Defetya/iteration-dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

id int64 0 9	prompt stringlengths 50 176	A stringlengths 2 140	B stringlengths 2 153	C stringlengths 2 172	D stringlengths 2 192	E stringlengths 2 170	answer stringclasses 5 values
9	What is the subject of debate regarding the scope and reach of biological patents?	The impact of biological patents on innovation	The applicability of patents to genetically modified organisms	The validity of patents in different jurisdictions	The exclusivity of patents on biological technology	The protection of natural substances under patents	C
2	Why are eggshell planets considered unlikely to have plate tectonics?	They have thick lithosphere	They lack tectonic activity	They have minimal topography	They have ultra-thin outer brittle layer	They have minimal geological processes	B
6	What type of proteins are commonly produced using recombinant DNA technology in research laboratories?	Enzymes	Antibodies	Receptors	Transcription factors	Transport proteins	A
8	Where was Lean Six Sigma developed as a specific process of Six Sigma?	Motorola company in Japan	Toyota Production System in the 1950s	Allied Signal in the United States	General Electric in the 2000s	Motorola company in the United States	E
1	Which human protein is commonly produced using recombinant DNA technology?	Human growth hormone	Human insulin	Human erythropoietin	Human interleukin-2	Human factor VIII	B
8	What is the subject of debate regarding the applicability of patents to substances and processes natural in origin?	The scope and reach of patents on natural substances	The impact of patents on innovation in natural processes	The legality of patents on naturally occurring substances	The validity of patents on substances and processes natural in origin	The exclusivity of patents on naturally occurring substances	D
8	How does concurrent design and manufacturing contribute to a sustainable environment for product development?	By reducing the time required to bring a new product to market	By increasing communication and coordination between disciplines	By lowering the cost of product development	By focusing only on manufacturing engineering	By eliminating the need for an integrated product team approach	C
8	What is the term used to describe space debris in a Molniya orbit?	Exospheric litter	Satellite shrapnel	Polar debris	Northern hemisphere junk	Kosmos Ono debris	E
6	What is the purpose of integrating technology-related decisions with the company's strategies?	To guide the acquisition, allocation, and management of IT resources	To create value for the organization through the efficient spending on technology	To focus on the people who directly manage the technologies within an organization	To ensure the full integration of technology-related decisions with the company's strategies	To explain how technology should be utilized as part of an organization's overall corporate strategy	D
9	Which type of development is more common in amphibians?	Direct development	Complete metamorphosis	Partial metamorphosis	Gradual metamorphosis	Incomplete metamorphosis	B
2	Where did the research on bioresilience around Mount Everest take place?	Everest Base Camp	Makalu-Barun National Park	Qomolangma National Nature Preserve	Future Generations University	The Biomeridian Project	B
5	Which factor does NOT determine the thickness of the lithosphere?	Planet's size	Interior temperature	Composition	Presence of plate tectonics	All of the above	D
2	What are some examples of non-covalent interactions studied in supramolecular chemistry?	Ionic bonding and covalent bonding	Hydrogen bonding and metal coordination	Metal coordination and pi-pi interactions	Pi-pi interactions and electrostatic effects	Electrostatic effects and hydrophobic forces	D
4	What is the role of an organization's Chief Technology Officer (CTO) in the technology strategy?	To ensure the full integration of technology-related decisions with the company's strategies	To guide the acquisition, allocation, and management of IT resources	To create value for the organization through the efficient spending on technology	To formulate and lead the Information Technology Strategy	To focus on the people who directly manage the technologies within an organization	D
4	What did the Australian ruling on the Myriad Genetics patent affirm?	The validity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences	The invalidity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences	The exclusivity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences	The applicability of patents to naturally occurring DNA sequences	The impact of patents on genetic material	A
7	What biological systems often serve as inspiration for supramolecular research?	Plants	Animals	Microorganisms	All of the above	None of the above	D
7	What is the estimated number of debris larger than 10 cm in orbit around the Earth?	1,000	1 million	10 million	34,000	100 million	D
4	What is the function of ATF4 during the integrated stress response?	To phosphorylate eIF2α	To downregulate gene expression	To upregulate gene expression	To promote apoptosis	To promote cell division	C
6	What are the potential consequences of events involving hazardous materials?	Toxic effects, fire or explosion, serious injuries, property damage, lost production, and environmental impact.	Major accidents, toxic gas clouds, and environmental pollution.	Workplace injuries, property damage, and lost production.	Fires, explosions, and accidental chemical releases.	Hazardous materials releases and energy escalation.	A
4	Who introduced the term "eggshell planet" in scientific discussions?	Paul Byrne	An associate professor	Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences	Washington University	None of the above	E
5	How many artificial objects are currently in orbit above the Earth?	100,000	1 million	10 million	100 million	25,857	E
6	What is the negative effect of blue light exposure at night on sleep?	Improved sleep quality	Delayed sleep phase disorder	Enhanced cognitive function	Reduced sleep duration	Impaired sleep quality	E
0	What are the different names used to refer to space debris?	Celestial fragments	Cosmic waste	Astronomical pollution	Galactic garbage	Astro junk	B
1	What are the forces responsible for spatial organization of supramolecular systems?	Ionic bonding	Covalent bonding	Hydrogen bonding	Metal coordination	Pi-pi interactions	C
7	What is a screw conveyor commonly used for in industrial control applications?	To pump irrigation water	To move liquid materials	To deliver a measured rate or quantity of material into a process	To rotate helical screw blades	To elevate and convey materials	C
