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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ spinal
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cord anatomy ุฑุงุญ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ exit of the spinal
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nerve root ุนุดุงู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ู„ู‡ ุตุญ ุฑุงุญ ุฃุฑุณู…ู„ูƒู…
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠุฑุชุจุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ููŠุฑุชุจุฑุฉ ููŠุฑุชุจุฑุฉ one ุฃูˆ
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c one c two c
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three
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C4 C5 C6 C7
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T1
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T2
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T3
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ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ vertebra ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡
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ุงู„ vertebra ุงู„ุขู† ุฑุงุญ ุงุฑุณู… ู„ูƒู… ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุงู„
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spinal nerve root ู…ู† ูˆุงู† ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ C1 C1
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ุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ C1 vertebra C2 ู…ู† ููˆู‚ C2 vertebra C3 ู…ู†
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ููˆู‚ C3 vertebra C4 ู…ู† ููˆู‚ C4 ูˆู…ู† ููˆู‚ C5 ูˆู…ู† ููˆู‚ C6
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ูˆู…ู† ููˆู‚ C7 ูˆู…ู† ููˆู‚ C6 ูˆู…ู† ููˆู‚ C7 T1 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู‡ ููŠ
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C ูƒู…ุงู† C eighth root ู…ู† ููˆู‚ T1 ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุชุญุช T7 ู‡ู„ุฃ
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ุงู†ู‚ู„ุจุช ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ T1 ุตุงุฑ ู…ู† ุชุญุช T1 vertebra T2 ู…ู† ุชุญุช
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T2 vertebra T3 ู…ู† ุชุญุช T3 vertebra ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ T1 ุตุงุฑ
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below ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ vertebra ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู…ู† C1 ู„ C7 above
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ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ vertebra ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ vertebra ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
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spinal nerve ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ intervertebral foramen ู…ู†ู‡ุง
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C1 ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ horizontally above C1 vertebra ู…ู† C2 ู„ C7
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ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ vertebra C8 ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ T1 ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
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ุชุญุช C7 vertebra ู‡ูŠ C8 ุฃู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ T1 vertebra
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00:03:01,460 --> 00:03:07,420
ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุชุญุช C7 vertebra ุงู„ุซุฑูˆุฑุณูŠูƒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูˆู…ุจุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณุงูƒุฑุงู„
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ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ูุฑุชุจุฑุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ูุฑุชุจุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฑ
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ู„ูˆู…ุจุฑ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ูˆุงู„ุณุงูƒุฑุงู„ ูˆุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณูŠุฒูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุงุฑุŒ
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ุฏู„ุณู†ุช ุจู†ุฒู„ู‡ vertically as a cauda equina ุจู†ุฒู„ู‡ ู…ุซู„
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ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง cauda equina ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„
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vertebra ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ exit of the spinal nerve
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root ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง C1 ุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ููˆู‚
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C1 C5
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root ุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ C5 Vertebra ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ T10 root
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ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ T10 Vertebra ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ T12 root
