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综述颈椎结核手术治疗中不同内植物材料的特点及使用方法，以及新型内植物的研究进展。

To review the characteristics and applications of different implantation in cervical tuberculosis surgery and the research progress of the new implantation.

通过查阅国内外颈椎结核治疗的相关文献，从内植物分类、优缺点、发展前景等方面进行分析、归纳和总结。

By consulting relevant domestic and foreign research literature on cervical tuberculosis, the classification, advantages, disadvantages, and prospects of implantations were analyzed and summarized.

颈椎结核发病率逐年升高，且有着较高致残率。

The incidence of cervical tuberculosis has increased recently and has a high disability rate.

目前颈椎结核手术治疗中内植物材料主要分为骨性材料、金属材料以及生物活性材料，有各自优点及不足（如自体骨骨量有限、同种异体骨并发症较多、金属材料植骨融合效果较差等）。

Currently, the implantation in the surgical treatment of cervical tuberculosis are mainly divided into bone materials, metal materials, and bioactive materials; the above materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, for example, the amount of autologous bone is limited, the complications of allogeneic bone are common, and the bone fusion effect of metal materials is poor.

随着科学技术的发展，内植物材料也更加多样化。

With the development of science and technology, the implantation are also more diverse.

内植物的选择直接影响植骨融合效果，从而进一步影响颈椎结核的治疗效果；新型内植物材料的发展为颈椎结核的治疗提供了多样化选择。

The choice of the implantation affects the bone fusion directly, furthermore, it affects the effectiveness of cervical tuberculosis, the development of new implantation provides a variety of options for the treatment of cervical tuberculosis.

含克拉屈滨的强化预处理方案在异基因造血干细胞移植治疗 高危急性髓系白血病患者中的疗效和安全性分析. 探讨含克拉屈滨的强化预处理方案在治疗高危急性髓系白血病（AML）患者中的疗效、安全性及影响预后的危险因素. 回顾性分析2016年10月至2020年6月于南方医科大学珠江医院行异基因造血干细胞移植前接受克拉屈滨联合白消安及环磷酰胺（BuCy）强化预处理方案的28例高危AML患者临床资料，分析移植后累积总生存率（OS）、累积无进展生存率（PFS）、复发率、非复发死亡率（NRM）、预处理相关毒性反应（RRT）以及影响预后的危险因素. 移植后1年的预期累积OS和PFS分别为（78.8±8.6）%和（79.8±8.1）%，1年累积复发率和NRM分别为9.3%和22.0%。

To investigate the efficacy, safety and the risk factors affecting prognosis of high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated by cladribine-based intensified conditioning regimen. The clinical data of 28 patients with high-risk AML treated by cladribine in combination with busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (BuCy) intensified conditioning regimen before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from October 2016 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The overall survival (OS) rate, cumulative progression-free survival (PFS) rate, relapse rate, non-relapse mortality (NRM), regimen related toxicity (RRT) and risk factors affecting prognosis of the patients were analyzed. The 1-year OS and PFS of the patients after implantation was (78.8±8.6)% and (79.8±8.1)%, while the 1-year cumulative relapse rate and NRM of the patients was 9.3% and 22.0%, respectively.

移植前MRD^-的高危患者移植后1年预期累积OS为100%，移植前复发组1年的预期累积OS和PFS分别为（46.9±18.7）%和（50.0±17.7）%。

The 1-year expected OS of MRD^- high-risk patients before HSCT was 100%. The 1-year expected OS and PFS of the patients in pre-transplant relapse group was (46.9±18.7)% and (50.0±17.7)%, respectively.

I/II级RRT发生率为39.3％，28例患者均未发生III/IV级RRT。

The incidence of I/II grade RRT was 39.3%. NO III/IV grade RRT were found in 28 patients.

多因素分析显示，移植前复发是影响患者OS和PFS的独立不良预后因素. 克拉屈滨联合BuCy的强化预处理方案降低了高危AML移植后复发率，且其预处理相关毒性轻、安全性良好。

Multivariate analysis showed that pre-transplant relapse was the independent risk factor affecting OS and PFS of the patients. The intensified conditioning regimen of cladribine in combination with BuCy can reduce the relapse rate of high-risk AML transplantation, and its RRT is mild, exhibiting good safety.

移植前MRD^-的高危患者可取得较好的移植获益，但移植前复发患者预后的改善并不明显，因此，对于非复发的高危AML患者，可以考虑应用该强化方案作预处理。

MRD^- high-risk patients before HSCT can achieve better transplant benefits, but the prognosis of patients with relapse before transplantation is not significantly improved. Therefore, for non-relapsed high-risk AML patients, this intensified conditioning regimen deserves to be considered.