1	What is an example of an animal that undergoes direct development?	A frog that hatches as a small tadpole	A frog that hatches as a large tadpole	A frog that hatches as a small frog	A frog that hatches as a large frog	A frog that hatches as a small fish	C
9	What does process safety aim to prevent, control, mitigate, and recover from?	Unintentional hazardous materials releases that can have a serious effect to people, plant, and the environment.	Major accidents, toxic gas clouds, and environmental pollution.	Fires, explosions, and accidental chemical releases.	Workplace injuries, property damage, and lost production.	Events that have the potential to escalate to major accidents.	A
7	What factors does the NABERS Energy for offices tool consider?	Space usage, energy consumption, climate influences	Water and waste efficiency, indoor environment quality	Greenhouse gas emissions, electricity and gas bills	Building services, property and energy management industries	Training, exams, and supervised assessments	A
0	What is the function of a biotransducer in a biosensor system?	To convert an electronic signal to a biochemical signal	To convert a biochemical signal to an electronic or optical signal	To amplify the biochemical signal	To regulate the physicochemical transducer	To store the biochemical signal	B
0	What is the main difference between chemistry and physics?	Chemistry focuses on matter composed of electrons and nuclei, while physics studies matter at a large scale	Physics is concerned with nature from a small scale to a large scale, while chemistry focuses on the fundamental principles of physical phenomena	Chemistry studies matter at a subatomic level, while physics is concerned with the behavior of matter in accordance with basic principles	Chemistry and physics have the same scope and approach, but differ in their professional roles	Physics is involved with the aspects of space and time, while chemistry focuses on the basic forces of nature	C
9	Are lenses that block blue light beneficial for healthy sleepers?	Yes	No	Depends on the individual	Only in certain lighting conditions	Not enough information	B
3	What is the key to the success of concurrent design and manufacturing?	Completing processes one at a time	Involving all disciplines in the product development	Reducing the time required for product development	Focusing only on design engineering	Increasing the cost of production	B
8	Who may benefit from lenses that block blue light?	People with perfect vision	People with bipolar disorder	People without any sleep disorder	People without ADHD	People with macular degeneration	B
3	What concepts are advanced by supramolecular chemistry?	Molecular self-assembly and molecular folding	Molecular recognition and host-guest chemistry	Mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures and dynamic covalent chemistry	All of the above	None of the above	D
5	How many subunits does the eIF2 protein complex consist of?	One	Two	Three	Four	Five	C
2	What are examples of space debris besides derelict spacecraft?	Alien artifacts	Cosmic rays	Supernova remnants	Planetary nebulae	Paint flecks and solidified liquids	E
9	What is the term used to describe the cost incurred by launching or using a spacecraft in near-Earth orbit?	Space pollution fee	Space debris tax	Spacecraft externality cost	Orbit cleanup charge	Space waste surcharge	C
9	Which type of joint axes do serial robots typically have?	Arbitrarily placed joint axes	Orthogonal joint axes	Parallel joint axes	Intersecting joint axes	Concentric joint axes	B
1	How many degrees of freedom does a serial robot usually have?	Three	Four	Five	Six	Seven	D
4	What is a common feature of many flat-panel displays?	Touch screen technology	3D display capability	High refresh rate	Built-in speakers	Back-lit with color filters	A
3	How does process safety differ from occupational safety and health?	Process safety focuses on major accidents involving hazardous materials, while occupational safety focuses on preventing workplace injuries.	Process safety deals with events that can release hazardous materials or energy, while occupational safety deals with dangerous conditions at work sites.	Process safety is an interdisciplinary engineering domain, while occupational safety is a discipline focusing on preventing workplace accidents.	Process safety is concerned with preventing fires, explosions, and accidental chemical releases, while occupational safety focuses on managing the integrity of operating systems and processes.	Process safety applies good design principles, engineering, and operating and maintenance practices, while occupational safety focuses on preventing occupational hazards.	A
2	What is the main intrinsic factor that can trigger the integrated stress response?	Lack of oxygen	Lack of amino acids	Lack of glucose	Accumulation of unfolded proteins	Activation of oncogenes	D
4	Which of the following animals undergo direct development?	Bees	Butterflies	Snakes	Frogs	Fish	D
9	What is the purpose of universal orbital support system?	Orbital maneuvering	Propulsion	Stabilization and attitude control	Maintaining relative positions of satellite components	Suspending an object in space	E
5	What is the association between sunlight exposure and macular degeneration?	No association	Higher risk in outdoor workers	Higher risk in indoor workers	Higher risk in elderly individuals	Higher risk in individuals with ADHD	B
3	Why are recombinant human insulin products preferred over animal-sourced insulin for human therapy?	They have a longer shelf life	They are more cost-effective	They are less likely to induce hypoglycemia unawareness	They are easier to produce in large quantities	They have fewer side effects	C
8	What is the decision version of the vertex cover problem?	The problem of finding a minimum vertex cover	The problem of finding a maximum vertex cover	The problem of finding all vertex covers	The problem of determining if a graph has a vertex cover	The problem of determining if a graph has no vertex cover	D
4	Which COVID-19 vaccine was the first mRNA vaccine approved by a medicines regulator?	Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine	Moderna COVID-19 vaccine	AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine	Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine	Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine	A
6	What is the estimated number of debris smaller than 1 cm in orbit around the Earth?	1,000	1 million	10 million	100 million	128 million	E
