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1
00:00:04,990 --> 00:00:08,610
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡

2
00:00:08,610 --> 00:00:16,990
ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุฑ Parkinson disease ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡

3
00:00:16,990 --> 00:00:21,690
akinetic rigid syndrome akinetic rigid syndrome

4
00:00:21,690 --> 00:00:27,290
ุฅูŠุด 

5
00:00:27,290 --> 00:00:31,950
ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุชุงุน Parkinson disease ู…ุฑุถ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู†

6
00:00:31,950 --> 00:00:47,020
ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Chronic slowly 

7
00:00:47,020 --> 00:00:51,700
progressive neurodegenerative

8
00:00:51,700 --> 00:00:59,080
disorder characterized by loss of pigmented

9
00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:04,240
neurons loss of pigmented neurons ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ pigmented

10
00:01:04,240 --> 00:01:07,160
neurons ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง pigmented

11
00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:14,760
dopaminergic neurons ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ in the substantia

12
00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:18,820
nigra ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ substantia nigra ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุจุจุŸ

13
00:01:18,820 --> 00:01:27,920
causing tremor at rest muscle rigidity bradykinesia

14
00:01:27,920 --> 00:01:31,940
and often associated with dementia ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจุชุงุน

15
00:01:31,940 --> 00:01:36,140
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู„ุฎุตู†ุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

16
00:01:36,140 --> 00:01:42,140
chronic slowly progressive neurodegenerative

17
00:01:42,140 --> 00:01:47,700
disorder characterized by loss of pigmented

18
00:01:47,700 --> 00:01:53,760
dopaminergic neurons caused by ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ

19
00:01:54,800 --> 00:01:59,120
resting Tremor ุงุซู†ูŠู† Muscle Rigidity ุซู„ุงุซุฉ 

20
00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:04,200
Bradykinesia ุฃูˆ Hypokinesia and often associated

21
00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:08,340
with dementia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ

22
00:02:08,340 --> 00:02:11,740
ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ substantia nigra ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

23
00:02:11,740 --> 00:02:18,620
middle brain ุจุณุจุจู†ุง Tremor at rest Muscle Rigidity

24
00:02:20,630 --> 00:02:24,630
bradykinesia ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠุจูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒูŠุง ุจุทุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆ

25
00:02:24,630 --> 00:02:32,310
dementia ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ุน ุนู…ุฑู‡ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู‡

26
00:02:32,310 --> 00:02:35,470
ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ dopaminergic neurons ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠุจุฏุฃ 

27
00:02:35,470 --> 00:02:39,370
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ Parkinson disease ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†

28
00:02:39,370 --> 00:02:45,950
compensated ู…ุชู‰ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ู…ุฑุถ Parkinson ููŠ ุญุงู„

29
00:02:48,040 --> 00:02:54,120
ุญุฏุซ ู†ู‚ุต ุฃูˆ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู„ุณุชูŠู† ููŠ

30
00:02:54,120 --> 00:02:58,160
ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ dopaminergic containing neurons ููŠ

31
00:02:58,160 --> 00:03:02,000
ุงู„ู€ substantia nigra ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูŠ ุณุจุนูŠู†

32
00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:06,680
ู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ Corpus

33
00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:12,700
striata ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฃุชู‰ ู…ุฑุถ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุณู…ุน ู…ุฑุถ

34
00:03:12,700 --> 00:03:17,920
ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุณู†ุฉ ุฃู„ู ูˆุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ู„ู†ุจุง ููŠ

35
00:03:17,920 --> 00:03:25,360
ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ุฌูŠู…ุณ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุฃูˆู„ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูƒุชุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง

36
00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:30,320
ูˆุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ shaking palsy shaking palsy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดู„ู„

37
00:03:30,320 --> 00:03:34,040
ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ุณู…ุน ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ุฃูˆ

38
00:03:34,040 --> 00:03:39,330
ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Parkinson disease ู…ุฑุถ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู†. ุงุชูˆูู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌูŠู…ุณ 

39
00:03:39,330 --> 00:03:43,450
ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุณู†ุฉ ุฃู„ู ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†. ูˆููŠ ูุฑู†ุณุง ููŠ

40
00:03:43,450 --> 00:03:48,830
ุจุงุฑูŠุณ ุฌูŠู… ู…ุงุฑุชู† ุชุดุงุฑูƒูˆุช ุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจุงุณู… ุฌูŠู…ุณ

41
00:03:48,830 --> 00:03:52,870
ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุงุญุชุฑุงู…ุง ู„ู‡ ูˆุณู…ู‰ Parkinson disease ูŠุจู‚ู‰

42
00:03:52,870 --> 00:03:56,250
ุฌูŠู…ุณ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ shaking palsy ุนุงุด 

43
00:03:56,250 --> 00:04:00,430
ูˆุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชูˆููŠ ุชู… ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจุงุณู… ุฌูŠู…ุณ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู†

44
00:04:00,430 --> 00:04:05,910
ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆุณู…ูˆู‡ Parkinson disease ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ James

45
00:04:05,910 --> 00:04:09,410
Parkinson ูˆู„ุฏ ุณู†ุฉ ุฃู„ู ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูˆุชูˆููŠ

46
00:04:09,410 --> 00:04:13,910
ุณู†ุฉ ุฃู„ู ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ูƒุชุจ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ

47
00:04:13,910 --> 00:04:18,050
ุณู…ุงู‡ shaking palsy ููŠ ู„ู†ุฏู† ุณู†ุฉ ุฃู„ู ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุณุจุนุฉ

48
00:04:18,050 --> 00:04:24,990
ุนุดุฑ ุฃุจูˆ ุนู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุฑุญู…ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุจุง ูŠูˆุญู†ุง ุจูˆู„ุณ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ูƒู„ุงูŠ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจู…ุฑุถ

49
00:04:24,990 --> 00:04:28,750
Parkinson ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจู…ุฑุถ Parkinson 

50
00:04:28,750 --> 00:04:31,470
ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจู…ุฑุถ Parkinson

51
00:04:35,720 --> 00:04:40,180
ุนู„ู‰ Epidemiology of Parkinson Disease Parkinson 

52
00:04:40,180 --> 00:04:44,400
Disease is the most common neurodegenerative

53
00:04:44,400 --> 00:04:49,960
disease after Alzheimer ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ second most

54
00:04:49,960 --> 00:04:55,200
common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer 

55
00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:57,120
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Alzheimer ุจูŠุญุชู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

56
00:04:57,120 --> 00:05:01,200
neurodegenerative ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ Parkinson Disease

57
00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:06,320
ุงู„ู€ annual incidence ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูƒู„ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุฃู„ู

58
00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:11,140
ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุฃู„ู ุงู„ู€ age of onset ุฎู…ุณูŠู†

59
00:05:11,140 --> 00:05:16,960
ุณู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ peak ุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† 

60
00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:21,680
ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุณู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ุจูŠุญุฏุซ decline

61
00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:26,720
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุณู† ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ุจุนุฏ

62
00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:32,180
ุณู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ุจูŠุญุฏุซ decline ูˆุจูŠู†ุฎูุถ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ

63
00:05:32,180 --> 00:05:36,200
ู‡ุฐุง 4 ุฅู„ู‰ 10% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌูŠุกูˆุง ู‚ุจู„ ุณู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†

64
00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:42,160
ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุก ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ ุณู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„ work

65
00:05:42,160 --> 00:05:45,920
up good work up ุชูˆูƒุณูŠูƒู„ูˆุฏ secondary parkinsonism

66
00:05:45,920 --> 00:05:49,720
ุชูˆูƒุณูŠูƒู„ูˆุฏูŠุช ูŠูˆู…ุงุฑ ูˆูŠู„ุณูˆู† disease and other