动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂是引发众多心血管疾病的主要原因，而生物力学因素在斑块破裂过程中有着重要的作用。

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases, and biomechanical factors play an important role in the process of plaque rupture.

在斑块生物力学的研究中，基于疲劳断裂破坏理论的研究相对较少，而且大部分相关研究主要关注的是裂纹从萌生直至斑块破裂的整个疲劳扩展过程，而对疲劳扩展过程中某一时刻下裂纹对斑块破裂的影响的研究较少。

In the study of plaque biomechanics, there are relatively few studies based on fatigue fracture failure theory, and most of them mainly focus on the whole fatigue propagation process from crack initiation to plaque rupture, while there are few studies on the influence of crack on plaque rupture at a certain time in the process of fatigue propagation.

本文针对这个问题建立了二维含裂纹的斑块模型，基于断裂力学理论并结合有限元数值模拟方法研究了斑块中裂纹尖端的应力强度因子（SIF）及相关影响因素，通过SIF来衡量裂纹对斑块破裂的影响程度。

In this paper, a two-dimensional plaque model with crack was established. Based on the theory of fracture mechanics and combined with the finite element numerical simulation method, the stress intensity factor (SIF) and related influencing factors at the crack tip in the plaque were studied. The SIF was used to measure the influence of crack on plaque rupture.

结果表明，裂纹的存在会引发局部应力集中进而增大斑块破裂风险。

The results show that the existence of crack can lead to local stress concentration, which increases the risk of plaque rupture.

斑块裂尖SIF与血压呈线性正相关，而与纤维帽厚度和脂质池刚度呈负相关。

The SIF at the crack tip in the plaque was positively correlated with blood pressure, but negatively correlated with fibrous cap thickness and lipid pool stiffness.

脂质池厚度和角度对斑块裂尖SIF的影响均低于4%，可以忽略不计。

The effect of the thickness and angle of lipid pool on the SIF at the crack tip in the plaque was less than 4%, which could be ignored.

本研究为含裂纹斑块的破裂风险评估提供了一定的理论依据。

This study provides a theoretical basis for the risk assessment of plaque rupture with cracks.

食管癌是我国常见恶性肿瘤之一，2015年食管癌发病率和死亡率分别为17.87/10万和13.68/10万，位列我国发病和死因顺位的第6位和第4位。

Esophageal cancer is the main malignant cancer in China. In 2015, the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer were 17.87 per 100 000 and 13.68 per 100 000, respectively, ranking 6th and 4th in the incidence and death.

食管鳞状细胞癌是我国食管癌的主要病理类型，占全部新发病例的86.3%。

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main pathological type of esophageal cancer, accounting for 86.3% of new cases.

食管鳞状细胞癌病因尚未明确，危险因素众多，尚无可大规模推广应用的分子标志物。

ESCC's pathogenesis is still not clear and its related risk factors remain to be explored. There are no detection biomarkers that can be widely applied in the whole country nowadays.

文章对食管鳞状细胞癌的主要危险因素和有潜在筛查应用价值生物标志物的研究进展进行了总结，以期为食管鳞状细胞癌的病因探索和筛查技术完善提供科学依据。

In order to provide a scientific basis for exploring the pathogenesis of ESCC and improve screening technology, this paper summarizes the research status of various risk factors and potential biomarkers of ESCC.

探讨尿道下裂初次矫治手术中阴茎脱套分离（脱套）、切断尿道板（断板）、阴茎海绵体背侧白膜折叠（背折）和筋膜皮肤覆盖操作对阴茎长度的影响。

To document the effect of surgical steps, including penile degloving, plate transection, dorsal plication, and fasciocutaneous coverage, in primary hypospadias repair on penile length.

以209例青春期前初次治疗的尿道下裂患儿作为研究对象，年龄10～97个月，平均31.7个月。

A consecutive series of 209 prepubertal boys with primary hypospadias repair was included with the age ranged from 10 to 97 months (mean, 31.7 months).

于术前（ <i>n</i>=209）、脱套后（ <i>n</i>=152）、断板后（ <i>n</i>=139）、背折后（ <i>n</i>=170）、筋膜皮肤覆盖后（ <i>n</i>=209），测量阴茎牵拉长度并比较操作前后长度差异。

Intraoperative stretched penile length (SPL) was measured before operation ( <i>n</i>=209), and after each step, namely penile degloving ( <i>n</i>=152), plate transection ( <i>n</i>=139), dorsal plication ( <i>n</i>=170), and fasciocutaneous coverage ( <i>n</i>=209).

