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1
00:00:05,870 --> 00:00:09,050
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡

2
00:00:09,050 --> 00:00:14,350
ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฑุงุญ ู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ุนูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ

3
00:00:14,350 --> 00:00:19,650
ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน 14 ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ Anatomy

4
00:00:19,650 --> 00:00:24,870
and physiology of the motor system part 2 ุจู‚ู‰ 

5
00:00:24,870 --> 00:00:28,730
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง slide ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

6
00:00:28,730 --> 00:00:33,710
differential between the upper motor neuron and

7
00:00:33,710 --> 00:00:38,110
lower motor neuron ูƒูŠู ู†ูุฑู‘ู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ upper motor

8
00:00:38,110 --> 00:00:43,380
neuron and lower motor neuron ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน 

9
00:00:43,380 --> 00:00:50,000
ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุฃู† upper motoneuron upper motoneuron

10
00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:58,460
lesion ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† corticospinal

11
00:00:58,460 --> 00:01:06,940
tract lesion ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ cranial nerves

12
00:01:06,940 --> 00:01:14,290
corticospinal tract lesion ุจุงู„ุจุฑ cortico nuclear

13
00:01:14,290 --> 00:01:21,290
ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ

14
00:01:21,290 --> 00:01:28,270
ุชุฑุงูƒุช ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ

15
00:01:28,270 --> 00:01:28,730
ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ

16
00:01:28,730 --> 00:01:29,270
ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ

17
00:01:29,270 --> 00:01:29,410
ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ

18
00:01:29,410 --> 00:01:33,890
ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…

19
00:01:39,390 --> 00:01:52,230
ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† nuclear lesion of cranial nerves ุงู„ุชูŠ 

20
00:01:52,230 --> 00:01:57,970
ู‡ู… motor cranial nerves motor cranial nerves ุงุซู†ุงู†

21
00:01:57,970 --> 00:02:02,590
anterior horn cells lesion

22
00:02:08,320 --> 00:02:13,100
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ cranial and

23
00:02:13,100 --> 00:02:18,840
spinal nerve lesion ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ ู…ุทู„ูˆุน

24
00:02:18,840 --> 00:02:29,520
neuromuscular and muscle fibers

25
00:02:31,280 --> 00:02:37,780
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Anterior horn cells ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ lower motor

26
00:02:37,780 --> 00:02:41,760
neuron lesion ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠู† ุณุชูŠู… ู…ู† ุงู„ motor

27
00:02:41,760 --> 00:02:45,440
nuclei in the brain stem ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ cranial

28
00:02:45,440 --> 00:02:49,640
nerves ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ fibers ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ lower

29
00:02:49,640 --> 00:02:55,820
motor neuron lesion ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ location of lesion

30
00:02:56,930 --> 00:03:01,470
ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Upper Motoneuron ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Area IV

31
00:03:01,470 --> 00:03:04,310
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Precentral Gyrus ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ู€

32
00:03:04,310 --> 00:03:07,350
Anterior Horn Cells ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ Segment ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ 

33
00:03:07,350 --> 00:03:09,890
Upper Motoneuron Lesion ุฅุฐุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ cranial

34
00:03:09,890 --> 00:03:15,290
nerves ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Area IV ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ

35
00:03:15,290 --> 00:03:19,010
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ in the brainstem ูŠุนุชุจุฑ Upper Motoneuron

36
00:03:19,010 --> 00:03:21,850
Lesion ูŠู‚ูˆู„ Upper Motoneuron Lesion ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

37
00:03:21,850 --> 00:03:27,020
Damage of Corticospinal ุฃูˆ Corticobulbar tract ุทุจ

38
00:03:27,020 --> 00:03:30,540
lower motor neuron ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฏู…ุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ anterior

39
00:03:30,540 --> 00:03:34,080
horn cells ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ muscle fibers ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ motor

40
00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:37,920
nuclei of the brain stem ุงู„ุชุงุจุนูŠู† ู„ู„ cranial

41
00:03:37,920 --> 00:03:41,780
nerves ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ muscle fibers ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ lower motor

42
00:03:41,780 --> 00:03:45,680
neuron lesion ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ corticospinal

43
00:03:45,680 --> 00:03:49,100
tract ุฑุญ ุฃุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ corticospinal location of

44
00:03:49,100 --> 00:03:55,860
paralysis ุฅุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ Corticospinal tract ุจูŠุนู…ู„ 

45
00:03:55,860 --> 00:03:59,620
incomplete decussation crossing ููŠ lower part of

46
00:03:59,620 --> 00:04:03,480
medulla ุฃูˆ ุจู„ู†ุฌุงุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„

47
00:04:03,480 --> 00:04:09,220
decussation ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ ุงู„ crossing ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุฏุซ 

48
00:04:09,220 --> 00:04:13,620
damage ู„ Corticospinal tract ุงู„ paralysis located

49
00:04:13,620 --> 00:04:18,620
below the level of lesion ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุฏุซ damage

50
00:04:21,630 --> 00:04:24,850
below the level of lesion ููŠ paralysis ุญุฏุซ damage

51
00:04:24,850 --> 00:04:28,350
ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord below the level of lesion ููŠ

52
00:04:28,350 --> 00:04:34,390
paralysis ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุชุจู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ brain ูŠุนู†ูŠ 

53
00:04:34,390 --> 00:04:39,970
above decussation ุงู„ paralysis ุฃูˆ ุงู„ hemiplegia

54
00:04:39,970 --> 00:04:43,470
ุฑุงุญ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ opposite side ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุญุฏุซ ู…ุนุงู‡

