresden, where he took refuge in an underground meat locker while Allied forces bombed the city.\n","vi":"L\u00e0 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb giam t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 m\u1ed5 c\u0169 \u1edf Dresden, tr\u00fa \u1ea9n trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n h\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a th\u1ecbt d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, khi qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh n\u00e9m bom th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.\n"}
{"en":"When he and the other prisoners finally emerged, they found Dresden utterly demolished.\n","vi":"Khi c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1ea7m, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Dresden \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.\n"}
{"en":"After the war, Vonnegut tried to make sense of human behavior by studying an unusual aspect of anthropology: the shapes of stories, which he insisted were just as interesting as the shapes of pots or spearheads.\n","vi":"Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Vonnegut \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1 trong nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc: t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh hay m\u0169i gi\u00e1o.\n"}
{"en":"To find the shape, he graphed the main character's fortune from the beginning to the end of a story.\n","vi":"\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.\n"}
{"en":"The zany curves he generated revealed common types of fairy tales and myths that echo through many cultures.\n","vi":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong k\u00ec l\u1ea1 h\u00e9 m\u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong c\u1ed5 t\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1.\n"}
{"en":"But this shape can be the most interesting of all.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.\n"}
{"en":"In a story like this, it's impossible to distinguish the character's good fortune from the bad.\n","vi":"Trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn may r\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.\n"}
{"en":"Vonnegut thought this kind of story was the truest to real life, in which we are all the victims of a series of accidents, unable to predict how events will impact us long term.\n","vi":"Vonnegut cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, n\u01a1i ta l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ng\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111o\u00e1n n\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\n"}
{"en":"He found the tidy, satisfying arcs of many stories at odds with this reality, and he set out to explore the ambiguity between good and bad fortune in his own work.\n","vi":"\u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p, g\u00e3y g\u1ecdn trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m may r\u1ee7i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\n"}
{"en":"When Vonnegut ditched clear - cut fortunes, he also abandoned straightforward chronology.\n","vi":"B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua v\u1eadn s\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, Vonnegut c\u0169ng b\u1ecf qua tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian.\n"}
{"en":"Instead of proceeding tidily from beginning to end, in his stories \"All moments, past, present and future always have existed, always will exist.\"\n","vi":"Thay v\u00ec vi\u1ebft theo m\u1ea1ch th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \"M\u1ecdi kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai lu\u00f4n c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.\"\n"}
{"en":"Tralfamadorians, the aliens who crop up in many of his books, see all moments at once.\n","vi":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh tinh Tralfamadore xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc.\n"}
{"en":"They \"can see where each star has been and where it is going, so that the heavens are filled with rarefied, luminous spaghetti.\"\n","vi":"H\u1ecd \"c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u, n\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh.\"\n"}
{"en":"But although they can see all of time, they do n't try to change the course of events.\n","vi":"D\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian.\n"}
{"en":"While the Trafalmadorians may be at peace with their lack of agency, Vonnegut's human characters are still getting used to it.\n","vi":"Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tralfamadore b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Vonnegut v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi n\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"In The Sirens of Titan, when they seek the meaning of life in the vastness of the universe, they find nothing but \"empty heroics, low comedy, and pointless death.\" Then, from their vantage point within a \"chrono- synclastic infundibulum,\" a man and his dog see devastating futures for their earthly counterparts, but ca n't change the course of events.\n","vi":"Trong The Sirens of Titan (Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau n\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Titan), khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la, h\u1ecd ch\u1eafng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i \"ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh h\u00f9ng s\u00e1o r\u1ed7ng, h\u00e0i r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a\" R\u1ed3i khi \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1t, tr\u00ean \"ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian\", ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 con ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y th\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec.\n"}
{"en":"Though there are n't easy answers available, they eventually conclude that the purpose of life is \"to love whoever is around to be loved.\"\n","vi":"D\u00f9 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \"y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng.\"\n"}
{"en":"In Cat's Cradle, Vonnegut's characters turn to a different source of meaning: Bokonism, a religion based on harmless lies that all its adherents recognize as lies.\n","vi":"Trong Cat 's Cradle (N\u00f4i M\u00e8o), nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Vonnegut theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c: Bokonism m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.\n"}
{"en":"Though they're aware of Bokonism's lies, they live their lives by these tenets anyway, and in so doing develop some genuine hope.\n","vi":"D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft Bokonon n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng theo nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.\n"}
{"en":"They join together in groups called Karasses, which consist of people we \"find by accident but [\u2026] stick with by choice\" - cosmically linked around a shared purpose.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Karasse, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \"g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau\" - c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.\n"}
{"en":"These are not to be confused with Granfalloons, groups of people who appoint significance to actually meaningless associations, like where you grew up, political parties, and even entire nations.\n","vi":"\u0110\u1eebng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn h\u1ecd v\u1edbi Granfalloon, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eafn k\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u00fd ch\u00ed, nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng qu\u00ea, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, c\u00f9ng chung \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.\n"}
{"en":"Though he held a bleak view of the human condition, Vonnegut believed strongly that \"we are all here to help each other get through this thing, whatever it is.\"\n","vi":"D\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bi quan v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, Vonnegut v\u1eabn tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng: \"Ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nhau v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa.\"\n"}
{"en":"We might get pooped and demoralized, but Vonnegut interspersed his grim assessments with more than a few morsels of hope.\n","vi":"Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3, Vonnegut \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng hi v\u1ecdng.\n"}
{"en":"His fictional alter ego, Kilgore Trout, supplied this parable: two yeast sat \"discussing the possible purposes of life as they ate sugar and suffocated in their own excrement.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Kilgore Trout, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Hai h\u1ea1t men r\u01b0\u1ee3u \"tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng khi \u0111ang h\u1ea5p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u00ecm trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra.\"\n"}
{"en":"Because of their limited intelligence, they never came close to guessing that they were making champagne. \"\n","vi":"V\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra s\u00e2m banh. \"\n"}
{"en":"In spite of his insistence that we're all here to fart around, in spite of his deep concerns about the course of human existence, Vonnegut also advanced the possibility, however slim, that we might end up making something good.\n","vi":"B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Vonnegut c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ecf, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.\n"}
{"en":"And if that is n't nice, what is?\n","vi":"V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, th\u00ec th\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t ch\u1ee9?\n"}
{"en":"I'm going to talk about a failure of intuition that many of us suffer from.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.\n"}
{"en":"It's really a failure to detect a certain kind of danger.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n"}
{"en":"I'm going to describe a scenario that I think is both terrifying and likely to occur, and that's not a good combination, as it turns out.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 v\u1eeba kinh kh\u1ee7ng v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra.\n"}
{"en":"And yet rather than be scared, most of you will feel that what I'm talking about is kind of cool.\n","vi":"Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec s\u1ee3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111ang n\u00f3i th\u1eadt ra r\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t\n"}
{"en":"I'm going to describe how the gains we make in artificial intelligence could ultimately destroy us.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ta g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"And in fact, I think it's very difficult to see how they wo n't destroy us or inspire us to destroy ourselves.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c ra, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t m\u00ecnh.\n"}
{"en":"And yet if you're anything like me, you'll find that it's fun to think about these things.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n gi\u1ed1ng t\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t vui khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"And that response is part of the problem.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\n"}
{"en":"That response should worry you.\n","vi":"Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n lo l\u1eafng.\n"}
{"en":"And if I were to convince you in this talk that we were likely to suffer a global famine, either because of climate change or some other catastrophe, and that your grandchildren, or their grandchildren, are very likely to live like this, you would n't think, \"Interesting.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n trong bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ho\u1eb7c do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u00ean tai kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1u ch\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n hay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129, \"Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"I like this TED Talk. \"\n","vi":"T\u00f4i th\u00edch bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \"\n"}
{"en":"Famine is n't fun.\n","vi":"N\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng vui v\u1ebb g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u.\n"}
{"en":"Death by science fiction, on the other hand, is fun, and one of the things that worries me most about the development of AI at this point is that we seem unable to marshal an appropriate emotional response to the dangers that lie ahead.\n","vi":"Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft do khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i lo l\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n AI l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft.\n"}
{"en":"I am unable to marshal this response, and I'm giving this talk.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, n\u00ean t\u00f4i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"It's as though we stand before two doors.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda.\n"}
{"en":"Behind door number one, we stop making progress in building intelligent machines.\n","vi":"Sau c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta ng\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh.\n"}
{"en":"Our computer hardware and software just stops getting better for some reason.\n","vi":"Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00ec v\u00e0i l\u00ed do.\n"}
{"en":"Now take a moment to consider why this might happen.\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian suy ngh\u0129 t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.\n"}
{"en":"I mean, given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to.\n","vi":"\u00dd t\u00f4i l\u00e0, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ebfu ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.\n"}
{"en":"What could stop us from doing this?\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta d\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y?\n"}
{"en":"A full - scale nuclear war?\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn?\n"}
{"en":"A global pandemic?\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u?\n"}
{"en":"An asteroid impact?\n","vi":"Va ch\u1ea1m thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch?\n"}
{"en":"Justin Bieber becoming president of the United States?\n","vi":"Hay Justin Bieber tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9?\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) The point is, something would have to destroy civilization as we know it.\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0, th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"You have to imagine how bad it would have to be to prevent us from making improvements in our technology permanently, generation after generation.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y qua th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.\n"}
{"en":"Almost by definition, this is the worst thing that's ever happened in human history.\n","vi":"G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"So the only alternative, and this is what lies behind door number two, is that we continue to improve our intelligent machines year after year after year.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m sau c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ed1 hai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh n\u0103m n\u00e0y qua n\u0103m kh\u00e1c.\n"}
{"en":"At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are, and once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves.\n","vi":"T\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi ch\u00fang ta s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.\n"}
{"en":"And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an \"intelligence explosion,\" that the process could get away from us.\n","vi":"Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Ij Good g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \"b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\" v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn xa ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"Now, this is often caricatured, as I have here, as a fear that armies of malicious robots will attack us.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 gi\u1edd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfm ho\u1ea1, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n robot \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"But that is n't the most likely scenario.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1ea5t.\n"}
{"en":"It's not that our machines will become spontaneously malevolent.\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c\n"}
{"en":"The concern is really that we will build machines that are so much more competent than we are that the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us.\n","vi":"M\u1ed1i lo th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ta th\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"Just think about how we relate to ants.\n","vi":"H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta lo\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn.\n"}
{"en":"We do n't hate them.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t ch\u00fang.\n"}
{"en":"In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.\n"}
{"en":"We step over them on the sidewalk.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc qua ch\u00fang tr\u00ean v\u1ec9a h\u00e8.\n"}