根据术中处理，将患者分为断板组及保板组、背折组及未折组，同时将保板组进一步分为背折亚组及未折亚组；比较组间阴茎长度差异，分析上述处理对阴茎长度的影响。

SPLs before and after each steps or the entire operation were analyzed. The SPL was compared between plate transection group and plate preservation group, dorsal plication group and non-plication group, and plate preservation with plication group and plate preservation without plication group, respectively.

对脱套、断板、背折及筋膜皮肤覆盖处理前后阴茎长度差值与成形尿道长度、阴茎静息背侧长度、阴茎静息腹侧长度、术前阴茎长度及脱套后阴茎弯曲度进行多元线性回归分析，探讨阴茎长度的影响因素。

Differences of SPL between before and after each steps were analyzed with factors including neourethra length, rest dorsal penile length, rest ventral penile length, preoperative SPL, and the degree of penile curvature after penile degloving, with multivariate linear regression analysis.

断板组术后阴茎长度较术前增加（ <i>P</i><0.05），而保板组手术前后差异无统计学意义（ <i>P</i>>0.05）；断板组术后阴茎增加长度大于保板组（ <i>P</i><0.05）。

In patients with plate transection, postoperative SPL increased when compared with that before operation ( <i>P</i><0.05). No significant difference was noted in patients without plate transection ( <i>P</i>>0.05). And there was significant difference in the increased length of SPL between patients with and without plate transection ( <i>P</i><0.05).

背折组术后阴茎长度较术前增加（ <i>P</i><0.05），未折组手术前后阴茎长度差异无统计学意义（ <i>P</i>>0.05）；两组术后阴茎增加长度差异无统计学意义（ <i>P</i>>0.05）。

In patients with dorsal plication, a significant increase of postoperative SPL ( <i>P</i><0.05) was noted. No significant difference was noted in patients without dorsal plication ( <i>P</i>>0.05).

保板组中，背折亚组与未折亚组组内手术前后阴茎长度比较，以及组间手术前后阴茎长度、术后阴茎增加长度比较，差异均无统计学意义（ <i>P</i>>0.05）。

And there was no significant difference in increased length between patients with and without dorsal plication ( <i>P</i>>0.05). When patients with plate transection were excluded, dorsal plication resulted in no significant difference on postoperative SPL ( <i>P</i>>0.05).

脱套、背折及筋膜皮肤覆盖后阴茎增加长度与成形尿道长度、阴茎静息背侧长度、阴茎静息腹侧长度、术前阴茎长度及脱套后阴茎弯曲度无相关（ <i>P</i>>0.05）；成形尿道长度及术前阴茎长度是断板后阴茎增加长度的影响因素（ <i>P</i><0.05）。

The increased length of SPL after penile degloving, dorsal plication, or cutanofascial coverage was not related to the neourethra length, the rest dorsal penile length, the rest ventral penile length, the preoperative SPL, and the degree of penile curvature ( <i>P</i>>0.05). However, the neourethra length and preoperative SPL were the influencing factors for the increased length of SPL after plate transection ( <i>P</i><0.05).

尿道下裂初次矫治手术中各主要操作均会改变阴茎长度，断板增加的阴茎长度不会被背折导致的短缩完全抵消，单纯背折处理对术后阴茎长度无明显影响。

The main steps in primary hypospadias repair can change SPL. The lengthening effect of plate transection would not be counteracted by dorsal plication. Dorsal plication makes no significant difference on postoperative SPL.

【中文题目：免疫检查点抑制剂相关糖尿病2例报道及文献回顾】 【中文摘要：免疫检查点抑制剂在临床应用日益广泛，少见不良反应的发生日益增多。

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in clinic, and the incidence of rare adverse events are increasing.

本文的目的是进一步提高对免疫检查点抑制剂相关糖尿病的认识。

The aim of this paper is to better define the rare adverse effect of diabetes mellitus associated with ICIs.

我们报道2例免疫检查点抑制剂相关糖尿病病例。

We report 2 cases of diabetes mellitus associated with ICIs.

对免疫检查点抑制剂相关糖尿病进行文献复习，讨论相关临床特点、可能的机制及最佳治疗方式。

Literature review was conducted and we discussed the clinical presentation, potential mechanisms and suggestions for optimal management.

