[ { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nSing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans.\n\u2014Homer, The Iliad\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nO goddess is a direct address to a goddess, a nonhuman entity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word dozen on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndaddy - definition\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dozen is not between the guide words daddy - definition, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nshot - suit\n\n0. service\n1. stockade" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince stockade is between the guide words shot - suit, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to bake lasagna in the oven?\n\n0. 33 minutes\n1. 33 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to bake lasagna in the oven is 33 minutes.\n33 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe salesperson tried hard to convince Franklin that the jacket was a good buy; after all, it was made of genuine imitation leather.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncompost rotting\na piece of apple turning brown\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCompost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhen World War I first started, what did many people believe?\n\n0. It would be one of the longest wars in history.\n1. The war would be the first of two world wars.\n2. The war would lead to the death of millions of Germans.\n3. The war would be over quickly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "World War I started in the summer of 1914. The two main sides of World War I were the Allied powers and Central powers. The table below shows the most important countries on each side at the beginning of the war.\nOriginally, many people believed that the war would be over quickly. The people on each side believed that their armies could win the war easily. One popular saying during the time was that the war would be \"over by Christmas.\"\nThe Allied powers and Central powers were almost equally matched in resources and strength. Both sides used modern weapons and technology. Because of the matched resources and new technology, World War I was deadlier than past wars. It ended up lasting four long years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Farid investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly when the pie is cooked in a glass pan or in an aluminum pan?\n1. Do pie crusts made with white flour burn less quickly when covered with aluminum foil or when left uncovered?\n2. Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly than a pie crust made with whole wheat flour?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSasha is good at knitting hats.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nimitate - iron\n\n0. itch\n1. inherit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince inherit is between the guide words imitate - iron, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word streak on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nserpent - skirt\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince streak is not between the guide words serpent - skirt, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbutter melting on a hot day\nmixing sand and water\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nButter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nButter melting on a hot day is caused by heating. But mixing sand and water is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Oak trees can have thick branches.\n1. Orcas swim in the ocean." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An oak tree is a plant. It can have thick branches.\nAcorns grow on oak trees. Acorns are small nuts with a seed inside.\nAn orca is an animal. It swims in the ocean.\nOrcas are also called killer whales. They hunt fish and other animals that live in the ocean.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more positive connotation?\n\n0. a cowardly leader\n1. a prudent leader" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A prudent leader has a more positive connotation. Prudent and cowardly both denote avoiding risks or danger. However, prudent suggests someone is wisely cautious, while cowardly suggests someone lacks bravery.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word bruise on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nblush - buffalo\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bruise is between the guide words blush - buffalo, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day?\n\n0. 45\u00b0C\n1. 45\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 45\u00b0F.\n45\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the reptile.\n\n0. Chinese alligator\n1. California toad\n2. grass frog\n3. eastern newt" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A Chinese alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nAlligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.\nAn eastern newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nSome newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.\nA grass frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA California toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nAll religions, arts, and sciences are branches of the same tree.\n\u2014Albert Einstein\n\n0. All religions, arts, and sciences are distant from one another.\n1. All religions, arts, and sciences are related." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor all religions, arts, and sciences are branches of the same tree suggests that all religions, arts, and sciences are related. Those areas grow out of shared human motivations, just as the branches of a single tree grow from a shared trunk.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. wife\n1. hide\n2. life" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words wife and life rhyme. They both end with the ife sound.\nThe word hide does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 100\u00b0F\n1. 125\u00b0F\n2. 65\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 100. So, the temperature is 100\u00b0F.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hiking trail?\n\n0. 4 meters\n1. 4 millimeters\n2. 4 kilometers\n3. 4 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 4 kilometers.\n4 millimeters, 4 centimeters, and 4 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngarage - goose\n\n0. guess\n1. glow" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince glow is between the guide words garage - goose, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this pea plant's genotype for the stem height gene?\n\n0. HH\n1. a tall stem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The pea plant has two alleles for a tall stem (H). So, the plant's genotype for the stem height gene is HH.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The wheelchair is pushing on Darnel.\n1. The wheelchair is pulling on Darnel." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Darnel is pushing on the wheelchair. So, Newton's third law tells you that the wheelchair is pushing on Darnel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a warm grilled cheese sandwich?\n\n0. 55\u00b0F\n1. 55\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a warm grilled cheese sandwich is 55\u00b0C.\n55\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hiking trail?\n\n0. 5 meters\n1. 5 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 5 kilometers.\n5 meters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ndry ice sublimating and becoming a gas\nburning a marshmallow over a campfire\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. The heat from the fire causes the type of matter in the marshmallow to change. The marshmallow becomes black and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nDry ice sublimating is a physical change. But burning a marshmallow is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. But dry ice sublimating is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a meatball at a temperature of 139\u00b0F\n1. a meatball at a temperature of 126\u00b0F\n2. a meatball at a temperature of 111\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three meatballs have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 139\u00b0F meatball is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. ***The Lion and the Mouse***\n1. \"The Lion and the Mouse\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Lion and the Mouse**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nDust particles around nine nearby stars may have been caused by long-ago collisions between melting comets and asteroids.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nDust particles around nine nearby stars may have been caused by long-ago collisions between melting comets and asteroids.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nMia is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. compound\n2. simple\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nMia is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. bull ant\n1. red-kneed tarantula\n2. chinchilla\n3. comet moth" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other tarantulas, a red-kneed tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA bull ant is an insect. Like other insects, a bull ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA chinchilla is a mammal. Like other mammals, a chinchilla is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA comet moth is an insect. Like other insects, a comet moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a cherry pie at a temperature of 100\u00b0F\n1. a cherry pie at a temperature of 85\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 100\u00b0F pie is hotter than the 85\u00b0F pie, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nNicole learns about her ancestors in the book.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, learns. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Seth acquired this trait?\n\n0. Seth is most interested in plant biology.\n1. Seth learned biology by doing experiments." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Jordan decides to plant the chrysanthemums. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. He will save some space. The chrysanthemums will use up less space than the magnolia tree would have used up.\n1. Jordan will give up the chance to look at the magnolia tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the chrysanthemums." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jordan wants or needs:\nJordan will give up the chance to look at the magnolia tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the chrysanthemums.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\n\nQuestion:\nLook at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?\nme\n\n0. open\n1. closed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The word me ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWith the gutters clogged and water rising in the streets, Lacey, who was watching the storm from her window, commented, \"We're going to need an ark to get out of here.\"\n\n0. Lacey wants to protect her possessions.\n1. Lacey thinks the storm will cause major flooding." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Lacey thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWell, that's cast rather a gloom over the evening, hasn't it?\n\u2014Dinner guest, after a visit from the Grim Reaper, in Monty Python's The Meaning of Life\n\n0. understatement\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nRather a gloom is an understatement, since a visit from Death would presumably ruin an evening.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of an eyedropper?\n\n0. 5 milliliters\n1. 5 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of an eyedropper is 5 milliliters.\n5 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nPolly anticipated that the free makeover her friend was promising would turn out to be a Trojan horse.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Trojan horse is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, the Greek army tricks the Trojan army into taking a large wooden horse into their carefully guarded city. The horse turns out to be filled with Greek warriors who, once inside the city of Troy, open the gates to the Greek army waiting outside.\nThe allusion Trojan horse means a deceptive or harmful offering.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. In June, Bridget and Max will graduate with honors from Lowell High School.\n1. When the supervisor arrived at the quarry, six dump trucks were in line at the gate." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nIn June, Bridget and Max will graduate with honors from Lowell High School.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a warm, sunny day?\n\n0. 26\u00b0C\n1. 26\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a warm, sunny day is 26\u00b0C.\n26\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is bumpier?\n\n0. bark\n1. wood ruler" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Bumpy is a property. A bumpy material is covered in lumps and bumps. It is not flat or smooth.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the bark is bumpier. If you could touch this tree bark, it would feel lumpy and bumpy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Writers can organize their ideas in different ways. These ways of organizing writing are called text structures. When you can tell how a text is organized, it's easier to understand how the writer's ideas go together. You can also use these text structures to organize your own writing.\n | Text structure | Where you might find it | Words and phrases to look for\nA sequential structure tells you about events that happen in a certain order. | a recipe for how to make a blueberry pie | first, until, second, after, next, then, before, finally, during\nA cause-effect structure shows the causes and the effects, or results, of an event. | an essay about how recycling helps the environment | because, led to, since, as a result, due to, so, reason\nA problem-solution structure explains a problem and offers possible solutions. | an article about ways to get more people to vote | issue, suggest, question, puzzle, fix, answer\nA compare-contrast structure shows how two (or more) things are the same or different. | a chapter about the differences between whales and sharks | like, unlike, too, on the other hand, both, while, same, instead, common, different, as well as, however\nA descriptive structure tells you a list of details about an object, scene, or topic. | a paragraph about what Tyrannosaurus rex looked like| for example, near, for instance beside, such as, most important, also\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text structure does the text use?\n\n0. sequential\n1. cause-effect" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a cause-effect structure to show what happens if you watch too much television. In the text, certain words and phrases help to organize ideas in a cause-effect structure. Notice the phrase results in and the words makes, means, and because.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Pablo,\n1. dear Pablo," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Pablo is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nNorma's phone slipped out of her pocket, landing in the toilet with a plop.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nPlop represents the sound of the phone landing in the toilet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Rachel investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?\n1. Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?\n2. Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word nature on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nneither - nuisance\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nature is not between the guide words neither - nuisance, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nRed velvet cupcakes were Mabel's Achilles's heel when she was trying to eat more healthily.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Norwood. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Norwood?\n\n0. The supply probably went up.\n1. The supply probably went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a metaphor?\n\n0. The tired boy was a slow turtle.\n1. The tired boy was as slow as a turtle." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe tired boy was a slow turtle.\nThe words boy and turtle are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe tired boy was as slow as a turtle.\nThe words boy and turtle are compared using the word as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As a geneticist, Suzie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\n1. As a geneticist, Suzie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Suzie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Suzie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDerek remarked that the new book on anti-gravity was impossible to put down.\n\n0. pun\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe old wooden rocking chair that Norma brought home from the rummage sale was as comfortable as a bed of nails.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs comfortable as a bed of nails shows verbal irony because sitting on nails would not be comfortable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nThe likelihood of two people having the same set of fingerprints is incredibly low.\n\n0. declarative\n1. exclamatory\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. See you soon,\nJanet\n1. See You Soon,\nJanet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to go for a walk with a dog?\n\n0. 13 seconds\n1. 13 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to go for a walk with a dog is 13 minutes.\n13 seconds is too fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Edwin acquired this trait?\n\n0. Edwin learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects.\n1. Edwin likes to look at butterflies and beetles." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich drop of honey has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the drop of honey with less thermal energy\n1. the drop of honey with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two drops of honey are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the drop of honey with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThere are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Martha lives.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThere are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Martha lives.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy. When the air pressure is high, the sky is usually clear.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of air pressure where Martha lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. wife\n1. swim\n2. life" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words wife and life rhyme. They both end with the ife sound.\nThe word swim does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Hari's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. a black coat\n1. a spotted coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hari's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa. Hari's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for a spotted coat. So, Hari's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Hari's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted coat (a) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nHari's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Hari's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nWhitney told her friends that Alvin was a typical Peter Pan type.\n\n0. literature\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 200-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 155\u00b0F\n1. a 200-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 115\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 155\u00b0F mug of cocoa is hotter than the 115\u00b0F mug of cocoa, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Ken are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Ken?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Ken.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Ken." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Ken, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Ken down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Ken up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Ken.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWould you please be careful with my new laptop? That thing cost a million dollars!\n\n0. euphemism\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nA million dollars is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that a laptop would actually cost a million dollars.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a long-distance running race?\n\n0. 18 yards\n1. 18 inches\n2. 18 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 18 miles.\n18 inches and 18 yards are both too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe students start rolling their backpacks at the same speed. Which backpack is pulled with a larger force?\n\n0. a backpack carrying 9 pounds\n1. a backpack carrying 6 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the backpack that is heavier.\nA backpack carrying 9 pounds is heavier than a backpack carrying 6 pounds. So, the backpack carrying 9 pounds needs to be pulled with a larger force to start rolling at the same speed as the other backpack.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Abby was surprised when the article said that at least one-third of American adults get less than seven hours of sleep each night.\n1. Abby was surprised when it said that at least one-third of American adults get less than seven hours of sleep each night." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the article.\nAbby was surprised when the article said that at least one-third of American adults get less than seven hours of sleep each night.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word radio on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nrescue - road\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince radio is not between the guide words rescue - road, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMost humans can hear many different sounds.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Babies do not need to learn how to hear sounds. They are able to hear naturally. So, the ability to hear is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a pot of boiling water?\n\n0. 100\u00b0F\n1. 100\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a pot of boiling water is 100\u00b0C.\n100\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nLast year, the city of Hillsdale allocated more money to public parks. This year, however, littering increased, so the increase in park funding must have been responsible.\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that increased park funding was responsible for an increase in littering. However, even though littering increased after funding to parks was increased, that doesn't necessarily mean that the funding was responsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhy might a person have a limb amputated?\n\n0. After an accident, the limb is too badly injured to heal.\n1. The limb has healed from a serious disease." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nHe had hoped to find his missing watch, but he couldn't find the time.\n\n0. allusion\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHe couldn't find the time means he didn't have enough time to go looking. It also suggests that he didn't manage to find his watch.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nTara swore she would never go back to Hampton, but I told her she should never say never. The city might be a very different place in ten years.\n\n0. paradox\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNever say never at first appears to be contradictory: by saying the phrase itself, you have already said never. However, it contains some truth: people often change their minds as they age and so should not rule anything out by saying never.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day?\n\n0. 22\u00b0F\n1. 22\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day is 22\u00b0F.\n22\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 7-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 135\u00b0C\n1. a 7-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 110\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 135\u00b0C block is hotter than the 110\u00b0C block, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Keith acquired this trait?\n\n0. Keith likes to look at butterflies and beetles.\n1. Keith learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the action that doesn't belong.\n\n0. chop\n1. blend\n2. stir\n3. mix" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Chop doesn't belong.\nBlend, mix, and stir all describe ways to combine things.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Mona investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with garlic spray than from unsprayed bean plants?\n1. Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with coffee spray than from unsprayed bean plants?\n2. Do the deer eat more leaves from tomato plants or from squash plants?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhy might a person have a limb amputated?\n\n0. The limb has healed from a serious disease.\n1. The limb cannot recover from an infection." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word pink on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nparrot - property\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pink is between the guide words parrot - property, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Ronald shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\n1. Ronald shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nRonald shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nRonald shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Katy inherited this trait?\n\n0. Katy's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Katy.\n1. Katy's hair is the same color as her brown eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word nor on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nnap - neither\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nor is not between the guide words nap - neither, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe washing machine () when Doug ran an oversized load of laundry.\n\n0. complained\n1. broke" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word complained. It describes the washing machine as if it were a grumpy, overworked person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Bryant decides to take a trip to Connecticut. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Bryant will spend more money. Plane tickets for Bryant to get to Connecticut are more expensive than tickets to Iowa.\n1. Bryant will enjoy his trip to Connecticut more than he would have enjoyed a trip to Iowa." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Bryant wants or needs:\nBryant will spend more money. Plane tickets for Bryant to get to Connecticut are more expensive than tickets to Iowa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. When Becky parked her scooter next to Mr. McDowell's car, she noticed that the scooter had a flat tire.\n1. When Becky parked her scooter next to Mr. McDowell's car, she noticed that it had a flat tire." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to her scooter or Mr. McDowell's car.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the scooter.\nWhen Becky parked her scooter next to Mr. McDowell's car, she noticed that the scooter had a flat tire.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhen was Benjamin Franklin born?\n\n0. 1856\n1. 1656\n2. 1776\n3. 1706" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Benjamin Franklin helped write the Declaration of Independence in 1776. So, he must have been born before then. The choice 1656 is too early. He would've been over 100 years old in 1776! So, the correct choice is 1706.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the crustacean traits listed above.\n\n0. Earthworms live in soil and have no limbs. Their bodies are soft, cylindrical, and made up of many segments.\n1. Blue crabs are omnivores. Omnivores are animals that are adapted to eat both plants and animals. Blue crabs have an exoskeleton and two pairs of antennae." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nCrustaceans have the following traits:\nThey have two pairs of antennae.\nThey have an exoskeleton.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nAn earthworm has the following traits:\nIt has a soft, cylindrical body.\nIt has no limbs.\nIt is made up of segments.\nAn earthworm does not have all of the traits of a crustacean. An earthworm is a segmented worm.\nA blue crab has the following traits:\nIt has two pairs of antennae.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nA blue crab has the traits of a crustacean. A blue crab is a crustacean.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Trevor acquired this trait?\n\n0. Some scars fade more quickly than others.\n1. Trevor's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to the Seventh Amendment, who has the final say in deciding who wins a court case?\n\n0. the president\n1. the judge\n2. the defendant\n3. the jury" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "According to the Seventh Amendment, the jury has the final say in deciding who wins a court case. The judge is usually not allowed to change a jury's decision. A jury is a group of regular citizens who listen to a trial. Then they decide together which side is right. In the United States, juries are supposed to come from the area where the crime or disagreement took place. Most trial juries have between 6 and 12 people, called jurors. If you are an American citizen, you may be asked to be on a jury someday! Part of the text of the Seventh Amendment is below. What kind of trials does the amendment talk about? In suits at common law. . .the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Mia decides to go as a superhero. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Mia will give up the chance to wear the costume she is more excited about.\n1. Mia will save some time and money. She won't have to go out and get a new costume." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mia wants or needs:\nMia will give up the chance to wear the costume she is more excited about.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Mr. Livingston's afternoon lecture was about art and culture in Germany before World War II.\n1. Although she left her house early, Cara barely made it to the train station in time." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction although.\nAlthough she left her house early, Cara barely made it to the train station in time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Love,\nZoe\n1. love,\nZoe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\n1. As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.\nAs a teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\nThe second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.\nAs an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. McDowell believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. It is bad for a country to have a king or queen.\n1. Felipe VI is the king of Spain." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nFelipe VI is the king of Spain.\nIt can be proved by looking in a book about the government of Spain.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nIt is bad for a country to have a king or queen.\nBad shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether something is good or bad.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nA modern-day Icarus, Miranda launched into the first stretch of the marathon at a breakneck pace.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Icarus is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Icarus's father Daedalus built wings for his son but warned him not to fly too high. Too excited to heed his father's advice, Icarus flew so close to the sun that his wings melted and he fell from the sky.\nThe allusion Icarus means an overconfident person who ignores his or her limitations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Michelle inherited this trait?\n\n0. Michelle's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Michelle.\n1. Michelle and her mother both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDeb insisted that her dog wasn't fat; she said that he was merely well-fed.\n\n0. paradox\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nWell-fed is an indirect way of saying overweight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. In the story, a giant hid a bag of gold and jewels.\n1. Our car was stuck in traffic, we were late." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In the story, a giant hid a bag of gold and jewels is a complete sentence. The subject is a giant, and the verb is hid.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air inside of a freezer?\n\n0. 15\u00b0F\n1. 15\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a freezer is 15\u00b0F.\n15\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMost of the people who knew Harold considered him to be an unrepentant Casanova.\n\n0. history\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Casanova is history.\nThe autobiography of Giovanni Giacomo Casanova, an eighteenth-century Italian adventurer, details and perhaps exaggerates his amorous adventures and success with women.\nThe allusion Casanova means a womanizer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nHe clasps the crag with crooked hands;\nClose to the sun in lonely lands . . .\n\u2014Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\n\n0. idiom\n1. alliteration" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses alliteration, the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nClasps the crag with crooked hands repeats the c sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nNuclear weapons are a threat to the stability and safety of the world. Like nuclear weapons, nuclear power plants rely on fission. Therefore, nuclear power plants are also a threat to the stability and safety of the world.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n2. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that nuclear power plants are a threat to world safety because they use the same process as nuclear bombs. However, this is not evidence that nuclear power plants are a threat to world stability. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich basketball has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter basketball\n1. the colder basketball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two basketballs are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter basketball has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ernesto inherited this trait?\n\n0. Ernesto's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes.\n1. Ernesto wears glasses and so do his sisters.\n2. Ernesto's friend also has hazel eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a TV show?\n\n0. The Adventures of Chuck and Friends\n1. the Adventures of Chuck and Friends" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of and and are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Adventures of Chuck and Friends.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMrs. McCall decided not to argue with the name her daughter had chosen for their new kitten, figuring it was a matter of a rose by any other name.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. a poem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na slice of banana turning brown\nchicken cooking in an oven\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA slice of banana turning brown is a chemical change. The part of the banana in contact with the air reacts with oxygen and turns into a different type of matter.\nCooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But a slice of banana turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Cindy inherited this trait?\n\n0. Cindy's biological parents have red hair. Cindy also has red hair.\n1. Cindy's neighbor also has straight hair.\n2. Cindy's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a newspaper?\n\n0. The Fresno Bee\n1. the fresno Bee" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is The Fresno Bee.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. bib\n1. job\n2. sob" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words sob and job rhyme. They both end with the ob sound.\nThe word bib does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nYou won't find a single polite person in a big city. I went downtown today, and no one would stop to give me directions! Those city dwellers have got some nerve!\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the speaker's bad experience downtown indicates that all people who live in cities are rude. However, the speaker's experience with a handful of people in one city does not necessarily reflect the behavior of all people in cities everywhere. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nIn the game today, Molly hit a home run with bases loaded!\n\n0. declarative\n1. exclamatory\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement that shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kenneth inherited this trait?\n\n0. Kenneth and his father both have dark hair.\n1. Kenneth's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Kenneth." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nBrenda plays tennis.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play tennis. Instead, some people learn how to play tennis. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing tennis is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentences.\nThe Sixth Amendment talks about criminal trials. It says that all criminal trials must be speedy and public. It also says that anyone accused of a crime has the right to get help from ().\n\n0. the army\n1. the president\n2. a lawyer\n3. other countries" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Sixth Amendment says that all criminal trials must be speedy and public. It also says that anyone accused of a crime has the right to get help from a lawyer. A lawyer is a person trained in the law. If someone cannot afford to hire a lawyer, the government will pay for one. Usually these lawyers are called public defenders. There are more than 15,000 public defenders in the United States. They defend people in millions of criminal cases every year. Part of the text of the Sixth Amendment is below. Notice the phrases \"speedy and public trial\" and \"assistance of counsel.\" Does the text mention any other rules for trials? In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed. . .and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Blossom's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a black coat\n1. a reddish-brown coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Blossom's genotype for the coat color gene is ll. Blossom's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for a reddish-brown coat. So, Blossom's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Blossom's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nBlossom's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Blossom's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to slide down a slide?\n\n0. 3 seconds\n1. 3 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to slide down a slide is 3 seconds.\n3 minutes is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Alligators eat animals.\n1. Ivy has star-shaped leaves.\n2. Hippopotamuses eat plants.\n3. Water buffalo eat plants." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An alligator is an animal. It eats other animals.\nAlligators can live in ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.\nA hippopotamus is an animal. It eats plants.\nHippopotamuses keep cool by lying in mud or water.\nIvy is a plant. It has green star-shaped leaves.\nIvy is a climbing plant. It can grow up the sides of walls, trees, and rocks. But its roots grow in the ground.\nA water buffalo is an animal. It eats plants.\nWater buffalo live near water. They can live near rivers or swamps.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nIn ancient Greece and Rome, dice were usually made from bone and ivory.\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a passenger helicopter?\n\n0. 4 ounces\n1. 4 pounds\n2. 4 tons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a passenger helicopter is 4 tons.\n4 ounces and 4 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Victoria investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n1. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n2. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a kitchen sink?\n\n0. 13 gallons\n1. 13 fluid ounces\n2. 13 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a kitchen sink is 13 gallons.\n13 fluid ounces and 13 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nclover - cry\n\n0. come\n1. cap" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince come is between the guide words clover - cry, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Tisha's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair.\n1. Tisha's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nTisha's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nTisha's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIt's an open secret that Hunter is writing a book based on his experiences living in Singapore. He never talks about it, but almost all his friends know.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOpen secret is a contradiction, because open describes something that is freely or publicly known, and a secret is hidden.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Darren inherited this trait?\n\n0. Darren and his biological mother have pale skin.\n1. Darren's biological parents have freckles on their noses just as Darren does.\n2. Darren has freckles on his nose and shoulders." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Dr. Erickson and her team took horses and went to a place that had no modern medical services.\n1. Dr. Erickson and her team traveled by horseback to a remote village that had no modern medical services." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (took, went).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. birdwing butterfly\n1. trapdoor spider\n2. forest scorpion\n3. wombat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other spiders, a trapdoor spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA birdwing butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a birdwing butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other scorpions, a forest scorpion is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA wombat is a mammal. Like other mammals, a wombat is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word slide on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsatisfy - suggest\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince slide is between the guide words satisfy - suggest, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbookcase - burden\n\n0. beware\n1. brilliant" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince brilliant is between the guide words bookcase - burden, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Uncle Jim,\n1. dear Uncle Jim," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Jim is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bottle of nail polish?\n\n0. 11 liters\n1. 11 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a bottle of nail polish is 11 milliliters.\n11 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a cold glass of water?\n\n0. 3\u00b0C\n1. 3\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a cold glass of water is 3\u00b0C.\n3\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na piece of pizza rotting in a trashcan\nburning a candle\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of pizza rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the pizza breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But a piece of pizza rotting is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nThe makeup artist's devotion to his work has at times turned into a personal obsession with certain clients, leading some to call him a modern-day Pygmalion.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Pygmalion is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Pygmalion was a king who fell in love with his sculpture of an ideal woman. The statue then came to life in answer to his prayer.\nThe allusion Pygmalion means a person who becomes overly invested in his or her creation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kenny acquired this trait?\n\n0. Some scars fade more quickly than others.\n1. Kenny's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't try to tell me that you only watch educational programming, Gina! I know for a fact that your sister only watches reality television.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Gina must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Gina's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Gina does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Mia adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\n1. Mia adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nMia adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nMia adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nOver time, too much sun will harm your skin.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, harm. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAt twenty-one, Ernesto felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland.\n\n0. allusion\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe rise of video games has led to more computer science PhDs, as shown by the fact that the number of PhD degrees in computer science increased as video games became more popular.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that a rise in video games has increased the number of PhD degrees in computer science. However, this isn't necessarily true. There could be common explanation for both increases. For example, increased access to computers could be responsible for both the rise in video games and the increase in computer science PhDs. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a short story?\n\n0. Pigs Is Pigs\n1. \"Pigs Is Pigs\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A short story should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Pigs Is Pigs.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nJamie usually eats oatmeal for breakfast.\n\n0. declarative\n1. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Giant water lilies can grow big flowers.\n1. Chameleons walk and climb." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A giant water lily is a plant. It can grow big flowers.\nGiant water lilies grow in the Amazon river in South America.\nA chameleon is an animal. It walks and climbs.\nChameleons can grab onto branches with their tails. This helps chameleons walk between tree tops.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the reptile traits listed above.\n\n0. Common snapping turtles hatch from eggs with shells. They have powerful beaks. When a snapping turtle is threatened by a predator, it snaps its beak! Snapping turtles have scaly, waterproof skin.\n1. Salmon lay eggs with no shells at the bottom of freshwater streams. Salmon use their powerful fins to swim. They can even jump up small waterfalls!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nReptiles have the following traits:\nThey have scaly, waterproof skin.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA common snapping turtle has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA common snapping turtle has the traits of a reptile. A common snapping turtle is a reptile.\nA salmon has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA salmon does not have all of the traits of a reptile. A salmon is a fish.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a hot day in the desert?\n\n0. 45\u00b0F\n1. 45\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a hot day in the desert is 45\u00b0C.\n45\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Maureen inherited this trait?\n\n0. Maureen's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Maureen.\n1. Maureen and her mother both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. see you soon,\nRose\n1. See you soon,\nRose" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nTwo baked potatoes have the same temperature but different masses. Which potato has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the baked potato with more mass\n1. the baked potato with less mass" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two baked potatoes have the same temperature and are made of the same type of matter. So, the baked potato with more mass has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"That fits you well,\" Tamir remarked after Kinsley's cap fell over her eyes for the tenth time.\n\n0. The cap was a good fit.\n1. The cap was too big." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nFits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Kinsley's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hammer?\n\n0. 25 centimeters\n1. 25 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a hammer is 25 centimeters.\n25 meters is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. According to Rebecca, Willie Mays hit 660 career home runs, although Joe DiMaggio had a higher batting average. She said that he is her favorite player.\n1. According to Rebecca, Willie Mays hit 660 career home runs, although Joe DiMaggio had a higher batting average. She said that Mays is her favorite player." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Joe Di Maggio or Willie Mays.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Mays.\nAccording to Rebecca, Willie Mays hit 660 career home runs, although Joe DiMaggio had a higher batting average. She said that Mays is her favorite player.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Granodiorite is not made by living things. It is a solid.\n1. A brick is made in a factory. It is not a pure substance.\n2. Limestone is formed in nature. It is not a pure substance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nGranodiorite is a rock.\nA brick is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, a brick is not a rock.\nLimestone is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ryan acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ryan knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Ryan learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Listened to soft music alone in his room.\n1. He won't get lost I will give him directions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "He won't get lost I will give him directions is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: He won't get lost and I will give him directions.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJen has a scar on her left knee.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Warren inherited this trait?\n\n0. Warren's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Warren.\n1. Warren's mother cuts his hair every month." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich mug of cider has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the mug of cider with less thermal energy\n1. the mug of cider with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two mugs of cider are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the mug of cider with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the reptile.\n\n0. great white shark\n1. olive toad\n2. American alligator\n3. western gorilla" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An olive toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nGreat white sharks can live for up to 70 years.\nA western gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nGorillas live in groups called troops. The largest male in the troop is usually the leader.\nAn American alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nAlligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI am an animal.\nI live with people.\nYou have to feed me.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a pet\n1. a plant" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A pet is an animal.\nA pet lives with people.\nYou have to feed a pet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMs. Thompson has suggested that our schools let students take statistics instead of algebra to graduate. Frankly, it is puzzling to me that she thinks algebra is a useless subject.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n2. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Ms. Thompson thinks algebra is useless because she would let students take statistics instead. However, Ms. Thompson only claimed that students should be allowed to take statistics instead of algebra. She did not suggest that algebra is a useless subject. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nShawna has a scar on her left knee.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nWe called a taxi for Mr. McClure. Whose car was towed from the no-parking zone in front of the firehouse.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nWe called a taxi for Mr. McClure. Whose car was towed from the no-parking zone in front of the firehouse.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nWe called a taxi for Mr. McClure, whose car was towed from the no-parking zone in front of the firehouse.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. see you soon,\nJack\n1. See you soon,\nJack" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As a teacher of American history, Mr. Gordon tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\n1. As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. Gordon believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.\nAs a teacher of American history, Mr. Gordon tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\nThe second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.\nAs an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. Gordon believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nWhen Zeke lost his job, he was devastated. The only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career.\n\n0. Zeke felt in the dark about what to do after losing his job.\n1. There was a benefit to Zeke's job loss." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Zeke's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Zeke's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that John inherited this trait?\n\n0. John wears glasses and so do his sisters.\n1. John's friend also has hazel eyes.\n2. John's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a poem?\n\n0. \"The Mountain and the Squirrel\"\n1. The Mountain and the Squirrel" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A poem should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"The Mountain and the Squirrel.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word beauty on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nblame - bunk\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince beauty is not between the guide words blame - bunk, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Vocal cords in your throat help you make sounds.\n1. Jasper won the school costume contest, his mom felt proud." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Jasper won the school costume contest, his mom felt proud is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Jasper won the school costume contest and His mom felt proud.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nslate - strong\n\n0. smile\n1. shred" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince smile is between the guide words slate - strong, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ takes in oxygen from the air?\n\n0. skeleton\n1. heart\n2. brain\n3. lungs" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. With love,\nKevin\n1. with love,\nKevin" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbaking cookies\nwater evaporating from a puddle\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. Cookies are made from cookie dough. Baking turns the cookie dough into cookies. The cookies are a different type of matter than the dough.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nWater evaporating is a physical change. But baking cookies is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. But water evaporating from a puddle is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an ear of corn?\n\n0. 12 pounds\n1. 12 tons\n2. 12 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of an ear of corn is 12 ounces.\n12 pounds and 12 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word other on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\noccur - oil\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince other is not between the guide words occur - oil, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nHanson's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSince Laura Ellis became vice president of the parent-teacher association, student performance has declined and teacher morale is down. We on the school board believe that Ellis bears sole responsibility for the downtrend.\n\n0. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Laura Ellis is responsible for the decline in student performance and teacher morale. However, even though things declined after Ellis became vice president of the parent-teacher association, that doesn't necessarily mean that she caused the downturn. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an eraser?\n\n0. 2 tons\n1. 2 ounces\n2. 2 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of an eraser is 2 ounces.\n2 pounds and 2 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nerosion caused by wind\nice melting in a cup\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nErosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter.\nIce melting in a cup is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water.\nThe links between atoms in the water molecules do not change. So, a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nIce melting is caused by heating. But erosion caused by wind is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nScarlett has a lot on her plate: she is attending college, has a full-time job as a waitress, and volunteers at the animal shelter.\n\n0. Scarlett has many responsibilities.\n1. Scarlett has worked up an appetite." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Scarlett has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an apple?\n\n0. 100 grams\n1. 100 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an apple is 100 grams.\n100 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 120-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 10\u00b0C\n1. a 120-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 20\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bottles of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 10\u00b0C bottle of water is colder than the 20\u00b0C bottle of water, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nWhen Alvin lost his job, he was devastated. The only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career.\n\n0. There was a benefit to Alvin's job loss.\n1. Alvin felt in the dark about what to do after losing his job." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Alvin's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Alvin's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nHunter invited Stacy to his house.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, invited. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Emma took the memory card out of the digital camera and put it in her desk drawer.\n1. Emma took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the memory card or the digital camera.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the card.\nEmma took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nSandeep dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion prodigal son is the Bible.\nIn a Biblical parable, the prodigal son irresponsibly spends the inheritance given to him by his father. When he returns home, he expects to be shamed, but his father forgives him.\nThe allusion prodigal son means a person who behaves recklessly but later makes a repentant return.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMaya needs a new pair of shoes.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, needs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSusan has a scar on her right hand.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na piece of pear turning brown\nacid rain weathering a marble statue\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of a pear turning brown is a chemical change. The substances in the pear react with oxygen in the air and turn into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the pear, the inside will still be white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the pear.\nAcid rain weathering a marble statue is a chemical change. The acid rain reacts with the outside of the statue and breaks it down into a different type of matter. This new matter is then washed away by the rain. Acid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when smoke from automobiles and factories mixes with water in clouds.\nAcid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when automobiles and factories release smoke containing sulfur or nitrogen. Some of these chemicals react with water in the atmosphere. The reaction forms droplets of water that can fall back to the ground as acid rain.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAfter a parrotfish eats algae-covered coral, the coral travels through the fish's digestive system, and then it is deposited in the reef as white coral sand.\n\n0. compound\n1. simple\n2. compound-complex\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction after.\nAfter a parrotfish eats algae-covered coral, the coral travels through the fish's digestive system, and then it is deposited in the reef as white coral sand.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nplants making food from sunlight, air, and water\na penny tarnishing\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nPlants making food is a chemical change. Plants use energy from sunlight to change air and water into food. The food is sugar. Sugar is a different type of matter than air or water.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the mango's motion?\n\n0. The mango has a constant velocity.\n1. The mango is accelerating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The mango is remaining motionless. So, the mango has a constant velocity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSince Hampton College receives more applications for admission than Greenpoint University, Hampton College is evidently a better school.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Hampton College is better than Greenpoint University because Hampton College receives more applications. However, the popularity of a school does not necessarily indicate its quality. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids.\n1. Circles the date on her wall calendar." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Circles the date on her wall calendar is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a human front tooth?\n\n0. 14 meters\n1. 14 millimeters\n2. 14 kilometers\n3. 14 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a human front tooth is 14 millimeters.\n14 centimeters, 14 meters, and 14 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nEmmy is good at knitting hats.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The gas pedal is pulling on Nicole's foot.\n1. The gas pedal is pushing on Nicole's foot." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Nicole's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Nicole's foot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Minnie's phenotype for the whisker type trait?\n\n0. HH\n1. straight whiskers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Minnie's observable version of the whisker type trait is straight whiskers. So, Minnie's phenotype for the whisker type trait is straight whiskers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI'm never setting foot in any seafood restaurant again. We just had a ridiculously overpriced dinner at Mateo's Seafood Hut, and I have no interest in repeating that experience.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\n1. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that all seafood restaurants are overpriced. However, even though one seafood restaurant was overpriced, that doesn't necessarily mean that all seafood restaurants are overpriced. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word wealthy on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwand - what\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince wealthy is between the guide words wand - what, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nDuring last night's thunderstorm, a flurry of tiny hailstones danced across the roof of our house.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. compound\n2. simple\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nDuring last night's thunderstorm, a flurry of tiny hailstones danced across the roof of our house.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Humans have invented many ways to use natural resources. We use energy from natural resources in our daily activities, including cooking food, moving objects, and powering machines.\nSome ways of using natural resources for energy add to air pollution, and others do not.\nWood, oil, and coal are examples of natural resources that are fuels. Burning a fuel provides energy. But it also releases chemicals that can be harmful to our health and to the environment. These chemicals add to air pollution.\nSunlight, wind, and water are natural resources that can provide energy. Using energy from the Sun, wind, or water does not burn material. These uses of energy do not release chemicals that add to air pollution.\n\nQuestion:\nBelow are three examples of using energy from natural resources. Select the use of energy that did not add to air pollution.\n\n0. The engine on a garbage truck burned natural gas.\n1. Many early railway locomotives had engines that burned coal.\n2. Wind turned the blades of a windmill that was used to grind wheat into flour." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a watering can?\n\n0. 24 cups\n1. 24 fluid ounces\n2. 24 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a watering can is 24 cups.\n24 fluid ounces is too little and 24 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe mom and dad push the strollers at the same speed. Which stroller is pushed with a larger force?\n\n0. a stroller with kid that weighs 27 pounds\n1. a stroller with kid that weighs 26 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the stroller that is heavier.\nA stroller holding a kid that weighs 27 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 26 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 27 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a 200-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 187\u00b0F\n1. a 200-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 154\u00b0F\n2. a 200-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 172\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 154\u00b0F cup of black tea is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mrs. Chapman informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.\n1. Mrs. Chapman told her assistant to book a flight to Livingston immediately." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Chapman or her assistant.\nMrs. Chapman informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Chapman told her assistant to book a flight to Livingston immediately.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwhoop - wren\n\n0. wait\n1. width" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince width is between the guide words whoop - wren, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich banana has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the banana with less thermal energy\n1. the banana with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bananas are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the banana with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nIn such an unfamiliar environment, Luca was a fish out of water.\n\n0. Luca felt out of place.\n1. Luca didn't have any friends." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Luca felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a cement truck?\n\n0. 20 tons\n1. 20 pounds\n2. 20 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a cement truck is 20 tons.\n20 ounces and 20 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nWhen matter is a gas, it spreads out to fill a space.\nMany gases are invisible. So, you can\u2019t see them. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. air inside a balloon\n1. wet paint\n2. tent" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas spreads out to fill a space. The air inside a balloon spreads out to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will spread out to fill a much larger space.\nA tent is a solid. You can fold a tent or spread it out. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nWet paint is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour wet paint out of a can, the paint will change shape. But the wet paint will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sofa?\n\n0. 3 millimeters\n1. 3 centimeters\n2. 3 kilometers\n3. 3 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 3 meters.\n3 millimeters and 3 centimeters are too short. 3 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to the Tenth Amendment, who or what holds the powers not listed in the Constitution?\n\n0. the governments of Canada and Mexico\n1. the American people and the state governments\n2. the military and private businesses\n3. the president and vice president" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "According to the Tenth Amendment, the Constitution lists all the powers given to the United States government. Any power not listed in the Constitution belongs to either the American people or the state governments. The full text of the Tenth Amendment is below. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word bright on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbelieve - burrow\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bright is between the guide words believe - burrow, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nBarbara has a lot on her plate: she is attending college, has a full-time job as a waitress, and volunteers at the animal shelter.\n\n0. Barbara has many responsibilities.\n1. Barbara has no time to eat well." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Barbara has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Last winter, Dale took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\n1. Last winter, Dale took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Dale tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Dale took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Dale's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Dale took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't try to tell me that you only watch educational programming, Rebecca! I know for a fact that your sister only watches reality television.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Rebecca must watch reality television, because her sister watches reality television. However, even though Rebecca's sister watches reality television, that doesn't necessarily mean that Rebecca does, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nIn the 1970s, several countries in the Middle East decided to pump less oil from their oil wells. Oil is often made into gasoline. What happened to the world's overall supply of gasoline?\n\n0. The supply went up.\n1. The supply went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Oil is a resource for gasoline. When oil became more expensive, it was harder to get. There was less of it that could be made into gasoline. So, the supply of gasoline went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would smell more?\n\n0. toothpaste\n1. metal car bumper" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smelly is a property. A smelly material has a strong smell.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine smelling the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the toothpaste would smell more. Toothpaste has a strong smell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a drinking straw?\n\n0. 10 inches\n1. 10 yards\n2. 10 feet\n3. 10 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a drinking straw is 10 inches.\n10 feet, 10 yards, and 10 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Bert sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. complex\n1. simple\n2. compound\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Bert sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nAt the conclusion of the War of 1812, the youngest general in the army was Winfield Scott. Whose tactical methods and regulations came to define the U.S. Army for most of the nineteenth century.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nAt the conclusion of the War of 1812, the youngest general in the army was Winfield Scott. Whose tactical methods and regulations came to define the U.S. Army for most of the nineteenth century.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nAt the conclusion of the War of 1812, the youngest general in the army was Winfield Scott, whose tactical methods and regulations came to define the U.S. Army for most of the nineteenth century.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Dolly's phenotype for the coat graying trait?\n\n0. not having a graying coat\n1. having a graying coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Dolly's genotype for the coat graying gene is gg. Dolly's genotype of gg has only g alleles. The g allele is for not having a graying coat. So, Dolly's phenotype for the coat graying trait must be not having a graying coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Dolly's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having a graying coat (G) is dominant over the allele for not having a graying coat (g). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nDolly's genotype of gg has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Dolly's phenotype for the coat graying trait must be not having a graying coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nPeople with larger houses live longer. I guess bigger homes are better for your health!\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\n2. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that larger houses lead to better health. However, that's not necessarily true. For instance, perhaps having a bigger home and better health care both result from being rich. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The manager put the antique vases on these tables to show that they are reserved.\n1. To show that these tables are reserved, the manager put the antique vases on them." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to the vases or the tables.\nThe manager put the antique vases on these tables to show that they are reserved.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nTo show that these tables are reserved, the manager put the antique vases on them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nHow do I know that Lacey is the most intelligent person in our geometry class? I know because she's so smart.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Lacey is intelligent because she's smart. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nPresident Townsend is an effective communicator, because he has a natural talent for speaking with people.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that President Townsend is an effective communicator because he communicates well. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Uncle Kendrick will keep snoring until he rolls over onto his stomach.\n1. In 1900, the U.S. state with the largest population was New York." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction until.\nUncle Kendrick will keep snoring until he rolls over onto his stomach.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nA part of Earth's surface moves and shakes.\n\n0. flood\n1. wildfire\n2. earthquake" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Algernon's genotype for the fur color gene?\n\n0. brown fur\n1. ff" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Algernon has two alleles for brown fur (f). So, Algernon's genotype for the fur color gene is ff.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "To stay alive, animal cells must get water and oxygen. Animal cells also produce carbon dioxide, a waste that must be removed. An animal's respiratory and circulatory systems work together to do these jobs.\nAn animal's respiratory system is made up of organs that work together to bring in oxygen gas from the environment. The respiratory system also removes carbon dioxide gas from the animal's body. Some animals have lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air. Other animals have gills to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with water.\nAn animal's circulatory system is made up of organs that work together to move blood through its body. The heart pumps blood through blood vessels throughout the body. As blood moves through blood vessels, it delivers oxygen, nutrients from food, and water to cells. Blood also absorbs waste, including carbon dioxide. When the blood is pumped into the lungs or gills, it releases carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich job does the circulatory system do?\n\n0. It brings nutrients to cells.\n1. It breaks down food into small pieces." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The circulatory system brings oxygen, nutrients, and water to cells. It also helps remove carbon dioxide waste.\nThe circulatory system does not break down food into small pieces. This job is done by the digestive system. After the digestive system breaks down food, blood vessels in the intestines absorb the nutrients from the food. The blood then carries the nutrients to cells throughout the body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nMelted rock comes out from below Earth's surface.\n\n0. flood\n1. earthquake\n2. volcanic eruption" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a motorboat that moved 185miles west in 10hours\n1. a motorboat that moved 150miles north in 10hours\n2. a motorboat that moved 250miles west in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 10 hours. The motorboat that moved 150 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntarpaulin - transport\n\n0. twine\n1. tile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince tile is between the guide words tarpaulin - transport, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Emmy investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a rubber inner tube sled go faster down a small hill or down a big hill?\n1. Does a plastic sled or a wooden sled go down a hill faster?\n2. Does a rubber inner tube sled or a plastic sled go faster down a hill?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThe windiest months on Mount Everest are November, December, and January.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThe windiest months on Mount Everest are November, December, and January.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern on Mount Everest. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is more flexible?\n\n0. diamond\n1. wool sweater" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the wool sweater is more flexible. If you fold a wool sweater, it will not break.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her organization?\nI discovered my passion shortly after my freshman year. That summer, at my parents' suggestion, I attended a weeklong seminar sponsored by a local university. Although I was nervous about being the only high school student, I stretched myself and learned a lot. Through the seminar, I mastered the basics of reporting and feature writing. The following summer, I took a creative writing workshop and completed several short stories. In my school's creative writing class this year, I am sharing my stories with others and receiving helpful critiques to improve my craft.\n\n0. by putting the ideas in chronological order\n1. by clearly stating the main idea\n2. by reordering sentences to keep related ideas together" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her organization by clearly stating the main idea.\nFor example, the writer could begin with a topic sentence that matches the contents of the paragraph.\nI discovered my passion shortly after my freshman year. That summer, at my parents' suggestion, I attended a weeklong seminar sponsored by a local university. Although I was nervous about being the only high school student, I stretched myself and learned a lot. Through the seminar, I mastered the basics of reporting and feature writing. The following summer, I took a creative writing workshop and completed several short stories. In my school's creative writing class this year, I am sharing my stories with others and receiving helpful critiques to improve my craft.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Kiera decides to plant the crocuses. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. She will save some space. The crocuses will use up less space than the fir tree would have used up.\n1. Kiera will give up the chance to look at the fir tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the crocuses." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kiera wants or needs:\nKiera will give up the chance to look at the fir tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the crocuses.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJacob is good at cooking.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to cook. Instead, many people learn how to cook. So, cooking is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Paula decides to go on the scorpion. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Paula will have more fun on the scorpion than she would have had on the flying bobsled.\n1. Paula will spend more ride tickets on the scorpion than she would have spent on the flying bobsled." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Paula wants or needs:\nPaula will spend more ride tickets on the scorpion than she would have spent on the flying bobsled.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The paper clip is pulling on the fridge magnet.\n1. The paper clip is pushing on the fridge magnet." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The fridge magnet is pulling on the paper clip. So, Newton's third law tells you that the paper clip is pulling on the fridge magnet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a mustard bottle?\n\n0. 9 gallons\n1. 9 cups\n2. 9 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a mustard bottle is 9 fluid ounces.\n9 cups and 9 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nHow nice to finally be on vacation again!\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement that shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Landslides are caused by many factors, including earthquakes, storms, and volcanic eruptions, and they can occur in any U.S. state.\n1. Tornadoes are scarier than other natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, and volcanic eruptions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact. It can be verified by researching why and where landslides occur.\nLandslides are caused by many factors, including earthquakes, storms, and volcanic eruptions, and they can occur in any U.S. state.\nThe second sentence states an opinion. Scarier indicates a personal judgment.\nTornadoes are scarier than other natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, and volcanic eruptions.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.\n\n0. Galapagos giant tortoises hatch from eggs with shells and live on the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. They can live to be over 150 years old! Galapagos giant tortoises have scaly, waterproof skin.\n1. Common loons hatch from eggs with brown, spotted shells. They dive underwater and use their beaks to hunt food. They have feathers and two wings." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBirds have the following traits:\nThey have feathers.\nThey have wings.\nThey have a beak.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Galapagos giant tortoise has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Galapagos giant tortoise does not have all of the traits of a bird. A Galapagos giant tortoise is a reptile.\nA common loon has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA common loon has the traits of a bird. A common loon is a bird.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\n\nQuestion:\nLook at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?\nhe\n\n0. closed\n1. open" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The word he ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nFrom across the room, Uncle Devin's laughter was booming thunder.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "From across the room, Uncle Devin's laughter was booming thunder.\nThe words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nPeople in the station wait for the train.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, wait. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. hope\n1. rope\n2. nose" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words rope and hope rhyme. They both end with the ope sound.\nThe word nose does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nAt night, when the machines were () the factory seemed to be an entirely different place.\n\n0. off\n1. asleep" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word asleep. It describes the machines as if they were people who were sleeping.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a rowboat?\n\n0. 4 miles\n1. 4 feet\n2. 4 yards\n3. 4 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a rowboat is 4 yards.\n4 inches and 4 feet are too short. 4 miles is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a parking space?\n\n0. 6 meters\n1. 6 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a parking space is 6 meters.\n6 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nrust forming on a bike frame\na penny tarnishing\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a bike frame is a chemical change. The metal on the bike changes into rust. Metal and rust are different types of matter.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Ivan decides to join the Photography Club. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Ivan will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. He would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club.\n1. Ivan will save some time. He would have spent more time in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Ivan wants or needs:\nIvan will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. He would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Gale's genotype for the body feather color gene?\n\n0. bb\n1. blue body feathers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Gale has two alleles for blue body feathers (b). So, Gale's genotype for the body feather color gene is bb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nValeria's phone slipped out of her pocket, landing in the toilet with a plop.\n\n0. onomatopoeia\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nPlop represents the sound of the phone landing in the toilet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSince Greenville College receives more applications for admission than Springtown University, Greenville College is evidently a better school.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n2. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Greenville College is better than Springtown University because Greenville College receives more applications. However, the popularity of a school does not necessarily indicate its quality. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Carla investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with coffee spray than from unsprayed bean plants?\n1. Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with garlic spray than from unsprayed bean plants?\n2. Do the deer eat more leaves from tomato plants or from squash plants?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nMr. Boyer gave a lecture on water conservation, during which he stressed the importance of not watering lawns during a drought.\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncheese - cover\n\n0. clever\n1. cat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clever is between the guide words cheese - cover, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nYouth would be an ideal state if it came a little later in life.\n\u2014Herbert Asquith\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nYouth would be an ideal state if it came a little later in life at first appears to be contradictory, as it is impossible to be young late in life. However, it contains some truth: it is easier to appreciate the pleasant qualities of youth, such as liveliness and curiosity, when one has the life experience that comes with age.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which these ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the estuary ecosystem.\n\n0. This ecosystem has:\na mix of fresh and salty water\nmuddy soil that is rich in nutrients\nmany different types of organisms\n1. This ecosystem has:\ndaily flooding and draining of seawater\nwater that is rich in nutrients\nmany different types of organisms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An estuary is a type of ecosystem. It has a mix of fresh and salty water, muddy soil that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms.\nChoice 1 is an estuary ecosystem. It is a place where freshwater and salt water meet. Estuaries have muddy soil that is rich in nutrients.\nChoice 2 is a tide pool ecosystem. Several times each day, it floods with seawater. Then the water drains back into the ocean.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nWe will whisper in the library.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, whisper. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nLooking at his life, we couldn't help but see Grayson as a Job-like figure.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. Roman history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Job is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job remains faithful and loyal to God, even after the unjust loss of his possessions, family, and health.\nThe allusion Job means someone who patiently endures adversity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a long-distance running race?\n\n0. 42 kilometers\n1. 42 millimeters\n2. 42 meters\n3. 42 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 42 kilometers.\n42 millimeters, 42 centimeters, and 42 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nQuinn is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. simple\n1. complex\n2. compound\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nQuinn is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmaking paper from wood\nroasting a marshmallow over a campfire\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMaking paper from wood is a chemical change. Paper is made by mixing tiny pieces of wood with special chemicals. The wood reacts with the chemicals to form pulp. Wood and pulp are different types of matter.\nRoasting a marshmallow is a chemical change. The type of matter on the outside of the marshmallow changes. As a marshmallow is roasted, it turns brown and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nRoasting is caused by heating. But making paper from wood is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMom will pitch the ball to Bernie.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pitch. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mixture.\n\n0. beads\n1. oxygen" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the desert ecosystem.\n\n0. This ecosystem has:\na small amount of rain\ndry, thin soil\nmany different types of organisms\n1. This ecosystem has:\nland that is covered with water during most of the year\nsoil that is rich in nutrients\nother water ecosystems nearby" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A desert is a type of ecosystem. It has a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms.\nChoice 1 is a desert ecosystem. It is dry and is home to many different types of organisms.\nChoice 2 is a wetland ecosystem. It is covered with water for most of the year. Wetlands also have soil that is rich in nutrients.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich piece of rope has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter piece of rope\n1. the colder piece of rope" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two pieces of rope are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter piece of rope has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a teakettle?\n\n0. 8 fluid ounces\n1. 8 gallons\n2. 8 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a teakettle is 8 cups.\n8 fluid ounces is too little and 8 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJeremiah and Kari have trouble working on projects together. Although Kari is very sociable and friendly, she's not exactly a team player.\n\n0. paradox\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nNot exactly a team player is an indirect way of saying that someone doesn't work well with others.