{"en":"But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, let's say when constructing a building like this one, we annihilate them without a qualm.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i khi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c k\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng lo l\u1eafng.\n"}
{"en":"The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they're conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta theo s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\n"}
{"en":"Now, I suspect this seems far - fetched to many of you.\n","vi":"B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb qu\u00e1 xa v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\n"}
{"en":"I bet there are those of you who doubt that superintelligent AI is possible, much less inevitable.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i c\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng AI si\u00eau th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.\n"}
{"en":"But then you must find something wrong with one of the following assumptions.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec1u sai v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh sau.\n"}
{"en":"And there are only three of them.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n"}
{"en":"Intelligence is a matter of information processing in physical systems.\n","vi":"Tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed.\n"}
{"en":"Actually, this is a little bit more than an assumption.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n"}
{"en":"We have already built narrow intelligence into our machines, and many of these machines perform at a level of superhuman intelligence already.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i, V\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i.\n"}
{"en":"And we know that mere matter can give rise to what is called \"general intelligence,\" an ability to think flexibly across multiple domains, because our brains have managed it.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho \"tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n,\" m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy ngh\u0129 linh ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u00fang ta qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"I mean, there's just atoms in here, and as long as we continue to build systems of atoms that display more and more intelligent behavior, we will eventually, unless we are interrupted, we will eventually build general intelligence into our machines.\n","vi":"\u00dd t\u00f4i l\u00e0, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng minh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd, tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\n"}
{"en":"It's crucial to realize that the rate of progress does n't matter, because any progress is enough to get us into the end zone.\n","vi":"C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c k\u1ebft th\u00fac.\n"}
{"en":"We do n't need Moore's law to continue.\n","vi":"Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.\n"}
{"en":"We do n't need exponential progress.\n","vi":"Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n.\n"}
{"en":"We just need to keep going.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i.\n"}
{"en":"The second assumption is that we will keep going.\n","vi":"Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i.\n"}
{"en":"We will continue to improve our intelligent machines.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\n"}
{"en":"And given the value of intelligence -- I mean, intelligence is either the source of everything we value or we need it to safeguard everything we value.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh - - \u00dd t\u00f4i l\u00e0, tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta coi tr\u1ecdng.\n"}
{"en":"It is our most valuable resource.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"So we want to do this.\n","vi":"V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"We have problems that we desperately need to solve.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"We want to cure diseases like Alzheimer's and cancer.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 Alzheimer hay ung th\u01b0.\n"}
{"en":"We want to understand economic systems.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf.\n"}
{"en":"We want to improve our climate science.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.\n"}
{"en":"So we will do this, if we can.\n","vi":"Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00f3 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.\n"}
{"en":"The train is already out of the station, and there's no brake to pull.\n","vi":"T\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o phanh n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"Finally, we do n't stand on a peak of intelligence, or anywhere near it, likely.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i: ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n n\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"And this really is the crucial insight.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng.\n"}
{"en":"This is what makes our situation so precarious, and this is what makes our intuitions about risk so unreliable.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin.\n"}
{"en":"Now, just consider the smartest person who has ever lived.\n","vi":"B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"On almost everyone's shortlist here is John von Neumann.\n","vi":"H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00ean John von Neumann.\n"}
{"en":"I mean, the impression that von Neumann made on the people around him, and this included the greatest mathematicians and physicists of his time, is fairly well - documented.\n","vi":"\u00dd t\u00f4i l\u00e0, \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 von Neumann t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t.\n"}
{"en":"If only half the stories about him are half true, there's no question he's one of the smartest people who has ever lived.\n","vi":"N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang 50%, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00e0n c\u00e3i \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"So consider the spectrum of intelligence.\n","vi":"V\u1eady h\u00e3y x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh.\n"}
{"en":"Here we have John von Neumann.\n","vi":"\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 John von Neumann.\n"}
{"en":"And then we have you and me.\n","vi":"Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"And then we have a chicken.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 con g\u00e0.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) Sorry, a chicken.\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) Xin l\u1ed7i, m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) There's no reason for me to make this talk more depressing than it needs to be.\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) Kh\u00f4ng l\u00ed do g\u00ec t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) It seems overwhelmingly likely, however, that the spectrum of intelligence extends much further than we currently conceive, and if we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely explore this spectrum in ways that we ca n't imagine, and exceed us in ways that we ca n't imagine.\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra xa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd khai ph\u00e1 d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa ch\u00fang ta theo c\u00e1ch ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\n"}
{"en":"And it's important to recognize that this is true by virtue of speed alone.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u00ednh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 mau l\u1eb9.\n"}
{"en":"So imagine if we just built a superintelligent AI that was no smarter than your average team of researchers at Stanford or MIT.\n","vi":"H\u00e3y c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ebfu ta t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t AI si\u00eau th\u00f4ng minh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf Stanford hay MIT.\n"}
{"en":"Well, electronic circuits function about a million times faster than biochemical ones, so this machine should think about a million times faster than the minds that built it.\n","vi":"V\u00e2ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch sinh ho\u00e1, n\u00ean c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 nhanh h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi tr\u00ed n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"So you set it running for a week, and it will perform 20,000 years of human - level intellectual work, week after week after week.\n","vi":"R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 20.000 n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y qua tu\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.\n"}
{"en":"How could we even understand, much less constrain, a mind making this sort of progress?\n","vi":"Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m sao ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u00f9 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u00f3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?\n"}
{"en":"The other thing that's worrying, frankly, is that, imagine the best case scenario.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng lo l\u1eafng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.\n"}
{"en":"So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns.\n","vi":"N\u00e0o h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho AI si\u00eau th\u00f4ng minh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n.\n"}
{"en":"We have the perfect design the first time around.\n","vi":"L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.\n"}
{"en":"It's as though we've been handed an oracle that behaves exactly as intended.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri x\u1ea3y ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 trong d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n"}
{"en":"Well, this machine would be the perfect labor - saving device.\n","vi":"V\u00e2ng, c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c.\n"}
{"en":"It can design the machine that can build the machine that can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u00edt h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u.\n"}
{"en":"So we're talking about the end of human drudgery.\n","vi":"V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac cho n\u1ed7i c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"We're also talking about the end of most intellectual work.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ed \u00f3c.\n"}
{"en":"So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?\n","vi":"V\u1eady lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y?\n"}
{"en":"Well, we'd be free to play Frisbee and give each other massages.\n","vi":"V\u00e2ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do ch\u01a1i Frisbee v\u00e0 nh\u1eafn tin v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"Add some LSD and some questionable wardrobe choices, and the whole world could be like Burning Man.\n","vi":"Th\u00eam v\u00e0i LSD v\u00e0 v\u00e0i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 \u1edf Burning Man.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) Now, that might sound pretty good, but ask yourself what would happen under our current economic and political order?\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nghe r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd?\n"}
{"en":"It seems likely that we would witness a level of wealth inequality and unemployment that we have never seen before.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.\n"}
{"en":"Absent a willingness to immediately put this new wealth to the service of all humanity, a few trillionaires could grace the covers of our business magazines while the rest of the world would be free to starve.\n","vi":"S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \"t\u1ef7 t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa\" \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c vinh danh tr\u00ean trang b\u00eca c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed kinh t\u1ebf trong khi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i\n"}
{"en":"And what would the Russians or the Chinese do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy a superintelligent AI?\n","vi":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi h\u1ecd nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty trong Thung l\u0169ng Silicon chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t AI si\u00eau th\u00f4ng minh?\n"}
{"en":"This machine would be capable of waging war, whether terrestrial or cyber, with unprecedented power.\n","vi":"C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh d\u00f9 cho tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t hay tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"This is a winner - take - all scenario.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh \"th\u1eafng l\u00e0m vua\".\n"}
{"en":"To be six months ahead of the competition here is to be 500,000 years ahead, at a minimum.\n","vi":"D\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ecb d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 500.000 n\u0103m, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1eady.\n"}
{"en":"So it seems that even mere rumors of this kind of breakthrough could cause our species to go berserk.\n","vi":"V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tin \u0111\u1ed3n cho ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 khi\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1u ti\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"Now, one of the most frightening things, in my view, at this moment, are the kinds of things that AI researchers say when they want to be reassuring.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 gi\u1edd, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t, theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 AI n\u00f3i khi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean t\u00e2m.\n"}
{"en":"And the most common reason we're told not to worry is time.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 l\u00ed do th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng.\n"}
{"en":"This is all a long way off, do n't you know.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i.\n"}
{"en":"This is probably 50 or 100 years away.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 50 hay 100 n\u0103m n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"One researcher has said, \"Worrying about AI safety is like worrying about overpopulation on Mars.\"\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \"lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a AI c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean sao Ho\u1ea3.\"\n"}
{"en":"This is the Silicon Valley version of \"do n't worry your pretty little head about it.\"\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Thung l\u0169ng Silicon v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \"\u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 n\u00f3.\"\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) No one seems to notice that referencing the time horizon is a total non sequitur.\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) C\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ea3 ai ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng xem x\u00e9t tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 c\u0103n c\u1ee9.\n"}
{"en":"If intelligence is just a matter of information processing, and we continue to improve our machines, we will produce some form of superintelligence.\n","vi":"N\u1ebfu tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a si\u00eau tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.\n"}
{"en":"And we have no idea how long it will take us to create the conditions to do that safely.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.\n"}
{"en":"Let me say that again.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"We have no idea how long it will take us to create the conditions to do that safely.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.\n"}
{"en":"And if you have n't noticed, 50 years is not what it used to be.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn ra, 50 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a\n"}
{"en":"This is 50 years in months.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 50 n\u0103m t\u00ednh theo nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng.\n"}
{"en":"This is how long we've had the iPhone.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra iPhone.\n"}
{"en":"This is how long \"The Simpsons\" has been on television.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \"Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Simpson\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean TV.\n"}
{"en":"Fifty years is not that much time to meet one of the greatest challenges our species will ever face.\n","vi":"50 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t.\n"}
{"en":"Once again, we seem to be failing to have an appropriate emotional response to what we have every reason to believe is coming.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.\n"}
{"en":"The computer scientist Stuart Russell has a nice analogy here.\n","vi":"Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Stuart Russell c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p lo\u1ea1i suy r\u1ea5t hay \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\n"}