67
00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:54,880
neurodegenerative disease and others focal brain

68
00:05:54,880 --> 00:06:01,320
damage 6 ุงู„ู€ incidence ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู…ูŠู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ

69
00:06:01,320 --> 00:06:06,480
ู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ ratio Familial Incidence 95% ู…ู† ู…ุฑุถ

70
00:06:06,480 --> 00:06:10,380
ุงู„ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Sporadic Cases Sporadic Cases ูˆ

71
00:06:10,380 --> 00:06:17,520
ูู‚ุท 5% ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง Familial Ideology of Parkinson

72
00:06:17,520 --> 00:06:22,280
Disease Most cases of Parkinson Disease are

73
00:06:22,280 --> 00:06:26,760
idiopathic ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง Sporadic Cases ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง due

74
00:06:26,760 --> 00:06:29,320
to combination of genetic and environmental

75
00:06:29,320 --> 00:06:36,120
factors Theory ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก accelerated aging ุฃู‡ู… risk 

76
00:06:36,120 --> 00:06:41,860
factor ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน Parkinson disease is age gene

77
00:06:41,860 --> 00:06:46,900
mutation environmental factor ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ

78
00:06:46,900 --> 00:06:52,160
ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ู…ู† ุจูˆุฏุงุช

79
00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:57,880
ุญุดุฑุงุช ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุณู…ูˆู… ุฅู†ุณุงู† life experience

80
00:06:57,880 --> 00:07:02,980
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ูˆุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ู…ู„ุงูƒู… ุฃูˆ ู…ุตุงุฑุนูŠ ุฒูŠ

81
00:07:02,980 --> 00:07:06,780
ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ูƒู„ุงูŠ ูˆุจุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ู€ recurrent head trauma ูƒู„

82
00:07:06,780 --> 00:07:12,140
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ Parkinson what's the risk factor

83
00:07:19,430 --> 00:07:25,450
ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃู‡ู… risk factor ุงุซู†ุงู† genetic

84
00:07:25,450 --> 00:07:31,110
factors ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… monozygotic ู…ู†

85
00:07:31,110 --> 00:07:35,730
ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ Parkinson ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†

86
00:07:35,730 --> 00:07:40,210
ุงู„ู€ dizygotic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠ ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ

87
00:07:40,210 --> 00:07:45,990
Male 6 ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ male ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ female ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†

88
00:07:47,270 --> 00:07:52,450
environmental factors ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน

89
00:07:52,450 --> 00:07:58,310
ุณู…ูˆู… ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ุญุดุฑูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ heavy metals ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ 

90
00:07:58,310 --> 00:08:03,570
ุฅู„ู‰ neurodegeneration life experience ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุช ู…ุนูƒู… 

91
00:08:03,570 --> 00:08:08,270
ุนู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ recurrent trauma ู…ุซู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„

92
00:08:08,270 --> 00:08:15,910
ู…ู„ุงูƒู… ู…ุตุงุฑุน ุงู„ู€ recurrent emotional stress ุทูŠุจ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน

93
00:08:15,910 --> 00:08:20,370
cigarette smoking and caffeine intake ุงู„ู†ุงุณ

94
00:08:20,370 --> 00:08:25,230
ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู†ูŠู† ูˆุจูŠุดุฑุจูˆุง ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง inverse correlation

95
00:08:25,230 --> 00:08:29,150
between cigarette smoking, caffeine intake and

96
00:08:29,150 --> 00:08:31,170
Parkinson disease ูˆู…ุด Parkinson ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุญุฏู‡

97
00:08:31,170 --> 00:08:35,190
Alzheimer ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู†ูŠู† ูˆุจูŠุดุฑุจูˆุง ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ

98
00:08:35,190 --> 00:08:40,150
ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ Parkinson ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู†ูŠู†

99
00:08:40,150 --> 00:08:44,310
ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุชุฏุฎูŠู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฎูŠู†

100
00:08:44,310 --> 00:08:51,450
ู…ูƒุฑูˆู‡ ูˆู…ุญุฑู… anatomy of ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุณุงูˆุฆู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุง ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡

101
00:08:51,450 --> 00:09:01,610
anatomy of basal nuclei ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠ ูŠุชู…

102
00:09:01,610 --> 00:09:07,330
ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุจูŠู„ูŠุฑ

103
00:09:07,330 --> 00:09:12,490
ูˆุงู„ุฅูƒุณุชุฑุงุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุณุชู… ู…ุน ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ุฌุฐุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… 

104
00:09:12,490 --> 00:09:23,340
ุฃูˆ ู„ุฌุฐุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุฑู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด

105
00:09:23,340 --> 00:09:28,700
extrapyramidal nervous systemุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† paired

106
00:09:28,700 --> 00:09:33,280
subcortical collection ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุฒุง

107
00:09:33,280 --> 00:09:37,320
ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุฒุง ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฆูŠุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง red

108
00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:41,580
nucleus ูˆ substantia nigraุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุงุจุน ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน

109
00:09:41,580 --> 00:09:45,600
extrapyramidal nervous system ูˆ subthalamus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 

110
00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:48,980
ุชุงุจุน ู„ู„ุฏูŠุงู†ุณูŠูุฑูˆู† ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ functional ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡

111
00:09:48,980 --> 00:09:51,540
ุจุงู„ุจูŠุฒุง ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ extrapyramidal nervous

112
00:09:51,540 --> 00:09:57,290
system ู…ุงุดูŠ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฒุง ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฒุง ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ุชุชูƒูˆู†

113
00:09:57,290 --> 00:10:04,250
ู…ู† ูƒูˆุฏุงุช ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ 24 ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† 

114
00:10:04,250 --> 00:10:09,810
ุจูŠูˆุชุงู…ูŠู† and ุบู„ูˆุจุงุณ ุจุงู„ูŠุฏุงุณ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุฏุงู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุจุงุฏูŠ and

115
00:10:09,810 --> 00:10:18,370
ูƒู„ุงูˆุณุฑุงู… ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡ู… ู„ู„ุจูŠุฒุง ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ู†ุญู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฏู‚ู†ุง

116
00:10:18,370 --> 00:10:23,230
ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏุงุช ู‡ุชุฏู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู†ุชูŠููˆุฑู… ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†

117
00:10:23,230 --> 00:10:28,830
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุดุฑุญุชู‡

118
00:10:28,830 --> 00:10:32,850
ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฒุง ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† Large ูˆ Lateral ูˆ Dark

119
00:10:32,850 --> 00:10:38,450
part ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุชุงู…ูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุบู„ูˆุจุงุณ ุจุงู„ูŠุฏุงุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„

120
00:10:38,450 --> 00:10:42,690
medium and small light ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู‡ุฏุก ูˆุงู„ูƒูˆุฏุงุช 

121
00:10:42,690 --> 00:10:43,270
ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏุงุช

122
00:10:47,910 --> 00:10:52,630
ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนุชู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… Corpus striatum Corpus

123
00:10:52,630 --> 00:10:58,970
striatum ูˆู„ูˆ ุฃุชูŠู†ุง ุฑูุนู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู†ุชูŠููˆุฑู… ุฑูุนู†ุง globus

124
00:10:58,970 --> 00:11:02,850
pallidus ูˆุฌู…ุนู†ุง ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุชุงู…ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏุงุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถ

125
00:11:02,850 --> 00:11:08,670
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ striatum ุฃูˆ neo striatum striatum ุฃูˆ neo

126
00:11:08,670 --> 00:11:16,170
striatum ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู‡ู… ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุถ

127
00:11:16,170 --> 00:11:20,310
ุงู„ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 70 ู„ู€ 80%

128
00:11:20,310 --> 00:11:26,730
ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ

129
00:11:26,730 --> 00:11:34,030
ู…ุซู„ ุญุฑู ุงู„ู€ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ head body ูˆ tail ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ 

130
00:11:34,030 --> 00:11:41,520
tail ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ amygdaloid body Substantia Negra

131
00:11:41,520 --> 00:11:49,100
Substantia Negra ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†

132
00:11:49,100 --> 00:11:55,360
ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ subthalamus Substantia Negra

133
00:11:55,360 --> 00:12:03,780
Substantia 

134
00:12:03,780 --> 00:12:09,250
Negra ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mid brain ูˆุงู„ู€ subthalamus ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

135
00:12:09,250 --> 00:12:12,230
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ diencephalon ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุดุฑูŠุญูŠุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฐูˆู„

136
00:12:12,230 --> 00:12:18,410
ุงุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ subthalamus ุงู„ู€ diencephalon ูˆ

137
00:12:18,410 --> 00:12:22,760
substantia midbrain ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ physiology Good

138
00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:27,760
relation between the subthalamus and a substantia

139
00:12:27,760 --> 00:12:32,940
nigra ูŠุนุชุจุฑ substantia nigra ูˆ ุงู„ู€ subthalamus ู…ู†

140
00:12:32,940 --> 00:12:36,160
ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ูุณูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ extra pyramidal

141
00:12:36,160 --> 00:12:40,600
nervous system the neurons of the substantia nigra

142
00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:46,320
are dopaminergic ุจูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ููŠ 

143
00:12:46,320 --> 00:12:51,710
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ูˆ

144
00:12:51,710 --> 00:12:55,970
ุงู„ู€ acetylcholine ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู†ุŒ ููŠ balance ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ููŠ 

145
00:12:55,970 --> 00:13:00,670
balance ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ acetylcholine ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†

146
00:13:00,670 --> 00:13:04,370
inhibitoryุŒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acetylcholine

147
00:13:04,370 --> 00:13:09,490
excitationุŒ stimulationุŒ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ูƒูุฉ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ

148
00:13:09,490 --> 00:13:16,040
ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุจู‚ู„ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ 

149
00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:20,920
ุจุชู‚ู„ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุฏุงู… ู‚ู„ุช ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุณุจุฉ

150
00:13:20,920 --> 00:13:27,420
ูˆุชู†ุงุณุจ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ acetylcholineุŒ ุจุญุฏุซ disbalanceุŒ

151
00:13:28,180 --> 00:13:31,000
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Normal Condition and Normal Population

152
00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:34,480
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ Acetylcholine ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠู†ุฑุฌูŠูƒ ุงู„ู€

153
00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:37,820
Excitation ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠูƒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†

154
00:13:37,820 --> 00:13:43,840
ุงู„ู€ inhibition ููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… Balance ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุฏุซ ู†ู‚ุต ุฃูˆ

155
00:13:43,840 --> 00:13:50,130
ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ูƒูุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุฑุงุญ ุชุฑุฌุญ ุงู„ู€

156
00:13:50,130 --> 00:13:53,610
cholinergic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ excitation ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ 

157
00:13:53,610 --> 00:13:57,130
ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ Parkinson disease ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ููŠ

158
00:13:57,130 --> 00:14:01,330
Parkinson disease ู†ุณุจุฉ ูˆุชู†ุงุณุจ ุฑุงุญ ุงู†ุฎูุถ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†

159
00:14:01,330 --> 00:14:04,290
ูˆุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ acetylcholine ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acetylcholine ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ

160
00:14:04,290 --> 00:14:09,610
ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู†ุฎูุถ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ ูู‚ุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู€

161
00:14:09,610 --> 00:14:14,130
balance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆุญุฏุซ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ูˆ

162
00:14:14,130 --> 00:14:19,760
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ acetylcholine ู†ุณุจุฉ ูˆุชู†ุงุณุจ ููŠ good contact

163
00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:23,000
ูˆ good connections between the substantia nigra in

164
00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:27,220
the midbrain with globus pallidus with lentiform

165
00:14:27,220 --> 00:14:30,820
nucleus ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณุชุฑูŠุงุชู… ูƒุงู† ููŠ good connection

166
00:14:30,820 --> 00:14:38,700
between substantia nigra and basal nuclei ููŠ 

167
00:14:38,700 --> 00:14:44,660
pathway ุงุณู…ู‡ Nigro striatum pathway Nigro striatum

168
00:14:44,660 --> 00:14:48,840
pathway ู‡ุฐุง Nigro striatum pathway ุจูŠุนู…ู„ connection

169
00:14:48,840 --> 00:14:54,140
between substantia nigra and ุงู„ุจูŠุฒุงู† ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ 

170
00:14:54,140 --> 00:15:00,820
Nigro striatum pathway between mid brain and

171
00:15:00,820 --> 00:15:05,120
striatum ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง 

172
00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:10,440
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Substantia Negra ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cerebral

173
00:15:10,440 --> 00:15:16,460
peduncles ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ middle brain ููŠู‡ good

174
00:15:16,460 --> 00:15:20,420
connections ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Substantia Negra ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฒุง 

175
00:15:20,420 --> 00:15:24,960
ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒูŠู„ูŠุงูŠ ุฃูˆ striatum ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ pathway ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ

176
00:15:24,960 --> 00:15:28,640
ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ Nigro striatum pathway ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

177
00:15:28,640 --> 00:15:33,760
Substantia Negra ุจุชู… ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ูˆุชุฎุฒูŠู†ู‡ ููŠ

178
00:15:33,760 --> 00:15:42,570
ุงู„ู€ striatum ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

179
00:15:42,570 --> 00:15:46,470
ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฑุถ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ู‚ุต ูˆุงู†ุฎูุงุถ

180
00:15:46,470 --> 00:15:52,850
ููŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุนู†ุฏ

181
00:15:52,850 --> 00:15:56,850
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ corpus striatum ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† balance

182
00:15:56,850 --> 00:16:00,320
between cholinergic neurons ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณูŠุชุงูŠู„ ูƒู„ูŠู† 

183
00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:04,500
ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠูƒ ู†ูŠุฑูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

184
00:16

201
00:17:22,030 --> 00:17:27,370
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ healthy person ูˆู‡ู†ุง substantia nigra

202
00:17:27,370 --> 00:17:31,270
more pale ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ Parkinson disease

203
00:17:31,270 --> 00:17:34,990
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ normal ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ Parkinson disease

204
00:17:34,990 --> 00:17:38,210
classification

205
00:17:38,210 --> 00:17:40,130
of parkinsonism

206
00:17:42,140 --> 00:17:48,720
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 85% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู† idiopathic

207
00:17:48,720 --> 00:17:55,580
idiopathic ู„ูƒู† ููŠ 15% ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† secondary parkinsonism

208
00:17:55,580 --> 00:18:00,460
idiopathic  ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† drug induced parkinsonism ููŠ

209
00:18:00,460 --> 00:18:05,140
ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ antipsychotic drugs ู‡ุฐู‡

210
00:18:05,140 --> 00:18:08,600
antipsychotic drugs ุฑุงุญ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ูˆู†ู‚ุต ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ

211
00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:14,180
ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ูˆุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ extrapyramidal manifestation as

212
00:18:14,180 --> 00:18:17,840
Parkinson ุฃูˆ Parkinsonian syndrome ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ

213
00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:21,980
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุทุจูŠุจ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ุฑุงุญ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฎูุถ

214
00:18:21,980 --> 00:18:26,560
ู„ู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุนุทูŠ ุฏูˆุงุก ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ Artane

215
00:18:26,560 --> 00:18:30,440
ุฃูˆ Trihexyphenidyl ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ุจูŠุฎูุถ ู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„

216
00:18:30,440 --> 00:18:33,320
acetylcholine ุงู„ุฃุณุชูŠู„ ูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