6	What is the impact of anthropogenic changes on biodiversity?	Increases biodiversity around the planet	Does not affect biodiversity around the planet	Decreases biodiversity around the planet	Has no impact on ecosystem services	Has no impact on genetic resources	C
1	What are some extrinsic factors that can trigger the integrated stress response?	Exposure to high levels of oxygen	Exposure to high levels of glucose	Viral infection	Accumulation of unfolded proteins	Activation of oncogenes	C
5	What is the term for insects that undergo direct development?	Ametabolous insects	Metabolous insects	Complete insects	Incomplete insects	Partial insects	A
8	What is the term used to describe the measurement of an antenna's directivity and radiation efficiency?	Power gain	Gain	Antenna pattern	Radiation pattern	Directivity	E
7	What is being considered in the appeal of the Australian ruling on the Myriad Genetics patent?	The impact of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling	The scope of biological patents in Australia	The validity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences	The applicability of patents to substances and processes natural in origin	The influence of international patent laws	D
0	What is the main function of the integrated stress response?	To upregulate protein synthesis	To downregulate protein synthesis	To upregulate specific genes	To downregulate specific genes	To promote cell division	B
7	What is the highest resolution that flat-panel displays are capable of in the 2020s?	720p	1080i	1080p	4K	8K	D
2	What does a technology strategy primarily focus on?	The efficiency of the company's spending on technology	The people who directly manage the technologies within an organization	The integration of technology-related decisions with the company's strategies	The overall plan of objectives, principles, and tactics relating to use of technologies	The behaviors of an organization towards technology decisions	D
0	What is the defining characteristic of an eggshell planet?	Thick lithosphere	Rigid outermost shell	Ultra-thin outer brittle layer	Minimal topography	Plate tectonics	C
6	What is the status of the Australian ruling on the Myriad Genetics patent?	It has been overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court	It has been affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court	It is currently under appeal in the Full Bench of the Federal Court	It is no longer valid in Australia	It has been accepted as international precedent	C
4	Who is responsible for measuring and mitigating space debris?	NASA	European Space Agency	Private space companies	International Space Station	All of the above	E
5	Which types of equipment require coordination in motion controls?	Metal cutting machine tools	Metal forming equipment	Assembly machinery	Packaging machinery	All of the above	E
8	What evidence suggests that synthetic insulin varieties are more likely to induce hypoglycemia unawareness?	Clinical trials with diabetic patients	Animal studies with insulin-treated animals	Laboratory experiments with insulin receptors	Observational studies with insulin users	Genetic analysis of insulin-related genes	D
1	What are some examples of semi-solid materials that can be moved using screw conveyors?	Food waste and wood chips	Aggregates and cereal grains	Animal feed and boiler ash	Meat and bone meal	All of the above	E
4	Which company still manufactures highly purified animal-sourced insulin?	Wockhardt Ltd.	Lilly	Serono	Novo Nordisk	Novolin	A
0	What is the purpose of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)?	To structure a document using markup languages	To define the style information for elements of a document	To create hyperlinks in a document	To display a single page with fixed horizontal width	To allow unlimited vertical height in a document	B
2	Can the problem of finding a minimum vertex cover be solved by a polynomial-time algorithm if P ≠ NP?	Yes	No	It depends on the graph	It depends on the size of the graph	Unknown	B
5	What is the importance of studying non-covalent interactions in supramolecular chemistry?	To understand biological processes	To develop new materials	To improve drug design	To optimize chemical reactions	All of the above	E
3	Which subunit of the eIF2 protein complex is phosphorylated during the integrated stress response?	eIF2α	eIF2β	eIF2γ	ATF4	Translation initiation factor 2	A
2	What are magnetofection nanoparticles typically made from?	Silicon oxide	Gold	Silver	Iron oxide	Copper	D
4	What is the synthesis method that involves linking viral particles to magnetic particles?	Coprecipitation	Microemulsion	Avidin-biotin interaction	Salt-induced aggregation	Hydrophobic interaction	C
8	What is the relationship between species diversity and bioresilience?	Higher species diversity correlates with lower bioresilience	Higher species diversity correlates with higher bioresilience	Species diversity has no correlation with bioresilience	Lower species diversity correlates with lower bioresilience	Lower species diversity correlates with higher bioresilience	B
3	What is the kinematic structure of a serial manipulator with six revolute joints and three consecutive joints intersecting?	123 kinematic structure	312 kinematic structure	321 kinematic structure	213 kinematic structure	132 kinematic structure	C
4	Which components can also comprise the bio-recognition layer in a biosensor?	Oligonucleotide sequences	Sub-cellular fragments	Receptor carrying fragments	Single whole cells	All of the above	E
3	What technologies are commonly used in flat-panel displays?	CRT and plasma technologies	LCD and DLP technologies	LED and OLED technologies	CRT and OLED technologies	LCD and LED technologies	E
4	When can an extinct taxon be reclassified as extant?	When there are no new discoveries of living species	When there are new discoveries of living species	When previously known extant species are reclassified as extinct	When no members of the group are still alive	Never	B
3	What did the research on bioresilience around Mount Everest find?	Greater biodiversity at higher altitudes	Fewer species at higher altitudes	More species at higher altitudes	The same biodiversity at all altitudes	No change in biodiversity with altitude	B
9	What are some examples of forces studied in supramolecular chemistry?	Electrostatic charge and hydrogen bonding	Covalent bonding and metal coordination	Pi-pi interactions and van der Waals forces	Hydrophobic forces and electrostatic effects	All of the above	E