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nDarnel can drive a car.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Heather investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n1. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n2. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npageant - prevail\n\n0. purchase\n1. police" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince police is between the guide words pageant - prevail, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhat was the Great Depression?\n\n0. a weather pattern that caused the worst hurricane season of the 20th century\n1. the most severe period of economic hardship in the 20th century\n2. the feelings of sadness felt by many Americans in the 1970s\n3. the discovery in 1934 of a huge cave in Arizona" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Great Depression was the most severe period of economic decline and hardship in the 20 th century.\nHow bad was the Great Depression?\nThe Great Depression was a period of economic hardship for much of the world, including the United States. Several things made it especially bad:\nMany banks and businesses were forced to close.\nAt times, about 1 in 4 workers in the United States were unemployed, or without a job.\nMany people lost their homes or farms when they could not pay their bills.\nTo make matters worse, the Great Depression lasted for over 10 years!\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Iago's phenotype for the body feather color trait?\n\n0. blue body feathers\n1. green body feathers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Iago's genotype for the body feather color gene is bb. Iago's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for blue body feathers. So, Iago's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be blue body feathers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Iago's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for blue body feathers (b) is recessive to the allele for green body feathers (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nIago's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Iago's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be blue body feathers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmilk going sour\nbaking a loaf of bread\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMilk going sour is a chemical change. The type of matter in the milk slowly changes. The new matter that is formed gives the milk its sour taste.\nBaking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. Bread is made from dough. Baking turns the dough into bread. The bread is a different type of matter than the dough.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But milk going sour is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your student,\nTrent\n1. your student,\nTrent" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe brush grabbed at his legs in the dark until one knee of his jeans ripped.\n\u2014John Steinbeck, \"Flight\"\n\n0. personification\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe brush grabbed describes the brush as if it were human, with actual hands.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nColleen asked her mother if she could adopt a cat, and her mother replied, \"It's a definite maybe,\" so Colleen didn't want to get her hopes up.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDefinite maybe is a contradiction, because definite describes something that is sure, and maybe refers to something that is unsure.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on the slice of pizza are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the slice of pizza?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the slice of pizza.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the slice of pizza." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on the slice of pizza, look at the forces:\nQuinn is pulling the slice of pizza left with a force of 50 N.\nBrad is pulling the slice of pizza right with a force of 45 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 50 N and 45 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the slice of pizza.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\n\"Thank you for your work over the years,\" Mrs. Bryant said to her gardener. \"As of next week, however, your services will no longer be required.\"\n\n0. The gardener is no longer obligated to work for Mrs. Bryant.\n1. The gardener is being fired." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism your services will no longer be required means that the gardener is being fired.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt is 65\u00b0F in Jackie's backyard.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt is 65\u00b0F in Jackie's backyard.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature in Jackie's backyard right now. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word purse on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npatriot - pleasant\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince purse is not between the guide words patriot - pleasant, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As a geneticist, Julie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\n1. As a geneticist, Julie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Julie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Julie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sofa?\n\n0. 5 feet\n1. 5 yards\n2. 5 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 5 feet.\n5 inches is too short and 5 yards is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a ship that moved 190kilometers east in 5hours\n1. a ship that moved 315kilometers west in 5hours\n2. a ship that moved 325kilometers south in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 5 hours. The ship that moved 190 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAnn is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. complex\n2. compound\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nAnn is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nice melting in a cup\ndew appearing on grass in the morning\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nIce melting in a cup is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water.\nThe links between atoms in the water molecules do not change. So, a different type of matter is not formed.\nDew appearing on grass in the morning is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air touches the cool grass and becomes liquid.\nThe water vapor changes state to become dew, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nIce melting is caused by heating. But dew appearing on grass is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nDew appears when water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the grass. This is caused by cooling. But ice melting is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"My Brother the Pig\"\n1. ***My Brother the Pig***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **My Brother the Pig**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more positive connotation?\n\n0. an excuse\n1. a reason" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A reason has a more positive connotation. An excuse is usually not a very good reason.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe wind () dispersed the leaves that Evan had spent so long raking.\n\n0. lightly\n1. carelessly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word carelessly. It describes the wind as if it were a person who didn't care.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. The groundbreaking movie Toy Story was the first full-length, computer-animated feature film.\n1. The totally awesome movie Toy Story was the first full-length, computer-animated feature film." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses slang (totally awesome).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the slang, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Oak Grove. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Oak Grove?\n\n0. The supply probably went up.\n1. The supply probably went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The population of Oak Grove fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Oak Grove has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a surplus or shortage of peanut butter?\n\n0. surplus\n1. shortage" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the current price, there are too many jars of peanut butter for sale. There are 100 jars for sale, but only 74 people want to buy a jar.\nSo, there is a surplus of peanut butter. The grocery store will not get any money for the leftover jars.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a 250-gram glass of water at a temperature of 29\u00b0C\n1. a 250-gram glass of water at a temperature of 14\u00b0C\n2. a 250-gram glass of water at a temperature of 16\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three glasses of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 14\u00b0C glass of water is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nWhen matter is a gas, it spreads out to fill a space.\nMany gases are invisible. So, you can\u2019t see them. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. piece of paper\n1. rain\n2. air inside a bubble" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Rain is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put rainwater into a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas spreads out to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will spread out to fill a much larger space.\nA piece of paper is a solid. You can fold a piece of paper. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the hyperbole in this text suggest?\nThe last time Caleb cleaned his room, dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth.\n\n0. Caleb hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time.\n1. Caleb refuses to clean his room." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth suggests that Caleb hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time. He did not actually clean his room millions of years ago when dinosaurs existed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word even on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nengineer - except\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince even is between the guide words engineer - except, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jackie inherited this trait?\n\n0. Jackie and her mother both wear their hair in braids.\n1. Jackie's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Jackie." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hammer?\n\n0. 21 kilometers\n1. 21 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a hammer is 21 centimeters.\n21 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nWhen I learned the details of Rachel's Faustian bargain, I was in disbelief.\n\n0. history\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Faustian bargain is literature.\nIn a play by Christopher Marlowe based on the legend of Faust, a man strikes a deal with the devil. Disregarding the long-term consequences of his actions, he sells his soul in exchange for power.\nThe allusion Faustian bargain means a compromise of one's values for personal gain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Rodrigo acquired this trait?\n\n0. Rodrigo and his mother both ride bicycles.\n1. Rodrigo's friend showed him how to ride a bicycle.\n2. Rodrigo rides his bicycle to school." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nRudy once fell asleep with the window open and woke up with a horrible migraine. Since then, he's always made sure to close his window before going to sleep.\n\n0. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n2. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that an open window caused Rudy's migraine. However, that's not necessarily true. For instance, the migraine might have occurred for no particular reason while the window happened to be open. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. Patton believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students.\n1. As a teacher of American history, Mr. Patton tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.\nAs a teacher of American history, Mr. Patton tries to remain disinterested when discussing controversial issues, giving equal attention and consideration to each major viewpoint.\nThe second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.\nAs an experienced teacher of American history, Mr. Patton believes that playing history-based trivia games will revive even the most disinterested of students.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a newspaper?\n\n0. east Bay express\n1. East Bay Express" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is East Bay Express.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Colin decides to join the Photography Club. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Colin will have more fun in the Photography Club than he would have had in the Theater Club.\n1. Colin will spend more time in the Photography Club than he would have spent in the Theater Club." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Colin wants or needs:\nColin will spend more time in the Photography Club than he would have spent in the Theater Club.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nVictoria submitted her suggestions to Richard; now the ball is in his court.\n\n0. Richard needs to act next.\n1. Richard has some difficult work to do." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Richard needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhat was World War I originally called?\n\n0. the Great War\n1. European War I\n2. the European Revolution\n3. the First War" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At first, World War I was called the Great War. People didn't call it World War I until World War II started. They didn't know there would be more than one world war. So, they didn't think they needed to number it.\nWorld War I is usually considered the first modern, worldwide war. Today, it is usually called World War I or the First World War. It can also be abbreviated as \"WWI.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Dwayne decides to go on the spinning teacups. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Dwayne will have more fun on the spinning teacups than he would have had on the scrambler.\n1. Dwayne will spend more ride tickets on the spinning teacups than he would have spent on the scrambler." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Dwayne wants or needs:\nDwayne will spend more ride tickets on the spinning teacups than he would have spent on the scrambler.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 150-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 5\u00b0C\n1. a 150-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 10\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 5\u00b0C glass of apple juice is colder than the 10\u00b0C glass of apple juice, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. sock\n1. truck\n2. rock" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words sock and rock rhyme. They both end with the ock sound.\nThe word truck does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. time\n1. rain\n2. snow\n3. sun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Snow, sun, and rain go together. They are weather words. Time is not a weather word, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Brooke investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a rubber ball travel farther when launched from a metal catapult or from a wooden catapult?\n1. Does a heavier ball travel farther than a lighter ball when launched from a catapult?\n2. Does a catapult with a longer arm launch a rubber ball farther than a catapult with a shorter arm?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nMaureen felt intimidated by the steep cliff that she faced on her first rock-climbing adventure.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nRita's shoes are superior, because they're made from one hundred percent snakeskin, not synthetic materials.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Rita's shoes are the best, because they're made with snakeskin rather than synthetic materials. However, even though the shoes are made from snakes, that doesn't necessarily mean that they are better. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nEdna never lies. She told me herself, so it must be true.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Edna is telling the truth because she says she never lies. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. There are some things that Ms. Dotson wants to bring up at the next city council meeting.\n1. Ms. Dotson has several important proposals to discuss at the next city council meeting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. The farmers pick the corn and beans.\n1. The fog made it hard to see, Dad drove slowly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The fog made it hard to see, Dad drove slowly is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: The fog made it hard to see and Dad drove slowly.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndare - disturb\n\n0. devour\n1. dread" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince devour is between the guide words dare - disturb, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nVictoria learns about her ancestors in the book.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, learns. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Whenever the Davidsons visit Florida, they see their relatives.\n1. The Davidsons see their relatives whenever they visit Florida." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to the Davidsons or their relatives.\nThe Davidsons see their relatives whenever they visit Florida.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhenever the Davidsons visit Florida, they see their relatives.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nDylan will make cookies with his friends.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to drink a small glass of water?\n\n0. 55 hours\n1. 55 seconds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to drink a small glass of water is 55 seconds.\n55 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Lexi inherited this trait?\n\n0. Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Lexi and her brothers have naturally straight hair.\n1. Both of Lexi's biological parents have naturally black hair.\n2. When she was younger, Lexi wore ribbons in her naturally black hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three geese. Which goose was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a goose that moved 905kilometers south in 10hours\n1. a goose that moved 925kilometers west in 10hours\n2. a goose that moved 920kilometers west in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each goose moved for 10 hours. The goose that moved 925 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. dream\n1. cream\n2. such" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words cream and dream rhyme. They both end with the eam sound.\nThe word such does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nGive Ronald a tour of the building and then take him to Mr. Cain's office.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. interrogative\n2. imperative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells someone to do something, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word linen on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nleather - lying\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince linen is between the guide words leather - lying, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a cup of hot cocoa?\n\n0. 70\u00b0F\n1. 70\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a cup of hot cocoa is 70\u00b0C.\n70\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a pen?\n\n0. 19 centimeters\n1. 19 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a pen is 19 centimeters.\n19 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Fairview. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Fairview?\n\n0. The supply probably went up.\n1. The supply probably went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Molly inherited this trait?\n\n0. Molly's hair is the same color as her brown eyes.\n1. Molly's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Molly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nRuth is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. complex\n1. compound-complex\n2. compound\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nRuth is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nPamela warned her youngest son not to cry wolf while wrestling with his older brother.\n\n0. U.S. history\n1. a fable" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion cry wolf is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Boy Who Cried Wolf,\" a shepherd boy repeatedly tricks people in his village by falsely claiming that a wolf is coming to eat his flock. When a wolf actually comes and the boy cries for help, nobody believes him or comes to his aid.\nThe allusion cry wolf means to raise a false alarm.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The tailor measures the length of the pant leg.\n1. I need to shovel this snow, or someone might slip and fall." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nI need to shovel this snow, or someone might slip and fall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nSodium iodide is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether sodium iodide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for sodium iodide, NaI, contains two atomic symbols: Na for sodium and I for iodine. So, the formula tells you that sodium iodide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince sodium iodide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, sodium iodide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't ever get a ride from Mia. Her brother has been driving for only six months, and he's already gotten three speeding tickets.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Mia must be a reckless driver, because her brother is a reckless driver. However, even though Mia's brother is reckless, that doesn't necessarily mean that Mia is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI must have eaten too much of Sean's homemade chili, because now I'm so full I could explode!\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nSo full I could explode is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of exploding.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would smell more?\n\n0. metal license plate\n1. gasoline" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smelly is a property. A smelly material has a strong smell.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine smelling the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the gasoline would smell more. Gasoline has a strong smell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take for an ice cube to melt on a hot sidewalk?\n\n0. 4 hours\n1. 4 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes for an ice cube to melt on a hot sidewalk is 4 minutes.\n4 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the bird.\n\n0. box turtle\n1. emu\n2. piranha\n3. sea otter" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An emu is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nEmus cannot fly, but they can run very fast. They run to avoid predators.\nA box turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nBox turtles can live to be over 100 years old!\nA sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water.\nA piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPiranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Deb decides to eat the sunflower seeds. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Deb will get to eat the sunflower seeds. The sunflower seeds will be healthier than the apple crisp would have been.\n1. Deb will give up the chance to eat the apple crisp. Deb thinks apple crisp would have tasted better than sunflower seeds will." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Deb wants or needs:\nDeb will give up the chance to eat the apple crisp. Deb thinks apple crisp would have tasted better than sunflower seeds will.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. See you soon,\nDale\n1. see you soon,\nDale" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mixture.\n\n0. caramel corn\n1. silver" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nwater evaporating from a puddle\ndust settling out of the air\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nDust settling out of the air is a physical change. As the dust settles, or falls, it might land on furniture or the ground. This separates dust particles from the air, but does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But dust settling out of the air is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Rover's phenotype for the fur length trait?\n\n0. ff\n1. long fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Rover's observable version of the fur length trait is long fur. So, Rover's phenotype for the fur length trait is long fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear aunt Lucy,\n1. Dear Aunt Lucy," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Lucy is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMost of the people who knew Dale considered him to be an unrepentant Casanova.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Casanova is history.\nThe autobiography of Giovanni Giacomo Casanova, an eighteenth-century Italian adventurer, details and perhaps exaggerates his amorous adventures and success with women.\nThe allusion Casanova means a womanizer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. We went to Texas we saw an old fort.\n1. A bag of beans." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "We went to Texas we saw an old fort is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: We went to Texas and We saw an old fort.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAccording to Mr. Long's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.\n\n0. The snoring occurs in bursts.\n1. The snoring is loud." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Long's snoring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nDespite centuries of decay, the ancient structure still stands tall and ().\n\n0. proud\n1. straight" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word proud. It describes the ancient structure as if it were a person with a sense of pride.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nwater evaporating from a lake\nstretching a rubber band\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nStretching a rubber band is a physical change. The rubber band gets longer. But it is still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But stretching a rubber band is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nI can't believe this is Janet's first time seeing the Pacific Ocean!\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nAkiko teaches Norma about customs in Japan.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, teaches. The verb ends in -es and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Ashland has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Ashland's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go up.\n1. The supply will probably go down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Ashland. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Sebastian inherited this trait?\n\n0. Sebastian's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Sebastian.\n1. Sebastian and his father both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Lauren decides to go as a superhero. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Lauren will save some time and money. She won't have to go out and get a new costume.\n1. Lauren will give up the chance to wear the costume she is more excited about." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Lauren wants or needs:\nLauren will give up the chance to wear the costume she is more excited about.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. Vacuoles store nutrients, water, and waste in plant cells.\n1. The cell membrane of an animal cell contains the master plan for cell activities and cell development.\n2. The chromosomes of a plant cell use sunlight to make sugar." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Jill investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a catapult with a longer arm launch a rubber ball farther than a catapult with a shorter arm?\n1. Does a rubber ball travel farther when launched from a metal catapult or from a wooden catapult?\n2. Does a heavier ball travel farther than a lighter ball when launched from a catapult?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Clarence investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do cloth towels dry faster if they are hung in the laundry room or in the backyard?\n1. When hung in the laundry room, do black cloth towels or white cloth towels dry more quickly?\n2. Does a small cloth towel or a large cloth towel dry faster when hung in the backyard?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a fish bowl?\n\n0. 3 liters\n1. 3 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a fish bowl is 3 liters.\n3 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nPhosphorus tribromide is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether phosphorus tribromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for phosphorus tribromide, PBr3, contains two atomic symbols: P for phosphorus and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that phosphorus tribromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince phosphorus tribromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, phosphorus tribromide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fruit fly's genotype for the wing type gene?\n\n0. vestigial wings\n1. nn" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The fruit fly has two alleles for vestigial wings (n). So, the fly's genotype for the wing type gene is nn.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMr. Wells argues that we need to do more to prevent workplace injuries and fatalities. I doubt that someone so socially awkward would know a thing about office safety.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Wells's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich bowl of oatmeal has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the bowl of oatmeal with less thermal energy\n1. the bowl of oatmeal with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bowls of oatmeal are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the bowl of oatmeal with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Gwen acquired this trait?\n\n0. Gwen's sister has a bruise from falling on her elbow.\n1. Gwen's scar is on her right elbow. Her father also has a scar on his right elbow.\n2. Gwen's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her arm when she fell off her bicycle." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Red Sea?\n\n0. 2,240 meters\n1. 2,240 kilometers\n2. 2,240 centimeters\n3. 2,240 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of the Red Sea is 2,240 kilometers.\n2,240 millimeters, 2,240 centimeters, and 2,240 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Mandy investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?\n1. Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?\n2. Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the water balloon's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth () as the water balloon fell toward Alec.\n\n0. stayed the same\n1. decreased\n2. increased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.\nAlec was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Alec, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Alec.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an adult great white shark?\n\n0. 5 kilometers\n1. 5 meters\n2. 5 millimeters\n3. 5 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 5 meters.\n5 millimeters and 5 centimeters are too short. 5 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Candice made escargots using the small snails from her garden. She prepared them according to the recipe but found the chewy texture terribly disappointing.\n1. Candice decided to make escargots using the small snails from her garden, but she prepared them terribly. Since she'd forgotten to add garlic, the taste was disappointing." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nCandice decided to make escargots using the small snails from her garden, but she prepared them terribly. Since she'd forgotten to add garlic, the taste was disappointing.\nThe first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nCandice made escargots using the small snails from her garden. She prepared them according to the recipe but found the chewy texture terribly disappointing.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb.\n\nQuestion:\nIn which place would you usually find more farms?\n\n0. a suburban area\n1. a rural area" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Farms are almost always in rural areas. They take up a lot of space. Rural areas have a lot of open space. There aren't many buildings or people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a tennis racket?\n\n0. 55 millimeters\n1. 55 kilometers\n2. 55 meters\n3. 55 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 55 centimeters.\n55 millimeters is too short. 55 meters and 55 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. brother\n1. daughter\n2. son\n3. teacher" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Daughter, brother, and son go together. They are people in a family. Teacher is not a person in a family, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMrs. Robertson is an owl, working at night and sleeping during the day.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mrs. Robertson is an owl, working at night and sleeping during the day.\nThe words Mrs. Robertson and owl are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three cars. Which car was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a car that moved 250miles east in 5hours\n1. a car that moved 65miles south in 5hours\n2. a car that moved 300miles north in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each car moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each car moved for 5 hours. The car that moved 65 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word blessing on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbillow - brown\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blessing is between the guide words billow - brown, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nThe swordsman achieved a pyrrhic victory, defeating his opponent while incurring mortal wounds of his own.\n\n0. The victory came at a great cost.\n1. The victory was quick and efficient." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion pyrrhic victory means that the victory came at a great cost. A pyrrhic victory is a victory that is so costly that it could actually be considered a failure.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses anaphora.\n\n0. You and I shall laugh together with the storm,\nAnd together we shall dig graves for all that die in us,\nAnd we shall stand in the sun with a will,\nAnd we shall be dangerous.\n1. All Nashville is a chill. And everywhere\nLike desert sand, when the winds blow,\nThere is each moment sifted through the air,\nA powdered blast of January snow." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses anaphora. It repeats the same word or words at the beginning of multiple lines or phrases.\nAnd we shall be dangerous.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nWhile waiting for her search results, Katie exclaimed, \"My Internet connection is as speedy as a snail!\"\n\n0. The Internet connection was very slow.\n1. Katie was patiently waiting for an Internet connection." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs speedy as a snail suggests that the Internet connection was very slow. A snail is not speedy, and neither was Katie's Internet connection.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"Erica is such a Pollyanna!\" Jon announced with a sigh.\n\n0. British history\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Pollyanna is literature.\nThe character Pollyanna, from Eleanor Porter's children's book, is a young girl who finds good in everything and everyone.\nThe allusion Pollyanna means an overly optimistic person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nConsider yourself fortunate that you missed the test.\n\n0. imperative\n1. interrogative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence makes a demand, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two ships. Which ship was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a ship that moved 350kilometers in 5hours\n1. a ship that moved 245kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne ship moved 245 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other ship moved 350 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each ship spent the same amount of time moving. The ship that moved 245 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nJasmine lives in a windy place.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nJasmine lives in a windy place.\nThis passage tells you about the usual amount of wind where Jasmine lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her academic voice?\nMany people don't recycle because throwing things away is easier, even though doing so can be damaging to the environment. People are lazy and selfish, always wanting what is good for themselves, not necessarily what is good for society. As a result, many people do not take the steps that are required to recycle different materials. For example, some towns require residents to sort items before leaving them at the curbside; this causes some to skip recycling altogether, even though doing so is unethical.\n\n0. by avoiding first-person pronouns\n1. by including technical terms\n2. by maintaining an objective tone" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her academic voice by maintaining an objective tone.\nFor example, the writer could revise the underlined text.\nMany people don't recycle because throwing things away is easier, even though doing so can be damaging to the environment. People are lazy and selfish, always wanting what is good for themselves, not necessarily what is good for society. As a result, many people do not take the steps that are required to recycle different materials. For example, some towns require residents to sort items before leaving them at the curbside; this causes some to skip recycling altogether, even though doing so is unethical.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her ideas and development?\nWearing a bicycle helmet is the best way to protect yourself against fatal head injuries. Several studies have shown that riders who wore helmets had a reduction in their risk of head and brain injuries. More and better bike lanes in our cities would help protect cyclists from danger. Children especially benefit from wearing helmets, since they experience the majority of bicycling accidents that cause serious head injuries.\n\n0. by including more evidence to support the claim\n1. by removing a second main idea\n2. by clearly stating the main idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her ideas and development by removing a second main idea.\nFor example, the writer could remove the underlined text and focus only on the main idea: the importance of wearing bicycle helmets.\nWearing a bicycle helmet is the best way to protect yourself against fatal head injuries. Several studies have shown that riders who wore helmets had a reduction in their risk of head and brain injuries. More and better bike lanes in our cities would help protect cyclists from danger. Children especially benefit from wearing helmets, since they experience the majority of bicycling accidents that cause serious head injuries.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nCutting your fingernails is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cutting your fingernails is a physical change. Your fingernails are shorter after you cut them. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the uncut fingernails.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Marvin acquired this trait?\n\n0. Marvin's mother speaks one language.\n1. Marvin learned to speak two languages in school." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nSidney told her friends that Desmond was a typical Peter Pan type.\n\n0. literature\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Desmond lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Desmond lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Desmond lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word mint on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmarriage - modest\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mint is between the guide words marriage - modest, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The door is pulling on Miranda's hand.\n1. The door is pushing on Miranda's hand." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Miranda's hand is pushing on the door. So, Newton's third law tells you that the door is pushing on Miranda's hand.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Greta acquired this trait?\n\n0. Greta's scar is on her right elbow. Her father also has a scar on his right elbow.\n1. Greta's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her arm when she fell off her bicycle.\n2. Greta's sister has a bruise from falling on her elbow." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. In ancient times, mustard was used as a medicine for toothaches and insect stings.\n1. If we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nIn ancient times, mustard was used as a medicine for toothaches and insect stings.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word roam on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nreality - rudder\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince roam is between the guide words reality - rudder, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nFrom the look on her face, Rhianna is carrying an albatross around her neck.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. a poem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion an albatross around her neck is a poem.\nIn Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" a sailor shoots and kills an albatross, an action that curses the ship and crew. As his crew members die, the Ancient Mariner feels his guilt hanging like the albatross around his neck.\nThe allusion an albatross around her neck means a burden a person must bear.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. ladybug\n1. peacock mantis shrimp\n2. fire salamander\n3. metallic tarantula" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA fire salamander is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a fire salamander is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other tarantulas, a metallic tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA peacock mantis shrimp is a crustacean. Like other crustaceans, a peacock mantis shrimp is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses onomatopoeia.\n\n0. To the valley and the river small,\nThe cattle, the grass, the bare ash trees,\nThe chickens from the farmsteads, all\nElm-hidden, and the tributaries\n1. Chariots rumbling; horses neighing;\nSoldiers shouting martial cries;\nDrums are sounding; trumpets braying;\nSeas of glittering spears arise." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses onomatopoeia. It uses language that sounds like what it talks about.\nSeas of glittering spears arise.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Morocco is a country on the northwest coast of Africa.\n1. Morocco is the most exciting country to visit." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nMorocco is a country on the northwest coast of Africa.\nIt can be proved by checking a map of Africa.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nMorocco is the most exciting country to visit.\nMost exciting shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is exciting.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"The reporter on the news said we may have to evaporate the island if the storm gets any worse,\" my younger sister explained, unaware of her malapropism.\n\n0. U.S. history\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion malapropism is literature.\nMrs. Malaprop, a character in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's 1775 play The Rivals, conflates or confuses words that sound alike but have totally different meanings.\nThe allusion malapropism means an amusingly incorrect use of a word.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nI will float on my back in the pool.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, float. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nIn the darkness, Brittany strained her eyes.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, strained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Hydrangea bushes can grow colorful flowers.\n1. Sea otters eat animals that live in the ocean." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A sea otter is an animal. It eats animals that live in the ocean.\nSea otters have very thick fur. Their fur keeps them warm in cold water.\nA hydrangea bush is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers.\nHydrangea bushes can have blue, white, purple, or pink flowers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nKendra rubbed coconut oil on her hands, which were like the parched earth during a drought.\n\n0. Kendra's hands were hot.\n1. Kendra's hands were dry and cracked." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Kendra's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nplus - prospect\n\n0. pest\n1. pot" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pot is between the guide words plus - prospect, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nseize - spank\n\n0. say\n1. smooth" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince smooth is between the guide words seize - spank, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. The return of jafar\n1. The Return of Jafar" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is The Return of Jafar.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nYou've reached Ed Lambert's voice mail. Please leave a detailed message at the beep, and I will return your call at my earliest convenience.\n\n0. onomatopoeia\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the hardest?\n\n0. rock\n1. clay ball\n2. nylon swim shorts" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rock is the hardest. If you squeeze a rock, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Hares are often mistaken for rabbits, even though their legs, feet, and ears are usually bigger.\n1. Hares are often mistaken for rabbits, even though hares' legs, feet, and ears are usually bigger." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun their could refer to hares' or rabbits'.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Their has been replaced with hares'.\nHares are often mistaken for rabbits, even though hares' legs, feet, and ears are usually bigger.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mixture.\n\n0. salad\n1. sugar" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Aiden,\n1. dear Aiden," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aiden is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more negative connotation?\n\n0. whine about something\n1. talk about something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Whine about something has a more negative connotation. If you whine about something, you talk about it in a complaining way.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nChristina told her friends that Devin was a typical Peter Pan type.\n\n0. literature\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is bumpier?\n\n0. cardboard\n1. asphalt road" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Bumpy is a property. A bumpy material is covered in lumps and bumps. It is not flat or smooth.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the asphalt road is bumpier. If you touch an asphalt road, it will feel lumpy and bumpy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Roger investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do rubber balloons or foil balloons stick to the wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n1. Do rubber balloons stick to a wooden door or a metal door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n2. Do rubber balloons stick to a cotton blanket or a wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nscurry - shelter\n\n0. spool\n1. see" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince see is between the guide words scurry - shelter, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 5-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 75\u00b0C\n1. a 5-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 70\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 75\u00b0C block is hotter than the 70\u00b0C block, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich holiday greeting is more formal?\n\n0. Happy 4th from the crew at Natalie's.\n1. Best wishes for an enjoyable Independence Day from the entire staff at Natalie's Cafe." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second holiday greeting is more formal. It uses more elevated language (Independence Day, the entire staff). The other holiday greeting uses casual language (happy 4 th, the crew) that is more familiar in tone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Zachary investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does white or whole wheat sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days?\n1. Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored in a paper bag or in a plastic bag?\n2. Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored inside or outside the refrigerator?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter Cara cooked and served a scrumptious dinner, Dad boasted that she is the Julia Child of our family.\n\n0. allusion\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nJulia Child alludes to the famous chef who is known for popularizing French cuisine in the United States.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBy the time Anita had finished explaining to Mr. Dodson what had happened, her friends were laughingly referring to her as Scheherazade.\n\n0. ancient legend\n1. Greek history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Scheherazade is ancient legend.\nThe Arabian Nights presents the ancient legend of how Scheherazade successfully postpones her imminent death by mesmerizing her captor with a thousand and one fascinating tales.\nThe allusion Scheherazade means a person who uses his or her arts to distract someone and avoid consequences.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a long-distance running race?\n\n0. 15 inches\n1. 15 miles\n2. 15 feet\n3. 15 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 15 miles.\n15 inches, 15 feet, and 15 yards are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ryan acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ryan likes to look at butterflies and beetles.\n1. Ryan learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nColin will make cookies with his friends.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na penny tarnishing\nan old sandwich rotting in a trashcan\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nA sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is softer?\n\n0. cotton towel\n1. wood ruler" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton towel is softer. If you squeeze cotton fabric, it will change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nDo you know Dalton from soccer camp, or do you have another connection with him?\n\n0. imperative\n1. interrogative\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a passenger airplane?\n\n0. 47 tons\n1. 47 ounces\n2. 47 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a passenger airplane is 47 tons.\n47 ounces and 47 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt is snowing in Sam's town today.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt is snowing in Sam's town today.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation today in Sam's town. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nTracy went down the slide face-first, like a penguin.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Tracy went down the slide face-first, like a penguin.\nThe words Tracy and penguin are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. We live on a peninsula, water is on three sides of it.\n1. The curious girl looked into the damp cellar." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The curious girl looked into the damp cellar is a complete sentence. The subject is the curious girl, and the verb is looked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to blow your nose?\n\n0. 5 minutes\n1. 5 seconds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to blow your nose is 5 seconds.\n5 minutes is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. water from a faucet\n1. stone statue\n2. book\n3. arrowhead" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An arrowhead is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. An arrowhead is made of rock.\nThe water from a faucet is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put water from a faucet into a container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nA book is a solid. When you read a book, you bend the spine and turn the pages. But the book still has a shape of its own.\nA stone statue is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. Stone statues are made of one or more pieces of rock. Each piece of rock has a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. light fur\n1. dark fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait. First, consider the alleles in Ringo's genotype for the fur color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for dark fur (F) is dominant over the allele for light fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nRingo's genotype of Ff has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be dark fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe passengers will give Warren their tickets.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, give. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a short story?\n\n0. \"Words for Living By\"\n1. Words for Living By" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A short story should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Words for Living By.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the action that doesn't belong.\n\n0. chew\n1. chuckle\n2. snicker\n3. giggle" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Chew doesn't belong.\nSnicker, giggle, and chuckle all name ways to laugh.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mammal.\n\n0. ostrich\n1. fire salamander\n2. elephant seal\n3. parrotfish" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A parrotfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nParrotfish have fins and live underwater near coral reefs. They get their name from their bird-like beak!\nAn elephant seal is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nSeals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach.\nA fire salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFire salamanders can release poison from their skin. This poison helps protect them from predators.\nAn ostrich is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nThe ostrich is the largest bird alive today. Ostriches cannot fly, but they can run very fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following statements is true?\n\n0. The president of the United States serves a term of four years.\n1. The president of the United States makes all laws." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMrs. Harmon, you point out that childhood obesity rates have skyrocketed, but are you aware that rainforests provide critical habitats for some of the world's rarest plants and animals?\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that obesity rates and rainforests are somehow interconnected. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nGrayson's recent behavior made his parents begin to see his friend Hanson as some sort of Svengali.\n\n0. a poem\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Svengali is literature.\nIn George du Maurier's novel Trilby, Svengali is a hypnotist who exerts such power over the central character that she is suddenly able to sing, which she was unable to do before.\nThe allusion Svengali means a person with an unduly strong influence over someone else.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\n\"Thank you for your work over the years,\" Mrs. Kramer said to her gardener. \"As of next week, however, your services will no longer be required.\"\n\n0. The gardener is retiring.\n1. The gardener is being fired." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism your services will no longer be required means that the gardener is being fired.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. luna moth\n1. carp\n2. toucan\n3. koala" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A carp is a fish. Like other fish, a carp is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA koala is a mammal. Like other mammals, a koala is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA luna moth is an insect. Like other insects, a luna moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA toucan is a bird. Like other birds, a toucan is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nSince 1923, the United States Flag Code has provided advisory rules for displaying and handling the U.S. flag.\n\n0. complex\n1. simple\n2. compound\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nSince 1923, the United States Flag Code has provided advisory rules for displaying and handling the U.S. flag.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two runners. Which runner was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a runner who moved 100kilometers in 10hours\n1. a runner who moved 140kilometers in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each runner moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne runner moved 140 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other runner moved 100 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each runner spent the same amount of time moving. The runner who moved 140 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that runner must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a surplus or a shortage of picture frames?\n\n0. surplus\n1. shortage" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the current price, there are too many picture frames for sale. There are 25 frames for sale, but only 18 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a surplus of picture frames. The art supply store will not get any money for the leftover picture frames.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nHydrogen peroxide is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether hydrogen peroxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2 O2. This formula contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that hydrogen peroxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen peroxide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentences.\nThe Fifth Amendment talks about the rights of people who are accused of crimes. For example, anyone accused of a crime has the right to remain silent. The amendment also says that no person can be put on trial for ().\n\n0. a crime he or she did not commit\n1. breaking a law he or she didn't know about\n2. the same crime more than once" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Fifth Amendment says that anyone accused of a crime has the right to remain silent. The amendment also says that no person can be put on trial for the same crime more than once. Putting a person on trial for the same crime twice is called double jeopardy. To be in jeopardy is to be in danger of losing something, such as life or freedom. In the United States, no one can ever be put in double jeopardy. Part of the text of the Fifth Amendment is below. It never uses the phrase \"double jeopardy.\" Where do you think the phrase comes from? Nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ducks. Which duck was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a duck that moved 175miles west in 5hours\n1. a duck that moved 220miles east in 5hours\n2. a duck that moved 260miles north in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each duck moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each duck moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each duck moved for 5 hours. The duck that moved 260 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that duck must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Martin investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which type of soil will cause a certain kind of tomato plant to grow the most fruit?\n1. Which of the three types of tomato seeds sprouts the fastest?\n2. Does a certain kind of tomato plant grow taller when planted in a clay pot or in a plastic pot?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this rose plant's phenotype for the thorns trait?\n\n0. rr\n1. not having thorns" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The rose plant's observable version of the thorns trait is not having thorns. So, the plant's phenotype for the thorns trait is not having thorns.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Dandelions can grow small yellow flowers.\n1. Walnut trees have many green leaves.\n2. Lavender bushes have many purple flowers.\n3. Orcas swim in the ocean." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An orca is an animal. It swims in the ocean.\nOrcas are also called killer whales. They hunt fish and other animals that live in the ocean.\nA walnut tree is a plant. It has many green leaves.\nPeople pick and eat walnuts from walnut trees. Walnuts are the tree's seeds!\nA dandelion is a plant. It can grow small yellow flowers.\nDandelion seeds can be blown long distances by the wind.\nA lavender bush is a plant. It has many purple flowers.\nLavender has a sweet smell. Some people use the oil from lavender bushes for perfume.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nBrenna is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. compound\n1. complex\n2. compound-complex\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nBrenna is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmixing chocolate syrup into milk\nstapling an envelope shut\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing chocolate syrup into milk is a physical change. The chocolate syrup and milk make a mixture. Making a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStapling an envelope shut is a physical change. The envelope and the staple get new shapes. Both are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSarah has a scar on her right ankle.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. scarecrow\n1. rain\n2. ice cube\n3. rabbit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A scarecrow is not a living thing.\nA scarecrow does not have all the traits of a living thing. It is shaped like a person, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nRain is not a living thing.\nRain is made of water. It helps living things survive. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. Rain does not grow or need food.\nA rabbit is a living thing.\nRabbits grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Rabbits are made up of many cells.\nAn ice cube is not a living thing.\nAn ice cube can change. It will melt in warm weather! But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does not need food.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, ammonium nitrate is a ().\n\n0. reactant\n1. product" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to ammonium nitrate in this chemical reaction.\nTo help relieve pain during a dental visit, a dentist may give a patient nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide is made in factories by carefully heating ammonium nitrate. At 170\u00b0C, ammonium nitrate breaks down and forms a mixture of nitrous oxide gas and water vapor. After the mixture is collected, the water vapor is separated from the nitrous oxide gas.\nThe underlined text tells you that when ammonium nitrate breaks down, nitrous oxide and water are formed. When ammonium nitrate reacts, or goes through a chemical change, its atoms are rearranged to form nitrous oxide and water. Because ammonium nitrate reacts in this chemical reaction, ammonium nitrate is a reactant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Moles eat insects and worms.\n1. Cedar trees have small leaves." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A cedar tree is a plant. It has small leaves.\nCedar trees grow in many parts of the world. Many cedar trees grow on mountains.\nA mole is an animal. It eats insects and worms.\nMoles live mostly underground.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMarie went down the slide face-first, like a penguin.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Marie went down the slide face-first, like a penguin.\nThe words Marie and penguin are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nPreston took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. complex\n1. compound\n2. compound-complex\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nPreston took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word sailor on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsour - stone\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince sailor is not between the guide words sour - stone, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the hyperbole in this text suggest?\nThe last time Dustin cleaned his room, dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth.\n\n0. Dustin refuses to clean his room.\n1. Dustin hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth suggests that Dustin hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time. He did not actually clean his room millions of years ago when dinosaurs existed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Best wishes,\nNoah\n1. best wishes,\nNoah" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Mia investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a closed jar or eight ounces of water in an open jar get warmer?\n1. Will eight ounces of carbonated water or eight ounces of tap water get warmer when placed in a jar in the sun?\n2. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a glass jar or eight ounces of water in a plastic cup get warmer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nillustrate - interrupt\n\n0. impulse\n1. itch" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince impulse is between the guide words illustrate - interrupt, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Jackie Robinson was the most noteworthy baseball player of the 1940s and 1950s.\n1. Jackie Robinson played baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1947 to 1956." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nJackie Robinson played baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1947 to 1956.\nIt can be proved by reading a history book about Jackie Robinson.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nJackie Robinson was the most noteworthy baseball player of the 1940 s and 1950 s.\nMost noteworthy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a baseball player noteworthy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nDaniel tried to ignore his unfinished essay, but it glared at him from across the room.\n\n0. It bothered Daniel that the essay wasn't finished.\n1. The essay was printed in large type." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Daniel that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Daniel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nalbum - avoid\n\n0. argue\n1. accurate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince argue is between the guide words album - avoid, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Celsius (\u00b0C). Celsius is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Celsius scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 30 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 30\u00b0C.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 40\u00b0C\n1. 50\u00b0C\n2. 15\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 15. So, the temperature is 15\u00b0C.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As a geneticist, Eliana dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\n1. As a geneticist, Eliana enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Eliana dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Eliana enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the arachnid traits listed above.\n\n0. Female wolf spiders carry their young on their backs! If you look closely at the picture, you can see small wolf spiders on their mother's back. The adult and baby wolf spiders each have an exoskeleton and eight legs. They do not have antennae.\n1. Trichina worms have soft, thin bodies. They have a cylindrical shape and do not have limbs. Trichina worms are not made up of segments. They can infect and feed off of humans, pigs, and other mammals." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nArachnids have the following traits:\nThey have eight legs.\nThey have an exoskeleton.\nThey have no antennae.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA trichina worm has the following traits:\nA trichina worm does not have all of the traits of an arachnid. A trichina worm is a roundworm.\nA wolf spider has the following traits:\nIt has eight legs.\nIt has an exoskeleton.\nIt has no antennae.\nA wolf spider has the traits of an arachnid. A wolf spider is an arachnid.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a washing machine?\n\n0. 36 cups\n1. 36 fluid ounces\n2. 36 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a washing machine is 36 gallons.\n36 fluid ounces and 36 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a car's gas tank?\n\n0. 15 cups\n1. 15 gallons\n2. 15 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 15 gallons.\n15 fluid ounces and 15 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. There are some things that Ms. Olson wants to bring up at the next city council meeting.\n1. Ms. Olson has several important proposals to discuss at the next city council meeting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Kurt decides to go as a ghost. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Kurt will get to wear the costume he is more excited about.\n1. Kurt will spend some time and money to get the costume." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kurt wants or needs:\nKurt will spend some time and money to get the costume.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nOur mission is to provide customers with the best snacks on the market. That's why we only use real ingredients that you can pronounce.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n2. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the company's snacks are the best because they use natural ingredients. However, snacks with natural ingredients aren't necessarily the best. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncivilian - crank\n\n0. choke\n1. common" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince common is between the guide words civilian - crank, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Sharon will change the batteries in the radio tomorrow.\n1. Mrs. Lloyd will bake brownies for dessert, or she will make peach cobbler." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nMrs. Lloyd will bake brownies for dessert, or she will make peach cobbler.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Many thanks,\nScott\n1. many thanks,\nScott" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to do ten jumping jacks?\n\n0. 18 seconds\n1. 18 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to do ten jumping jacks is 18 seconds.\n18 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plant and animal cells have many parts in common, but not all. This table shows some of their similarities and differences.\nCell part | Plant cell | Animal cell\ncell wall | yes | no\ncell membrane | yes | yes\ncytoplasm | yes | yes\nmitochondria | yes | yes\nvacuole | yes | yes\nchloroplasts | yes | no\nnucleus | yes | yes\nchromosomes | yes | yes\nThink about how plant and animal cells are different:\nPlant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. The cell wall helps plant cells keep a fixed shape. Most animal cells do not have a fixed shape.\nPlant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. Chloroplasts make sugar that plants cells can use as food. Animal cells cannot make their own food.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following parts does an animal cell have?\n\n0. nucleus\n1. cell wall\n2. chloroplasts" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndangle - differ\n\n0. describe\n1. double" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince describe is between the guide words dangle - differ, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbaking an apple pie\nplants making food from sunlight, air, and water\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes. The apples become soft, and the crust turns brown.\nPlants making food is a chemical change. Plants use energy from sunlight to change air and water into food. The food is sugar. Sugar is a different type of matter than air or water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But plants making food is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nThe Second Amendment says that () have the right to own weapons.\n\n0. the American people\n1. only policemen\n2. only men\n3. the state governments" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Second Amendment says that the American people have the right to own weapons. It does not say only certain people have that right. The amendment applies to all Americans. The complete text of the Second Amendment is below. According to the text, why is it important for Americans to have the right to own weapons? A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs building a deck a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether building a deck is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs building a deck something you can touch? No.\nIs building a deck a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, building a deck is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a pen?\n\n0. 18 meters\n1. 18 kilometers\n2. 18 millimeters\n3. 18 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a pen is 18 centimeters.\n18 millimeters is too short. 18 meters and 18 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich kind of place usually has less traffic?\n\n0. a rural area\n1. an urban area" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Rural areas have much less traffic. There aren't as many people or cars in rural areas.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait?\n\n0. bush growth\n1. climbing growth" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The rose plant's genotype for the growth pattern gene is GG. The rose plant's genotype of GG has only G allelles. The G allele is for climbing growth. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be climbing growth.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the rose plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for bush growth (g) is recessive to the allele for climbing growth (G). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nThe rose plant's genotype of GG has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be climbing growth.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nJim said he would put in a good word for Alexandra with their boss, but she knew he had a reputation as a Benedict Arnold.\n\n0. a poem\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Benedict Arnold is U.S. history.\nBenedict Arnold was an American officer who secretly aided the British during the American Revolution.\nThe allusion Benedict Arnold means a traitor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nChandler's room is as tidy as an overgrown garden.\n\n0. pun\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bathtub?\n\n0. 335 milliliters\n1. 335 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a bathtub is 335 liters.\n335 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncinder - couple\n\n0. crow\n1. clatter" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clatter is between the guide words cinder - couple, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. The moss mantis is green and brown, which helps it hide among mosses and leaves. This camouflage helps the mantis sneak up on its insect prey.\n1. Racomitrium lanuginosum moss is green because its cells contain chlorophyll. This moss uses chlorophyll to capture energy from sunlight." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that Racomitrium lanuginosum moss cells contain chlorophyll. This is evidence that Racomitrium lanuginosum moss is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the moss mantis is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jessica acquired this trait?\n\n0. Jessica was not born knowing how to identify different bird calls. She had to learn this skill.\n1. Jessica likes to photograph birds at the zoo." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. chair\n1. baseball\n2. water in a waterfall\n3. air from a hair dryer" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A baseball is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. If you hit a baseball with a bat, the baseball will still have a size and shape of its own.\nThe air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. A hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much large space.\nThe water in a waterfall is a liquid. A liquid can change shape. But it still takes up the same amount of space. As water flows down a waterfall, the water changes shape.\nA chair is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you sit on a chair, it keeps its shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hiking trail?\n\n0. 2 kilometers\n1. 2 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 2 kilometers.\n2 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Marcy couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\n1. The odor emanating from the landfill made Marcy so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nMarcy couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Marcy so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to bake lasagna in the oven?\n\n0. 44 hours\n1. 44 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to bake lasagna in the oven is 44 minutes.\n44 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter having lived near the airport for ten years, I've finally gotten accustomed to the dull roar of the planes taking off above my house.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDull roar is a contradiction, because dull describes something muffled or soft, and a roar is loud.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a fire truck?\n\n0. 16 pounds\n1. 16 ounces\n2. 16 tons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a fire truck is 16 tons.\n16 ounces and 16 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nParts of a cliff break off and fall.\n\n0. meteorite crash\n1. drought\n2. landslide" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Erik decides to plant the tulips. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. He will save some space. The tulips will use up less space than the birch tree would have used up.\n1. Erik will give up the chance to look at the birch tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the tulips." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Erik wants or needs:\nErik will give up the chance to look at the birch tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the tulips.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nWhen Quincy lost his job, he was devastated. The only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career.\n\n0. Having to pursue a new career was the worst part of Quincy's job loss.\n1. There was a benefit to Quincy's job loss." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Quincy's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Quincy's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Javier inherited this trait?\n\n0. Javier's friend also has hazel eyes.\n1. Javier's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes.\n2. Javier wears glasses and so do his sisters." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe mom and dad push the strollers at the same speed. Which stroller is pushed with a larger force?\n\n0. a stroller with kid that weighs 22 pounds\n1. a stroller with kid that weighs 29 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the stroller that is heavier.\nA stroller holding a kid that weighs 29 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 22 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 29 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Ms. Weber,\n1. Dear Ms. weber," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Weber is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Sidney investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which type of sunflower grows more leaves?\n1. Do sunflowers grow bigger in sunny planter boxes or in shady planter boxes?\n2. Do sunflowers grow taller if they are planted in planter boxes or in pots?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a banana a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a banana is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a banana something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a banana a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a banana is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that has a backbone.\n\n0. red-kneed tarantula\n1. green toad" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other tarantulas, a red-kneed tarantula does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA green toad is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a green toad has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Chen Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions.\n1. Chen Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nMartha's Boutique claims to have \"something for everyone,\" but it is generally understood that their target market is women of a certain age.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nOf a certain age is an indirect and generally more polite way of referring to older people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two bowhead whales. Which bowhead whale was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a bowhead whale that moved 45kilometers in 10hours\n1. a bowhead whale that moved 80kilometers in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bowhead whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bowhead whale moved 80 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bowhead whale moved 45 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bowhead whale spent the same amount of time moving. The bowhead whale that moved 80 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bowhead whale must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a passenger helicopter?\n\n0. 2 tons\n1. 2 ounces\n2. 2 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a passenger helicopter is 2 tons.\n2 ounces and 2 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Best Regards,\nAllie\n1. Best regards,\nAllie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. pyrite (FeS2)\n1. nickel (Ni)\n2. chloromethane (CH3Cl)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for pyrite contains two symbols: Fe for iron and S for sulfur. So, pyrite is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, pyrite is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for chloromethane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Cl for chlorine. So, chloromethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, chloromethane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for nickel contains one symbol: Ni. So, nickel is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, nickel is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDuring much of the twentieth century, artistic types were a dime a dozen in Greenwich Village.\n\n0. idiom\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nA dime a dozen means common.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nLogan starts to pull the wagon across the yard. To move the wagon at the same speed each time, which friend does Logan need to pull with a larger force?\n\n0. a friend who weighs 24 pounds\n1. a friend who weighs 25 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the friend who is heavier.\nA friend who weighs 25 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 24 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Logan needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 25 pounds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. Leafy sea dragons are consumers in their ecosystems, so they rely on other organisms as food. A leafy sea dragon's leaf-like fins help it hide among seaweed.\n1. Giant kelp are producers in their ecosystems and also provide shelter for many animals. Giant kelp use carbon dioxide and water to make food inside their cells." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that giant kelp are producers that use carbon dioxide and water to make food. This is evidence that the giant kelp is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the leafy sea dragon is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe donkeys move the carts at the same speed. Which cart is pulled with a larger force?\n\n0. a cart holding 50 pounds\n1. a cart holding 62 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the cart that is heavier.\nA cart holding 62 pounds is heavier than a cart holding 50 pounds. So, the cart holding 62 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other cart.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a meatball at a temperature of 51\u00b0C\n1. a meatball at a temperature of 44\u00b0C\n2. a meatball at a temperature of 53\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three meatballs have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 44\u00b0C meatball is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word dad on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndegree - doll\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dad is not between the guide words degree - doll, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to brush your teeth?\n\n0. 2 seconds\n1. 2 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to brush your teeth is 2 minutes.\n2 seconds is too fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbook - bulletin\n\n0. back\n1. brave" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince brave is between the guide words book - bulletin, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nKendra was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.\n\n0. Greek history\n1. Shakespeare" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history.\nSoldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury.\nThe allusion spartan means simple and austere.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJohnny has a scar on his right leg.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Duncan decides to join the Photography Club. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Duncan will save some time. He would have spent more time in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club.\n1. Duncan will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. He would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Duncan wants or needs:\nDuncan will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. He would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the description that doesn't belong.\n\n0. new\n1. rarely\n2. sometimes\n3. usually" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "New doesn't belong.\nSometimes, rarely, and usually all describe how often something happens.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Preston inherited this trait?\n\n0. Preston likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes.\n1. Preston's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Preston." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a bench?\n\n0. 11 inches\n1. 11 feet\n2. 11 yards\n3. 11 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a bench is 11 feet.\n11 inches is too short. 11 yards and 11 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nriddle - rye\n\n0. robber\n1. reduce" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince robber is between the guide words riddle - rye, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more negative connotation?\n\n0. whisper about something\n1. mutter about something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mutter about something has a more negative connotation. If you mutter about something, you whisper about it in an unhappy or angry way.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDr. Kelly is unhappy with her new assistant because simple tasks, like fetching coffee, take him years to finish.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nLooking at his life, we couldn't help but see Doug as a Job-like figure.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Job is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job remains faithful and loyal to God, even after the unjust loss of his possessions, family, and health.\nThe allusion Job means someone who patiently endures adversity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat can seeds look like?\n\n0. Seeds are always small.\n1. Seeds can be many shapes, colors, and sizes.\n2. Seeds are always black or white.\n3. Seeds are always round or oval-shaped." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Seeds can be big or small. This coconut seed is big.\nSeeds can be many different shapes. These maple seeds are long and flat.\nSeeds can be more than one color. These pistachio seeds are green and brown.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmechanic - monk\n\n0. mission\n1. market" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mission is between the guide words mechanic - monk, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this muskmelon plant's genotype for the fruit taste gene?\n\n0. sweet fruit\n1. ff" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The muskmelon plant has two alleles for sweet fruit (f). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit taste gene is ff.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\noar - orphan\n\n0. ought\n1. oh" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince oh is between the guide words oar - orphan, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 150-gram mug of cider at a temperature of 40\u00b0C\n1. a 150-gram mug of cider at a temperature of 30\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two mugs of cider have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0C mug of cider is hotter than the 30\u00b0C mug of cider, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nBert noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nBert noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction where Bert was this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. I wear an apron it keeps my dress clean.\n1. Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "I wear an apron it keeps my dress clean is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: I wear an apron and It keeps my dress clean.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ntearing a piece of paper\nstapling an envelope shut\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nTearing a piece of paper is a physical change. The paper tears into pieces. But each piece is still made of paper.\nStapling an envelope shut is a physical change. The envelope and the staple get new shapes. Both are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear mr. vincent,\n1. Dear Mr. Vincent," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Vincent is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nReba has a lot on her plate: she is attending college, has a full-time job as a waitress, and volunteers at the animal shelter.\n\n0. Reba has worked up an appetite.\n1. Reba has many responsibilities." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Reba has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nManny took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. compound\n1. complex\n2. compound-complex\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nManny took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an ice skate?\n\n0. 12 yards\n1. 12 inches\n2. 12 feet\n3. 12 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an ice skate is 12 inches.\n12 feet, 12 yards, and 12 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Keith investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does vegetable oil separate faster when stirred together with vinegar or with water?\n1. Does vinegar separate faster when stirred together with olive oil or with coconut oil?\n2. Does vegetable oil separate faster when stirred together with cold water or with hot water?