217
00:18:33,320 --> 00:18:37,020
balance ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠุญุฏุซ complications

218
00:18:37,020 --> 00:18:45,250
ู„ู„ุฏูˆุงุก 2- Vascular Parkinsonism 3% Toxin-induced

219
00:18:45,250 --> 00:18:48,930
Parkinsonism ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุณู…ูˆู… Recurrent Head

220
00:18:48,930 --> 00:18:54,560
Trauma post encephalitis ูˆุถูŠูุฉ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ tumor ูŠูˆู…

221
00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:57,440
ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุฌุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠุงุฏุชูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ parkinson's

222
00:18:57,440 --> 00:19:02,120
typical parkinson's disease ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ACT ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ 

223
00:19:02,120 --> 00:19:05,340
tumor ููŠ ุงู„ substantia nigra ููŠ ุงู„ middle brain ููŠ

224
00:19:05,340 --> 00:19:12,400
tumor ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุจุจ ู„ู†ุง secondary parkinsonism ุงู„ุขู†

225
00:19:12,400 --> 00:19:17,060
ูู‡ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุตุญ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ

226
00:19:17,060 --> 00:19:21,750
ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ clinical manifestation

227
00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:25,870
of diseaseุŸ ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ุง ุฃุดุฎุต ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู†ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฃุดุฎุตู‡ 

228
00:19:25,870 --> 00:19:29,450
ููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุนุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠุŒ ู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠููˆุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุงุจ

229
00:19:29,450 --> 00:19:32,950
ุงู„ุนูŠุงุฏุฉุŒ ุจุฃุดุฎุต ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู†ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„

230
00:19:32,950 --> 00:19:39,030
inspectionุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู‡ู… symptoms, tremor at restุŒ

231
00:19:39,030 --> 00:19:45,090
tremor at restุŒ ุงุซู†ูŠู† bradykinesia ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ุŸ

232
00:19:45,090 --> 00:19:48,550
generalized slowness of movement ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ

233
00:19:48,550 --> 00:19:52,330
ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง shuffling gait shuffling gait ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ

234
00:19:52,330 --> 00:19:55,750
flexion ููŠ ุงู„ upper limbs ูˆ flexion ููŠ ุงู„

235
00:19:55,750 --> 00:20:00,330
lower limbs ู…ุน bradykinesia ูˆ tremor ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… 

236
00:20:00,330 --> 00:20:04,270
ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจุทุก ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ู… ูˆ resting ูˆ tremor ุฒูŠ

237
00:20:04,270 --> 00:20:07,850
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ pill rolling ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุจุณุจุญุฉ ุจุณุจุญ

238
00:20:10,240 --> 00:20:14,020
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู…ุฑุถ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู†

239
00:20:14,020 --> 00:20:17,920
muscle

240
00:20:17,920 --> 00:20:21,220
rigidity ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… muscle plasticity ุฃูˆ rigidity

241
00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:27,220
and postural instability ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนุชุจุฑ cardinal

242
00:20:27,220 --> 00:20:33,400
symptoms of Parkinson disease ูˆุงุญุฏ bradykinesia ุฃูˆ 

243
00:20:33,400 --> 00:20:39,220
hypokinesia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุทุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ 2-resting tremors 3

244
00:20:39,220 --> 00:20:44,320
-muscle rigidity 4-postural instability ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ 

245
00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:47,880
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุซู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงูŠุด ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ 

246
00:20:47,880 --> 00:20:53,850
disbalance ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุดุฑุฉ disability ู…ู…ูƒู†

247
00:20:53,850 --> 00:20:57,290
ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุณุฑุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูŠุณุฑุน ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุงูุธ

248
00:20:57,290 --> 00:21:01,930
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ imbalance ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ูŠู„ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡

249
00:21:01,930 --> 00:21:05,390
difficulty rising from sitting position ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ

250
00:21:05,390 --> 00:21:08,970
ุตุจุงุญู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูƒุฑุจุด ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ

251
00:21:08,970 --> 00:21:13,370
difficulty ููŠ initiation of movement ูƒุฌูˆูŠุฉ ูู†ูˆู…ู†ุง

252
00:21:13,370 --> 00:21:16,510
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง muscle rigidity muscle tone

253
00:21:16,510 --> 00:21:19,410
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ terrace ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุฏูˆุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฒูŠ

254
00:21:19,410 --> 00:21:20,750
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ terrace ู…ุงุดูŠ

255
00:21:23,960 --> 00:21:28,560
ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ู†ู‚ุน trimmer ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ู… resting trimmer

256
00:21:28,560 --> 00:21:32,460
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุธุงู… ุจุงู„ rolling ุจุงู„ rolling ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ 

257
00:21:32,460 --> 00:21:36,560
ุฌุงุน ุจูŠุณุจุญ ููŠ trimmer ุจูŠู† ุงู„ thumb ูˆ ุงู„ four

258
00:21:36,560 --> 00:21:42,020
fingers ููŠ ุงู„ rest ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ

259
00:21:42,020 --> 00:21:48,520
ุจุฃูˆู„ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ rest trimmer rest trimmer ูŠุนุชุจุฑ

260
00:21:50,090 --> 00:21:56,190
most common first symptom ุณุจุนูŠู† ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ 

261
00:21:56,190 --> 00:22:02,590
ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุถ ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ุจูŠุจุฏูˆ 

262
00:22:02,590 --> 00:22:08,130
ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ  rest tremor ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู† ู†ุธุงู… ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ 

263
00:22:08,130 --> 00:22:12,750
rolling ุจุงู„ ุงูŠู‡ rolling between the thumb and four

264
00:22:12,750 --> 00:22:16,910
fingers ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†

265
00:22:16,910 --> 00:22:20,310
ู…ุนุงู‡ู… rest tremor ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ 

266
00:22:20,310 --> 00:22:23,750
ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… muscle rigidity only without

267
00:22:23,750 --> 00:22:29,270
resting tremor ุทุจ what is the character of resting

268
00:22:29,270 --> 00:22:32,490
tremorุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ character ุจุชุงุน resting tremorุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ 

269
00:22:32,490 --> 00:22:39,170
tremor at rest ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏูˆุก ููŠ ุงู„ุณูƒูˆุช

270
00:22:39,170 --> 00:22:43,490
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ tremor ุงุซู†ูŠู† tremor improved with

271
00:22:43,490 --> 00:22:48,000
movement ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชุญุณู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌูุฉ ุชุชุญุณู† ู…ุน

272
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:52,920
ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ tremor disappear during night during 

273
00:22:52,920 --> 00:22:56,860
sleep ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุจูŠุฎุชููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ tremor ุทุจ ุญุฏ ูŠุณุฃู„ 

274
00:22:56,860 --> 00:23:01,020
ู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ tremor ุจูŠุฎุชููŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆู…ุŸ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ

275
00:23:01,020 --> 00:23:04,590
ู„ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู†ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ brain ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ 

276
00:23:04,590 --> 00:23:08,390
reticular formation ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุญุฏ ู†ุงู… ูˆูŠุดุฏ ุฌุณู…ู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃ

277
00:23:08,390 --> 00:23:11,830
ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุฑุชุฎูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reticular formation ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡

278
00:23:11,830 --> 00:23:15,510
generalized hypotonia ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ ุงุณุชุฑุฎุงุก ูƒุงู…ู„ ุนุดุงู† 

279
00:23:15,510 --> 00:23:18,650
ูŠู‚ุฑุฑ ูŠู†ุงู… ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู„

280
00:23:18,650 --> 00:23:21,690
tremor ูˆุจูŠุฎุชููŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌูุฉ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆู… 

281
00:23:24,990 --> 00:23:29,410
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ bradykinesia ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ bradykinesiaุŸ