55
00:04:43,470 --> 00:04:48,450
ุฌุฑุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ left cerebral hemisphere ุงู„ุดู„ู„

56
00:04:48,450 --> 00:04:50,710
ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ right side ู„ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„

57
00:04:50,710 --> 00:04:53,370
damage ุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู‡ above the crossing above the

58
00:04:53,370 --> 00:04:57,310
decussation ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุญุฏุซ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุจู„

59
00:04:57,310 --> 00:05:03,150
ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ spinal cord injury ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุตู of motor

60
00:05:03,150 --> 00:05:06,820
function below the level of lesion ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€

61
00:05:06,820 --> 00:05:10,780
side ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ููŠู‡ damage ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ right ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุนู„ู‰

62
00:05:10,780 --> 00:05:14,320
ุงู„ right damage left ุงู„ุดู„ู„ left ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุฏุซ

63
00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:18,580
damage ู„ corticospinal tract below decussation

64
00:05:18,580 --> 00:05:24,960
below crossing ูˆุงุถุญุŸ okay again ุงู„ location of

65
00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:29,990
paralysis below the level of lesion contralateral

66
00:05:29,990 --> 00:05:33,110
above decussation ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุฌ above decussationุŒ

67
00:05:33,110 --> 00:05:36,410
ุงู„ู€ symptom ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ contralateral ุตุนุจ ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช 

68
00:05:36,410 --> 00:05:40,210
below decussationุŒ ipsilateralุŒ ipsilateral ุนู„ู‰

69
00:05:40,210 --> 00:05:45,870
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ side ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ lower motor neuronุŒ ipsilateral

70
00:05:45,870 --> 00:05:50,950
at the level of lesion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุฏู…ุฌ

71
00:05:50,950 --> 00:05:57,160
ู„ู€ axillary nerve ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ right side ุฃูˆ ุงู„

72
00:05:57,160 --> 00:06:03,440
anterior roots of C5 segment ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ right ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู„ู‰

73
00:06:03,440 --> 00:06:07,680
ุงู„ right side ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุดู„ู„ ุฃูˆ

74
00:06:07,680 --> 00:06:12,320
damageุŸ deltoid muscle ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏู„ุชูˆูŠุฏ muscle ุฑุงุญ ุชู†ุดู„ 

75
00:06:12,320 --> 00:06:16,040
ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ level ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ lower

76
00:06:16,040 --> 00:06:20,460
motor neuron symptoms ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ipsilateral ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ

77
00:06:20,460 --> 00:06:26,100
ุงู„ side ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ level ุฃู†ุง ุจุฃุดุจู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฎุท

78
00:06:26,100 --> 00:06:30,620
ูƒู‡ุฑุจ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุฎุท ูƒู‡ุฑุจ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฎุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ

79
00:06:30,620 --> 00:06:42,700
ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌ ูˆ ุจุณู„ู… ู„ ุงู„ anterior horn cells ูˆ

80
00:06:42,700 --> 00:06:48,430
ุงู„ anterior horn cells ุฑุงุญ ูŠุณู„ู… ุงู„ nerve ู†ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง

81
00:06:48,430 --> 00:06:52,050
ุจู„ูˆู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ upper motor neuron ู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู†

82
00:06:52,050 --> 00:06:58,490
ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชู‡ู…ู‡ ุตุญ ู‡ู†ุง

83
00:06:58,490 --> 00:07:02,650
above decussation ูˆู‡ู†ุง below decussation ุงู„ fibers

84
00:07:02,650 --> 00:07:09,090
ุงู„ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู‡ ุฑุงุญ ุชุณู„ู… ู„ูƒู„ level ู„ู„ anterior horn cells

85
00:07:09,090 --> 00:07:14,390
ุงู„ anterior horn cells ุฑุงุญ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„

86
00:07:14,390 --> 00:07:17,630
anterior horn cells ุชุณู„ู… ู„ู„ nerve ู„ู„ู…uscle ู„ู„ู†ูŠุฑูˆ

87
00:07:17,630 --> 00:07:27,110
ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ 

88
00:07:27,110 --> 00:07:27,130
ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ

89
00:07:27,130 --> 00:07:30,930
ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ

90
00:07:30,930 --> 00:07:36,570
ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ

91
00:07:36,570 --> 00:07:41,130
ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถ

92
00:07:42,580 --> 00:07:46,560
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุดู„ู„ ุชุญุช ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉุŒ ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณุฉุŒ

93
00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:49,120
ุนุดุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ damage above

94
00:07:49,120 --> 00:07:52,460
decussationุŒ ูู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุฏู…ุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

95
00:07:52,460 --> 00:07:55,520
spinal cordุŒ ู„ู„corticospinal tractุŒ ู„ู„ุชุฑุจุฉ

96
00:07:55,520 --> 00:08:00,040
ุงู„corticospinal tract ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุดู„ู„ ุชุญุช ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ

97
00:08:00,040 --> 00:08:02,700
ูƒู„ู‡ ุจู†ุดู„ ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุฏู‡ periodic

98
00:08:02,700 --> 00:08:06,620
succession ุฃู†ุง ุจุฃุดุจู‡ู‡ ุจุฎุท ูƒู‡ุฑุจ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู†ุงุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌ

99
00:08:06,620 --> 00:08:11,900
ูˆ ุจูˆุฒุนู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุทุงุจู‚ ู„ูƒู„ ุดู‚ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูƒู„ู‡