1	What does a biological patent holder have the right to do?	Exclude others from making, using, and selling the protected invention	Exclude others from importing the protected invention	Exclude others from using genetic material	Exclude others from selling genetically modified organisms	Exclude others from importing biological technology	A
4	What type of joints do serial robots typically have?	Revolute and prismatic	Spherical and cylindrical	Planar and linear	Rotational and translational	Universal and helical	A
2	Can building owners and tenants promote their own NABERS ratings?	Yes, through the online self-assessment tool	Yes, after attending NABERS training	Yes, if they have experience in property management	No, only certified ratings can be promoted	No, only Accredited Assessors can promote ratings	D
8	What type of data is collected by Accredited Assessors for NABERS Energy for offices rating?	Consumption data and building size	Water efficiency and waste efficiency	Climate location and density of occupation	Electricity and gas bills and climate location	Energy consumption and Accredited Assessors	D
8	What are some examples of components that can comprise the bio-recognition layer in a biosensor?	Oligonucleotide sequences	Sub-cellular fragments	Receptor carrying fragments	Single whole cells	Thin slices of animal or plant tissues	E
6	What is a benefit of completing design and manufacturing stages at the same time?	Reduced profit for a business	Increased cost of production	Lowering the time required for product development	Reduced communication and coordination between disciplines	Focusing only on design engineering	C
3	How many extant species of cephalopods were there as of 1987?	600	7,500	600 and 7,500	Unknown	Not mentioned in the text	A
1	Which interface is a globally standardized open digital interface for communication between industrial controls, motion devices, and I/O devices?	Sercos I	Sercos II	Sercos III	IEC 61491	IEC 61800-7	C
3	What is the purpose of the NABERS tools for offices?	To penalize building owners for factors beyond their control	To measure the efficiency of building owners and tenants	To promote the use of renewable energy in offices	To calculate the size and density of office spaces	To consider climate factors in building energy usage	B
2	What can poorly implemented concurrent engineering lead to?	Reduced profit for a business	Increased communication and coordination between disciplines	Lower cost of product development	A competitive advantage over other businesses	Sustainable environment for product development	A
0	What is the branch of chemistry that concerns chemical systems composed of a discrete number of molecules?	Inorganic chemistry	Physical chemistry	Organic chemistry	Analytical chemistry	Supramolecular chemistry	E
5	What is the prefix used to denote recombinant human proteins?	rh	re	hu	rc	rp	A
5	What does gain refer to when no direction is specified?	The measurement of how well an antenna converts input power into radio waves	The measurement of how well an antenna converts radio waves into electrical power	The ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction to the radiation intensity that would be produced if the power accepted by the antenna were isotropically radiated	The measurement of an antenna's directivity and radiation efficiency	The peak value of the gain in the direction of the antenna's main lobe	E
9	What did Lean Six Sigma combine to increase the velocity of value creation?	Lean Management and Six Sigma	Lean manufacturing and Six Sigma	Kaizen and Six Sigma	Motorola and Toyota	Allied Signal and General Electric	A
8	What is a common type of back-lighting used in flat-panel displays?	Fluorescent lighting	Incandescent lighting	LED lighting	Neon lighting	Halogen lighting	C
5	What was the outcome of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling on the Myriad Genetics patent?	It affirmed the validity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences	It invalidated patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences	It limited the scope of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences	It established a new framework for patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences	It had no impact on patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences	B
8	What year did Hermann Emil Fischer develop the philosophical roots of supramolecular chemistry?	1873	1883	1893	1903	1913	B
8	What is the American Petroleum Institute definition of process safety?	A framework for managing the integrity of hazardous operating systems and processes.	A discipline that focuses on preventing fires, explosions, and accidental chemical releases at process facilities.	An interdisciplinary engineering domain focusing on the study, prevention, and management of large-scale fires and explosions in process plants.	A discipline that deals with the prevention and control of events that can release hazardous materials or energy.	A framework for applying good design principles, engineering, and operating and maintenance practices.	A
9	What is the role of the bio-recognition layer in a biotransducer?	To convert an electronic signal to a biochemical signal	To convert a biochemical signal to an electronic or optical signal	To amplify the biochemical signal	To regulate the physicochemical transducer	To give the biosensor selectivity and specificity	E
1	Who is typically responsible for formulating the Information Technology Strategy?	The Chief Technology Officer (CTO)	The Chief Financial Officer (CFO)	The Chief Operating Officer (COO)	The Chief Marketing Officer (CMO)	The Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO)	A
0	What is the main advantage of a serial manipulator?	High stiffness inherent to an open kinematic structure	Errors are not accumulated from link to link	Does not have to carry and move the weight of the actuators	Relatively high effective load that it can manipulate	Large workspace with respect to the size of the robot and the floor space it occupies	E
1	Which type of therapy triggers synthesis of proteins within cells?	Antisense RNA (asRNA)	RNA interference (RNAi)	RNA aptamers	Messenger RNA (mRNA)	Small interfering RNA (siRNA)	D
4	What is the term used to describe the approach used in product development where functions of design engineering, manufacturing engineering, and other functions are integrated?	Concurrent design and manufacturing	Product development approach	Integrated product team approach	Sequential engineering	Simultaneous engineering	C