{"en":"He said, imagine that we received a message from an alien civilization, which read: \"People of Earth, we will arrive on your planet in 50 years.\n","vi":"\u00d4ng n\u00f3i, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin nh\u1eafn t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh, ghi r\u1eb1ng: \"Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh tinh c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong 50 n\u0103m n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"Get ready. \"\n","vi":"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i. \"\n"}
{"en":"And now we're just counting down the months until the mothership lands?\n","vi":"V\u00e0 gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi phi thuy\u1ec1n m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng?\n"}
{"en":"We would feel a little more urgency than we do.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"Another reason we're told not to worry is that these machines ca n't help but share our values because they will be literally extensions of ourselves.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t l\u00ed do kh\u00e1c b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean lo l\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"They'll be grafted onto our brains, and we'll essentially become their limbic systems.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u00e3o ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\n"}
{"en":"Now take a moment to consider that the safest and only prudent path forward, recommended, is to implant this technology directly into our brains.\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u00e3o ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"Now, this may in fact be the safest and only prudent path forward, but usually one's safety concerns about a technology have to be pretty much worked out before you stick it inside your head.\n","vi":"Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec m\u1ed1i lo l\u1eafng an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00e1 k\u0129 c\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00ecnh.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) The deeper problem is that building superintelligent AI on its own seems likely to be easier than building superintelligent AI and having the completed neuroscience that allows us to seamlessly integrate our minds with it.\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t AI si\u00eau th\u00f4ng minh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 v\u1ebb d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t AI si\u00eau th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta ch\u00fang ta t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"And given that the companies and governments doing this work are likely to perceive themselves as being in a race against all others, given that to win this race is to win the world, provided you do n't destroy it in the next moment, then it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111ang trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\n"}
{"en":"Now, unfortunately, I do n't have a solution to this problem, apart from recommending that more of us think about it.\n","vi":"B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"I think we need something like a Manhattan Project on the topic of artificial intelligence.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Manhattan Project trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.\n"}
{"en":"Not to build it, because I think we'll inevitably do that, but to understand how to avoid an arms race and to build it in a way that is aligned with our interests.\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3, b\u1edfi t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"When you're talking about superintelligent AI that can make changes to itself, it seems that we only have one chance to get the initial conditions right, and even then we will need to absorb the economic and political consequences of getting them right.\n","vi":"Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 AI si\u00eau th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ta h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb khi l\u00e0m n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.\n"}
{"en":"But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, that some appropriate computational system is what the basis of intelligence is, and we admit that we will improve these systems continuously, and we admit that the horizon of cognition very likely far exceeds what we currently know, then we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t xa so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n.\n"}
{"en":"Now would be a good time to make sure it's a god we can live with.\n","vi":"B\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng chung\n"}
{"en":"We always hear that texting is a scourge.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tin nh\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1.\n"}
{"en":"The idea is that texting spells the decline and fall of any kind of serious literacy, or at least writing ability, among young people in the United States and now the whole world today.\n","vi":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eafn tin g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 suy y\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft, c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\n"}
{"en":"The fact of the matter is that it just is n't true, and it's easy to think that it is true, but in order to see it in another way, in order to see that actually texting is a miraculous thing, not just energetic, but a miraculous thing, a kind of emergent complexity that we're seeing happening right now, we have to pull the camera back for a bit and look at what language really is, in which case, one thing that we see is that texting is not writing at all.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eafn tin th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, v\u00e2ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 uy l\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd xem ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"What do I mean by that?\n","vi":"\u00dd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\n"}
{"en":"Basically, if we think about language, language has existed for perhaps 150,000 years, at least 80,000 years, and what it arose as is speech.\n","vi":"V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 150 ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee1 80 ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i.\n"}
{"en":"People talked. That's what we're probably genetically specified for.\n","vi":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o di truy\u1ec1n.\n"}
{"en":"That's how we use language most.\n","vi":"n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.\n"}
{"en":"Writing is something that came along much later, and as we saw in the last talk, there's a little bit of controversy as to exactly when that happened, but according to traditional estimates, if humanity had existed for 24 hours, then writing only came along at about 11:07 p.m.\n","vi":"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, theo nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd, th\u00ec vi\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 11h07 t\u1ed1i.\n"}
{"en":"That's how much of a latterly thing writing is.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra?\n"}
{"en":"So first there's speech, and then writing comes along as a kind of artifice.\n","vi":"Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 b\u1ecbp.\n"}
{"en":"Now do n't get me wrong, writing has certain advantages.\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i sai, vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n"}
{"en":"When you write, because it's a conscious process, because you can look backwards, you can do things with language that are much less likely if you're just talking.\n","vi":"Khi vi\u1ebft, do n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"For example, imagine a passage from Edward Gibbon's \"The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:\" \"The whole engagement lasted above twelve hours, till the graduate retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and the Surenas himself.\"\n","vi":"Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1eed h\u00ecnh dung \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n sau c\u1ee7a Edward Gibbon \"S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf La M\u00e3:\" \"Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 12 gi\u1edd, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00fat lui d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ba T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Surenas ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o\n"}
{"en":"That's beautiful, but let's face it, nobody talks that way.\n","vi":"L\u1eddi v\u0103n r\u1ea5t trau chu\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 xem, kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3.\n"}
{"en":"Or at least, they should n't if they're interested in reproducing.\n","vi":"Hay \u00edt ra, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"That -- (Laughter) is not the way any human being speaks casually.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y..., (Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"Casual speech is something quite different.\n","vi":"L\u1ed1i n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.\n"}
{"en":"Linguists have actually shown that when we're speaking casually in an unmonitored way, we tend to speak in word packets of maybe seven to 10 words.\n","vi":"Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 t\u1eeb.\n"}
{"en":"You'll notice this if you ever have occasion to record yourself or a group of people talking.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i.\n"}
{"en":"Speech is much looser.\n","vi":"L\u00fac n\u00f3i th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"It's much more telegraphic.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"It's much less reflective -- very different from writing.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"So we naturally tend to think, because we see language written so often, that that's what language is, but actually what language is, is speech.\n","vi":"V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft n\u00ean n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\n"}
{"en":"Now of course, as history has gone by, it's been natural for there to be a certain amount of bleed between speech and writing.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, khi th\u1eddi gian qua \u0111i, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"So, for example, in a distant era now, it was common when one gave a speech to basically talk like writing.\n","vi":"Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"So I mean the kind of speech that you see someone giving in an old movie where they clear their throat, and they go, \"Ahem, ladies and gentlemen,\" and then they speak in a certain way which has nothing to do with casual speech.\n","vi":"\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim c\u0169 khi h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ea5t gi\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 r\u1ea3o b\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i \"E h\u00e8m, th\u01b0a qu\u00fd \u00f4ng, qu\u00fd b\u00e0,\" theo m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.\n"}
{"en":"It's formal.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i trang tr\u1ecdng.\n"}
{"en":"It's basically talking like you write, and so, for example, we're thinking so much these days about Lincoln because of the movie.\n","vi":"V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 Lincoln th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim.\n"}
{"en":"The Gettysburg Address was not the main meal of that event.\n","vi":"Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gettysburg c\u1ee7a Lincoln ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"For two hours before that, Edward Everett spoke on a topic that, frankly, can not engage us today and barely did then.\n","vi":"Trong khi su\u1ed1t 2 gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi \u1ea5y Edward Everett \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.\n"}
{"en":"The point of it was to listen to him speaking like writing.\n","vi":"L\u00fd do l\u00e0 nghe \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"Ordinary people stood and listened to that for two hours.\n","vi":"\u1ea4y v\u1eady m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng im v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft trong su\u1ed1t 2 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.\n"}
{"en":"It was perfectly natural.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.\n"}
{"en":"That's what people did then, speaking like writing.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m, n\u00f3i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"Well, if you can speak like writing, then logically it follows that you might want to also sometimes write like you speak.\n","vi":"\u00c0, v\u1eady n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd th\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng vi\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi n\u00f3i.\n"}
{"en":"It's almost impossible to do that with your hand except in shorthand, and then communication is limited.\n","vi":"G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tay ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1c k\u00fd, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"On a manual typewriter it was very difficult, and even when we had electric typewriters, or then computer keyboards, the fact is that even if you can type easily enough to keep up with the pace of speech, more or less, you have to have somebody who can receive your message quickly.\n","vi":"Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ngay khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh, k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i hay kh\u00f4ng, d\u00f9 \u00edt d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"Once you have things in your pocket that can receive that message, then you have the conditions that allow that we can write like we speak.\n","vi":"Khi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u1ee9 lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u1edf trong t\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 ra nh\u01b0 khi ta n\u00f3i v\u1eady.\n"}
{"en":"And that's where texting comes in.\n","vi":"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"And so, texting is very loose in its structure.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t.\n"}
{"en":"No one thinks about capital letters or punctuation when one texts, but then again, do you think about those things when you talk?\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft hoa hay l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u trong khi so\u1ea1n tin nh\u1eafn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, c\u00f3 ai ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y khi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng?\n"}
{"en":"No, and so therefore why would you when you were texting?\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n nh\u1eafn tin?\n"}
{"en":"Now we can write the way we talk.\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i.\n"}
{"en":"And it's a very interesting thing, but nevertheless easy to think that still it represents some sort of decline.\n","vi":"Th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2y, tuy nhi\u00ean gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.\n"}
{"en":"We see this general bagginess of the structure, the lack of concern with rules and the way that we're used to learning on the blackboard, and so we think that something has gone wrong.\n","vi":"Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebdo c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc vi\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf ta ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 sai r\u1ed3i.\n"}
{"en":"It's a very natural sense.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"But the fact of the matter is that what is going on is a kind of emergent complexity.\n","vi":"Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i.\n"}
{"en":"That's what we're seeing in this fingered speech.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00e1i ta \u0111ang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"And in order to understand it, what we want to see is the way, in this new kind of language, there is new structure coming up.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ta c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u.\n"}
{"en":"And so, for example, there is in texting a convention, which is LOL.\n","vi":"X\u00e9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 LOL.\n"}
{"en":"Now LOL, we generally think of as meaning \"laughing out loud.\"\n","vi":"V\u00e2ng LOL, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \"laughing out loud\" (c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103n l\u1ed9n).\n"}
{"en":"And of course, theoretically, it does, and if you look at older texts, then people used it to actually indicate laughing out loud.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, n\u00f3 mang ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u1eadt l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u1eeb c\u0169, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh \u00fd ngh\u0129a \"laughing out loud\" (c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103n l\u1ed9n).\n"}
{"en":"But if you text now, or if you are someone who is aware of the substrate of texting the way it's become, you'll notice that LOL does not mean laughing out loud anymore.\n","vi":"Tuy nhi\u00ean b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tin nh\u1eafn, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 LOL gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mang ngh\u0129a \"laughing out loud\" n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"It's evolved into something that is much subtler.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng.\n"}