100
00:08:11,900 --> 00:08:16,040
ุจูŠูุตู„ ุชุญุชู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠูุตู„ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุดู‚ุฉ ุฑู‚ู…

101
00:08:16,040 --> 00:08:21,840
ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠุฑุฉ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ุตุงุญุจู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก

102
00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:25,700
ููŠ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠูุตู„ูˆุงุŸ ุฑุงุญ ูŠูุตู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุณู„ูƒ ุจุชุงุน

103
00:08:25,700 --> 00:08:33,200
ุงู„ุดู‚ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู†ุงุŸ ู…ุง ุฑุงุญ

104
00:08:33,200 --> 00:08:37,140
ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ muscleุŒ ุฑุงุญ ุชู†ุดู„ ุงู„ muscle ูˆูŠู†ุŸ

105
00:08:37,140 --> 00:08:40,900
ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูู‚ุท ู‡ู†ุง ุฑุงุญ ุชู†ุดู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ

106
00:08:40,900 --> 00:08:44,420
ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู…ุด ุณูŠู†ุงูุน ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุกุŒ

107
00:08:44,420 --> 00:08:49,170
ูˆู‚ุทุน ุนู† ุณู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ุจุชุงุน ุดู‚ุชู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก

108
00:08:49,170 --> 00:08:53,190
ุฌุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูˆ ูŠุฑุฏุณ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ุจุณ ุงู„ุดู‚ุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ

109
00:08:53,190 --> 00:08:58,350
ุงู„ lower motor neuron ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ lower motor neuron ipsilateral at

110
00:08:58,350 --> 00:09:04,430
the level of the same side ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ Paralysis ู…ู† 

111
00:09:04,430 --> 00:09:08,130
ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆ ู†ูŠุฑูˆู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† Spastic Spastic

112
00:09:08,130 --> 00:09:11,390
due to spasticity ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ shock stage ุฅู†

113
00:09:11,390 --> 00:09:14,030
ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุจุดุฑุญ ู„ูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ shock stage ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Spastic ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… 

114
00:09:14,030 --> 00:09:18,210
muscle hypertonia hyperreflexia ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ 

115
00:09:18,210 --> 00:09:21,930
ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆ ู†ูŠุฑูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูู„ุณูุฉ muscle hypotonia

116
00:09:21,930 --> 00:09:25,410
ูˆ hyperreflexia ูˆ areflexia ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ 

117
00:09:25,410 --> 00:09:31,690
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ upper motoneuron ูˆ ุงู„ lower motoneuron ู…ู†

118
00:09:31,690 --> 00:09:34,530
ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ upper motoneuron ุงู„ muscle state wasting

119
00:09:34,530 --> 00:09:38,270
or muscle hypotrophy okay very late ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑ

120
00:09:38,270 --> 00:09:45,800
ู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชุญุฏุซุŸ due to disuse ู„ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุญุงู„

121
00:09:45,800 --> 00:09:51,700
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุถู…ูˆุฑ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ

122
00:09:51,700 --> 00:09:56,280
ุงู„ lower motor neuron ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… early muscle

123
00:09:56,280 --> 00:10:01,860
hypotrophy ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ anterior horn cells ู‡ูŠ 

124
00:10:01,860 --> 00:10:06,860
ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† nourishment of the muscle fibers ุซู„ุงุซุฉ 

125
00:10:06,860 --> 00:10:11,720
ุฃูˆ ุงุซู†ุงู† ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ muscles muscle tone ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ

126
00:10:12,730 --> 00:10:16,250
tone ููŠ ุงู„ upper motor neuron ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle

127
00:10:16,250 --> 00:10:20,470
hypertonia ุฃูˆ spasticity ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ lower motor

128
00:10:20,470 --> 00:10:25,710
neuron ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle hypotonia ุฃูˆ flaccidity

129
00:10:25,710 --> 00:10:29,690
muscle fasciculation ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ muscle fasciculationุŸ

130
00:10:31,260 --> 00:10:34,320
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† spontaneous contraction of muscle

131
00:10:34,320 --> 00:10:39,720
group ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ muscle ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง contraction

132
00:10:39,720 --> 00:10:42,280
ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ absent in the upper

133
00:10:42,280 --> 00:10:47,340
motoneuron ู„ูƒู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† presented ููŠ ุงู„ lower motor

134
00:10:47,340 --> 00:10:51,900
neuron ู…ุด ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ 

135
00:10:51,900 --> 00:10:55,080
irritation or lesion of the anterior horn cells

136
00:10:55,080 --> 00:10:59,200
ุฃูˆ of the motor cranial nuclei in the brain stem

137
00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:04,540
ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ reflexes ูƒูŠู ู†ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„

138
00:11:08,180 --> 00:11:14,490
reflexes ุงู„ deep reflexes ุจูŠูƒูˆู† hyperreflexia ูŠุนู†ูŠ 

139
00:11:14,490 --> 00:11:18,030
ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ near reflex ุจูŠูƒูˆู† hyperreflexia ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„

140
00:11:18,030 --> 00:11:21,650
lower motor neuron ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† hyperreflexia ุฃูˆ

141
00:11:21,650 --> 00:11:26,750
areflexia absent of reflex ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆู†ุงุณุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ

142
00:11:26,750 --> 00:11:31,090
ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆู†ุงุณุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Rhythmic serial of

143
00:11:31,090 --> 00:11:36,470
contraction in response to sudden stretch of

144
00:11:36,470 --> 00:11:41,110
muscle tendon ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ููˆุชุŒ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง sudden stretch