2例患者均为老年女性，1例在使用程序性死亡受体-配体1（programmed cell death-Ligand 1, PD-L1）单抗7个月后出现血糖增高，1例在使用PD-1单抗6周后出现糖尿病酮症酸中毒。

Two patients were both elderly women, case 1 had increased blood glucose after 7 months of using Durvalumab, and cases 2 had diabetic ketoacidosis after 6 weeks of using Pembrolizumab.

2例患者诊断明确后均使用外源性胰岛素控制血糖。

Both patients were administered exogenous insulin to control blood glucose.

病例1持续使用免疫检查点抑制剂至今，病例2未再接受免疫治疗。

Case 1 has been treated with Durvalumab until now and case 2 discontinued using of Pembrolizumab.

人类白细胞抗原（human leukocyte antigen, HLA）基因型等因素可能解释了某些个体出现免疫检查点抑制剂相关糖尿病的危险原因。

HLA genotypes and other factors may explain the risk factors of diabetes associated with ICIs in some individuals.

免疫检查点抑制剂相关糖尿病是一种并不少见，但可以危及生命的内分泌系统不良反应，需要医生提高警惕。

Diabetes mellitus associated with ICIs is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening endocrine system adverse event, which requires doctors to be vigilant.

使用免疫检查点抑制剂的患者需要进行血糖监测，如果出现血糖异常应及时请内分泌专科医生协助诊治。

The patients who use ICIs need to monitor blood glucose. If they have hyperglycemia, endocrinologists should be asked to assist in diagnosis and treatment.

基于煤矿区不同复垦年限土壤,研究有机肥的分解动态及其驱动因素,可为有机肥合理施用和矿区土壤培肥提供科学依据。

Understanding the decomposition dynamics and driving factors of manure in the soil subjected to different reclaimed years could provide theoretical basis to rational utilization of manure and soil fertility improvement in coal mining area.

本研究以山西煤矿复垦区为试验平台,采用尼龙网袋填埋法,在复垦年限为1年(复垦初期阶段,R₁)、10年(复垦中期阶段,R₁₀)和30年(复垦长期阶段,R₃₀)的土壤中进行有机肥分解试验(有机肥碳量与土壤重量比例为4∶100)。 供试有机肥为牛粪和猪粪,以不添加有机肥为对照(CK),填埋深度为15 cm。

Cattle manure and pig manure were mixed with soils subjected to different reclaimed years (one year, R₁; 10 years, R₁₀; and 30 years, R₃₀) at the ratio of manure carbon to soil mass of 4 to 100, so as to examine manure decomposition characteristics using the nylon mesh bag (15 cm deep of soil buried) in the Shanxi coal mine reclamation area, with no manure addition as control (CK).

在填埋后的第12、23、55、218、281和365 d采集尼龙网袋样品,测定有机肥残留量、土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量,采用方差分解分析(VPA)量化土壤性质、有机肥性质和水热条件对有机肥分解的贡献率。

Soil samples were collected at day 12, 23, 55, 218, 281, and 365 to measure the contents of soil manure residual, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The contributions of soil properties, manure properties, and hydrothermal condition to manure decomposition were quantified.

结果表明: 猪粪的分解速率显著高于牛粪。

The results showed that the decomposition rates of pig manure were significantly higher than cattle manure.

猪粪的腐殖化系数(46.3%)显著低于牛粪(71.7%);猪粪在复垦30年的土壤中的腐殖化系数(44.5%)显著低于复垦1年和10年的土壤(47.2%);而牛粪在3种复垦年限土壤中的腐殖化系数无显著差异。

The humification coefficient of pig manure (average 46.3%) was lower than that of cattle manure (average 71.7%). The humification coefficient of pig manure was significantly lower in the 30-year reclaimed soil (44.5%) compared to the 1-year and 10-year reclaimed soil (average 47.2%). There was no significant difference in the humification coefficient of cattle manure among the three reclaimed soils.

猪粪和牛粪的易分解碳库占总碳库的比例分别为52%和26%,易分解碳库分解速率常数分别为0.00085和0.00074 ℃^-1,且差异显著。

The proportion and decomposition rate constant of labile carbon pool of pig manure and cattle manure were significantly different, with values of 52% and 26%, and 0.00085 and 0.00074 ℃^-1, respectively.

在0~218 d填埋时间段内,猪粪还田对复垦土壤MBC和DOC的提升作用显著高于牛粪,在281~365 d填埋时间段内,两者差异不显著。

The positive effect of pig manure on MBC and DOC in reclaimed soil was significantly higher than that of cattle manure over 0-218 days, but no difference over 281-365 days.