9

What is the subject of debate regarding the scope and reach of biological patents?

The impact of biological patents on innovation

The applicability of patents to genetically modified organisms

The validity of patents in different jurisdictions

The exclusivity of patents on biological technology

The protection of natural substances under patents

C

2

Why are eggshell planets considered unlikely to have plate tectonics?

They have thick lithosphere

They lack tectonic activity

They have minimal topography

They have ultra-thin outer brittle layer

They have minimal geological processes

B

6

What type of proteins are commonly produced using recombinant DNA technology in research laboratories?

Enzymes

Antibodies

Receptors

Transcription factors

Transport proteins

A

8

Where was Lean Six Sigma developed as a specific process of Six Sigma?

Motorola company in Japan

Toyota Production System in the 1950s

Allied Signal in the United States

General Electric in the 2000s

Motorola company in the United States

E

1

Which human protein is commonly produced using recombinant DNA technology?

Human growth hormone

Human insulin

Human erythropoietin

Human interleukin-2

Human factor VIII

B

8

What is the subject of debate regarding the applicability of patents to substances and processes natural in origin?

The scope and reach of patents on natural substances

The impact of patents on innovation in natural processes

The legality of patents on naturally occurring substances

The validity of patents on substances and processes natural in origin

The exclusivity of patents on naturally occurring substances

D

8

How does concurrent design and manufacturing contribute to a sustainable environment for product development?

By reducing the time required to bring a new product to market

By increasing communication and coordination between disciplines

By lowering the cost of product development

By focusing only on manufacturing engineering

By eliminating the need for an integrated product team approach

C

8

What is the term used to describe space debris in a Molniya orbit?

Exospheric litter

Satellite shrapnel

Polar debris

Northern hemisphere junk

Kosmos Ono debris

E

6

What is the purpose of integrating technology-related decisions with the company's strategies?

To guide the acquisition, allocation, and management of IT resources

To create value for the organization through the efficient spending on technology

To focus on the people who directly manage the technologies within an organization

To ensure the full integration of technology-related decisions with the company's strategies

To explain how technology should be utilized as part of an organization's overall corporate strategy

D

9

Which type of development is more common in amphibians?

Direct development

Complete metamorphosis

Partial metamorphosis

Gradual metamorphosis

Incomplete metamorphosis

B

2

Where did the research on bioresilience around Mount Everest take place?

Everest Base Camp

Makalu-Barun National Park

Qomolangma National Nature Preserve

Future Generations University

The Biomeridian Project

B

5

Which factor does NOT determine the thickness of the lithosphere?

Planet's size

Interior temperature

Composition

Presence of plate tectonics

All of the above

D

2

What are some examples of non-covalent interactions studied in supramolecular chemistry?

Ionic bonding and covalent bonding

Hydrogen bonding and metal coordination

Metal coordination and pi-pi interactions

Pi-pi interactions and electrostatic effects

Electrostatic effects and hydrophobic forces

D

4

What is the role of an organization's Chief Technology Officer (CTO) in the technology strategy?

To ensure the full integration of technology-related decisions with the company's strategies

To guide the acquisition, allocation, and management of IT resources

To create value for the organization through the efficient spending on technology

To formulate and lead the Information Technology Strategy

To focus on the people who directly manage the technologies within an organization

D

4

What did the Australian ruling on the Myriad Genetics patent affirm?

The validity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences

The invalidity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences

The exclusivity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences

The applicability of patents to naturally occurring DNA sequences

The impact of patents on genetic material

A

7

What biological systems often serve as inspiration for supramolecular research?

Plants

Animals

Microorganisms

All of the above

None of the above

D

7

What is the estimated number of debris larger than 10 cm in orbit around the Earth?

1,000

1 million

10 million

34,000

100 million

D

4

What is the function of ATF4 during the integrated stress response?

To phosphorylate eIF2α

To downregulate gene expression

To upregulate gene expression

To promote apoptosis

To promote cell division

C

6

What are the potential consequences of events involving hazardous materials?

Toxic effects, fire or explosion, serious injuries, property damage, lost production, and environmental impact.

Major accidents, toxic gas clouds, and environmental pollution.

Workplace injuries, property damage, and lost production.

Fires, explosions, and accidental chemical releases.

Hazardous materials releases and energy escalation.

A

4

Who introduced the term "eggshell planet" in scientific discussions?

Paul Byrne

An associate professor

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Washington University

None of the above

E

5

How many artificial objects are currently in orbit above the Earth?

100,000

1 million

10 million

100 million

25,857

E

6

What is the negative effect of blue light exposure at night on sleep?

Improved sleep quality

Delayed sleep phase disorder

Enhanced cognitive function

Reduced sleep duration

Impaired sleep quality

E

0

What are the different names used to refer to space debris?

Celestial fragments

Cosmic waste

Astronomical pollution

Galactic garbage

Astro junk

B

1

What are the forces responsible for spatial organization of supramolecular systems?

Ionic bonding

Covalent bonding

Hydrogen bonding

Metal coordination

Pi-pi interactions

C

7

What is a screw conveyor commonly used for in industrial control applications?

To pump irrigation water

To move liquid materials

To deliver a measured rate or quantity of material into a process

To rotate helical screw blades

To elevate and convey materials

C

1

What is an example of an animal that undergoes direct development?