{"en":"This is an actual text that was done by a non-male person of about 20 years old not too long ago.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i ch\u1eebng 20 tu\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u.\n"}
{"en":"\"I love the font you're using, btw.\"\n","vi":"\"nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, t\u00f4i th\u00edch c\u00e1i ph\u00f4ng ch\u1eef m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3.\"\n"}
{"en":"Julie: \"lol thanks gmail is being slow right now\" Now if you think about it, that's not funny.\n","vi":"Julie: \"lol c\u1ea3m \u01a1n nh\u00e9, gmail hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd ch\u1ea1y ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1\" Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, th\u00ec ch\u1ea3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec vui c\u1ea3.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) And yet, there it is, so you assume there's been some kind of hiccup.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec, b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\n"}
{"en":"So Julie says, \"I just sent you an email.\"\n","vi":"R\u1ed3i Julie ti\u1ebfp: \"M\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u1eeba g\u1eedi email cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3\"\n"}
{"en":"Susan: \"lol, I see it.\"\n","vi":"Susan l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp: \"lol, m\u00ecnh xem r\u1ed3i\"\n"}
{"en":"Very funny people, if that's what LOL means.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ebfu l\u00e2m, v\u1eady LOL c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y?\n"}
{"en":"This Julie says, \"So what's up?\"\n","vi":"R\u1ed3i Julie n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \"M\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec th\u1ebf?\"\n"}
{"en":"Susan: \"lol, I have to write a 10 page paper.\"\n","vi":"Susan tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \"lol, m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn 10 trang gi\u1ea5y.\"\n"}
{"en":"She's not amused.\n","vi":"V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng vui.\n"}
{"en":"Let's think about it.\n","vi":"H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"LOL is being used in a very particular way.\n","vi":"LOL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.\n"}
{"en":"It's a marker of empathy.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn.\n"}
{"en":"It's a marker of accommodation. We linguists call things like that pragmatic particles.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng.\n"}
{"en":"Any spoken language that's used by real people has them.\n","vi":"B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"If you happen to speak Japanese, think about that little word \"ne\" that you use at the end of a lot of sentences.\n","vi":"N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt, ngh\u0129 xem v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \"ne\" \u1edf cu\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u.\n"}
{"en":"If you listen to the way black youth today speak, think about the use of the word \"yo.\"\n","vi":"N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd l\u1eafng nghe gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb da \u0111en n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay, h\u00e3y xem c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \"yo\".\n"}
{"en":"Whole dissertations could be written about it, and probably are being written about it.\n","vi":"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"A pragmatic particle, that's what LOL has gradually become.\n","vi":"LOL \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"It's a way of using the language between actual people.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.\n"}
{"en":"Another example is \"slash.\"\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb \"slash\"\n"}
{"en":"Now, we can use slash in the way that we're used to, along the lines of, \"We're going to have a party - slash - networking session.\"\n","vi":"B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \"slash\" theo c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng, trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \"Ch\u00fang ta s\u1eafp \u0111i d\u1ef1 b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c - th\u1eadt r\u00f5 l\u00e0 (slash) - m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7\"\n"}
{"en":"That's kind of like what we're at.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn hay d\u00f9ng.\n"}
{"en":"Slash is used in a very different way in texting among young people today.\n","vi":"\"Slash\" b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1n g\u1eabu c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay.\n"}
{"en":"It's used to change the scene.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.\n"}
{"en":"So for example, this Sally person says, \"So I need to find people to chill with\" and Jake says, \"Haha\" -- you could write a dissertation about \"Haha\" too, but we do n't have time for that - \"Haha so you're going by yourself?\n","vi":"Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Sally n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \"M\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh\" r\u1ed3i Jake tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \"Haha\" b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \"haha\", nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \"Haha b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eady \u00e0?\"\n"}
{"en":"Sally: \"For this summer program at NYU.\"\n","vi":"Sally ti\u1ebfp l\u1eddi: \"Cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng NYU.\"\n"}
{"en":"Slash I'm watching this video with suns players trying to shoot with one eye. \"\n","vi":"Th\u00f4i b\u1ecf qua \u0111i (Slash) m\u00ecnh \u0111ang xem \u0111o\u1ea1n phim v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn binh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi - \u0111ang c\u1ed1 b\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 1 m\u1eaft. \"\n"}
{"en":"I do n't really even know what Jake is talking about after that, but you notice that he's changing the topic.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Jake ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 c\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i.\n"}
{"en":"Now that seems kind of mundane, but think about how in real life, if we're having a conversation and we want to change the topic, there are ways of doing it gracefully.\n","vi":"Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb cho l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed ngh\u0129 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xem sao, n\u1ebfu ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i trang tr\u1ecdng.\n"}
{"en":"You do n't just zip right into it.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"You'll pat your thighs and look wistfully off into the distance, or you'll say something like, \"Hmm, makes you think --\" when it really did n't, but what you're really -- (Laughter) - what you're really trying to do is change the topic.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f9i b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn xa x\u0103m v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, \"Hmm, ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 xem - -\" n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 xem c\u1eadu k\u00eca - - (Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi) - \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.\n"}
{"en":"You ca n't do that while you're texting, and so ways are developing of doing it within this medium.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf trong khi vi\u1ebft tin nh\u1eafn hay t\u00e1n g\u1eabu qua m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng? v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\n"}
{"en":"All spoken languages have what a linguist calls a new information marker -- or two, or three.\n","vi":"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 mang m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ng\u1ecdc v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c 2 hay 3.\n"}
{"en":"So we have a whole battery of new constructions that are developing, and yet it's easy to think, well, something is still wrong.\n","vi":"V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi that are developing, and yet it 's easy to think, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ngh\u0129 ra \u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\n"}
{"en":"There's a lack of structure of some sort.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7.\n"}
{"en":"It's not as sophisticated as the language of The Wall Street Journal.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u00e1o Wall Street.\n"}
{"en":"Well, the fact of the matter is, look at this person in 1956, and this is when texting does n't exist, \"I Love Lucy\" is still on the air.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? xin h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac tin nh\u1eafn ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, V\u00e0 s\u00ea - ri phim ng\u1eafn \"I love Lucy\" \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu.\n"}
{"en":"\"Many do not know the alphabet or multiplication table, can not write grammatically --\" We've heard that sort of thing before, not just in 1956.\n","vi":"\"Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i hay b\u1ea3ng c\u1eedu ch\u01b0\u01a1ng,\" th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p - - \"Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nghe nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u0103m 1956.\n"}
{"en":"1917, Connecticut schoolteacher. 1917.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1917, t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng Connecticut.\n"}
{"en":"This is the time when we all assume that everything somehow in terms of writing was perfect because the people on \"Downton Abbey\" are articulate, or something like that.\n","vi":"L\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \"khu nh\u00e0 Downton\" \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c 1 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\n"}
{"en":"So, \"From every college in the country goes up the cry, 'Our freshmen ca n't spell, ca n't punctuate.'\" And so on. You can go even further back than this.\n","vi":"Xin ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i, \"T\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i l\u00ean t\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft,\" Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \"V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"It's the President of Harvard. It's 1871.\n","vi":"V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1871, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Harvard \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.\n"}
{"en":"There's no electricity.\n","vi":"L\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n.\n"}
{"en":"\"Bad spelling, incorrectness as well as inelegance of expression in writing.\"\n","vi":"\"\u0110\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n th\u00ec t\u1ec7, v\u00e0 sai nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u00ec t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t.\"\n"}
{"en":"And he's talking about people who are otherwise well prepared for college studies.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.\n"}
{"en":"You can go even further back.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.\n"}
{"en":"1841, some long - lost superintendent of schools is upset because of what he has for a long time \"noted with regret the almost entire neglect of the original\" blah blah blah blah blah.\n","vi":"N\u0103m 1841, v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea5p \u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \"th\u1eadt ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf b\u00ea ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\" bla, bla, bla,...\n"}
{"en":"Or you can go all the way back to 63 A.D. -- (Laughter) -- and there's this poor man who does n't like the way people are speaking Latin.\n","vi":"Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 63 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Latin.\n"}
{"en":"As it happens, he was writing about what had become French.\n","vi":"Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, anh ta \u0111ang vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.\n"}
{"en":"And so, there are always - (Laughter) (Applause) - there are always people worrying about these things and the planet somehow seems to keep spinning.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5y, n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, (Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1eddi) (V\u1ed7 tay) lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn quay.\n"}
{"en":"And so, the way I'm thinking of texting these days is that what we're seeing is a whole new way of writing that young people are developing, which they're using alongside their ordinary writing skills, and that means that they're able to do two things.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 tin nh\u1eafn ng\u00e0y nay qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5y. c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"That's also true of being bidialectal.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef.\n"}
{"en":"That's certainly true of being bidialectal in terms of your writing.\n","vi":"Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 02 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\n"}
{"en":"And so texting actually is evidence of a balancing act that young people are using today, not consciously, of course, but it's an expansion of their linguistic repertoire.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eafn tin th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111ang d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n nay, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\n"}
{"en":"If somebody from 1973 looked at what was on a dormitory message board in 1993, the slang would have changed a little bit since the era of \"Love Story,\" but they would understand what was on that message board.\n","vi":"N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1973 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tin k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1993, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb l\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \"Love Story,\" nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng tin.\n"}
{"en":"Take that person from 1993 -- not that long ago, this is \"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\" -- those people.\n","vi":"\u0110\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1993 - - c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \"Cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u k\u1ef3 th\u00fa c\u1ee7a Bill v\u00e0 Ted\"\n"}
{"en":"Take those people and they read a very typical text written by a 20 - year - old today.\n","vi":"\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eefn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00f4i m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y nay.\n"}
{"en":"Often they would have no idea what half of it meant because a whole new language has developed among our young people doing something as mundane as what it looks like to us when they're batting around on their little devices.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 manh nha \u1edf th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn hay b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c qua nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 [\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng].\n"}
{"en":"So in closing, if I could go into the future, if I could go into 2033, the first thing I would ask is whether David Simon had done a sequel to \"The Wire.\"\n","vi":"Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2033, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n David Simon c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \"The Wire\" hay kh\u00f4ng.\n"}
{"en":"And - I really would ask that - and then I'd want to know actually what was going on on \"Downton Abbey.\"\n","vi":"Ti\u1ebfp theo - t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft - - di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a x\u00ea - ri truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \"Downton Abbey\".\n"}
{"en":"That'd be the second thing.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 2.\n"}
{"en":"And then the third thing would be, please show me a sheaf of texts written by 16 - year - old girls, because I would want to know where this language had developed since our times, and ideally I would then send them back to you and me now so we could examine this linguistic miracle happening right under our noses.\n","vi":"Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0, xin h\u00e3y cho t\u00f4i xem nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i 16 tu\u1ed5i vi\u1ebft ra, b\u1edf v\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ed3i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n xem \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ngay \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"Thank you very much.\n","vi":"C\u1ea3m \u01a1n qu\u00fd v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\n"}
{"en":"(Applause) Thank you. (Applause)\n","vi":"(V\u1ed7 tay) C\u1ea3m \u01a1n. (v\u1ed7 tay).\n"}
{"en":"This is an ambucycle.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng\n"}
{"en":"This is the fastest way to reach any medical emergency.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o.\n"}