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLong ago, all books were copied by hand. Making new copies was a lot of work and took a long time. But the invention of the printing press made copying books faster and easier. What happened to the overall supply of books after the printing press was invented?\n\n0. The supply went up.\n1. The supply went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The printing press was a new technology. It made the process of copying books easier and faster. So, the supply of books went up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. When Maria called the officers at the bank, she learned that her checking account was overdrawn.\n1. When Maria called them at the bank, she learned that her checking account was overdrawn." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the officers.\nWhen Maria called the officers at the bank, she learned that her checking account was overdrawn.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Brenda acquired this trait?\n\n0. Brenda learned how to knit in an after school program.\n1. Brenda knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The pond has frozen over, so Nellie will go ice skating.\n1. Tomorrow the price of gas may go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nThe pond has frozen over, so Nellie will go ice skating.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word boulder on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbike - bridge\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince boulder is between the guide words bike - bridge, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMy father asked me to help around the house more. I can't believe he doesn't want me to spend time with my friends.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n2. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the speaker's father wants the speaker to stop spending time with friends. However, this misrepresents the father's argument. The speaker's father only asked the speaker to spend more time on household chores. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich orange has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder orange\n1. the hotter orange" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two oranges are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter orange has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. The friends walk on the beach.\n1. Sacramento is the capital of California the state government meets there." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sacramento is the capital of California the state government meets there is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Sacramento is the capital of California and The state government meets there.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Savannah investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted in small pots or in large pots?\n1. If squash seeds and tomato seeds are planted with compost, which type of plant grows larger?\n2. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted with compost or without compost?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. When Megan ran into Carly at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\n1. Megan smiled and said hello when she ran into Carly at the post office." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Megan or Carly.\nWhen Megan ran into Carly at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMegan smiled and said hello when she ran into Carly at the post office.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a water pitcher?\n\n0. 11 fluid ounces\n1. 11 gallons\n2. 11 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a water pitcher is 11 cups.\n11 fluid ounces is too little and 11 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a can of soda pop?\n\n0. 345 milliliters\n1. 345 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 345 milliliters.\n345 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nThe first car that Mr. Castro bought is still the most precious in his collection it's a 1971 Chevrolet Chevelle.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a run-on sentence. It is formed from two sentences run together, joined without punctuation.\nThe first car that Mr. Castro bought is still the most precious in his collection it's a 1971 Chevrolet Chevelle.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nThe first car that Mr. Castro bought is still the most precious in his collection; it's a 1971 Chevrolet Chevelle.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. back\n1. tune\n2. pack" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words pack and back rhyme. They both end with the ack sound.\nThe word tune does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bottle of hair spray?\n\n0. 10 fluid ounces\n1. 10 gallons\n2. 10 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of hair spray is 10 fluid ounces.\n10 cups and 10 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Last night we heard an owl outside in the oak tree.\n1. Susan finished her book, but she got two more from the library." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nSusan finished her book, but she got two more from the library.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich confirmation text message is more formal?\n\n0. Thanks 4 confirming your appt. C U on Mon, 1/17 @ 10.\n1. Thank you for confirming your appointment. We'll see you on Monday, January 17, at 10 A.M." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second confirmation text message is more formal. It avoids abbreviations (4, ur, C, U, Mon) and writes out \"@.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Amy asked Annie to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting because she has a gluten allergy.\n1. Because Annie has a gluten allergy, Amy asked her to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Amy or Annie.\nAmy asked Annie to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting because she has a gluten allergy.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBecause Annie has a gluten allergy, Amy asked her to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have a hard outer cover on their body. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. cat\n1. orb weaver" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other spiders, an orb weaver is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA cat is a mammal. Like other mammals, a cat is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Bullseye's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. ff\n1. brown fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Bullseye's observable version of the fur color trait is brown fur. So, Bullseye's phenotype for the fur color trait is brown fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word accuse on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nanother - away\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince accuse is not between the guide words another - away, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWith the gutters clogged and water rising in the streets, Christine, who was watching the storm from her window, commented, \"We're going to need an ark to get out of here.\"\n\n0. Christine wants to protect her possessions.\n1. Christine thinks the storm will cause major flooding." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Christine thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The United States government can collect taxes.\n1. People are taxed too much." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nThe United States government can collect taxes.\nIt can be proved by looking at a list of government powers.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nPeople are taxed too much.\nToo much shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what level of taxes is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nSomeone will raise the flag in the morning.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, raise. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Quartz is a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n1. Hornblende is formed in nature. It is a solid.\n2. A skull is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nA skull is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, a skull is not a mineral.\nQuartz is a mineral.\nHornblende is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the action that doesn't belong.\n\n0. tell\n1. say\n2. announce\n3. write" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Write doesn't belong.\nTell, announce, and say all name ways to speak aloud.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. Living things use this energy to grow and change. All living things grow and change during their lives.\nAll living things sense changes in the world around them. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. street lamp\n1. spruce tree" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A spruce tree is a living thing.\nSpruce trees grow and respond to the world around them. They need food and water.\nSpruce trees are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nA street lamp is not a living thing.\nStreet lamps do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to the world around them. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich bath towel has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter bath towel\n1. the colder bath towel" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bath towels are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter bath towel has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nMr. McDowell gave a lecture on water conservation, during which he stressed the importance of not watering lawns during a drought.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAs a result of the recent merger, twenty people in the regional sales division were let go. Most of the work will now be done by the marketing team.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nLet go is an indirect and more polite way of saying fired.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a paper drinking cup?\n\n0. 150 liters\n1. 150 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a paper drinking cup is 150 milliliters.\n150 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a garden snail?\n\n0. 35 millimeters\n1. 35 centimeters\n2. 35 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 35 millimeters.\n35 centimeters and 35 meters are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does Holi celebrate?\n\n0. the beginning of the school year\n1. the birthday of India's first president\n2. the beginning of spring\n3. Nepal's independence day" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Holi celebrates the beginning of spring. The holiday takes place over two days in late February or early March. After winter, people are excited for the warmth and bright colors that come with spring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. bad kitty for President\n1. Bad Kitty for President" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word for is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Bad Kitty for President.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. crayon\n1. ferris wheel\n2. toy car\n3. hedge maze" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A toy car is not a living thing.\nIf this toy car is wound up, it will roll forward. But toy cars do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow. They do not need food or water.\nA hedge maze is a living thing.\nHedge mazes grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Hedge mazes are made up of many cells.\nHedge mazes are made from shrubs. People cut the shrubs into shapes that form a maze.\nA ferris wheel is not a living thing.\nA ferris wheel does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in a circle, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA crayon is not a living thing.\nCrayons do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nEric remarked that the new book on anti-gravity was impossible to put down.\n\n0. pun\n1. alliteration" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Ms. Meyer has several important proposals to discuss at the next city council meeting.\n1. There are some things that Ms. Meyer wants to bring up at the next city council meeting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (some things, bring up).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word shower on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nseven - strange\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince shower is between the guide words seven - strange, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word scooter on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nshop - swept\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince scooter is not between the guide words shop - swept, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nJosie entered the bustling, aromatic spice market in Istanbul and said to her travel companion, \"We're not in Kansas anymore.\"\n\n0. a movie\n1. a poem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion We're not in Kansas anymore is a movie.\nIn the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a young farm girl from Kansas, finds herself in Oz, an unusual place that looks nothing like her home. She says to her dog, \"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.\"\nThe allusion We're not in Kansas anymore means we're in an unfamiliar place.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Paddling a kayak down a river is the most unforgettable experience.\n1. For thousands of years, the natives of Greenland used kayaks for hunting and fishing." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nFor thousands of years, the natives of Greenland used kayaks for hunting and fishing.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about Greenland history.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nPaddling a kayak down a river is the most unforgettable experience.\nMost unforgettable shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what an experience is like.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Lara's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\n1. Lara's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nLara's little brother looked a little sick after eating mounds of candy and then going on the nauseous rides at the state fair.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nLara's little brother looked a little nauseous after eating mounds of candy and then going on the dizzying rides at the state fair.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a short story?\n\n0. \"The Wolf in Sheep's clothing\"\n1. \"The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word in is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is \"The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nKrysta has no school spirit\u2014she never comes to any of our football games.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Krysta doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Krysta doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is more flexible?\n\n0. tape\n1. plastic ball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the tape is more flexible. If you bend a piece of tape, it will not break.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbleaching clothes\na piece of apple turning brown\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBleaching clothes is a chemical change. The bleach reacts with dark stains on the clothes. The reaction changes the stains into different types of matter that wash away easily.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this Channel catfish's phenotype for the body color trait?\n\n0. a brown body\n1. BB" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The Channel catfish's observable version of the body color trait is a brown body. So, the catfish's phenotype for the body color trait is a brown body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Dominic inherited this trait?\n\n0. Dominic's mother cuts his hair every month.\n1. Dominic's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Dominic." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Wombats eat plants.\n1. Maple trees have star-shaped leaves." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A wombat is an animal. It eats plants.\nWombats have strong claws. They use their claws to dig tunnels called burrows.\nA maple tree is a plant. It has star-shaped leaves.\nMaple trees have green leaves in the spring and summer. In the fall, their leaves turn yellow, red, or brown.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAn avid reader, Philip attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. simple\n2. complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Philip attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSenator Fischer announced today that she plans to cut funding to early childhood education programs. The last thing we need is a government official who hates children!\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Senator Fischer hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Fischer wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nThe judge frequently described her life as a Cinderella story.\n\n0. a fairy tale\n1. Roman mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion a Cinderella story is a fairy tale.\nThe character Cinderella, from the fairy tale of the same name, transforms from a disrespected and neglected young woman to the wife of a prince.\nThe allusion a Cinderella story means a dramatic gain in wealth or status.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Orange trees can grow fruit.\n1. Orcas swim in the ocean." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An orange tree is a plant. It can grow fruit.\nOrange trees grow in sunny, warm places. They can be damaged by cold weather.\nAn orca is an animal. It swims in the ocean.\nOrcas are also called killer whales. They hunt fish and other animals that live in the ocean.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Carson acquired this trait?\n\n0. Carson learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects.\n1. Carson likes to look at butterflies and beetles." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Sage's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a black coat\n1. a reddish-brown coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sage's genotype for the coat color gene is ll. Sage's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for a reddish-brown coat. So, Sage's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Sage's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a reddish-brown coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nSage's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Sage's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a reddish-brown coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nChristina has a scar on her right elbow.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. A famous group will sing here on Saturday.\n1. Mars has a special name it is called the red planet." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A famous group will sing here on Saturday is a complete sentence. The subject is a famous group, and the verb is will sing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. the Elephant man\n1. The Elephant Man" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is The Elephant Man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word since on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nserape - spice\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince since is between the guide words serape - spice, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Steve investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps?\n1. Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms?\n2. Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Moxie's phenotype for the wool color trait?\n\n0. black wool\n1. white wool" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Moxie's genotype for the wool color gene is ll. Moxie's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for black wool. So, Moxie's phenotype for the wool color trait must be black wool.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Moxie's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for black wool (l) is recessive to the allele for white wool (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nMoxie's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Moxie's phenotype for the wool color trait must be black wool.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. In June, Gabrielle and Jon will graduate with honors from Millersburg High School.\n1. If we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction if.\nIf we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Bison eat mostly grass.\n1. Pear trees have green leaves." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A pear tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nWild pear trees grow in Europe, north Africa, and Asia.\nA bison is an animal. It eats mostly grass.\nBison can use their horns to defend themselves.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a metaphor?\n\n0. Mr. Casey's long legs were sunflower stalks.\n1. Mr. Casey's legs were as long as sunflower stalks." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a metaphor:\nMr. Casey's long legs were sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nMr. Casey's legs were as long as sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared using the word as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nDevon has a lot on her plate: she is attending college, has a full-time job as a waitress, and volunteers at the animal shelter.\n\n0. Devon has no time to eat well.\n1. Devon has many responsibilities." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Devon has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nRachel has a lot on her plate: she is attending college, has a full-time job as a waitress, and volunteers at the animal shelter.\n\n0. Rachel has many responsibilities.\n1. Rachel has no time to eat well." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Rachel has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Hugo acquired this trait?\n\n0. Hugo and his mother both ride bicycles.\n1. Hugo rides his bicycle to school.\n2. Hugo's friend showed him how to ride a bicycle." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. The Livingston Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Livingston's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history.\n1. A reporter for the Livingston Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Livingston's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nThe Livingston Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Livingston's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nA reporter for the Livingston Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Livingston's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. The nucleus of a plant cell does not have chromosomes.\n1. The cell membrane stores nutrients, water, and waste in a plant cell.\n2. The Golgi is outside the nucleus in a plant cell." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Cooper inherited this trait?\n\n0. Cooper's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Cooper.\n1. Cooper and his father both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nOn that winter morning, Brittany's hands were as cold as ice.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "On that winter morning, Brittany's hands were as cold as ice.\nThe words hands and ice are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word persuade on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nprey - punch\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince persuade is not between the guide words prey - punch, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Over the summer, my cousin Reba visited many times.\n1. Beavers build a dam they use sticks and branches." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Over the summer, my cousin Reba visited many times is a complete sentence. The subject is my cousin Reba, and the verb is visited.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Several competent city council members have been elected in Oakland, but the mayor's office has prevented the council members from significantly influencing policy.\n1. The citizens of Oakland have elected several competent city council members, but the mayor's office has prevented them from significantly influencing policy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the citizens or several competent city council members.\nThe citizens of Oakland have elected several competent city council members, but the mayor's office has prevented them from significantly influencing policy.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nSeveral competent city council members have been elected in Oakland, but the mayor's office has prevented the council members from significantly influencing policy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. If the governor raises tolls on state highways, he may be in hot water with voters.\n1. The governor may be in serious trouble with voters if he raises the tolls on state highways." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (in hot water).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"In an Old House\"\n1. ***In an Old House***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **In an Old House**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na piece of pizza rotting in a trashcan\ncooking an egg\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of pizza rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the pizza breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked eggs and raw eggs are made of different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But a piece of pizza rotting is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThere was a clear consensus in the Jefferson family that they should put their dog to sleep, rather than let him continue to suffer.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nPut their dog to sleep is a more indirect way of saying have the veterinarian kill their dog.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Valeria are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Valeria?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Valeria.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Valeria." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Valeria, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Valeria down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Valeria up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Valeria.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI've heard that Kiara & Co. is downsizing, so I'm happy to see that their store in downtown Greenville will remain open for now.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nDownsizing is an indirect way of saying that the company is planning on firing employees, closing shops or branches, and/or reducing its budget.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Some mosquitoes carry germs that can cause diseases like yellow fever.\n1. The worst diseases are spread to humans by mosquitoes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nSome mosquitoes carry germs that can cause diseases like yellow fever.\nIt can be proved by checking a website about mosquitos.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe worst diseases are spread to humans by mosquitoes.\nWorst shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what the worst diseases are.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Steel is made in a factory. It is a solid.\n1. Gabbro is not made by living things. It is a solid.\n2. Rhyolite is a solid. It is formed in nature." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nRhyolite is a rock.\nSteel is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, steel is not a rock.\nGabbro is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Susan's bedroom is neat she puts everything away.\n1. The little boy popped a big bubble." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Susan's bedroom is neat she puts everything away is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Susan's bedroom is neat and She puts everything away.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI don't trust Professor Powell's findings. Another researcher at her university was caught falsifying data. So, it's likely Professor Powell has, too.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Professor Powell's research is untrustworthy because someone else at her university was caught falsifying data. However, this isn't necessarily true. The practices of one researcher at a university do not necessarily reflect the practices of another researcher at the same university. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that Sanjay's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between Sanjay and Earth () as he hiked toward the summit.\n\n0. decreased\n1. stayed the same\n2. increased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between Sanjay and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Sanjay started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Sanjay and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Sanjay and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Hazel decides to watch the action movie. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Hazel will give up the chance to watch the movie that she is more excited about.\n1. Hazel will get to watch a movie with her sister." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Hazel wants or needs:\nHazel will give up the chance to watch the movie that she is more excited about.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. pebble\n1. cabbage in a field\n2. ferris wheel\n3. television" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A ferris wheel is not a living thing.\nA ferris wheel does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in a circle, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA pebble is not a living thing.\nPebbles do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nCabbage in a field is a living thing.\nCabbage in a field grows and responds to its environment. It needs food and water. It is made up of many cells.\nCabbage plants grow and change. They need food and water. Cabbage plants use water, air, and energy from sunlight to make food.\nA television is not a living thing.\nA television does not have all the traits of a living thing. It responds to the world around it, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. No Time but Now\n1. no Time but Now" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word but is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is No Time but Now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Chirpie's phenotype for the body feather color trait?\n\n0. blue body feathers\n1. green body feathers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Chirpie's phenotype for the body feather color trait. First, consider the alleles in Chirpie's genotype for the body feather color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for blue body feathers (b) is recessive to the allele for green body feathers (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nChirpie's genotype of Bb has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Chirpie's phenotype for the body feather color trait must be green body feathers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is more flexible?\n\n0. nylon shorts\n1. ceramic mug" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the nylon shorts are more flexible. If you fold nylon fabric, it will not break.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI read that people with higher-paying jobs wear more expensive clothing. So, if I wear fancier clothes, I'll finally get that raise I've been wanting.\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that expensive clothing will lead to a higher-paying job. However, that's not necessarily true. For instance, perhaps having a higher-paying job might lead someone to buy more expensive clothing. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nDry ice sublimating and becoming a gas is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your student,\nNicole\n1. your student,\nNicole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMy little brother is as sweet as pie.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "My little brother is as sweet as pie.\nThe words brother and pie are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Tammy rode down the hill.\n\n0. stayed the same\n1. increased\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Tammy started sledding. As Tammy rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Tammy rode down the hill.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jada inherited this trait?\n\n0. Jada has green eyes like her biological mother.\n1. Jada's neighbor has green eyes.\n2. Jada and her biological father wear sunglasses when they go outside." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. The awesome band Prehistoric Playground has a gig at McCarthy Hall tonight.\n1. The band Prehistoric Playground is performing at McCarthy Hall tonight." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses slang (awesome, gig).\nThe second sentence uses formal language in place of the slang, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Everyone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but it made Zachary feel rather nauseous.\n1. Everyone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but Zachary found the smell rather nauseous." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nEveryone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but Zachary found the smell rather nauseous.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nEveryone seemed to enjoy the magnolia-scented candle, but it made Zachary feel rather nauseous.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Shelley investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?\n1. Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?\n2. Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Flicka's phenotype for the wool color trait?\n\n0. Ll\n1. white wool" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Flicka's observable version of the wool color trait is white wool. So, Flicka's phenotype for the wool color trait is white wool.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two blue whales. Which blue whale was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a blue whale that moved 55miles in 5hours\n1. a blue whale that moved 40miles in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each blue whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne blue whale moved 40 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other blue whale moved 55 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each blue whale spent the same amount of time moving. The blue whale that moved 40 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that blue whale must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Just as Mr. Terry was about to play the vinyl album on his old record player, it broke.\n1. The vinyl album broke just as Mr. Terry was about to play it on his old record player." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the vinyl album or the record player.\nJust as Mr. Terry was about to play the vinyl album on his old record player, it broke.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe vinyl album broke just as Mr. Terry was about to play it on his old record player.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a limousine?\n\n0. 6 yards\n1. 6 feet\n2. 6 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a limousine is 6 yards.\n6 inches and 6 feet are both too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJennifer is good at knitting hats.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word lucky on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nlaid - lizard\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince lucky is not between the guide words laid - lizard, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndine - drown\n\n0. dozen\n1. design" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dozen is between the guide words dine - drown, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this Channel catfish's genotype for the body color gene?\n\n0. Bb\n1. a brown body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The Channel catfish has one allele for a brown body (B) and one allele for a white body (b). So, the catfish's genotype for the body color gene is Bb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a bicycle?\n\n0. 19 tons\n1. 19 pounds\n2. 19 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a bicycle is 19 pounds.\n19 ounces is too light and 19 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Seals eat fish.\n1. Avocado trees have green leaves." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A seal is an animal. It eats fish and other animals that live in the ocean.\nSeals have flippers instead of arms. They use their flippers to swim.\nAn avocado tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nEach avocado has one large seed inside.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to make a paper airplane?\n\n0. 50 seconds\n1. 50 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to make a paper airplane is 50 seconds.\n50 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nCody's research on nineteenth-century philosophers led him down the rabbit hole.\n\n0. literature\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion down the rabbit hole is literature.\nLewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland tells the story of a young girl who follows a white rabbit down a rabbit hole and finds herself in a series of adventures in a surreal world.\nThe allusion down the rabbit hole means on a strange or difficult exploration.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThe air was muggy and humid today where Eli lives.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThe air was muggy and humid today where Eli lives.\nHumidity is the amount of water in the air.\nThis passage tells you about the humidity today where Eli lives. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the description that doesn't belong.\n\n0. always\n1. done\n2. sometimes\n3. never" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Done doesn't belong.\nSometimes, never, and always all describe how often something happens.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Whenever the Griffins visit Florida, they see their relatives.\n1. The Griffins see their relatives whenever they visit Florida." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to the Griffins or their relatives.\nThe Griffins see their relatives whenever they visit Florida.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nWhenever the Griffins visit Florida, they see their relatives.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich brick has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter brick\n1. the colder brick" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bricks are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter brick has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a metaphor?\n\n0. The cat's silver eyes were two shiny coins.\n1. The cat's silver eyes were like two shiny coins." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe cat's silver eyes were two shiny coins.\nThe words eyes and coins are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe cat's silver eyes were like two shiny coins.\nThe words eyes and coins are compared using the word like.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich order confirmation is more formal?\n\n0. Thanks for shopping with us. We'll let you know ASAP when your item has shipped.\n1. Thank you for shopping with us. We will send a confirmation as soon as your item has shipped." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first order confirmation is more formal. It uses more elevated language (confirmation). The other order confirmation uses contractions (we'll) and abbreviations (ASAP) and sounds more conversational.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbathtub - blend\n\n0. bin\n1. butler" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bin is between the guide words bathtub - blend, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nIn autumn, the leaves change color.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, change. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Ayana investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?\n1. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n2. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Lady's phenotype for the wool color trait?\n\n0. Ll\n1. white wool" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Lady's observable version of the wool color trait is white wool. So, Lady's phenotype for the wool color trait is white wool.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Vivian investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool?\n1. When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?\n2. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. blue crab\n1. chameleon\n2. dung beetle\n3. crown jellyfish" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A chameleon is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a chameleon is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other jellyfishes, a crown jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA dung beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a dung beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other crabs, a blue crab is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Santiago investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which type of soil will cause a certain kind of tomato plant to grow the most fruit?\n1. Does a certain kind of tomato plant grow taller when planted in a clay pot or in a plastic pot?\n2. Which of the three types of tomato seeds sprouts the fastest?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nEmily and Scott will spend the afternoon at the beach.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, spend. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich water balloon has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder water balloon\n1. the hotter water balloon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two water balloons are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter water balloon has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. The famous Venus de Milo statue was found on Milos, a volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Sea.\n1. Marshall was playing the piano in the living room when Dad called him for dinner." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe famous Venus de Milo statue was found on Milos, a volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Sea.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbaking cookies\na piece of avocado turning brown\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies!\nA piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But a piece of avocado turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nLiam has a scar on his right elbow.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Colleen acquired this trait?\n\n0. Colleen is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day.\n1. Colleen can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night.\n2. A pilot taught Colleen how to fly a plane." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI used to love this TV show, but then I found out that Philip likes it, too. So I changed my opinion\u2014if someone like Philip likes a show, it can't be as good as I thought!\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n2. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that a television show must be bad because someone the speaker hates enjoys it. However, this is not evidence that the show is bad. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The Empire State Building is too tall.\n1. The Empire State Building is 1,250 feet tall." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nThe Empire State Building is 1,250 feet tall.\nIt can be proved by researching the height of the building.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe Empire State Building is too tall.\nToo tall shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how tall is too tall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe salesperson tried hard to convince Sanjay that the jacket was a good buy; after all, it was made of genuine imitation leather.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nIn this election, we've seen the highest voter turnout ever recorded. If you have any doubts about Bobby Monroe's qualifications, just look at how many people have come out to vote for him.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Bobby Monroe is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Bobby Monroe is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.\n\n0. Smooth newts have moist, smooth skin with black spots. Young smooth newts hatch from eggs without shells. They live in streams or ponds until they are about ten weeks old. Then, they crawl onto land.\n1. Loggerhead sea turtles hatch from eggs with shells. They live in the water, but they lay their eggs on the land. Their scaly, waterproof skin and thick shell help protect them from predators." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA sea turtle has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA sea turtle does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A sea turtle is a reptile.\nA smooth newt has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA smooth newt has the traits of an amphibian. A smooth newt is an amphibian.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the stem height trait?\n\n0. a short stem\n1. a tall stem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pea plant's genotype for the stem height gene is hh. The pea plant's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for a short stem. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the stem height trait must be a short stem.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the pea plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a tall stem (H) is dominant over the allele for a short stem (h). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nThe pea plant's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the stem height trait must be a short stem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nRight after Andrew moved into the apartment, our washing machine broke. He'd better tell us how he broke it.\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Andrew is responsible for the broken washing machine. However, the fact that the machine stopped working soon after Andrew moved in doesn't necessarily mean that he caused the machine to break. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a floor lamp?\n\n0. 11 pounds\n1. 11 tons\n2. 11 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a floor lamp is 11 pounds.\n11 ounces is too light and 11 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three bicycles. Which bicycle was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a bicycle that moved 155miles south in 10hours\n1. a bicycle that moved 315miles north in 10hours\n2. a bicycle that moved 325miles west in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 10 hours. The bicycle that moved 325 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Since the branches had grown over the power lines, Ariel requested a permit to have the branches removed.\n1. Since the branches had grown over the power lines, Ariel requested a permit to have them removed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to the branches or the power lines.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the branches.\nSince the branches had grown over the power lines, Ariel requested a permit to have the branches removed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. \"And Then It's Spring\"\n1. ***And Then It's Spring***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **And Then It's Spring**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSince Sophia Browning became vice president of the parent-teacher association, student performance has declined and teacher morale is down. We on the school board believe that Browning bears sole responsibility for the downtrend.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Sophia Browning is responsible for the decline in student performance and teacher morale. However, even though things declined after Browning became vice president of the parent-teacher association, that doesn't necessarily mean that she caused the downturn. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. You can make a quill pen with a goose feather.\n1. Mom wraps the packages, and Dad drops them off at the post office." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nMom wraps the packages, and Dad drops them off at the post office.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word dove on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndeck - drawer\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dove is between the guide words deck - drawer, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. They say that diesel cars have better fuel economy than cars powered by gasoline.\n1. Experts say that diesel cars have better fuel economy than cars powered by gasoline." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with experts.\nExperts say that diesel cars have better fuel economy than cars powered by gasoline.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a salt shaker?\n\n0. 43 milliliters\n1. 43 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a salt shaker is 43 milliliters.\n43 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that has a backbone.\n\n0. curlyhair tarantula\n1. red salamander" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A red salamander is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a red salamander has a backbone.\nLike other tarantulas, a curlyhair tarantula does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJayce's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Bert subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior.\n1. Bert seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nBert seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nBert subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nChandler plays tennis.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play tennis. Instead, some people learn how to play tennis. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing tennis is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a school bus?\n\n0. 13 meters\n1. 13 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a school bus is 13 meters.\n13 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that Billy's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between Billy and Earth () as he rode the escalator.\n\n0. decreased\n1. increased\n2. stayed the same" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between Billy and the center of Earth changed.\nThe second floor is higher than the first floor. As he rode the escalator toward the second floor, the distance between Billy and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Billy and Earth increased as he rode the escalator.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nOn the sand banks the rabbits sat as quietly as little gray, sculptured stones.\n\u2014John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nAs quietly as little gray, sculptured stones compares rabbits to sculptured stones.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When you review a fellow student's writing, try to make your feedback clear and specific. You can use questions such as the following to guide your feedback:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear main idea and develop it with evidence, examples, and analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that the ideas build on one another and are easy to follow?\nSentence fluency: Do the writer's sentences vary in structure and length, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely, avoiding excessive repetition or inappropriate language to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer use accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following text from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her word choice?\nIf I could invent something, I would create a really nice bicycle. My bike would have a good seat and great tires so that I could ride it anywhere. It would also have a bell and special pockets for carrying things. A special top would be wonderful, so I could ride it in the rain but also enjoy the sun. I would choose a fun color to reflect my personality. Inventing a new bike would be cool.\n\n0. by reducing repetitive language\n1. by using more specific language" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her word choice by using more specific language.\nFor example, the writer could replace the underlined text more descriptive language, such as the perfect bicycle; comfortable; durable; my cell phone, a water bottle, and a snack; foldable, umbrella-like top; unusual color like turquoise or magenta; my own custom bicycle; and thrilling.\nIf I could invent something, I would create a really nice bicycle. My bike would have a good seat and great tires so that I could ride it anywhere. It would also have a bell and special pockets for carrying things. A special top would be wonderful, so I could ride it in the rain but also enjoy the sun. I would choose a fun color to reflect my personality. Inventing a new bike would be cool.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nan antacid tablet reacting with water\nburning food on a stove\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nAn antacid tablet reacting with water is a chemical change. When the tablet touches water, the type of matter in the tablet changes and carbon dioxide gas is released. This gas makes the water fizz.\nBurning food on a stove is a chemical change. When the food burns, the type of matter in it changes. The food turns black and gives off smoke.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But an antacid tablet reacting with water is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Julia rode down the hill.\n\n0. increased\n1. stayed the same\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Julia started sledding. As Julia rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Julia rode down the hill.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Darnell's phenotype for the cystic fibrosis trait?\n\n0. ff\n1. having cystic fibrosis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Darnell's observable version of the cystic fibrosis trait is having cystic fibrosis. So, Darnell's phenotype for the cystic fibrosis trait is having cystic fibrosis.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nBrody always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\n\n0. compound\n1. compound-complex\n2. simple\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nBrody always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nRust forming on a bike frame is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Rust forming on a bike frame is a chemical change. The metal on the bike changes into rust. Metal and rust are different types of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a trumpet?\n\n0. 2 ounces\n1. 2 tons\n2. 2 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a trumpet is 2 pounds.\n2 ounces is too light and 2 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Chitters's genotype for the leg color gene?\n\n0. LL\n1. white legs" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Chitters has two alleles for white legs (L). So, Chitters's genotype for the leg color gene is LL.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Angel's genotype for the leg color gene?\n\n0. ll\n1. yellow legs" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Angel has two alleles for yellow legs (l). So, Angel's genotype for the leg color gene is ll.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe ancient oak tree () under the weight of its own branches.\n\n0. cracked\n1. slouched" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word slouched. It describes the tree as if it were a person with slumping shoulders.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncarving a piece of wood\nsewing an apron\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCarving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nSewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the softest?\n\n0. plastic bucket\n1. cotton apron\n2. glass flask" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton apron is the softest. Cotton fabric changes shape easily when you squeeze it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMr. Atkinson will deliver the envelope to Trent.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, deliver. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air inside of a classroom?\n\n0. 75\u00b0C\n1. 75\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a classroom is 75\u00b0F.\n75\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nTwo blocks of iron have the same temperature but different masses. Which block has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the block of iron with less mass\n1. the block of iron with more mass" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two blocks of iron have the same temperature and are made of the same type of matter. So, the block of iron with more mass has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nScientists will measure the rainfall in Danville.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, measure. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich online professional profile is more formal?\n\n0. I am a certified college graduate seeking a teaching position.\n1. I've got a degree and certification and want to get a job teaching." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second online professional profile is more formal. It uses more elevated language (certified college graduate, teaching position) and avoids overly personal or casual language (I've got, want to get).\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 200-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 105\u00b0F\n1. a 200-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 100\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 105\u00b0F cup of black tea is hotter than the 100\u00b0F cup of black tea, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Undyne's phenotype for the Bekko patterning trait?\n\n0. not having Bekko patterning\n1. having Bekko patterning" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Undyne's genotype for the Bekko patterning gene is BB. Undyne's genotype of BB has only B allelles. The B allele is for having Bekko patterning. So, Undyne's phenotype for the Bekko patterning trait must be having Bekko patterning.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Undyne's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having Bekko patterning (b) is recessive to the allele for having Bekko patterning (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nUndyne's genotype of BB has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Undyne's phenotype for the Bekko patterning trait must be having Bekko patterning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Dutchess's phenotype for the ear type trait?\n\n0. curled ears\n1. straight ears" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Dutchess's phenotype for the ear type trait. First, consider the alleles in Dutchess's genotype for the ear type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for curled ears (E) is dominant over the allele for straight ears (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nDutchess's genotype of Ee has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Dutchess's phenotype for the ear type trait must be curled ears.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbolt - buckled\n\n0. brow\n1. bandage" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince brow is between the guide words bolt - buckled, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe rising tide () the sandcastle that the children had so carefully crafted.\n\n0. washed over\n1. gobbled up" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase gobbled up. It describes the tide as if it were a hungry person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Ants attacked our picnic.\n1. My ancestors are from Russia, they came here many years ago." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "My ancestors are from Russia, they came here many years ago is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: My ancestors are from Russia and They came here many years ago.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word rock on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nregret - ruffle\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince rock is between the guide words regret - ruffle, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Lucia investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a rubber inner tube sled go faster down a small hill or down a big hill?\n1. Does a rubber inner tube sled or a plastic sled go faster down a hill?\n2. Does a plastic sled or a wooden sled go down a hill faster?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nBarbara should either stop reading those sappy paranormal romance novels or finally admit that she doesn't believe in empowering women.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Barbara either must give up reading a certain type of book or admit she doesn't believe in female empowerment. However, someone can both enjoy reading paranormal romance books and also believe in empowering women. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncafe - consent\n\n0. chief\n1. crag" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chief is between the guide words cafe - consent, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a newspaper?\n\n0. The New York Times\n1. The New york Times" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is The New York Times.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Millersburg. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Millersburg?\n\n0. The supply probably went down.\n1. The supply probably went up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The population of Millersburg fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Millersburg has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two trains. Which train was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a train that moved 835kilometers in 10hours\n1. a train that moved 945kilometers in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each train moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne train moved 835 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other train moved 945 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each train spent the same amount of time moving. The train that moved 835 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that train must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Darkness comes quickly on long winter nights.\n1. Zoe just moved here she's new to our country." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Darkness comes quickly on long winter nights is a complete sentence. The subject is darkness, and the verb is comes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this pea plant's genotype for the pod shape gene?\n\n0. Dd\n1. inflated pods" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The pea plant has one allele for inflated pods (D) and one allele for constricted pods (d). So, the plant's genotype for the pod shape gene is Dd.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this tomato plant's genotype for the fruit color gene?\n\n0. Ff\n1. red fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The tomato plant has one allele for red fruit (F) and one allele for yellow fruit (f). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit color gene is Ff.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word random in its traditional sense?\n\n0. At the grocery store, Denise hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\n1. Denise made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.\nAt the grocery store, Denise hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\nThe second text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.\nDenise made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a leather belt?\n\n0. 65 kilometers\n1. 65 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a leather belt is 65 centimeters.\n65 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nAkiko teaches Emily about customs in Japan.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, teaches. The verb ends in -es and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Bella was stung by a bee, so her finger is slightly swollen.\n1. Mr. Estrada's afternoon lecture was about art and culture in Germany before World War II." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction so.\nBella was stung by a bee, so her finger is slightly swollen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kevin inherited this trait?\n\n0. Kevin's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Kevin.\n1. Kevin and his father both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nAn auction house representative described Bob Dylan's handwritten lyrics, worth over a million dollars, as \"the holy grail of lyrics.\"\n\n0. history\n1. a poem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion holy grail is history.\nDuring the Middle Ages, knights sought to find the Holy Grail, the cup that was supposedly used by Jesus at the Last Supper.\nThe allusion holy grail means something desired but hard to obtain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a car's gas tank?\n\n0. 42 milliliters\n1. 42 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 42 liters.\n42 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a guitar?\n\n0. 4 grams\n1. 4 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a guitar is 4 kilograms.\n4 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nflee - frontier\n\n0. foolish\n1. face" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince foolish is between the guide words flee - frontier, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe actor blinks away his tears.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, blinks. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. love,\nTony\n1. Love,\nTony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Argo's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a reddish-brown coat\n1. ll" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Argo's observable version of the coat color trait is a reddish-brown coat. So, Argo's phenotype for the coat color trait is a reddish-brown coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a short story?\n\n0. The Law of Life\n1. \"The Law of Life\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A short story should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"The Law of Life.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe old wooden rocking chair that Tanvi brought home from the rummage sale was as comfortable as a bed of nails.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs comfortable as a bed of nails shows verbal irony because sitting on nails would not be comfortable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mixture.\n\n0. lemonade\n1. silver" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a 5-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 31\u00b0F\n1. a 5-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 17\u00b0F\n2. a 5-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 25\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three gold bars have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 31\u00b0F gold bar is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The construction of the Channel Tunnel cost a ridiculous amount of money.\n1. The Channel Tunnel, which runs beneath the English Channel, connects England and France by rail." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nThe Channel Tunnel, which runs beneath the English Channel, connects England and France by rail.\nIt can be proved by checking an accurate website about the Channel Tunnel.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe construction of the Channel Tunnel cost a ridiculous amount of money.\nRidiculous shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is ridiculous.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Becky,\n1. Dear becky," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Becky is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. rockfish\n1. albatross\n2. leaf-curling spider\n3. whiptail lizard" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other spiders, a leaf-curling spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA whiptail lizard is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a whiptail lizard is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA rockfish is a fish. Like other fish, a rockfish is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn albatross is a bird. Like other birds, an albatross is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. After Jenny scolded Annie for missing the deadline, she felt awful.\n1. Jenny felt awful after she scolded Annie for missing the deadline." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Jenny or Annie.\nAfter Jenny scolded Annie for missing the deadline, she felt awful.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nJenny felt awful after she scolded Annie for missing the deadline.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that has a regular rhythm, or a pattern of sound like a beat.\n\n0. in spring\nropes\nof silver gliding from sunny\nthunder into freshness\n1. \"He does not love me for my birth,\nNor for my lands so broad and fair;\nHe loves me for my own true worth,\nAnd that is well,\" said Lady Clare." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem has a regular rhythm, or a pattern of sound like a beat. The parts in bold show the strong syllables. The pattern is a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable. It sounds like da-DUM da-DUM.\nAnd that is well,\" said Lady Clare.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nIf you have any doubts that Ken Henderson is the ideal candidate, just look at how many people have come out to vote for him.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Ken Henderson is the ideal candidate because so many people turned out to vote for him. However, just because many people voted for Ken Henderson, it doesn't necessarily mean he is the ideal candidate. He could be a popular candidate for other reasons. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your Student,\nJulia\n1. Your student,\nJulia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Ken investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?\n1. Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?\n2. Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Cleo's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. light fur\n1. dark fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cleo's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Cleo's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for light fur. So, Cleo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Cleo's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for light fur (f) is recessive to the allele for dark fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nCleo's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Cleo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. If Fred doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook.\n1. If Fred doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find it in the cookbook." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the recipe.\nIf Fred doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nAt the museum, we saw statues from China.\n\n0. declarative\n1. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nEmmet tried to ignore his unfinished essay, but it glared at him from across the room.\n\n0. It bothered Emmet that the essay wasn't finished.\n1. Emmet thought he was being watched." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Emmet that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Emmet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nEarth is hit by a rock from outer space.\n\n0. deposition\n1. landslide\n2. meteorite crash" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is harder?\n\n0. rubber balloons\n1. ceramic tea cup" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the ceramic tea cup is harder. If you press on a piece of ceramic, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Cole decides to watch the action movie. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Cole will get to watch a movie with his sister.\n1. Cole will give up the chance to watch the movie that he is more excited about." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Cole wants or needs:\nCole will give up the chance to watch the movie that he is more excited about.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich mug of cocoa has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the mug of cocoa with less thermal energy\n1. the mug of cocoa with more thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two mugs of cocoa are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the mug of cocoa with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Celsius (\u00b0C). Celsius is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Celsius scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 30 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 30\u00b0C.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 20\u00b0C\n1. 5\u00b0C\n2. 35\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 5. So, the temperature is 5\u00b0C.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word they on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nterritory - trek\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince they is between the guide words territory - trek, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Marcy investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. If squash seeds and tomato seeds are planted with compost, which type of plant grows larger?\n1. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted with compost or without compost?\n2. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted in small pots or in large pots?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mixture.\n\n0. oxygen\n1. blocks" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nPreston has naturally red hair.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\nChildren get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Preston's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a fish bowl?\n\n0. 1 cup\n1. 1 fluid ounce\n2. 1 gallon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a fish bowl is 1 gallon.\n1 fluid ounce and 1 cup are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMichael's definitely voting for the Conservative Party in the next election because he said there was no way he was voting for the Labour Party.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Michael is voting either for the candidate from the Conservative Party or the Labour Party. However, Michael might be voting for a third party\u2014or he might not be voting at all. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. ***Giants in the Land***\n1. \"Giants in the Land\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Giants in the Land**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Wildgrove. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Wildgrove?\n\n0. The supply probably went up.\n1. The supply probably went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a basketball court?\n\n0. 23 centimeters\n1. 23 millimeters\n2. 23 kilometers\n3. 23 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 23 meters.\n23 millimeters and 23 centimeters are too short. 23 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ariana acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ariana is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day.\n1. A pilot taught Ariana how to fly a plane.\n2. Ariana can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an ice skate?\n\n0. 11 miles\n1. 11 feet\n2. 11 yards\n3. 11 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an ice skate is 11 inches.\n11 feet, 11 yards, and 11 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nDespite Sally's insistence that she would raise Cain if we ever got lost, we decided to try taking a shortcut.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion raise Cain is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Adam and Eve's son Cain murders his brother in a jealous rage.\nThe allusion raise Cain means to resort to violence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a full box of cereal?\n\n0. 16 pounds\n1. 16 tons\n2. 16 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 16 ounces.\n16 pounds and 16 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is stickier?\n\n0. paper crane\n1. glue" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sticky is a property. A sticky material can stick to other things.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glue is stickier. If you touch wet glue, it will stick to you.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Wishbone's genotype for the fur length gene?\n\n0. FF\n1. short fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Wishbone has two alleles for short fur (F). So, Wishbone's genotype for the fur length gene is FF.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids.\n1. Our school has rules we always follow them." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Our school has rules we always follow them is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Our school has rules and We always follow them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a can of soup?\n\n0. 15 pounds\n1. 15 ounces\n2. 15 tons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a can of soup is 15 ounces.\n15 pounds and 15 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tray of lasagna has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder tray of lasagna\n1. the hotter tray of lasagna" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two trays of lasagna are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter tray of lasagna has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Tyler worked with Dave to design the new header for Dave's website.\n1. Tyler worked with Dave to design the new header for his website." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Tyler's or Dave's.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with Dave's.\nTyler worked with Dave to design the new header for Dave's website.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Walker's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. white spots\n1. solid coloring" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Walker's genotype for the coat pattern gene is AA. Walker's genotype of AA has only A allelles. The A allele is for solid coloring. So, Walker's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be solid coloring.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Walker's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for solid coloring (A) is dominant over the allele for white spots (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nWalker's genotype of AA has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Walker's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be solid coloring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich press release is more formal?\n\n0. On Nov. 19, musicians from all over town will battle it out in the fourth annual Jam-a-thon, happening at the amphitheater.\n1. On November 19, the Yardley Amphitheater will host area musicians vying for top honors in the fourth annual Jam-a-thon." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first press release is more formal. It uses more elevated language (area musicians, top honors). The other press release uses idioms (battle it out) and abbreviations (Nov.).\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Donald acquired this trait?\n\n0. Donald's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.\n1. Donald's friend taught him how to fly a kite.\n2. Donald likes to fly a kite with his younger brother." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nI enjoyed the risotto and the poached pears. Although I didn't care for the seared trout.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nI enjoyed the risotto and the poached pears. Although I didn't care for the seared trout.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nI enjoyed the risotto and the poached pears, although I didn't care for the seared trout.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work?\nBrenner, Wendy. \"Strange Beads.\" The Best American Essays 2014. Ed. John Jeremiah Sullivan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2014. 5\u201317. Print.\n\n0. The volume number is 5.\n1. John Jeremiah Sullivan is the editor.\n2. \"Strange Beads\" is the book title." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nBrenner, Wendy. \"Strange Beads.\" The Best American Essays 2014. Ed. John Jeremiah Sullivan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2014. 5\u201317. Print.\nYou can tell that John Jeremiah Sullivan is the editor because his name appears after the abbreviation Ed., which means edited by.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Tina investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which type of sunflower grows more leaves?\n1. Do sunflowers grow taller if they are planted in planter boxes or in pots?\n2. Do sunflowers grow bigger in sunny planter boxes or in shady planter boxes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nYou can hold me in your hand.\nYou can write with me.\nI may be blue or black.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a cap\n1. a pen" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can hold a pen in your hand.\nYou can write with a pen.\nA pen may be blue or black.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paper clip?\n\n0. 28 meters\n1. 28 centimeters\n2. 28 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a paper clip is 28 millimeters.\n28 centimeters and 28 meters are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word indignant on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nignore - ivy\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince indignant is between the guide words ignore - ivy, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Riley acquired this trait?\n\n0. Riley likes to photograph birds at the zoo.\n1. Riley was not born knowing how to identify different bird calls. She had to learn this skill." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMr. McCormick argues that we need to do more to prevent workplace injuries and fatalities. I doubt that someone so socially awkward would know a thing about office safety.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. McCormick's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two buses. Which bus was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a bus that moved 880kilometers in 10hours\n1. a bus that moved 850kilometers in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bus moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bus moved 880 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bus moved 850 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bus spent the same amount of time moving. The bus that moved 880 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bus must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nPorter got off the mountain by the skin of his teeth.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. a movie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmite - mud\n\n0. moisture\n1. market" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince moisture is between the guide words mite - mud, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?\nFirst, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.\nAfter pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat can seeds look like?\n\n0. Seeds come in many colors. But all seeds are small.\n1. Seeds can come in many colors and sizes.\n2. Seeds come in many sizes. But all seeds are black." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Seeds can be big or small. This coconut seed is big.\nSeeds can be many different shapes. These maple seeds are long and flat.\nSeeds can be many different colors. These mustard seeds are yellow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a pen?\n\n0. 15 meters\n1. 15 kilometers\n2. 15 millimeters\n3. 15 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a pen is 15 centimeters.\n15 millimeters is too short. 15 meters and 15 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a surplus or a shortage of trumpets?\n\n0. shortage\n1. surplus" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the current price, there are too many trumpets for sale. There are 15 trumpets, but only 8 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a surplus of trumpets. The music store will not get any money for the leftover trumpets.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. Plant cells can have vacuoles but do not have mitochondria.\n1. Mitochondria direct cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of a plant cell.\n2. Mitochondria break down sugar to release energy that an animal cell can use." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe salesperson tried hard to convince Duncan that the jacket was a good buy; after all, it was made of genuine imitation leather.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nGenuine imitation is a contradiction, because genuine means real, and imitation means fake or synthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nrust forming on a metal gate\nsaliva breaking down a piece of bread\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nSaliva breaking down a piece of bread is a chemical change. Bread is made up mostly of a chemical called starch. Saliva breaks the bonds between atoms in the starch molecules.\nThe atoms then link together to form smaller, simpler molecules of sugar. The sugar is a different type of matter than the starch.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Sean acquired this trait?\n\n0. Sean's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle.\n1. Some scars fade more quickly than others." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nMr. Wolfsheim, forgetting the more sentimental atmosphere of the old Metropole, began to eat with ferocious delicacy.\n\u2014F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. anaphora" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nFerocious delicacy is a contradiction, because ferocious describes something savage or fierce, while delicacy refers to a refined or sensitive quality.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nRed velvet cupcakes were Sasha's Achilles's heel when she was trying to eat more healthily.\n\n0. a movie\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. On the evening news, the reporters showed rare footage\u2014reportedly taken by a fisherman as he stood on the beach\u2014of sharks fighting over their prey.\n1. On the evening news, they showed rare footage\u2014reportedly taken by a fisherman as he stood on the beach\u2014of sharks fighting over their prey." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the reporters.\nOn the evening news, the reporters showed rare footage\u2014reportedly taken by a fisherman as he stood on the beach\u2014of sharks fighting over their prey.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Gwen acquired this trait?\n\n0. Gwen learned history by reading.\n1. Gwen is most interested in American history." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait?\n\n0. white flowers\n1. ff" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The scarlet rosemallow plant's observable version of the flower color trait is white flowers. So, the plant's phenotype for the flower color trait is white flowers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Destiny decides to take a trip to Virginia. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Destiny will enjoy her trip to Virginia more than she would have enjoyed a trip to Connecticut.\n1. Destiny will spend more money. Plane tickets for Destiny to get to Virginia are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Destiny wants or needs:\nDestiny will spend more money. Plane tickets for Destiny to get to Virginia are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sales pitch is more formal?\n\n0. Like our furniture? Make it yours with colors and fabrics that will blow you away!\n1. Our furniture is highly customizable, with more than one hundred colors and fabrics to choose from." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sales pitch is more formal. It uses more impersonal language. The other sales pitch uses idioms (blow you away!), and the direct address to the reader makes it sound more conversational.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Rosanne inherited this trait?\n\n0. Rosanne's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Rosanne.\n1. Rosanne and her mother both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Nabi's phenotype for the agouti fur trait?\n\n0. not having agouti fur\n1. having agouti fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Nabi's genotype for the agouti fur gene is AA. Nabi's genotype of AA has only A allelles. The A allele is for having agouti fur. So, Nabi's phenotype for the agouti fur trait must be having agouti fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Nabi's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having agouti fur (A) is dominant over the allele for not having agouti fur (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nNabi's genotype of AA has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Nabi's phenotype for the agouti fur trait must be having agouti fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Great Wall of China?\n\n0. 21,000 meters\n1. 21,000 kilometers\n2. 21,000 millimeters\n3. 21,000 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of the Great Wall of China is 21,000 kilometers.\n21,000 millimeters, 21,000 centimeters, and 21,000 meters are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs sweeping the floor a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether sweeping the floor is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs sweeping the floor something you can touch? No.\nIs sweeping the floor a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, sweeping the floor is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a rowboat?\n\n0. 3 yards\n1. 3 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a rowboat is 3 yards.\n3 inches is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJessica can fly a helicopter.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to fly a helicopter. Instead, some people learn how to fly helicopters. So, flying a helicopter is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nburning a candle\ndeep-frying chicken\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBurning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water.\nDeep-frying chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI believe everyone has his or her own idea of what's beautiful in the world. After all, it's the individual who determines what's attractive according to his or her own opinion.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations\n2. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that everyone has his or her own idea of what is beautiful because the individual determines what's beautiful to him or her. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nDespite Abigail's insistence that she would raise Cain if we ever got lost, we decided to try taking a shortcut.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion raise Cain is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Adam and Eve's son Cain murders his brother in a jealous rage.\nThe allusion raise Cain means to resort to violence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day?\n\n0. 42\u00b0C\n1. 42\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 42\u00b0F.\n42\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 150-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 50\u00b0F\n1. a 150-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 40\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of orange juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0F glass of orange juice is colder than the 50\u00b0F glass of orange juice, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nHow many articles did Herman write before his publisher offered him a book contract?\n\n0. imperative\n1. interrogative\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word dump on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndecay - disaster\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince dump is not between the guide words decay - disaster, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nWhile waiting for her search results, Beth exclaimed, \"My Internet connection is as speedy as a snail!\"\n\n0. The Internet connection was very slow.\n1. The Internet connection was very fast." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs speedy as a snail suggests that the Internet connection was very slow. A snail is not speedy, and neither was Beth's Internet connection.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Grayson acquired this trait?