A frog that hatches as a small tadpole

A frog that hatches as a large tadpole

A frog that hatches as a small frog

A frog that hatches as a large frog

A frog that hatches as a small fish

C

9

What does process safety aim to prevent, control, mitigate, and recover from?

Unintentional hazardous materials releases that can have a serious effect to people, plant, and the environment.

Major accidents, toxic gas clouds, and environmental pollution.

Fires, explosions, and accidental chemical releases.

Workplace injuries, property damage, and lost production.

Events that have the potential to escalate to major accidents.

A

7

What factors does the NABERS Energy for offices tool consider?

Space usage, energy consumption, climate influences

Water and waste efficiency, indoor environment quality

Greenhouse gas emissions, electricity and gas bills

Building services, property and energy management industries

Training, exams, and supervised assessments

A

0

What is the function of a biotransducer in a biosensor system?

To convert an electronic signal to a biochemical signal

To convert a biochemical signal to an electronic or optical signal

To amplify the biochemical signal

To regulate the physicochemical transducer

To store the biochemical signal

B

0

What is the main difference between chemistry and physics?

Chemistry focuses on matter composed of electrons and nuclei, while physics studies matter at a large scale

Physics is concerned with nature from a small scale to a large scale, while chemistry focuses on the fundamental principles of physical phenomena

Chemistry studies matter at a subatomic level, while physics is concerned with the behavior of matter in accordance with basic principles

Chemistry and physics have the same scope and approach, but differ in their professional roles

Physics is involved with the aspects of space and time, while chemistry focuses on the basic forces of nature

C

9

Are lenses that block blue light beneficial for healthy sleepers?

Yes

No

Depends on the individual

Only in certain lighting conditions

Not enough information

B

3

What is the key to the success of concurrent design and manufacturing?

Completing processes one at a time

Involving all disciplines in the product development

Reducing the time required for product development

Focusing only on design engineering

Increasing the cost of production

B

8

Who may benefit from lenses that block blue light?

People with perfect vision

People with bipolar disorder

People without any sleep disorder

People without ADHD

People with macular degeneration

B

3

What concepts are advanced by supramolecular chemistry?

Molecular self-assembly and molecular folding

Molecular recognition and host-guest chemistry

Mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures and dynamic covalent chemistry

All of the above

None of the above

D

5

How many subunits does the eIF2 protein complex consist of?

One

Two

Three

Four

Five

C

2

What are examples of space debris besides derelict spacecraft?

Alien artifacts

Cosmic rays

Supernova remnants

Planetary nebulae

Paint flecks and solidified liquids

E

9

What is the term used to describe the cost incurred by launching or using a spacecraft in near-Earth orbit?

Space pollution fee

Space debris tax

Spacecraft externality cost

Orbit cleanup charge

Space waste surcharge

C

9

Which type of joint axes do serial robots typically have?

Arbitrarily placed joint axes

Orthogonal joint axes

Parallel joint axes

Intersecting joint axes

Concentric joint axes

B

1

How many degrees of freedom does a serial robot usually have?

Three

Four

Five

Six

Seven

D

4

What is a common feature of many flat-panel displays?

Touch screen technology

3D display capability

High refresh rate

Built-in speakers

Back-lit with color filters

A

3

How does process safety differ from occupational safety and health?

Process safety focuses on major accidents involving hazardous materials, while occupational safety focuses on preventing workplace injuries.

Process safety deals with events that can release hazardous materials or energy, while occupational safety deals with dangerous conditions at work sites.

Process safety is an interdisciplinary engineering domain, while occupational safety is a discipline focusing on preventing workplace accidents.

Process safety is concerned with preventing fires, explosions, and accidental chemical releases, while occupational safety focuses on managing the integrity of operating systems and processes.

Process safety applies good design principles, engineering, and operating and maintenance practices, while occupational safety focuses on preventing occupational hazards.

A

2

What is the main intrinsic factor that can trigger the integrated stress response?

Lack of oxygen

Lack of amino acids

Lack of glucose

Accumulation of unfolded proteins

Activation of oncogenes

D

4

Which of the following animals undergo direct development?

Bees

Butterflies

Snakes

Frogs

Fish

D

9

What is the purpose of universal orbital support system?

Orbital maneuvering

Propulsion

Stabilization and attitude control

Maintaining relative positions of satellite components

Suspending an object in space

E

5

What is the association between sunlight exposure and macular degeneration?

No association

Higher risk in outdoor workers

Higher risk in indoor workers

Higher risk in elderly individuals

Higher risk in individuals with ADHD

B

3

Why are recombinant human insulin products preferred over animal-sourced insulin for human therapy?

They have a longer shelf life

They are more cost-effective

They are less likely to induce hypoglycemia unawareness

They are easier to produce in large quantities

They have fewer side effects

C

8

What is the decision version of the vertex cover problem?

The problem of finding a minimum vertex cover

The problem of finding a maximum vertex cover

The problem of finding all vertex covers

The problem of determining if a graph has a vertex cover

The problem of determining if a graph has no vertex cover

D

4

Which COVID-19 vaccine was the first mRNA vaccine approved by a medicines regulator?

Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine

Moderna COVID-19 vaccine

AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine

Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine

Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine

A

6

What is the estimated number of debris smaller than 1 cm in orbit around the Earth?