{"en":"It has everything an ambulance has except for a bed.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng.\n"}
{"en":"You see the defibrillator.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00e1y k\u00edch tim.\n"}
{"en":"You see the equipment.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.\n"}
{"en":"We all saw the tragedy that happened in Boston.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Boston.\n"}
{"en":"When I was looking at these pictures, it brought me back many years to my past when I was a child.\n","vi":"Khi t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.\n"}
{"en":"I grew up in a small neighborhood in Jerusalem.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 nh\u1ecf \u1edf Jerusalem.\n"}
{"en":"When I was six years old, I was walking back from school on a Friday afternoon with my older brother.\n","vi":"Khi t\u00f4i 6 tu\u1ed5i, l\u00fac \u0111ang \u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 6 v\u1edbi anh trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\n"}
{"en":"We were passing by a bus stop.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m xe bu\u00fdt.\n"}
{"en":"We saw a bus blow up in front of our eyes.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt b\u1ed1c ho\u1ea3 ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh.\n"}
{"en":"The bus was on fire, and many people were hurt and killed.\n","vi":"Xe bu\u00fdt b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong.\n"}
{"en":"I remembered an old man yelling to us and crying to help us get him up.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i nh\u1edb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e9t l\u00ean v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3c xin ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady.\n"}
{"en":"He just needed someone helping him.\n","vi":"\u00d4ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ai \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh.\n"}
{"en":"We were so scared and we just ran away.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111i.\n"}
{"en":"Growing up, I decided I wanted to become a doctor and save lives.\n","vi":"L\u1edbn l\u00ean, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"Maybe that was because of what I saw when I was a child.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.\n"}
{"en":"When I was 15, I took an EMT course, and I went to volunteer on an ambulance.\n","vi":"Khi t\u00f4i 15 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1 EMT (Emergency Medical Technician - K\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u y t\u1ebf) v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng.\n"}
{"en":"For two years, I volunteered on an ambulance in Jerusalem.\n","vi":"Trong v\u00f2ng 2 n\u0103m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean tr\u00ean xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Jerusalem.\n"}
{"en":"I helped many people, but whenever someone really needed help, I never got there in time.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, T\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ecbp l\u00fac.\n"}
{"en":"We never got there.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"The traffic is so bad.\n","vi":"Giao th\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7.\n"}
{"en":"The distance, and everything.\n","vi":"Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c.\n"}
{"en":"We never got there when somebody really needed us.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 ngay khi c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n.\n"}
{"en":"One day, we received a call about a seven - year - old child choking from a hot dog.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 7 tu\u1ed5i b\u1ecb ngh\u1eb9n b\u00e1nh hot dog.\n"}
{"en":"Traffic was horrific, and we were coming from the other side of town in the north part of Jerusalem.\n","vi":"Giao th\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Jerusalem.\n"}
{"en":"When we got there, 20 minutes later, we started CPR on the kid.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 sau 20 ph\u00fat, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.\n"}
{"en":"A doctor comes in from a block away, stop us, checks the kid, and tells us to stop CPR.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb khu ph\u1ed1 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, ng\u0103n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ng\u1eebng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.\n"}
{"en":"That second he declared this child dead.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u00f4ng ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"At that moment, I understood that this child died for nothing.\n","vi":"V\u00e0o gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec l\u00ed do g\u00ec c\u1ea3.\n"}
{"en":"If this doctor, who lived one block away from there, would have come 20 minutes earlier, not have to wait until that siren he heard before coming from the ambulance, if he would have heard about it way before, he would have saved this child.\n","vi":"N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00e0y, s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i s\u1edbm h\u01a1n 20 ph\u00fat, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1edbi l\u00fac nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i c\u1ee7a xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng \u1ea5y nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.\n"}
{"en":"He could have run from a block away.\n","vi":"\u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb d\u00e3y nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 sang.\n"}
{"en":"He could have saved this child.\n","vi":"\u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.\n"}
{"en":"I said to myself, there must be a better way.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"Together with 15 of my friends -- we were all EMTs - we decided, let's protect our neighborhood, so when something like that happens again, we will be there running to the scene a lot before the ambulance.\n","vi":"C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 15 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e3y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng.\n"}
{"en":"So I went over to the manager of the ambulance company and I told him, \"Please, whenever you have a call coming into our neighborhood, we have 15 great guys who are willing to stop everything they're doing and run and save lives.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta r\u1eb1ng: \"L\u00e0m \u01a1n, m\u1ed7i khi anh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 15 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u1eebng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng.\n"}
{"en":"Just alert us by beeper.\n","vi":"Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y g\u1ecdi.\n"}
{"en":"We'll buy these beepers, just tell your dispatch to send us the beeper, and we will run and save lives. \"\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd mua nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u1eedi cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y g\u1ecdi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \".\n"}
{"en":"Well, he was laughing.\n","vi":"\u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"I was 17 years old.\n","vi":"L\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u00f4i m\u1edbi 17 tu\u1ed5i.\n"}
{"en":"I was a kid.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.\n"}
{"en":"And he said to me - I remember this like yesterday - he was a great guy, but he said to me, \"Kid, go to school, or go open a falafel stand.\n","vi":"\u00d4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi t\u00f4i - t\u00f4i nh\u1edb r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua v\u1eady. \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, \"Nh\u00f3c, \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u0111i ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7y b\u00e1n falafel (t\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n)\n"}
{"en":"We're not really interested in these kinds of new adventures.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i phi\u00eau l\u01b0u m\u1edbi th\u1ebf n\u00e0y\n"}
{"en":"We're not interested in your help. \"\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu \".\n"}
{"en":"And he threw me out of the room.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1eb3ng t\u00f4i ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng.\n"}
{"en":"\"I do n't need your help,\" he said.\n","vi":"\"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu\", \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i.\n"}
{"en":"I was a very stubborn kid.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb r\u1ea5t b\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec9nh.\n"}
{"en":"As you see now, I'm walking around like crazy, meshugenah.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5y, t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111i nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u00ean.\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) (Applause) So I decided to use the Israeli very famous technique you've probably all heard of, chutzpah. (Laughter) And the next day, I went and I bought two police scanners, and I said, \"The hell with you, if you do n't want to give me information, I'll get the information myself.\"\n","vi":"(C\u01b0\u1eddi) (V\u1ed7 tay) V\u00ec th\u1ec3 n\u00ean t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Israel ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghe qua, k\u00e8n chutzpah (C\u01b0\u1eddi) V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp theo, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 mua 2 c\u00e1i m\u00e1y scan c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i \"Qu\u1ef7 tha ma b\u1eaft, n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho t\u00f4i th\u00f4ng tin, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm th\u00f4ng tin.\"\n"}
{"en":"And we did turns, who's going to listen to the radio scanners.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thay phi\u00ean nhau l\u1eafng nghe radio v\u00e0 m\u00e1y scan.\n"}
{"en":"The next day, while I was listening to the scanners, I heard about a call coming in of a 70 - year - old man hurt by a car only one block away from me on the main street of my neighborhood.\n","vi":"H\u00f4m sau, trong l\u00fac t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u1eafng nghe m\u00e1y scan, T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c goi b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng c\u1ee5 70 tu\u1ed5i b\u1ecb xe t\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t khu nh\u00e0 tr\u00ean con ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u1edf.\n"}
{"en":"I ran there by foot.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"I had no medical equipment.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf n\u00e0o.\n"}
{"en":"When I got there, the 70 - year - old man was lying on the floor, blood was gushing out of his neck.\n","vi":"Khi t\u00f4i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i, \u00f4ng c\u1ee5 70 tu\u1ed5i \u0111ang n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean s\u00e0n nh\u00e0, m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"I knew I had to stop his bleeding or else he would die.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"I took off my yarmulke, because I had no medical equipment, and with a lot of pressure, I stopped his bleeding.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i c\u1edfi b\u1ecf m\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, t\u00f4i c\u1ea7m m\u00e1u cho \u00f4ng \u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"He was bleeding from his neck.\n","vi":"\u00d4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u t\u1eeb c\u1ed5.\n"}
{"en":"When the ambulance arrived 15 minutes later, I gave them over a patient who was alive.\n","vi":"Khi xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o 15 ph\u00fat sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng.\n"}
{"en":"(Applause) When I went to visit him two days later, he gave me a hug and was crying and thanking me for saving his life.\n","vi":"(V\u1ed7 tay) Khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u00f4ng hai ng\u00e0y sau, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u00f4m t\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n t\u00f4i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1ng \u00f4ng.\n"}
{"en":"At that moment, when I realized this is the first person I ever saved in my life after two years volunteering in an ambulance, I knew this is my life's mission.\n","vi":"V\u00e0o gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh sau hai n\u0103m t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.\n"}
{"en":"So today, 22 years later, we have United Hatzalah.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay, 22 n\u0103m sau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 United Hatzalah.\n"}
{"en":"(Applause) \"Hatzalah\" means \"rescue,\" for all of you who do n't know Hebrew.\n","vi":"(V\u1ed7 tay) Cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Hebrew, \"Hatzalah\" c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \"c\u1ee9u\"\n"}
{"en":"I forgot I'm not in Israel.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u1edf Israel.\n"}
{"en":"So we have thousands of volunteers who are passionate about saving lives, and they're spread all around, so whenever a call comes in, they just stop everything and go and run and save a life.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, n\u00ean khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1eebng m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd l\u00e0m, ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"Our average response time today went down to less than three minutes in Israel.\n","vi":"Ng\u00e0y nay th\u1eddi gian trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt h\u01a1n 3 ph\u00fat \u1edf Israel.\n"}
{"en":"(Applause) I'm talking about heart attacks, I'm talking about car accidents, God forbid bomb attacks, shootings, whatever it is, even a woman 3 o'clock in the morning falling in her home and needs someone to help her.\n","vi":"(V\u1ed7 tay) T\u00f4i \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111au tim, T\u00f4i \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tai n\u1ea1n \u00f4 t\u00f4, C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh bom, n\u1ed5 s\u00fang, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0o l\u00fac 3h s\u00e1ng t\u00e9 ng\u00e3 trong nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ai \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.\n"}
{"en":"Three minutes, we'll have a guy with his pajamas running to her house and helping her get up.\n","vi":"Ba ph\u00fat, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng trai trong b\u1ed9 pajamas ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady.\n"}
{"en":"The reasons why we're so successful are because of three things.\n","vi":"L\u00ed do khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u.\n"}
{"en":"Thousands of passionate volunteers who will leave everything they do and run to help people they do n't even know.\n","vi":"H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 quen bi\u1ebft.\n"}
{"en":"We're not there to replace ambulances.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng.\n"}
{"en":"We're just there to get the gap between the ambulance call until they arrive.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong l\u00fac ch\u1edd xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi.\n"}
{"en":"And we save people that otherwise would not be saved.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"The second reason is because of our technology.\n","vi":"L\u00ed do th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\n"}
{"en":"You know, Israelis are good in technology.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.\n"}
{"en":"Every one of us has on his phone, no matter what kind of phone, a GPS technology done by NowForce, and whenever a call comes in, the closest five volunteers get the call, and they actually get there really quick, and navigated by a traffic navigator to get there and not waste time.\n","vi":"M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i g\u00ec, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GPS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi NowForce, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn, 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhanh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian.\n"}
{"en":"And this is a great technology we use all over the country and reduce the response time.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"And the third thing are these ambucycles.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"These ambucycles are an ambulance on two wheels.\n","vi":"Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng hai b\u00e1nh.\n"}
{"en":"We do n't transfer people, but we stabilize them, and we save their lives.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecd.\n"}
{"en":"They could even go on a sidewalk.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1edbt \u0111i tr\u00ean v\u1ec9a h\u00e8.\n"}
{"en":"They never, literally, get stuck in traffic.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00f9n t\u1eafc.\n"}
{"en":"That's why we get there so fast.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhanh.\n"}
{"en":"A few years after I started this organization, in a Jewish community, two Muslims from east Jerusalem called me up.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Do th\u00e1i, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng Jerusalem \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi cho t\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"They ask me to meet.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t.\n"}