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ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ T12 Vertebra
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ูˆ ุงู„ lower lumbar ูˆุงู„ุณุงูƒุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู† ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช
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ุงู„ vertebra ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุณู…ู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ cauda equina below
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the termination of the spinal cord cauda equina ู‡ูŠูƒ
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ุฃู†ุง ุดุฑุญุชู„ูƒู… ุงู„ exit of the spinal nerve root
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00:04:36,170 --> 00:04:39,230
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two enlargement ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ spinal cord
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00:04:39,230 --> 00:04:43,270
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ one centimeter ู„ูƒู† ู„ู‡ two enlargement ุงู„ two
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enlargement ูˆุงุถุญูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ูŠุฏูˆูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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00:04:48,970 --> 00:04:54,980
lumbar enlargement ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cervical enlargement ู‡ู†ุง
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00:04:54,980 --> 00:04:59,380
ุงู„ spinal cord ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ diameter ุชุจุนู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
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00:04:59,380 --> 00:05:03,640
ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ enlargement two enlargement
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00:05:03,640 --> 00:05:07,160
ููŠู†ุง cervical enlargement ูˆ ููŠู†ุง lumbar
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00:05:07,160 --> 00:05:10,580
enlargement ุฑุงุญ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… cervical and lumbar
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enlargement cervical enlargement ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† C5 C6
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00:05:20,320 --> 00:05:29,480
C7 C8 and D1 ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑุณุงู„ ุฃูˆ T ุซูˆุฑุงุณูŠูƒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
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00:05:29,480 --> 00:05:34,340
ุฏูˆุฑุณุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุซูˆุฑุงุณูŠูƒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† C5 C6 C7 C8
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and D1 ุฃูˆ T1 segment of the spinal cord ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงูŠุด
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00:05:38,420 --> 00:05:43,180
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†ู†ุง ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง ุงู„ origin
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of brachial plexus ุงู„ู€ origin ุชุจุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ brachial
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plexus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ supplying ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ upper limbs
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00:05:52,890 --> 00:05:57,230
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ supplying ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ upper limbs ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
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00:05:57,230 --> 00:06:03,530
cervical enlargement ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ lumbar
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enlargement ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ one ุงู„ two ุงู„ three ุงู„
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four ุงู„ five and as one as two segments of the spinal
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00:06:12,730 --> 00:06:17,720
cord ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง ุงู„ branches ุฃูˆ ุงู„ origin ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€
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lumbosacral plexus which supply the lower limbs
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00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:27,440
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง load ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก
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00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:30,340
ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ upper
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00:06:30,340 --> 00:06:33,120
limbs ูˆ ุงู„ lower limbs ูˆ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุฃุนุตุงุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
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00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:36,300