145
00:11:41,110 --> 00:11:45,490
ู„ู„ุฃูƒูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฏู†ุŒ ุฑุงุญ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ููˆุช ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุดูŠุก

146
00:11:45,490 --> 00:11:49,600
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ูƒู„ูˆู†ุงุณุŒ Dorsiflexion ู…ุน plantar flexion okay

147
00:11:49,600 --> 00:11:52,680
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ severe

148
00:11:52,680 --> 00:11:56,660
hyperreflexia .. severe hyperreflexia ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง

149
00:11:56,660 --> 00:12:00,080
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ class madam severe hyperreflexia ุฑุงุญ ุชูƒูˆู†

150
00:12:00,080 --> 00:12:05,040
present in the upper motoneuron and absent in the

151
00:12:05,040 --> 00:12:09,280
lower motoneuron ุจุงุจูŠู†ุณูƒูŠ ุฑูู„ูŠูƒุณ ุฃูˆ pathological

152
00:12:09,280 --> 00:12:13,220
plantar reflex ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ upper motoneuron

153
00:12:13,220 --> 00:12:19,750
and absent in the lower motoneuron Superficial

154
00:12:19,750 --> 00:12:24,630
reflexes ุฑุงุญ ุชูƒูˆู† lost in the upper motoneuron

155
00:12:24,630 --> 00:12:28,130
below the level of lesion ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ lower

156
00:12:28,130 --> 00:12:34,090
motoneuron lost at the level of the same site ู‡ูŠ 

157
00:12:34,090 --> 00:12:38,210
ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุดุฑุญุช ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ differential between the

158
00:12:38,210 --> 00:12:42,190
upper motoneuron and lower motoneuron ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ

159
00:12:42,440 --> 00:12:46,040
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง

160
00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:49,780
ุฃูุณุนููุชูู†ูŠุด ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆ ุดุฑุญุช ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน

161
00:12:49,780 --> 00:12:53,780
ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุนุดุฑ ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†

162
00:12:53,780 --> 00:12:59,480
ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุฑ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุขู†

163
00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:04,200
ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน

164
00:13:04,200 --> 00:13:12,860
ุนุดุฑ anatomy and physiology of the motor system part

165
00:13:12,860 --> 00:13:17,300
2 ุฅุญู†ุง ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ motor

166
00:13:17,300 --> 00:13:22,040
system ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ motor

167
00:13:22,040 --> 00:13:29,440
system ู†ุจุฏุฃ 

168
00:13:29,440 --> 00:13:40,790
ุจ human reflexes reflex ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† involuntary

169
00:13:40,790 --> 00:13:42,890
action 

170
00:13:44,240 --> 00:13:49,180
performed in response to impulses ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

171
00:13:49,180 --> 00:13:53,860
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ involuntary action performed in response to 

172
00:13:53,860 --> 00:13:59,020
impulse ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ responseุŸ ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† sensory stimulus

173
00:13:59,020 --> 00:14:02,480
sensory stimulus ุฑุงุญ ู†ุดุฑุญู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… what's the

174
00:14:02,480 --> 00:14:07,060
classification of reflexes reflex ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑุฏ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุฑุฏ

175
00:14:07,060 --> 00:14:14,150
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูุนู„ peripheral reflexes autonomic ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง 

176
00:14:14,150 --> 00:14:18,310
ู…ุซู„ sympathetic ูˆ parasympathetic ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ 

177
00:14:18,310 --> 00:14:23,330
GIT reflexes ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ defecation ูˆ ุงู„ urination

178
00:14:23,330 --> 00:14:27,510
reflex ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠุตุญู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ

179
00:14:27,510 --> 00:14:31,850
ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุจุฑุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ

180
00:14:31,850 --> 00:14:36,450
reflex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ peripheral reflex ุชุงุจุน ู„ู„

181
00:14:36,450 --> 00:14:40,450
autonomic nervous system ู„ู„ parasympathetic ุฃูƒุซุฑ

182
00:14:40,450 --> 00:14:47,730
Central reflex Central reflex ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ุฑุฏ ููŠู‡ 

183
00:14:47,730 --> 00:14:50,310
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุณู…ู‡ู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู†

184
00:14:53,260 --> 00:14:59,740
Conditioned reflexes ู‡ุฐู‡ acquired ุจุชุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุฃูˆ 

185
00:14:59,740 --> 00:15:04,020
ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุชุฌูŠ by learning and training ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ

186
00:15:04,020 --> 00:15:08

201
00:16:12,490 --> 00:16:15,990
ุถูˆุก ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฑุญ ูŠุญุฏุซ construction ู„ู€ pupilsุŒ

202
00:16:15,990 --> 00:16:19,210
ู„ู„ุจุคุจุค ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูŠุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุธู„ุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ููŠ

203
00:16:19,210 --> 00:16:23,170
ุงู„ุดู…ุณุŒ ุงู„ุจุคุจุค ุงู„ู€ pupils ุฑุญ ูŠุตุบุฑ ููŠ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ

204
00:16:23,170 --> 00:16:28,450
ุตุญูŠุญ  ุฎุฑุฌู†ุง ู…ู† ุถูˆุก ู„ุบุฑูุฉ ู…ุนุชู…ุฉุŒ ุฑุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ dilatation

205
00:16:28,450 --> 00:16:32,830
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pupils ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ congenital reflex ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

206
00:16:32,830 --> 00:16:36,270
ุงู„ู€ brain  Medullary reflex ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€