{"en":"They wanted to meet with me.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"Muhammad Asli and Murad Alyan.\n","vi":"Muhammad Asli v\u00e0 Murad Alyan.\n"}
{"en":"When Muhammad told me his personal story, how his father, 55 years old, collapsed at home, had a cardiac arrest, and it took over an hour for an ambulance arrive, and he saw his father die in front of his eyes, he asked me, \"Please start this in east Jerusalem.\"\n","vi":"Khi Muhammad k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu \u1ea5y cho t\u00f4i nghe, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cha c\u1eadu \u1ea5y, 55 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 \u1edf nh\u00e0 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 \u0111au tim, v\u00e0 xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd m\u1edbi t\u1edbi n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 c\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn cha m\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh, c\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u00f4i \"Xin h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Jerusalem\"\n"}
{"en":"I said to myself, I saw so much tragedy, so much hate, and it's not about saving Jews.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi k\u1ecbch, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi do th\u00e1i.\n"}
{"en":"It's not about saving Muslims.\n","vi":"Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i.\n"}
{"en":"It's not about saving Christians.\n","vi":"C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u00ean ch\u00faa.\n"}
{"en":"It's about saving people.\n","vi":"C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"So I went ahead, full force -- (Applause) - and I started United Hatzalah in east Jerusalem, and that's why the names United and Hatzalah match so well.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c (V\u1ed7 tay) v\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1eadp ra United Hatzalah \u1edf \u0111\u00f4ng Jerusalem, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u1eeb United v\u00e0 Hatzalah l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p nhau \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady.\n"}
{"en":"We started hand in hand saving Jews and Arabs.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng nhau c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp,\n"}
{"en":"Arabs were saving Jews.\n","vi":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i.\n"}
{"en":"Jews were saving Arabs.\n","vi":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp.\n"}
{"en":"Arabs and Jews, they do n't always get along together, but here in this situation, the communities, literally, it's an unbelievable situation that happened, the diversities, all of a sudden they had a common interest: Let's save lives together.\n","vi":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a nhau, nh\u01b0ng trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m: H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng,\n"}
{"en":"It's an unbelievable concept that could work only when you have such a great cause.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"And these are all volunteers.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean.\n"}
{"en":"No one is getting money.\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n.\n"}
{"en":"They're all doing it for the purpose of saving lives.\n","vi":"H\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"When my own father collapsed a few years ago from a cardiac arrest, one of the first volunteers to arrive to save my father was one of these Muslim volunteers from east Jerusalem who was in the first course to join Hatzalah.\n","vi":"Khi b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 v\u00e0i n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u0111au tim, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i t\u1eeb Ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Jerusalem m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gia nh\u1eadp Hatzalah.\n"}
{"en":"And he saved my father.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 c\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"Could you imagine how I felt in that moment?\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?\n"}
{"en":"When I started this organization, I was 17 years old.\n","vi":"Khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi 17 tu\u1ed5i.\n"}
{"en":"I never imagined that one day I'd be speaking at TEDMED.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf TEDMED.\n"}
{"en":"I never even knew what TEDMED was then.\n","vi":"Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft TEDMED l\u00e0 g\u00ec.\n"}
{"en":"I do n't think it existed, but I never imagined, I never imagined that it's going to go all around, it's going to spread around, and this last year we started in Panama and Brazil.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, lan to\u1ea3 t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Panama v\u00e0 Brazil.\n"}
{"en":"All I need is a partner who is a little meshugenah like me, passionate about saving lives, and willing to do it.\n","vi":"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1i \u0111i\u00ean nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"And I'm actually starting it in India very soon with a friend who I met in Harvard just a while back.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u1edf Harvard m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\n"}
{"en":"Hatzalah actually started in Brooklyn by a Hasidic Jew years before us in Williamsburg, and now it's all over the Jewish community in New York, even Australia and Mexico and many other Jewish communities.\n","vi":"Hatzalah th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Brooklyn b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i Hasidic v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Williamsburg, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf New York, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf \u00dac, Mexico v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.\n"}
{"en":"But it could spread everywhere.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan to\u1ea3 ra kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i.\n"}
{"en":"It's very easy to adopt.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.\n"}
{"en":"You even saw these volunteers in New York saving lives in the World Trade Center.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i New York ra s\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\n"}
{"en":"Last year alone, we treated in Israel 207,000 people.\n","vi":"Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho 207,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Israel.\n"}
{"en":"Forty - two thousand of them were life - threatening situations.\n","vi":"B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111e do\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng.\n"}
{"en":"And we made a difference.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.\n"}
{"en":"I guess you could call this a lifesaving flash mob, and it works.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\n"}
{"en":"When I look all around here, I see lots of people who would go an extra mile, run an extra mile to save other people, no matter who they are, no matter what religion, no matter who, where they come from.\n","vi":"Khi t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn quanh \u0111\u00e2y T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m, ch\u1ea1y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o, ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u.\n"}
{"en":"We all want to be heroes.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh anh h\u00f9ng.\n"}
{"en":"We just need a good idea, motivation and lots of chutzpah, and we could save millions of people that otherwise would not be saved.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa k\u1ecbp.\n"}
{"en":"So, well, I do applied math, and this is a peculiar problem for anyone who does applied math, is that we are like management consultants.\n","vi":"V\u00e2ng, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai l\u00e0m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.\n"}
{"en":"No one knows what the hell we do.\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i qu\u00e1i g\u00ec.\n"}
{"en":"So I am going to give you some -- attempt today to try and explain to you what I do.\n","vi":"V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1eed c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho b\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i l\u00e0m.\n"}
{"en":"So, dancing is one of the most human of activities.\n","vi":"V\u00e2ng, nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m\n"}
{"en":"We delight at ballet virtuosos and tap dancers you will see later on.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u1eefng v\u0169 c\u00f4ng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 Ba L\u00ea v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea3y g\u00f5 ch\u00e2n b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y sau \u0111\u00e2y.\n"}
{"en":"Now, ballet requires an extraordinary level of expertise and a high level of skill, and probably a level of initial suitability that may well have a genetic component to it.\n","vi":"M\u00faa ba l\u00ea \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n.\n"}
{"en":"Now, sadly, neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease gradually destroy this extraordinary ability, as it is doing to my friend Jan Stripling, who was a virtuoso ballet dancer in his time.\n","vi":"Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh Parkinson d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i Jan Stripling, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ba l\u00ea b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y.\n"}
{"en":"So great progress and treatment has been made over the years.\n","vi":"Trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 to l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.\n"}
{"en":"However, there are 6.3 million people worldwide who have the disease, and they have to live with incurable weakness, tremor, rigidity and the other symptoms that go along with the disease, so what we need are objective tools to detect the disease before it's too late.\n","vi":"Tuy nhi\u00ean, 6.3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, run r\u1ea9y, x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1ec7nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n.\n"}
{"en":"We need to be able to measure progression objectively, and ultimately, the only way we're going to know when we actually have a cure is when we have an objective measure that can answer that for sure.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.\n"}
{"en":"But frustratingly, with Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders, there are no biomarkers, so there's no simple blood test that you can do, and the best that we have is like this 20 - minute neurologist test.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh Parkinson v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"You have to go to the clinic to do it.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"It's very, very costly, and that means that, outside the clinical trials, it's just never done.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, N\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.\n"}
{"en":"But what if patients could do this test at home?\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u00ec sao?\n"}
{"en":"Now, that would actually save on a difficult trip to the clinic, and what if patients could do that test themselves, right?\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u1eefa, th\u00ec sao?\n"}
{"en":"No expensive staff time required.\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gi\u1edd v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.\n"}
{"en":"Takes about $300, by the way, in the neurologist's clinic to do it.\n","vi":"Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng $300 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m B\u00e1c S\u1ef9 chuy\u00ean khoa th\u1ea7n kinh\n"}
{"en":"So what I want to propose to you as an unconventional way in which we can try to achieve this, because, you see, in one sense, at least, we are all virtuosos like my friend Jan Stripling.\n","vi":"V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qua \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 Jan Stripling b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i.\n"}
{"en":"So here we have a video of the vibrating vocal folds.\n","vi":"\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n phim c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e2y thanh qu\u1ea3n \u0111ang rung\n"}
{"en":"Now, this is healthy and this is somebody making speech sounds, and we can think of ourselves as vocal ballet dancers, because we have to coordinate all of these vocal organs when we make sounds, and we all actually have the genes for it.\n","vi":"gi\u00e2y thanh qu\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u0169 c\u00f4ng ba l\u00ea thanh nh\u1ea1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t \u00e2m khi t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gen \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"FoxP2, for example.\n","vi":"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 FoxP2.\n"}
{"en":"And like ballet, it takes an extraordinary level of training.\n","vi":"Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ba l\u00ea n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.\n"}
{"en":"I mean, just think how long it takes a child to learn to speak.\n","vi":"\u00dd t\u00f4i l\u00e0, th\u1eed ngh\u0129 m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb t\u1eadp n\u00f3i.\n"}
{"en":"From the sound, we can actually track the vocal fold position as it vibrates, and just as the limbs are affected in Parkinson's, so too are the vocal organs.\n","vi":"T\u1eeb \u00e2m thanh, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u00e2y thanh qu\u1ea3n khi rung, Khi c\u00e1c chi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi Parkinson, C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u00e2m thanh c\u0169ng b\u1ecb th\u1ebf\n"}
{"en":"So on the bottom trace, you can see an example of irregular vocal fold tremor.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 rung b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y thanh qu\u1ea3n\n"}
{"en":"We see all the same symptoms.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng.\n"}
{"en":"We see vocal tremor, weakness and rigidity.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y gi\u1ecdng run, s\u1ef1 suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng.\n"}
{"en":"The speech actually becomes quieter and more breathy after a while, and that's one of the example symptoms of it.\n","vi":"L\u1eddi n\u00f3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m l\u1eafng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 h\u01a1n sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"So these vocal effects can actually be quite subtle, in some cases, but with any digital microphone, and using precision voice analysis software in combination with the latest in machine learning, which is very advanced by now, we can now quantify exactly where somebody lies on a continuum between health and disease using voice signals alone.\n","vi":"Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 Micro k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i.\n"}
{"en":"So these voice - based tests, how do they stack up against expert clinical tests?\n","vi":"V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh ngang ng\u1eeda v\u1edbi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n?\n"}
{"en":"We'll, they're both non-invasive.\n","vi":"C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m h\u1ea1m l\u1eabn nhau.\n"}
{"en":"The neurologist's test is non-invasive.\n","vi":"Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m.\n"}
{"en":"They both use existing infrastructure.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"You do n't have to design a whole new set of hospitals to do it.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y\n"}
{"en":"And they're both accurate.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c.\n"}
{"en":"Okay, but in addition, voice - based tests are non-expert.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.\n"}
{"en":"That means they can be self - administered.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\n"}
{"en":"They're high - speed, take about 30 seconds at most.\n","vi":"T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 30 gi\u00e2y t\u1ed1i \u0111a.\n"}
{"en":"They're ultra - low cost, and we all know what happens.\n","vi":"Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.\n"}
{"en":"When something becomes ultra - low cost, it becomes massively scalable.\n","vi":"Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c r\u1ebb, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng\n"}
{"en":"So here are some amazing goals that I think we can deal with now.\n","vi":"V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.\n"}
{"en":"We can reduce logistical difficulties with patients.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.\n"}
{"en":"No need to go to the clinic for a routine checkup.\n","vi":"Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec.\n"}
{"en":"We can do high - frequency monitoring to get objective data.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn.\n"}
{"en":"We can perform low - cost mass recruitment for clinical trials, and we can make population - scale screening feasible for the first time.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi ngay trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"We have the opportunity to start to search for the early biomarkers of the disease before it's too late.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n sinh h\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n.\n"}