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ spinal cord okay
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00:06:36,300 --> 00:06:40,720
ุจู„ุฒู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ neuron ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ survival ูˆ ุงู„
67
00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:44,720
lumbar ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู†ุง enlargement ุงู„ spinal cord ุนุดุงู†
68
00:06:44,720 --> 00:06:52,100
ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ brachial plexus ูˆ lumbosacral plexus
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for upper limbs ูˆ lower limbs ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†
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00:06:57,920 --> 00:07:00,460
ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู‡ cervical enlargement ููŠ ุงู„ู€ spinal cord
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00:07:00,460 --> 00:07:05,400
ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง brachial plexus ูˆ ุชุญุช ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord
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00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:10,000
ููŠู‡ lumbar enlargement ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง lumbosacral plexus
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ู„ู„ู€ lower limbs ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„
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ุงู„ุขู† ู„ internal structure of the spinal cord
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internal structure of the spinal cord ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
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00:07:46,240 --> 00:07:52,700
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ white matter ู‡ุฐู‡
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white matter ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ brain ุจุชูƒูˆู† more outer
78
00:07:55,860 --> 00:08:04,770
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ grey matter ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ central
79
00:08:04,770 --> 00:08:08,550
canal ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ grey commissure ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ูƒุซูŠุฑ
80
00:08:08,550 --> 00:08:11,290
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ central canal ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ central canal ู‡ุฐุง
81
00:08:11,290 --> 00:08:13,530
ุจูŠูุชุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูˆู„ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู† ูŠุฌุงู‡ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ fourth
82
00:08:13,530 --> 00:08:17,830
ventricle ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ CSF ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ white
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00:08:17,830 --> 00:08:20,790
matter ุจุชูƒูˆู† outer ูˆ grey matter ุจุชูƒูˆู† inner ุงู„ grey
84
00:08:20,790 --> 00:08:25,010
matter ุชุดุจู‡ ุญุฑู ุงู„ H ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุญุฑู ุงู„ H ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
85
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ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง commissure grey commissure ู‡ู†ุง ุชุฑุจุท ุงู„
86
00:08:28,030 --> 00:08:30,570
right ู…ุน ุงู„ left spinal cord ููŠ ุงู„ grey commissure
87
00:08:30,570 --> 00:08:43,020
ููŠ Central Spinal Canal ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ 1 ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ ู†ุจุฏุฃ
88
00:08:43,020 --> 00:08:48,680
ุจู€ grey matter grey matter ู„ูŠุณ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุดูŠุก ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† nerve
89
00:08:48,680 --> 00:08:53,320
cells ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† nerve cells ุชุดุจู‡ ุญุฑู ุงู„ H ุญุฑู ุงู„ H
90
00:08:53,320 --> 00:08:59,760
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† anterior horn cells anterior horn cells
91
00:09:05,550 --> 00:09:08,670
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Anterior Horn Cells ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… Motor Function
92
00:09:08,670 --> 00:09:17,710
Motor Function ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ posterior
93
00:09:17,710 --> 00:09:25,330
horn cells Posterior horn cells ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ Sensory
94
00:09:25,330 --> 00:09:30,030
right and left ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… Sensory ูˆููŠ lateral horn
95
00:09:30,030 --> 00:09:37,370
cells ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ููŠ ุซูˆุฑุงุณูŠูƒ ู…ู† T1 ู„ุญุฏ L2 ู‡ุฐุง
96
00:09:37,370 --> 00:09:43,150
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅุถุงูุฉ horn ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ lateral horn cells
97
00:09:43,150 --> 00:09:50,890
lateral horn cells ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… sympathetic function
98
00:09:50,890 --> 00:09:56,490
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ anterior horn cells ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… motor