282
00:23:29,410 --> 00:23:33,830
ูŠุนู†ูŠ hypokinesia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุทุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุทุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ 

283
00:23:33,830 --> 00:23:36,870
ู„ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ุจุทุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… muscle

284
00:23:36,870 --> 00:23:41,730
rigidity ุฌุณู…ู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุฎุดุจุŒ ู…ุชูŠุจุณ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ slowness of 

285
00:23:41,730 --> 00:23:46,140
movement difficulty with daily activities ูŠุนู†ูŠ

286
00:23:46,140 --> 00:23:51,440
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุฃุซู†ุงุก

287
00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:55,860
ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุญู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฏู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ูŠู„ ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุญู…ุงู… ููŠ

288
00:23:55,860 --> 00:23:59,500
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูŠ ุจุชุงุนู‡ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ุนุถู„ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ 

289
00:23:59,500 --> 00:24:03,500
ูˆุถุน ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… difficulty initiation of movement

290
00:24:04,330 --> 00:24:07,910
decreased blinking and slowness of expression

291
00:24:07,910 --> 00:24:14,190
muscle ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุฑู…ุดุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุฎููŠูุฉ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ูƒูŠู

292
00:24:14,190 --> 00:24:20,370
ุฒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู†ุฌ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู…ุณูˆุญุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง mask like

293
00:24:20,370 --> 00:24:25,050
appearance ู…ุซู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุจุณ mask ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุชุนุจูŠุฑ 

294
00:24:25,050 --> 00:24:28,850
ู†ุถุญูƒ ู†ุจุชุณู… ู†ูƒุดุฑ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุฎู ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† 

295
00:24:28,850 --> 00:24:32,330
ุงู„ muscle rigidity ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ mask like appearance ุฃูˆ

296
00:24:32,330 --> 00:24:38,020
face ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุนุงู‡ู… dysarthriaุŒ dysphagiaุŒ ู„ูŠู‡

297
00:24:38,020 --> 00:24:40,860
ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุนุงู‡ู… dysphagia ูˆ dysarthria ูˆ difficulty in

298
00:24:40,860 --> 00:24:45,540
masticationุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… oropharyngeal

299
00:24:45,540 --> 00:24:48,640
muscle rigidityุŒ ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ oropharyngeal

300
00:24:48,640 --> 00:24:51,880
muscle rigidityุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุฃุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุฃุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ 

301
00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:55,440
difficulty of swallowing and difficulty of

302
00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:59,700
mastication ููŠ ุงู„ speech ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ุง dysarthria

303
00:24:59,700 --> 00:25:03,700
ุงูŠู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุตูˆุชู‡ู…ุŸ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… whispering 

304
00:25:03,700 --> 00:25:08,260
speech ุตูˆุชู‡ู… ู‡ุงูุช ู…ุด ู†ุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ 

305
00:25:08,260 --> 00:25:15,000
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู‡ู…ุณ ู‡ู…ุณ muscle rigidity ุฃูˆ

306
00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:18,160
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง plasticity it is a type of muscle

307
00:25:18,160 --> 00:25:22,250
hypertonia ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ุง resistant to passive movement,

308
00:25:23,330 --> 00:25:27,910
a friction flexor and extensor group muscle ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

309
00:25:27,910 --> 00:25:30,890
ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง plasticity ุฃูˆ rigidity type ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† 

310
00:25:30,890 --> 00:25:34,690
ู…ุนุงู‡ู… trimmer ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง cogwheel quality

311
00:25:34,690 --> 00:25:39,170
ุฃูˆ cogwheel ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุฑูƒ

312
00:25:39,170 --> 00:25:42,350
ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฃุญุฑูƒู‡ุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ูƒุนุงุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏ

313
00:25:42,350 --> 00:25:47,190
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูˆุชุฌูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ุทูŠุน ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ

314
00:25:47,190 --> 00:25:51,990
ุฒูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุชู‚ุทูŠุน ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง cogwheel

315
00:25:51,990 --> 00:25:58,790
phenomenon ุขุฎุฑ symptom ุงู„ gate ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ู…ุซู„ุช ู„ูƒู… 

316
00:25:58,790 --> 00:26:03,030
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… shuffling gait difficulty getting out

317
00:26:03,030 --> 00:26:06,310
of a chair ุฃูˆ rolling over in bed ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠุดูƒูŠ ุฃู†ู‡

318
00:26:06,310 --> 00:26:09,630
ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠู‚ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠู„ู ูˆู‡ูˆ

319
00:26:09,630 --> 00:26:15,330
ู†ุงูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ุณู‚ูˆุท ูƒุซูŠุฑ speech

320
00:26:15,330 --> 00:26:18,870
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง soft speech whispering rapid speech ุทุจ ูˆ

321
00:26:18,870 --> 00:26:21,990
ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

322
00:26:21,990 --> 00:26:26,910
small a handwriting ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… micrographia

323
00:26:26,910 --> 00:26:29,910
micro ุงูŠู‡ุŸ micrographia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุทู‡ู… ุตุบูŠุฑ

324
00:26:29,910 --> 00:26:35,350
micrographia

325
00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:43,060
additional clinical features of Parkinson disease

326
00:26:43,060 --> 00:26:48,000
ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุชุญุฏุซ ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุงู„

327
00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:52,400
stability ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุซู‚ุฉ ูˆุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุชุฒุงู† difficulty of

328
00:26:52,400 --> 00:26:56,300
the autonomic nervous system ุงูŠู‡ ุจูŠุญุฏุซุŸ

329
00:26:56,300 --> 00:27:01,700
constipation, bladder dysfunction, excessive

330
00:27:01,700 --> 00:27:07,910
sweating, greasy skinุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุฏู‡ู† Sexual

331
00:27:07,910 --> 00:27:11,390
Difficulty and Insomnia ุฃุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰

332
00:27:11,390 --> 00:27:17,670
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆู‡ ููŠ depression, anxiety, psychosis ูˆููŠ 

333
00:27:17,670 --> 00:27:20,870
ุงู„ later stage ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุนู‡ู… decline ููŠ ุงู„ cognitive

334
00:27:20,870 --> 00:27:24,530
function ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ dementia ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ ุจูŠุดูƒูˆุง 

335
00:27:24,530 --> 00:27:30,670
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠู†ุณู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑู ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ 

336
00:27:30,670 --> 00:27:36,200
ููŠ ุงู„ advanced stage of Parkinson disease ู„ุฃู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…

337
00:27:36,200 --> 00:27:40,140
ุนู„ู‰ drug-induced parkinsonism ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน

338
00:27:40,140 --> 00:27:44,880
ู…ู† ุงู„ parkinsonism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„

339
00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:49,740
antipsychotic drugs ุงู„ neuroleptic phenothiazine ุฃูˆ 

340
00:27:49,740 --> 00:27:54,260
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ haloperidol ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญู‚ู†ุฉ ุงุชุนุทุช ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ู„ู…ุฑุถ

341
00:27:54,260 --> 00:27:59,500
ุงู„ุดูŠุฒูˆูุฑูŠู†ูŠุง ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ูุตุงู… ุญู‚ู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุชุนุทุช ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ

342
00:27:59,500 --> 00:28:03,140
ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชุชุงู†ูŠ

343
00:28:03,140 --> 00:28:05,720
ุงู„ depletion ู„ู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุงุชู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุชู… ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ

344
00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:09,840
ู„ู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ู†ุนุทูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุซุงู†ูŠ

345
00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:13,720
ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ู„ู€ Acetylcholine ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

346
00:28:13,720 --> 00:28:18,300
balance ุจูŠู† Acetylcholine ูˆุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰

347
00:28:18,300 --> 00:28:22,060
ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ complications ูˆุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ complications ู…ู† 

348
00:28:22,060 --> 00:28:24,820
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Phenothiazine ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงุนุทูŠู†ุง ุนู„ุงุฌ 

349
00:28:24,820 --> 00:28:29,240
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ู„ู€ Acetylcholine ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ drug

350
00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:33,740
induced Parkinsonism ุซุงู†ูŠ Anti emetic drugs

351
00:28:33,740 --> 00:28:40,080
Metoclopromide ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ ุงู„ vomiting

352
00:28:40,080 --> 00:28:43,180
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠุค ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†

353
00:28:43,180 --> 00:28:47,160
ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ุง extra pyramidal manifestation as dyskinesia

354
00:28:47,160 --> 00:28:50,860
ุญุฑูƒุงุช ู„ุง ุงุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุนู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠุฏูŠู† 

355
00:28:50,860 --> 00:28:58,080
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุจุชุนู…ู„ block ู„ู„ dopamine receptors ุทูŠุจ

356
00:28:58,080 --> 00:29:02,610
ุงุญู†ุง ุดุฎุตู†ุง ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน

357
00:29:02,610 --> 00:29:07,330
ุขุฎุฑ investigations ุงูŠุด ููŠ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ู…ุฑุถ

358
00:29:07,330 --> 00:29:11,610
ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู†ุŸ ู„ุง ู…ุง ููŠ laboratory test ุจูŠุดุฎุต ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† 

359
00:29:11,610 --> 00:29:15,990
ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุจูŠุดุฎุตู‡ clinically ุจุงู„ุนูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ูุญูˆุตุงุช

360
00:29:15,990 --> 00:29:20,770
ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง to exclude other disease ูŠุนู†ูŠ brain CT and

361
00:29:20,770 --> 00:29:24,370
MRI ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† to exclude

362
00:29:24,370 --> 00:29:28,790
structural lesion ุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ brain tumor ุนู†ุฏู‡ 

363
00:29:28,790 --> 00:29:31,250
ูˆุฑู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ Substance ูŠุฌุฑู‰ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง 

364
00:29:31,250 --> 00:29:34,990
ุดุฎุตู‡ ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† disease ู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด primary ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ู…ุด 

365
00:29:34,990 --> 00:29:38,390
idiopathic ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ secondary parkinsonism due to

366
00:29:38,390 --> 00:29:41,990
tumor ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุญุฏุฏ ููŠ focal brain damage ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ููŠ

367
00:29:41,990 --> 00:29:48,230
functional imaging ููŠ functional imaging ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ

368
00:29:48,230 --> 00:29:52,570
ุบุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ PET scan ูˆ ุงู„ SPECT ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

369
00:29:52,570 --> 00:29:55,930
positron emission tomography ูˆ single photon

370
00:29:55,930 --> 00:30:00,070
emission CT ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ู„ู€ ุงู„ diagnosis of 

371
00:30:00,070 --> 00:30:05,210
Parkinson disease ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุนู„ุงุฌ 

372
00:30:05,210 --> 00:30:11,050
ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ Parkinson ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ PET scan ุฃูˆ

373
00:30:11,050 --> 00:30:14,670
positron emission tomography ููŠ ุงู„ PET scan ู‡ุฐุง

374
00:30:14,670 --> 00:30:17,430
ุจูŠุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ functional ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ brain ุงู„ function

375
00:30:17,430 --> 00:30:24,670
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ brain ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ striatum ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู†

376
00:30:24,670 --> 00:30:28,470
ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง dopamine ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†

377
00:30:28,470 --> 00:30:32,010
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ู…ุฑุถ

378
00:30:32,010 --> 00:30:37,130
ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ุงู†ุฎูุถ ุชู… ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ 

379
00:30:37,130 --> 00:30:41,410
ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ุฎูุถ ู‚ู„ุช ู‚ุจู„ 

380
00:30:41,410 --> 00:30:45,210
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุทุจ ุงุนุทูŠู†ุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆู†ุตูˆุฑู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ 

381
00:30:45,210 --> 00:30:48,670
ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

382
00:30:48,670 --> 00

401
00:32:31,620 --> 00:32:36,600
ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ synthesis ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„

402
00:32:36,600 --> 00:32:41,860
ุชุญููŠุฒ ู„ู€ ุงู„ receptor of ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ block ู„ู€

403
00:32:41,860 --> 00:32:45,720
ุงู„ enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูˆ degradation ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ 

404
00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:49,140
ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ู„ู€ homovanillic acid ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

405
00:32:49,140 --> 00:32:51,960
norepinephrine ุฃูˆ epinephrine ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†

406
00:32:51,960 --> 00:32:56,740
ู†ุนุทูŠ COMT inhibitor ูˆู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†

407
00:32:56,740 --> 00:33:03,360
ู„ู€ homovanillic acid ุฃูˆ ุฃุนุทูŠ MAO inhibitor ูˆู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„

408
00:33:03,360 --> 00:33:09,980
ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ู„ู€ norepinephrine ูˆ epinephrine ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฉ

409
00:33:09,980 --> 00:33:15,760
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ Parkinson's disease ุฃูˆ ุฎุทุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุถูŠู

410
00:33:15,760 --> 00:33:20,980
ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจูŠุนู…ู„  block ู„ู„ุงุณูŠุชุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠู† Anticholinergic drugs

411
00:33:22,980 --> 00:33:27,840
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ุนุทู‰ ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 

412
00:33:27,840 --> 00:33:32,360
Levodopa-Dopamine agonist ู…ุซู„ ุฏูˆุจูŠูƒุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุณูŠู†ูŠู…ูŠุช

413
00:33:32,360 --> 00:33:37,870
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ Gold standard treatment Dopamine 

414
00:33:37,870 --> 00:33:42,810
receptor agonist ุจุฑูˆู…ุง ูƒุฑูŠุจุชุงู†ุŒ ุจุฑุงู…ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุณูˆู„ุŒ ูƒูˆู…ุช

415
00:33:42,810 --> 00:33:46,830
inhibitor  Entacapone  ู†ุถุญูƒ ุงุญู†ุงุŒ Entacapone ู†ุถุญูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ 

416
00:33:46,830 --> 00:33:51,230
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ุช ูƒุงุจูˆู† ูˆุฃู†ุง ูƒุงุจูˆู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญูุธูˆู‡ุงุŒ ุงู†ุช ูƒุงุจูˆู†

417
00:33:51,230 --> 00:33:54,930
ูˆุฃู†ุง ูƒุงุจูˆู† ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุช ูƒุงุจูˆู† ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุŒ ู…ุด ุญุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง 

418
00:33:54,930 --> 00:34:00,010
ูƒุงุจูˆู† ูƒู…ุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู†ุช ูƒุงุจูˆู†ุŒ EntacaponeุŒ  Tolcapone 

419
00:34:00,010 --> 00:34:04,410
inhibitor ุณูŠู„ูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฌูˆู…ูŠูƒุณุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ

420
00:34:04,410 --> 00:34:07,930
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุญูุธุช ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ูˆู‚ู„ู„ุช ุงู„ degradation ุจุชุงุนู‡

421
00:34:07,930 --> 00:34:11,530
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนุทูŠ Anticholinergic drugs  ู‚ู„ูŠู„ 

422
00:34:11,530 --> 00:34:15,770
ุงู„ุงุณูŠุชุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† Trihexyphenidyl ุฃูˆ ArtaneุŒ ุฃู…ุง 

423
00:34:15,770 --> 00:34:22,410
Amantadine ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฌู…ุนูˆุง ุฌูŠุด ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูŠ

424
00:34:22,410 --> 00:34:26,610
ูƒุจุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุฑุถ ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ู…ุงุญุฏุด ูƒุงู† ูƒุงุดูู‡