{"en":"So, taking the first steps towards this today, we're launching the Parkinson's Voice Initiative.\n","vi":"V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Kh\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea7u gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i Parkinson.\n"}
{"en":"With Aculab and Patients Like Me, we're aiming to record a very large number of voices worldwide to collect enough data to start to tackle these four goals.\n","vi":"V\u1edbi Aculab v\u00e0 PatientsLikeMe, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ghi \u00e2m l\u1ea1i gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1eed tr\u00ed b\u1ed1n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.\n"}
{"en":"We have local numbers accessible to three quarters of a billion people on the planet.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh.\n"}
{"en":"Anyone healthy or with Parkinson's can call in, cheaply, and leave recordings, a few cents each, and I'm really happy to announce that we've already hit six percent of our target just in eight hours.\n","vi":"B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh Parkinson c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u1edbi v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u00e2m ghi, v\u00e0i xu m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t s\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ec9 trong t\u00e1m gi\u1edd.\n"}
{"en":"(Applause) (Applause) Tom Rielly: So Max, by taking all these samples of, let's say, 10,000 people, you'll be able to tell who's healthy and who's not?\n","vi":"(V\u1ed7 tay) (V\u1ed7 tay) Tom Rielly (TR): V\u1eady Max, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft ai kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ai kh\u00f4ng?\n"}
{"en":"What are you going to get out of those samples?\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y?\n"}
{"en":"Max Little: Yeah.\n","vi":"Max Little (ML): v\u00e2ng.\n"}
{"en":"So what will happen is that, during the call you have to indicate whether or not you have the disease or not, you see.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0, khi g\u1ecdi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh hay kh\u00f4ng.\n"}
{"en":"TR: Right.\n","vi":"TR: ph\u1ea3i.\n"}
{"en":"ML: You see, some people may not do it.\n","vi":"ML: B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"They may not get through it.\n","vi":"C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\n"}
{"en":"But we'll get a very large sample of data that is collected from all different circumstances, and it's getting it in different circumstances that matter because then we are looking at ironing out the confounding factors, and looking for the actual markers of the disease.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1edbi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xem x\u00e9t gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"TR: So you're 86 percent accurate right now?\n","vi":"TR: V\u1eady hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 86 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m?\n"}
{"en":"ML: It's much better than that.\n","vi":"ML: H\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9\n"}
{"en":"Actually, my student Thanasis, I have to plug him, because he's done some fantastic work, and now he has proved that it works over the mobile telephone network as well, which enables this project, and we're getting 99 percent accuracy.\n","vi":"Th\u1ef1c ra, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i Thanasis, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i khen ng\u1ee3i anh ta, b\u1edfi v\u00ec anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, anh ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 99 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m.\n"}
{"en":"TR: Ninety - nine.\n","vi":"TR: Ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn.\n"}
{"en":"Well, that's an improvement.\n","vi":"V\u00e2ng, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u1edbn.\n"}
{"en":"So what that means is that people will be able to - ML: (Laughs) TR: People will be able to call in from their mobile phones and do this test, and people with Parkinson's could call in, record their voice, and then their doctor can check up on their progress, see where they're doing in this course of the disease.\n","vi":"V\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 - ML: (C\u01b0\u1eddi) TR: M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh Parkinson c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi, ghi \u00e2m gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, xem t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi mang b\u1ec7nh\n"}
{"en":"ML: Absolutely.\n","vi":"ML: Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.\n"}
{"en":"TR: Thanks so much.\n","vi":"TR: C\u1ea3m \u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.\n"}
{"en":"Max Little, everybody.\n","vi":"Hoan Ngh\u00eanh Max Little n\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"ML: Thanks, Tom.\n","vi":"ML: C\u1ea3m \u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, Tom.\n"}
{"en":"Someone once said that politics is, of course, \"showbiz for ugly people.\"\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \"Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t showbiz cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u x\u00ed.\"\n"}
{"en":"So, on that basis, I feel like I've really arrived.\n","vi":"V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb).\n"}
{"en":"The other thing to think of is what an honor it is, as a politician, to give a TED talk, particularly here in the U.K., where the reputation of politics, with the expenses scandal, has sunk so low.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1eadt vinh d\u1ef1 l\u00e0m sao cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i TED, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Anh, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u00ec - c\u0103ng - \u0111an.\n"}
{"en":"There was even a story recently that scientists had thought about actually replacing rats in their experiments with politicians.\n","vi":"Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thay chu\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia.\n"}
{"en":"And someone asked, \"Why?\"\n","vi":"V\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi: \"Sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf?\"\n"}
{"en":"and they said, \"Well, there's no shortage of politicians, no one really minds what happens to them and, after all, there are some things that rats just wo n't do.\"\n","vi":"v\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng: \"Th\u00ec t\u1ea1i v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, ch\u1eb3ng ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi 'ch\u00fang', v\u00e0 d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m.\"\n"}
{"en":"(Laughter) Now, I know you all love data, so I'm starting with a data - rich slide.\n","vi":"(Ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi) T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00ean t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trang \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.\n"}
{"en":"This, I think, is the most important fact to bear in mind in British politics or American politics, and that is: We have run out of money.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n.\n"}
{"en":"We have vast budget deficits.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.\n"}
{"en":"This is my global public debt clock, and, as you can see, it's 32 trillion and counting.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, n\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 32 t\u1ef7 t\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u0103ng.\n"}
{"en":"And I think what this leads to is a very simple recognition, that there's one question in politics at the moment above all other, and it's this one: How do we make things better without spending more money?\n","vi":"V\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0: L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n?\n"}
{"en":"Because there is n't going to be a lot of money to improve public services, or to improve government, or to improve so many of the things that politicians talk about.\n","vi":"B\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng hay c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hay c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n bao th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn.\n"}
{"en":"So what follows from that is that if you think it's all about money -- you can only measure success in public services in health care and education and policing by spending more money, you can only measure progress by spending money -- you're going to have a pretty miserable time.\n","vi":"N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 an ninh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau ti\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc.\n"}
{"en":"But if you think a whole lot of other things matter that lead up to well being -- things like your family relationships, friendship, community, values -- then, actually, this is an incredibly exciting time to be in politics.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan m\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb.\n"}
{"en":"And the really simple argument I want to make tonight, the really straightforward argument is this: That if we combine the right political philosophy, the right political thinking, with the incredible information revolution that has taken place, and that all of you know so much more about than I do, I think there's an incredible opportunity to actually remake politics, remake government, remake public services, and achieve what's up on that slide, which is a big increase in our well - being.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i h\u00f4m nay, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin to l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n t\u00f4i th\u00ec t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00e1i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ean trang n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\n"}
{"en":"That's the argument I want to make tonight.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i h\u00f4m nay.\n"}
{"en":"So, starting with the political philosophy.\n","vi":"B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.\n"}
{"en":"Now I'm not saying for a minute that British Conservatives have all the answers.\n","vi":"Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 Anh c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.\n"}
{"en":"Of course we do n't.\n","vi":"T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"But there are two things at heart that I think drive a conservative philosophy that are really relevant to this whole debate.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho tri\u1ebft l\u00fd b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"The first is this: We believe that if you give people more power and control over their lives, if you give people more choice, if you put them in the driving seat, then actually, you can create a stronger and better society.\n","vi":"\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o gh\u1ebf l\u00e1i th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"And if you marry this fact with the incredible abundance of information that we have in our world today, I think you can completely, as I've said, remake politics, remake government, remake your public services.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin d\u01b0 th\u1eeba to l\u1edbn m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.\n"}
{"en":"The second thing we believe is we believe in going with the grain of human nature.\n","vi":"\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i theo b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n"}
{"en":"Politics and politicians will only succeed if they actually try and treat with people as they are, rather than as they would like them to be.\n","vi":"Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi h\u1ecd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean.\n"}
{"en":"Now, if you combine this very simple, very conservative thought -- go with the grain of human nature -- with all the advances in behavioral economics, some of which we were just hearing about, again, I think we can achieve a real increase in well - being, in happiness, in a stronger society without necessarily having to spend a whole lot more money.\n","vi":"N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1i suy ngh\u0129 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y - - \u0111i theo b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - - v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong m\u00f4n kinh t\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n.\n"}
{"en":"Now, why do I think now is the moment to make this argument?\n","vi":"V\u00e0 gi\u1edd t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y?\n"}
{"en":"Well, I'm afraid you're going to suffer a short, condensed history lesson about what I would say are the three passages of history: the pre-bureaucratic age, the bureaucratic age and what we now live in, which I think is a post-bureaucratic age.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i \u00e2u r\u1eb1ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, g\u1ed3m ba \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n quan li\u00eau, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1eadu quan li\u00eau.\n"}
{"en":"A simpler way of thinking of it is that we have gone from a world of local control, then we went to a world of central control, and now we're in a world of people control.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.\n"}
{"en":"Local power, central power, now, people power.\n","vi":"Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.\n"}
{"en":"Now, here is King Cnut, king a thousand years ago.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 King Knut, v\u1ecb vua h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\n"}
{"en":"Thought he could turn back the waves; could n't turn back the waves.\n","vi":"C\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.\n"}
{"en":"Could n't actually turn back very much, because if you were king a thousand years ago, while it still took hours and hours and weeks and weeks to traverse your own country, there was n't much you were in charge of.\n","vi":"Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua v\u00e0o ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i d\u1ecdc h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfng, h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.\n"}
{"en":"You were n't in charge of policing, justice, education, health, welfare.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.\n"}
{"en":"You could just about go to war and that was about it.\n","vi":"B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1eady m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\n"}
{"en":"This was the pre-bureaucratic age, an age in which everything had to be local.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n quan li\u00eau, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.\n"}
{"en":"You had to have local control because there was no nationally - available information because travel was so restricted.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.\n"}
{"en":"So this was the pre-bureaucratic age.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n quan li\u00eau.\n"}
{"en":"Next part of the cold history lesson, the lovely picture of the British Industrial Revolution.\n","vi":"Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4 khan, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Anh.\n"}
{"en":"Suddenly, all sorts of transport, travel information were possible, and this gave birth to, what I like to call, the bureaucratic age.\n","vi":"\u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3 d\u0129, v\u00e0 sinh ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i quan li\u00eau.\n"}
{"en":"And hopefully this slide is going to morph beautifully. There we are.\n","vi":"Hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 trang k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch su\u00f4n s\u1ebb.\n"}
{"en":"Suddenly, you have the big, strong, central state.\n","vi":"\u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh.\n"}
{"en":"It was able -- but only it was able -- to organize health care, education, policing, justice.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 [nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc] \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.\n"}
{"en":"And it was a world of, as I say, not local power, but now central power.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 n\u00f3 [nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc], nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n\n"}
{"en":"It had sucked all that power up from the localities.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb.\n"}
{"en":"It was able to do that itself.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf [t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c] m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.\n"}
{"en":"The next great stage, which all of you are so familiar with: the massive information revolution.\n","vi":"B\u01b0\u1edbc sang m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi, cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3.\n"}
{"en":"Just consider this one fact: One hundred years ago, sending these 10 words cost 50 dollars.\n","vi":"C\u1ee9 th\u1eed nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1eedi \u0111i 10 ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y t\u1ed1n 50 \u0111\u00f4 la.\n"}