1,000

1 million

10 million

100 million

128 million

E

6

What is the impact of anthropogenic changes on biodiversity?

Increases biodiversity around the planet

Does not affect biodiversity around the planet

Decreases biodiversity around the planet

Has no impact on ecosystem services

Has no impact on genetic resources

C

1

What are some extrinsic factors that can trigger the integrated stress response?

Exposure to high levels of oxygen

Exposure to high levels of glucose

Viral infection

Accumulation of unfolded proteins

Activation of oncogenes

C

5

What is the term for insects that undergo direct development?

Ametabolous insects

Metabolous insects

Complete insects

Incomplete insects

Partial insects

A

8

What is the term used to describe the measurement of an antenna's directivity and radiation efficiency?

Power gain

Gain

Antenna pattern

Radiation pattern

Directivity

E

7

What is being considered in the appeal of the Australian ruling on the Myriad Genetics patent?

The impact of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling

The scope of biological patents in Australia

The validity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences

The applicability of patents to substances and processes natural in origin

The influence of international patent laws

D

0

What is the main function of the integrated stress response?

To upregulate protein synthesis

To downregulate protein synthesis

To upregulate specific genes

To downregulate specific genes

To promote cell division

B

7

What is the highest resolution that flat-panel displays are capable of in the 2020s?

720p

1080i

1080p

4K

8K

D

2

What does a technology strategy primarily focus on?

The efficiency of the company's spending on technology

The people who directly manage the technologies within an organization

The integration of technology-related decisions with the company's strategies

The overall plan of objectives, principles, and tactics relating to use of technologies

The behaviors of an organization towards technology decisions

D

0

What is the defining characteristic of an eggshell planet?

Thick lithosphere

Rigid outermost shell

Ultra-thin outer brittle layer

Minimal topography

Plate tectonics

C

6

What is the status of the Australian ruling on the Myriad Genetics patent?

It has been overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court

It has been affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court

It is currently under appeal in the Full Bench of the Federal Court

It is no longer valid in Australia

It has been accepted as international precedent

C

4

Who is responsible for measuring and mitigating space debris?

NASA

European Space Agency

Private space companies

International Space Station

All of the above

E

5

Which types of equipment require coordination in motion controls?

Metal cutting machine tools

Metal forming equipment

Assembly machinery

Packaging machinery

All of the above

E

8

What evidence suggests that synthetic insulin varieties are more likely to induce hypoglycemia unawareness?

Clinical trials with diabetic patients

Animal studies with insulin-treated animals

Laboratory experiments with insulin receptors

Observational studies with insulin users

Genetic analysis of insulin-related genes

D

1

What are some examples of semi-solid materials that can be moved using screw conveyors?

Food waste and wood chips

Aggregates and cereal grains

Animal feed and boiler ash

Meat and bone meal

All of the above

E

4

Which company still manufactures highly purified animal-sourced insulin?

Wockhardt Ltd.

Lilly

Serono

Novo Nordisk

Novolin

A

0

What is the purpose of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)?

To structure a document using markup languages

To define the style information for elements of a document

To create hyperlinks in a document

To display a single page with fixed horizontal width

To allow unlimited vertical height in a document

B

2

Can the problem of finding a minimum vertex cover be solved by a polynomial-time algorithm if P ≠ NP?

Yes

No

It depends on the graph

It depends on the size of the graph

Unknown

B

5

What is the importance of studying non-covalent interactions in supramolecular chemistry?

To understand biological processes

To develop new materials

To improve drug design

To optimize chemical reactions

All of the above

E

3

Which subunit of the eIF2 protein complex is phosphorylated during the integrated stress response?

eIF2α

eIF2β

eIF2γ

ATF4

Translation initiation factor 2

A

2

What are magnetofection nanoparticles typically made from?

Silicon oxide

Gold

Silver

Iron oxide

Copper

D

4

What is the synthesis method that involves linking viral particles to magnetic particles?

Coprecipitation

Microemulsion

Avidin-biotin interaction

Salt-induced aggregation

Hydrophobic interaction

C

8

What is the relationship between species diversity and bioresilience?

Higher species diversity correlates with lower bioresilience

Higher species diversity correlates with higher bioresilience

Species diversity has no correlation with bioresilience

Lower species diversity correlates with lower bioresilience

Lower species diversity correlates with higher bioresilience

B

3

What is the kinematic structure of a serial manipulator with six revolute joints and three consecutive joints intersecting?

123 kinematic structure

312 kinematic structure

321 kinematic structure

213 kinematic structure

132 kinematic structure

C

4

Which components can also comprise the bio-recognition layer in a biosensor?

Oligonucleotide sequences

Sub-cellular fragments

Receptor carrying fragments

Single whole cells

All of the above

E

3

What technologies are commonly used in flat-panel displays?

CRT and plasma technologies

LCD and DLP technologies

LED and OLED technologies

CRT and OLED technologies

LCD and LED technologies

E

4

When can an extinct taxon be reclassified as extant?

When there are no new discoveries of living species

When there are new discoveries of living species

When previously known extant species are reclassified as extinct

When no members of the group are still alive

Never

B

3

What did the research on bioresilience around Mount Everest find?

Greater biodiversity at higher altitudes

Fewer species at higher altitudes

More species at higher altitudes

The same biodiversity at all altitudes

No change in biodiversity with altitude

B

9

What are some examples of forces studied in supramolecular chemistry?