有机肥还田下,3种复垦年限土壤中MBC和DOC的增长幅度均表现为R₁ >R₁₀ ≈ R₃₀。

The magnitude of the enhancement of MBC and DOC in those three reclaimed soils after manure amendments showed a similar trend of R₁ >R₁₀ ≈ R₃₀.

在土壤性质、物料性质和水热条件中,有机肥性质是其分解的主要影响因子,对有机肥分解的单独贡献率最大,为17.9%。

Results of variance partitioning analysis showed that manure decomposition was mainly controlled by manure properties (17.9%) when considering soil properties, manure properties, and hydrothermal condition.

综上,猪粪的分解受到土壤复垦年限的影响,而牛粪的分解不受土壤复垦年限的影响。

In conclusion, the decomposition of pig manure but not cattle manure was regulated by reclamation year.

在不同复垦年限土壤中,牛粪的腐殖化系数显著高于猪粪,在煤矿复垦区建议选择腐熟的牛粪进行有机肥还田,以提高土壤肥力。

Cattle manure, with higher humification coefficient than pig manure, was recommended for reclaimed mining area to improve soil fertility.

长征沿线革命老区普遍存在生态保护与社会经济发展的矛盾,生态补偿是解决这一矛盾的重要措施。

The conflict between ecological protection and socio-economic development in the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March can be addressed by ecological compensation.

基于2018年土地利用、植被净初级生产力、气候因子等数据,采用修正的当量因子法,测算长征沿线革命老区310个县域的生态系统服务价值,然后采用区域差异化生态补偿估算方法,对该地区生态补偿优先级和生态补偿额度进行划分和估算,并探讨长征沿线革命老区的生态补偿策略。

In this study, we collected 2018 data of land use, net primary productivity of vegetation, climate factors and so on. The ecosystem service value of 310 counties in the old revolutionary base areas was calculated using the data and modified equivalent factor. Then, the regional differentiated ecological compensation estimation method was applied to estimate the priority and amount of ecological compensation within the area. We further proposed the ecological compensation strategy adopted for the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March.

结果表明: 2018年,长征沿线革命老区生态系统提供总服务价值量为25937.4亿元,森林服务价值占比最高(58.8%),其次是草地和水域。

The results showed that the total value of ecosystem services in the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March amounted to 2593.74 billion yuan in 2018. Forest services took the highest proportion (58.8%), followed by grassland and waters.

长征沿线革命老区生态补偿总额为1834.05亿元,区域内所能获得的实际补偿资金与此数额相比还存在较大的资金缺口;生态补偿总额仅占沿线革命老区GDP的0.04%,对地方财政压力小,在生态补偿实践中具有一定可操作性。

The total amount of ecological compensation made for the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March reached 183.405 billion yuan. Compared with this amount, there was a large gap in the actual compensation funds available to the region. In addition, the total amount of ecological compensation accounted for only 0.04% of the aggregate GDP in this area, which put some strain on local fiscal resources and showed certain viability in ecological compensation.

2018年,长征沿线共有100个革命老区可作为生态补偿优先级地区,这与国家正在实施的国家重点生态功能区政策具有高度一致性。

In 2018, totally 100 old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March were designated as the priority areas for ecological compensation, consistent with the national key eco-function zone policy.

但生态补偿资金分配产生了较明显的偏差,重点优先级地区没有得到相应补偿。

However, there were deviations in the allocation of ecological compensation funds, with some priority areas receiving no compensation.

补偿策略上,一是立足于长征沿线革命老区特有资源,建立多元化、市场化以及综合的生态补偿机制,拓宽生态补偿资金来源;二是继续优化长征沿线革命老区生态补偿的空间选择方式,提高区域生态补偿机制效率。

As for the compensation strategy, it is necessary to put in place a diversified, market-oriented and comprehensive ecological compensation mechanism to increase the sources of ecological compensation funds at first. Then, efforts should be continued to optimize the spatial selection of ecological compensation in the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March and to improve the efficiency of regional ecological compensation mechanism.

随着ELISA、流式细胞术、定量PCR及各种组学技术的发展，免疫功能评估的手段逐步完善。

With the development of ELISA, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR and various omics techniques, the means of immune function evaluation are gradually improved.

现有的免疫功能定义如免疫过度、免疫抑制、免疫麻痹、免疫耐受均停留在描述性的概念，缺乏定量的诊断标准，结合临床表现及生物学指标将是未来最有效的量化方式。

The existing definitions of immune function, such as excessive immunity, immunosuppression, immune paralysis and immune tolerance, remain in descriptive concepts and lacks quantitative diagnostic criteria. Clinical manifestations combined with biological indicators will be the most effective quantitative method in the future.