\n\n0. Grayson's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.\n1. Grayson likes to fly a kite with his younger brother.\n2. Grayson's friend taught him how to fly a kite." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a surplus or a shortage of mangoes?\n\n0. shortage\n1. surplus" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the current price, there are too many mangoes for sale. There are 200 mangoes for sale, but only 170 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a surplus of mangoes. The grocery store will not get any money for the leftover mangoes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nConnor returned to the parking lot to find his car somewhat destroyed. Apparently someone had crashed into it while he was working and had broken the entire front windshield.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSomewhat destroyed is a contradiction, because somewhat means partially or moderately, and destroyed implies totally wrecked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect a reason you might choose to keep your money in a bank account.\n\n0. You want to protect the money in a safe place.\n1. You want to keep your money in a place where you can see it all the time." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbutter melting on a hot day\ncooking an egg\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nButter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nButter melting on a hot day is a physical change. But cooking an egg is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. But butter melting on a hot day is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your Nephew,\nWyatt\n1. Your nephew,\nWyatt" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Dandelions can grow small yellow flowers.\n1. Giant pandas walk and climb." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A giant panda is an animal. It walks and climbs.\nGiant pandas eat mostly bamboo. But they can also eat other plants and small animals.\nA dandelion is a plant. It can grow small yellow flowers.\nDandelion seeds can be blown long distances by the wind.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The average American eats three pounds of sugar each week.\n1. Your hand contains twenty-seven bones, and your foot contains twenty-six." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nYour hand contains twenty-seven bones, and your foot contains twenty-six.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Pudge's genotype for the body color gene?\n\n0. Bb\n1. a gray body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Pudge has one allele for a gray body (B) and one allele for a golden body (b). So, Pudge's genotype for the body color gene is Bb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAt twenty-one, Aaron felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland.\n\n0. allusion\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word doze on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndepth - drink\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince doze is between the guide words depth - drink, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her grammar and mechanics?\nWhen my grandparents first bought a computer, they didn't know how to use the Internet, so I sit down with them and show them the ropes. We go over a few basic terms, and I introduce them to different browsers. I taught them where to find the URL for a website and how to use search boxes. We cover different ways to navigate around a website; for example, I show them how to use a mouse, how to scroll up or down a page using the scroll bar, and how to click on links. Now they are excited to be online.\n\n0. by using consistent verb tenses\n1. by correcting misplaced modifiers\n2. by using commas correctly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her grammar and mechanics by using consistent verb tenses.\nFor example, the writer could use past tense for all verbs but the last one; now indicates that the last sentence should be written in present tense.\nWhen my grandparents first bought a computer, they didn't know how to use the Internet, so I sit down with them and show them the ropes. We go over a few basic terms, and I introduce them to different browsers. I taught them where to find the URL for a website and how to use search boxes. We cover different ways to navigate around a website; for example, I show them how to use a mouse, how to scroll up or down a page using the scroll bar, and how to click on links. Now they are excited to be online.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nFor many runners who prefer running barefoot but still want some support and protection, minimalist shoes are the best thing since sliced bread.\n\n0. The shoes are as soft as freshly baked bread.\n1. The shoes are a fabulous invention." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the best thing since sliced bread suggests that the shoes are a fabulous invention. A pre-sliced loaf of bread was once considered a wonderful innovation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Walter inherited this trait?\n\n0. Walter's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Walter.\n1. Walter's mother cuts his hair every month." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a ladybug?\n\n0. 8 meters\n1. 8 kilometers\n2. 8 centimeters\n3. 8 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a ladybug is 8 millimeters.\n8 centimeters, 8 meters, and 8 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Gabe are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Gabe?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Gabe.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Gabe." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Gabe, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Gabe down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Gabe up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Gabe.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich soap bubble has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the soap bubble with more thermal energy\n1. the soap bubble with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two soap bubbles are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the soap bubble with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nTim has five toes on each foot.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a grain of rice?\n\n0. 3 millimeters\n1. 3 meters\n2. 3 centimeters\n3. 3 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a grain of rice is 3 millimeters.\n3 centimeters, 3 meters, and 3 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait?\n\n0. fuzzy leaves\n1. smooth leaves" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The summer squash plant's genotype for the leaf texture gene is ll. The summer squash plant's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for smooth leaves. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be smooth leaves.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the summer squash plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for smooth leaves (l) is recessive to the allele for fuzzy leaves (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nThe summer squash plant's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the summer squash plant's phenotype for the leaf texture trait must be smooth leaves.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Jason decides to go as a superhero. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Jason will give up the chance to wear the costume he is more excited about.\n1. Jason will save some time and money. He won't have to go out and get a new costume." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jason wants or needs:\nJason will give up the chance to wear the costume he is more excited about.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbeating an egg\nmixing lettuce and salad dressing\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBeating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\nMixing lettuce and salad dressing is a physical change. Together, the salad and dressing make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nThe First Amendment says that the government cannot take away a person's () or ().\n\n0. freedom of speech . . . freedom of religion\n1. voting rights . . . right to own weapons\n2. home . . . private property" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The First Amendment says that the government cannot take away a person's freedom of speech or freedom of religion. Freedom of speech means that Americans can say and write what they want. But there are some limits on freedom of speech. For example, a person cannot write lies about someone in a newspaper. But the government cannot stop speech just because someone disagrees with it. Freedom of religion means a person can choose his or her own religion. In the United States, the government cannot tell a person what to believe. The complete text of the First Amendment is below. Does it mention any other rights? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nChloe's Bistro used to be a great place to go for a delicious and carefully prepared dinner, but nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded.\n\n0. paradox\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded at first appears to be contradictory, because if no one goes to the restaurant, then the restaurant should be empty, not crowded. However, it contains some truth: if a restaurant is frequently perceived to be too crowded, many people will no longer want to go there.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. They are researching a hybrid South African tobacco plant that may decrease reliance on fossil fuels. It contains oily seeds that can be transformed into sustainable biofuel.\n1. Scientists are researching a hybrid South African tobacco plant that may decrease reliance on fossil fuels. It contains oily seeds that can be transformed into sustainable biofuel." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with scientists.\nScientists are researching a hybrid South African tobacco plant that may decrease reliance on fossil fuels. It contains oily seeds that can be transformed into sustainable biofuel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word side on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nskirt - stories\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince side is not between the guide words skirt - stories, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Although the Moon appears to shine, it does not give off light. Instead, we can see the Moon because it is lit up by the Sun. The part of the Moon that is both lit up by the Sun and facing Earth is called the Moon's phase.\nThe Moon orbits, or goes around, Earth. As it does, the Moon's phase changes. The model below shows the Moon's phase at eight positions in its orbit. The smaller moons closer to Earth show where sunlight hits the Moon. The larger moons farther from Earth show how the Moon will look during that phase.\nTo use the model, first pick one of the eight positions. Then, imagine standing on Earth and looking up at the Moon. Use the dotted white lines in the model to guide you. The picture of the Moon shows its phase for that position. If you are in the Southern Hemisphere, the Moon will appear flipped, left to right.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the phase of the Moon shown in the model.\n\n0. first quarter\n1. new" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJuan plays soccer.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play soccer. Instead, some people learn how to play soccer. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing soccer is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a car key?\n\n0. 7 kilometers\n1. 7 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a car key is 7 centimeters.\n7 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nA rock from outer space crashes into Earth's surface.\n\n0. meteorite crash\n1. deposition\n2. drought" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Albert acquired this trait?\n\n0. Albert's mother speaks one language.\n1. Albert learned to speak two languages in school." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nWhich do you think is the most important environmental issue of our time-water conservation or the protection of natural habitats?\n\n0. imperative\n1. exclamatory\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich body part takes air into the body?\n\n0. lungs\n1. stomach\n2. muscles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three bicycles. Which bicycle was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a bicycle that moved 30miles east in 5hours\n1. a bicycle that moved 70miles west in 5hours\n2. a bicycle that moved 35miles east in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 5 hours. The bicycle that moved 70 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a bus route across a small town?\n\n0. 5 centimeters\n1. 5 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a bus route across a small town is 5 kilometers.\n5 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word fare on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nflow - four\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince fare is not between the guide words flow - four, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Uncle Dave,\n1. Dear Uncle dave," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Dave is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a ship that moved 100miles south in 10hours\n1. a ship that moved 385miles south in 10hours\n2. a ship that moved 160miles west in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 10 hours. The ship that moved 385 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJoseph has a scar on his left leg.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nAre you yawning because you're tired or because you're bored?\n\n0. imperative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a mountain biker who moved 190miles in 10hours\n1. a mountain biker who moved 100miles in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne mountain biker moved 100 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other mountain biker moved 190 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 100 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bottle of hot sauce?\n\n0. 4 gallons\n1. 4 fluid ounces\n2. 4 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of hot sauce is 4 fluid ounces.\n4 cups and 4 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. The lecturer became flustered when a factoid that she had presented was promptly refuted by an expert in the field.\n1. The lecturer's presentation on economics included some interesting factoids from recent research studies in the field." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nThe lecturer became flustered when a factoid that she had presented was promptly refuted by an expert in the field.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nThe lecturer's presentation on economics included some interesting factoids from recent research studies in the field.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the fish traits listed above.\n\n0. Green frogs have moist skin. Green frog tadpoles hatch from eggs without shells and live underwater. The adult frogs live on land near ponds and rivers. They may jump into the water to hide from predators.\n1. Minnows live underwater and have fins to help them swim. They have scaly skin and lay eggs with no shells. Many fishermen use minnows as bait to catch other fish." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nFish have the following traits:\nThey have fins, not limbs.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA green frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA green frog does not have all of the traits of a fish. A green frog is an amphibian.\nA minnow has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA minnow has the traits of a fish. A minnow is a fish.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na copper statue turning green\nfiring a clay pot in a hot kiln\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green.\nFiring a clay pot in a hot kiln is a chemical change. High temperatures cause the clay to slowly harden. After several hours in the kiln, the clay will have changed into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nFiring clay is caused by heating. But a copper statue turning green is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Mitchell investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored inside or outside the refrigerator?\n1. Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored in a paper bag or in a plastic bag?\n2. Does white or whole wheat sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nGreta entered the bustling, aromatic spice market in Istanbul and said to her travel companion, \"We're not in Kansas anymore.\"\n\n0. a poem\n1. a movie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion We're not in Kansas anymore is a movie.\nIn the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, a young farm girl from Kansas, finds herself in Oz, an unusual place that looks nothing like her home. She says to her dog, \"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.\"\nThe allusion We're not in Kansas anymore means we're in an unfamiliar place.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word mar on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmodest - musician\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mar is not between the guide words modest - musician, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Arlington. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Arlington?\n\n0. The supply probably went up.\n1. The supply probably went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Destiny acquired this trait?\n\n0. Destiny likes to look at butterflies and beetles.\n1. Destiny learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMaddie is good at cooking.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to cook. Instead, many people learn how to cook. So, cooking is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nThe shower is broken for the second time this week!\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Simon inherited this trait?\n\n0. Simon likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes.\n1. Simon's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Simon." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nWhat type of training and experience do you need to become a referee?\n\n0. declarative\n1. exclamatory\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Kate asked Katie to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting because she has a gluten allergy.\n1. Because Katie has a gluten allergy, Kate asked her to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Kate or Katie.\nKate asked Katie to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting because she has a gluten allergy.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBecause Katie has a gluten allergy, Kate asked her to make a flourless chocolate cake for their book club meeting.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. The class chuckles at Ms. McKee's joke.\n1. Sharon fell asleep Mom put a blanket on her." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sharon fell asleep Mom put a blanket on her is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Sharon fell asleep and Mom put a blanket on her.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe bus will go through the tunnel.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, go. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAlthough Jacob hasn't worked in years, his mother prefers to say that he's between jobs right now.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nBetween jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nThe honey mushroom, a fungus spreading over more than two thousand acres across eastern Oregon's Malheur National Forest, is thought to be the largest living organism on Earth.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nThe honey mushroom, a fungus spreading over more than two thousand acres across eastern Oregon's Malheur National Forest, is thought to be the largest living organism on Earth.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your friend,\nJada\n1. your friend,\nJada" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The gas pedal is pushing on Samantha's foot.\n1. The gas pedal is pulling on Samantha's foot." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Samantha's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Samantha's foot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Abby inherited this trait?\n\n0. Abby's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Abby.\n1. Abby and her mother both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of armos?\n\n0. 6 gallons\n1. 6 cups\n2. 6 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a thermos is 6 cups.\n6 fluid ounces is too little and 6 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three geese. Which goose was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a goose that moved 275miles south in 5hours\n1. a goose that moved 155miles west in 5hours\n2. a goose that moved 120miles north in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each goose moved for 5 hours. The goose that moved 120 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. three\n1. bee\n2. green" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words three and bee rhyme. They both end with the ee sound.\nThe word green does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbare - bite\n\n0. because\n1. booth" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince because is between the guide words bare - bite, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mrs. Herman told her friend that she needs to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day.\n1. Mrs. Herman told her friend to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Herman or her friend.\nMrs. Herman told her friend that she needs to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nMrs. Herman told her friend to exercise on a regular basis and get more sleep in order to have more energy throughout the day.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nErnesto got off the mountain by the skin of his teeth.\n\n0. U.S. history\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Katie looks almost identical to her twin sister Abby, but she has pierced ears.\n1. Katie has pierced ears, but otherwise she looks almost identical to her twin sister Abby." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Katie or Abby.\nKatie looks almost identical to her twin sister Abby, but she has pierced ears.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nKatie has pierced ears, but otherwise she looks almost identical to her twin sister Abby.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. yak\n1. bracelet\n2. ferris wheel\n3. rain" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A ferris wheel is not a living thing.\nA ferris wheel does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves in a circle, but it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA yak is a living thing.\nYaks grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Yaks are made up of many cells.\nA bracelet is not a living thing.\nBracelets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nRain is not a living thing.\nRain is made of water. It helps living things survive. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. Rain does not grow or need food.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Danielle couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\n1. The odor emanating from the landfill made Danielle so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nDanielle couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Danielle so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nThat was the longest yawn I've ever seen!\n\n0. declarative\n1. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle\ndry ice sublimating and becoming a gas\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nLoose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nDry ice sublimating is caused by heating. But sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndesk - drop\n\n0. dazzle\n1. distribute" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince distribute is between the guide words desk - drop, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nIn this election, we've seen the highest voter turnout ever recorded. If you have any doubts about Jacob Trevino's qualifications, just look at how many people have come out to vote for him.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Jacob Trevino is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Jacob Trevino is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on the ice cube are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the ice cube?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the ice cube.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the ice cube." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on the ice cube, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling the ice cube down with a force of 0.1 N.\nThe water is pushing the ice cube up with a force of 0.1 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 0.1 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the ice cube.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Dakota inherited this trait?\n\n0. Dakota has green eyes like her biological mother.\n1. Dakota and her biological father wear sunglasses when they go outside.\n2. Dakota's neighbor has green eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nEmir plays hockey.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play hockey. Instead, some people learn how to play hockey. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing hockey is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nLisbon, Portugal, has cloudy skies today. So, the air pressure is low.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nLisbon, Portugal, has cloudy skies today. So, the air pressure is low.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy.\nThis passage tells you about the air pressure in Lisbon today. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a song?\n\n0. Any Dream Will Do\n1. \"Any Dream Will Do\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Any Dream Will Do.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nSilicon dioxide is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether silicon dioxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for silicon dioxide is SiO2. This formula contains two symbols: Si for silicon and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that silicon dioxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, silicon dioxide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an adult great white shark?\n\n0. 4 yards\n1. 4 inches\n2. 4 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an adult great white shark is 4 yards.\n4 inches and 4 feet are both too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nYou've reached Eric Horton's voice mail. Please leave a detailed message at the beep, and I will return your call at my earliest convenience.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Since the branches had grown over the power lines, Lauren requested a permit to have the branches removed.\n1. Since the branches had grown over the power lines, Lauren requested a permit to have them removed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to the branches or the power lines.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the branches.\nSince the branches had grown over the power lines, Lauren requested a permit to have the branches removed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Jupiter's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. a spotted coat\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Jupiter's genotype for the coat pattern gene is AA. Jupiter's genotype of AA has only A allelles. The A allele is for a black coat. So, Jupiter's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a black coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Jupiter's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted coat (a) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nJupiter's genotype of AA has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Jupiter's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbeginner - bottom\n\n0. blueberry\n1. baseball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blueberry is between the guide words beginner - bottom, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nBefore the Louisiana Purchase, what was the western boundary of the United States?\n\n0. the Pacific Ocean\n1. the Mississippi River\n2. the Rocky Mountains\n3. the Missouri River" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Before the Louisiana Purchase, the western boundary of the United States was the Mississippi River.\nThe old boundaries had been set in 1783, at the end of the Revolutionary War. In the Treaty of Paris, Britain gave the United States control of the western land south of the Great Lakes. The United States in 1783 stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a large trash can?\n\n0. 16 cups\n1. 16 gallons\n2. 16 fluid ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a large trash can is 16 gallons.\n16 fluid ounces and 16 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. shoe\n1. iceberg\n2. pushpin\n3. fig tree" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A fig tree is a living thing.\nFig trees grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Fig trees are made up of many cells.\nFig trees are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nAn iceberg is not a living thing.\nAn iceberg does not have all the traits of a living thing. It may grow or melt in response to the world around it, but it does not need food.\nA pushpin is not a living thing.\nPushpins do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA shoe is not a living thing.\nShoes do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Emma investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Will eight ounces of carbonated water or eight ounces of tap water get warmer when placed in a jar in the sun?\n1. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a closed jar or eight ounces of water in an open jar get warmer?\n2. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a glass jar or eight ounces of water in a plastic cup get warmer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nAbdul's proclamations earned him a reputation as our neighborhood's own Nostradamus.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Nostradamus is history.\nNostradamus, a sixteenth-century French astrologer and physician, is best known as the author of a book of prophecies.\nThe allusion Nostradamus means a seer or predictor of the future.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Deion acquired this trait?\n\n0. Deion learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting.\n1. Deion is most interested in human biology." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Mackenzie investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which type of sunflower grows more leaves?\n1. Do sunflowers grow bigger in sunny planter boxes or in shady planter boxes?\n2. Do sunflowers grow taller if they are planted in planter boxes or in pots?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Molly didn't enter student politics until her junior year.\n1. Molly did not enter student politics until her junior year." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe first sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmeddle - mound\n\n0. map\n1. mild" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mild is between the guide words meddle - mound, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The suitcase is pushing on Pete.\n1. The suitcase is pulling on Pete." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Pete is pulling on the suitcase. So, Newton's third law tells you that the suitcase is pulling on Pete.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the hyperbole in this text suggest?\nThe last time Lorenzo cleaned his room, dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth.\n\n0. Lorenzo hates to clean his room.\n1. Lorenzo hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole dinosaurs were still roaming the Earth suggests that Lorenzo hasn't cleaned his room in a very long time. He did not actually clean his room millions of years ago when dinosaurs existed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. The cell membrane stores nutrients, water, and waste in a plant cell.\n1. The Golgi directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of an animal cell.\n2. The nucleus directs an animal cell's activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. helium (He)\n1. boron trifluoride (BF3)\n2. fluoromethanol (CH3FO)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for fluoromethanol contains four symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, F for fluorine, and O for oxygen. So, fluoromethanol is made of four chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, fluoromethanol is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for helium contains one symbol: He. So, helium is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, helium is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for boron trifluoride contains two symbols: B for boron and F for fluorine. So, boron trifluoride is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, boron trifluoride is a compound, not an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the most flexible?\n\n0. rubber gloves\n1. glass window\n2. rock" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber gloves are the most flexible. If you gently twist rubber, it will not break.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a goat?\n\n0. 30 grams\n1. 30 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a goat is 30 kilograms.\n30 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nland - lilac\n\n0. leaf\n1. local" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince leaf is between the guide words land - lilac, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following statement true or false?\nA plant cell does not have a cell membrane.\n\n0. true\n1. false" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A plant cell does not have a cell membrane.\nThis statement is false. Every cell has a cell membrane. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a magazine?\n\n0. ***Car and Driver***\n1. \"Car and Driver\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A magazine should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Car and Driver**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nI tried to ignore the fresh blueberry pie, but it was ().\n\n0. calling my name\n1. delicious" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase calling my name. It describes the pie as if it were a person who was beckoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nChristine chops onions for the tomato sauce.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, chops. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbaking an apple pie\nusing polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes when it is baked. The crust turns brown, and the apples become soft.\nA tarnished silver spoon is one that has become less shiny over time. Polishing the spoon makes it look shiny again.\nThe polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. So, using polish to remove tarnish from silver is a chemical change.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But polish removing tarnish from a silver spoon is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nYou never even finished law school, so why should I trust you to watch my children?\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that finishing law school determine's one's ability to care for children. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to taking care of children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. When Molly was researching the lives of famous scientists, one source said that Albert Einstein had a speech impediment when he was a child.\n1. When Molly was researching the lives of famous scientists, it said that Albert Einstein had a speech impediment when he was a child." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with one source.\nWhen Molly was researching the lives of famous scientists, one source said that Albert Einstein had a speech impediment when he was a child.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nBecause most wild orchids naturally affix themselves to trees and branches, planting an orchid in soil will likely kill it.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound-complex\n2. complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction because.\nBecause most wild orchids naturally affix themselves to trees and branches, planting an orchid in soil will likely kill it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Max are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Max?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Max.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Max." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Max, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Max down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Max up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Max.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nvain - vinegar\n\n0. very\n1. voyage" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince very is between the guide words vain - vinegar, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Wendy decides to watch the action movie. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Wendy will get to watch a movie with her sister.\n1. Wendy will give up the chance to watch the movie that she is more excited about." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Wendy wants or needs:\nWendy will give up the chance to watch the movie that she is more excited about.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Dalton investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do pie crusts made with white flour burn less quickly when covered with aluminum foil or when left uncovered?\n1. Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly than a pie crust made with whole wheat flour?\n2. Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly when the pie is cooked in a glass pan or in an aluminum pan?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle\nan iceberg melting slowly\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nLoose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nAn iceberg melting is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. An iceberg is made of frozen water. As it melts, the water changes from a solid to a liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nAn iceberg melting is caused by heating. But sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"It was my good luck to have to study for a test while all my friends went to the water park,\" Alec remarked.\n\n0. Alec was upset about staying home.\n1. Alec wanted time to catch up on his responsibilities." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nGood luck ironically suggests that Alec was upset about staying home. Alec was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Juan sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. compound\n1. compound-complex\n2. simple\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Juan sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nStefan tried to ignore his unfinished essay, but it glared at him from across the room.\n\n0. Stefan thought he was being watched.\n1. It bothered Stefan that the essay wasn't finished." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Stefan that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Stefan.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nBrad argues that American schools should offer foreign language classes at every level. I disagree. How could Brad not see the value of learning English?\n\n0. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n2. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Brad claims that Americans should stop learning English and only study foreign languages. However, this misrepresents Brad's argument. Brad only wants more foreign language instruction. He says nothing about eliminating English instruction. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI pulled Harry off the project because his work was sloppy. While we're at it, let's pull Grace off the project, too. I haven't reviewed her work, but she's friends with Harry, so we cannot rely on the quality of her work either.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n2. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Grace's work is low quality because her friend's work is low quality. However, the work of Grace's friend does not necessarily reflect the quality of Grace's work. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sofa?\n\n0. 6 feet\n1. 6 inches\n2. 6 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a sofa is 6 feet.\n6 inches is too short and 6 yards is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\n\"Thank you for your work over the years,\" Mrs. Becker said to her gardener. \"As of next week, however, your services will no longer be required.\"\n\n0. The gardener is retiring.\n1. The gardener is being fired." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism your services will no longer be required means that the gardener is being fired.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nRight-handedness is controlled by genetics, interestingly enough, the same genes are also responsible for the brain becoming more specialized at certain tasks.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nRight-handedness is controlled by genetics, interestingly enough, the same genes are also responsible for the brain becoming more specialized at certain tasks.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nRight-handedness is controlled by genetics. Interestingly enough, the same genes are also responsible for the brain becoming more specialized at certain tasks.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Chester's phenotype for the fur texture trait?\n\n0. rough fur\n1. soft fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Chester's genotype for the fur texture gene is ff. Chester's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for soft fur. So, Chester's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be soft fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Chester's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for soft fur (f) is recessive to the allele for rough fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nChester's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Chester's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be soft fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is harder?\n\n0. wool scarf\n1. asphalt road" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the asphalt road is harder. If you step on asphalt, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a soccer field?\n\n0. 370 miles\n1. 370 yards\n2. 370 feet\n3. 370 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 370 feet.\n370 inches is too short. 370 yards and 370 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, water is a ().\n\n0. reactant\n1. product" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to water in this chemical reaction.\nHydrogen peroxide, a household disinfectant, breaks down into water and oxygen gas over time. Light speeds up this process, so hydrogen peroxide is typically stored in a dark-colored bottle. The bottle's dark coloring blocks light and makes the hydrogen peroxide last longer.\nThe underlined text tells you that hydrogen forms when hydrogen peroxide breaks down. Because water is produced by this chemical reaction, water is a product.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAnd so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you\u2014ask what you can do for your country.\n\u2014President John F. Kennedy, inaugural address\n\n0. assonance\n1. chiasmus" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nThe second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words country and you relative to the first half.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word travesty in its traditional sense?\n\n0. In 1687, John Phillips published a controversial English translation of Cervantes's Don Quixote. Phillips's translation, a travesty of the original story, was filled with vulgar humor.\n1. John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost was first published in 1667. It's a travesty that only thirty-three pages of the original manuscript have survived." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody.\nIn 1687, John Phillips published a controversial English translation of Cervantes's Don Quixote. Phillips's translation, a travesty of the original story, was filled with vulgar humor.\nThe first text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy.\nJohn Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost was first published in 1667. It's a travesty that only thirty-three pages of the original manuscript have survived.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nThe time period after the Civil War is usually called Reconstruction. What does it mean to reconstruct something?\n\n0. to criticize something\n1. to destroy something\n2. to forget something entirely\n3. to build something again" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The prefix re- means \"again.\" The word construct means \"to build.\" So, reconstruct means \"to build something again.\" The Confederate States were in the South. The border states were Southern states that did not join the Confederacy. In 1861, the Civil War started when 11 Southern states seceded, or withdrew from the country. The seceded states tried to form a new country called the Confederate States of America. In 1865, the Confederate states lost the Civil War. During Reconstruction, Americans debated how to bring the Confederate states back into the United States' political and economic systems.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nCyclooctasulfur is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether cyclooctasulfur is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for cyclooctasulfur, S8, contains one atomic symbol: S for sulfur. So, the formula tells you that cyclooctasulfur is composed of only one chemical element.\nSince cyclooctasulfur is composed of only one chemical element, cyclooctasulfur is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMaura has no school spirit\u2014she never comes to any of our football games.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Maura doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Maura doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Gabby investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?\n1. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n2. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Natalie are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Natalie?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Natalie.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Natalie." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Natalie, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Natalie down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Natalie up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Natalie.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work?\nCamus, Albert. \"The Guest.\" Trans. Justin O'Brien. The Oxford Book of French Short Stories. Ed. Elizabeth Fallaize. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print.\n\n0. It has been translated from another language.\n1. It has more than two authors.\n2. Its date of publication is unknown." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nCamus, Albert. \"The Guest.\" Trans. Justin O'Brien. The Oxford Book of French Short Stories. Ed. Elizabeth Fallaize. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print.\nYou can tell that the cited work has been translated from another language because the entry contains the abbreviation Trans., which means translated by.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Georgetown has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Georgetown's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go up.\n1. The supply will probably go down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Georgetown. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nIn 2004, a team of archaeologists discovered a three-foot-tall skeleton, dubbed the \"Hobbit,\" in Indonesia. Even after ten years, experts still debate whether the skeleton belonged to a modern human.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nIn 2004, a team of archaeologists discovered a three-foot-tall skeleton, dubbed the \"Hobbit,\" in Indonesia. Even after ten years, experts still debate whether the skeleton belonged to a modern human.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an apple?\n\n0. 120 kilograms\n1. 120 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an apple is 120 grams.\n120 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na puddle freezing into ice on a cold night\nmixing sand and water\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nA puddle freezing is caused by cooling. But mixing sand and water is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an eraser?\n\n0. 40 kilograms\n1. 40 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an eraser is 40 grams.\n40 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Barn owls walk and fly.\n1. Cedar trees have small leaves." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A cedar tree is a plant. It has small leaves.\nCedar trees grow in many parts of the world. Many cedar trees grow on mountains.\nA barn owl is an animal. It walks and flies.\nA barn owl is a bird. Barn owls live on every continent except Antarctica.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Rhyolite is a solid. It is not a pure substance.\n1. Slate is a solid. It is not made by living things.\n2. Styrofoam is made by humans. It is not a pure substance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nSlate is a rock.\nStyrofoam is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, styrofoam is not a rock.\nRhyolite is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMona grabs her mother's hand.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, grabs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Robert was recently reading about remote mountain villages, and it said that they often have no Internet access. He couldn't imagine life without email!\n1. Robert was recently reading about remote mountain villages, and the article said that they often have no Internet access. He couldn't imagine life without email!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the article.\nRobert was recently reading about remote mountain villages, and the article said that they often have no Internet access. He couldn't imagine life without email!\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nPotassium hydroxide is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether potassium hydroxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for potassium hydroxide, KOH, contains three atomic symbols: K for potassium, O for oxygen, and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that potassium hydroxide is composed of three chemical elements bonded together.\nSince potassium hydroxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium hydroxide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nBobby seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity.\n\n0. Bobby is lazy and uninformed.\n1. Bobby is successful at all that he does." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Bobby is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nIf you're wondering whether purchasing the computer's extended warranty is a wise choice, let me point out that ninety percent of my customers choose to buy it. Don't question the wisdom of the crowd.\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the extended warranty is a wise choice because most customers buy it. However, the fact that many customers purchase the warranty doesn't necessarily make it a good purchase. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ben acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ben's mother speaks one language.\n1. Ben learned to speak two languages in school." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a cold glass of water?\n\n0. 4\u00b0C\n1. 4\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a cold glass of water is 4\u00b0C.\n4\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Kenny decides to take a trip to Arkansas. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Kenny will spend more money. Plane tickets for Kenny to get to Arkansas are more expensive than tickets to Delaware.\n1. Kenny will enjoy his trip to Arkansas more than he would have enjoyed a trip to Delaware." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kenny wants or needs:\nKenny will spend more money. Plane tickets for Kenny to get to Arkansas are more expensive than tickets to Delaware.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Tristan decides to eat the oatmeal cookies. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Tristan will give up the chance to eat the raisins. The raisins would have been healthier than the oatmeal cookies.\n1. Tristan will get to eat the oatmeal cookies. Tristan thinks oatmeal cookies will taste better than raisins would have." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Tristan wants or needs:\nTristan will give up the chance to eat the raisins. The raisins would have been healthier than the oatmeal cookies.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 240-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 25\u00b0C\n1. a 240-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 10\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bottles of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 25\u00b0C bottle of water is hotter than the 10\u00b0C bottle of water, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsave - softly\n\n0. shy\n1. supplies" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince shy is between the guide words save - softly, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a vacuum cleaner?\n\n0. 19 pounds\n1. 19 tons\n2. 19 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a vacuum cleaner is 19 pounds.\n19 ounces is too light and 19 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a raisin?\n\n0. 11 meters\n1. 11 millimeters\n2. 11 kilometers\n3. 11 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a raisin is 11 millimeters.\n11 centimeters, 11 meters, and 11 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Even if most Americans say that they approve of NASA's missions, the organization receives too much public funding.\n1. Almost seventy percent of respondents to a 2011 Pew Research survey said that they value space exploration." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nAlmost seventy percent of respondents to a 2011 Pew Research survey said that they value space exploration.\nIt can be proved by consulting the results of the relevant 2011 survey.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nEven if most Americans say that they approve of NASA's missions, the organization receives too much public funding.\nToo much shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether the amount of funding NASA receives is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Moxie's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a red coat\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Moxie's genotype for the coat color gene is LL. Moxie's genotype of LL has only L allelles. The L allele is for a black coat. So, Moxie's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Moxie's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a red coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nMoxie's genotype of LL has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Moxie's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. The next baseball game.\n1. Polly draws an arrow it points up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The next baseball game is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nOne of the oldest harvest festivals in the world is the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. Which was first celebrated in the tenth century BCE.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nOne of the oldest harvest festivals in the world is the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. Which was first celebrated in the tenth century BCE.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nOne of the oldest harvest festivals in the world is the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival, which was first celebrated in the tenth century BCE.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncedar - county\n\n0. chorus\n1. cafeteria" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chorus is between the guide words cedar - county, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 250-gram baked potato at a temperature of 60\u00b0C\n1. a 250-gram baked potato at a temperature of 40\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two baked potatoes have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 40\u00b0C potato is colder than the 60\u00b0C potato, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Vivian acquired this trait?\n\n0. Vivian learned how to play the cello in music class.\n1. Vivian and her father play the cello together.\n2. Vivian knows how to polish her cello." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMom will pitch the ball to Preston.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pitch. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmixing sand and water\ncarving a piece of wood\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nCarving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nManny will make cookies with his friends.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two geese. Which goose was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a goose that moved 190miles in 5hours\n1. a goose that moved 235miles in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne goose moved 190 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other goose moved 235 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each goose spent the same amount of time moving. The goose that moved 190 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nHydrogen is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether hydrogen is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for hydrogen, H2, contains one atomic symbol: H. So, the formula tells you that hydrogen is composed of only one chemical element.\nSince hydrogen is composed of only one chemical element, hydrogen is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. If Peter doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook.\n1. If Peter doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find it in the cookbook." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the recipe.\nIf Peter doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of armos?\n\n0. 7 cups\n1. 7 fluid ounces\n2. 7 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a thermos is 7 cups.\n7 fluid ounces is too little and 7 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAn avid reader, Darnell attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound\n2. compound-complex\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Darnell attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAlthough Tony hasn't worked in years, his mother prefers to say that he's between jobs right now.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nBetween jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Gabrielle inherited this trait?\n\n0. Gabrielle and her father both have dark hair.\n1. Gabrielle's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Gabrielle." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich baked potato has a lower temperature?\n\n0. the baked potato with more thermal energy\n1. the baked potato with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two baked potatoes are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the baked potato with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nA natural area, such as a grassland, catches fire and burns.\n\n0. volcanic eruption\n1. wildfire\n2. erosion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich part of a conifer makes seeds?\n\n0. the needles\n1. the cones\n2. the roots" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Conifers use their cones to make seeds. Seeds grow inside the female cones.\nMany conifers have thin pointed leaves called needles. The needles make most of the conifer's food. Needles do not make seeds.\nRoots take in water and nutrients from the soil. They do not make seeds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. horse\n1. goat\n2. squirrel\n3. leg" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Horse, squirrel, and goat go together. They are animals. Leg is not an animal, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nI tell Nellie my opinions about her music.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, tell. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Precious's genotype for the fur type gene?\n\n0. FF\n1. straight fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Precious has two alleles for straight fur (F). So, Precious's genotype for the fur type gene is FF.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Cody investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do rubber balloons or foil balloons stick to the wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n1. Do rubber balloons stick to a cotton blanket or a wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n2. Do rubber balloons stick to a wooden door or a metal door longer after being rubbed on his hair?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Over the summer, my cousin Brenna visited many times.\n1. Wanda is from Washington now she lives in Lancaster." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Over the summer, my cousin Brenna visited many times is a complete sentence. The subject is my cousin Brenna, and the verb is visited.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the motorcycle's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the motorcycle and Earth () as Stefan rode up the hill.\n\n0. stayed the same\n1. decreased\n2. increased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth changed.\nThe top of the hill is higher than the bottom of the hill. As Stefan rode toward the top of the hill, the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the motorcycle and Earth increased as Stefan rode up the hill.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. grape juice\n1. water from a faucet\n2. air from a hair dryer\n3. screwdriver" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. A hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much large space.\nThe water from a faucet is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put water from a faucet into a container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nA screwdriver is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. This screwdriver has a metal blade and a plastic handle. Both metal and plastic are solids.\nGrape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nLove is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing.\n\u2014Johann Wolfgang von Goethe\n\n0. assonance\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nGoethe contrasts love, an ideal thing, with marriage, a real thing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nYou've reached Billy Soto's voice mail. Please leave a detailed message at the beep, and I will return your call at my earliest convenience.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two bats. Which bat was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a bat that moved 30miles in 5hours\n1. a bat that moved 40miles in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bat moved 30 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other bat moved 40 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each bat spent the same amount of time moving. The bat that moved 30 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bat must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAndy can ride a motorcycle.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nDevon is good at knitting hats.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Producers don't usually eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are cell parts where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain chlorophyll, which is green. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they make during photosynthesis as food. This food provides the organisms with the energy they need to live.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. Common fig plants are grown around the world for their fruit. The fig plants use carbon dioxide and water to make food.\n1. Double-eyed fig parrots live in the forests of Australia and New Guinea. These parrots rely on figs and other plants for food." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that common fig plants use carbon dioxide and water to make food. This is evidence that the common fig is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the double-eyed fig parrot is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a play?\n\n0. ***Sale or Return***\n1. \"Sale or Return\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A play should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Sale or Return**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jerry acquired this trait?\n\n0. Jerry was not born knowing how to identify different fish. He had to learn this skill.\n1. Jerry has two pet fish. The fish live in a fish tank together." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the whale's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the whale and Earth () as the whale swam toward the surface.\n\n0. increased\n1. stayed the same\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the whale and the center of Earth changed.\nThe surface of the water is higher than the point where the whale was swimming deep in the ocean. As the whale swam toward the surface, the distance between the whale and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the whale and Earth increased as the whale swam toward the surface.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Conglomerate is not made by living things. It is formed in nature.\n1. An eggshell is made by a living thing. It is a solid.\n2. Pumice is not a pure substance. It is not made by living things." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nConglomerate is a rock.\nAn eggshell is made by a living thing. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, an eggshell is not a rock.\nPumice is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to do ten jumping jacks?\n\n0. 26 seconds\n1. 26 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to do ten jumping jacks is 26 seconds.\n26 minutes is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Last winter, Levi took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\n1. Last winter, Levi took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Levi tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Levi took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe second text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Levi's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Levi took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. Our car was stuck in traffic we were late.\n1. A strong, bold girl." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A strong, bold girl is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nLee lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nLee lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Lee lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A pure substance is made of only one type of matter.\nA mixture is made of two or more types of matter mixed together.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mixture.\n\n0. cereal\n1. carbon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nI tell Jayla my opinions about her music.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, tell. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nvelvet - vote\n\n0. victory\n1. vase" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince victory is between the guide words velvet - vote, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"Bryan's personality is very Jekyll and Hyde,\" Marie told her brother.\n\n0. literature\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a play?\n\n0. Alice in Space\n1. alice in Space" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word in is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Alice in Space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nTo err is human, to forgive, divine.\n\u2014Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nPope contrasts two ideas, erring and forgiving.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is more flexible?\n\n0. rock wall\n1. clay ball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the clay ball is more flexible. If you squeeze a ball of wet clay, it will not break easily.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a song?\n\n0. \"Do Your Ears Hang Low?\"\n1. Do Your Ears Hang Low?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Do Your Ears Hang Low?\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentences.\nAccording to the Tenth Amendment, the Constitution lists all of the powers given to the United States government. Any power not listed in the Constitution belongs to either the state governments or ().\n\n0. the American people\n1. the king or queen of Great Britain\n2. private businesses\n3. the military" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "According to the Tenth Amendment, the Constitution lists all of the powers given to the United States government. Any power not listed in the Constitution belongs to either the state governments or the American people. The full text of the Tenth Amendment is below. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sunflower seed?\n\n0. 12 millimeters\n1. 12 meters\n2. 12 centimeters\n3. 12 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a sunflower seed is 12 millimeters.\n12 centimeters, 12 meters, and 12 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nLeo picked up his pace on the trail as his spidey sense began to tingle.\n\n0. a comic book\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nBernard once fell asleep with the window open and woke up with a horrible migraine. Since then, he's always made sure to close his window before going to sleep.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n2. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that an open window caused Bernard's migraine. However, that's not necessarily true. For instance, the migraine might have occurred for no particular reason while the window happened to be open. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nscream - slide\n\n0. suitcase\n1. shallow" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince shallow is between the guide words scream - slide, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nPamela knows how to type.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to type. Instead, many people learn how to type. So, typing is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nDo you know if it's possible to make seawater safe for drinking?\n\n0. interrogative\n1. imperative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a caterpillar?\n\n0. 21 meters\n1. 21 centimeters\n2. 21 millimeters\n3. 21 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a caterpillar is 21 millimeters.\n21 centimeters, 21 meters, and 21 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Cleaned the cabin for Mrs. Copeland's family.\n1. Zoe rode downhill on her bicycle she held onto the handles." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Zoe rode downhill on her bicycle she held onto the handles is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Zoe rode downhill on her bicycle and She held onto the handles.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbaking a loaf of bread\nmelting glass\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking a loaf of bread is a chemical change. The type of matter in the dough changes when it is baked. The dough turns into bread!\nMelting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nMelting glass is a physical change. But baking bread is not.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBaking bread is a chemical change. But melting glass is not.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Celsius (\u00b0C). Celsius is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Celsius scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 30 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 30\u00b0C.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 25\u00b0C\n1. 50\u00b0C\n2. 15\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 25. So, the temperature is 25\u00b0C.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. When Molly and her sister flew to Hawaii last month, the airline lost her baggage.\n1. The airline lost Molly's baggage when she flew to Hawaii with her sister last month." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Molly's or her sister's.\nWhen Molly and her sister flew to Hawaii last month, the airline lost her baggage.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe airline lost Molly's baggage when she flew to Hawaii with her sister last month.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Eva and her husband met Amy for lunch at a small caf\u00e9 around the block from her office.\n1. Eva and her husband met Amy for lunch at a small caf\u00e9 around the block from Amy's office." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Eva or Amy.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Her has been replaced with Amy's.\nEva and her husband met Amy for lunch at a small caf\u00e9 around the block from Amy's office.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an eyelash?\n\n0. 8 kilometers\n1. 8 meters\n2. 8 centimeters\n3. 8 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an eyelash is 8 millimeters.\n8 centimeters, 8 meters, and 8 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nJuan's remark about your new car is clearly a case of sour grapes.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. a fable" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion sour grapes is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Fox and the Grapes,\" a fox tries unsuccessfully to reach a bunch of grapes. Because he cannot reach them and therefore cannot eat them, he tells himself that they must be sour.\nThe allusion sour grapes means criticizing something because you can't have it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. methane (CH4)\n1. water (H2O)\n2. zinc (Zn)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for water contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, water is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, water is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for zinc contains one symbol: Zn. So, zinc is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, zinc is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for methane contains two symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, methane is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, methane is a compound, not an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMrs. Crosby decided not to argue with the name her daughter had chosen for their new kitten, figuring it was a matter of a rose by any other name.\n\n0. U.S. history\n1. Shakespeare" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to drink a small glass of water?\n\n0. 40 seconds\n1. 40 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to drink a small glass of water is 40 seconds.\n40 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nRight after Marvin moved into the apartment, our washing machine broke. He'd better tell us how he broke it.\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Marvin is responsible for the broken washing machine. However, the fact that the machine stopped working soon after Marvin moved in doesn't necessarily mean that he caused the machine to break. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nKevin lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nKevin lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds.\nThis passage tells you about the usual clouds where Kevin lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Gabby acquired this trait?\n\n0. Gabby was not born knowing how to identify different bird calls. She had to learn this skill.\n1. Gabby likes to photograph birds at the zoo." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word pour on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npatience - pulley\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pour is between the guide words patience - pulley, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. flower pot\n1. computer\n2. raspberry bush\n3. airplane" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An airplane is not a living thing.\nAn airplane does not have all the traits of a living thing. It needs energy to fly, but it does not eat food. Airplanes get energy from gasoline or other fuel. They do not grow.\nA raspberry bush is a living thing.\nRaspberry bushes grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Raspberry bushes are made up of many cells.\nRaspberry bushes are plants. They make their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight.\nA computer is not a living thing.\nA computer does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water.\nA flower pot is not a living thing.\nFlower pots do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a test tube?\n\n0. 11 milliliters\n1. 11 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a test tube is 11 milliliters.\n11 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which people have difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep.\n1. People who have a sleep disorder called insomnia sometimes can't fall asleep or stay asleep." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (can't).\nThe first sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Tara investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n1. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?\n2. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Mr. Carter,\n1. Dear mr. carter," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Carter is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a human front tooth?\n\n0. 11 kilometers\n1. 11 meters\n2. 11 millimeters\n3. 11 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a human front tooth is 11 millimeters.\n11 centimeters, 11 meters, and 11 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Letters and packages were sent to the mail room from a chute on the fourth floor.\n1. After Shelby returned from the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, she showed Emmett and Justine pictures of all the exotic animals." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction after.\nAfter Shelby returned from the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, she showed Emmett and Justine pictures of all the exotic animals.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nravenous - rise\n\n0. reform\n1. rudder" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince reform is between the guide words ravenous - rise, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs carrying groceries a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether carrying groceries is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs carrying groceries something you can touch? No.\nIs carrying groceries a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, carrying groceries is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Herman seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites.\n1. Herman subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nHerman seemed to know a lot about African wildlife, but it turned out that his knowledge was mostly based on factoids gleaned from unreliable websites.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nHerman subscribed to an online newsletter about African wildlife; he enjoyed receiving daily factoids about the wild animals' natural habitats and behavior.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nDarnel has naturally black hair.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Darnel's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a clock a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a clock is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a clock something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a clock a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a clock is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Aquamarine is not made by living things. It is formed in nature.\n1. Cotton is made by living things. It is not a pure substance.\n2. Biotite is a solid. It is a pure substance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nAquamarine is a mineral.\nBiotite is a mineral.\nCotton is made by living things. But minerals are not made by living things.\nCotton is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, cotton is not a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDid you really vote for Jayce as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Jayce can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Jayce can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMayor Hoffman wants to create more bicycle lanes in Norwood. Why is he forcing us to give up our cars and bike everywhere?\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that creating more bike lanes means that Mayor Hoffman thinks that everyone should ride bicycles instead of cars. However, the fact that Mayor Hoffman wants more bike lanes doesn't necessarily suggest that the mayor is opposed to other forms of transportation. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsnails growing shells\nphotosynthesis\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nSnails growing shells is a chemical change. A snail's body uses calcium from its food to make a new molecule called calcium carbonate. This calcium carbonate is used to grow the shell.\nPhotosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich press release is more formal?\n\n0. On November 19, the Campbell Amphitheater will host area musicians vying for top honors in the fourth annual Jam-a-thon.\n1. On Nov. 19, musicians from all over town will battle it out in the fourth annual Jam-a-thon, happening at the amphitheater." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first press release is more formal. It uses more elevated language (area musicians, top honors). The other press release uses idioms (battle it out) and abbreviations (Nov.).\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe soul is born old but grows young. That is the comedy of life. And the body is born young and grows old. That is life's tragedy.\n\u2014Oscar Wilde, A Woman of No Importance\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nThe third sentence reverses the order of the words old and young relative to the first sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nVijay starts to pull the wagon across the yard. To move the wagon at the same speed each time, which friend does Vijay need to pull with a larger force?\n\n0. a friend who weighs 21 pounds\n1. a friend who weighs 28 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the friend who is heavier.\nA friend who weighs 28 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 21 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Vijay needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 28 pounds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nCaleb described the situation he was facing with his boss as a catch-22.\n\n0. literature\n1. a poem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion catch-22 is literature.\nJoseph Heller coined the term \"catch-22\" in his 1961 novel of the same name. In the novel, if an army pilot wants to avoid dangerous missions, he must be deemed mentally unfit; however, his desire to stay safe proves his sanity, so he can never be excused from a mission. Heller called this sort of predicament or dilemma a catch-22.\nThe allusion catch-22 means a no-win situation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. \"Strong to the Hoop\"\n1. ***Strong to the Hoop***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Strong to the Hoop**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nAgainst all odds, the () train eventually reached the crest of the hill.\n\n0. run-down\n1. wheezing" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word wheezing. It describes the train as if it were a person who is out of breath.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a metaphor?\n\n0. Mr. Holland's long legs were sunflower stalks.\n1. Mr. Holland's legs were as long as sunflower stalks." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a metaphor:\nMr. Holland's long legs were sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nMr. Holland's legs were as long as sunflower stalks.\nThe words legs and sunflower stalks are compared using the word as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nA tiny creature creeps along the vine.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, creeps. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the reptile.\n\n0. green frog\n1. olive toad\n2. Nile crocodile\n3. salmon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An olive toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA green frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both fresh water and salt water.\nA Nile crocodile is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nCrocodiles hunt their prey in or near water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. The odor emanating from the landfill made Wendy so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\n1. Wendy couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nWendy couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe first text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Wendy so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmixing sand and gravel\ncrushing a mineral into powder\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and gravel is a physical change. Together, the sand and gravel make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nCrushing a mineral into powder is a physical change. The mineral breaks into tiny pieces. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe Thompson family is going to spend two weeks in Ocean City, but for Darell it will be a working vacation, since he'll be checking in with the office every day.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a small candy bar?\n\n0. 50 kilograms\n1. 50 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a small candy bar is 50 grams.\n50 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nLucy and Carly will plant the seeds.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, plant. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nnibble - nugget\n\n0. narrow\n1. nostril" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nostril is between the guide words nibble - nugget, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nIf the government is allowed to start blocking websites, then soon they'll start banning books, and all we'll have to read is propaganda.\n\n0. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that blocking websites will eventually lead to having only propaganda to read. However, this isn't necessarily true. This argument offers only one extreme and unlikely outcome. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. The eardrum is a part of the ear.\n1. Gives the baby a bath." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The eardrum is a part of the ear is a complete sentence. The subject is the eardrum, and the verb is is.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 200-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 15\u00b0C\n1. a 200-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 5\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of grape juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 5\u00b0C glass of grape juice is colder than the 15\u00b0C glass of grape juice, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMrs. McKenzie decided not to argue with the name her daughter had chosen for their new kitten, figuring it was a matter of a rose by any other name.\n\n0. U.S. history\n1. Shakespeare" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the water in a hot bath?\n\n0. 40\u00b0F\n1. 40\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the water in a hot bath is 40\u00b0C.\n40\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the hyperbole in this text suggest?\nAfter he finished the marathon, Dean collapsed into a chair and declared that he could no longer move a single muscle.\n\n0. Dean was very tired and sore.\n1. Dean became paralyzed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nThe hyperbole could no longer move a single muscle suggests that Dean was very tired and sore. His muscles were not literally incapable of moving.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Precious's phenotype for the fur type trait?\n\n0. straight fur\n1. curly fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Precious's genotype for the fur type gene is FF. Precious's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for straight fur. So, Precious's phenotype for the fur type trait must be straight fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Precious's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for curly fur (f) is recessive to the allele for straight fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nPrecious's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Precious's phenotype for the fur type trait must be straight fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nThe Eighth Amendment prevents the government from using any \"cruel and unusual ()\".\n\n0. punishments\n1. taxes\n2. technologies" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Eighth Amendment prevents the government from using any \"cruel and unusual punishments.\" What makes a punishment \"cruel or unusual\"? The answer is not clear. The Eighth Amendment doesn't talk about specific punishments. Over time, Americans have changed their views on what is cruel and unusual. For example, the government decided in 2005 that it was cruel to put someone to death for a crime he or she committed before the age of 18. Today, Americans continue to question what is cruel and unusual. In the future, some punishments used today may be outlawed. The text of the Eighth Amendment is below. Does it have rules against anything else? Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nThe maple leaf, which i Canada's national emblem, has been associated with the country since the 1700s.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. compound\n2. complex\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nThe maple leaf, which is Canada's national emblem, has been associated with the country since the 1700 s.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMrs. Lowery decided not to argue with the name her daughter had chosen for their new kitten, figuring it was a matter of a rose by any other name.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion a rose by any other name is Shakespeare.\nIn Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the two central characters are denied their love because they belong to warring families, the Montagues and Capulets. Juliet wonders how a mere family name can make someone an enemy, observing that a rose would smell sweet no matter what its name.\nThe allusion a rose by any other name means something so special that what it's called seems unimportant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nBecause penguins are frightened by humans and difficult to approach, researchers from the University of Strasbourg used remote-controlled rovers outfitted as baby penguins to study their subjects.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nBecause penguins are frightened by humans and difficult to approach, researchers from the University of Strasbourg used remote-controlled rovers outfitted as baby penguins to study their subjects.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a magazine?\n\n0. \"Horse and Rider\"\n1. ***Horse and Rider***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A magazine should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Horse and Rider**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na puddle freezing into ice on a cold night\nbeating an egg\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nBeating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nA puddle freezing is caused by cooling. But beating an egg is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work?\nEncyclopedia of Indiana. New York: Somerset Publishers, 1993. Print.\n\n0. Somerset is the place of publication.\n1. It has no author.\n2. It was published in 1983." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nEncyclopedia of Indiana. New York: Somerset Publishers, 1993. Print.\nYou can tell that the cited work has no author because no name appears before the title, which is in italics.