207
00:16:36,270 --> 00:16:40,590
cardiovascularุŒ respiratoryุŒ digestive reflex

208
00:16:40,590 --> 00:16:46,010
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Medulla oblongata

209
00:16:46,010 --> 00:16:50,670
ููŠ spinal reflex ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู€ spinal reflex ููŠ

210
00:16:50,670 --> 00:16:55,190
superficial reflex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ skin reflex ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€

211
00:16:55,190 --> 00:17:03,060
abdominal reflexุŒ anal reflex ูˆููŠ deep reflex ู‡ุฐู‡

212
00:17:03,060 --> 00:17:09,060
ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ knee jerk, ankle jerk ุฃูˆ ankle reflex,

213
00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:15,020
jerk ุฃูˆ reflex ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆููŠ visceral reflex for

214
00:17:15,020 --> 00:17:22,840
internal organs for the internal organs ุงู„ุขู† ุฑุงุญ

215
00:17:22,840 --> 00:17:27,400
ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ spinal reflexes ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ

216
00:17:27,400 --> 00:17:31,070
ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ูˆุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ examination of

217
00:17:31,070 --> 00:17:33,950
the nervous system ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ูุญุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ reflexes

218
00:17:33,950 --> 00:17:40,010
ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ููŠู†ุง ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน spinal reflexes ููŠ

219
00:17:40,010 --> 00:17:42,930
superficial reflex ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด superficial reflex

220
00:17:42,930 --> 00:17:49,140
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ contraction ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ without joint movement

221
00:17:49,140 --> 00:17:53,460
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง abdominal reflex ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ contraction

222
00:17:53,460 --> 00:17:57,200
ู„ู„ู€ abdominal muscle gag reflex ุฃูˆ pharyngeal

223
00:17:57,200 --> 00:18:00,600
reflex ุจูŠุญุฏุซ contraction ู„ู„ู€ pharyngeal muscle

224
00:18:00,600 --> 00:18:09,460
without joint movement ุทูŠุจ biceps reflex ู‡ูŠุนุชุจุฑ

225
00:18:09,460 --> 00:18:15,810
ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ deep reflex ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูƒู„ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ deep reflex ู„ุฃู†

226
00:18:15,810 --> 00:18:20,850
ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฏุซ joint movement ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุฏุซ

227
00:18:20,850 --> 00:18:25,730
joint movement ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ deep reflex ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚

228
00:18:25,730 --> 00:18:32,270
ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ joint ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ visceral reflex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…

229
00:18:32,270 --> 00:18:35,730
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ internal organs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€

230
00:18:35,730 --> 00:18:41,380
internal organs ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ูˆุงุน superficial reflexุŸ

231
00:18:41,380 --> 00:18:46,600
ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ superficial reflexุŸ plantar reflexุŒ

232
00:18:46,600 --> 00:18:53,440
abdominal reflex ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ุฃุฎูˆู‡ ู„ูˆุญุฏ ุญูŠุต ู…ู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู†

233
00:18:53,440 --> 00:18:56,920
ุจุทู†ู‡ุŒ ุฌุฑุณ ูˆุฐูŠูƒ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุฏุซ contractionุŒ ุชู‚ูˆู„

234
00:18:56,920 --> 00:19:00,640
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญุงุตุŒ ุญุฏุซ contraction ููŠ ุงู„ู€ abdominal muscleุŒ

235
00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:05,080
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ abdominal reflex inner reflex ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง

236
00:19:05,080 --> 00:19:08,420
stroking around the anus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ external

237
00:19:08,420 --> 00:19:12,400
sphincter ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุงุฏ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุญุฏุซ contraction ู„ู€

238
00:19:12,400 --> 00:19:16,440
external sphincter ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐุง a superficial reflex

239
00:19:16,440 --> 00:19:21,500
cremastric reflex ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง

240
00:19:21,500 --> 00:19:24,760
stroking ุฃูˆ irritation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ medial aspect of

241
00:19:24,760 --> 00:19:28,480
thigh ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุฏุซ elevation of testis ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

242
00:19:28,480 --> 00:19:32,640
elevation ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฎุตูŠุฉ corneal reflex ุฃูˆ 

243
00:19:32,640 --> 00:19:38,640
conjunctival reflex ู„ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุง ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู‚ุทู† ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ

244
00:19:38,640 --> 00:19:41,620
ุงู„ุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ conjunctiva ู„ู…ุณู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุญุฏุซ ู„ุนูŠู†ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰

245
00:19:41,620 --> 00:19:45,800
ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุจู†ุบู…ุถ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุนู†ุง corneal reflex

246
00:19:45,800 --> 00:19:49,040
ุฃูˆ conjunctival reflex ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠู‡

247
00:19:49,040 --> 00:19:52,480
ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุฑูŠุญ ุบุจุฑุฉ ุฅุดุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุฑุงุญ ุชุฌู…ุฏ

248
00:19:52,480 --> 00:19:57,780
ุบู…ุถ ุนูŠู†ูƒ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐุง reflex ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญู…ูŠ ุนูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ

249
00:19:57,780 --> 00:20:03,870
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก palatal reflex ุงู„ู€ palatal reflex ููŠ ุญุงู„

250
00:20:03,870 --> 00:20:07,670
ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช irritation ู„ู„ู€ soft palate ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mouth

251
00:20:07,670 --> 00:20:11,410
ุจูŠุญุฏุซ elevation ู„ู„ู€ soft palate ุจูŠุญุฏุซ elevation