多种免疫治疗药物的相关研究仍在进行中，而个体化免疫治疗的成功将依赖于准确的免疫功能评估。

A variety of research concentrating on immunotherapeutic drugs is still in progress, and the success of individualized immunotherapy will depend on accurate immune function evaluation.

2020年年初，新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发。

In early 2020, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic happened in China.

4.26万名医务人员和9千余名公共卫生人员驰援湖北武汉，加强重症救治、轻症收治隔离、社区拉网筛查，用3个月时间取得了武汉保卫战的胜利。

In the following three months, 42 600 medical personnels and more than 9 000 public health employees were 'rushed out' of their own position and onto Wuhan and other areas in Hubei Province. They helped to strengthen the treatment of severe cases and the isolation of mild cases, and actively carried out community screenings, and eventually won victory in the defense of Wuhan.

常态化疫情防控阶段，实施以核酸检测为主的扩大预防，完善平急结合的公共卫生体系，“歼灭”了相继发生在多地的聚集性疫情，用2~3个潜伏期控制住了疫情的传播。

During the normalization stage of prevention and control of the epidemic of COVID-19, China adopted the expanded preventive strategy by focusing on widely implement PCR testing, and integrate general and emergency departments to improve the performance of public health system. In this stage, China put out the cluster of epidemics that have occurred in several places one after another, and effectively controlled the spread of the epidemic in 2 to 3 incubation periods.

在“动态清零”新阶段，强调抓早、抓小、抓基础的精准防控，严把重点部位防控，抓住“黄金24 h”，在约1个潜伏期时间控制住疫情传播。

In the stage of 'dynamic zeroing', China emphasized the strategy of 'grasping early, grasping the basics', focused on specific measures such as precise prevention in key areas. The rule of golden 24 hours was used to control the spread of the epidemic within one incubation period.

中国始终采取积极的防控策略，其自信和定力源于坚持中国共产党的绝对领导，源于医疗卫生事业的鲜明本质，源于健康社会治理的显著优势。

During the epidemic, China continues to adopt active prevention and control strategies. This self-confidence and determination depends on adhering to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the distinct essence of medical and health services, and significant advantages of social governance on health.

2)油松林地土壤真菌多样性最高,Shannon指数和 Simpson 指数分别为3.72±0.37、0.07±0.04。

2) The diversity of soil fungi in <i>P. tabuliformis</i> forest was the highest, with Shannon index, and Simpson index being 3.72±0.37 and 0.07±0.04, respectively.

自然恢复林地真菌物种数量最高,Ace和Chao1指数分别为708.19±137.25、706.26±125.34;油松林地细菌多样性和物种数量都最高,Shannon、Simpson、Ace和Chao1指数分别为6.57±0.04、0.004±0.00、3439.81±41.67和3463.14±32.16。

The richness of fungi in naturally restored forest land was the highest, with Ace and Chao1 index of 708.19±137.25 and 706.26±125.34, respectively. The bacterial diversity and richness of species in <i>P. tabuliformis</i> forest land was the highest. The Shannon, Simpson, Ace and Chao1 indices were 6.57±0.04, 0.004±0.00, 3439.81±41.67, 3463.14±32.16, respectively.

3)不同恢复模式相对丰度差异显著的真菌属为产油菌属、枝孢菌属、链格孢属,细菌属为67-14科未定名属、红色杆菌科红色杆菌属、鞘脂单胞菌科鞘脂单胞菌属。

3) The fungus with significant difference among restoration models were <i>Solicoccozyma</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, and <i>Alternaria</i>. Bacteria from <i>Norank_f_67-14</i>, <i>Rubrobacter_f_Rubrobacteraceae</i>, <i>Sphingomonas_f_Sphingomonadaceae</i> had significant difference among restoration models.

4)微生物优势菌群与土壤理化性质的冗余分析(RDA)表明,土壤容重(BD)、碳氮比(C/N)、pH是影响真菌优势菌群的主要因子,BD、氮磷比(N/P)、全磷(TP)、全碳(TC)是影响细菌优势菌群的主要因子。

4) The RDA ordination of the dominant microbial flora and soil physical-chemical properties showed that soil bulk density (BD), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), and pH were the major factors affecting the dominant fungal flora. BD, nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N/P), total phosphorus (TP), and total carbon (TC) were the main factors affecting the dominant bacterial flora.