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nSmall pieces of rock are carried away by water.\n\n0. volcanic eruption\n1. erosion\n2. earthquake" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nMia, please stay away from the ocean. You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nYou shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim at first appears to be contradictory, because it is impossible to learn how to swim without going in the water. However, it contains some truth: you should not go into deep or dangerous water without first knowing how to swim.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nDave can fly an airplane.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to fly an airplane. Instead, some people learn how to fly airplanes. So, flying an airplane is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbaseball - bottom\n\n0. blow\n1. brown" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince blow is between the guide words baseball - bottom, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a coffee pot?\n\n0. 12 fluid ounces\n1. 12 cups\n2. 12 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a coffee pot is 12 cups.\n12 fluid ounces is too little and 12 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Ruben investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do watercolor paintings dry faster when placed next to a fan?\n1. Does a large watercolor painting or a small watercolor painting dry faster?\n2. Do watercolor paintings dry faster when they are placed inside or outside?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAntonio took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound-complex\n2. complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nAntonio took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncommon - current\n\n0. craft\n1. chilly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince craft is between the guide words common - current, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The blouse looks lovely with that skirt, but it costs too much.\n1. Although the blouse costs too much, it does look lovely with that skirt." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the blouse or the skirt.\nThe blouse looks lovely with that skirt, but it costs too much.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nAlthough the blouse costs too much, it does look lovely with that skirt.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two ships. Which ship was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a ship that moved 60miles in 5hours\n1. a ship that moved 75miles in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne ship moved 75 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other ship moved 60 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each ship spent the same amount of time moving. The ship that moved 75 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on the leash are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the leash?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the leash.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the leash." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on the leash, look at the forces:\nDaisy is pulling the leash forward with a force of 250 N.\nCamilla is pulling the leash backward with a force of 180 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 250 N and 180 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the leash.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. komodo dragon\n1. tiger\n2. gray crowned crane\n3. mosquito" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A mosquito is an insect. Like other insects, a mosquito is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA tiger is a mammal. Like other mammals, a tiger is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA komodo dragon is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a komodo dragon is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA gray crowned crane is a bird. Like other birds, a gray crowned crane is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Jennifer decides to join the Photography Club. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Jennifer will spend more time in the Photography Club than she would have spent in the Theater Club.\n1. Jennifer will have more fun in the Photography Club than she would have had in the Theater Club." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jennifer wants or needs:\nJennifer will spend more time in the Photography Club than she would have spent in the Theater Club.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kendall acquired this trait?\n\n0. Kendall's friends like to make chili with her.\n1. Kendall learned how to make chili from a recipe book.\n2. When Kendall was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\n0. The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Logan's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal.\n1. The curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Logan literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Logan literally had to drink three glasses of milk to ease the pain.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Logan's mouth may be in pain, but it is not actually on fire.\nThe curry that the chef prepared was so spicy that Logan's mouth was literally on fire by the time he finished his meal.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. goat\n1. rob\n2. sob" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words sob and rob rhyme. They both end with the ob sound.\nThe word goat does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air inside of a freezer?\n\n0. 17\u00b0C\n1. 17\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air inside of a freezer is 17\u00b0F.\n17\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. grass\n1. cookie\n2. cake\n3. ice cream" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cake, ice cream, and cookie go together. They are sweet things. Grass is not a sweet thing, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a car key?\n\n0. 6 meters\n1. 6 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a car key is 6 centimeters.\n6 meters is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Jon custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Lancaster.\n1. Jon bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Lancaster." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nJon custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Lancaster.\nThe second text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Jon's coffee table is an interesting style, but it was made in a factory and is probably not actually one of a kind.\nJon bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Lancaster.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook.\nBelow are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list.\nBooks:\nFormat | Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.\nExample | Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print.\nEssays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title.\" Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | James, Henry. \"The Middle Years.\" The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print.\nMagazine and newspaper articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. \"The Real Cost of Coal.\" New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.\nJournal articles:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Article Title.\" Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication.\nExample | Gillette, Jane, et al. \"Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning.\" Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print.\nWeb pages:\nFormat | Author(s). \"Page Title.\" Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.\nExample | Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. \"How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet.\" Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.\nAdditional guidelines:\nAuthor Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by \"et al.,\" which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.).\nMedium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are \"Print\" and \"Web,\" but other possibilities include \"Film,\" \"E-mail,\" and \"Lecture.\" Whenever the Medium of Publication is \"Web,\" the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication.\nEditors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. \"Ed.\" stands for edited by. \"Trans.\" stands for translated by.\nMissing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation \"n. pag.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation \"n.d.\" is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation \"n.p.\" is used instead.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work?\nAllawi, Ali A. Faisali of Iraq. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014. Print.\n\n0. Ali is the author's last name.\n1. Allawi is the author's last name.\n2. Faisali is the author's last name." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look closely at the Works Cited entry:\nAllawi, Ali A. Faisali of Iraq. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014. Print.\nYou can tell that the author's last name is Allawi because the author's name appears last name first at the beginning of the entry.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe Olsen family is going to spend two weeks in Ocean City, but for Ivan it will be a working vacation, since he'll be checking in with the office every day.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Norma didn't enter student politics until her junior year.\n1. Norma did not enter student politics until her junior year." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a ship that moved 130kilometers south in 5hours\n1. a ship that moved 220kilometers east in 5hours\n2. a ship that moved 80kilometers north in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each ship moved for 5 hours. The ship that moved 80 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nShannon warned her youngest son not to cry wolf while wrestling with his older brother.\n\n0. a fable\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion cry wolf is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Boy Who Cried Wolf,\" a shepherd boy repeatedly tricks people in his village by falsely claiming that a wolf is coming to eat his flock. When a wolf actually comes and the boy cries for help, nobody believes him or comes to his aid.\nThe allusion cry wolf means to raise a false alarm.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMr. Kemp argues that we need to do more to prevent workplace injuries and fatalities. I doubt that someone so socially awkward would know a thing about office safety.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Kemp's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fly's phenotype for the wing type trait?\n\n0. normal wings\n1. vestigial wings" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine the fruit fly's phenotype for the wing type trait. First, consider the alleles in the fly's genotype for the wing type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for vestigial wings (n) is recessive to the allele for normal wings (N). This means N is a dominant allele, and n is a recessive allele.\nThe fruit fly's genotype of Nn has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the wing type trait must be normal wings.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nThe First Amendment says that the government cannot take away a person's () or freedom of religion.\n\n0. freedom of speech\n1. right to own weapons\n2. right to vote" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The First Amendment says that the government cannot take away a person's freedom of speech or freedom of religion. In the United States, voting rights are not a part of freedom of speech. Freedom of speech means that Americans can say and write what they want. But there are some limits on freedom of speech. For example, a person cannot write lies about someone in a newspaper. But the government cannot stop speech just because someone disagrees with it. Freedom of religion means a person can choose his or her own religion. In the United States, the government cannot tell a person what to believe. The complete text of the First Amendment is below. Does it mention any other rights? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the part whose main job is to help a plant cell make proteins.\n\n0. cytoplasm\n1. endoplasmic reticulum\n2. mitochondria\n3. cell wall" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The endoplasmic reticulum helps the cell make proteins. Instructions for making proteins are sent to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum and use the instructions to make proteins.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the part that contains the information that a plant cell uses for growth and activities.\n\n0. chloroplasts\n1. chromosomes\n2. mitochondria\n3. Golgi" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Chromosomes contain the information that the cell uses for growth and activities. This information helps control what the cell does and how it grows and develops.\nIn plant and animal cells, the chromosomes are inside the nucleus.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\n\nQuestion:\nLook at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?\nhi\n\n0. open\n1. closed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The word hi ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWalter lives in a city where the wind often blows from the south throughout the year.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWalter lives in a city where the wind often blows from the south throughout the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Walter lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is smoother?\n\n0. burlap sack\n1. cardboard" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cardboard is smoother. If you touch a cardboard box like this one, it will not feel rough or bumpy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\n\"You might think you'll always be young,\" Mrs. Sheppard counseled, \"but time ()\".\n\n0. affects everyone\n1. creeps up on you" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase creeps up on you. It describes time as if it were a sneaky person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Basil's phenotype for the eye color trait?\n\n0. brown eyes\n1. red eyes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Basil's genotype for the eye color gene is ee. Basil's genotype of ee has only e alleles. The e allele is for red eyes. So, Basil's phenotype for the eye color trait must be red eyes.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Basil's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for brown eyes (E) is dominant over the allele for red eyes (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nBasil's genotype of ee has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Basil's phenotype for the eye color trait must be red eyes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nScarlett told her friends that Kevin was a typical Peter Pan type.\n\n0. literature\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.\nIn a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.\nThe allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs fixing a computer a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether fixing a computer is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs fixing a computer something you can touch? No.\nIs fixing a computer a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, fixing a computer is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nJackie lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nJackie lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Jackie lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kari acquired this trait?\n\n0. Kari's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree.\n1. Some scars fade more quickly than others." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nThe new blanket was as soft as a kitten's fur.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The new blanket was as soft as a kitten's fur.\nThe words blanket and fur are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nTrent's '64 Impala groaned as he turned the ignition. Yet again he resolved to refurbish it over the summer.\n\n0. personification\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nTrent's '64 Impala groaned describes the car as if it were human.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nusing polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon\na piece of avocado turning brown\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA tarnished silver spoon is one that has become less shiny over time. Polishing the spoon makes it look shiny again.\nThe polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. So, using polish to remove tarnish from silver is a chemical change.\nA piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of an article?\n\n0. \"Caring for Our Children\"\n1. Caring for Our Children" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Caring for Our Children.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Bonnie inherited this trait?\n\n0. Bonnie's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Bonnie.\n1. Bonnie and her mother both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a leather belt?\n\n0. 85 kilometers\n1. 85 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a leather belt is 85 centimeters.\n85 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Tom was recently reading about remote mountain villages, and it said that they often have no Internet access. He couldn't imagine life without email!\n1. Tom was recently reading about remote mountain villages, and the article said that they often have no Internet access. He couldn't imagine life without email!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the article.\nTom was recently reading about remote mountain villages, and the article said that they often have no Internet access. He couldn't imagine life without email!\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nHarry's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. \"Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing\"\n1. ***Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word pouch on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npicture - profit\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pouch is between the guide words picture - profit, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Helen decides to bake cranberry muffins. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Helen will get to eat more muffins. She can make more cranberry muffins than chocolate muffins.\n1. Helen will give up the chance to eat chocolate muffins. She thinks chocolate muffins are tastier than cranberry muffins." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Helen wants or needs:\nHelen will give up the chance to eat chocolate muffins. She thinks chocolate muffins are tastier than cranberry muffins.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nThe floor of a valley is covered by water after a heavy rainfall.\n\n0. wildfire\n1. flood\n2. volcanic eruption" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npassage - pigeon\n\n0. puppet\n1. phantom" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince phantom is between the guide words passage - pigeon, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Judy inherited this trait?\n\n0. Judy's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Judy.\n1. Judy and her mother both wear their hair in braids." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Anne decides to go on the spinning teacups. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Anne will give up the chance to go on the scrambler. She would have had more fun on that ride.\n1. Anne will save some ride tickets. She needs fewer tickets to go on the spinning teacups than on the scrambler." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Anne wants or needs:\nAnne will give up the chance to go on the scrambler. She would have had more fun on that ride.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Mabel investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?\n1. Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?\n2. Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a bowl of ice cream?\n\n0. 39\u00b0C\n1. 39\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a bowl of ice cream is 39\u00b0F.\n39\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. Plant cells can have a nucleus but do not have chloroplasts.\n1. The Golgi packages proteins and other substances and directs them to different parts of a plant cell.\n2. In an animal cell, the vacuoles contain the master plan for cell activities and cell development." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nBridget felt intimidated by the steep cliff that she faced on her first rock-climbing adventure.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. interrogative\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMrs. Leonard is kind, and her heart is gold.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mrs. Leonard is kind, and her heart is gold.\nThe words heart and gold are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Troy decides to see the otters. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Troy will save some time. The otters are close by, but he would have had to walk to the the other side of the zoo to see the lemurs.\n1. Troy will give up the chance to see the lemurs. He would have enjoyed seeing them more than the otters." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Troy wants or needs:\nTroy will give up the chance to see the lemurs. He would have enjoyed seeing them more than the otters.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the flower color trait?\n\n0. white flowers\n1. red flowers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The scarlet rosemallow plant's genotype for the flower color gene is ff. The scarlet rosemallow plant's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for white flowers. So, the scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait must be white flowers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the scarlet rosemallow plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for red flowers (F) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe scarlet rosemallow plant's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the scarlet rosemallow plant's phenotype for the flower color trait must be white flowers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nPotassium chloride is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether potassium chloride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for potassium chloride, KCl, contains two atomic symbols: K for potassium and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that potassium chloride is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince potassium chloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium chloride is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Denise inherited this trait?\n\n0. Denise's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail.\n1. Denise's biological parents have red hair. Denise also has red hair.\n2. Denise's neighbor also has straight hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nChicken cooking in an oven is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nAudrey finally found her phone () under the bed.\n\n0. missing\n1. hiding" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word hiding. It describes the phone as if it were a person who is hiding.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word children on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncarriage - cloak\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince children is between the guide words carriage - cloak, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Cheyenne's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a black coat\n1. a red coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cheyenne's genotype for the coat color gene is ll. Cheyenne's genotype of ll has only l alleles. The l allele is for a red coat. So, Cheyenne's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a red coat.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Cheyenne's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a red coat (l) is recessive to the allele for a black coat (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nCheyenne's genotype of ll has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Cheyenne's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a red coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a kitchen sink?\n\n0. 22 liters\n1. 22 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a kitchen sink is 22 liters.\n22 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nBlue Moon, you saw me standing alone\nWithout a dream in my heart,\nWithout a love of my own.\n\u2014Lorenz Hart, \"Blue Moon\"\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nBlue Moon is a direct address to the moon, a nonhuman entity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndad - distant\n\n0. drive\n1. deserve" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince deserve is between the guide words dad - distant, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nHow do I know that Beth is the most intelligent person in our geometry class? I know because she's so smart.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Beth is intelligent because she's smart. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Scott sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. complex\n1. compound-complex\n2. compound\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Scott sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. dung beetle\n1. rainbow boa\n2. curlyhair tarantula\n3. monarch butterfly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A monarch butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a monarch butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA rainbow boa is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a rainbow boa is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA dung beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a dung beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other tarantulas, a curlyhair tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Rafi investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Are dishes cleaner when washed with liquid dish detergent or with bar soap?\n1. Are dishes washed in a dishwasher cleaner than dishes washed by hand?\n2. Are dishes cleaner when washed with a soapy sponge or with a soapy rag?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a goat?\n\n0. 34 kilograms\n1. 34 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a goat is 34 kilograms.\n34 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a warm, sunny day?\n\n0. 28\u00b0F\n1. 28\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a warm, sunny day is 28\u00b0C.\n28\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paintbrush?\n\n0. 29 meters\n1. 29 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 29 centimeters.\n29 meters is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhere were the effects of the Great Depression felt?\n\n0. The Great Depression was felt only in the Western Hemisphere.\n1. The Great Depression only affected the United States.\n2. The Great Depression's impact was limited to North American countries.\n3. The Great Depression affected countries around the world." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Great Depression affected countries around the world. But some were hit harder than others. Many historians think the effects of the Great Depression were worst in the United States. There, the Depression lasted for more than ten years.\nIn some other countries, the Depression was much shorter. In Sweden and Germany, for example, the Great Depression ended by 1936. Other countries, like Japan and the Soviet Union, were not strongly affected by the Great Depression.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a cherry pie?\n\n0. 2 tons\n1. 2 ounces\n2. 2 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a cherry pie is 2 pounds.\n2 ounces is too light and 2 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Shannon acquired this trait?\n\n0. Last summer, Shannon's neighbor showed her how to grow sunflowers.\n1. Both Shannon and her father grow sunflowers.\n2. Shannon likes to visit sunflower fields." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe gardener struggled to tame the () vines.\n\n0. overwhelming\n1. merciless" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word merciless. It describes the vines as if they were people without mercy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a sailboat that moved 70kilometers south in 5hours\n1. a sailboat that moved 50kilometers south in 5hours\n2. a sailboat that moved 65kilometers east in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each sailboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each sailboat moved for 5 hours. The sailboat that moved 70 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Sphalerite is a solid. It is a pure substance.\n1. Paper is not a pure substance. It is a solid.\n2. Pyrite is not made by living things. It is formed in nature." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nPyrite is a mineral.\nPaper is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, paper is not a mineral.\nSphalerite is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nHazel has no school spirit\u2014she never comes to any of our football games.\n\n0. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Hazel doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Hazel doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nCindy groaned as her shrill alarm clock ().\n\n0. went off\n1. sprang to life" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase sprang to life. It describes Cindy's clock as if it were an energetic person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a motorcycle a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a motorcycle is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a motorcycle something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a motorcycle a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a motorcycle is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nTroy seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity.\n\n0. Troy is lazy and uninformed.\n1. Troy is successful at all that he does." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Troy is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Joy investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?\n1. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool?\n2. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a potato?\n\n0. 16 centimeters\n1. 16 kilometers\n2. 16 millimeters\n3. 16 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a potato is 16 centimeters.\n16 millimeters is too short. 16 meters and 16 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nSofia asked her mother if she could adopt a cat, and her mother replied, \"It's a definite maybe,\" so Sofia didn't want to get her hopes up.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDefinite maybe is a contradiction, because definite describes something that is sure, and maybe refers to something that is unsure.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\n\"I can't believe I tripped,\" Aiden remarked. \"The curb must have ()\".\n\n0. jumped out in front of me\n1. had an uneven surface" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase jumped out in front of me. It describes the curb as if it were a mischievous, unpredictable person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Petunia's genotype for the fleece type gene?\n\n0. FF\n1. a hairy fleece" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Petunia has two alleles for a hairy fleece (F). So, Petunia's genotype for the fleece type gene is FF.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that Joseph's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between Joseph and Earth () as he hiked toward the summit.\n\n0. increased\n1. stayed the same\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between Joseph and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Joseph started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Joseph and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Joseph and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the bird.\n\n0. red-eyed tree frog\n1. harbor seal\n2. Steller's sea eagle\n3. humpback whale" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWhales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth.\nA red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nA red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves.\nA harbor seal is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSeals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach.\nA Steller's sea eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nSea eagles use their sharp beaks to eat fish and other birds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a simile?\n\n0. Joe's eyes are as green as emeralds.\n1. Joe's eyes are bright green emeralds." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a simile:\nJoe's eyes are as green as emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nJoe's eyes are bright green emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared without the word like or as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. When Erica and her sister flew to Hawaii last month, the airline lost her baggage.\n1. The airline lost Erica's baggage when she flew to Hawaii with her sister last month." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Erica's or her sister's.\nWhen Erica and her sister flew to Hawaii last month, the airline lost her baggage.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nThe airline lost Erica's baggage when she flew to Hawaii with her sister last month.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsewing an apron\nmixing lettuce and salad dressing\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nSewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change.\nMixing lettuce and salad dressing is a physical change. Together, the salad and dressing make a mixture. But making this mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to mow the lawn?\n\n0. 30 minutes\n1. 30 seconds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to mow the lawn is 30 minutes.\n30 seconds is too fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nNellie learns about her ancestors in the book.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, learns. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a carton of orange juice?\n\n0. 2 liters\n1. 2 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a carton of orange juice is 2 liters.\n2 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text message is more formal?\n\n0. Heads up! Schmidt is here. In the lobby.\n1. Ms. Schmidt is already here. She's waiting in the lobby." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Schmidt). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Mona decides to go on the super starship. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Mona will have more fun on the super starship than she would have had on the pirate ship.\n1. Mona will spend more ride tickets on the super starship than she would have spent on the pirate ship." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mona wants or needs:\nMona will spend more ride tickets on the super starship than she would have spent on the pirate ship.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThe humidity is low where Brody lives. So, the air is usually dry.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThe humidity is low where Brody lives. So, the air is usually dry.\nHumidity is the amount of water in the air.\nThis passage tells you about the usual humidity where Brody lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Richmond. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Richmond?\n\n0. The supply probably went down.\n1. The supply probably went up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The population of Richmond fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Richmond has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a soccer field?\n\n0. 390 inches\n1. 390 yards\n2. 390 miles\n3. 390 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 390 feet.\n390 inches is too short. 390 yards and 390 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nHe had wasted too many opportunities, and now his last chance was ().\n\n0. nearly gone\n1. walking out the door" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase walking out the door. It describes the last chance as if it were a person who was leaving a building.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word middle on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmeadow - mole\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince middle is between the guide words meadow - mole, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to fry an egg in a pan?\n\n0. 5 hours\n1. 5 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to fry an egg in a pan is 5 minutes.\n5 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. fake\n1. lake\n2. bike" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words fake and lake rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe word bike does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Tora's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. aa\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Tora's observable version of the coat pattern trait is a black coat. So, Tora's phenotype for the coat pattern trait is a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Shelby acquired this trait?\n\n0. Shelby is most interested in American history.\n1. Shelby learned history by reading." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Kangaroos hop and swim.\n1. Cherry trees can grow white or pink flowers." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A kangaroo is an animal. It hops and swims.\nKangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping.\nA cherry tree is a plant. It can grow white or pink flowers.\nMany types of cherry trees come from Japan. Some of these trees have flowers, but no cherries!\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nLena has naturally straight hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Some humans are born with naturally straight hair. Others are born with naturally curly hair. Straight and curly are examples of hair texture.\nSome people use tools to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally straight hair is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt has not rained in over a week at Ian's house.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt has not rained in over a week at Ian's house.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation last week at Ian's house. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nMorning clouds usually clear up by noon where Leo lives.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nMorning clouds usually clear up by noon where Leo lives.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of clouds where Leo lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. snowy owl\n1. peacock butterfly\n2. bess beetle\n3. Caribbean spiny lobster" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA Caribbean spiny lobster is a crustacean. Like other crustaceans, a Caribbean spiny lobster is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA snowy owl is a bird. Like other birds, a snowy owl is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA peacock butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a peacock butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Guardians of the Galaxy was the most enjoyable film of 2014.\n1. Guardians of the Galaxy was released in theaters on July 24, 2014." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up the movie's date.\nGuardians of the Galaxy was released in theaters on July 24, 2014.\nThe second sentence states an opinion. The most enjoyable indicates a personal judgment.\nGuardians of the Galaxy was the most enjoyable film of 2014.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Martha acquired this trait?\n\n0. Martha knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Martha learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Danny inherited this trait?\n\n0. Danny and his father both have dark hair.\n1. Danny's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Danny." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As a geneticist, Jackie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\n1. As a geneticist, Jackie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Jackie dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Jackie enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the plant.\n\n0. Salmon swim in the water.\n1. Banana trees have large leaves.\n2. Koalas eat leaves.\n3. Peregrine falcons walk and fly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A peregrine falcon is an animal. It walks and flies.\nA peregrine falcon can fly very fast. It is the fastest animal in the world!\nA salmon is an animal. It swims in the water.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both freshwater and seawater.\nA koala is an animal. It eats leaves.\nKoalas spend most of their time in trees. They sleep for up to 20 hours a day!\nA banana tree is a plant. It has large leaves.\nThe leaves on a banana tree can be up to nine feet long!\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more negative connotation?\n\n0. an employee\n1. an underling" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An underling has a more negative connotation. Underling and employee both denote a person who works for someone else. However, employee is the standard term, while underling is an insulting term that emphasizes a person's lower status.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDaniel is a real Benedict Arnold. After promising to work on my campaign for class president, he decided to support my opponent.\n\n0. allusion\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nBenedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSenator Serrano isn't lying when she says she cares about her constituents\u2014she wouldn't lie to people she cares about.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n2. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Senator Serrano isn't lying about caring for her constituents because she doesn't lie to people she cares about. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Open and honest communication is the foundation of a healthy relationship.\n1. I can translate these French words for you, or you can use an online dictionary." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nI can translate these French words for you, or you can use an online dictionary.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Bryce inherited this trait?\n\n0. Bryce likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes.\n1. Bryce's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Bryce." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe museum's new gemstones and precious minerals exhibit needs more security guards. If you don't agree, then you must be planning to steal a piece of the exhibit.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that you're a thief if you don't agree that museum security measures must be increased. However, you may have a variety of reasons for not wanting to increase museum security. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nMr. Dudley is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.\n\n0. Mr. Dudley is old.\n1. Mr. Dudley lives near his family." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Dudley is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. Here come the Littles\n1. Here Come the Littles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word the is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Here Come the Littles.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a floor lamp?\n\n0. 10 tons\n1. 10 pounds\n2. 10 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a floor lamp is 10 pounds.\n10 ounces is too light and 10 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the savanna grassland ecosystem.\n\n0. This ecosystem has:\nwarm summers and warm winters\na rainy season and a dry season\nsoil that is poor in nutrients\n1. This ecosystem has:\nyear-round rain and warm temperatures\nsoil that is poor in nutrients\nmany different types of organisms\n2. This ecosystem has:\nlong, cold winters and short, cool summers\nmany evergreen trees\nsoil that is poor in nutrients" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. It has warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients.\nChoice 1 is a savanna grassland ecosystem. It is covered in grasses and has a dry season and a wet season.\nChoice 2 is a taiga ecosystem. It has many evergreen trees. It also has long, cold winters and short, cool summers.\nChoice 3 is a tropical rain forest ecosystem. It has year-round rain and soil that is poor in nutrients.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nMr. Vincent gave a lecture on water conservation, during which he stressed the importance of not watering lawns during a drought.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nKate and Lucy win the game every time.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, win. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a can of soda pop?\n\n0. 310 milliliters\n1. 310 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 310 milliliters.\n310 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a pair of goggles?\n\n0. 60 grams\n1. 60 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a pair of goggles is 60 grams.\n60 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Skippy's phenotype for the body hair trait?\n\n0. a hairy body\n1. a hairless body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Skippy's genotype for the body hair gene is bb. Skippy's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for a hairless body. So, Skippy's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairless body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Skippy's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a hairy body (B) is dominant over the allele for a hairless body (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nSkippy's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Skippy's phenotype for the body hair trait must be a hairless body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Mars's atmosphere is not thick enough to trap the sun's heat, so the planet gets quite cold.\n1. Mars gets real cold because its atmosphere does not trap the sun's heat." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Tara acquired this trait?\n\n0. Tara likes to visit sunflower fields.\n1. Both Tara and her father grow sunflowers.\n2. Last summer, Tara's neighbor showed her how to grow sunflowers." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Trisha's genotype for the sickle-cell disease gene?\n\n0. having sickle-cell disease\n1. aa" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Trisha has two alleles for having sickle-cell disease (a). So, Trisha's genotype for the sickle-cell disease gene is aa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. umbrella\n1. rain\n2. plate\n3. helium" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Rain is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put rainwater into a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space.\nA plate is a solid. If someone drops a plate, it may break into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nAn umbrella is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you open an umbrella, it still has a size and shape of its own.\nHelium is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. Helium is lighter than air. So, if you fill a balloon with helium, the balloon will rise. If helium leaks out of the balloon, the helium will expand into the space around the balloon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Shawn investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which of the three types of tomato seeds sprouts the fastest?\n1. Does a certain kind of tomato plant grow taller when planted in a clay pot or in a plastic pot?\n2. Which type of soil will cause a certain kind of tomato plant to grow the most fruit?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBreaking a plate is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Breaking a plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich invitation is more formal?\n\n0. You are cordially invited to a dinner party as an expression of our appreciation.\n1. You're invited to a dinner party because we want to say \"Thanks!\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first invitation is more formal. It uses more elevated language (cordially, expression of our appreciation). The other invitation uses contractions (you're) and sounds more conversational (thanks).\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Brianna acquired this trait?\n\n0. Some scars fade more quickly than others.\n1. Brianna's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. rag doll\n1. eraser\n2. arrowhead\n3. vinegar" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An arrowhead is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. An arrowhead is made of rock.\nAn eraser is a solid. You can bend an eraser. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nVinegar is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour vinegar into a different container, the vinegar will take the shape of that container. But the vinegar will still take up the same amount of space.\nA rag doll is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you hold a rag doll in your hands, the rag doll still has a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nLogan's recent behavior made his parents begin to see his friend Ted as some sort of Svengali.\n\n0. literature\n1. modern history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Svengali is literature.\nIn George du Maurier's novel Trilby, Svengali is a hypnotist who exerts such power over the central character that she is suddenly able to sing, which she was unable to do before.\nThe allusion Svengali means a person with an unduly strong influence over someone else.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Henry acquired this trait?\n\n0. Henry was not born knowing how to identify different fish. He had to learn this skill.\n1. Henry has two pet fish. The fish live in a fish tank together." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Rita lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Rita lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Rita lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSenator Swift announced today that she plans to cut funding to early childhood education programs. The last thing we need is a government official who hates children!\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Senator Swift hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Swift wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a potato?\n\n0. 8 inches\n1. 8 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a potato is 8 inches.\n8 feet is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more negative connotation?\n\n0. a slender animal\n1. a scrawny animal" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A scrawny animal has a more negative connotation. A scrawny animal is too thin. A slender animal is thin in a graceful way.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWhat we need in the United States is not division; what we need in the United States is not hatred; what we need in the United States is not violence and lawlessness . . .\n\u2014Senator Robert Kennedy, speaking on the death of Martin Luther King, Jr.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. anaphora" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nKennedy repeats the words what we need in the United States at the beginning of each clause.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Kiki's phenotype for the whisker type trait?\n\n0. straight whiskers\n1. curved whiskers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Kiki's phenotype for the whisker type trait. First, consider the alleles in Kiki's genotype for the whisker type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for curved whiskers (h) is recessive to the allele for straight whiskers (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nKiki's genotype of Hh has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Kiki's phenotype for the whisker type trait must be straight whiskers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJordan plays golf.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play golf. Instead, some people learn how to play golf. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing golf is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. Clayton can iron this shirt, or he can wear a different one.\n1. Every winter my father grows a thick beard." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nEvery winter my father grows a thick beard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Yardley. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Yardley?\n\n0. The supply probably went down.\n1. The supply probably went up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nLeaves changing color in the fall is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Leaves changing color is a chemical change. Leaves contain a chemical called chlorophyll that makes them green. In the fall, the chlorophyll in the leaves changes into a different type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word hind on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nheart - hood\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hind is between the guide words heart - hood, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMartin can drive a car.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nGive Bobby a tour of the building and then take him to Mr. Owen's office.\n\n0. imperative\n1. exclamatory\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells someone to do something, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nwater evaporating from a puddle\nrain forming in a cloud\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nRain forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets of liquid water. These droplets make up a cloud. When there is enough water in the air, the droplets will fall as rain.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWater evaporating is caused by heating. But rain forming in a cloud is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nRain begins to form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water. This is caused by cooling. But water evaporating from a puddle is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a full box of cereal?\n\n0. 19 pounds\n1. 19 tons\n2. 19 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 19 ounces.\n19 pounds and 19 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 65\u00b0F\n1. 100\u00b0F\n2. 90\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 90. So, the temperature is 90\u00b0F.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Asian pears don't change color after being harvested, but some European pears do.\n1. Those carpenters use wood to build stairways and doorframes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nAsian pears don't change color after being harvested, but some European pears do.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe surfers rode the wave as it () towards the coastline.\n\n0. sprinted\n1. moved" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word sprinted. It describes the wave as if it were a person who ran fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. snarl\n1. swirl\n2. twirl" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words twirl and swirl rhyme. They both end with the irl sound.\nThe word snarl does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. After Scott explained the chemistry homework to Ed, he understood it better, too.\n1. After Scott explained the chemistry homework to Ed, Scott understood it better, too." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Scott or Ed.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Scott.\nAfter Scott explained the chemistry homework to Ed, Scott understood it better, too.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?\nConifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.\nThe seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is a seedling?\n\n0. a small, young plant\n1. an old plant\n2. a part of a seed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A seedling is a young plant. A seedling will grow into an adult plant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. thank\n1. hike\n2. yank" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words thank and yank rhyme. They both end with the ank sound.\nThe word hike does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Sheep's wool is used to make all kinds of clothing.\n1. The most comfortable clothing is made from wool." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nSheep's wool is used to make all kinds of clothing.\nIt can be proved by looking up the uses of wool.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe most comfortable clothing is made from wool.\nMost comfortable shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what kind of clothing is the most comfortable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. In the Blink of an Eye\n1. in the blink of an Eye" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words the, of, and an are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is In the Blink of an Eye.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI am outside.\nI can be very tall.\nBirds may live in me.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a tree\n1. a dog" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A tree is outside.\nA tree can be very tall.\nBirds may live in a tree.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. The highway is full of cracks, so the workers are repairing it.\n1. Tonight the farmers will herd the cattle into the barn." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nTonight the farmers will herd the cattle into the barn.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Mabel acquired this trait?\n\n0. Mabel's friends like to make chili with her.\n1. When Mabel was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers.\n2. Mabel learned how to make chili from a recipe book." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMarco has a scar on his right leg.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a motorboat that moved 105miles south in 5hours\n1. a motorboat that moved 190miles west in 5hours\n2. a motorboat that moved 30miles east in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 5 hours. The motorboat that moved 30 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Authors use different text structures to organize their ideas in writing. Learning to identify these structures will help you to understand the relationships between ideas in informational texts. You can also use these structures to organize your own writing.\nA cause-effect structure presents the causes and the effects of a particular event, trend, or situation. This structure often uses words and phrases such as because, since, as a result, due to, or consequently.\nA compare-contrast structure presents similarities (comparisons) and differences (contrasts) between two or more things. This structure often uses words and phrases such as like, similarly, or in the same way (for comparing) or on the other hand, in contrast, or unlike (for contrasting).\nA problem-solution structure presents a problem and suggests one or more possible solutions. This structure often uses words such as issue, question, puzzle, propose, and answer.\nA sequential structure describes a series of events that happens in a certain order. This structure often uses specific dates and times or words such as first, next, during, finally, and while.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organizational structure does this text primarily use?\n\n0. cause-effect\n1. compare-contrast" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a cause-effect structure to show the causes and effects of the violent demonstrations at the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago. In the text, certain words and phrases help to organize ideas in a cause-effect structure. Notice the phrases giving rise to, because of, contributing to, set off, and led to.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nabove - asphalt\n\n0. auction\n1. afraid" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince afraid is between the guide words above - asphalt, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe car engine () as Mr. Lester tried to start it in the freezing cold.\n\n0. failed\n1. coughed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word coughed. It describes the engine as if it were a person who is sick.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nParting is such sweet sorrow.\n\u2014William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSweet sorrow is a contradiction, because sweet describes something that is gentle and pleasant, while sorrow refers to grief or sadness.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Luna acquired this trait?\n\n0. Luna can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night.\n1. A pilot taught Luna how to fly a plane.\n2. Luna is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Ms. Boone asked her daughter to chop the celery, but she couldn't find the knife.\n1. Ms. Boone asked her daughter to chop the celery, but her daughter couldn't find the knife." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Ms. Boone or her daughter.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. She has been replaced with her daughter.\nMs. Boone asked her daughter to chop the celery, but her daughter couldn't find the knife.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a washing machine?\n\n0. 32 gallons\n1. 32 fluid ounces\n2. 32 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a washing machine is 32 gallons.\n32 fluid ounces and 32 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a full bag of groceries?\n\n0. 3 grams\n1. 3 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 3 kilograms.\n3 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncutting a piece of rope\npeeling a banana\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCutting a piece of rope is a physical change. The rope is shorter after you cut it. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut rope.\nPeeling a banana is a physical change. The peel is not covering the rest of the fruit anymore. But both the peel and the banana are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Lucia inherited this trait?\n\n0. Lucia and her biological father wear sunglasses when they go outside.\n1. Lucia has green eyes like her biological mother.\n2. Lucia's neighbor has green eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the fish.\n\n0. bull shark\n1. Asian elephant\n2. red kangaroo\n3. green iguana" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A green iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.\nA bull shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nBull sharks can live in both fresh and salt water. They are found in rivers and in shallow parts of the ocean.\nA red kangaroo is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nKangaroos hop to move around. They use their large tails for balance while hopping.\nAn Asian elephant is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nElephants live in groups called herds. The oldest female in the herd is usually the leader.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Wanda investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n1. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n2. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight . . .\n\u2014Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle\"\n\n0. anaphora\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWhitman repeats the words out of the at the beginning of each line.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Mr. Fowler exercises after work, or he plays cards with friends.\n1. Later the sailors will wash the deck of the ship." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nMr. Fowler exercises after work, or he plays cards with friends.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. If Steven doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook.\n1. If Steven doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find it in the cookbook." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the recipe.\nIf Steven doesn't know how to make homemade waffles, he can find the recipe in the cookbook.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her word choice?\nIf you're ever in New York State, you should see Albany, the state capitol. When I visited last summer, I was impressed by the museums, the historic mansions and colonial homes, and other cites. The surrounding area also provides plenty of options for outdoor recreation. Nearby lakes and rivers, not to mention the majestic Adirondack Mountains, offer hiking, fishing, and canoeing opportunities.\n\n0. by reducing repetitive language\n1. by fixing misused words\n2. by replacing vague language" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her word choice by fixing misused words.\nFor example, the writer could replace the underlined words with capital and sights.\nIf you're ever in New York State, you should see Albany, the state capitol. When I visited last summer, I was impressed by the museums, the historic mansions and colonial homes, and other cites. The surrounding area also provides plenty of options for outdoor recreation. Nearby lakes and rivers, not to mention the majestic Adirondack Mountains, offer hiking, fishing, and canoeing opportunities.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Eva smiled and said hello when she ran into Anna at the post office.\n1. When Eva ran into Anna at the post office, she smiled and said hello." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Eva or Anna.\nWhen Eva ran into Anna at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nEva smiled and said hello when she ran into Anna at the post office.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncooking an egg\na penny tarnishing\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nCooking is caused by heating. But a penny tarnishing is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more negative connotation?\n\n0. a boring shirt\n1. a plain shirt" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A boring shirt has a more negative connotation. A boring shirt is simple and uninteresting. A plain shirt is just simple.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more negative connotation?\n\n0. disagree about something\n1. argue about something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Argue about something has a more negative connotation. When two people disagree about something, they have different opinions. When two people argue about something, they fight over those opinions.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a test tube?\n\n0. 13 liters\n1. 13 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a test tube is 13 milliliters.\n13 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nInside its tissues, the spotted jelly\u2014a marine invertebrate native to the South Pacific\u2014grows symbiotic algae that produces food for the jelly and gives it a greenish-brown hue.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nInside its tissues, the spotted jelly\u2014a marine invertebrate native to the South Pacific\u2014grows symbiotic algae that produces food for the jelly and gives it a greenish-brown hue.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this muskmelon plant's phenotype for the fruit taste trait?\n\n0. sour fruit\n1. FF" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The muskmelon plant's observable version of the fruit taste trait is sour fruit. So, the plant's phenotype for the fruit taste trait is sour fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich letter opening is more formal?\n\n0. Dear Mr. McConnell,\n1. Dear Eric," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. water in a sink\n1. grape juice\n2. baseball bat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich memo to customers is more formal?\n\n0. Colleen's Cupcakes is committed to your health. We are honoring that commitment by publishing nutrition information on all of our baked goods.\n1. Colleen's Cupcakes cares about you and your health. That's why we're providing nutrition info for everything we bake." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first memo to customers is more formal. It uses more impersonal and elevated language (honoring that commitment, publishing nutrition information). The other memo to customers uses abbreviations (info) and sounds more conversational.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. You can wipe up your spill with some paper towels, or you can use the sponge on the counter.\n1. Freedom of speech and trial by jury are two important rights in the United States Constitution." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nYou can wipe up your spill with some paper towels, or you can use the sponge on the counter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a bike path?\n\n0. 2 feet\n1. 2 inches\n2. 2 yards\n3. 2 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a bike path is 2 miles.\n2 inches, 2 feet, and 2 yards are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nWe need to raise taxes to improve our public schools. If we don't raise taxes, we are condemning our schools to failure.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n2. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that either we must raise taxes or public schools will fail. However, there are ways schools can be improved without raising taxes, so these are not the only options. For instance, perhaps existing tax money could be spent differently to improve schools. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe tsunami rushed over the land, () everything in its path.\n\n0. crashing into\n1. devouring" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word devouring. It describes the tsunami as if it were a very hungry person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nNitrogen is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether nitrogen is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for nitrogen, N2, contains one atomic symbol: N. So, the formula tells you that nitrogen is composed of only one chemical element.\nSince nitrogen is composed of only one chemical element, nitrogen is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nerosion caused by wind\nbeating an egg\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nErosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter.\nBeating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which these ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil or water\nthe organisms that live there\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the tropical coral reef ecosystem.\n\n0. This ecosystem has:\nland that is covered with water during most of the year\nsoil that is rich in nutrients\nother water ecosystems nearby\n1. This ecosystem has:\nshallow, salty water\nbright sunlight\nmany different types of organisms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. It has shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms.\nChoice 1 is a tropical coral reef ecosystem. It has shallow water and many different types of organisms.\nChoice 2 is a wetland ecosystem. It is covered with water for most of the year. Wetlands also have soil that is rich in nutrients.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Water evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWas I late for the party last night? Was I late for work today? Was I late for our meeting? Was I late for dinner? The answer is no, so stop saying I'm always late!\n\n0. assonance\n1. anaphora" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nThe words was I late for are repeated at the beginning of each sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nIf I let you miss this deadline, everyone else will start asking for the same treatment. Deadlines will be meaningless.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that missing one deadline will lead to deadlines having no meaning. However, this isn't necessarily true. For instance, the speaker could make one exception under particular circumstances without allowing other exceptions. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nTim, the company you work for just filed for bankruptcy! How can I trust you with our money?\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Tim must be fiscally irresponsible, because he works for a company that went bankrupt. However, even though his company is perceived as fiscally irresponsible, that doesn't necessarily mean that Tim is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of an eyedropper?\n\n0. 7 milliliters\n1. 7 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of an eyedropper is 7 milliliters.\n7 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nOrder a vegetarian meal for me, please.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. imperative\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence makes a request, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nRaymond took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. compound\n1. simple\n2. compound-complex\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nRaymond took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ndry ice sublimating and becoming a gas\nwater freezing into ice\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nWater freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nDry ice sublimating is caused by heating. But water freezing into ice is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater freezing is caused by cooling. But dry ice sublimating is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your nephew,\nJohnny\n1. Your Nephew,\nJohnny" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nOh! Stars and clouds and winds, ye are all about to mock me; if ye really pity me, crush sensation and memory; let me become as nought.\n\u2014Mary Shelley, Frankenstein\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh! Stars and clouds and winds is a direct address to stars, clouds, and winds, all nonhuman entities.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nCharlotte anticipated that the free makeover her friend was promising would turn out to be a Trojan horse.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Trojan horse is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, the Greek army tricks the Trojan army into taking a large wooden horse into their carefully guarded city. The horse turns out to be filled with Greek warriors who, once inside the city of Troy, open the gates to the Greek army waiting outside.\nThe allusion Trojan horse means a deceptive or harmful offering.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Mason decides to bake blueberry muffins. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Mason will get to eat blueberry muffins. He thinks blueberry muffins are tastier than cranberry muffins.\n1. Mason will give up some muffins. He could have made more cranberry muffins than blueberry muffins." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Mason wants or needs:\nMason will give up some muffins. He could have made more cranberry muffins than blueberry muffins.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nHave you ever been in the attic?\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"There's nothing I love more than skipping lunch,\" Mr. Kelly told the flight attendant when he learned that no food would be available on his cross-country flight.\n\n0. personification\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nNothing I love more shows verbal irony because Mr. Kelly is probably upset that there isn't anything to eat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBees making honey from nectar is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Bees making honey from nectar is a chemical change. The bees use nectar to make honey, which contains new molecules that are easier to store. Honey and nectar are different types of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAn avid reader, Caden attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. simple\n2. compound\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Caden attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nWhen Trent lost his job, he was devastated. The only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career.\n\n0. There was a benefit to Trent's job loss.\n1. Having to pursue a new career was the worst part of Trent's job loss." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor the only light in the sea of darkness was the prospect of pursuing a new career suggests that there was a benefit to Trent's job loss. A light would be beneficial in helping someone escape a dark, difficult-to-navigate situation. Similarly, Trent's new career was beneficial in helping him escape the emotionally difficult experience of losing his job.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Dustin acquired this trait?\n\n0. Dustin learned history by reading.\n1. Dustin is most interested in American history." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nafter - another\n\n0. always\n1. accept" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince always is between the guide words after - another, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nWhile the plumber was under the sink fiddling with the pipes, the drain burped up a spray of brown water.\n\n0. The drain noisily released some water.\n1. The plumber burped." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nBurped suggests that the drain noisily released some water. When you burp, you noisily release air from your stomach.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an elephant?\n\n0. 6,370 grams\n1. 6,370 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 6,370 kilograms.\n6,370 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a hot day?\n\n0. 36\u00b0F\n1. 36\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a hot day is 36\u00b0C.\n36\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nDuring Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the levees and flood walls that had been built to protect the city of New Orleans broke, and water swallowed parts of the city.\n\n0. Parts of the city disappeared underwater.\n1. People in the city didn't have water to drink." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nSwallowed suggests that parts of the city disappeared underwater. When a person swallows something, it disappears.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Damon inherited this trait?\n\n0. Damon and his father both have dark hair.\n1. Damon's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Damon." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a kiddie pool?\n\n0. 1,080 liters\n1. 1,080 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a kiddie pool is 1,080 liters.\n1,080 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Lacey inherited this trait?\n\n0. Lacey's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Lacey.\n1. Lacey and her mother both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbreaking a ceramic plate\nknitting yarn into a scarf\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nKnitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. black howler\n1. cardinalfish\n2. green sea turtle\n3. earthworm" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A black howler is a mammal. Like other mammals, a black howler is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA green sea turtle is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a green sea turtle is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA cardinalfish is a fish. Like other fish, a cardinalfish is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nwater evaporating from a puddle\nmelting glass\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a puddle is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nMelting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. hydrogen sulfide (H2S)\n1. cyclopropane (C3H6)\n2. silver (Ag)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for cyclopropane contains two symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, cyclopropane is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, cyclopropane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for silver contains one symbol: Ag. So, silver is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, silver is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for hydrogen sulfide contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and S for sulfur. So, hydrogen sulfide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen sulfide is a compound, not an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nArgon is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether argon is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for argon is Ar. This formula contains one symbol: Ar. So, the formula tells you that argon is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, argon is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nGallium arsenide is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether gallium arsenide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for gallium arsenide, GaAs, contains two atomic symbols: Ga for gallium and As for arsenic. So, the formula tells you that gallium arsenide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince gallium arsenide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, gallium arsenide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nVarious technologies have been developed to help militaries easily identify their own forces, and thus to reduce incidents of friendly fire.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. assonance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nFriendly fire is an indirect way of referring to an accidental attack on one's own soldiers or allies.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Leah couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\n1. The odor emanating from the landfill made Leah so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nLeah couldn't tolerate the nauseous odor emanating from the landfill, so she rolled up her car windows as she drove past.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe odor emanating from the landfill made Leah so nauseous that she had to roll up the car windows as she drove past.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. An antler is not a pure substance. It is a solid.\n1. Native copper is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.\n2. Gypsum is not made by living things. It is formed in nature." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nNative copper is a mineral.\nAn antler is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, an antler is not a mineral.\nGypsum is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Novak Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions.\n1. Novak Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe second sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nThe pastor, explaining his decision to sell his red convertible, said it was a golden calf.\n\n0. a movie\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion golden calf is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Moses grows angry when he discovers some of his followers worshipping a golden calf, an act he sees as an affront to God's law.\nThe allusion golden calf means a material object that is the subject of worship.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word human on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nhate - here\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince human is not between the guide words hate - here, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. All ants have six legs.\n1. Red ants are worse than black ants." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nAll ants have six legs.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about insects.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nRed ants are worse than black ants.\nWorse shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which ants are worse.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bathtub?\n\n0. 75 fluid ounces\n1. 75 cups\n2. 75 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a bathtub is 75 gallons.\n75 fluid ounces and 75 cups are both too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na banana getting ripe on the counter\nsaliva breaking down a piece of bread\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA banana getting ripe on the counter is a chemical change. As a banana ripens, the type of matter in it changes. The peel changes color and the inside becomes softer and sweeter.\nSaliva breaking down a piece of bread is a chemical change. Bread is made up mostly of a chemical called starch. Saliva breaks the bonds between atoms in the starch molecules.\nThe atoms then link together to form smaller, simpler molecules of sugar. The sugar is a different type of matter than the starch.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Jessica investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?\n1. Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?\n2. Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Meg decides to join the Photography Club. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Meg will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. She would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club.\n1. Meg will save some time. She would have spent more time in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Meg wants or needs:\nMeg will give up the chance to be in the Theater Club. She would have had more fun in the Theater Club than in the Photography Club.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nJason picked up his pace on the trail as his spidey sense began to tingle.\n\n0. a comic book\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the submarine's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the submarine and Earth () as the submarine dove toward the ocean floor.\n\n0. decreased\n1. stayed the same\n2. increased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the submarine and the center of Earth changed.\nThe ocean floor is lower than the surface of the ocean. As the submarine dove toward the ocean floor, the distance between the submarine and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the submarine and Earth decreased as the submarine dove toward the ocean floor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Francesca inherited this trait?\n\n0. Francesca and her father both have dark hair.\n1. Francesca's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Francesca." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a sailboat that moved 50miles in 10hours\n1. a sailboat that moved 100miles in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each sailboat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne sailboat moved 100 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other sailboat moved 50 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each sailboat spent the same amount of time moving. The sailboat that moved 100 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that sailboat must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nhelping - hunter\n\n0. hospital\n1. hardship" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hospital is between the guide words helping - hunter, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit sheen trait?\n\n0. dull fruit\n1. glossy fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cucumber plant's genotype for the fruit sheen gene is FF. The cucumber plant's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for dull fruit. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit sheen trait must be dull fruit.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the cucumber plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for dull fruit (F) is dominant over the allele for glossy fruit (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe cucumber plant's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit sheen trait must be dull fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThat man comes in here every day for dinner and always gets the most expensive meals. He must be richer than the king!\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nRicher than the king is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that the man actually has more money than a king.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"This is the best day of my life,\" Mr. Bartlett mumbled after his car broke down on the way to an important job interview.\n\n0. Mr. Bartlett was having a bad day.\n1. Mr. Bartlett liked fixing cars." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nThe best day of my life ironically suggests that Mr. Bartlett was having a bad day. He was having the opposite of a good day because his car broke down when he needed to be on time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Because producers make their own food, they typically do not eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts, which are cell structures where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain a green substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures light energy from the Sun to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they produce during photosynthesis as food. This food provides energy that helps the organisms live, grow, and reproduce.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. Poison oak is a type of shrub that may have red or green leaves. Poison oak shrubs have chloroplasts in their cells. These shrubs also produce an oil that can give people an itchy rash if they touch the leaves.\n1. Poison dart frogs have special substances in their cells. These substances help protect the frogs from poisons in the insects they eat. Eating these insects also makes the frogs poisonous!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that poison oak shrubs have chloroplasts in their cells. This is evidence that poison oak is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the poison dart frog is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDid you know that Reggie is back home living with his parents again and won't get a job? Gosh, millennials are such a lazy generation.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Reggie living with his parents means that millennials in general are lazy. However, one millennial's behavior does not necessarily reflect the behavior of the entire generation. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Arrived at the beach.\n1. The child built a tower, he used colored blocks." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The child built a tower, he used colored blocks is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: The child built a tower and He used colored blocks.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that has a backbone.\n\n0. Tasmanian devil\n1. wolf spider" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A Tasmanian devil is a mammal. Like other mammals, a Tasmanian devil has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a wolf spider does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two buses. Which bus was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a bus that moved 825kilometers in 10hours\n1. a bus that moved 460kilometers in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bus moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bus moved 825 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bus moved 460 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bus spent the same amount of time moving. The bus that moved 825 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bus must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWhen Katie first joined the track team, she was afraid of jumping, but she got over that hurdle.\n\n0. pun\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nErik is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department.\n\n0. Erik is overweight.\n1. Erik is tall for his age." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Erik is overweight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ngetting a haircut\nsawing a log in half\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nGetting a haircut is a physical change. Your hair is shorter after a haircut. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nSawing a log in half is a physical change. The log splits into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nFrom the look on her face, Vivian is carrying an albatross around her neck.\n\n0. a poem\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion an albatross around her neck is a poem.\nIn Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" a sailor shoots and kills an albatross, an action that curses the ship and crew. As his crew members die, the Ancient Mariner feels his guilt hanging like the albatross around his neck.\nThe allusion an albatross around her neck means a burden a person must bear.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nEli remarked that the new book on anti-gravity was impossible to put down.