252
00:20:11,410 --> 00:20:16,630
ู„ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ soft palate ูˆ gag reflex ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡

253
00:20:16,630 --> 00:20:21,050
pharyngeal reflex ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌูŠู†ุง ูุญุตู†ุง ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง

254
00:20:21,050 --> 00:20:26,370
depression ุฃูˆ depressive ู„ู„ู€ tongue ุถุบุทู†ุง ุงู„ู€ tongue

255
00:20:26,370 --> 00:20:30,240
ุจู€ tongue depressor ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง

256
00:20:30,240 --> 00:20:33,500
irritation ุจูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ

257
00:20:33,500 --> 00:20:36,800
irritation ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ posterior wall of the pharynx ุจูŠุญุฏุซ

258
00:20:36,800 --> 00:20:40,040
contraction ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ pharyngeal muscle ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠุนู…ู„

259
00:20:40,040 --> 00:20:44,000
vomiting ู…ู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ irritation of the posterior

260
00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:47,980
wall of the pharynx ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ gag reflex ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ

261
00:20:47,980 --> 00:20:51,600
ุงู„ู€ level ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุจูŠุชู… ุงู„ู€ gag reflex ุจูŠุชู… ุนู„ู‰

262
00:20:51,600 --> 00:20:56,040
medallary level ุนุดุงู†ุŸ medullary level ุทุจ palatal

263
00:20:56,040 --> 00:21:01,940
reflex ุจูŠุชู… ุนู„ู‰ medullary level ุงู„ู€ corneal reflex ุจูŠุชู…

264
00:21:01,940 --> 00:21:09,850
ุนู„ู‰ pontine level cremasteric reflex ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

265
00:21:09,850 --> 00:21:13,470
spinal level inner reflex spinal level abdominal

266
00:21:13,470 --> 00:21:18,770
reflex ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ููŠ upper ูˆ middle ูˆ lower ุจูŠุชู…ูˆุง

267
00:21:18,770 --> 00:21:22,730
ุนู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ spinal level plantar reflex spinal

268
00:21:22,730 --> 00:21:26,930
level ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุชู…ูˆุง ูˆูŠู†ุŸ

269
00:21:26,930 --> 00:21:30,990
ุนู„ู‰ spinal level ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… spinal

270
00:21:30,990 --> 00:21:35,070
nerves ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… spinal nerves ู„ูƒู† corneal reflex

271
00:21:35,070 --> 00:21:40,170
palatal reflex ูˆ gag reflex ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… cranial

272
00:21:40,170 --> 00:21:44,550
nerves ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุชู… ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

273
00:21:44,550 --> 00:21:51,230
ู‡ูˆ brainstem ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุซู„ corneal reflex corneal

274
00:21:51,230 --> 00:21:56,390
reflex ุงู„ุฃููŠุฑุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„

275
00:21:56,390 --> 00:21:57,910
ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ sensory nerve

276
00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:07,120
ูŠุนุชุจุฑ V1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ophthalmic branch of trigeminal ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

277
00:22:07,120 --> 00:22:15,820
nerve ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ efferent ุงู„ู„ูŠ

278
00:22:15,820 --> 00:22:22,680
ู‡ูˆ motor ูŠุนุชุจุฑ facial nerve facial nerve ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

279
00:22:22,680 --> 00:22:27,400
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ contraction ู„ู„ู€ orbicularis oculi muscle ุงู„ู€

280
00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:39,930
palatal reflex ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ efferent sensory ูŠุนุชุจุฑ

281
00:22:39,930 --> 00:22:45,510
V2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

282
00:22:45,510 --> 00:22:54,850
ุทูŠุจ efferent ุงู„ู€ motor ูŠุนุชุจุฑ

283
00:22:54,850 --> 00:22:59,490
vagus nerve ุฒุงุฆุฏ cranial

284
00:23:02,360 --> 00:23:07,620
accessory ุฒุงุฆุฏ cranial accessory ูˆ gag reflex ุฃูˆ

285
00:23:07,620 --> 00:23:17,260
pharyngeal reflex afferent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ sensory ู…ุณุคูˆู„

286
00:23:17,260 --> 00:23:21,660
ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ sensory ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ glossopharyngeal

287
00:23:21,660 --> 00:23:26,880
nerve ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ efferent

288
00:23:32,660 --> 00:23:39,100
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ palatal ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† vagus nerve ุฒุงุฆุฏ cranial

289
00:23:39,100 --> 00:23:45,980
accessory ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… cranial reflexes

290
00:23:58,090 --> 00:24:02,910
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู‚ุทู† ูˆู…ุดูŠุชู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰

291
00:24:02,910 --> 00:24:06,470
conjunctiva of the eye ุฑุงุญ ูŠุดุนุฑูˆุง ุจุงู„ู€ irritation

292
00:24:06,470 --> 00:24:09,450
ุงู„ู€ receptor ุฑุงุญ ูŠุดุนุฑูˆุง ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

293
00:24:09,450 --> 00:24:12,430
ophthalmic nerve of the trigeminal ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ

294
00:24:12,430 --> 00:24:17,710
ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ brain stem ู„ู„ู€ pons ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู€

295
00:24:17,710 --> 00:24:20,430
motor fibers ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ facial nerve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุบู…ุถ

296
00:24:20,430 --> 00:24:23,750
ู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ closure ู„ู„ู€ eye ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ reflex

297
00:24:23,750 --> 00:24:29,640
ุงุณู…ู‡ conjunctival ุฃูˆ corneal reflex ุทูŠุจ deep