{"en":"Right now, here we are linked up to Long Beach and everywhere else, and all these secret locations for a fraction of that cost, and we can send and receive huge quantities of information without it costing anything.\n","vi":"Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Long Beach v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00ed m\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi \u0111i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.\n"}
{"en":"So we're now living in a post-bureaucratic age, where genuine people power is possible.\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean h\u1eadu quan li\u00eau [post - bureaucratic], k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi.\n"}
{"en":"Now, what does this mean for our politics, for our public services, for our government?\n","vi":"Hi\u00ean t\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta?\n"}
{"en":"Well I ca n't, in the time I've got, give huge numbers of examples, but let me just give a few of the ways that life can change.\n","vi":"\u1edc th\u00ec v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\n"}
{"en":"And this is so obvious, in a way, because you think about how all of you have changed the way we shop, the way we travel, the way that business is done.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c \u0111i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mua s\u1eafm, di chuy\u1ec3n, hay c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.\n"}
{"en":"That is already happened; the information and Internet revolution has actually gone all the way through our societies in so many different ways, but it has n't, in every way, yet touched our government.\n","vi":"Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ed3i; cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 internet th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 lan truy\u1ec1n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.\n"}
{"en":"So, how could this happen?\n","vi":"V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?\n"}
{"en":"Well, I think there are three chief ways that it should make an enormous difference: in transparency, in greater choice and in accountability, in giving us that genuine people power.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1c, trong quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 trong b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ef1a l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.\n"}
{"en":"If we take transparency, here is one of my favorite websites, the Missouri Accountability Portal.\n","vi":"N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, Missouri Accountability Portal (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec3u bang)\n"}
{"en":"In the old days, only the government could hold the information, and only a few elected people could try and grab that information and question it and challenge it.\n","vi":"Ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ch\u00fang.\n"}
{"en":"Now here, on one website, one state in America, every single dollar spent by that government is searchable, is analyzable, is checkable.\n","vi":"B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang web c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t bang \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4 - la \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.\n"}
{"en":"Think of the huge change that means: Any business that wants to bid for a government contract can see what currently is being spent.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1eed ngh\u0129 xem \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi chi ti\u00eau.\n"}
{"en":"Anyone thinking, \"I could do that service better, I could deliver it cheaper,\" it's all available there.\n","vi":"M\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, r\u1ebb h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"We have only, in government and in politics, started to scratch the surface of what people are doing in the commercial world with the information revolution.\n","vi":"Trong nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xem d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"So, complete transparency will make a huge difference.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft to l\u1edbn.\n"}
{"en":"In this country, if we win the election, we are going to make all government spending over 25,000 pounds transparent and available online, searchable for anyone to see.\n","vi":"\u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng chi ti\u00eau tr\u00ean 25.000 b\u1ea3ng l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang minh b\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai.\n"}
{"en":"We're going to make every contract -- we're announcing this today -- available on the Internet so anyone can see what the terms are, what the conditions are, driving huge value for money, but also huge increases, I believe, in well - being as well.\n","vi":"H\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ph\u00e1t nguy\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t.\n"}
{"en":"Now you all shop online, compare online, do everything online, and yet this revolution has hardly touched the surface of public services like education, or health care or policing, and you're going to see this change massively.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 mua \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 qua m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1m s\u01a1 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 an ninh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.\n"}
{"en":"We should be making this change with the information revolution in our country, with searchable health sites, so you can see what operations work out properly, what records doctors have, the cleanliness of hospitals, who does best at infection control -- all of the information that would once be locked in the Department of Health is now available for all of us to see.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trang web y t\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ca m\u1ed5 n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, ai ki\u1ebfm so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giam \u1edf c\u00e1c khoa y t\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta.\n"}
{"en":"And the third of these big changes: accountability.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.\n"}
{"en":"This, I think, is a huge change.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1edbn.\n"}
{"en":"It is a crime map.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m.\n"}
{"en":"This is a crime map from Chicago.\n","vi":"B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u1edf Chicago.\n"}
{"en":"So, instead of having a situation where only the police have the information about which crimes are committed where, and we have to employ people in government to try and hold the police to account, suddenly, we've got this vast opportunity for people power, where we, as citizens, can see what crimes are being committed -- where, when and by whom -- and we can hold the police to account.\n","vi":"Th\u1ebf n\u00ean thay v\u00ec \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh khi m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 b\u1eaft c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i to l\u1edbn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1edfi ai v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft c\u00f4ng an nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.\n"}
{"en":"And you can see this looks a bit like a chef's hat, but actually that's an assault, the one in blue.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i m\u0169 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1i m\u00e0u xanh \u1ea5y.\n"}
{"en":"You can see what crime is committed where, and you have the opportunity to hold your police force to account.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t an ninh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.\n"}
{"en":"So those three ways -- transparency, accountability and choice -- will make a huge difference.\n","vi":"V\u1eady n\u00ean ba c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to l\u1edbn.\n"}
{"en":"Now I also said the other principle that I think we should work on is understanding of people, is recognizing that going with the grain of human nature you can achieve so much more.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ta \u0111i theo b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"Now, we're got a huge revolution in understanding of why people behave in the way that they do, and a great opportunity to put that knowledge and information to greater use.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ecd hay h\u00e0nh x\u1eed v\u00e0 (ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3) m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin kia v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.\n"}
{"en":"We're working with some of these people.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.\n"}
{"en":"Let me just give you one example that I think is incredibly simple, and I love.\n","vi":"\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u00edch.\n"}
{"en":"We want to get people to be more energy efficient.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\n"}
{"en":"It cuts fuel poverty, it cuts their bills, and it cuts carbon emissions at the same time.\n","vi":"T\u1ea1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.\n"}
{"en":"How do you do it?\n","vi":"V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00e2y?\n"}
{"en":"Well, we've had government information campaigns over the years when they tell you to switch off the lights when you leave the home.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n m\u1ed7i khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0.\n"}
{"en":"We even had -- one government minister once told us to brush our teeth in the dark.\n","vi":"Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o ta r\u1eb1ng ta n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.\n"}
{"en":"I do n't think they lasted very long.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u.\n"}
{"en":"This is a simple piece of behavioral economics.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi.\n"}
{"en":"The best way to get someone to cut their electricity bill is to show them their own spending, to show them what their neighbors are spending, and then show what an energy conscious neighbor is spending.\n","vi":"C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd xem l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang x\u00e0i, cho h\u1ecd xem h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh x\u00e0i bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i cho h\u1ecd xem m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u00e0i bao nhi\u00eau.\n"}
{"en":"That sort of behavioral economics can transform people's behavior in a way that all the bullying and all the information and all the badgering from a government can not possibly achieve.\n","vi":"Ki\u1ec3u kinh t\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111e do\u1ea1 n\u00e0o hay s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y n\u00e0o t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\n"}
{"en":"Other examples are recycling.\n","vi":"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf.\n"}
{"en":"We all know we need to recycle more.\n","vi":"Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.\n"}
{"en":"How do we make it happen?\n","vi":"L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y?\n"}
{"en":"All the proof from America is that actually, if you pay people to recycle, if you give them a carrot rather than a stick, you can transform their behavior.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt ra n\u1ebfu ta tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p 'd\u1ed7 ng\u1ecdt' thay v\u00ec \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\n"}
{"en":"So what does all this add up to?\n","vi":"V\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y cho ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?\n"}
{"en":"Here are my two favorite U.S. speeches of the last 50 years.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a 50 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\n"}
{"en":"Obviously, here we have JFK with that incredibly simple and powerful formulation, \"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country,\" an incredibly noble sentiment.\n","vi":"T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 John Kennedy v\u1edbi c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: \"\u0110\u1eebng h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m chi cho ta, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m chi cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc,\" m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m \u00fd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.\n"}
{"en":"But when he made that speech, what could you do to build the stronger, better society?\n","vi":"Nh\u01b0ng khi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u1ea5y, ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y x\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n?\n"}
{"en":"You could fight for your country, you could die for your country, you could serve in your country's civil service, but you did n't really have the information and the knowledge and the ability to help build the stronger society in the way that you do now.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy sinh v\u00ec t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"And I think an even more wonderful speech, which I'm going to read a big chunk of, which sums up what I said at the beginning about believing there is more to life than money, and more that we should try and measure than money.\n","vi":"V\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi h\u01a1n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c,\n"}
{"en":"And it is Robert Kennedy's beautiful description of why gross national product captures so little: It \"does not allow for the health of our children, the quality of their education, or the joy of their play.\n","vi":"v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Robert Kennedy v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1i mang \u00edt \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \"kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta, hay ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, hay ni\u1ec1m vui trong gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\n"}
{"en":"It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages, the intelligence of our public debate.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, hay t\u1ea7m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.\n"}
{"en":"It measures neither our wit nor our courage, neither our wisdom nor our learning, neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eabn l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ngoan l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c.\n"}
{"en":"It measures everything, in short, except that which makes life worthwhile. \"\n","vi":"N\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \"\n"}
{"en":"Again, a sentiment that was so noble and beautifully put 40 years ago, and a beautiful dream 40 years ago, but now with the huge advances in information technology, with the massive changes in behavioral economics, with all that we know about how you advance well - being, that if we combine those insights of giving power to people, and using information to make that possible, and using the insight of going with the grain of human nature, while at the same time, understanding why people behave in the way they do, it is a dream more easy to realize today than it was when it was made in that beautiful speech 40 years ago.\n","vi":"M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 40 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o 40 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn to l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c trao l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i theo b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u00e0nh x\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0o 40 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\n"}
{"en":"Imagine you're walking through a forest.\n","vi":"H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111i trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng\n"}
{"en":"I'm guessing you're thinking of a collection of trees, what we foresters call a stand, with their rugged stems and their beautiful crowns.\n","vi":"T\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i r\u1eebng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1eebng c\u00e2y, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y x\u00f9 x\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f2m c\u00e2y xinh \u0111\u1eb9p.\n"}
{"en":"Yes, trees are the foundation of forests, but a forest is much more than what you see, and today I want to change the way you think about forests.\n","vi":"\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, c\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng th\u00ec \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng\n"}
{"en":"You see, underground there is this other world, a world of infinite biological pathways that connect trees and allow them to communicate and allow the forest to behave as though it's a single organism.\n","vi":"C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5y, \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1ea7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00f4 t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i m\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p khu r\u1eebng c\u01b0 x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t\n"}
{"en":"It might remind you of a sort of intelligence.\n","vi":"N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\n"}
{"en":"How do I know this?\n","vi":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?\n"}