\n\n0. allusion\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nImpossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nchief - corral\n\n0. called\n1. class" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince class is between the guide words chief - corral, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The terrible snowstorm brought traffic to a halt.\n1. Matthew makes toast for breakfast, or he eats a banana later at school." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or.\nMatthew makes toast for breakfast, or he eats a banana later at school.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nScientists will measure the rainfall in Livingston.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, measure. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhile at the park today, Kyle noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhile at the park today, Kyle noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction at the park today. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. white-spotted octopus\n1. locust\n2. whiptail lizard\n3. peacock butterfly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A whiptail lizard is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a whiptail lizard is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other octopuses, a white-spotted octopus is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA peacock butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a peacock butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA locust is an insect. Like other insects, a locust is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Charlie sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. compound\n1. complex\n2. compound-complex\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Charlie sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\njerk - junk\n\n0. join\n1. jaw" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince join is between the guide words jerk - junk, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nMelted rock comes out of a gap in Earth's surface.\n\n0. wildfire\n1. volcanic eruption\n2. erosion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Heather was terribly late to work this morning because her car broke down on the freeway.\n1. Heather's car was running terribly before she took it to the mechanic for a tune-up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nHeather's car was running terribly before she took it to the mechanic for a tune-up.\nThe second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nHeather was terribly late to work this morning because her car broke down on the freeway.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Warren custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Oak Grove.\n1. Warren bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Oak Grove." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nWarren custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Oak Grove.\nThe first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Warren's coffee table is an interesting style, but it was made in a factory and is probably not actually one of a kind.\nWarren bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Oak Grove.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAnna has naturally red hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Anna's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a warm loaf of bread?\n\n0. 65\u00b0F\n1. 65\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a warm loaf of bread is 65\u00b0C.\n65\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe most delicious avocados in the U.S. are grown in California because California avocados have the best taste.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that avocados from California are the most delicious because they taste the best. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nLithium bromide is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether lithium bromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for lithium bromide, LiBr, contains two atomic symbols: Li for lithium and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that lithium bromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince lithium bromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, lithium bromide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. coffee\n1. eraser\n2. air inside a tire\n3. air inside a bubble" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Coffee is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour coffee into a different container, the coffee will take the shape of that container. But the coffee will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe air inside a tire is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air in a tire expands to fill all the space inside the tire. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the tire.\nThe air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nAn eraser is a solid. You can bend an eraser. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Cameron inherited this trait?\n\n0. Cameron likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes.\n1. Cameron's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Cameron." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses onomatopoeia.\n\n0. I heard a Fly buzz\u2014when I died\u2014\nThe Stillness in the Room\nWas like the Stillness in the Air\u2014\nBetween the Heaves of Storm\u2014\n1. The peasant whose lot was to sow and to reap,\nThe herdsman who climbed with his goats to the steep,\nThe beggar that wandered in search of his bread,\nHave faded away like the grass that we tread." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses onomatopoeia. It uses language that sounds like what it talks about.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nVictory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory however long and hard the road may be.\n\u2014Winston Churchill\n\n0. anaphora\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nChurchill repeats the word victory at the beginning of each phrase.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word sacred on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nshoe - source\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince sacred is not between the guide words shoe - source, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the placental mammal traits listed above.\n\n0. Dwarf crocodiles are the smallest crocodiles alive today. They grow to be about five feet long and have scaly, waterproof skin. Dwarf crocodiles live in Central Africa and hatch from eggs with shells.\n1. North American beavers have fur and live near lakes and rivers. They use sticks and mud to build homes, or lodges, for themselves. Female beavers give birth to live offspring inside the lodges." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nPlacental mammals have the following traits:\nThey give birth to live offspring.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA dwarf crocodile has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA dwarf crocodile does not have all of the traits of a placental mammal. A dwarf crocodile is a reptile.\nA North American beaver has the following traits:\nIt gives birth to live offspring.\nA North American beaver has the traits of a placental mammal. A North American beaver is a placental mammal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Darnel decides to take a trip to Connecticut. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Darnel will enjoy his trip to Connecticut more than he would have enjoyed a trip to Virginia.\n1. Darnel will spend more money. Plane tickets for Darnel to get to Connecticut are more expensive than tickets to Virginia." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Darnel wants or needs:\nDarnel will spend more money. Plane tickets for Darnel to get to Connecticut are more expensive than tickets to Virginia.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nDevon has naturally pale skin.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Devon's skin color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. The Golgi is inside the cell membrane in an animal cell.\n1. Plant cells can have vacuoles but do not have mitochondria.\n2. The endoplasmic reticulum breaks down sugar to release energy that a plant cell can use." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Sugar's genotype for the body size gene?\n\n0. BB\n1. a normal-sized body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Sugar has two alleles for a normal-sized body (B). So, Sugar's genotype for the body size gene is BB.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to sing the ABC song?\n\n0. 23 seconds\n1. 23 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to sing the ABC song is 23 seconds.\n23 minutes is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nWater freezing into ice is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Water freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Pablo sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. simple\n1. complex\n2. compound-complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Pablo sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. ***Apple or Orange***\n1. \"Apple or Orange?\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Apple or Orange**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. mat\n1. shut\n2. rut" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words shut and rut rhyme. They both end with the ut sound.\nThe word mat does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Princeton. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Princeton?\n\n0. The supply probably went up.\n1. The supply probably went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. The conference that was originally scheduled for Tuesday will now be held on Wednesday.\n1. FYI, the conference that was originally scheduled for Tuesday will now be held on Wednesday." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses abbreviated language (FYI).\nThe second sentence does not use abbreviated language, so it is more formal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJosh has naturally pale skin.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Josh's skin color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nVincent and Tessa have trouble working on projects together. Although Tessa is very sociable and friendly, she's not exactly a team player.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nNot exactly a team player is an indirect way of saying that someone doesn't work well with others.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word peruse in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Brad perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift.\n1. Brad perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail.\nBrad perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift.\nThe second text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner.\nBrad perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Jennifer inherited this trait?\n\n0. Jennifer's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Jennifer.\n1. Jennifer's hair is the same color as her brown eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is harder?\n\n0. glass bottle\n1. wool scarf" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass bottle is harder. If you squeeze a glass bottle, it will not change shape.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Leslie acquired this trait?\n\n0. Some scars fade more quickly than others.\n1. Leslie's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following statements is true?\n\n0. Electric charge can be positive or negative.\n1. Particles with any electric charge are called positive charges.\n2. The smallest piece of matter is called an atom." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Estelle investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a rubber inner tube sled go faster down a small hill or down a big hill?\n1. Does a rubber inner tube sled or a plastic sled go faster down a hill?\n2. Does a plastic sled or a wooden sled go down a hill faster?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the cartilaginous fish traits listed above.\n\n0. Tiger sharks get their name from the dark stripes on their body. They can be over 15 feet long, and they have a skeleton made of cartilage, not bone. Tiger shark eggs do not have shells for protection. Instead, the eggs grow and hatch inside the mother shark.\n1. Snowy owls have sharp, curved beaks and live in cold places. They have feathers on their feet to protect them from the cold. Mother owls keep their eggs warm by standing on their shells." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nCartilaginous fish have the following traits:\nThey have fins, not limbs.\nThey live underwater.\nThey have a skeleton made of cartilage.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA snowy owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA snowy owl does not have all of the traits of a cartilaginous fish. A snowy owl is a bird.\nA tiger shark has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt lives underwater.\nIt has a skeleton made of cartilage.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA tiger shark has the traits of a cartilaginous fish. A tiger shark is a cartilaginous fish.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Many thanks,\nHector\n1. many thanks,\nHector" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on the cat are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the cat?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the cat.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the cat." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on the cat, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling the cat down with a force of 40 N.\nThe bottom of the box is pushing the cat up with a force of 40 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 40 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the cat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nNot all monkeys live in the jungle.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBefore Nicole had even met her future husband in person, she knew about his reputation as a Romeo.\n\n0. literature\n1. British history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Romeo is literature.\nIn William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is known for the eloquent declaration of love with which he woos Juliet.\nThe allusion Romeo means a man who is very romantic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Jane roomed with Bella last year, but her messiness became a point of contention.\n1. Jane roomed with Bella last year, but Bella's messiness became a point of contention." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Jane's or Bella's.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Her has been replaced with Bella's.\nJane roomed with Bella last year, but Bella's messiness became a point of contention.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon goes in front of the sun and leaves a shadow on the earth.\n1. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes in front of the sun, casting a shadow on the earth." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (goes, leaves).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBen got off the mountain by the skin of his teeth.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. a movie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nZeke has a scar on his right leg.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Emmett investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Are dishes washed in a dishwasher cleaner than dishes washed by hand?\n1. Are dishes cleaner when washed with a soapy sponge or with a soapy rag?\n2. Are dishes cleaner when washed with liquid dish detergent or with bar soap?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Her dog happily fetched his tennis ball from the muddy puddle and eagerly waited for her to throw it again.\n1. Kevin prepared a receipt for the customer while Zack packaged her items for her." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction while.\nKevin prepared a receipt for the customer while Zack packaged her items for her.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a marble at a temperature of 60\u00b0F\n1. a marble at a temperature of 32\u00b0F\n2. a marble at a temperature of 14\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three marbles have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 14\u00b0F marble is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 5-kilogram brick at a temperature of 260\u00b0F\n1. a 5-kilogram brick at a temperature of 235\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bricks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 260\u00b0F brick is hotter than the 235\u00b0F brick, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nimagine - irrigation\n\n0. instead\n1. idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince instead is between the guide words imagine - irrigation, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word buck on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbeing - blind\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince buck is not between the guide words being - blind, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. The child chews her food carefully.\n1. Ms. Kerr's many books about history and law." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The child chews her food carefully is a complete sentence. The subject is the child, and the verb is chews.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 250-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 120\u00b0F\n1. a 250-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 115\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 115\u00b0F cup of black tea is colder than the 120\u00b0F cup of black tea, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a city bus?\n\n0. 10 pounds\n1. 10 tons\n2. 10 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a city bus is 10 tons.\n10 ounces and 10 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that Edgar's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between Edgar and Earth () as he hiked toward the summit.\n\n0. stayed the same\n1. increased\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between Edgar and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Edgar started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Edgar and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Edgar and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMrs. Shaffer manages the busy office.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, manages. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. The ships are in the canal the workers load boxes onto them.\n1. An island culture different from our own." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An island culture different from our own is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. A reporter for the Somerville Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Somerville's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years.\n1. The Somerville Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Somerville's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nThe Somerville Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Somerville's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nA reporter for the Somerville Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Somerville's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe player slammed the ball into the hoop.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, slammed. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a song?\n\n0. Ten Little Monkeys Jumping on a Bed\n1. \"Ten Little Monkeys Jumping on a Bed\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A song should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Ten Little Monkeys Jumping on a Bed.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Minnie's phenotype for the fur texture trait?\n\n0. wavy fur\n1. straight fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Minnie's phenotype for the fur texture trait. First, consider the alleles in Minnie's genotype for the fur texture gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for wavy fur (f) is recessive to the allele for straight fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nMinnie's genotype of Ff has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Minnie's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be straight fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 350-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 30\u00b0C\n1. a 350-gram mug of cocoa at a temperature of 65\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two mugs of cocoa have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 30\u00b0C mug of cocoa is colder than the 65\u00b0C mug of cocoa, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. see you soon,\nRyan\n1. See you soon,\nRyan" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nCamille gazed at the ancient pug that seemed to sleep all day and noted, \"You're an energetic puppy!\"\n\n0. idiom\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAn energetic puppy shows verbal irony because an old, exhausted dog is far from an energetic puppy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word wrath on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nweary - wiggle\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince wrath is not between the guide words weary - wiggle, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The archaeological site of Troy is one of thirteen UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey.\n1. The archaeological site of Troy is Turkey's best UNESCO World Heritage site to visit." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact. It can be verified by researching UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey.\nThe archaeological site of Troy is one of thirteen UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey.\nThe second sentence states an opinion. Best indicates a personal judgment.\nThe archaeological site of Troy is Turkey's best UNESCO World Heritage site to visit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe natural flights of the human mind are not from pleasure to pleasure, but from hope to hope.\n\u2014Samuel Johnson, The Rambler\n\n0. understatement\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nJohnson contrasts one kind of thought process (from pleasure to pleasure) with another (from hope to hope).\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Percy's ears were ringing after he stood near the stage for the entire concert.\n1. Babe Ruth hit 714 home runs during his baseball career but struck out 1,330 times." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction after.\nPercy's ears were ringing after he stood near the stage for the entire concert.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nRusted old cars () every corner of the junkyard.\n\n0. lounged in\n1. could be found in" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase lounged in. It describes the cars as if they were people relaxing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJack has naturally straight hair.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Human hair can be naturally straight or naturally curly. Straight and curly are examples of hair texture.\nSome people use tools to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally straight hair is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Beth decides to go on the drop tower. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Beth will save some ride tickets. She needs fewer tickets to go on the drop tower than on the screaming swing.\n1. Beth will give up the chance to go on the screaming swing. She would have had more fun on that ride." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Beth wants or needs:\nBeth will give up the chance to go on the screaming swing. She would have had more fun on that ride.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. black orb weaver spider\n1. yellow jacket\n2. harvest mouse\n3. dung beetle" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A yellow jacket is an insect. Like other insects, a yellow jacket is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA harvest mouse is a mammal. Like other mammals, a harvest mouse is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other spiders, a black orb weaver spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA dung beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a dung beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Nolan acquired this trait?\n\n0. Nolan's mother speaks one language.\n1. Nolan learned to speak two languages in school." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nIce melts in the bright sun.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, melts. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nOn that winter morning, Luna's hands were as cold as ice.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "On that winter morning, Luna's hands were as cold as ice.\nThe words hands and ice are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word identify on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nimage - indicate\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince identify is not between the guide words image - indicate, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nSusan is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. complex\n1. compound\n2. simple\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nSusan is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npen - popular\n\n0. physical\n1. presence" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince physical is between the guide words pen - popular, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, these organisms use light energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen.\nPhotosynthetic organisms also often have the following characteristics:\nThey are producers, which are organisms that make their own food inside their cells. Producers don't usually eat other organisms.\nTheir cells contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are cell parts where photosynthesis occurs.\nTheir chloroplasts often contain chlorophyll, which is green. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight to power photosynthesis.\nThey use the sugars they make during photosynthesis as food. This food provides the organisms with the energy they need to live.\n\nQuestion:\nUse the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.\n\n0. Tillandisa tectorum air plants make their own food from carbon dioxide and water. These plants get the water they need from the air instead of from the soil.\n1. Komondor dogs have white fur that forms thick strings. Modern Komondor dogs eat mostly dog food. This food is made from other organisms, including plants and animals." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This organism is photosynthetic:\nThe text tells you that Tillandisa tectorum air plants make their own food from carbon dioxide and water. This is evidence that the Tillandisa tectorum air plant is a photosynthetic organism.\nThis organism is not photosynthetic:\nThe text does not provide evidence that the Komondor dog is photosynthetic.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nFor me, Yosemite in the summer is Shangri-La.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Shangri-La is literature.\nIn his novel Lost Horizon, James Hilton describes the fictional paradise of Shangri-La, which is located in the mountains of Tibet.\nThe allusion Shangri-La means an ideal place.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nDwayne is the best cook I know!\n\n0. declarative\n1. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Isabelle decides to join the Theater Club. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Isabelle will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. She would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.\n1. Isabelle will save some time. She would have spent more time in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Isabelle wants or needs:\nIsabelle will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. She would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Jayce investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the squirrels eat walnuts from large feeders more often than from small feeders?\n1. Which type of tree do the squirrels feed from most often?\n2. Do the squirrels select sunflower seeds or walnuts more often?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. saw\n1. shovel\n2. window\n3. hammer" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Saw, shovel, and hammer go together. They are tools. Window is not a tool, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. \"Shooting stars\" are really bits of rock and dust burning up in Earth's atmosphere.\n1. Camping in the woods is the best way to see shooting stars." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\n\"Shooting stars\" are really bits of rock and dust burning up in Earth's atmosphere.\nIt can be proved by checking a website about shooting stars.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nCamping in the woods is the best way to see shooting stars.\nBest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about where the best place to see shooting stars is.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. dear Ms. McConnell,\n1. Dear Ms. McConnell," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. McConnell is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nThe neighbor's loud music was a blaring fire alarm.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The neighbor's loud music was a blaring fire alarm.\nThe words music and fire alarm are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs walking a dog a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether walking a dog is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs walking a dog something you can touch? No.\nIs walking a dog a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, walking a dog is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Race car driver Mario Andretti won the Daytona 500, Indy 500, and Formula One titles during his career.\n1. Mario Andretti, the only person named Driver of the Year in three different decades, is a great role model for young people interested in auto racing." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up the racing titles Mario Andretti won during his career.\nRace car driver Mario Andretti won the Daytona 500, Indy 500, and Formula One titles during his career.\nThe second sentence states an opinion. Great indicates a personal judgment.\nMario Andretti, the only person named Driver of the Year in three different decades, is a great role model for young people interested in auto racing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nSouth American farmers have just harvested their largest cocoa crops in years. Cocoa is a major ingredient in chocolate. What will probably happen to the overall supply of chocolate bars?\n\n0. The supply will probably go up.\n1. The supply will probably go down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cocoa is an important resource for making chocolate. If more cocoa has been harvested, cocoa will be easier to get. So, the supply of chocolate bars will probably go up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more positive connotation?\n\n0. a chuckle\n1. a snicker" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A chuckle has a more positive connotation. Chuckle and snicker both denote short, quiet laughs. However, a chuckle is friendly, while a snicker is mean-spirited and disrespectful.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a tennis racket?\n\n0. 26 yards\n1. 26 inches\n2. 26 feet\n3. 26 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 26 inches.\n26 feet, 26 yards, and 26 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMason can drive a car.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans are not born knowing how to drive a car. Instead, many people learn how to drive when they are older. So, driving is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a metaphor?\n\n0. The bare tree's branches were sharp needles.\n1. The bare tree's branches were as sharp as needles." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe bare tree's branches were sharp needles.\nThe words branches and needles are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe bare tree's branches were as sharp as needles.\nThe words branches and needles are compared using the word as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbreaking a ceramic plate\nmixing chocolate syrup into milk\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nMixing chocolate syrup into milk is a physical change. The chocolate syrup and milk make a mixture. Making a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait?\n\n0. bumpy fruit\n1. smooth fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cucumber plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene is FF. The cucumber plant's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for bumpy fruit. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait must be bumpy fruit.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the cucumber plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for smooth fruit (f) is recessive to the allele for bumpy fruit (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe cucumber plant's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the cucumber plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait must be bumpy fruit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAnn plays golf.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play golf. Instead, some people learn how to play golf. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing golf is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. atlas moth\n1. dyeing dart frog\n2. piranha\n3. macaw" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A macaw is a bird. Like other birds, a macaw is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA dyeing dart frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a dyeing dart frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA piranha is a fish. Like other fish, a piranha is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn atlas moth is an insect. Like other insects, an atlas moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nPlatinum is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether platinum is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for platinum is Pt. This formula contains one symbol: Pt. So, the formula tells you that platinum is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, platinum is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe Alexanders argue we should eat our pizza with a fork and knife because it's less messy, but what do they know? Have you seen their house? It's a disaster!\n\n0. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n1. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the Alexanders' opinion on eating pizza is invalid because their house is messy. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the argument is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a tennis racket?\n\n0. 21 inches\n1. 21 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 21 inches.\n21 feet is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nMr. Randolph is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.\n\n0. Mr. Randolph is old.\n1. Mr. Randolph is rich." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Randolph is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to sing the ABC song?\n\n0. 28 hours\n1. 28 seconds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to sing the ABC song is 28 seconds.\n28 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nDiana has naturally pale skin.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Diana's skin color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Edmond investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do cloth towels dry faster if they are hung in the laundry room or in the backyard?\n1. Does a small cloth towel or a large cloth towel dry faster when hung in the backyard?\n2. When hung in the laundry room, do black cloth towels or white cloth towels dry more quickly?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Mr. Russo wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find the forms.\n1. Mr. Russo wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find them." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the new employees or their intake forms.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the forms.\nMr. Russo wanted the new employees to fill out their intake forms, but he couldn't find the forms.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait?\n\n0. bush growth\n1. climbing growth" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The rose plant's genotype for the growth pattern gene is gg. The rose plant's genotype of gg has only g alleles. The g allele is for bush growth. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be bush growth.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the rose plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for bush growth (g) is recessive to the allele for climbing growth (G). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele.\nThe rose plant's genotype of gg has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be bush growth.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. cave\n1. roller skate\n2. kelp\n3. the Great Sphinx of Giza" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A cave is not a living thing.\nA cave may have animals or plants living inside. But a cave does not have all the traits of a living thing. A cave does not need food or water.\nThe Great Sphinx of Giza is not a living thing.\nThe Great Sphinx of Giza is a statue of a mythical sphinx, a creature with a lion's body and a human head. The Great Sphinx does not have all of the traits of a living thing. It does not grow or respond to the world around it. It does not need food or water.\nKelp is a living thing.\nKelp grows and responds to its environment. It needs food and water. It is made up of many cells.\nKelp uses energy from sunlight to make food. Kelp plants have special air pockets that bring their leaves close to the surface.\nA roller skate is not a living thing.\nRoller skates do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nIn the morning, Grandpa will make eggs.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, make. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nThat was the best performance I've ever seen!\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich announcement is more formal?\n\n0. The Greenpoint Law Firm is pleased to announce . . .\n1. The Greenpoint Law Firm is so happy to tell you . . ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second announcement is more formal. It uses more elevated language (pleased to announce). The other announcement sounds more conversational (so happy).\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nSam is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department.\n\n0. Sam is overweight.\n1. Sam has larger bones than most people." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Sam is overweight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. bromomethane (CH3Br)\n1. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)\n2. rhenium (Re)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for bromomethane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Br for bromine. So, bromomethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, bromomethane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for rhenium contains one symbol: Re. So, rhenium is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, rhenium is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, hydrogen peroxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen peroxide is a compound, not an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. your niece,\nWhitney\n1. Your niece,\nWhitney" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI pulled Billy off the project because his work was sloppy. While we're at it, let's pull Maggie off the project, too. I haven't reviewed her work, but she's friends with Billy, so we cannot rely on the quality of her work either.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Maggie's work is low quality because her friend's work is low quality. However, the work of Maggie's friend does not necessarily reflect the quality of Maggie's work. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDeath, be not proud, though some have called thee\nMighty and dreadful, for thou are not so.\n\u2014John Donne, Holy Sonnet X\n\n0. assonance\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nDeath is a direct address to death, a nonhuman entity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nCody seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity.\n\n0. Cody has a hands-on approach to his work.\n1. Cody is successful at all that he does." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion the Midas touch suggests that Cody is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a spider's leg?\n\n0. 20 meters\n1. 20 kilometers\n2. 20 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a spider's leg is 20 millimeters.\n20 meters and 20 kilometers are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nveil - vowel\n\n0. valve\n1. virus" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince virus is between the guide words veil - vowel, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nIan can play the trumpet.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play the trumpet. Instead, some people learn how to play. So, playing the trumpet is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Chip's genotype for the fur texture gene?\n\n0. Ff\n1. straight fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Chip has one allele for straight fur (F) and one allele for wavy fur (f). So, Chip's genotype for the fur texture gene is Ff.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a motorboat that moved 245miles in 10hours\n1. a motorboat that moved 145miles in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne motorboat moved 245 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other motorboat moved 145 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each motorboat spent the same amount of time moving. The motorboat that moved 245 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an apple?\n\n0. 3 tons\n1. 3 ounces\n2. 3 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of an apple is 3 ounces.\n3 pounds and 3 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Mr. Duncan dedicated his book about the Alaskan wilderness to his wife and his three sons.\n1. Destiny might go to the science museum with Bob, or she might go alone." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nDestiny might go to the science museum with Bob, or she might go alone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Mrs. burnett,\n1. Dear Mrs. Burnett," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mrs. Burnett is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nKinsley has no school spirit\u2014she never comes to any of our football games.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Kinsley doesn't have school spirit, because she doesn't go to football games. However, there may be a number of reasons why Kinsley doesn't go to football games. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two gray whales. Which gray whale was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a gray whale that moved 35kilometers in 5hours\n1. a gray whale that moved 40kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each gray whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne gray whale moved 40 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other gray whale moved 35 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each gray whale spent the same amount of time moving. The gray whale that moved 40 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that gray whale must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a basketball court?\n\n0. 29 feet\n1. 29 yards\n2. 29 inches\n3. 29 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 29 yards.\n29 inches and 29 feet are too short. 29 miles is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nPhilip is good at baking.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to bake. Instead, many people learn how to bake. So, baking is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nSodium bromide is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether sodium bromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for sodium bromide, NaBr, contains two atomic symbols: Na for sodium and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that sodium bromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince sodium bromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, sodium bromide is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a play?\n\n0. \"Hex Marks the Spot\"\n1. ***Hex Marks the Spot***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A play should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Hex Marks the Spot**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ stores solid waste before it is released from the body?\n\n0. trachea\n1. large intestine\n2. esophagus\n3. muscles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Rick lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Rick lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Rick lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a hot day in the desert?\n\n0. 48\u00b0C\n1. 48\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a hot day in the desert is 48\u00b0C.\n48\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a metaphor?\n\n0. The car engine was a lion's roar.\n1. The car engine sounded like a lion's roar." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a metaphor:\nThe car engine was a lion's roar.\nThe words engine and roar are compared without the word like or as.\nThis sentence uses a simile:\nThe car engine sounded like a lion's roar.\nThe words engine and roar are compared using the word like.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Native copper is not made by living things. It is a pure substance.\n1. Baryte is a pure substance. It is not made by living things.\n2. Chocolate is not a pure substance. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nNative copper is a mineral.\nBaryte is a mineral.\nChocolate is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, chocolate is not a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Jane smiled and said hello when she ran into Zoe at the post office.\n1. When Jane ran into Zoe at the post office, she smiled and said hello." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Jane or Zoe.\nWhen Jane ran into Zoe at the post office, she smiled and said hello.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nJane smiled and said hello when she ran into Zoe at the post office.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Mom kisses Leslie's cheek Leslie smiles at Mom.\n1. Our cabin has bunk beds for the kids." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mom kisses Leslie's cheek Leslie smiles at Mom is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Mom kisses Leslie's cheek and Leslie smiles at Mom.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMyra thinks Mr. Harper is a Luddite because he doesn't own a cell phone.\n\n0. British history\n1. Roman history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.\nIn the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.\nThe allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. When Roxanne researched Dachshunds, it said that they can be short-haired, wire-haired, or long-haired.\n1. When Roxanne researched Dachshunds, the breed standard said that they can be short-haired, wire-haired, or long-haired." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the breed standard.\nWhen Roxanne researched Dachshunds, the breed standard said that they can be short-haired, wire-haired, or long-haired.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. I pretend to be a knight, and Mary pretends to be an astronaut.\n1. Mary will change the batteries in the radio tomorrow." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nI pretend to be a knight, and Mary pretends to be an astronaut.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the fish.\n\n0. albatross\n1. elongated tortoise\n2. green sea turtle\n3. manta ray" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A manta ray is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nRays have a different shape than many other fish. Rays are large and flat. They have wide, triangle-shaped fins that help them swim long distances.\nA green sea turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nSea turtles live in the water, but they lay their eggs on land.\nAn albatross is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nAlbatrosses live near the ocean. They hunt squid, fish, and other small animals.\nAn elongated tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text message is more formal?\n\n0. My apologies\u2014I'm stuck in traffic and will be late for our meeting.\n1. Oops, stuck in traffic. Will be late for our meeting. Sorry!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text message is more formal. It uses courteous language (my apologies) rather than casual language (oops, sorry!).\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMike says that he would not be the person he is today were it not for his childhood, which he describes as Dickensian.\n\n0. a poem\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Dickensian is literature.\nThe works of British author Charles Dickens often featured characters struggling to survive in settings such as debtors' prisons and orphanages.\nThe allusion Dickensian means harsh or poverty-stricken.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMalik got off the mountain by the skin of his teeth.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion by the skin of his teeth is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job complains to God about his hardships, saying that both strangers and those he loves have turned against him. He says, \"My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.\" Scholars have long debated the exact meaning of the phrase, but many claim that Job is saying that he narrowly escaped death.\nThe allusion by the skin of his teeth means just barely.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Ace's phenotype for the coat color trait?\n\n0. a black coat\n1. a reddish-brown coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Ace's phenotype for the coat color trait. First, consider the alleles in Ace's genotype for the coat color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for a black coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele.\nAce's genotype of Ll has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Ace's phenotype for the coat color trait must be a black coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDustin is a real Benedict Arnold. After promising to work on my campaign for class president, he decided to support my opponent.\n\n0. simile\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nBenedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMaria can ride a motorcycle.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nAustin is the best cook I know!\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. All the judges at the important meeting.\n1. The cardboard box gets wet it falls apart." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All the judges at the important meeting is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Riley decides to plant the roses. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. She will save some space. The roses will use up less space than the pine tree would have used up.\n1. Riley will give up the chance to look at the pine tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the roses." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Riley wants or needs:\nRiley will give up the chance to look at the pine tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the roses.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Ava's phenotype for the leg color trait?\n\n0. ll\n1. yellow legs" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Ava's observable version of the leg color trait is yellow legs. So, Ava's phenotype for the leg color trait is yellow legs.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nTroy, the company you work for just filed for bankruptcy! How can I trust you with our money?\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Troy must be fiscally irresponsible, because he works for a company that went bankrupt. However, even though his company is perceived as fiscally irresponsible, that doesn't necessarily mean that Troy is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nMona, I've told you a million times: you need to dry the dishes before you put them away.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nA million times is an exaggeration, since it is unlikely that Mona has actually been told this a million times.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Jasper investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?\n1. Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?\n2. Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nclass - curl\n\n0. castle\n1. cottage" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince cottage is between the guide words class - curl, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text message is more formal?\n\n0. Ms. Arnold is already here. She's waiting in the lobby.\n1. Heads up! Arnold is here. In the lobby." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Arnold). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nWhile waiting for her search results, Cara exclaimed, \"My Internet connection is as speedy as a snail!\"\n\n0. The Internet connection was very fast.\n1. The Internet connection was very slow." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs speedy as a snail suggests that the Internet connection was very slow. A snail is not speedy, and neither was Cara's Internet connection.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a can of soda pop?\n\n0. 320 liters\n1. 320 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 320 milliliters.\n320 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a basketball?\n\n0. 20 pounds\n1. 20 ounces\n2. 20 tons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a basketball is 20 ounces.\n20 pounds and 20 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Hunter,\n1. Dear hunter," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Hunter is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nteeth - trousers\n\n0. towel\n1. taught" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince towel is between the guide words teeth - trousers, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the reptile traits listed above.\n\n0. Green frogs have moist skin. Green frog tadpoles hatch from eggs without shells and live underwater. The adult frogs live on land near ponds and rivers. They may jump into the water to hide from predators.\n1. Chinese alligators live in lakes and streams in eastern China. They lay eggs with shells and live in underground burrows in the winter. Chinese alligators have scaly, waterproof skin." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nReptiles have the following traits:\nThey have scaly, waterproof skin.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Chinese alligator has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Chinese alligator has the traits of a reptile. A Chinese alligator is a reptile.\nA green frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA green frog does not have all of the traits of a reptile. A green frog is an amphibian.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAt twenty-one, Hector felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland.\n\n0. allusion\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 175-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 65\u00b0F\n1. a 175-gram glass of apple juice at a temperature of 40\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of apple juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 65\u00b0F glass of apple juice is hotter than the 40\u00b0F glass of apple juice, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle\nshaking up salad dressing\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nLoose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nShaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"It was my good luck to have to study for a test while all my friends went to the water park,\" Rodrigo remarked.\n\n0. Rodrigo was upset about staying home.\n1. Rodrigo wanted time to catch up on his responsibilities." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nGood luck ironically suggests that Rodrigo was upset about staying home. Rodrigo was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear aunt Zoe,\n1. Dear Aunt Zoe," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Zoe is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would stretch more?\n\n0. rubber band\n1. ceramic flower pot" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber band would stretch more. If you pull on a rubber band, it will get longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Dr. Larson and her team traveled by horseback to a remote village that had no modern medical services.\n1. Dr. Larson and her team took horses and went to a place that had no modern medical services." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (took, went).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word old on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nobject - orchard\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince old is between the guide words object - orchard, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Golden Gate Bridge?\n\n0. 2,750 meters\n1. 2,750 millimeters\n2. 2,750 centimeters\n3. 2,750 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of the Golden Gate Bridge is 2,750 meters.\n2,750 millimeters and 2,750 centimeters are too short. 2,750 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. ***Dogs on Duty***\n1. \"Dogs on Duty\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Dogs on Duty**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs fixing a sink a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether fixing a sink is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs fixing a sink something you can touch? No.\nIs fixing a sink a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, fixing a sink is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSidney has five fingers on each hand.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nSenator Logan announced today that she plans to cut funding to early childhood education programs. The last thing we need is a government official who hates children!\n\n0. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Senator Logan hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Logan wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMr. Walter signed his name on the letter.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, signed. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the pea color trait?\n\n0. yellow peas\n1. green peas" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine the pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait. First, consider the alleles in the plant's genotype for the pea color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for yellow peas (E) is dominant over the allele for green peas (e). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nThe pea plant's genotype of Ee has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait must be yellow peas.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Settlers in Madagascar should have done more to protect the elephant bird, which became extinct in the 1600s.\n1. Madagascar's elephant bird laid eggs the size of American footballs." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up the size of the elephant bird's eggs and the size of American footballs.\nMadagascar's elephant bird laid eggs the size of American footballs.\nThe second sentence states an opinion. Should indicates a personal judgment.\nSettlers in Madagascar should have done more to protect the elephant bird, which became extinct in the 1600 s.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSuzie has a scar on her right elbow.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncalves - cow\n\n0. cub\n1. chaos" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince chaos is between the guide words calves - cow, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Cara decides to get the sweet cream ice cream. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Cara will get a free waffle cone. She will enjoy the waffle cone.\n1. Cara will give up the chance to eat the strawberry cheesecake ice cream. She likes this flavor more than sweet cream." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Cara wants or needs:\nCara will give up the chance to eat the strawberry cheesecake ice cream. She likes this flavor more than sweet cream.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your niece,\nChristine\n1. your niece,\nChristine" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the Eighth Amendment say about \"cruel and unusual punishments\"?\n\n0. The government can only use cruel and unusual punishments against murderers.\n1. The government can never use cruel and unusual punishments.\n2. The government can use cruel and unusual punishments if it needs to.\n3. The government can only use cruel and unusual punishments during wars." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Eighth Amendment says that the government can never use \"cruel and unusual punishments.\" There are no special cases when they are allowed. What makes a punishment \"cruel or unusual\"? The answer is not clear. The Eighth Amendment doesn't talk about specific punishments. Over time, Americans have changed their views on what is cruel and unusual. For example, the government decided in 2005 that it was cruel to put someone to death for a crime he or she committed before the age of 18. Today, Americans continue to question what is cruel and unusual. In the future, some punishments used today may be outlawed. The text of the Eighth Amendment is below. Does it have rules against anything else? Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. water in a fishbowl\n1. chalk\n2. gold bracelet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"The Prince and the Surfer\"\n1. ***The Prince and the Surfer***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Prince and the Surfer**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nWhite chocolate does not contain cocoa solids, it contains milk solids, cocoa butter, sugar, and flavorings such as vanilla.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nWhite chocolate does not contain cocoa solids, it contains milk solids, cocoa butter, sugar, and flavorings such as vanilla.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nWhite chocolate does not contain cocoa solids. Instead, it contains milk solids, cocoa butter, sugar, and flavorings such as vanilla.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nJonah, you drive a beat-up car from the 1980s. For this reason, we can never allow you to be a lifeguard at the community pool.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that people who drive old cars are likely to be poor lifeguards. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to someone's qualifications to be a lifeguard. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nHow do I know that Samantha is the most intelligent person in our geometry class? I know because she's so smart.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Samantha is intelligent because she's smart. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 45\u00b0F\n1. 85\u00b0F\n2. 75\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 70 and 80. So, the temperature is 75\u00b0F.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Mount Rushmore is too difficult to travel to.\n1. There are four faces on Mount Rushmore." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nThere are four faces on Mount Rushmore.\nIt can be proved by observing Mount Rushmore.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nMount Rushmore is too difficult to travel to.\nDifficult shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how difficult is too difficult.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following statement true or false?\nThe cell wall is the outermost layer in a plant cell.\n\n0. false\n1. true" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cell wall is the outermost layer in a plant cell.\nThis statement is true. A plant cell has a cell wall. The cell wall is outside the cell membrane and is the outermost layer in a plant cell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. chloromethane (CH3Cl)\n1. calcium (Ca)\n2. phosphine (PH3)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for chloromethane contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Cl for chlorine. So, chloromethane is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, chloromethane is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for calcium contains one symbol: Ca. So, calcium is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, calcium is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for phosphine contains two symbols: P for phosphorus and H for hydrogen. So, phosphine is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, phosphine is a compound, not an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThis lunch meat has absolutely no additives, so it must be nutritious.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the lunch meat is nutritious because it contains no additives. However, even though the lunch meat has no additives, that doesn't necessarily mean that it is nutritious. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. More people visited Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2014 than visited Yosemite and Yellowstone combined.\n1. Great Smoky Mountains National Park is fantastic because it has 150 official hiking trails." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact. It can be verified by comparing the number of visitors to U.S. national parks in 2014.\nMore people visited Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2014 than visited Yosemite and Yellowstone combined.\nThe second sentence states an opinion. Fantastic indicates a personal judgment.\nGreat Smoky Mountains National Park is fantastic because it has 150 official hiking trails.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nGary spoke at the city council meeting, claiming the new recycling regulations were draconian.\n\n0. a fairy tale\n1. Greek history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion draconian is Greek history.\nDraco, a government official in seventh-century Athens, Greece, wrote a code of laws that called for severe punishments for even minor offenses.\nThe allusion draconian means harsh.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a cherry pie at a temperature of 110\u00b0F\n1. a cherry pie at a temperature of 80\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 110\u00b0F pie is hotter than the 80\u00b0F pie, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Trudy inherited this trait?\n\n0. Trudy's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Trudy.\n1. Trudy's hair is the same color as her brown eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nscan - swung\n\n0. spent\n1. sacrifice" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince spent is between the guide words scan - swung, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Maddie inherited this trait?\n\n0. Maddie's neighbor has green eyes.\n1. Maddie and her biological father wear sunglasses when they go outside.\n2. Maddie has green eyes like her biological mother." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nCellular respiration is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cellular respiration is a chemical change. Cells use oxygen to break down sugar. Breaking the chemical bonds in sugar molecules releases energy that a cell can use.\nThe atoms from the broken molecules then combine to form different molecules such as carbon dioxide and water. These molecules are different types of matter than sugar and oxygen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe mom and dad push the strollers at the same speed. Which stroller is pushed with a larger force?\n\n0. a stroller with kid that weighs 25 pounds\n1. a stroller with kid that weighs 30 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the stroller that is heavier.\nA stroller holding a kid that weighs 30 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 25 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 30 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nwater boiling on a stove\nice melting in a glass\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nIce melting in a glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not made.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncove - cylinder\n\n0. credit\n1. cattle" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince credit is between the guide words cove - cylinder, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Red Sea?\n\n0. 2,250 meters\n1. 2,250 centimeters\n2. 2,250 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of the Red Sea is 2,250 kilometers.\n2,250 centimeters and 2,250 meters are both too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word doctor on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ndessert - dust\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince doctor is between the guide words dessert - dust, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nKate needs a new pair of shoes.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, needs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Fairview. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Fairview?\n\n0. The supply probably went up.\n1. The supply probably went down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The population of Fairview fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Fairview has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Will sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound-complex\n2. complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Will sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. When Emma parked her scooter next to Mr. Chang's car, she noticed that the scooter had a flat tire.\n1. When Emma parked her scooter next to Mr. Chang's car, she noticed that it had a flat tire." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to her scooter or Mr. Chang's car.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the scooter.\nWhen Emma parked her scooter next to Mr. Chang's car, she noticed that the scooter had a flat tire.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nYesterday's tennis match was a classic David and Goliath story, with Hanson playing against his former team captain, Ernesto.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. a poem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion David and Goliath is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a young man named David slays Goliath, a giant and champion warrior, using nothing more than a sling and a stone.\nThe allusion David and Goliath means involving unequal rivals.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paintbrush?\n\n0. 25 centimeters\n1. 25 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 25 centimeters.\n25 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\nWhen matter is a gas, it spreads out to fill a space.\nMany gases are invisible. So, you can\u2019t see them. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. coffee\n1. wet paint\n2. chalk" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Wet paint is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour wet paint out of a can, the paint will change shape. But the wet paint will still take up the same amount of space.\nChalk is a solid. You can easily break chalk into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nCoffee is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour coffee into a different container, the coffee will take the shape of that container. But the coffee will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell. The cell membrane also protects the cell from the outside environment.\nThe cytoplasm is made up of a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell membrane. The cytoplasm supports the other cell parts and holds them in place. Many important chemical reactions happen in the cytoplasm.\nThe mitochondria break down sugar to release energy that the cell can use.\nThe vacuoles store nutrients, such as sugar, in the cell. Vacuoles also store water and waste.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities. It does this by sending instructions to different parts of the cell.\nThe chromosomes contain the information that the cell uses for growth and activities. In animal and plant cells, the chromosomes are inside the nucleus.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the part that fills most of the space inside an animal cell.\n\n0. vacuoles\n1. cytoplasm\n2. chromosomes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cytoplasm is made up of a thick liquid that fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.\nThe thick liquid is made mostly of water. It also includes other important chemicals and cell parts. The cytoplasm holds the cell's structures in place and protects them from being damaged.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Stuart's phenotype for the whisker type trait?\n\n0. curved whiskers\n1. straight whiskers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stuart's genotype for the whisker type gene is hh. Stuart's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for curved whiskers. So, Stuart's phenotype for the whisker type trait must be curved whiskers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Stuart's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for curved whiskers (h) is recessive to the allele for straight whiskers (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nStuart's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Stuart's phenotype for the whisker type trait must be curved whiskers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMabel never lies. She told me herself, so it must be true.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Mabel is telling the truth because she says she never lies. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Remy's phenotype for the body hair trait?\n\n0. Bb\n1. a hairy body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Remy's observable version of the body hair trait is a hairy body. So, Remy's phenotype for the body hair trait is a hairy body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nThe trawler plunged into the angry swells of the dark, furious sea.\n\u2014Robert Ludlum, The Bourne Identity\n\n0. The sea was fierce.\n1. The sea was deep in color." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nAngry and furious suggest that the sea was fierce. Those words describe an emotionally intense person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Only a fool would travel all the way to China to see rocks.\n1. The Stone Forest in southern China is a cluster of ancient limestone pillars." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nThe Stone Forest in southern China is a cluster of ancient limestone pillars.\nIt can be proved by reading a travel guide about China.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nOnly a fool would travel all the way to China to see rocks.\nOnly a fool shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is foolish.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. You will attract more customers if you extend the sale through the weekend.\n1. The barber and his brother opened their shop in Harlem more than thirty years ago." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction if.\nYou will attract more customers if you extend the sale through the weekend.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, nitrous oxide is a ().\n\n0. reactant\n1. product" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to nitrous oxide in this chemical reaction.\nTo help relieve pain during a dental visit, a dentist may give a patient nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide is made in factories by carefully heating ammonium nitrate. At 170\u00b0C, ammonium nitrate breaks down and forms a mixture of nitrous oxide gas and water vapor. After the mixture is collected, the water vapor is separated from the nitrous oxide gas.\nThe underlined text tells you that nitrous oxide forms when ammonium nitrate breaks down. Because nitrous oxide is produced by this chemical reaction, nitrous oxide is a product.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a crayon at a temperature of 91\u00b0F\n1. a crayon at a temperature of 53\u00b0F\n2. a crayon at a temperature of 41\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three crayons have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 91\u00b0F crayon is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe thing that makes Santiago stand out as a remarkable cellist is that he's a marvelous musician who plays the cello splendidly.\n\n0. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n2. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Santiago is a remarkable cellist because he plays the cello well. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Brian had to stay home with his brother because he wasn't feeling well.\n1. Brian's brother wasn't feeling well, so Brian had to stay home with him." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Brian or his brother.\nBrian had to stay home with his brother because he wasn't feeling well.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nBrian's brother wasn't feeling well, so Brian had to stay home with him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word random in its traditional sense?\n\n0. At the grocery store, Jayla hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\n1. Jayla made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses random in its traditional sense: made or occurring without a definite pattern.\nAt the grocery store, Jayla hastily grabbed fruits and vegetables at random, filling her shopping cart with a hodgepodge of food.\nThe second text uses random in its nontraditional sense: odd or out of place.\nJayla made a random trip to the grocery store, though her kitchen was already stocked with a hodgepodge of food.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word random because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe Dodson family is going to spend two weeks in Ocean City, but for Mateo it will be a working vacation, since he'll be checking in with the office every day.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. Life of Pi\n1. Life of pi" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Life of Pi.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth. My parents would have about two hemorrhages apiece if I told anything pretty personal about them.\n\u2014J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye\n\n0. anaphora\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nWould have about two hemorrhages apiece is an exaggeration, since the speaker's parents will not literally hemorrhage just because he talks about them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJulian's leaving his job? That's old news. He's been planning that for months.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOld news is a contradiction, because news is recent information.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a full bag of groceries?\n\n0. 8 tons\n1. 8 pounds\n2. 8 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 8 pounds.\n8 ounces is too light and 8 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. A bunch of banks are about to start charging higher checking account fees.\n1. Many banks will begin imposing higher fees for checking accounts." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (a bunch of).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that Caleb's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between Caleb and Earth () as he rode the escalator.\n\n0. increased\n1. stayed the same\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between Caleb and the center of Earth changed.\nThe second floor is higher than the first floor. As he rode the escalator toward the second floor, the distance between Caleb and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Caleb and Earth increased as he rode the escalator.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. Lysosomes are the sites where ribosomes build proteins in animal cells.\n1. The endoplasmic reticulum is outside the nucleus in an animal cell.\n2. The cell wall stores nutrients, water, and waste in a plant cell." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nThe Small Dark Spot is the name of a cyclone that occurred on the planet Neptune.\n\n0. declarative\n1. exclamatory\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. \"With an Open Heart\"\n1. ***With an Open Heart***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **With an Open Heart**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. I followed Vicky's recipe, but my chicken pot pie tasted nothing like hers.\n1. The famous Venus de Milo statue was found on Milos, a volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Sea." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nI followed Vicky's recipe, but my chicken pot pie tasted nothing like hers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. My uncle just moved to Italy, so he will need to learn Italian.\n1. The cook tastes too much salt in the soup." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nMy uncle just moved to Italy, so he will need to learn Italian.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nIn the early 1960s, Alan and Doris Litman, a couple in Pittsburgh, invented mace (a nontoxic tear gas), after one of Doris's colleagues was mugged, the Litmans wanted to create a safe product that women could use in self-defense.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nIn the early 1960 s, Alan and Doris Litman, a couple in Pittsburgh, invented mace (a nontoxic tear gas), after one of Doris's colleagues was mugged, the Litmans wanted to create a safe product that women could use in self-defense.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nIn the early 1960 s, Alan and Doris Litman, a couple in Pittsburgh, invented mace (a nontoxic tear gas). After one of Doris's colleagues was mugged, the Litmans wanted to create a safe product that women could use in self-defense.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change better matches the sentence?\nA grassland catches fire and burns.\n\n0. wildfire\n1. erosion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Rachel acquired this trait?\n\n0. Rachel knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Rachel learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe audience at the 2012 Olympics cheered as, with Herculean effort, Kim Un-Guk of North Korea set an Olympic record by lifting a 153-kilogram weight.\n\n0. alliteration\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nHerculean alludes to Hercules, a hero in Greek mythology who was known for his strength and courage.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Casper's phenotype for the Tobiano patterning trait?\n\n0. not having Tobiano patterning\n1. having Tobiano patterning" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Casper's genotype for the Tobiano patterning gene is BB. Casper's genotype of BB has only B allelles. The B allele is for having Tobiano patterning. So, Casper's phenotype for the Tobiano patterning trait must be having Tobiano patterning.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Casper's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having Tobiano patterning (B) is dominant over the allele for not having Tobiano patterning (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nCasper's genotype of BB has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Casper's phenotype for the Tobiano patterning trait must be having Tobiano patterning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Riding in a hot-air balloon is more exciting than flying in a plane.\n1. In hot-air balloons, passengers ride in baskets." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nIn hot-air balloons, passengers ride in baskets.\nIt can be proved by looking at a picture of hot-air balloons.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nRiding in a hot-air balloon is more exciting than flying in a plane.\nMore exciting shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which one is more exciting.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Devon,\n1. dear Devon," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Devon is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich cookie has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter cookie\n1. the colder cookie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two cookies are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder cookie has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Last winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\n1. Last winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Clarence tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Clarence's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nshack - spade\n\n0. squirrel\n1. source" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince source is between the guide words shack - spade, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nThe Cohen family donated a number of gently loved books and toys to a local shelter.\n\n0. The items were precious.\n1. The items were not new." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism gently loved means the items were not new. Gently loved is a nicer way of referring to used items.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nrust forming on a metal gate\nburning food on a stove\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nBurning food on a stove is a chemical change. When the food burns, the type of matter in it changes. The food turns black and gives off smoke.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But rust forming on a metal gate is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmixing sand and water\nsediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nLoose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change.\nThe sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMayor Stanley wants to create more bicycle lanes in Fairview. However, many citizens of Fairview live far from work. It would not be realistic to force us to give up our cars and bike everywhere.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n2. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Mayor Stanley wants people to give up their cars. However, this misrepresents Mayor Stanley's argument. Mayor Stanley only wants to create more bike lanes. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nFair river! In thy bright, clear flow\nOf crystal, wandering water,\nThou art an emblem of the glow\nOf beauty . . . \u2014Edgar Allan Poe, \"To the River\"\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. antithesis" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nFair river! is a direct address to a river, a nonhuman entity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. far\n1. her\n2. star" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words far and star rhyme. They both end with the ar sound.\nThe word her does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Caleb inherited this trait?\n\n0. Caleb's mother cuts his hair every month.\n1. Caleb's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Caleb." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this pea plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait?\n\n0. wrinkled peas\n1. ee" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The pea plant's observable version of the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas. So, the plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nI can't believe this is Luna's first time seeing the Pacific Ocean!\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem,\" Jasper joked with a yawn.\n\n0. Jasper finds roosters amusing.\n1. Jasper slept poorly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nSleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Jasper slept poorly. Jasper was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nThe right hemisphere of the human brain typically controls muscle movement on the left side of the body.\n\n0. compound\n1. compound-complex\n2. simple\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nThe right hemisphere of the human brain typically controls muscle movement on the left side of the body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmelting wax\nknitting yarn into a scarf\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMelting wax is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The wax changes from solid to liquid. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nKnitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWax melting is caused by heating. But knitting yarn is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"This mattress is as soft as concrete,\" Bob complained as he tested the bed in his hotel room.\n\n0. personification\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs soft as concrete shows verbal irony because concrete is not soft.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbreaking a ceramic plate\nwater vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nWater vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes state from gas in the air to liquid water on the mirror. But the water vapor and the liquid water are both made of water.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater vapor condensing is caused by cooling. But breaking a ceramic plate is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nIsabella had her fifteen minutes when her video of kayaking with dolphins went viral.\n\n0. Greek history\n1. modern history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion fifteen minutes is modern history.\nIn a catalog that accompanied an exhibit of his work, pop artist Andy Warhol said, \"In the future, everybody will be world-famous for fifteen minutes,\" meaning that fame would be briefly available even to those who did nothing spectacular.\nThe allusion fifteen minutes means a temporary moment of celebrity status.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Trachyte is not made by living things. It is a solid.\n1. Scoria is not a pure substance. It is a solid.\n2. Plastic is made in a factory. It is not a pure substance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nScoria is a rock.\nPlastic is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature.\nSo, plastic is not a rock.\nTrachyte is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following is better evidence that Ellen's kinetic energy changed?\n\n0. When Ellen started pedaling her bike, she began moving along the street.\n1. When Ellen got on her bike, her feet were no longer touching the ground." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The kinetic energy of an object depends on the object's speed. So, a change in Ellen's speed is evidence of a change in her kinetic energy.\nThis statement shows that Ellen's speed changed:\nWhen Ellen started pedaling her bike, she began moving along the street.\nThis statement does not show that Ellen's speed changed:\nWhen Ellen got on her bike, her feet were no longer touching the ground.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word load on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nlent - livestock\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince load is not between the guide words lent - livestock, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nJackson stirred the sauce on the stove.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, stirred. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Michelle acquired this trait?\n\n0. Michelle can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night.\n1. Michelle is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day.\n2. A pilot taught Michelle how to fly a plane." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nacademy - apparent\n\n0. affair\n1. aviator" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince affair is between the guide words academy - apparent, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nSally is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. complex\n1. simple\n2. compound\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nSally is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Rita rode down the hill.\n\n0. decreased\n1. increased\n2. stayed the same" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Rita started sledding. As Rita rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Rita rode down the hill.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a paper drinking cup?\n\n0. 115 liters\n1. 115 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a paper drinking cup is 115 milliliters.