99
00:09:56,490 --> 00:10:01,130
right and left ููŠ posterior horn cells right and
100
00:10:01,130 --> 00:10:07,230
left ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… sensory ูˆู…ู† T1 ู„ L2 ููŠ lateral horn
101
00:10:07,230 --> 00:10:11,390
cells ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… sympathetic ุฑุงุญ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
102
00:10:11,390 --> 00:10:16,180
autonomic nervous system ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ Central
103
00:10:16,180 --> 00:10:23,320
Spinal Canal Central Spinal Canal Central Spinal
104
00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:28,320
Canal ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CSF ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Grey
105
00:10:28,320 --> 00:10:37,040
Commissure ู‡ุฐู‡ Grey Commissure ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Right
106
00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:40,440
ูˆ Left part of the Spinal Cord
107
00:10:46,510 --> 00:10:51,710
Anterior Horn Cells Left Anterior Horn Cells Right
108
00:10:51,710 --> 00:10:57,410
ูˆุงุถุงูุชู‡ุง motor ูˆููŠ posterior horn cells left
109
00:10:57,410 --> 00:11:02,670
posterior horn cells right ูˆุงุถุงูุชู‡ุง sensory ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
110
00:11:02,670 --> 00:11:10,850
ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ T1 ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ two ููŠู‡ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅุถุงูุฉ horn
111
00:11:10,850 --> 00:11:15,650
lateral horn cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุฅูŠู‡ุŸ lateral horn
112
00:11:15,650 --> 00:11:21,510
cells lateral horn cells ูˆุงุถุงูุชู‡ุง
113
00:11:21,510 --> 00:11:25,710
ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุถุงูุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ autonomic function autonomic
114
00:11:25,710 --> 00:11:29,910
function ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ sympathetic nervous system ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
115
00:11:29,910 --> 00:11:40,350
ู‡ู†ุง horn ุฅุถุงููŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ lateral horn cells ู„ุงุชูŠุฑุงู„ ู‡ูˆุฑู†
116
00:11:40,350 --> 00:11:44,470
ุณูŠู„ุฒ ูˆุงุถูŠูุชูˆุง ุงูŠู‡ sympathetic function ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
117
00:11:44,470 --> 00:11:48,910
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ grey commissure grey commissure
118
00:11:48,910 --> 00:11:51,830
ุจุชู„ุจุท ุงู„ right ูˆ left part of the spinal cord ูˆููŠ
119
00:11:51,830 --> 00:11:57,070
ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ central spinal canal
120
00:11:57,070 --> 00:12:04,550
central spinal canal ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ CSF ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
121
00:12:04,550 --> 00:12:09,130
neurons ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ grey matter ููŠ ุงู„ู€ grey ููŠ
122
00:12:09,130 --> 00:12:13,470
ุงุชูุงู‚ู†ุง Sensory Neurons ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆูŠู†
123
00:12:13,470 --> 00:12:17,510
Sensory NeuronsุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Posterior Horn Cells ูˆููŠ
124
00:12:17,510 --> 00:12:22,750
Motor Neurons ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Anterior
125
00:12:22,750 --> 00:12:26,490
Horn Cells ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุจู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ ู„ Alpha Motor Neuron
126
00:12:26,490 --> 00:12:30,770
ูˆ Gamma Motoneuron ุงู„ู€ Alpha Motoneuron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ู‚ุง
127
00:12:30,770 --> 00:12:35,670
ุจุงู„ู€ Large Type A Alpha Motor Fibers ูˆุงุถุงูุชู‡ุง
128
00:12:35,670 --> 00:12:40,090
stimulation of the muscle fibers ูˆ ุงู„ gamma
129
00:12:40,090 --> 00:12:45,710
motoneuron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจ control of the muscle tone
130
00:12:45,710 --> 00:12:51,190
ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ a smaller type of a gamma ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ gamma
131
00:12:51,190 --> 00:12:56,630
ูˆุงุถุงูุชู‡ุง control of muscle tone muscle tone ูˆ alpha
132
00:12:56,630 --> 00:13:01,110
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจ stimulation of the muscle fibers ุจูŠู† ุงู„
133
00:13:01,110 --> 00:13:05,370
posterior horn ูˆ ุงู„ anterior horn ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡
134
00:13:05,370 --> 00:13:08,710
ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ reflexุŸ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง inter
135
00:13:08,710 --> 00:13:14,070
neurons inter neurons ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ inter
136
00:13:14,070 --> 00:13:18,360
neurons ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ inter neurons ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง integrative
137
00:13:18,360 --> 00:13:22,400
function ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง reflex center ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ
138
00:13:22,400 --> 00:13:25,780
ู…ู† ุงู„ sensory ู„ู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ level spinal cord ู‡ุฐู‡