总体而言,不同恢复模式间真菌丰度差异性高于细菌丰度,表明真菌群落组成及其多样性对于不同树种和土壤环境变化较细菌群落更为敏感。

In general, the difference of composition and diversity in the fungal community of different restoration models was higher than that of the bacterial community, indicating that the fungal communities were more sensitive to the changes of tree species and soil environment than bacterial communities.

研究结果将为宁南山区植被恢复措施及生态系统功能稳定性的维持提供理论支持。

Our results could provide the theoretical foundation for vegetation restoration measures and the maintenance of ecosystem function stability in southern Ningxia.

然而，新辅助免疫治疗方案相关的研究起步时间较晚，研究成果相对较少且主要集中于样本量较小的I期、II期研究，治疗方案本身存在也许多尚不明确的地方，在获益人群的筛选、治疗周期的选择和疗效预测等方面也尚未达成广泛的共识。

Neoadjuvant immune therapy, however, the relevant research started late, relatively few research results and mainly focused on the small sample size of phase I and II studies, treatment itself exists many places it is not clear, also in benefit population screening, the respect such as the choice of treatment and curative effect prediction has not yet reached broad consensus.

本文综述了与新辅助免疫治疗相关的重要研究和新近成果，旨在以这些研究的成果为基础，从获益人群、治疗周期和疗效预测三个方面全方位探讨该类治疗的流程及存在的问题。

This paper reviews the important studies and recent achievements related to neoadjuvant immunotherapy, aiming to comprehensively discuss the procedures and existing problems of this kind of therapy from three aspects of beneficiary groups, treatment cycle and efficacy prediction.

为了提高下肢外骨骼机器人及其穿戴者行走的流畅性和人机相互协调性，本文提出了一种基于惯性传感器信号的下肢外骨骼穿戴者行走步速识别方法。

In order to improve the motion fluency and coordination of lower extremity exoskeleton robots and wearers, a pace recognition method of exoskeleton wearer is proposed base on inertial sensors.

首先选取大腿处和小腿处的三轴加速度和三轴角速度信号，随后根据时间窗口提取当前时刻前0.5 s的信号，以频域信号中的傅里叶变换系数为特征值。

Firstly, the triaxial acceleration and triaxial angular velocity signals at the thigh and calf were collected by inertial sensors. Then the signal segment of 0.5 seconds before the current time was extracted by the time window method. And the Fourier transform coefficients in the frequency domain signal were used as eigenvalues.

接着将支持向量机（SVM）与隐马尔科夫模型（HMM）结合作为分类模型，对该模型进行训练和步速识别。

Then the support vector machine (SVM) and hidden Markov model (HMM) were combined as a classification model, which was trained and tested for pace recognition.

最后结合步速变化规律与人-机约束力，预测当前时刻步速大小。

Finally, the pace change rule and the human-machine interaction force were combined in this model and the current pace was predicted by the model.

试验结果表明，本文提出的方法能够有效识别下肢外骨骼穿戴者的步速意图，七种步速模式识别率可达到92.14%。

The experimental results showed that the pace intention of the lower extremity exoskeleton wearer could be effectively identified by the method proposed in this article. And the recognition rate of the seven pace patterns could reach 92.14%.

本文方法为实现外骨骼与穿戴者之间的人机协调控制提供了新思路和新途径。

It provides a new way for the smooth control of the exoskeleton.

血型作为人体一种稳定的遗传标志物，在人群中呈多态性系统表达。

As a stable genetic marker of human, blood group is expressed in a polymorphic system in the population.

它与病原体主要通过抗原和抗体之间的相互作用产生效应：一方面促进病原体定植、入侵或逃避宿主清除机制，另一方面使部分宿主对相应病原体不易感。

Blood group and pathogens mainly produce effects through the interaction between antigens and antibodies. On the one hand, they can promote pathogen colonization, invasion or evasion of host clearance mechanism, and on the other hand, they can make some hosts less susceptible to corresponding pathogens.

探究血型系统与病原微生物之间的作用及其分子机制可为人类相关疾病的治疗及疫苗研发提供科学依据。

By exploring the molecular mechanism between the blood group system and pathogenic microorganisms, it can provide a scientific basis for the treatment of human related diseases and the development of vaccines.

探讨三蒂法缩乳上提术治疗乳腺癌伴中度以上生理性乳房肥大和/或中重度乳房下垂患者的临床疗效。

To explore the application and effectiveness of three-pedicle reduction mammoplasty in breast cancer patients with moderate or greater breast hypertrophy and/or moderate-to-severe breast ptosis.