298
00:24:29,640 --> 00:24:35,260
reflexes ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… proprioceptive ุฃูˆ stretch spinal

299
00:24:35,260 --> 00:24:42,660
reflex ุฒูŠ knee jerkุŒ biceps reflexุŒ triceps reflexุŒ

300
00:24:42,660 --> 00:24:46,840
supinator ุฃูˆ brachioradialis reflexุŒ knee reflex

301
00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:52,120
ankle ุฃูˆ Achilles reflex ุฃูˆ jerk ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุถุฑุจู†ุง ุน ุงู„ู€

302
00:24:52,120 --> 00:24:58,120
tendon of biceps ุจุงู„ู…ุทุฑู‚ุฉ ุจุชุงุนูŠ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฅูŠู‡

303
00:24:58,120 --> 00:25:02,940
friction ู„ู„ู€ elbow ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ reflex deep ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠู‡ deep

304
00:25:02,940 --> 00:25:11,900
ู„ุฃู† ุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจุชุงุนู‡ human reflex arc the reflex

305
00:25:11,900 --> 00:25:20,630
arc include afferent input sensory nerve center

306
00:25:20,630 --> 00:25:25,010
ุฃูˆ interneuron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ integrative center ูˆ

307
00:25:25,010 --> 00:25:30,210
efferent output ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ motor you can afferent

308
00:25:30,210 --> 00:25:37,330
input ุฃู†ุง ุฃูˆ

309
00:25:37,330 --> 00:25:43,830
ู‡ุงู† again afferent input ุฃูˆ sensory nerve center ุฃูˆ

310
00:25:43,830 --> 00:25:47,930
interneurons ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ integrative center ูˆ if you

311
00:25:47,930 --> 00:25:58,970
want output ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ motor ู†ุดูˆู

312
00:25:58,970 --> 00:26:06,890
reflex arc ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ reflex arc

313
00:26:06,890 --> 00:26:10,710
knee jerk ุฅูŠุด ุญุฏุซ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ knee jerk ุนู…ู„ู†ุง

314
00:26:20,700 --> 00:26:25,220
ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุฑูˆุญ ุจุงู„ู€ Afferent ุจุงู„ู€ Sensory Input

315
00:26:25,220 --> 00:26:34,070
ุทู„ุนุช ุจุงู„ู€ Sensory Fibers of the femoral nerve ู‡ูˆ

316
00:26:34,070 --> 00:26:37,990
ุฑุงุญุช ู„ู„ู€ posterior ganglion ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู€ posterior

317
00:26:37,990 --> 00:26:47,350
horn cells ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู„ุต ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ sensory input

318
00:26:47,350 --> 00:26:49,650
you gonna have ุงู„ู€ efferent pathway ุจุชุงุนู‡

319
00:26:54,260 --> 00:26:59,660
ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† sensory input ู„ู€ motor output

320
00:26:59,660 --> 00:27:04,260
ุทุจ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… Interneurons

321
00:27:07,510 --> 00:27:11,530
ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู… interneurons ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ posterior

322
00:27:11,530 --> 00:27:16,990
horn cells ูˆุงู„ู€ anterior horn cells ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ segment ูˆ

323
00:27:16,990 --> 00:27:22,670
ู…ู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ู… regulationุŸ Corticospinal tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ

324
00:27:22,670 --> 00:27:28,690
ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cortex ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ู… regulation ุทูŠุจ

325
00:27:28,690 --> 00:27:34,330
ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู€ output motor ุจุงู„ู€ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ anterior horn

326
00:27:34,330 --> 00:27:39,050
cells ููŠ motor neurons ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุจุงู„ู€ anterior

327
00:27:39,050 --> 00:27:44,490
root ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุฌุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ motor fibers of the femoral

328
00:27:44,490 --> 00:27:49,860
nerve ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠุบุฐูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ muscle fibers of

329
00:27:49,860 --> 00:27:53,720
quadriceps muscle ุจูŠุญุฏุซ contraction ููŠ ุงู„ู€

330
00:27:53,720 --> 00:27:57,900
quadriceps ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ contraction ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ knee

331
00:27:57,900 --> 00:28:02,820
extension knee extension ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ reflex ุฃู†ุง

332
00:28:02,820 --> 00:28:07,560
ุดุฑุญุช ู„ูƒู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ knee reflex ุฃูˆ knee jerk

333
00:28:19,680 --> 00:28:26,480
Okay ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ knee jerk ู†ุฑุฌุน reflex arc ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„

334
00:28:26,480 --> 00:28:33,460
stretch reflex ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑู‡ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠู‡ tapping ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

335
00:28:33,460 --> 00:28:37,660
tendon of the muscle ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฑุงุญ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

336
00:28:37,660 --> 00:28:43,930
receptor ุนู„ู‰ sensory fibers of the nerve ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ

337
00:28:43,930 --> 00:28:47,090
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ posterior root ganglion ู‡ุชุฏุฎู„ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ

338
00:28:47,090 --> 00:28:50,150
ู„ู„ู€ posterior horn cells

339
00:28:50,150 --> 00:28:55,310
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ posterior horn cells ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

340
00:28:55,310 --> 00:29:00,670
ุงู„ู€ anterior horn cells ูˆุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง sensory ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ sensory

341
00:29:00,670 --> 00:29:01,310
pathway

342
00:29:06,010 --> 00:29:10,290
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุนู†

343
00:29:10,290 --> 00:29:14,150
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ Interneuron ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ level ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ

344
00:29:14,150 --> 00:29:18,250
ุงู„ู€ segment ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠู† posterior horn cells and

345
00:29:18,250 --> 00:29:22,510
anterior horn cells ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุชุฑุฌุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ

346
00:29:22,510 --> 00:29:26,130
neuron ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior horn cells ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู€

347
00:29:26,130 --> 00:29:30,640
anterior root ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ motor fibers of the nerve

348
00:29:30,640 --> 00:29:35,180
ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ contraction ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆุจูŠุคุฏูŠ

349
00:29:35,180 --> 00:29:42,800
ุงู„ู€ reflex ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ reflex arc ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡

350
00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:47,880
ุดุฑุญุช ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ deep reflex ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€ knee jerk

351
00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:53,580
ุงู„ู€ knee jerk ูˆุชูƒู„ู…ุช ุนู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ slide ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ

352
00:29:53,580 --> 00:29:58,350
ุจูŠูƒุฑุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ knee jerk ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

353
00:29:58,350 --> 00:30:02,430
stretch reflex induced by stimulation of receptor

354
00:30:02,430 --> 00:30:07,950
by tapping of the patellar tendon of quadriceps

355
00:30:07,950 --> 00:30:11,570
muscle ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ patellar tendon ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€

356
00:30:11,570 --> 00:30:15,630
quadriceps muscle ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ุจุงู„ู€ sensory fibers

357
00:30:15,630 --> 00:30:19,030
of the femoral nerve ุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ posterior root ุจุนุฏู‡ุง

358
00:30:19,030 --> 00:30:23,460
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ posterior horn cells ุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู€ sensory input ุจุนุฏู‡ุง

359
00:30:23,460 --> 00:30:27,960
ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู„ู€ motor output ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

360
00:30:27,960 --> 00:30:31,760
ู‡ูˆ Interneurons Interneurons ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุงุฌุจุชู‡ู…

361
00:30:31,760 --> 00:30:38,250
integrative center ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… Center for reflex ุจุนุฏ

362
00:30:38,250 --> 00:30:43,470
ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุฑุฌุน ุจุงู„ู€ anterior root ู„ู€ motor

363
00:30:43,470 --> 00:30:46,890
fibers of the femoral nerve ุจูŠุนู…ู„ supplying ู„ู€

364
00:30:46,890 --> 00:30:49,550
quadriceps muscle quadriceps muscle ุจุชุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง

365
00:30:49,550 --> 00:30:53,470
contraction ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู€ quadriceps contraction

366
00:30:53,470 --> 00:30:59,810
leads to extension of the knee joint ุจูŠุนู…ู„

367
00:30:59,810 --> 00:31:05,530
extension ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ knee joint ุทูŠุจ visceral ุฃูˆ

368
00:31:05,530 --> 00:31:10,550
autonomic reflexes ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ู… micturition reflex ุงู„ู€

369
00:31:10,550 --> 00:31:13,470
reflex ุฑุฏ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุชุจูˆู„ ุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุตุญู‰ ุตุจุงุญู‹ุง

370
00:31:13,470 --> 00:31:17,090
ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ micturition ู‡ุฐุง reflex ุงุซู†ูŠู†

371
00:31:17,090 --> 00:31:23,530
defecation reflex ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุชุจุฑุฒ erection reflex

372
00:31:27,180 --> 00:31:31,440
that inhibits gastrointestinal motility in response

373
00:31:31,440 --> 00:31:35,640
to peritoneal irritation ู„ูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ peritonitis

374
00:31:35,640 --> 00:31:39,980
inflammation of the peritoneum ููŠ reflex ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„

375
00:31:39,980 --> 00:31:45,420
ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุจุทู† ู‡ุฐุง

376
00:31:45,420 --> 00:31:50,440
reflex ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ ุดุบู„ Autonomic reflexes in the spinal

377
00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:52,580
cord ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ Autonomic reflexes in the spinal

378
00:31:52,580 --> 00:31:58,640
cordุŸ change in vascular tone resulting from change

379
00:31:58,640 --> 00:32:03,440
in local skin temperature ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุฏ ุฃูˆ ุจุงุฑุฏ ุจุงู„ู„ุงุญุธ ..

380
00:32:03,440 --> 00:32:06,960
ุจุงู„ู„ุงุญุธ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ vasoconstrictionุŒ spasm ู„ู„ู€ artery

381
00:32:06,960 --> 00:32:10,780
ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุดุงุญุจ ุฃุจูŠุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ spasm ุนุดุงู†

382
00:32:10,780 --> 00:32:14,420
ูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง

383
00:32:14,420 --> 00:32:18,560
ุงู„ู€ sauna ุฃูˆ ููŠ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุตูŠู ุฃูˆ ุบุตุต ุจูŠุญุฏุซ vasodilationุŒ

384
00:32:18,560 --> 00:32:23,160
ุจุชูˆุณุน ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฎุฑุฌู‘ูˆุง ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู€ ..

385
00:32:23,160 --> 00:32:28,120
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ temperature ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… sweating

386
00:32:28,120 --> 00:32:33,680
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุน

401
00:33:30,740 --> 00:33:35,720
ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ motor unit ูˆ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ 

402
00:33:35,720 --> 00:33:39,780
ุงู„ู€ muscle tissue ูˆ ุงู„ู€ muscle fibers ูˆ ุงู„ู€ muscle 

403
00:33:39,780 --> 00:33:41,940
contraction of the skeletal muscle