139
00:13:25,780 --> 00:13:30,880
ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง reflex center ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง autonomic
140
00:13:30,880 --> 00:13:35,480
neurons ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord ุฑุงุญ
141
00:13:35,480 --> 00:13:39,200
ุฃุดุฑุญู‡ู… ุงู„ autonomic neurons ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
142
00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:42,540
autonomic nervous system ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ุฃุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
143
00:13:45,390 --> 00:13:50,130
ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ white matter ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ grey matter ููŠ
144
00:13:50,130 --> 00:13:52,490
ุงู„ brain ุจุชูƒูˆู† outer ูˆ ุงู„ white matter inner ููŠ ุงู„
145
00:13:52,490 --> 00:13:57,050
spinal cord ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ grey matter inner ูˆ ุงู„ white
146
00:13:57,050 --> 00:14:00,930
matter outer ุงู„ white matter it surrounds the grey
147
00:14:00,930 --> 00:14:05,570
matter ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ grey matter and contains
148
00:14:05,570 --> 00:14:09,170
ascending and descending tracts ูˆุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠู…ุฑ
149
00:14:09,170 --> 00:14:12,710
ascending tracts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… sensory ู…ู† ุงู„ spinal cord
150
00:14:12,710 --> 00:14:16,570
ู„ู„ brain ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ descending tracts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… motor
151
00:14:16,570 --> 00:14:22,570
ุฃูˆ efferent ู…ู† ุงู„ brain ู„ ุงู„ spinal cord ูˆุจู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡
152
00:14:22,570 --> 00:14:29,710
ุฅู„ู‰ three columns ุฃูˆ fasciculi anterior column ูˆ
153
00:14:29,710 --> 00:14:33,430
lateral column ูˆ posterior column ุงู„ posterior
154
00:14:33,430 --> 00:14:37,890
column ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ dorsal column ูˆ anterior column
155
00:14:37,890 --> 00:14:42,230
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ventral column ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
156
00:14:42,230 --> 00:14:49,650
lateral column ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ grey matter
157
00:14:59,450 --> 00:15:08,810
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠู‡ grey matter ู‡ู†ุง grey commissure ุชู…ุงู…
158
00:15:08,810 --> 00:15:13,590
ู‡ุฐู‡ grey commissure ู‡ุฐุง central spinal canal
159
00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:23,040
ู‡ุฐู‡ posterior horn cells sensory ู‡ุฐู‡ anterior horn
160
00:15:23,040 --> 00:15:26,840
cells motor ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† lateral horn cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ
161
00:15:26,840 --> 00:15:30,500
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ autonomic function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠู‡
162
00:15:30,500 --> 00:15:35,140
sympathetic ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ anterior horn cells ูˆ
163
00:15:35,140 --> 00:15:41,440
posterior horn cells ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง central spinal canal
164
00:15:44,320 --> 00:15:51,320
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนุชุจุฑ grey matter ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฑุณู… white matter ู„ุฃู† ุดูˆู ุงู„
165
00:15:51,320 --> 00:15:54,120
inter neurons ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ inter neurons ู‡ู†ุง
166
00:15:54,120 --> 00:15:59,260
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… integrative function ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง
167
00:15:59,260 --> 00:16:03,820
ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ posterior horn cells ู„ู„
168
00:16:03,820 --> 00:16:10,360
anterior horn cells ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… reflex center ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ู‚ุณู…
169
00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:12,300
ุงู„ white matter ู„ columns
170
00:16:20,370 --> 00:16:26,310
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ anterior
171
00:16:26,310 --> 00:16:31,610
column
172
00:16:31,610 --> 00:16:34,850
right
173
00:16:34,850 --> 00:16:40,550
ู‡ุงูŠ
174
00:16:40,550 --> 00:16:46,430
right ูˆู‡ู†ุง left ู‡ุฐุง right ูˆ
175
00:16:48,450 --> 00:16:54,870
ู‡ุฐุง left ู‡ุฐุง ุขุณู ู‡ุฐุง anterior column
176
00:16:54,870 --> 00:17:10,610
ูŠุนุชุจุฑ left ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ right anterior column ู†ุฑุณู…
177
00:17:10,610 --> 00:17:20,070
ู‡ู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ุฐู‡ right right right ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ left
178
00:17:20,070 --> 00:17:30,310
left left ู‡ู†ุง left posterior
179
00:17:30,310 --> 00:17:38,610
column right posterior column ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู…ุฑ ascending tracts
180
00:17:38,610 --> 00:17:43,450
ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง descending tracts egressory tracts ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
181