回顾分析2019年1月—2021年3月采用倒T形切口三蒂法缩乳上提术治疗的15例中度以上乳房肥大和/或中重度乳房下垂的女性乳腺癌患者。

The clinical data of 15 breast cancer female patients with hypertrophy and/or moderate-to-severe breast ptosis treated by three-pedicle reduction mammaplasty with inverted T incision between January 2019 and March 2021 were retrospectively analysed.

患者年龄31～58岁，中位年龄39岁。

The patients were aged 31-58 years, with a median age of 39 years.

病程10 d～9个月，中位病程3.4个月。

The disease duration ranged from 10 days to 9 months (median, 3.4 months).

肿瘤均为单发，最大径0.5～3.9 cm，平均2.0 cm。

All patients had unifocal tumor, with a maximum diameter of primary tumor of 0.5-3.9 cm (mean, 2.0 cm), of which 12 were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma and 3 carcinoma <i>in situ</i>.

浸润性癌12例、原位癌3例；肿瘤分期：T _isN ₀M ₀ 3例，T ₁N ₀M ₀ 4例，T ₁N ₂M ₀ 2例，T ₂N ₀M ₀ 4例，T ₂N ₁M ₀ 2例。

Tumor stage: T _isN ₀M ₀ in 3 cases, T ₁N ₀M ₀ in 4 cases, T ₁N ₂M ₀ in 2 cases, T ₂N ₀M ₀ in 4 cases, and T ₂N ₁M ₀ in 2 cases.

术前患者罩杯大小为D罩杯3例、DD罩杯1例、E罩杯2例、EE罩杯2例、F罩杯2例、FF罩杯1例、≥G罩杯4例。

The preoperative cup sizes of patients were D cup in 3 cases, DD cup in 1 case, E cup in 2 cases, EE cup in 2 cases, F cup in 2 cases, FF cup in 1 case, and ≥G cup in 4 cases.

术前乳头至乳房下皱襞距离为8～18 cm，平均12.2 cm。

The distance from nipple to inframammary fold was 8-18 cm (mean, 12.2 cm) before operation.

术后定期随访，评估缩乳情况及并发症发生情况，采用乳腺癌患者报告结局量表（BREAST-Q）评价患者满意度及生活质量，并行乳腺专科彩超、胸腹部CT、全身骨扫描等检查，评估肿瘤局部复发或远处转移情况。

The patients were followed up regularly after operation to evaluate the breast reduction effect and complications; Breast cancer reporting outcome scale (BREAST-Q) was used to assess patients' satisfaction and quality of life; and ultrasound, chest and abdominal CT, whole-body bone scan were performed to assess local tumor recurrence or distant metastasis.

术后乳头位置均略高于乳房下皱襞。

The postoperative nipple position was slightly higher than inframammary fold in all patients.

术后患者罩杯大小为A罩杯3例，B罩杯6例，C罩杯4例，D罩杯1例，DD罩杯1例，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（ <i>Z</i>=3.420， <i>P</i>=0.001）。

Postoperative cup sizes were A cup in 3 cases, B cup in 6, C cup in 4, D cup in 1, and DD cup in 1, which showing significant difference when compared with preoperative cup sizes ( <i>Z</i>=3.420, <i>P</i>=0.001).

15例患者均获随访，随访时间6～33个月，中位时间9个月。

The median follow-up time was 9 months (range, 6-33 months).

2例（13.3%）出现术区蜂窝织炎，1例（6.7%）发生轻度脂肪液化，2例（13.3%）术后出现乳头感觉减退但在术后3个月有所恢复；无患者出现脂肪坏死、乳头乳晕复合体或皮瓣坏死等并发症。

Postoperatively, 2 cases (13.3%) had wound-site cellulitis, 1 (6.7%) had mild fat liquefaction, 2 (13.3%) had nipple and areola hypoesthesia but recovered after 3 months. No complication such as fat necrosis, papillary areola complex, or flap necrosis occurred.

15例患者均已行辅助放疗，其中1例（6.7%）患者在放疗后出现乳房皮肤颜色改变，所有患者均未出现严重放疗不良事件并发症。

All patients had undergone adjuvant radiotherapy, of which 1 (6.7%) showed mild skin color change after radiotherapy, but no radiotherapy-related complication occurred in all patients.

无1例患者再次入院或再次手术，也无患者因并发症延缓辅助治疗。

No patient was readmitted, received reoperation, or delayed to adjuvant therapy due to complications.