Electrostatic charge and hydrogen bonding

Covalent bonding and metal coordination

Pi-pi interactions and van der Waals forces

Hydrophobic forces and electrostatic effects

All of the above

E

1

What does a biological patent holder have the right to do?

Exclude others from making, using, and selling the protected invention

Exclude others from importing the protected invention

Exclude others from using genetic material

Exclude others from selling genetically modified organisms

Exclude others from importing biological technology

A

4

What type of joints do serial robots typically have?

Revolute and prismatic

Spherical and cylindrical

Planar and linear

Rotational and translational

Universal and helical

A

2

Can building owners and tenants promote their own NABERS ratings?

Yes, through the online self-assessment tool

Yes, after attending NABERS training

Yes, if they have experience in property management

No, only certified ratings can be promoted

No, only Accredited Assessors can promote ratings

D

8

What type of data is collected by Accredited Assessors for NABERS Energy for offices rating?

Consumption data and building size

Water efficiency and waste efficiency

Climate location and density of occupation

Electricity and gas bills and climate location

Energy consumption and Accredited Assessors

D

8

What are some examples of components that can comprise the bio-recognition layer in a biosensor?

Oligonucleotide sequences

Sub-cellular fragments

Receptor carrying fragments

Single whole cells

Thin slices of animal or plant tissues

E

6

What is a benefit of completing design and manufacturing stages at the same time?

Reduced profit for a business

Increased cost of production

Lowering the time required for product development

Reduced communication and coordination between disciplines

Focusing only on design engineering

C

3

How many extant species of cephalopods were there as of 1987?

600

7,500

600 and 7,500

Unknown

Not mentioned in the text

A

1

Which interface is a globally standardized open digital interface for communication between industrial controls, motion devices, and I/O devices?

Sercos I

Sercos II

Sercos III

IEC 61491

IEC 61800-7

C

3

What is the purpose of the NABERS tools for offices?

To penalize building owners for factors beyond their control

To measure the efficiency of building owners and tenants

To promote the use of renewable energy in offices

To calculate the size and density of office spaces

To consider climate factors in building energy usage

B

2

What can poorly implemented concurrent engineering lead to?

Reduced profit for a business

Increased communication and coordination between disciplines

Lower cost of product development

A competitive advantage over other businesses

Sustainable environment for product development

A

0

What is the branch of chemistry that concerns chemical systems composed of a discrete number of molecules?

Inorganic chemistry

Physical chemistry

Organic chemistry

Analytical chemistry

Supramolecular chemistry

E

5

What is the prefix used to denote recombinant human proteins?

rh

re

hu

rc

rp

A

5

What does gain refer to when no direction is specified?

The measurement of how well an antenna converts input power into radio waves

The measurement of how well an antenna converts radio waves into electrical power

The ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction to the radiation intensity that would be produced if the power accepted by the antenna were isotropically radiated

The measurement of an antenna's directivity and radiation efficiency

The peak value of the gain in the direction of the antenna's main lobe

E

9

What did Lean Six Sigma combine to increase the velocity of value creation?

Lean Management and Six Sigma

Lean manufacturing and Six Sigma

Kaizen and Six Sigma

Motorola and Toyota

Allied Signal and General Electric

A

8

What is a common type of back-lighting used in flat-panel displays?

Fluorescent lighting

Incandescent lighting

LED lighting

Neon lighting

Halogen lighting

C

5

What was the outcome of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling on the Myriad Genetics patent?

It affirmed the validity of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences

It invalidated patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences

It limited the scope of patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences

It established a new framework for patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences

It had no impact on patents on naturally occurring DNA sequences

B

8

What year did Hermann Emil Fischer develop the philosophical roots of supramolecular chemistry?

1873

1883

1893

1903

1913

B

8

What is the American Petroleum Institute definition of process safety?

A framework for managing the integrity of hazardous operating systems and processes.

A discipline that focuses on preventing fires, explosions, and accidental chemical releases at process facilities.

An interdisciplinary engineering domain focusing on the study, prevention, and management of large-scale fires and explosions in process plants.

A discipline that deals with the prevention and control of events that can release hazardous materials or energy.

A framework for applying good design principles, engineering, and operating and maintenance practices.

A

9

What is the role of the bio-recognition layer in a biotransducer?

To convert an electronic signal to a biochemical signal

To convert a biochemical signal to an electronic or optical signal

To amplify the biochemical signal

To regulate the physicochemical transducer

To give the biosensor selectivity and specificity

E

1

Who is typically responsible for formulating the Information Technology Strategy?

The Chief Technology Officer (CTO)

The Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

The Chief Operating Officer (COO)

The Chief Marketing Officer (CMO)

The Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO)

A

0

What is the main advantage of a serial manipulator?

High stiffness inherent to an open kinematic structure

Errors are not accumulated from link to link

Does not have to carry and move the weight of the actuators

Relatively high effective load that it can manipulate

Large workspace with respect to the size of the robot and the floor space it occupies

E

1

Which type of therapy triggers synthesis of proteins within cells?

Antisense RNA (asRNA)

RNA interference (RNAi)

RNA aptamers

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)

D

4

What is the term used to describe the approach used in product development where functions of design engineering, manufacturing engineering, and other functions are integrated?

Concurrent design and manufacturing

Product development approach

Integrated product team approach

Sequential engineering

Simultaneous engineering

C