00:17:43,450 --> 00:17:46,150
more medial ูˆ commissural tracts ุจูŠูƒูˆู† more lateral
182
00:17:46,150 --> 00:17:50,230
ู„ุฏูŠ ุงู„ deep sensation ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ brain stem ูˆ
183
00:17:50,230 --> 00:17:54,230
ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ lateral
184
00:17:54,230 --> 00:18:00,510
column
185
00:18:00,510 --> 00:18:12,000
ู‡ุฐุง left lateral column ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ right lateral
186
00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:23,420
column ุฃู†ุง
187
00:18:23,420 --> 00:18:26,080
ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ lateral
188
00:18:26,080 --> 00:18:31,180
corticospinal tract ู„ู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ูˆ lateral
189
00:18:31,180 --> 00:18:35,680
spinothalamic tract ู„ู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
190
00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:39,620
ุฑุงุญ ุฃุดุฑุญู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู‡ู…
201
00:19:15,210 --> 00:19:17,290
column ูˆุงู„ู€ anterior ูˆุงู„ู€ posterior ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
202
00:19:17,290 --> 00:19:32,650
white matter white matter ู‡ู†ุง
203
00:19:32,650 --> 00:19:32,950
ุนู†ุฏูŠ
204
00:19:37,390 --> 00:19:41,250
ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู… ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู† ูุดุงุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ exit
205
00:19:41,250 --> 00:19:49,270
of ุงู„ู€ posterior root posterior median fissure ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ exit
206
00:19:49,270 --> 00:19:52,370
of ุงู„ู€ posterior median fissure ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ exit of ุงู„ู€ posterior
207
00:19:52,370 --> 00:19:54,790
median fissure ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ exit of ุงู„ู€ posterior median fissure
208
00:19:54,790 --> 00:19:55,710
ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ exit of ุงู„ู€ posterior median fissure ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ exit
209
00:19:55,710 --> 00:20:02,750
of ุงู„ู€ posterior median fissure ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ exit of ุงู„ู€ posterior
210
00:20:02,750 --> 00:20:05,290
median
211
00:20:05,940 --> 00:20:11,680
lateral column ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
212
00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:21,360
right side ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† classification
213
00:20:21,360 --> 00:20:28,520
of tracts the tracts divided into short tract ูˆ
214
00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:33,800
long tract short tract ุงุณู…ู‡ุง associative and
215
00:20:33,800 --> 00:20:38,320
commissural tract. They begin and end in the spinal
216
00:20:38,320 --> 00:20:42,100
cordุŒ ุงู„ู€ commissural tract ุจุฑุจุท ุงู„ู€ right ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
217
00:20:42,100 --> 00:20:45,660
leftุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ associative tract ุจุฑุจุท ุงู„ู€ adjacent
218
00:20:45,660 --> 00:20:52,600
area C1 ู…ุน C2ุŒ C3ุŒ C4 ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ they are found closely
219
00:20:52,600 --> 00:20:57,040
in the gray matter ูˆ they are associative in
220
00:20:57,040 --> 00:21:01,750
function. Long tract Long tract ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ู… projection
221
00:21:01,750 --> 00:21:07,150
tract ุงู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ascending tract ุตุงุนุฏ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…
222
00:21:07,150 --> 00:21:12,480
afferent tract ุฃูˆ sensory tract ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ุซู„ lateral
223
00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:16,740
spinothalamic ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† spinal cord ูˆ ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุชู„ู…ุณ ุฃูˆ
224
00:21:16,740 --> 00:21:20,700
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง descending tract ู‡ุงุจุท ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูˆู‡ู… efferent
225
00:21:20,700 --> 00:21:24,760
ุฃูˆ motor ู…ุซู„ corticospinal tract lateral
226
00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:29,280
corticospinal tract ุฌุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ cortex ูˆ ู†ุงุฒู„ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€
227
00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:34,300
spinal cord ุขุฎุฑ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ blood supply
228
00:21:34,300 --> 00:21:40,060
of the spinal cord ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ anterior spinal artery
229
00:21:40,060 --> 00:21:44,920
one ูˆ two posterior spinal arteries right and left
230
00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:47,480
ุงู„ู€ anterior spinal artery ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน
231
00:21:47,480 --> 00:21:51,240
ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ blood supply of the brain ุงู„ู€
232
00:21:51,240 --> 00:21:54,660
origin from the right and left vertebral artery
233
00:21:54,660 --> 00:21:58,480
ุฃูˆู„ุง ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†ู‡ุง single anterior