425
00:34:27,340 --> 00:34:31,100
ูˆุนุทูˆู‡ู… ุฃู…ุงู†ุชุงุฏูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู†ุชุงุฏูŠู† ุฃุตู„ู‡ antiviral ุนู„ุงุฌ

426
00:34:31,100 --> 00:34:35,740
ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุชุŒ ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ antiviral ู„ู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ infection 

427
00:34:35,740 --> 00:34:40,400
disease ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ูˆู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ 

428
00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:43,640
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… rigidity ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ู… bradykinesia ุงุชุญุณู†ุช ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ู…

429
00:34:43,640 --> 00:34:47,500
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู†ุชุงุฏูŠู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑูƒูˆุง antiviral effect

430
00:34:47,500 --> 00:34:51,660
ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู†ุชุงุฏูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… 

431
00:34:51,660 --> 00:34:55,840
ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ muscle rigidity ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช Parkinson's

432
00:34:55,840 --> 00:35:00,490
disease ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุณุชู„ูŠูุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† combination drug ููŠ

433
00:35:00,490 --> 00:35:04,960
ู„ูŠููˆุฏูˆุจุงุŒ ูƒุงุฑุจูŠุฏูˆุจุงุŒ ูˆุงู†ุช ูƒุงุจูˆู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ Levodopa

434
00:35:04,960 --> 00:35:10,020
agonist ู…ุน COMT inhibitor ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฒูˆุฏ 

435
00:35:10,020 --> 00:35:12,880
ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ูˆุจู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ degradation ููŠ ุญุจุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ

436
00:35:12,880 --> 00:35:16,540
ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฌุฑุนุงุช ู„ู‡ 50ุŒ 12.5ุŒ 250ุŒ 5ุŒ

437
00:35:16,540 --> 00:35:21,180
20ุŒ 250ุŒ 7.5ุŒ 30ุŒ 12.5ุŒ 25

438
00:35:21,180 --> 00:35:25,760
5ุŒ 25 ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฑุนุงุช ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงุณุชู„ูŠูุงุŒ ู…ุด 

439
00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:29,400
ู…ุทู„ูˆุจูŠู† ู…ู†ูƒู… ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุจุณ ุฅูŠู‡ 

440
00:35:29,400 --> 00:35:34,320
ุดูŠู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ุง ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุจุงุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู†ุŒ ููŠ ุจุนุถ

441
00:35:34,320 --> 00:35:40,000
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช Medical refractory .. Medical refractory

442
00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:44,900
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Parkinson's disease ู…ุณุชุฌุจูˆุด ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆุญุงู„ุชู‡ู…

443
00:35:44,900 --> 00:35:48,720
ุจุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุจุณุฑุนุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชุฏุฎู„ุงุช ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ 

444
00:35:48,720 --> 00:35:53,700
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Deep brain stimulation ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„

445
00:35:53,700 --> 00:35:57,100
Thalamic stimulation ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญุณู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ tremor ุฃูƒุชุฑ

446
00:35:57,100 --> 00:36:00,400
ูˆู…ุน ุงู„ุนุฌุฒ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ muscle rigidity ุฃูˆ bradykinesia

447
00:36:00,400 --> 00:36:05,470
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ Pallidotomy ุฃูˆ Subthalamic

448
00:36:05,470 --> 00:36:10,070
stimulation ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ muscle rigidity ูˆุงู„

449
00:36:10,070 --> 00:36:15,490
dyskinesia in your research ู†ูŠูƒูˆุชูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูŠู„ุงุชูˆู†ูŠู† 

450
00:36:15,490 --> 00:36:20,370
ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฅู† ู†ูŠูƒูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ action ุจุชุงุนู‡ similar ู„ู€ ู„ูŠููˆุฏูˆุจุง 

451
00:36:20,370 --> 00:36:27,580
Future management  ุชุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ 

452
00:36:27,580 --> 00:36:31,280
Gene therapy ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง Fetal nigral cells

453
00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:35,860
transplantation ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰

454
00:36:35,860 --> 00:36:42,220
Parkinson's disease ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู†ุฌุฒุช ู„ูƒู… ู…ูˆุถูˆุน Parkinson's

455
00:36:42,220 --> 00:36:48,100
disease ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุฃุดุฑุญ ู„ูƒู… ู…ุฑุถ ุขุฎุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ Wilson's

456
00:36:48,100 --> 00:36:53,970
disease Wilson's disease ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Akinetic rigid

457
00:36:53,970 --> 00:36:57,270
syndrome ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ children ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„

458
00:36:57,270 --> 00:37:01,790
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Hepatolenticular degeneration ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† 

459
00:37:01,790 --> 00:37:05,930
Hepatolenticular degenerationุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆ

460
00:37:05,930 --> 00:37:09,750
Lentiform nucleus ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ Hepatolenticular

461
00:37:09,750 --> 00:37:15,890
degeneration ูŠุนุชุจุฑ Autosomal 

462
00:37:15,890 --> 00:37:21,760
recessive disorder characterized by defect of 

463
00:37:21,760 --> 00:37:26,720
cellular copper export ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ ... ุงู„ ...

464
00:37:26,720 --> 00:37:32,000
ุงู„ ... ููŠ ุงู„ copper export ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ

465
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:35,480
accumulation ู„ู„copper ุจูŠุญุฏุซ accumulation ู„ู„copper

466
00:37:35,480 --> 00:37:39,440
ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุญุฏุซ accumulation ู„ู„copperุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ liver ูˆ ุงู„

467
00:37:39,440 --> 00:37:42,200
other tissues ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ู… Lentiform nucleus 

468
00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:45,040
nucleus ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ Hepatolenticular

469
00:37:45,040 --> 00:37:49,910
degeneration ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ pathogenesis of Wilson's disease

470
00:37:49,910 --> 00:37:56,910
ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ Ceruloplasmin ุจูŠุชุญุฏ

471
00:37:56,910 --> 00:38:01,990
ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ูˆุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูŠู„ ู…ุน ุนุตุงุฑุฉ 

472
00:38:01,990 --> 00:38:11,310
ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ุน ุงู„ stool ู…ุน ุงู„ููŠูƒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒ ููŠ 

473
00:38:11,310 --> 00:38:14,690
Wilson's disease ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ deficiency ููŠ

474
00:38:14,690 --> 00:38:15,430
ุงู„ Ceruloplasmin

475
00:38:17,870 --> 00:38:22,390
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฏ ู…ุน 98% ู…ู† ุงู„ copper ูˆุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ 

476
00:38:22,390 --> 00:38:28,110
bile ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุฏุซุŸ ู…ุงุฏุงู… ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุชู‡ุง ููŠ mutation ููŠ

477
00:38:28,110 --> 00:38:31,690
Ceruloplasmin ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ Ceruloplasmin unable

478
00:38:31,690 --> 00:38:35,270
to binding with copper ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅู†ู‡

479
00:38:35,270 --> 00:38:38,630
ูŠุชุญุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ copper ูˆูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุงุŒ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ copper ูˆูŠุชุญุฏ ู…ุน 

480
00:38:38,630 --> 00:38:43,460
other proteins ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุชุŒ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† 

481
00:38:43,460 --> 00:38:47,660
ุงู„ urine ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูˆุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ 

482
00:38:47,660 --> 00:38:50,300
accumulation ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชุฎุฒู† ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ 

483
00:38:50,300 --> 00:38:53,820
ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ููŠ Lentiform nucleus ููŠ

484
00:38:53,820 --> 00:38:59,240
ุงู„ liver ููŠ ุงู„ lung ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ

485
00:38:59,240 --> 00:39:05,040
ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุณุงู…ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ clinical features of Wilson's