234
00:21:58,480 --> 00:22:02,800
spinal artery ู…ุน ุฅู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุฒุนูŠู… supply the
235
00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:08,060
anterior and lateral column of spinal cord ุจูŠุบุฏูŠู†
236
00:22:08,060 --> 00:22:11,980
ุงู„ู€ anterior horn ูˆุงู„ู€ lateral horn cells ูŠุนู†ูŠ
237
00:22:11,980 --> 00:22:14,820
ุจูŠุบุฏูŠ ุซู„ุซูŠู† ุงู„ู€ spinal cord ุจูŠุบุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior horn
238
00:22:14,820 --> 00:22:18,420
ูˆุงู„ู€ lateral horn ูˆุจูŠุบุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior column ูˆุงู„ู€
239
00:22:18,420 --> 00:22:22,630
lateral column of spinal cord. It is the longest
240
00:22:22,630 --> 00:22:27,170
artery in the bodyุŒ ุฃุทูˆู„ ุดุฑูŠุงู†ุŒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุทูˆู„ู‡
241
00:22:27,170 --> 00:22:32,810
ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุชูŠุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰
242
00:22:32,810 --> 00:22:36,410
ุงู„ู€ two spinal arteries two spinal arteries ููŠ
243
00:22:36,410 --> 00:22:39,930
right and left ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู€ origin ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
244
00:22:39,930 --> 00:22:44,230
vertebral artery ูˆุจูŠุบุฏูˆ ุงู„ู€ posterior horn and
245
00:22:44,230 --> 00:22:49,710
posterior column of spinal cord ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุงุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
246
00:22:49,710 --> 00:22:53,290
root ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ root ุจูŠุฌูŠูˆู†ุง radicular arteries right
247
00:22:53,290 --> 00:22:56,630
radicular artery and left radicular artery ู…ุน ูƒู„
248
00:22:56,630 --> 00:23:02,220
ุฅูŠู‡ root. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง anterior spinal arteries ุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†
249
00:23:02,220 --> 00:23:05,580
ูˆุงุชุญุฏูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุนุทูˆู†ุง single anterior spinal
250
00:23:05,580 --> 00:23:10,780
artery ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ two posterior spinal arteries ุงู„ู„ูŠ
251
00:23:10,780 --> 00:23:17,220
ู‡ู…ุง left posterior spinal artery ูˆ right posterior
252
00:23:17,220 --> 00:23:22,000
spinal artery ูˆู‡ู†ุง single anterior spinal artery
253
00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:24,600
single anterior spinal artery
254
00:23:32,990 --> 00:23:42,870
ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ anterior spinal artery ู‡ู†ุง
255
00:23:42,870 --> 00:23:47,810
ูˆุงุถุญ two posterior
256
00:23:47,810 --> 00:23:53,490
spinal artery left posterior spinal artery ูˆ right
257
00:23:55,770 --> 00:24:01,050
ูˆู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฌุงู†ุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ route ุจูŠุฌูŠูˆู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡ Radicular
258
00:24:01,050 --> 00:24:06,990
artery left Radicular artery
259
00:24:06,990 --> 00:24:15,290
ูˆู‡ู†ุง right Radicular artery
260
00:24:30,890 --> 00:24:35,530
ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ radicular artery ู…ู† ุฌุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ posterior
261
00:24:35,530 --> 00:24:40,530
radicular ูˆ anterior radicular ู‡ุฐุง anterior spinal
262
00:24:40,530 --> 00:24:48,590
artery ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… right posterior
263
00:24:48,590 --> 00:24:54,310
spinal artery ูˆ left posterior spinal artery ู‡ุฐุง
264
00:24:54,310 --> 00:24:55,170
radicular
265
00:24:57,840 --> 00:25:04,620
artery ู…ู† ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‡ posterior radicular artery ูˆ
266
00:25:04,620 --> 00:25:10,920
anterior radicular
267
00:25:10,920 --> 00:25:14,900
artery ูˆุน
268
00:25:14,900 --> 00:25:15,880
ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
269
00:25:24,890 --> 00:25:33,230
ูˆู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ anterior spinal artery supply two
270
00:25:33,230 --> 00:25:38,730
-thirds of spinal cord supply ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ anterior horn
271
00:25:38,730 --> 00:25:44,610
cells, lateral horn cells, anterior column ูˆ
272
00:25:44,610 --> 00:25:49,780
lateral column ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ posterior spinal arteries
273
00:25:49,780 --> 00:25:55,580
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุบุถูˆุง only posterior horn cells and
274
00:25:55,580 --> 00:26:00,960
posterior column of spinal cord ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior
275
00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:06,170
spinal artery ู…ุน ุฅู†ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุบุถูŠ two thirds of
276
00:26:06,170 --> 00:26:11,490
the spinal cord ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ two posterior spinal
277
00:26:11,490 --> 00:26:17,270
arteries ุจูŠุบุฏูˆุง one third of a spinal cord ูˆู‡ูŠูƒ
278
00:26:17,270 --> 00:26:22,010
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ anatomy of the spinal
279
00:26:22,010 --> 00:26:26,310
cord ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆุฏูˆู…ุชู… ุจุฃู„ู ุฎูŠุฑ