486
00:39:05,040 --> 00:39:11,640
diseaseุŸ Proximal tremor ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนู‡ู…ุŒ cholepathoid

487
00:39:11,640 --> 00:39:16,320
movement ุญุฑูƒุงุช ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ bradykinesia ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง 

488
00:39:16,320 --> 00:39:19,920
ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ุจุทุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ acute stage ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูŠุฌูˆุง

489
00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:23,860
psychosisุŒ behavior changes ูˆูŠุชู… ุนู„ุงุฌุงุชู‡ู… ููŠ

490
00:39:23,860 --> 00:39:28,520
ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู†ูุณูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุนุงู‡ู… 

491
00:39:28,520 --> 00:39:32,240
dysarthria and other type of speech difficulty 

492
00:39:34,160 --> 00:39:37,520
Dystonia and Rigidity ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ liver

493
00:39:37,520 --> 00:39:40,900
involvement ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนู‡ู… ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰

494
00:39:40,900 --> 00:39:44,340
ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ููŠ ุงู„ advanced stage ูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ููŠ

495
00:39:44,340 --> 00:39:49,420
hepatic failure ูุดู„ ููŠ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ 

496
00:39:49,420 --> 00:39:55,840
ู†ู‚ู„ ุฃูˆ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ูƒุจุฏ ู„ุฅูŠุงู‡ุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ diagnosisุŸ ูƒูŠู ู†ุดุฎุต

497
00:39:55,840 --> 00:40:01,580
ู…ุฑุถ Wilson's diseaseุŸ ุงู„ูุญุต ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ููŠ blood ุจูŠูƒูˆู† lowุŒ ุงู„

498
00:40:01,580 --> 00:40:05,660
copper ููŠ ุงู„ blood ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† low ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†

499
00:40:05,660 --> 00:40:10,160
normal ู…ุง ุจู†ุนุชู…ุฏุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ุฃูุญุต ู†ุณุจุฉ

500
00:40:10,160 --> 00:40:14,640
ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ urineุŒ ุจูŠุฌู…ุน ุงู„ urine 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆุจู†ูุญุต

501
00:40:14,640 --> 00:40:17,140
ููŠู‡ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชุนุฑููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ

502
00:40:17,140 --> 00:40:19,920
ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุจุชุชุญุฏ ู…ุน Ceruloplasmin ูˆุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ุน ุงู„ stool ุนู†

503
00:40:19,920 --> 00:40:24,100
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ bile ู…ุน ุงู„ stool ู…ุน ุงู„ููŠูƒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ

504
00:40:24,100 --> 00:40:27,900
ู†ู‚ุต Ceruloplasmin ุจุชุชู… ุงุชุญุงุฏ other proteins ู…ุน 

505
00:40:27,900 --> 00:40:31,700
ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ copperุŒ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ accumulation ููŠ

506
00:40:31,700 --> 00:40:36,640
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ urineุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ

507
00:40:36,640 --> 00:40:43,160
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑุงุญ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… high copper urine output ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ

508
00:40:43,160 --> 00:40:49,450
ุงู„ urine ุฑุงุญ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ 

509
00:40:49,450 --> 00:40:53,570
... ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ ... ุงู„ urine ู…ุฏุฉ 24 ุณุงุนุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนู…ู„ Liver

510
00:40:53,570 --> 00:40:58,610
biopsy ุจุฑู‡ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Thalamic and putaminal

511
00:40:58,610 --> 00:41:02,790
hyper intensity ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง ุงู„ MRI ุฃูˆ Physiological 

512
00:41:02,790 --> 00:41:08,310
examination ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ deposition of copper ููŠ

513
00:41:08,310 --> 00:41:13,380
ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Kayser-Fleischer ring ุจุชู†ูุญุต ุนู„ู‰

514
00:41:13,380 --> 00:41:17,780
Slit lamp ู„ุฃู† ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠู†ุณูŠู„ุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ

515
00:41:17,780 --> 00:41:22,900
TrientineุŒ oral zinc ูˆููŠ ุงู„ advanced stage ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช

516
00:41:22,900 --> 00:41:27,340
liver failure ุฃูˆ hepatic failure ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ

517
00:41:27,340 --> 00:41:35,520
ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู†ู‚ู„ ูƒุจุฏ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ Kayser-Fleischer ring ุชูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ 

518
00:41:35,520 --> 00:41:39,880
ring ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ ring ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู†

519
00:41:39,880 --> 00:41:47,480
ุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ู…ุฑุถ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆูŠู„ุณูˆู† ู‡ูŠ 

520
00:41:47,480 --> 00:41:51,860
ุงู„ copper ู‚ุฏู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุทุนุงู…ุŒ ุชู… ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡ ู„ู„ blood

521
00:41:51,860 --> 00:41:57,180
ุงุชุญุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ albuminุŒ ุงู„ albumin ุฑุงุญ ูŠูˆุตู„ู‡ ู„ู„ liverุŒ ููŠ

522
00:41:57,180 --> 00:42:00,640
ุงู„ liver ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ Ceruloplasmin ู‡ุฐุง Ceruloplasmin 

523
00:42:00,640 --> 00:42:04,660
ุจูŠุชุญุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ copper ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ูˆุจูŠุฎุฑุฌู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ liver ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ 

524
00:42:04,660 --> 00:42:08,900
ุนุตุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ู„ู„ stool

525
00:42:08,900 --> 00:42:12,540
ูˆุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ 

526
00:42:12,540 --> 00:42:18,190
ู…ุฑุถ Wilson's diseaseุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง problem ู‡ุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ mutation 

527
00:42:18,190 --> 00:42:24,870
ููŠ CeruloplasminุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฏุซ accumulation

528
00:42:24,870 --> 00:42:28,390
ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ copper ููŠ ุงู„ liver and other tissues 

529
00:42:28,390 --> 00:42:33,870
ูˆูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ copper ุจุชุชุญุฏ ู…ุน other proteins

530
00:42:33,870 --> 00:42:37,970
ูˆุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ kidney ุจุงู„ urineุŒ ุทุจ ุงู„ D-

531
00:42:37,970 --> 00:42:43,410
Penicillamine ุงู„ D-Penicillamine ุฅูŠุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุฑุงุญ 

532
00:42:43,410 --> 00:42:48,090
ูŠุณุจู‚ ุงู„ albumin ูˆูŠุชุญุฏ ุจุนุฏ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ copper ู„ู„ุฏู… ..

533
00:42:48,090 --> 00:42:52,870
ุจุนุฏ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ copper ู„ู„ุฏู… ุฑุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ trientine ูˆุงู„

534
00:42:52,870 --> 00:42:58,530
D-Penicillamine ูŠุชุญุฏ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ูˆู…ุง ูŠูˆุตู„ูˆุด ู„ู„

535
00:42:58,530 --> 00:43:03,450
liver ูˆูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง direct ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ kidney ุนู†

536
00:43:03,450 --> 00:43:07,270
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ accumulation ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ูˆ

537
00:43:07,270 --> 00:43:12,890
ู†ุณุจุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ููŠ ุฏูˆุงุก ุงุณู…ู‡ Zinc acetate ุฃูˆ Sulfate

538
00:43:12,890 --> 00:43:18,570
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ zinc ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ copper ููŠ

539
00:43:18,570 --> 00:43:21,790
ุงู„ intestine ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ copper ููŠ ุงู„ intestine 

540
00:43:21,790 --> 00:43:28,090
ูˆุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„

541
00:43:28,090 --> 00:43:34,370
stop ูŠูˆู‚ู ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡ ู„ู„ blood ูˆูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู†ุณุจุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ copper ููŠ

542
00:43:34,370 --> 00:43:39,950
ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฏุซ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ

543
00:43:39,950 --> 00:43:44,690
ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