\n115 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Matthew sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. simple\n1. complex\n2. compound\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Matthew sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 5-kilogram brick at a temperature of 385\u00b0F\n1. a 5-kilogram brick at a temperature of 390\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bricks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 385\u00b0F brick is colder than the 390\u00b0F brick, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is smoother?\n\n0. plastic bucket\n1. burlap sack" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the plastic bucket is smoother. If you touch a plastic bucket like this one, it will not feel rough.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Joseph investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does vegetable oil separate faster when stirred together with cold water or with hot water?\n1. Does vegetable oil separate faster when stirred together with vinegar or with water?\n2. Does vinegar separate faster when stirred together with olive oil or with coconut oil?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change better matches the sentence?\nLava comes out from below Earth's surface.\n\n0. wildfire\n1. volcanic eruption" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word hole on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nhello - hire\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hole is not between the guide words hello - hire, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nAbout half of the days each year are partly cloudy in Honolulu, Hawaii.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nAbout half of the days each year are partly cloudy in Honolulu, Hawaii.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of clouds in Honolulu. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. cockatoo\n1. whiptail lizard\n2. cricket\n3. minnow" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A whiptail lizard is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a whiptail lizard is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA cockatoo is a bird. Like other birds, a cockatoo is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA minnow is a fish. Like other fish, a minnow is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA cricket is an insect. Like other insects, a cricket is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nDoes Lila prefer pizza or pasta?\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Becky investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?\n1. When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?\n2. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Shelby acquired this trait?\n\n0. Shelby learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting.\n1. Shelby is most interested in human biology." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"Deb is such a Pollyanna!\" Kendrick announced with a sigh.\n\n0. literature\n1. British history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Pollyanna is literature.\nThe character Pollyanna, from Eleanor Porter's children's book, is a young girl who finds good in everything and everyone.\nThe allusion Pollyanna means an overly optimistic person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Henry acquired this trait?\n\n0. Henry learned to speak two languages in school.\n1. Henry's mother speaks one language." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. The Indian town of Cherrapunji gets a lot of rain every year.\n1. Cherrapunji, India, receives nearly 460 inches of rain each year." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (gets, a lot of).\nThe second sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. McKinney Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions.\n1. McKinney Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsilver - strait\n\n0. soil\n1. swap" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince soil is between the guide words silver - strait, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"There's nothing I love more than skipping lunch,\" Mr. Fowler told the flight attendant when he learned that no food would be available on his cross-country flight.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. allusion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nNothing I love more shows verbal irony because Mr. Fowler is probably upset that there isn't anything to eat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Chase inherited this trait?\n\n0. Chase and his father both have dark hair.\n1. Chase's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Chase." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Deion was playing the piano in the living room when Dad called him for dinner.\n1. Madison Chock and Gracie Gold were two American figure skaters in the Sochi 2014 Olympics." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction when.\nDeion was playing the piano in the living room when Dad called him for dinner.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Zuri's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. a spotted coat\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Zuri's phenotype for the coat pattern trait. First, consider the alleles in Zuri's genotype for the coat pattern gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for a spotted coat (A) is dominant over the allele for a black coat (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nZuri's genotype of Aa has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Zuri's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be a spotted coat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. an orange at a temperature of 64\u00b0F\n1. an orange at a temperature of 57\u00b0F\n2. an orange at a temperature of 68\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three oranges have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 68\u00b0F orange is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a small beach bucket?\n\n0. 5 cups\n1. 5 fluid ounces\n2. 5 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a small beach bucket is 5 cups.\n5 fluid ounces is too little and 5 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nMr. Sharma gave a lecture on water conservation, during which he stressed the importance of not watering lawns during a drought.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. pail\n1. fine\n2. nine" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words fine and nine rhyme. They both end with the ine sound.\nThe word pail does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the sailboat's motion?\n\n0. The sailboat is accelerating.\n1. The sailboat has a constant velocity." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sailboat is speeding up. So, the sailboat is accelerating.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nAmanda felt a roller coaster of emotions when she heard the news.\n\n0. Amanda felt delighted about the news.\n1. Amanda had varied feelings." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor Amanda felt a roller coaster of emotions suggests that Amanda had varied feelings. A roller coaster has a dramatic mix of ups and downs, and so do Amanda's feelings.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Avocado trees have green leaves.\n1. Cobras eat small animals." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A cobra is an animal. It eats small animals.\nCobras can live to be 20 years old.\nAn avocado tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nEach avocado has one large seed inside.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Skip's phenotype for the horns trait?\n\n0. not having horns\n1. having horns" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Skip's phenotype for the horns trait. First, consider the alleles in Skip's genotype for the horns gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nSkip's genotype of Hh has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Skip's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDid you really vote for Jaden as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?\n\n0. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Jaden can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Jaden can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDustin's room is as tidy as an overgrown garden.\n\n0. onomatopoeia\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can David investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do rubber balloons or foil balloons stick to the wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n1. Do rubber balloons stick to a cotton blanket or a wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?\n2. Do rubber balloons stick to a wooden door or a metal door longer after being rubbed on his hair?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fish's phenotype for the body color trait?\n\n0. a greenish-brown body\n1. a pink body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Nile tilapia fish's genotype for the body color gene is bb. The Nile tilapia fish's genotype of bb has only b alleles. The b allele is for a pink body. So, the Nile tilapia fish's phenotype for the body color trait must be a pink body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the Nile tilapia fish's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a pink body (b) is recessive to the allele for a greenish-brown body (B). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nThe Nile tilapia fish's genotype of bb has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the Nile tilapia fish's phenotype for the body color trait must be a pink body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait?\n\n0. not having horns\n1. having horns" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Daffodil's genotype for the horns gene is hh. Daffodil's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for having horns. So, Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Daffodil's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nDaffodil's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. During Homecoming Weekend, everyone is invited to come to a fancy dinner and other events at the college.\n1. During Homecoming Weekend, former students are invited to attend a banquet and other events at the college." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses overly simple or imprecise language (everyone, come to).\nThe first sentence uses more precise language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this pea plant's phenotype for the pea color trait?\n\n0. green peas\n1. ee" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The pea plant's observable version of the pea color trait is green peas. So, the plant's phenotype for the pea color trait is green peas.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWhen Sally first joined the track team, she was afraid of jumping, but she got over that hurdle.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. pun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. \"This morning, the newspaper said that Lucy Morton won the mayoral election in Allenville,\" Josh remarked to his sister.\n1. \"This morning, it said that Lucy Morton won the mayoral election in Allenville,\" Josh remarked to his sister." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the newspaper.\n\"This morning, the newspaper said that Lucy Morton won the mayoral election in Allenville,\" Josh remarked to his sister.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would stretch the most?\n\n0. glass bottle\n1. rubber balloons\n2. diamond" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber balloons would stretch the most. If you pull on a rubber balloon, it will get longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Blaze's phenotype for the horns trait?\n\n0. not having horns\n1. having horns" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Blaze's genotype for the horns gene is hh. Blaze's genotype of hh has only h alleles. The h allele is for having horns. So, Blaze's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Blaze's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having horns (H) is dominant over the allele for having horns (h). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.\nBlaze's genotype of hh has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Blaze's phenotype for the horns trait must be having horns.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a bowl of ice cream?\n\n0. 35\u00b0F\n1. 35\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a bowl of ice cream is 35\u00b0F.\n35\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Mandy didn't enter student politics until her junior year.\n1. Mandy did not enter student politics until her junior year." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe first sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Nick shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\n1. Nick shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nNick shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nThe second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nNick shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. best wishes,\nNick\n1. Best wishes,\nNick" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDid Dalton vote for Sofia for school president, or does he hate her for some reason?\n\n0. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Dalton either voted for Sofia or he hates her. However, Dalton could have voted for someone he considers a better candidate while still liking Sofia. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses end rhyme.\n\n0. Brown and furry\nCaterpillar in a hurry,\nTake your walk\nTo the shady leaf, or stalk,\nOr what not,\nWhich may be the chosen spot.\n1. The Sandman comes pattering across the Bay:\nHis hair is silver,\nHis footstep soft.\nThe moon shines on his silver hair,\nOn his quick feet." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses end rhyme. Its rhymes come at the end of its lines.\nWhich may be the chosen spot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word strife on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsold - swell\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince strife is between the guide words sold - swell, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Amazon River?\n\n0. 4,000 feet\n1. 4,000 yards\n2. 4,000 miles\n3. 4,000 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of the Amazon River is 4,000 miles.\n4,000 inches, 4,000 feet, and 4,000 yards are all too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take for a pot of water to start boiling on a hot stove?\n\n0. 10 hours\n1. 10 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes for a pot of water to start boiling on a hot stove is 10 minutes.\n10 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. ladybug\n1. moon jellyfish\n2. greater flamingo\n3. fly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A greater flamingo is a bird. Like other birds, a greater flamingo is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nLike other jellyfishes, a moon jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Carly investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a closed jar or eight ounces of water in an open jar get warmer?\n1. Will eight ounces of carbonated water or eight ounces of tap water get warmer when placed in a jar in the sun?\n2. When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a glass jar or eight ounces of water in a plastic cup get warmer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nThe Gullah Geechee Heritage Corridor, which stretches from the Cape Fear River in North Carolina to the St. John's River in Florida, was established by Congress to recognize and preserve the cultural and historical contributions of the descendants of the West African slaves brought to the United States around the 1700s.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nThe Gullah Geechee Heritage Corridor, which stretches from the Cape Fear River in North Carolina to the St. John's River in Florida, was established by Congress to recognize and preserve the cultural and historical contributions of the descendants of the West African slaves brought to the United States around the 1700 s.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nTables and chairs had been knocked over and the floor was strewn with cups and plates as if in the wake of a recent Saturnalia.\n\n0. a poem\n1. Roman history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Saturnalia is Roman history.\nAncient Romans celebrated Saturn, the god of agriculture, each December during a weeklong period of uninhibited revelry.\nThe allusion Saturnalia means an indulgent festival.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nBrian plays basketball.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a salt shaker?\n\n0. 45 milliliters\n1. 45 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a salt shaker is 45 milliliters.\n45 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bowl of soup?\n\n0. 285 liters\n1. 285 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a bowl of soup is 285 milliliters.\n285 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich body part lets you think?\n\n0. brain\n1. muscles\n2. heart" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nNora rubbed coconut oil on her hands, which were like the parched earth during a drought.\n\n0. Nora's hands were dry and cracked.\n1. Nora was baking something." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Nora's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word frame on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nfeast - foreign\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince frame is not between the guide words feast - foreign, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. twin\n1. reach\n2. beach" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words beach and reach rhyme. They both end with the each sound.\nThe word twin does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nRoman gladiators consumed more calcium than everyday Roman citizens the source of that calcium may have been the ashes of burned plants.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a run-on sentence. It is formed from two sentences run together, joined without punctuation.\nRoman gladiators consumed more calcium than everyday Roman citizens the source of that calcium may have been the ashes of burned plants.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nRoman gladiators consumed more calcium than everyday Roman citizens; the source of that calcium may have been the ashes of burned plants.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nChloe submitted her suggestions to Dylan; now the ball is in his court.\n\n0. Dylan needs to act next.\n1. Dylan has some difficult work to do." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Dylan needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. mosquito\n1. Christmas tree worm\n2. moon jellyfish\n3. bald eagle" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A mosquito is an insect. Like other insects, a mosquito is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nLike other jellyfishes, a moon jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA Christmas tree worm is a worm. Like other worms, a Christmas tree worm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA bald eagle is a bird. Like other birds, a bald eagle is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a sunflower seed?\n\n0. 15 millimeters\n1. 15 meters\n2. 15 centimeters\n3. 15 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a sunflower seed is 15 millimeters.\n15 centimeters, 15 meters, and 15 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nJeremiah campaigned tirelessly in support of his neighbor's bid for elective office.\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. interrogative\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a pair of boots?\n\n0. 4 tons\n1. 4 pounds\n2. 4 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a pair of boots is 4 pounds.\n4 ounces is too light and 4 tons is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Captain's phenotype for the cheek color trait?\n\n0. bright orange cheeks\n1. pale orange cheeks" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Captain's phenotype for the cheek color trait. First, consider the alleles in Captain's genotype for the cheek color gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for bright orange cheeks (R) is dominant over the allele for pale orange cheeks (r). This means R is a dominant allele, and r is a recessive allele.\nCaptain's genotype of Rr has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Captain's phenotype for the cheek color trait must be bright orange cheeks.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a carton of orange juice?\n\n0. 65 cups\n1. 65 fluid ounces\n2. 65 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a carton of orange juice is 65 fluid ounces.\n65 cups and 65 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Shane decides to go on the super starship. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Shane will spend more ride tickets on the super starship than he would have spent on the Ferris wheel.\n1. Shane will have more fun on the super starship than he would have had on the Ferris wheel." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Shane wants or needs:\nShane will spend more ride tickets on the super starship than he would have spent on the Ferris wheel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a full box of cereal?\n\n0. 460 grams\n1. 460 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 460 grams.\n460 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Milford. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Milford?\n\n0. The supply probably went down.\n1. The supply probably went up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The population of Milford fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Milford has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Pepe's phenotype for the ear type trait?\n\n0. dumbo ears\n1. normal ears" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Pepe's genotype for the ear type gene is EE. Pepe's genotype of EE has only E allelles. The E allele is for normal ears. So, Pepe's phenotype for the ear type trait must be normal ears.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Pepe's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for dumbo ears (e) is recessive to the allele for normal ears (E). This means E is a dominant allele, and e is a recessive allele.\nPepe's genotype of EE has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Pepe's phenotype for the ear type trait must be normal ears.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nPebbles are left behind by a fast-flowing river.\n\n0. drought\n1. deposition\n2. landslide" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJayce can play the viola.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play the viola. Instead, some people learn how to play. So, playing the viola is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word postage on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npave - primary\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince postage is between the guide words pave - primary, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Honey's phenotype for the fur length trait?\n\n0. ff\n1. long fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Honey's observable version of the fur length trait is long fur. So, Honey's phenotype for the fur length trait is long fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bottle of cough syrup?\n\n0. 10 cups\n1. 10 fluid ounces\n2. 10 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of cough syrup is 10 fluid ounces.\n10 cups and 10 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Flopsy's phenotype for the fur length trait?\n\n0. ff\n1. long fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Flopsy's observable version of the fur length trait is long fur. So, Flopsy's phenotype for the fur length trait is long fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nIn 2013, former vice president Al Gore decided to give up eating all animal products, including meat, dairy, and eggs.\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fruit fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait?\n\n0. Aa\n1. mutated antennae" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The fruit fly's observable version of the antenna type trait is mutated antennae. So, the fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait is mutated antennae.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a 150-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 26\u00b0C\n1. a 150-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 7\u00b0C\n2. a 150-gram glass of orange juice at a temperature of 6\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three glasses of orange juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 26\u00b0C glass of orange juice is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nForced to choose between Scylla and Charybdis, Ezra threw up his hands in dismay.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Scylla and Charybdis is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Scylla and Charybdis were two sea monsters located on either side of a narrow strait in the Mediterranean Sea.\nThe allusion Scylla and Charybdis means a pair of distasteful alternatives.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that does not have a backbone.\n\n0. bess beetle\n1. minnow" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A minnow is a fish. Like other fish, a minnow has a backbone.\nA bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na penny tarnishing\na dinosaur bone turning into rock over millions of years\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nA dinosaur bone turning into rock is a chemical change. The matter that made up the bone when it was alive begins to break down. Over a long time, a different type of matter starts forming inside small gaps in the bone. The matter is made of minerals from the earth.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Julia inherited this trait?\n\n0. Julia's biological parents have red hair. Julia also has red hair.\n1. Julia's neighbor also has straight hair.\n2. Julia's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nCindy thinks Mr. Ferguson is a Luddite because he doesn't own a cell phone.\n\n0. Roman history\n1. British history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Luddite is British history.\nIn the early nineteenth century, factories were replacing the jobs of craftsmen. Some of these craftsmen banded together to destroy the new machinery; those who did so were called Luddites.\nThe allusion Luddite means a person opposed to new technology.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Sofia acquired this trait?\n\n0. Sofia was not born knowing how to identify different bird calls. She had to learn this skill.\n1. Sofia likes to photograph birds at the zoo." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe hum of the computer concerned Jacob. Was the problem with the power supply or the hard drive?\n\n0. onomatopoeia\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nHum represents the sound the computer was making.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. \"What Love Is For\"\n1. ***What Love Is For***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **What Love Is For**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day?\n\n0. 43\u00b0C\n1. 43\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 43\u00b0F.\n43\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Over the summer, my cousin Ling visited many times.\n1. She sings our favorite song, we clap for her." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "She sings our favorite song, we clap for her is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: She sings our favorite song and We clap for her.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the amphibian.\n\n0. hippopotamus\n1. California toad\n2. bald eagle\n3. fruit bat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nFruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins.\nA bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nBald eagles live in trees near water. They build nests that can be up to 13 feet wide!\nA hippopotamus is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHippopotamuses keep cool by lying in mud or water.\nA California toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. \"This morning, it said that Megan Williamson won the mayoral election in Belmont,\" Eddie remarked to his sister.\n1. \"This morning, the newspaper said that Megan Williamson won the mayoral election in Belmont,\" Eddie remarked to his sister." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the newspaper.\n\"This morning, the newspaper said that Megan Williamson won the mayoral election in Belmont,\" Eddie remarked to his sister.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her narrative voice?\nDuring our last game, our pitcher Wyatt suddenly grabbed his wrist after throwing a fastball. Coach Carey asked him if he was OK, and Wyatt said that it hurt. None of us knew what was wrong with him and he was whisked off to the doctor, who ultimately diagnosed a forearm strain and wrist tendinitis. After three weeks of rehabilitation, Wyatt finally returned. Coach Carey said he was glad Wyatt was back, and Wyatt said he was happy and relieved.\n\n0. by adding dialogue\n1. by using active voice\n2. by removing biased language" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her narrative voice by adding dialogue.\nFor example, the writer could replace the underlined sentences with exchanges between Coach Carey and Wyatt.\nDuring our last game, our pitcher Wyatt suddenly grabbed his wrist after throwing a fastball. Coach Carey asked him if he was OK, and Wyatt said that it hurt. None of us knew what was wrong with him and he was whisked off to the doctor, who ultimately diagnosed a forearm strain and wrist tendinitis. After three weeks of rehabilitation, Wyatt finally returned. Coach Carey said he was glad Wyatt was back, and Wyatt said he was happy and relieved.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a meatball at a temperature of 22\u00b0C\n1. a meatball at a temperature of 27\u00b0C\n2. a meatball at a temperature of 20\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three meatballs have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 20\u00b0C meatball is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nSeth's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Nutmeg's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. dark fur\n1. FF" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Nutmeg's observable version of the fur color trait is dark fur. So, Nutmeg's phenotype for the fur color trait is dark fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. The muffins and sticky buns at Midtown Bakery are delicious.\n1. The muffins and sticky buns at Midtown Bakery are to die for." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (to die for).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSandra is good at knitting hats.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would stretch the most?\n\n0. gold crown\n1. plastic water pitcher\n2. cotton head band" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the cotton head band would stretch the most. If you pull the ends of a cotton headband, it will get longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Wayne acquired this trait?\n\n0. Wayne's scar is on his left knee. His mother also has a scar on her left knee.\n1. Wayne's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his leg when he fell off his skateboard.\n2. Wayne's brother has scars on both of his knees." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the bowl's motion?\n\n0. The bowl is accelerating.\n1. The bowl has a constant velocity." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The bowl is remaining motionless. So, the bowl has a constant velocity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a leather belt?\n\n0. 31 inches\n1. 31 feet\n2. 31 miles\n3. 31 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 31 inches.\n31 feet, 31 yards, and 31 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJeanette insisted that her dog wasn't fat; she said that he was merely well-fed.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nWell-fed is an indirect way of saying overweight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fruit fly's genotype for the eye color gene?\n\n0. Ee\n1. red eyes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The fruit fly has one allele for red eyes (E) and one allele for brown eyes (e). So, the fly's genotype for the eye color gene is Ee.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear grandma lucy,\n1. Dear Grandma Lucy," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandma Lucy is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nAll of my friends are coming to my birthday party. If Kira doesn't, she might as well tell me that she doesn't like me.\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that if Kira doesn't go to the speaker's birthday party, it means that she hates the speaker. However, there may be a number of reasons why Kira wouldn't go to the party. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a bench?\n\n0. 10 feet\n1. 10 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a bench is 10 feet.\n10 yards is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nMobile, Alabama, had high humidity over the weekend.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nMobile, Alabama, had high humidity over the weekend.\nHumidity is the amount of water in the air.\nThis passage tells you about the humidity in Mobile last weekend. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. With Love,\nRon\n1. With love,\nRon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Fairfax has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Fairfax's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go down.\n1. The supply will probably go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Fairfax. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a crayon at a temperature of 15\u00b0C\n1. a crayon at a temperature of 11\u00b0C\n2. a crayon at a temperature of 8\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three crayons have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 15\u00b0C crayon is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the pod color trait?\n\n0. yellow pods\n1. green pods" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pea plant's genotype for the pod color gene is DD. The pea plant's genotype of DD has only D allelles. The D allele is for green pods. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pod color trait must be green pods.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the pea plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for yellow pods (d) is recessive to the allele for green pods (D). This means D is a dominant allele, and d is a recessive allele.\nThe pea plant's genotype of DD has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pod color trait must be green pods.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. There are seven continents on earth, South America is one of them.\n1. The cook always wears an apron." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There are seven continents on earth, South America is one of them is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: There are seven continents on earth and South America is one of them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. Gives the baby a bath.\n1. The bird has a sharp beak." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Gives the baby a bath is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nSilver is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether silver is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for silver is Ag. This formula contains one symbol: Ag. So, the formula tells you that silver is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, silver is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nHear the sledges with the bells,\nSilver bells!\n. . . . . . . . .\nHow they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle,\nIn the icy air of night!\n\u2014Edgar Allan Poe, \"The Bells\"\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nTinkle, tinkle, tinkle represents the sound of sleigh bells.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Vijay decides to make vegetable soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Vijay will spend more time making the vegetable soup than he would have spent making the egg drop soup.\n1. The vegetable soup will be tastier than the egg drop soup would have been." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Vijay wants or needs:\nVijay will spend more time making the vegetable soup than he would have spent making the egg drop soup.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. thank you,\nDavid\n1. Thank you,\nDavid" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. black fur\n1. brown fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Ringo's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Ringo's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for brown fur. So, Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Ringo's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nRingo's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Ringo's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 35\u00b0C\n1. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 40\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 35\u00b0C bowl of oatmeal is colder than the 40\u00b0C bowl of oatmeal, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nAva is between jobs right now, so she's selling some of her old jewelry to help pay the bills.\n\n0. Ava is short on cash.\n1. Ava is unemployed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism between jobs means that Ava is unemployed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Did Ken and his brother look through the user manual before trying to fix his computer?\n1. Did Ken and his brother look through the user manual before trying to fix Ken's computer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Ken's or his brother's.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with Ken's.\nDid Ken and his brother look through the user manual before trying to fix Ken's computer?\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. It is like pulling teeth to convince patients to make lifestyle changes that will improve their health.\n1. It can be difficult to convince patients to make lifestyle changes that will improve their health." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (like pulling teeth).\nThe second sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Chance's phenotype for the fur texture trait?\n\n0. soft fur\n1. rough fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to determine Chance's phenotype for the fur texture trait. First, consider the alleles in Chance's genotype for the fur texture gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive.\nThe allele for rough fur (F) is dominant over the allele for soft fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nChance's genotype of Ff has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Chance's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be rough fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plant and animal cells have many parts in common, but not all. This table shows some of their similarities and differences.\nCell part | Plant cell | Animal cell\ncell wall | yes | no\ncell membrane | yes | yes\ncytoplasm | yes | yes\nmitochondria | yes | yes\nvacuole | yes | yes\nchloroplasts | yes | no\nnucleus | yes | yes\nchromosomes | yes | yes\nThink about how plant and animal cells are different:\nPlant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. The cell wall helps plant cells keep a fixed shape. Most animal cells do not have a fixed shape.\nPlant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. Chloroplasts make sugar that plants cells can use as food. Animal cells cannot make their own food.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following parts does an animal cell have?\n\n0. chromosomes\n1. cell wall\n2. chloroplasts" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Harper decides to see the grizzly bears. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Harper will spend more time walking to the grizzly bears. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the gorillas are close by.\n1. Harper will enjoy seeing the grizzly bears more than she would have enjoyed seeing the gorillas." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Harper wants or needs:\nHarper will spend more time walking to the grizzly bears. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the gorillas are close by.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Dad remembered to buy groceries, but he forgot the grape jelly.\n1. The nervous swimmer steps onto the diving platform." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nDad remembered to buy groceries, but he forgot the grape jelly.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\n\nQuestion:\nWas there a surplus or a shortage of videogames?\n\n0. surplus\n1. shortage" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the current price, there were not enough copies of the videogame for sale. There were 100 copies for sale, but 150 people wanted to buy one.\nSo, there was a shortage of copies.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the bird.\n\n0. anchovy\n1. porcupinefish\n2. fruit bat\n3. flamingo" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An anchovy is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nAn anchovy is a small fish that lives in the ocean. Like some other types of fish, anchovies swim in large groups called schools.\nA porcupinefish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPorcupinefish can puff up their bodies with air or water to scare off predators.\nA flamingo is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks.\nA fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nFruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nBridgeport, Connecticut, had cool temperatures over the weekend.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nBridgeport, Connecticut, had cool temperatures over the weekend.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature in Bridgeport over the weekend. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nTake care to get what you like or you will be forced to like what you get.\n\u2014George Bernard Shaw, Man and Superman\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. paradox" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nThe second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words get and like relative to the first half.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a car?\n\n0. 4 miles\n1. 4 feet\n2. 4 inches\n3. 4 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a car is 4 yards.\n4 inches and 4 feet are too short. 4 miles is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nSuzie has a scar on her right leg.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npasture - polish\n\n0. pinch\n1. purpose" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince pinch is between the guide words pasture - polish, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Michelle blows big bubbles, Victor pops them.\n1. Darkness comes quickly on long winter nights." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Michelle blows big bubbles, Victor pops them is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: Michelle blows big bubbles and Victor pops them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\n\nQuestion:\nAdapted from J. R. Dos Passos, \"The Bridge\" and from Walt Whitman, \"Salut au Monde!\"\n\n0. The lonely bridge cuts dark across the marsh\nWhose long pools glow with the light\nOf a flaming summer sunset.\nAt this end limp bushes overhang,\nPalely reflected in the amber-colored water.\n1. I see the tracks of the railroads of the earth;\nI see them welding State to State, city to city, through North America;\nI see them in Great Britain, I see them in Europe;\nI see them in Asia and in Africa." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses repetition. It repeats words, phrases, or lines.\nI see them in Asia and in Africa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nThe platypus has venom-producing glands, which are rare among mammals, but its venom is not generally lethal to humans.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound-complex\n2. compound\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nThe platypus has venom-producing glands, which are rare among mammals, but its venom is not generally lethal to humans.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nWhat is the likelihood that we will encounter bears and other wildlife in Alaska?\n\n0. imperative\n1. declarative\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe friends will visit Frank in Middletown.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, visit. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe hum of the computer concerned David. Was the problem with the power supply or the hard drive?\n\n0. simile\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nHum represents the sound the computer was making.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Elijah's phenotype for the Thomsen disease trait?\n\n0. having Thomsen disease\n1. not having Thomsen disease" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Elijah's genotype for the Thomsen disease gene is mm. Elijah's genotype of mm has only m alleles. The m allele is for not having Thomsen disease. So, Elijah's phenotype for the Thomsen disease trait must be not having Thomsen disease.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Elijah's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having Thomsen disease (M) is dominant over the allele for not having Thomsen disease (m). This means M is a dominant allele, and m is a recessive allele.\nElijah's genotype of mm has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Elijah's phenotype for the Thomsen disease trait must be not having Thomsen disease.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of an article?\n\n0. Would I Let My Son Play Football?\n1. \"Would I Let My Son Play Football?\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Would I Let My Son Play Football?\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nfeather - fling\n\n0. fabulous\n1. fix" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince fix is between the guide words feather - fling, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Champ's genotype for the coat color gene?\n\n0. ll\n1. a red coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Champ has two alleles for a red coat (l). So, Champ's genotype for the coat color gene is ll.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the antelope's motion?\n\n0. The antelope has a constant velocity.\n1. The antelope is accelerating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The antelope is speeding up. So, the antelope is accelerating.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a kitchen table?\n\n0. 7 yards\n1. 7 inches\n2. 7 feet\n3. 7 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a kitchen table is 7 feet.\n7 inches is too short. 7 yards and 7 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a 2-kilogram brick at a temperature of 458\u00b0F\n1. a 2-kilogram brick at a temperature of 430\u00b0F\n2. a 2-kilogram brick at a temperature of 453\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three bricks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 458\u00b0F brick is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nVoss is a city in Norway. One winter, the snow there was two meters deep!\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nVoss is a city in Norway. One winter, the snow there was two meters deep!\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation in Voss one winter. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nNolan persisted despite his friends' attempts to tell him that this was a Gordian knot.\n\n0. a song\n1. ancient legend" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Gordian knot is ancient legend.\nAccording to legend, Alexander the Great used his sword to slash an intricate knot by which a chariot was tied to a pole in the city of Gordium.\nThe allusion Gordian knot means a highly complex problem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Dillon liked the sea otters, but the jellyfish were his favorite.\n1. The artist prepared a canvas for a new oil painting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but.\nDillon liked the sea otters, but the jellyfish were his favorite.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Nina investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. If squash seeds and tomato seeds are planted with compost, which type of plant grows larger?\n1. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted with compost or without compost?\n2. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted in small pots or in large pots?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Sofia investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?\n1. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n2. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Newport has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Newport's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go up.\n1. The supply will probably go down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Newport. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Destiny adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\n1. Destiny adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nDestiny adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nDestiny adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Whitney investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted in small pots or in large pots?\n1. If squash seeds and tomato seeds are planted with compost, which type of plant grows larger?\n2. Do squash plants grow larger if the seeds are planted with compost or without compost?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Krysta investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the deer eat more leaves from tomato plants or from squash plants?\n1. Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with coffee spray than from unsprayed bean plants?\n2. Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with garlic spray than from unsprayed bean plants?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. grape juice\n1. spoon\n2. rain" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ndeep-frying chicken\nburning a marshmallow over a campfire\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nDeep-frying chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter.\nBurning a marshmallow is a chemical change. The heat from the fire causes the type of matter in the marshmallow to change. The marshmallow becomes black and crispy.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMegan has a scar on her right leg.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI am made of paper.\nI tell a story.\nA teacher may read me out loud.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a picture\n1. a book" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book is made of paper.\nA book tells a story.\nA teacher may read a book out loud.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. The paper changes into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nIce melting is also a physical change. When ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid. But both ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water! This kind of change is called a change of state.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBaking cookies is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Baking cookies is a chemical change. Cookies are made from cookie dough. Baking turns the cookie dough into cookies. The cookies are a different type of matter than the dough.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nSummer is usually the hottest time of the year in Des Moines, Iowa.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nSummer is usually the hottest time of the year in Des Moines, Iowa.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperature pattern in Des Moines. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na piece of apple turning brown\ncompost rotting\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.\nCompost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two cars. Which car was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a car that moved 445miles in 10hours\n1. a car that moved 170miles in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each car moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne car moved 170 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other car moved 445 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each car spent the same amount of time moving. The car that moved 170 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that car must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word suitcase on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsalute - squirrel\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince suitcase is not between the guide words salute - squirrel, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich pot of spaghetti sauce has a higher temperature?\n\n0. the pot of spaghetti sauce with more thermal energy\n1. the pot of spaghetti sauce with less thermal energy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two pots of spaghetti sauce are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the pot of spaghetti sauce with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Kayla draws an arrow it points up.\n1. Coach Sharma talked to her team before the game." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Coach Sharma talked to her team before the game is a complete sentence. The subject is Coach Sharma, and the verb is talked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nherring - hue\n\n0. hot\n1. haunt" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince hot is between the guide words herring - hue, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Gavin inherited this trait?\n\n0. Gavin and his biological father have short hair.\n1. Gavin's biological mother often wears her naturally brown hair in a bun.\n2. Gavin and his siblings all have naturally straight hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the skydiver's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the skydiver and Earth () as she drifted toward the flat ground.\n\n0. increased\n1. decreased\n2. stayed the same" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the skydiver and the center of Earth changed.\nThe ground was lower than the point where the skydiver opened up her parachute. As she drifted toward the ground, the distance between the skydiver and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the skydiver and Earth decreased as she drifted toward the flat ground.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Tanvi investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n1. Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?\n2. Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nIn the morning, Mrs. Harper shoveled the snow.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, shoveled. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nA Good Samaritan jumped in when my grocery bag broke and the contents spilled all over the sidewalk.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. British history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Good Samaritan is the Bible.\nIn a biblical parable, a Samaritan selflessly stops to help an enemy who has been beaten and stranded on the side of a road.\nThe allusion Good Samaritan means a person who goes out of the way to help another.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of an eyedropper?\n\n0. 3 liters\n1. 3 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of an eyedropper is 3 milliliters.\n3 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nRust forming on a bicycle frame is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Rust forming on a bicycle frame is a chemical change. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron in the bicycle frame. The outside of the frame turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nDeveloped in 1973, GPS is a satellite-based navigation system. Also known as Global Positioning System.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nDeveloped in 1973, GPS is a satellite-based navigation system. Also known as Global Positioning System.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nDeveloped in 1973, GPS\u2014also known as Global Positioning System\u2014is a satellite-based navigation system.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. A sunflower seed is made by a living thing. It is formed in nature.\n1. Gabbro is not made by living things. It is not a pure substance.\n2. Gneiss is not a pure substance. It is not made by living things." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nGabbro is a rock.\nA sunflower seed is made by a living thing. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, a sunflower seed is not a rock.\nGneiss is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. leaf-tailed gecko\n1. bess beetle\n2. magpie goose\n3. domestic pig" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA domestic pig is a mammal. Like other mammals, a domestic pig is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA magpie goose is a bird. Like other birds, a magpie goose is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA leaf-tailed gecko is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a leaf-tailed gecko is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Dylan are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Dylan?\n\n0. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Dylan.\n1. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Dylan." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Dylan, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Dylan down with a force of 400 N.\nThe diving board is pushing Dylan up with a force of 400 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Dylan.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nWhich U.S. cities are doing the most to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? Tonight's news report has the details.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nWhich U.S. cities are doing the most to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? Tonight's news report has the details.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nMia has a lot on her plate: she is attending college, has a full-time job as a waitress, and volunteers at the animal shelter.\n\n0. Mia has worked up an appetite.\n1. Mia has many responsibilities." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a lot on her plate suggests that Mia has many responsibilities. If you have a lot on your plate, you are busy with many different obligations.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe Swifts will stay at an inn on the island.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, stay. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nIn the darkness, Amelia strained her eyes.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, strained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Gypsum is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.\n1. Malachite is formed in nature. It is a solid.\n2. Wool is made by living things. It is not a pure substance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nGypsum is a mineral.\nWool is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nWool is made by living things. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, wool is not a mineral.\nMalachite is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nA can of soda fizzing over is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A can of soda fizzing over is a physical change. The soda fizzes because the gas trapped inside of it comes out very quickly. But the types of matter the soda and gas are made of do not change.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bottle of nail polish?\n\n0. 15 milliliters\n1. 15 liters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a bottle of nail polish is 15 milliliters.\n15 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThree key pieces of evidence prove that my client is innocent. First, she has not done anything wrong. Second, she is not guilty. And third, she is free from all criminal behaviors, dispositions, or inclinations.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n2. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the client is innocent. However, the \"key pieces of evidence\" are simply three different ways of saying that the client is innocent. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nI feel like a completely new person now that my fever has broken!\n\n0. interrogative\n1. declarative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich letter opening is more formal?\n\n0. Dear Andy,\n1. Dear Mr. Warren," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nusing polish to remove tarnish from a silver spoon\na dinosaur bone turning into rock over millions of years\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA tarnished silver spoon is one that has become less shiny over time. Polishing the spoon makes it look shiny again.\nThe polish changes the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. So, using polish to remove tarnish from silver is a chemical change.\nA dinosaur bone turning into rock is a chemical change. The matter that made up the bone when it was alive begins to break down. Over a long time, a different type of matter starts forming inside small gaps in the bone. The matter is made of minerals from the earth.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncasual - coffee\n\n0. crackle\n1. clutch" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince clutch is between the guide words casual - coffee, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThis movie is so predictable that I'm likely to die of boredom if I keep watching it.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nDie of boredom is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of dying due to boredom.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich drop of dish soap has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder drop of dish soap\n1. the hotter drop of dish soap" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two drops of dish soap are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder drop of dish soap has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations.\nFor example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations.\nEager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited.\nImpatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich phrase has a more negative connotation?\n\n0. a nosy person\n1. an interested person" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A nosy person has a more negative connotation. A nosy person is not polite. Nosy people are too interested in things that are not their business.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.\nThere are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:\nthe pattern of weather, or climate\nthe type of soil\nthe organisms that live there\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the cold desert ecosystem.\n\n0. This ecosystem has:\na small amount of rain or snow\ndry, thin soil\nlong, cold winters\n1. This ecosystem has:\nwarm, wet summers and cold, wet winters\nsoil that is rich in nutrients\nonly a few types of trees\n2. This ecosystem has:\nwarm summers and warm winters\na rainy season and a dry season\nsoil that is poor in nutrients" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A cold desert is a type of ecosystem. It has a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters.\nChoice 1 is a cold desert ecosystem. It is dry and has long, cold winters. It has a thin layer of soil covering bedrock.\nChoice 2 is a savanna grassland ecosystem. It is covered in grasses and has a dry season and a wet season.\nChoice 3 is a temperate deciduous forest ecosystem. It has warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nLoose pieces of rock are blown away by wind.\n\n0. drought\n1. deposition\n2. erosion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nLatrell lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nLatrell lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Latrell lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a passenger helicopter?\n\n0. 3 ounces\n1. 3 tons\n2. 3 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a passenger helicopter is 3 tons.\n3 ounces and 3 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ pulls on bones to move the body?\n\n0. skeleton\n1. skin\n2. large intestines\n3. muscles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nFrom across the room, Uncle Josh's laughter was booming thunder.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "From across the room, Uncle Josh's laughter was booming thunder.\nThe words laughter and thunder are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word nauseous in its traditional sense?\n\n0. The avant-garde artist deftly used neon colors and geometric patterns to create nauseous spirals that forced many viewers to look away after only a few minutes.\n1. The avant-garde artist deftly used neon colors and geometric patterns to create disorienting spirals so intense that they caused some viewers to become nauseous just from looking at them." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses nauseous in its traditional sense: causing disgust or nausea.\nThe avant-garde artist deftly used neon colors and geometric patterns to create nauseous spirals that forced many viewers to look away after only a few minutes.\nThe second text uses nauseous in its nontraditional sense: feeling disgusted or nauseated.\nThe avant-garde artist deftly used neon colors and geometric patterns to create disorienting spirals so intense that they caused some viewers to become nauseous just from looking at them.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word nauseous because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Each vase and bowl in Kiera's collection of handmade pottery is unique. The colors and designs reflect both her cultural heritage and her individual artistic style.\n1. Kiera's collection of handmade pottery was featured in last week's edition of the Springtown Journal, which identified her as \"one of the most unique young artists to debut this year.\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nEach vase and bowl in Kiera's collection of handmade pottery is unique. The colors and designs reflect both her cultural heritage and her individual artistic style.\nThe second text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Kiera is a distinctive artist, but might not be one of a kind. It may be helpful to remember that if unique is modified by an adverb\u2014as in most unique, very unique, or quite unique\u2014it is probably being used nontraditionally.\nKiera's collection of handmade pottery was featured in last week's edition of the Springtown Journal, which identified her as \"one of the most unique young artists to debut this year.\"\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"That fits you well,\" Tony remarked after Bonnie's cap fell over her eyes for the tenth time.\n\n0. The cap was too big.\n1. The cap was a good fit." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nFits you well ironically suggests that the cap was too big. The cap was falling over Bonnie's eyes, so it didn't fit her well at all.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms.\nAnaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines.\nOut of the cradle endlessly rocking,\nOut of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle,\nOut of the Ninth-month midnight\n\u2014From Walt Whitman, \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nAssonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines.\nI wandered lonely as a Cloud\nThat floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,\nWhen all at once I saw a crowd,\nA host of golden Daffodils.\n\u2014From William Wordsworth, \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud\"\nMeter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed.\nA poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nA poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable.\nBack into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,\nSoon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.\n\u2014From Edgar Allen Poe, \"The Raven\"\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses anaphora.\n\n0. It would be easy to forgive,\nIf I could but remember;\nIf I could hear, lost love of mine,\nThe music of your cruelties.\n1. In the dreamy silence\nOf the afternoon, a\nCloth of gold is woven\nOver wood and prairie." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses anaphora. It repeats the same word or words at the beginning of multiple lines or phrases.\nThe music of your cruelties.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThe summers are hot in Kissimmee, Florida.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThe summers are hot in Kissimmee, Florida.\nThis passage tells you about the usual summer temperatures in Kissimmee. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI must have eaten too much of Toby's homemade chili, because now I'm so full I could explode!\n\n0. paradox\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nSo full I could explode is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of exploding.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Remy's phenotype for the fur length trait?\n\n0. FF\n1. short fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Remy's observable version of the fur length trait is short fur. So, Remy's phenotype for the fur length trait is short fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Tiny's genotype for the eye color gene?\n\n0. red eyes\n1. ee" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Tiny has two alleles for red eyes (e). So, Tiny's genotype for the eye color gene is ee.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Bill went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended it.\n1. Bill went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to calculus or trigonometry.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with calculus.\nBill went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a cherry pie at a temperature of 41\u00b0C\n1. a cherry pie at a temperature of 34\u00b0C\n2. a cherry pie at a temperature of 48\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 48\u00b0C pie is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmelting wax\nrain forming in a cloud\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMelting wax is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The wax changes from solid to liquid. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nRain forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets of liquid water. These droplets make up a cloud. When there is enough water in the air, the droplets will fall as rain.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWax melting is caused by heating. But rain forming in a cloud is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nRain begins to form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water. This is caused by cooling. But melting wax is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a car key?\n\n0. 3 miles\n1. 3 inches\n2. 3 feet\n3. 3 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a car key is 3 inches.\n3 feet, 3 yards, and 3 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nLucy needs a new pair of shoes.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, needs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Kurt decides to plant the magnolia tree. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Kurt will get to look at the magnolia tree. He thinks it will look more beautiful than the lilacs would have looked.\n1. The magnolia tree will use up more space than the lilacs would have used up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kurt wants or needs:\nThe magnolia tree will use up more space than the lilacs would have used up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fruit fly's phenotype for the eye color trait?\n\n0. ee\n1. brown eyes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The fruit fly's observable version of the eye color trait is brown eyes. So, the fly's phenotype for the eye color trait is brown eyes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nThis is the most beautiful scenery I've ever seen!\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, but it shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Madelyn acquired this trait?\n\n0. Madelyn can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night.\n1. A pilot taught Madelyn how to fly a plane.\n2. Madelyn is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nAccording to the Third Amendment, the government cannot force people to keep () in their houses during a time of peace.\n\n0. cameras\n1. soldiers\n2. weapons\n3. food" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Third Amendment says that the government can't force people to keep soldiers in their homes during a time of peace. The amendment says that no soldier shall be \"quartered in any house.\" In this case, \"quartered\" means \"given a place to stay.\" The complete text of the Third Amendment is below. Are there any times when an American might have to let a soldier stay in his or her house? No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJustine's sweater shrank just a bit. It fits her baby sister now.\n\n0. understatement\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nShrank just a bit is an understatement, since the baby is presumably much smaller than Justine.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nSnowflakes forming in a cloud is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Snowflakes forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The encyclopedia says that chalk is a soft sedimentary rock formed from the skeletons of marine plankton.\n1. It says that chalk is a soft sedimentary rock formed from the skeletons of marine plankton." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the encyclopedia.\nThe encyclopedia says that chalk is a soft sedimentary rock formed from the skeletons of marine plankton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Robert showed them the error on his receipt, and he received a refund.\n1. Robert showed the customer service representatives the error on his receipt, and he received a refund." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the customer service representatives.\nRobert showed the customer service representatives the error on his receipt, and he received a refund.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Aunt Laura,\n1. dear Aunt Laura," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Aunt Laura is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nMary's Boutique claims to have \"something for everyone,\" but it is generally understood that their target market is women of a certain age.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nOf a certain age is an indirect and generally more polite way of referring to older people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. The explorers nervously entered the dark cave.\n1. Bert borrowed my book he enjoyed it." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Bert borrowed my book he enjoyed it is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Bert borrowed my book and He enjoyed it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a simile?\n\n0. Hakim's eyes are bright green emeralds.\n1. Hakim's eyes are as green as emeralds." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a simile:\nHakim's eyes are as green as emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared using the word as.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nHakim's eyes are bright green emeralds.\nThe words eyes and emeralds are compared without the word like or as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nA dinosaur bone turning into rock over millions of years is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A dinosaur bone turning into rock is a chemical change. The matter that made up the bone when it was alive begins to break down. Over a long time, a different type of matter starts forming inside small gaps in the bone. The matter is made of minerals from the earth.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nJennifer submitted her suggestions to Dave; now the ball is in his court.\n\n0. Dave has some difficult work to do.\n1. Dave needs to act next." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Dave needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Fred's brother Paul wondered whether Fred ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon.\n1. Fred's brother Paul wondered whether he ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Fred or Paul.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Fred.\nFred's brother Paul wondered whether Fred ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nWhen Lee Mellon finished the apple he smacked his lips together like a pair of cymbals.\n\u2014Richard Brautigan, A Confederate General from Big Sur\n\n0. Lee Mellon made a loud noise with his lips.\n1. Lee Mellon was a musician." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like a pair of cymbals suggests that Lee Mellon made a loud noise with his lips. When cymbals are banged together, they make a loud crashing noise.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the bird.\n\n0. seahorse\n1. Hermann's tortoise\n2. loon\n3. salmon" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A seahorse is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nSeahorses live in shallow, warm water. They can use their tails to hold on to plants.\nA loon is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nLoons usually live near lakes. They dive in the water to hunt for food.\nA salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both fresh water and salt water.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"Luca's personality is very Jekyll and Hyde,\" Kari told her brother.\n\n0. literature\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nSodium chloride is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether sodium chloride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for sodium chloride, NaCl, contains two atomic symbols: Na for sodium and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that sodium chloride is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince sodium chloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, sodium chloride is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Tyler decides to take a trip to Arkansas. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Tyler will save some money. Plane tickets for Tyler to get to Arkansas are less expensive than tickets to Alabama.\n1. Tyler will give up the chance to go to Alabama. He would have enjoyed a trip to Alabama more than Arkansas." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Tyler wants or needs:\nTyler will give up the chance to go to Alabama. He would have enjoyed a trip to Alabama more than Arkansas.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to the passage, which statement is true?\n\n0. The Congress of the United States makes laws.\n1. Congress does not have legislative power." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word peruse in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Edmond perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly.\n1. Edmond perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail.\nEdmond perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift.\nThe first text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner.\nEdmond perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nI will pack my clothes this afternoon.\n\n0. future tense\n1. past tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pack. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word bit on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbark - belief\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bit is not between the guide words bark - belief, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nDwayne is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department.\n\n0. Dwayne is tall for his age.\n1. Dwayne is overweight." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism big-boned suggests that Dwayne is overweight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear ms. peterson,\n1. Dear Ms. Peterson," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Peterson is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntease - tomb\n\n0. tunnel\n1. thirteen" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince thirteen is between the guide words tease - tomb, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nRed velvet cupcakes were Deb's Achilles's heel when she was trying to eat more healthily.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\n\"Speak of the devil!\" Tessa declared when Patrick strolled into the room.\n\n0. Tessa didn't trust Patrick.\n1. Tessa had just been speaking about Patrick." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom speak of the devil suggests that Tessa had just been speaking about Patrick. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbending a paper clip\ncutting your fingernails\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBending a paper clip is a physical change. After you bend it, the paper clip has a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nCutting your fingernails is a physical change. Your fingernails are shorter after you cut them. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the uncut fingernails.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAccording to Mr. Joyce's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.\n\n0. The snoring is loud.\n1. The snoring is subtle." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Joyce's snoring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nSo, in a nutshell, that's the story of my monthlong trip to Iceland.\n\n0. literature\n1. U.S. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion in a nutshell is literature.\nThe ancient Roman scholar Pliny the Elder relayed an unbelievable story in which The Iliad (a poem hundreds of pages long) was written on parchment paper and inserted into the shell of a walnut. William Shakespeare later referenced this story when his character Hamlet uses the phrase \"in a nutshell\" to describe something that is compact.\nThe allusion in a nutshell means in a concise way.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. krypton (Kr)\n1. potassium nitrate (KNO3)\n2. sulfur dioxide (SO2)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for sulfur dioxide contains two symbols: S for sulfur and O for oxygen. So, sulfur dioxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, sulfur dioxide is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for krypton contains one symbol: Kr. So, krypton is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, krypton is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for potassium nitrate contains three symbols: K for potassium, N for nitrogen, and O for oxygen. So, potassium nitrate is made of three chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, potassium nitrate is a compound, not an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a cement truck?\n\n0. 22 pounds\n1. 22 tons\n2. 22 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a cement truck is 22 tons.\n22 ounces and 22 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Pedro custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Oakdale.\n1. Pedro bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Oakdale." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nPedro custom ordered his unique coffee table from a master craftsman in Oakdale.\nThe second text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Pedro's coffee table is an interesting style, but it was made in a factory and is probably not actually one of a kind.\nPedro bought his unique coffee table from a factory outlet store in Oakdale.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a blender?\n\n0. 1 liter\n1. 1 milliliter" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a blender is 1 liter.\n1 milliliter is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The Rocky Mountains stretch from New Mexico to Montana.\n1. The prettiest parts of the Rocky Mountains are in the state of Wyoming." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nThe Rocky Mountains stretch from New Mexico to Montana.\nIt can be proved by checking a map of the United States.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nThe prettiest parts of the Rocky Mountains are in the state of Wyoming.\nPrettiest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about where the prettiest parts of the Rocky Mountains are.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Rose decides to join the Theater Club. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Rose will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. She would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.\n1. Rose will save some time. She would have spent more time in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Rose wants or needs:\nRose will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. She would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Bruce decides to bake banana muffins. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Bruce will give up the chance to eat chocolate muffins. He thinks chocolate muffins are tastier than banana muffins.\n1. Bruce will get to eat more muffins. He can make more banana muffins than chocolate muffins." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Bruce wants or needs:\nBruce will give up the chance to eat chocolate muffins. He thinks chocolate muffins are tastier than banana muffins.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. The park rangers explained to the audience that a muskrat looks like a small beaver with a rat-like tail.\n1. They explained to the audience that a muskrat looks like a small beaver with a rat-like tail." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the park rangers.\nThe park rangers explained to the audience that a muskrat looks like a small beaver with a rat-like tail.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMayor Armstrong wants to create more bicycle lanes in Lakeside. However, many citizens of Lakeside live far from work. It would not be realistic to force us to give up our cars and bike everywhere.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Mayor Armstrong wants people to give up their cars. However, this misrepresents Mayor Armstrong's argument. Mayor Armstrong only wants to create more bike lanes. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word volley on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nvain - violet\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince volley is not between the guide words vain - violet, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a soda bottle cap?\n\n0. 11 liters\n1. 11 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a soda bottle cap is 11 milliliters.\n11 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncrushing a mineral into powder\ndry ice sublimating and becoming a gas\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCrushing a mineral into powder is a physical change. The mineral breaks into tiny pieces. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nDry ice sublimating is caused by heating. But crushing a mineral is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the reptile.\n\n0. Mojave rattlesnake\n1. rabbit\n2. American bullfrog\n3. ocean sunfish" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A rabbit is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nRabbits live underground in burrows. A group of rabbit burrows is called a warren.\nA Mojave rattlesnake is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nRattlesnakes have fangs they can use to inject venom into their prey.\nAn ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nOcean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun.\nAn American bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Betty acquired this trait?\n\n0. Betty learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects.\n1. Betty likes to look at butterflies and beetles." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncash - crayon\n\n0. cunning\n1. compose" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince compose is between the guide words cash - crayon, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nBeating an egg is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Beating an egg is a physical change. Beating an egg mixes together the egg white, egg yolk, and some air. But mixing them together does not form a different type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Angie inherited this trait?\n\n0. Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Angie and her brothers have naturally straight hair.\n1. Both of Angie's biological parents have naturally black hair.\n2. When she was younger, Angie wore ribbons in her naturally black hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the mammal traits listed above.\n\n0. Gray tree frogs hatch from eggs without shells. They live underwater when they are tadpoles. They move onto land when they become adults. The moist skin of adult gray tree frogs can be green or gray. The color of their skin helps them hide on rocks or plants.\n1. Bengal tigers are one of the world's largest living cats. They have black, white, and orange fur. Female Bengal tigers feed their offspring milk. Male Bengal tigers can be almost twice as large as females!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMammals have the following traits:\nThey feed their offspring milk.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Bengal tiger has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hair.\nA Bengal tiger has the traits of a mammal. A Bengal tiger is a mammal.\nA gray tree frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA gray tree frog does not have all of the traits of a mammal. A gray tree frog is an amphibian.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Richard investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do the squirrels eat walnuts from large feeders more often than from small feeders?\n1. Which type of tree do the squirrels feed from most often?\n2. Do the squirrels select sunflower seeds or walnuts more often?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the euphemism in this text suggest?\nPerhaps we have been guilty of some terminological inexactitudes.\n\u2014attributed to Winston Churchill\n\n0. They made some grammatical errors.\n1. They used false or misleading language." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe euphemism terminological inexactitudes suggests that they used false or misleading language. Terminological inexactitudes is an indirect way of referring to language that is purposefully inaccurate or deceptive.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a mustard bottle?\n\n0. 10 fluid ounces\n1. 10 gallons\n2. 10 cups" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a mustard bottle is 10 fluid ounces.\n10 cups and 10 gallons are both too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the gas.\n\n0. air from a hair dryer\n1. tortoise shell\n2. caramel sauce\n3. pair of dice" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The air from a hair dryer is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. A hair dryer uses a fan to blow warm air out. When the air leaves the hair dryer, the air expands to fill a much large space.\nA tortoise shell is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A tortoise shell is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails!\nA pair of dice is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you roll a pair of dice, the dice have a shape of their own. They are still cubes when they stop rolling.\nCaramel sauce is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour caramel sauce into a container, the caramel sauce will take the shape of that container. But the caramel sauce will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The California Gold Rush began after gold was discovered in 1848.\n1. People who moved to California for gold were greedy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nThe California Gold Rush began after gold was discovered in 1848.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about the California Gold Rush.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nPeople who moved to California for gold were greedy.\nGreedy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes someone greedy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nlever - loan\n\n0. lamb\n1. liquid" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince liquid is between the guide words lever - loan, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nYou should never let someone borrow something from you. If you do, then everyone will just start taking your things without asking!\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that letting one person borrow something from you means that everyone will take your things without asking. However, just because you let one person borrow something from you, it does not necessarily mean everyone will change their behavior toward you. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt was windy last night at the Northern Kentucky Airport. The wind was blowing in from the southeast.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt was windy last night at the Northern Kentucky Airport. The wind was blowing in from the southeast.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction at the Kentucky airport last night. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this tomato plant's phenotype for the leaf type trait?\n\n0. potato leaves\n1. ll" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The tomato plant's observable version of the leaf type trait is potato leaves. So, the plant's phenotype for the leaf type trait is potato leaves.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npaint - post\n\n0. peak\n1. principal" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince peak is between the guide words paint - post, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. clown\n1. room\n2. king\n3. teacher" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Teacher, clown, and king go together. They are people. Room is not a person, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe number of off-leash dogs I've seen in Salem is completely unacceptable. Let's make our streets safe again by addressing this dog problem, before our city becomes a haven for criminals.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that off-leash dogs would somehow cause an increase in crime in Salem. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich piece of rope has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder piece of rope\n1. the hotter piece of rope" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two pieces of rope are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder piece of rope has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a diving board?\n\n0. 10 yards\n1. 10 miles\n2. 10 feet\n3. 10 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a diving board is 10 feet.\n10 inches is too short. 10 yards and 10 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a cherry pie at a temperature of 77\u00b0F\n1. a cherry pie at a temperature of 106\u00b0F\n2. a cherry pie at a temperature of 113\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three cherry pies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 77\u00b0F pie is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to peel a banana?\n\n0. 11 minutes\n1. 11 seconds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to peel a banana is 11 seconds.\n11 minutes is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Perry inherited this trait?\n\n0. Perry and his biological father have short hair.\n1. Perry's biological mother often wears her naturally brown hair in a bun.\n2. Perry and his siblings all have naturally straight hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Jayce's new kitten\u2014barely three weeks old\u2014was literally the size of a softball; it could just about fit in the palm of his hand.\n1. Jayce's new kitten\u2014barely three weeks old\u2014was literally just a ball of fluff in the palm of his hand." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nJayce's new kitten\u2014barely three weeks old\u2014was literally the size of a softball; it could just about fit in the palm of his hand.\nThe first text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). Jayce's new kitten is not actually just a ball of fluff.\nJayce's new kitten\u2014barely three weeks old\u2014was literally just a ball of fluff in the palm of his hand.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwalnut - who\n\n0. wink\n1. weary" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince weary is between the guide words walnut - who, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt was 24\u00b0C downtown this afternoon.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt was 24\u00b0C downtown this afternoon.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature downtown this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nIn this election, we've seen the highest voter turnout ever recorded. If you have any doubts about Brad Lloyd's qualifications, just look at how many people have come out to vote for him.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Brad Lloyd is the most qualified candidate, because so many voters turned out to vote. However, even though many people voted for him, that doesn't necessarily mean that Brad Lloyd is the most qualified candidate. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, zinc oxide is a ().\n\n0. product\n1. reactant" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to zinc oxide in this chemical reaction.\nMany watches are powered by small, flat batteries called button cells. One common type of button cell contains the metal zinc. When zinc in the battery combines with oxygen in the air, zinc oxide forms. This process generates the electricity that powers the watch.\nThe underlined text tells you that zinc oxide forms when zinc combines with oxygen. Because zinc oxide is produced by this chemical reaction, zinc oxide is a product.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nLeon must not have enjoyed the casserole, or he would have asked for a second serving.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that if Leon enjoyed the casserole, then he would have eaten more. However, Leon could have enjoyed the casserole without wanting a second serving. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Hobbes's genotype for the fur type gene?\n\n0. straight fur\n1. FF" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Hobbes has two alleles for straight fur (F). So, Hobbes's genotype for the fur type gene is FF.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. clothespin\n1. wet paint\n2. grape juice" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. your nephew,\nFinn\n1. Your nephew,\nFinn" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nJen gave me flowers for no reason.\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Layla decides to make tomato soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. The tomato soup will be tastier than the beef barley soup would have been.\n1. Layla will spend more time making the tomato soup than she would have spent making the beef barley soup." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Layla wants or needs:\nLayla will spend more time making the tomato soup than she would have spent making the beef barley soup.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Boxer's genotype for the coat color gene?\n\n0. Ll\n1. a black coat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Boxer has one allele for a black coat (L) and one allele for a reddish-brown coat (l). So, Boxer's genotype for the coat color gene is Ll.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Richard decides to plant the palm tree. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. The palm tree will use up more space than the marigolds would have used up.\n1. Richard will get to look at the palm tree. He thinks it will look more beautiful than the marigolds would have looked." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Richard wants or needs:\nThe palm tree will use up more space than the marigolds would have used up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word can in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Grace can type using a keyboard with a QWERTY layout, but she prefers the Dvorak layout. The two keyboards have different arrangements of letters and symbols.\n1. If Grace prefers a keyboard with the Dvorak layout, she can use mine. In my opinion, it's faster than typing on a keyboard with a QWERTY layout." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to.\nGrace can type using a keyboard with a QWERTY layout, but she prefers the Dvorak layout. The two keyboards have different arrangements of letters and symbols.\nThe second text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to.\nIf Grace prefers a keyboard with the Dvorak layout, she can use mine. In my opinion, it's faster than typing on a keyboard with a QWERTY layout.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Sushi's phenotype for the body color trait?\n\n0. a golden body\n1. bb" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Sushi's observable version of the body color trait is a golden body. So, Sushi's phenotype for the body color trait is a golden body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two bats. Which bat was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a bat that moved 40kilometers in 10hours\n1. a bat that moved 225kilometers in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bat moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bat moved 40 kilometers in 10 hours.\nThe other bat moved 225 kilometers in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bat spent the same amount of time moving. The bat that moved 40 kilometers moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bat must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two bowhead whales. Which bowhead whale was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a bowhead whale that moved 25miles in 10hours\n1. a bowhead whale that moved 60miles in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bowhead whale moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne bowhead whale moved 25 miles in 10 hours.\nThe other bowhead whale moved 60 miles in 10 hours.\nNotice that each bowhead whale spent the same amount of time moving. The bowhead whale that moved 25 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bowhead whale must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThere are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Diane lives.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThere are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Diane lives.\nAir pressure is caused by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. When the air pressure is low, the sky is usually cloudy. When the air pressure is high, the sky is usually clear.\nThis passage tells you about the usual pattern of air pressure where Diane lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. plate\n1. gold bracelet\n2. apple juice\n3. tortoise shell" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A tortoise shell is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A tortoise shell is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails!\nApple juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour apple juice into a different container, the apple juice will take the shape of that container. But the apple juice will still take up the same amount of space.\nA plate is a solid. If someone drops a plate, it may break into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nA gold bracelet is a solid. You can wrap a gold bracelet around your wrist. But the bracelet will still have a size and shape of its own.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\neasel - enamel\n\n0. event\n1. elegant" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince elegant is between the guide words easel - enamel, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nRamadan is a special time of year in which religion?\n\n0. Islam\n1. Christianity\n2. Judaism\n3. Buddhism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Ramadan is a special time of year in the religion of Islam. People who practice Islam are called Muslims.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hiking trail?\n\n0. 1 yard\n1. 1 mile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 1 mile.\n1 yard is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Norwood has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Norwood's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go down.\n1. The supply will probably go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Norwood. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a lower speed?\n\n0. a mountain biker who moved 95miles in 5hours\n1. a mountain biker who moved 65miles in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne mountain biker moved 65 miles in 5 hours.\nThe other mountain biker moved 95 miles in 5 hours.\nNotice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 65 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a lower speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day?\n\n0. 44\u00b0F\n1. 44\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 44\u00b0F.\n44\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe car engine () as Mr. Harvey tried to start it in the freezing cold.\n\n0. coughed\n1. failed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word coughed. It describes the engine as if it were a person who is sick.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Carly looks almost identical to her twin sister Jenny, but she has pierced ears.\n1. Carly has pierced ears, but otherwise she looks almost identical to her twin sister Jenny." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Carly or Jenny.\nCarly looks almost identical to her twin sister Jenny, but she has pierced ears.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nCarly has pierced ears, but otherwise she looks almost identical to her twin sister Jenny.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nelectric - ever\n\n0. envelope\n1. earnest" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince envelope is between the guide words electric - ever, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three bicycles. Which bicycle was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a bicycle that moved 80miles west in 5hours\n1. a bicycle that moved 85miles south in 5hours\n2. a bicycle that moved 145miles north in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 5 hours. The bicycle that moved 145 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\n\nQuestion:\nLook at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?\nno\n\n0. open\n1. closed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The word no ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has half as much thermal energy as a 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the smaller brick has half as many atoms. So, it has half as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich block of concrete has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder block of concrete\n1. the hotter block of concrete" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two blocks of concrete are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder block of concrete has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her ideas and development?\nWhy is smoking cigarettes bad for your health? Cigarettes contain poisonous substances like carbon monoxide and tar, which can harm every part of your body. Smoking causes heart disease and damages your blood vessels. Eating a diet high in fat, sugar, and salt can also lead to heart disease. A lack of exercise contributes to heart disease, too. Smoking damages your lungs and can cause breathing problems or lung cancer. In fact, it can cause cancer in any organ in your body.\n\n0. by stating the main idea clearly\n1. by focusing on one main idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her ideas and development by focusing on one main idea.\nFor example, the writer could remove the underlined text to focus only on the reasons why smoking cigarettes is bad for your health.\nWhy is smoking cigarettes bad for your health? Cigarettes contain poisonous substances like carbon monoxide and tar, which can harm every part of your body. Smoking causes heart disease and damages your blood vessels. Eating a diet high in fat, sugar, and salt can also lead to heart disease. A lack of exercise contributes to heart disease, too. Smoking damages your lungs and can cause breathing problems or lung cancer. In fact, it can cause cancer in any organ in your body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMaria throws the ball into the hoop.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, throws. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. don't Let the Turkeys Get You Down\n1. Don't Let the Turkeys Get You Down" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word the is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Don't Let the Turkeys Get You Down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmelt - myself\n\n0. maple\n1. midnight" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince midnight is between the guide words melt - myself, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word travesty in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Doug realized that his essay about the Space Race was a bit inaccurate, but he still thought it a travesty that such an entertaining essay should receive a poor grade.\n1. Doug's ill-researched essay about the Space Race received a poor grade because it presented such a travesty of the actual historical events." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses travesty in its traditional sense: a ridiculous imitation; a parody.\nDoug's ill-researched essay about the Space Race received a poor grade because it presented such a travesty of the actual historical events.\nThe second text uses travesty in its nontraditional sense: a disappointment or a tragedy.\nDoug realized that his essay about the Space Race was a bit inaccurate, but he still thought it a travesty that such an entertaining essay should receive a poor grade.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word travesty because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWith the gutters clogged and water rising in the streets, Marcy, who was watching the storm from her window, commented, \"We're going to need an ark to get out of here.\"\n\n0. Marcy thinks the storm will cause major flooding.\n1. Marcy wants to protect her possessions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Marcy thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.\n\n0. Chinese alligators live in lakes and streams in eastern China. They lay eggs with shells and live in underground burrows in the winter. Chinese alligators have scaly, waterproof skin.\n1. Green toads have moist skin and hatch from eggs with no shells. The tadpoles begin their lives underwater, while adult toads live on land. Some adult green toads live in dry places such as deserts. They stay underground until it rains so their skin won't dry out." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA green toad has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA green toad has the traits of an amphibian. A green toad is an amphibian.\nA Chinese alligator has the following traits:\nIt has scaly, waterproof skin.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA Chinese alligator does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A Chinese alligator is a reptile.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Damon inherited this trait?\n\n0. Damon likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes.\n1. Damon's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Damon." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Herman sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. compound\n1. complex\n2. simple\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Herman sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nRaymond reads an exciting mystery story.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, reads. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Native gold is not made by living things. It is a pure substance.\n1. Galena is not made by living things. It is formed in nature.\n2. Soap is made in a factory. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nSoap is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.\nSo, soap is not a mineral.\nGalena is a mineral.\nNative gold is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Sheep eat plants.\n1. Chili peppers have green leaves.\n2. Fir trees have green leaves.\n3. Tulips have a green stem." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A fir tree is a plant. It has green leaves.\nThe leaves of fir trees are called needles.\nA chili pepper is a plant. It has many green leaves.\nChili peppers give food a spicy flavor.\nA sheep is an animal. It eats plants.\nPeople raise sheep for their fur, meat, and milk.\nA tulip is a plant. It has a green stem.\nTulips grow best in cool, dry places.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word gravy on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngale - giraffe\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince gravy is not between the guide words gale - giraffe, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nIn the darkness, Kimi strained her eyes.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, strained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As a geneticist, Janet enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\n1. As a geneticist, Janet dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Janet dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Janet enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. Devin's favorite season is fall it is cool outside.\n1. Goes on a big adventure." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Goes on a big adventure is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"Mateo's personality is very Jekyll and Hyde,\" Julia told her brother.\n\n0. literature\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Mabel's phenotype for the xeroderma pigmentosum trait?\n\n0. having xeroderma pigmentosum\n1. ee" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Mabel's observable version of the xeroderma pigmentosum trait is having xeroderma pigmentosum. So, Mabel's phenotype for the xeroderma pigmentosum trait is having xeroderma pigmentosum.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word jeep on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\njar - jut\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince jeep is between the guide words jar - jut, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe Murray family is going to spend two weeks in Ocean City, but for Kyle it will be a working vacation, since he'll be checking in with the office every day.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nWorking vacation is a contradiction, because going on a vacation implies that you are taking a break from work.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a surplus or a shortage of new cars?\n\n0. surplus\n1. shortage" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the current price, there are not enough cars for sale. There are 20 cars for sale, but 40 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a shortage of cars.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb.\n\nQuestion:\nIn which place are cows, horses, and other livestock more common?\n\n0. a rural area\n1. a suburban area" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cows, horses, and other livestock are more common in rural areas. They need a lot of open space. Rural areas have a lot of open space. There aren't many buildings or people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Queenie's phenotype for the cheek color trait?\n\n0. bright orange cheeks\n1. RR" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Queenie's observable version of the cheek color trait is bright orange cheeks. So, Queenie's phenotype for the cheek color trait is bright orange cheeks.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. dear Reggie,\n1. Dear Reggie," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Reggie is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Erin inherited this trait?\n\n0. Erin's hair is the same color as her brown eyes.\n1. Erin's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Erin." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncutting an apple\na sidewalk heating up in the sun\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCutting an apple is a physical change. The apple gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut apple.\nA sidewalk heating up in the sun is a physical change. The temperature of the sidewalk goes up, but the sidewalk is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nA sidewalk getting warm in the sun is caused by heating. But cutting an apple is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAnita and Finn had met before through mutual friends, but they had never been alone together until their first date.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nAlone together is a contradiction, because being alone means by yourself, but together means with someone else.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nImagine you are the ruler of Spain. You are determined to trade in the Indian Ocean, but the Portuguese are blocking you from sending expeditions around Africa. What would be the best solution to this problem?\n\n0. break the treaty and start an expensive war\n1. give up and focus instead on trade in Europe\n2. look for other routes to the Indian Ocean" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Portuguese blocked Spanish expeditions by preventing them from sailing around Africa. For the ruler of Spain, the best solution to this problem would be to look for other routes to the Indian Ocean. Going to war with Portugal's strong navy would be costly and risky. Giving up would mean that Spain would lose out on the opportunity to become wealthy from the spice trade.\nThis map shows the ports that Portugal controlled in Africa by 1492. Portugal made sailing around Africa a real challenge for other Europeans!\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word rampart on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nreach - risk\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince rampart is not between the guide words reach - risk, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this common carp's genotype for the scale type gene?\n\n0. normal scales\n1. Aa" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The common carp has one allele for normal scales (A) and one allele for mirror scales (a). So, the carp's genotype for the scale type gene is Aa.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nLast night's play-off in the semifinals proved to be the team's Waterloo.\n\n0. a song\n1. history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Waterloo is history.\nIn 1815, French emperor Napoleon suffered a devastating defeat in the Battle of Waterloo, which would prove to be his final battle before he abdicated the throne.\nThe allusion Waterloo means a final defeat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Linda inherited this trait?\n\n0. Linda and her biological father wear sunglasses when they go outside.\n1. Linda's neighbor has green eyes.\n2. Linda has green eyes like her biological mother." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Zelda's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. solid coloring\n1. white spots" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Zelda's genotype for the coat pattern gene is aa. Zelda's genotype of aa has only a alleles. The a allele is for white spots. So, Zelda's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be white spots.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Zelda's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for solid coloring (A) is dominant over the allele for white spots (a). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele.\nZelda's genotype of aa has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Zelda's phenotype for the coat pattern trait must be white spots.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. Freedom of speech and trial by jury are two important rights in the United States Constitution.\n1. First, Trent planted the geraniums in a clay pot, and then he placed the pot on a sunny windowsill in his kitchen." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nFirst, Trent planted the geraniums in a clay pot, and then he placed the pot on a sunny windowsill in his kitchen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Tyler acquired this trait?\n\n0. Tyler can cook food over a fire.\n1. Tyler learned how to build a fire at summer camp." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The wheelchair is pushing on Colton.\n1. The wheelchair is pulling on Colton." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Colton is pushing on the wheelchair. So, Newton's third law tells you that the wheelchair is pushing on Colton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is scratchier?\n\n0. bark\n1. rubber ball" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Scratchy is a property. A scratchy material is rough and itchy against your skin.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the bark is scratchier. If you could touch this tree bark, it would feel rough and itchy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMr. Goodman argues that we need to do more to prevent workplace injuries and fatalities. I doubt that someone so socially awkward would know a thing about office safety.\n\n0. ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that being socially awkward determines knowledge of workplace safety. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to Mr. Goodman's desire to prevent workplace injuries. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWhen Shivani first joined the track team, she was afraid of jumping, but she got over that hurdle.\n\n0. pun\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.\nHurdle refers to an obstacle that one must overcome. It also refers to an object that a runner jumps over.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a bowl of ice cream?\n\n0. 36\u00b0F\n1. 36\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a bowl of ice cream is 36\u00b0F.\n36\u00b0C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Eric felt better about collaborating on the research project after Greg talked with him about it.\n1. After Greg talked with Eric about the research project, he felt better about collaborating on it." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Greg or Eric.\nAfter Greg talked with Eric about the research project, he felt better about collaborating on it.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nEric felt better about collaborating on the research project after Greg talked with him about it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nVictor has naturally brown hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Some people dye their hair. But this does not change their natural hair color.\nChildren get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Victor's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Eli decides to see the polar bears. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Eli will save some time. The polar bears are close by, but he would have had to walk to the the other side of the zoo to see the tamarins.\n1. Eli will give up the chance to see the tamarins. He would have enjoyed seeing them more than the polar bears." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Eli wants or needs:\nEli will give up the chance to see the tamarins. He would have enjoyed seeing them more than the polar bears.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hammer?\n\n0. 17 kilometers\n1. 17 millimeters\n2. 17 meters\n3. 17 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 17 centimeters.\n17 millimeters is too short. 17 meters and 17 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an elephant?\n\n0. 5,725 grams\n1. 5,725 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 5,725 kilograms.\n5,725 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nPlease don't be upset with me.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. imperative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence makes a request, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Rose rode down the hill.\n\n0. decreased\n1. increased\n2. stayed the same" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed.\nThe bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Rose started sledding. As Rose rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Rose rode down the hill.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Nibbles's phenotype for the body size trait?\n\n0. a normal-sized body\n1. a dwarf body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Nibbles's genotype for the body size gene is BB. Nibbles's genotype of BB has only B allelles. The B allele is for a normal-sized body. So, Nibbles's phenotype for the body size trait must be a normal-sized body.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Nibbles's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a normal-sized body (B) is dominant over the allele for a dwarf body (b). This means B is a dominant allele, and b is a recessive allele.\nNibbles's genotype of BB has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Nibbles's phenotype for the body size trait must be a normal-sized body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAt twenty-one, Jonathan felt overwhelmed with adult responsibilities and wished he could fly off to Neverland.\n\n0. allusion\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nNeverland alludes to the story of Peter Pan, a boy who lived in Neverland and never grew up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDr. Clayton is unhappy with her new assistant because simple tasks, like fetching coffee, take him years to finish.\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na piece of avocado turning brown\nboiling sugar to make caramel\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado.\nBoiling sugar to make caramel is a chemical change. The heat causes the sugar to change into a different type of matter. Unlike sugar, the new matter is brown and sticky.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoiling sugar is caused by heating. But a piece of avocado turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs washing cars a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether washing cars is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs washing cars something you can touch? No.\nIs washing cars a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, washing cars is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the hockey puck's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the hockey puck and Earth () as the puck slid toward the goal.\n\n0. increased\n1. stayed the same\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the hockey puck and the center of Earth changed.\nBecause the table was level, each point on the table was the same distance from the center of Earth. As the hockey puck slid toward the goal, the distance between the puck and the center of Earth stayed the same. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the hockey puck and Earth stayed the same as the puck slid toward the goal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a garden snail?\n\n0. 42 centimeters\n1. 42 meters\n2. 42 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 42 millimeters.\n42 centimeters and 42 meters are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nYou may be impressed by Senator Larsen's work with low-income communities, but the fact remains that he graduated from an elite university. He couldn't possibly empathize with low-income constituents.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n2. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Senator Larsen can't empathize with his low-income constituents because he went to an elite university. However, going to an elite university doesn't necessarily mean you're out of touch. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. thanks,\nTrudy\n1. Thanks,\nTrudy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to mow the lawn?\n\n0. 40 hours\n1. 40 minutes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to mow the lawn is 40 minutes.\n40 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Scratches's phenotype for the fur type trait?\n\n0. ff\n1. curly fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Scratches's observable version of the fur type trait is curly fur. So, Scratches's phenotype for the fur type trait is curly fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. The river flooded the town during the storm.\n1. The state's rocky and windy coastal beaches." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The river flooded the town during the storm is a complete sentence. The subject is the river, and the verb is flooded.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Ashley's collection of handmade pottery was featured in last week's edition of the Weston Journal, which identified her as \"one of the most unique young artists to debut this year.\"\n1. Each vase and bowl in Ashley's collection of handmade pottery is unique. The colors and designs reflect both her cultural heritage and her individual artistic style." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.\nEach vase and bowl in Ashley's collection of handmade pottery is unique. The colors and designs reflect both her cultural heritage and her individual artistic style.\nThe first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Ashley is a distinctive artist, but might not be one of a kind. It may be helpful to remember that if unique is modified by an adverb\u2014as in most unique, very unique, or quite unique\u2014it is probably being used nontraditionally.\nAshley's collection of handmade pottery was featured in last week's edition of the Weston Journal, which identified her as \"one of the most unique young artists to debut this year.\"\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Brittany decides to plant the maple tree. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Brittany will get to look at the maple tree. She thinks it will look more beautiful than the poppies would have looked.\n1. The maple tree will use up more space than the poppies would have used up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Brittany wants or needs:\nThe maple tree will use up more space than the poppies would have used up.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.\n\n0. Minnows live underwater and have fins to help them swim. They have scaly skin and lay eggs with no shells. Many fishermen use minnows as bait to catch other fish.\n1. Barn owls live on every continent except Antarctica. They have feathers, two wings, and a beak. They hatch from eggs with shells." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBirds have the following traits:\nThey have feathers.\nThey have wings.\nThey have a beak.\nThey make eggs with shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA minnow has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA minnow does not have all of the traits of a bird. A minnow is a fish.\nA barn owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA barn owl has the traits of a bird. A barn owl is a bird.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Poseidon's phenotype for the iridescent scales trait?\n\n0. mostly plain scales\n1. mostly iridescent scales" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Poseidon's genotype for the iridescent scales gene is ii. Poseidon's genotype of ii has only i alleles. The i allele is for mostly plain scales. So, Poseidon's phenotype for the iridescent scales trait must be mostly plain scales.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Poseidon's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for mostly iridescent scales (I) is dominant over the allele for mostly plain scales (i). This means I is a dominant allele, and i is a recessive allele.\nPoseidon's genotype of ii has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Poseidon's phenotype for the iridescent scales trait must be mostly plain scales.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nLexi plays basketball.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. You might be excited by all of the people and activity in Tokyo, or it might be a bit overwhelming.\n1. The package includes some old letters from my grandma to my dad and a broken pocket watch." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or.\nYou might be excited by all of the people and activity in Tokyo, or it might be a bit overwhelming.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. thanks,\nAnne\n1. Thanks,\nAnne" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. hockey puck\n1. yeast\n2. snowman\n3. swing set" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A hockey puck is not a living thing.\nHockey pucks do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA yeast is a living thing.\nYeasts grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water.\nEach yeast is made up of just one cell. Some types of yeast cells are round. Other yeast cells have a long, thin shape.\nA snowman is not a living thing.\nA snowman does not have all the traits of a living thing. It is shaped like a person. But it does not need food.\nA swing set is not a living thing.\nSwing sets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich drop of honey has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter drop of honey\n1. the colder drop of honey" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two drops of honey are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder drop of honey has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nA glacier scrapes pieces of rock off a mountain and carries them downhill.\n\n0. landslide\n1. drought\n2. erosion" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nMr. and Mrs. Chandler usually see eye to eye, but not when it comes to the controversial mayoral race.\n\n0. Mr. and Mrs. Chandler look each other in the eye.\n1. Mr. and Mrs. Chandler usually agree." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom see eye to eye suggests that Mr. and Mrs. Chandler usually agree. When you see eye to eye with someone, you share their opinion.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is the Nile River?\n\n0. 6,850 kilometers\n1. 6,850 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of the Nile River is 6,850 kilometers.\n6,850 centimeters is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear dr. sutton,\n1. Dear Dr. Sutton," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. Sutton is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Milford has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Milford's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go up.\n1. The supply will probably go down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Milford. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nTed has a scar on his right knee.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't be deceived by Emma Hammond's articles on rural, blue-collar workers. Her husband is a fancy investment banker, so she can't possibly understand their situation.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Emma Hammond can't understand rural, blue-collar workers because she is associated with an urban newspaper. However, where Emma works doesn't necessarily indicate anything about her ability to empathize. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nAccording to a 2008 study, hog farms across five counties in eastern North Carolina produce more than fifteen million tons of manure every year, creating a waste management challenge of epic proportions for county officials.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.\nAccording to a 2008 study, hog farms across five counties in eastern North Carolina produce more than fifteen million tons of manure every year, creating a waste management challenge of epic proportions for county officials.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nequal - everyday\n\n0. escape\n1. elevator" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince escape is between the guide words equal - everyday, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Keith acquired this trait?\n\n0. Keith learned how to knit in an after school program.\n1. Keith knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. The famous French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson was known for his photographs of ordinary daily life.\n1. The famous French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson took pictures of a bunch of random people doing everyday things." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (a bunch of, random).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Finn investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps?\n1. Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce?\n2. Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bathtub?\n\n0. 320 liters\n1. 320 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a bathtub is 320 liters.\n320 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Cassie investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do apple slices dipped in orange juice turn brown more slowly than plain apple slices?\n1. Do apple slices turn brown more quickly if they are dipped in sugar or in orange juice?\n2. Do slices of pear turn brown more quickly than slices of banana?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that does not have a backbone.\n\n0. comet moth\n1. tokay gecko" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A comet moth is an insect. Like other insects, a comet moth does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA tokay gecko is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a tokay gecko has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nJoe must not have enjoyed the casserole, or he would have asked for a second serving.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n2. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that if Joe enjoyed the casserole, then he would have eaten more. However, Joe could have enjoyed the casserole without wanting a second serving. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nNorma never lies. She told me herself, so it must be true.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Norma is telling the truth because she says she never lies. However, the \"evidence\" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nMarshall has five fingers on each hand.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the mammal traits listed above.\n\n0. Harvest mice use their tails and feet to climb on plants and rocks. These mice have fur and feed their offspring milk.\n1. Minnows live underwater and have fins to help them swim. They have scaly skin and lay eggs with no shells. Many fishermen use minnows as bait to catch other fish." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMammals have the following traits:\nThey feed their offspring milk.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA minnow has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA minnow does not have all of the traits of a mammal. A minnow is a fish.\nA harvest mouse has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has fur.\nA harvest mouse has the traits of a mammal. A harvest mouse is a mammal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Anita acquired this trait?\n\n0. Anita knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Anita learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Biscotti's phenotype for the fur texture trait?\n\n0. wavy fur\n1. straight fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Biscotti's genotype for the fur texture gene is ff. Biscotti's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for wavy fur. So, Biscotti's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be wavy fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Biscotti's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for straight fur (F) is dominant over the allele for wavy fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nBiscotti's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Biscotti's phenotype for the fur texture trait must be wavy fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of an article?\n\n0. \"To Help a Shy Child, Listen\"\n1. To Help a Shy Child, Listen" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"To Help a Shy Child, Listen.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a 150-gram baked potato at a temperature of 43\u00b0C\n1. a 150-gram baked potato at a temperature of 40\u00b0C\n2. a 150-gram baked potato at a temperature of 26\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three baked potatoes have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 43\u00b0C potato is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. Hop on pop\n1. Hop on Pop" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word on is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Hop on Pop.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI must have eaten too much of Bernard's homemade chili, because now I'm so full I could explode!\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nSo full I could explode is an exaggeration, since it is clear that the speaker is not actually in danger of exploding.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nperfect - polo\n\n0. platform\n1. press" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince platform is between the guide words perfect - polo, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nshaking up salad dressing\nbreaking a piece of glass\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nShaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter.\nBreaking a piece of glass is a physical change. The glass gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nWinston can ride a bicycle.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a bicycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a bicycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a poem?\n\n0. \"Mother to Son\"\n1. \"mother to son\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word to is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is \"Mother to Son.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. Unless Judith can leave work early, she'll miss the beginning of the play.\n1. The thermometer and the cough syrup are in the medicine cabinet next to the cotton balls." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nThe thermometer and the cough syrup are in the medicine cabinet next to the cotton balls.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAnthony has five toes on each foot.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word nimble on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nnation - next\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince nimble is not between the guide words nation - next, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.\nKnows the answer.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject.\nWho knows the answer? She knows the answer.\nThe bright red car.\nThis is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nWhat did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a sentence fragment?\n\n0. Aunt Clare's heavy baggage.\n1. Preston and his friends completed the puzzle in less than an hour." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Aunt Clare's heavy baggage is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nAndrew described the situation he was facing with his boss as a catch-22.\n\n0. a song\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion catch-22 is literature.\nJoseph Heller coined the term \"catch-22\" in his 1961 novel of the same name. In the novel, if an army pilot wants to avoid dangerous missions, he must be deemed mentally unfit; however, his desire to stay safe proves his sanity, so he can never be excused from a mission. Heller called this sort of predicament or dilemma a catch-22.\nThe allusion catch-22 means a no-win situation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is smoother?\n\n0. rock wall\n1. glass marbles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass marbles are smoother. Glass marbles do not feel rough or bumpy when you touch them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nJamie's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved by research or observation.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is a fact. The statement can be proved by researching the height of each man and comparing them.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThe statement above is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The greatest benefit of Parkour training is that it teaches people to see obstacles and challenges as opportunities.\n1. Parkour is a physical discipline that involves getting from one point to another while navigating obstacles along the way." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nParkour is a physical discipline that involves getting from one point to another while navigating obstacles along the way.\nIt can be proved by reading an article about Parkour.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe greatest benefit of Parkour training is that it teaches people to see obstacles and challenges as opportunities.\nThe greatest benefit shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether this is Parkour's most important or greatest benefit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Before Jake decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to them about the requirements for each major.\n1. Before Jake decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to academic advisers about the requirements for each major." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with academic advisers.\nBefore Jake decided on a double major in history and Russian literature, he talked to academic advisers about the requirements for each major.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\n\nQuestion:\nLook at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?\nso\n\n0. open\n1. closed" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The word so ends with a vowel and has a long vowel sound. So, it has an open syllable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nPropane is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether propane is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for propane is C3 H8. This formula contains two symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that propane is made of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, propane is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAccording to Mr. Burton's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.\n\n0. The snoring is loud.\n1. The snoring occurs in bursts." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Burton's snoring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Clarence inherited this trait?\n\n0. Clarence's biological parents have wavy hair.\n1. Clarence uses a headband to keep his wavy hair out of his face.\n2. Clarence's biological mother has long hair. Clarence also has long hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. hair clip\n1. water in a fishbowl\n2. air inside a raft\n3. helium" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.\nA hair clip is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can use a hair clip to keep your hair out of your face because the hair clip keeps its shape.\nThe air inside a raft is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air in a raft expands to fill all the space inside the raft. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the raft.\nHelium is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. Helium is lighter than air. So, if you fill a balloon with helium, the balloon will rise. If helium leaks out of the balloon, the helium will expand into the space around the balloon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Mary investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool?\n1. When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?\n2. When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Chrysotile is a solid. It is formed in nature.\n1. Fluorite is a solid. It is formed in nature.\n2. Cheese is not a pure substance. It is made by humans." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nCheese is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nCheese is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, cheese is not a mineral.\nFluorite is a mineral.\nChrysotile is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Alvin's phenotype for the eye color trait?\n\n0. brown eyes\n1. EE" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Alvin's observable version of the eye color trait is brown eyes. So, Alvin's phenotype for the eye color trait is brown eyes.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. chocolate syrup\n1. ballet shoes\n2. tortoise shell\n3. hair clip" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A hair clip is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. You can use a hair clip to keep your hair out of your face because the hair clip keeps its shape.\nA ballet shoe is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When a dancer wears a ballet shoe, it may bend a little. But the ballet shoe still has a size and shape of its own.\nChocolate syrup is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour chocolate syrup into a container, the chocolate syrup will take the shape of that container. But the chocolate syrup will still take up the same amount of space.\nA tortoise shell is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A tortoise shell is made of a solid called keratin, just like your fingernails!\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbaking an apple pie\nmaking jam\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes when it is baked. The crust turns brown, and the apples become soft.\nMaking jam is a chemical change. It involves mixing fruit, sugar, and a substance called pectin.\nWhen these ingredients are mixed and cooked, the chemical bonds in their molecules are broken. The atoms then link together to form different molecules that make up the jam.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that has a backbone.\n\n0. weaver ant\n1. common toad" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A common toad is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a common toad has a backbone.\nA weaver ant is an insect. Like other insects, a weaver ant does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. Larry picked raspberries in the field until his fingertips were stained red.\n1. Henry Bacon's design of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., won him a gold medal from the American Institute of Architects." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nHenry Bacon's design of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., won him a gold medal from the American Institute of Architects.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nIn such an unfamiliar environment, Brody was a fish out of water.\n\n0. Brody felt out of place.\n1. Brody didn't have any friends." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Brody felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Matt acquired this trait?\n\n0. Matt is most interested in human biology.\n1. Matt learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWhen Lauren claimed she had loaded the dishwasher before turning on Dancing with the Stars, her mother replied, \"Your nose is growing!\"\n\n0. Lauren was lying.\n1. Lauren was goofy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion nose is growing suggests that Lauren was lying. In the story of Pinocchio, when Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Austin inherited this trait?\n\n0. Austin wears glasses and so do his sisters.\n1. Austin's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes.\n2. Austin's friend also has hazel eyes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. hurl\n1. curl\n2. gull" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words curl and hurl rhyme. They both end with the url sound.\nThe word gull does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas.\nAn urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic.\nA suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places.\nA rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches.\nSome places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich kind of place usually has taller buildings?\n\n0. an urban area\n1. a suburban area" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Since there are more people in urban areas, the buildings are usually taller. Tall buildings can hold more people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Statements of fact make claims that are based on research, observation, or experimentation. Facts can be proved with evidence.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was shorter than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is a fact. The statement can be verified by researching and comparing the height of each man.\nStatements of opinion make claims that are based on personal judgments or perspectives. Opinions can be supported by evidence, but they cannot be definitively proved.\nNapoleon Bonaparte was a better leader than King Louis XVI.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" leader, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The cold, sunless winter months in Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are unbearable.\n1. Dry Valleys, Antarctica, is the driest place on Earth, followed by Arica, Chile." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact. It can be verified by comparing places with the lowest annual rainfall.\nDry Valleys, Antarctica, is the driest place on Earth, followed by Arica, Chile.\nThe second sentence states an opinion. Unbearable indicates a personal judgment.\nThe cold, sunless winter months in Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are unbearable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMuch to our shock, Marshall chose to turn the other cheek when Sadie insulted him in a meeting.\n\n0. U.S. history\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion turn the other cheek is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Jesus counsels his followers to resist retaliation. He says that if they are struck on the right cheek, they shouldn't lash out; instead, they should turn the other cheek toward their attacker.\nThe allusion turn the other cheek means to respond without aggression.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nPotassium nitrate is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether potassium nitrate is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for potassium nitrate is KNO3. This formula contains three symbols: K for potassium, N for nitrogen, and O for oxygen. So, the formula tells you that potassium nitrate is made of three chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, potassium nitrate is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The suitcase is pushing on Sebastian.\n1. The suitcase is pulling on Sebastian." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sebastian is pulling on the suitcase. So, Newton's third law tells you that the suitcase is pulling on Sebastian.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Chandler decides to get the caramel swirl ice cream. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Chandler will give up the chance to eat the praline pecan ice cream. He likes this flavor more than caramel swirl.\n1. Chandler will get a free waffle cone. He will enjoy the waffle cone." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Chandler wants or needs:\nChandler will give up the chance to eat the praline pecan ice cream. He likes this flavor more than caramel swirl.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The trek across New Zealand's South Island is exhausting, but the gorgeous views make it worth the effort.\n1. At the auction, several paintings by famous artists were for sale, including one by Pablo Picasso." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction but.\nThe trek across New Zealand's South Island is exhausting, but the gorgeous views make it worth the effort.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word won on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nwhite - win\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince won is not between the guide words white - win, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nYesterday's tennis match was a classic David and Goliath story, with Michael playing against his former team captain, Erik.\n\n0. a poem\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion David and Goliath is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a young man named David slays Goliath, a giant and champion warrior, using nothing more than a sling and a stone.\nThe allusion David and Goliath means involving unequal rivals.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\n\"Frank's personality is very Jekyll and Hyde,\" Kristen told her brother.\n\n0. literature\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature.\nRobert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person.\nThe allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. slide\n1. air inside a bubble\n2. air inside a soccer ball\n3. rain" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Rain is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you put rainwater into a bucket, the rainwater will take the shape of the bucket. But the rainwater will still take up the same amount of space.\nThe air inside a soccer ball is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air fills all the space inside the soccer ball. If air leaks out, it will expand into the space around the ball.\nThe air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nA slide is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A slide has a size and shape of its own, even when you sit on it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Kline Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions.\n1. Kline Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nYou've reached Steven Crawford's voice mail. Please leave a detailed message at the beep, and I will return your call at my earliest convenience.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Pablo investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which of the three types of tomato seeds sprouts the fastest?\n1. Which type of soil will cause a certain kind of tomato plant to grow the most fruit?\n2. Does a certain kind of tomato plant grow taller when planted in a clay pot or in a plastic pot?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Peterson Electronics has a reputation for responding quickly to all customer concerns and questions.\n1. Peterson Electronics has a reputation for responding real quick to customer concerns and questions." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (real quick).\nThe first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to fly across the United States in an airplane?\n\n0. 5 minutes\n1. 5 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to fly across the United States in an airplane is 5 hours.\n5 minutes is too fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nIn what part of the United States did Rosa Parks grow up?\n\n0. the Midwest\n1. the Northeast\n2. the West\n3. the South" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Rosa Parks grew up in the South.\nRosa Parks grew up in the state of Alabama. Alabama is in the South. Look at the map below.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich wax candle has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter wax candle\n1. the colder wax candle" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two wax candles are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter wax candle has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Trisha acquired this trait?\n\n0. When Trisha was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers.\n1. Trisha learned how to make chili from a recipe book.\n2. Trisha's friends like to make chili with her." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nLester is good at baking.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to bake. Instead, many people learn how to bake. So, baking is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Best Regards,\nRoy\n1. Best regards,\nRoy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nBrenda has five toes on each foot.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that Herman's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between Herman and Earth () as he hiked toward the summit.\n\n0. increased\n1. stayed the same\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between Herman and the center of Earth changed.\nThe summit of the mountain was higher than the point where Herman started hiking. As he hiked toward the summit, the distance between Herman and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Herman and Earth increased as he hiked toward the summit.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. Lorenzo will read the script on his own, and then we'll practice our lines together.\n1. Shelby and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.\nShelby and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Muscovite is a pure substance. It is not made by living things.\n1. A shark's tooth is made by a living thing. It is not a pure substance.\n2. Chrysotile is a solid. It is a pure substance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nMuscovite is a mineral.\nA shark's tooth is made by a living thing. But minerals are not made by living things.\nA shark's tooth is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, a shark's tooth is not a mineral.\nChrysotile is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. A marble is made by humans. It is a solid.\n1. Dolerite is a solid. It is not made by living things.\n2. Marble is not made by living things. It is formed in nature." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nA marble is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, a marble is not a rock.\nMarble is a rock.\nDolerite is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nlike - lumber\n\n0. lamb\n1. looked" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince looked is between the guide words like - lumber, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nAaron can ride a motorcycle.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a motorcycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a motorcycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Fernando acquired this trait?\n\n0. Fernando learned history by reading.\n1. Fernando is most interested in American history." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nwater freezing into ice\nbending a paper clip\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water.\nBending a paper clip is a physical change. After you bend it, the paper clip has a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nWater freezing is caused by cooling. But bending a paper clip is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nTwo hawks rest in the tree.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, rest. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Zane inherited this trait?\n\n0. Zane's biological mother often wears her naturally brown hair in a bun.\n1. Zane and his siblings all have naturally straight hair.\n2. Zane and his biological father have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIsaac returned to the parking lot to find his car somewhat destroyed. Apparently someone had crashed into it while he was working and had broken the entire front windshield.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSomewhat destroyed is a contradiction, because somewhat means partially or moderately, and destroyed implies totally wrecked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. screwdriver\n1. air inside a balloon\n2. hammer\n3. grape juice" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nGrape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space.\nA screwdriver is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. This screwdriver has a metal blade and a plastic handle. Both metal and plastic are solids.\nA hammer is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. A hammer is made of iron and wood. Both iron and wood are solids.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Digby's genotype for the fur length gene?\n\n0. short fur\n1. FF" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Digby has two alleles for short fur (F). So, Digby's genotype for the fur length gene is FF.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The gas pedal is pulling on Helen's foot.\n1. The gas pedal is pushing on Helen's foot." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Helen's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Helen's foot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nYou think Todd should be class president? I just can't see it. He reads romance novels for fun.\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Todd shouldn't be class president because he reads romance novels for fun. This is a personal attack on Todd that isn't relevant to whether he would be a good class president. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Mike inherited this trait?\n\n0. Mike has freckles on his nose and shoulders.\n1. Mike and his biological mother have pale skin.\n2. Mike's biological parents have freckles on their noses just as Mike does." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Birds are the only living animals that have feathers.\n1. Peacock feathers can make any room look fancy." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nBirds are the only living animals that have feathers.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about birds.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nPeacock feathers can make any room look fancy.\nFancy shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes something look fancy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the fish.\n\n0. cane toad\n1. gray tree frog\n2. ocean sunfish\n3. spotted dolphin" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A spotted dolphin is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nDolphins may look like sharks or other fish, but they are mammals! When a baby dolphin is born, it has hair around its jaw. This hair falls out as the dolphin grows.\nA gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nThere are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches.\nAn ocean sunfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nOcean sunfish have a flat body and wide fins. They sometimes swim to the ocean's surface to rest in the sun.\nA cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.\nOther animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal that does not have a backbone.\n\n0. ladybug\n1. porcupine" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.\nA porcupine is a mammal. Like other mammals, a porcupine has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Dale sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. complex\n2. simple\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Dale sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAfter spending weeks in New York City, Helen was a bit unnerved by the deafening silence of her small hometown.\n\n0. oxymoron\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDeafening silence is a contradiction, because deafening describes something extremely loud, and silence is the absence of sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a leather belt?\n\n0. 30 yards\n1. 30 miles\n2. 30 feet\n3. 30 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 30 inches.\n30 feet, 30 yards, and 30 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nKnitting yarn into a scarf is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Knitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is \u00b0.\nSome thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.\nThis is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.\nThere is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80\u00b0F.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the temperature shown by this thermometer.\n\n0. 110\u00b0F\n1. 125\u00b0F\n2. 95\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Find the top of the red liquid.\nNow look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid lines up with 110. So, the temperature is 110\u00b0F.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThroughout the ages, human beings have pondered the many mysteries of the moon.\n\n0. alliteration\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses alliteration, the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nMany mysteries of the moon repeats the m sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Quartz is not made by living things. It is a solid.\n1. Chalcopyrite is a solid. It is not made by living things.\n2. A shark's tooth is not a pure substance. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nChalcopyrite is a mineral.\nQuartz is a mineral.\nA shark's tooth is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, a shark's tooth is not a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nDustin will read his book before bed.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, read. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a drinking straw?\n\n0. 25 centimeters\n1. 25 kilometers\n2. 25 meters\n3. 25 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a drinking straw is 25 centimeters.\n25 millimeters is too short. 25 meters and 25 kilometers are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nTori's Bistro used to be a great place to go for a delicious and carefully prepared dinner, but nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded.\n\n0. paradox\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded at first appears to be contradictory, because if no one goes to the restaurant, then the restaurant should be empty, not crowded. However, it contains some truth: if a restaurant is frequently perceived to be too crowded, many people will no longer want to go there.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe movers lift the boxes at the same speed. Which box is lifted with a larger force?\n\n0. a box holding 40 pounds\n1. a box holding 30 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the box that is heavier.\nA box holding 40 pounds is heavier than a box holding 30 pounds. So, the box holding 40 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other box.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three bicycles. Which bicycle was moving at the lowest speed?\n\n0. a bicycle that moved 115miles east in 10hours\n1. a bicycle that moved 120miles west in 10hours\n2. a bicycle that moved 280miles north in 10hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each bicycle moved for 10 hours. The bicycle that moved 115 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the lowest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true.\nThe month of July has more days than the month of June.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nJuly is a better month than June for camping.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is \"better\" for camping.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The modern sport of golf developed in Scotland in the late 1400s.\n1. Golf is possibly the dumbest sport that was ever invented." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nThe modern sport of golf developed in Scotland in the late 1400 s.\nIt can be proved by reading a book about the history of golf.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nGolf is possibly the dumbest sport that was ever invented.\nDumbest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is dumb.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbreaking a plate\ncutting your fingernails\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBreaking a plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.\nCutting your fingernails is a physical change. Your fingernails are shorter after you cut them. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the uncut fingernails.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a fish tank at a temperature of 76\u00b0F\n1. a fish tank at a temperature of 52\u00b0F\n2. a fish tank at a temperature of 66\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three fish tanks have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 76\u00b0F fish tank is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All living things are made up of cells. Plants, animals, and some fungi have many cells. Other living things are made up of just one cell.\nAll living things need food and water. Water helps living things break down food and remove waste. Food gives living things energy. They use energy from food to grow and change.\nAll living things sense changes in their environment. Living things might sense changes by seeing, smelling, hearing, or feeling. Living things can respond to the changes they sense.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the living thing.\n\n0. crayon\n1. swing set\n2. butterfly\n3. rain" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Rain is not a living thing.\nRain is made of water. It helps living things survive. But it does not have all the traits of a living thing. Rain does not grow or need food.\nA butterfly is a living thing.\nButterflies grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Butterflies are made up of many cells.\nButterflies are animals. They get their energy from nectar.\nA crayon is not a living thing.\nCrayons do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nA swing set is not a living thing.\nSwing sets do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Keith inherited this trait?\n\n0. Keith's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Keith.\n1. Keith's mother cuts his hair every month." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nLast year, the city of Lanberry allocated more money to public parks. This year, however, littering increased, so the increase in park funding must have been responsible.\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that increased park funding was responsible for an increase in littering. However, even though littering increased after funding to parks was increased, that doesn't necessarily mean that the funding was responsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The artist prepared a canvas for a new oil painting.\n1. The baker split the cookie in half, and crumbs fell to the floor." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.\nThe baker split the cookie in half, and crumbs fell to the floor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nEd picked up his pace on the trail as his spidey sense began to tingle.\n\n0. a song\n1. a comic book" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion spidey sense is a comic book.\nThe comic book superhero Spider-Man possesses a spidey sense that warns him of impending trouble.\nThe allusion spidey sense means a sense of danger coming.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Coach Armstrong talked to her team before the game.\n1. We danced for hours we were tired." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "We danced for hours we were tired is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: We danced for hours and We were tired.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a dose of cough syrup?\n\n0. 5 liters\n1. 5 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a dose of cough syrup is 5 milliliters.\n5 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nAn increasing number of people are keeping ferrets as pets, so they must make wonderful companion animals.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that ferrets make good pets, because many people are getting them. However, even though many people have ferrets, that doesn't necessarily mean that ferrets make good pets. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nErica has five toes on each foot.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a book?\n\n0. \"The Wizard of Oz\"\n1. ***The Wizard of Oz***" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A book should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **The Wizard of Oz**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nsawing a log in half\nstretching a rubber band\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nSawing a log in half is a physical change. The log splits into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter.\nStretching a rubber band is a physical change. The rubber band gets longer. But it is still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nHazel can ride a bicycle.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to ride a bicycle. Instead, many people learn how to ride. So, riding a bicycle is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a school bus?\n\n0. 14 meters\n1. 14 kilometers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a school bus is 14 meters.\n14 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Plant cells are made up of many different parts. Each cell part has a function that helps the cell survive and grow.\nSome cell parts are called organelles. Organelles are cell structures that are surrounded by their own membranes. Here are some of the organelles in plant cells:\nChloroplasts and mitochondria work together to help the cell get the energy it needs. The chloroplasts use photosynthesis to make sugar. The mitochondria break down this sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.\nThe nucleus directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of the cell. The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes. The chromosomes are made mostly of hereditary material called DNA. DNA contains information that the cell uses for growth and activities. These instructions tell ribosomes how to build molecules called proteins, which make up cell structures and help chemical reactions happen in the cell.\nThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins. The nucleus sends instructions for making proteins to ribosomes. Ribosomes can attach to the endoplamic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes use these instructions to make proteins that the cell needs to survive and grow.\nAfter proteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum, they can be transferred to the Golgi. The Golgi is an organelle made up of flat, stacked membranes. The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances. Then, the Golgi sends these substances to different parts of the cell. Some of these substances are sent to the cell membrane and released from the cell.\nIn plant cells, the vacuole stores waste, water, and nutrients such as sugar. Most plant cells have one vacuole.\nOther cell parts are not surrounded by their own membranes. These cell parts are not organelles.\nThe cell wall is the cell's tough outer covering. It gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keep its shape.\nOn the inside of the cell wall is a thin layer called the cell membrane. This layer is a membrane, but it does not have a membrane surrounding it, so it is not an organelle. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nThe cytoplasm is a thick liquid that fills the space inside the cell. The cytoplasm also helps the cell keep its shape and supports the other cell parts.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the part whose main job is to give strength and stiffness to a plant cell.\n\n0. cytoplasm\n1. chromosomes\n2. cell wall\n3. Golgi" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The cell wall is the outer layer of a plant cell. It gives the cell strength and stiffness, which helps the cell keep its shape. The cell wall also supports and protects the cell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an ice skate?\n\n0. 34 centimeters\n1. 34 kilometers\n2. 34 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an ice skate is 34 centimeters.\n34 meters and 34 kilometers are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Sidney decides to eat the string cheese. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Sidney will get to eat the string cheese. The string cheese will be healthier than the vanilla custard would have been.\n1. Sidney will give up the chance to eat the vanilla custard. Sidney thinks vanilla custard would have tasted better than string cheese will." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Sidney wants or needs:\nSidney will give up the chance to eat the vanilla custard. Sidney thinks vanilla custard would have tasted better than string cheese will.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her grammar and mechanics?\nWhen I'm asked to name my favorite teacher, I immediately think of Mr. Sweeney. In fifth grade, Mr. Sweeney taught us all about architecture he had the class start by learning to measure things very accurately. We studied environmentally friendly building methods, and we designed and built our own homes of the future. Mr. Sweeney was always fun and interesting, he believed that we could do more than we thought we could do. He helped me break boundaries in my life, he was a positive influence on me and will always be one of the most inspirational people in my life.\n\n0. by using correct verb tenses\n1. by fixing run-on sentences" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her grammar and mechanics by fixing run-on sentences.\nFor example, the writer could divide each of the underlined run-on sentences into two complete sentences.\nWhen I'm asked to name my favorite teacher, I immediately think of Mr. Sweeney. In fifth grade, Mr. Sweeney taught us all about architecture he had the class start by learning to measure things very accurately. We studied environmentally friendly building methods, and we designed and built our own homes of the future. Mr. Sweeney was always fun and interesting, he believed that we could do more than we thought we could do. He helped me break boundaries in my life, he was a positive influence on me and will always be one of the most inspirational people in my life.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nI never thought I'd enjoy the opera so much!\n\n0. exclamatory\n1. declarative\n2. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement that shows surprise and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhy do people form governments?\n\n0. to help people work together\n1. to get rid of all rules\n2. so that no one has to work" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People form governments for two main reasons.\nGovernments come up with laws, or rules, for a community. Laws help keep people safe. For example, traffic laws make it safer to drive.\nLaws can tell people how to work together and settle disagreements. How? Think about a team sport like soccer. The rules tell the players how to play together. For example, rules say which team should get the ball when it goes out of bounds. Laws work the same way in a community.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Darnel lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Darnel lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Darnel lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the simile in this text suggest?\nEmma rubbed coconut oil on her hands, which were like the parched earth during a drought.\n\n0. Emma's hands were hot.\n1. Emma's hands were dry and cracked." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Emma's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nI want to shake off the dust of this one-horse town. I want to explore the world. I want to watch TV in a different time zone. I want to visit strange, exotic malls. I'm sick of eating hoagies! I want a grinder, a sub, a foot-long hero!\n\u2014Homer Simpson, The Simpsons\n\n0. anaphora\n1. chiasmus" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nHomer repeats the words I want at the beginning of each sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.\n\n0. Rough-skinned newts release poison from their moist skin. The poison has a strong smell that keeps predators away. Rough-skinned newts hatch from eggs with no shells. They live underwater for the first part of their lives. As adults, they live mostly on land.\n1. Bengal tigers are one of the world's largest living cats. They have black, white, and orange fur. Female Bengal tigers feed their offspring milk. Male Bengal tigers can be almost twice as large as females!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA rough-skinned newt has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA rough-skinned newt has the traits of an amphibian. A rough-skinned newt is an amphibian.\nA Bengal tiger has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hair.\nA Bengal tiger does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A Bengal tiger is a mammal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nAlthough Fred hasn't worked in years, his mother prefers to say that he's between jobs right now.\n\n0. paradox\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nBetween jobs is an indirect way of saying unemployed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nO wind, rend open the heat,\nCut apart the heat,\nRend it to tatters.\n\u2014H. D., \"Garden\"\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. anaphora" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nO wind is a direct address to the wind, a nonhuman entity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe Shahs argue we should eat our pizza with a fork and knife because it's less messy, but what do they know? Have you seen their house? It's a disaster!\n\n0. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n2. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the Shahs' opinion on eating pizza is invalid because their house is messy. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the argument is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nLester will join the bike race.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, join. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word bit on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nbase - bury\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince bit is between the guide words base - bury, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Rick acquired this trait?\n\n0. Rick knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Rick learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a paintbrush?\n\n0. 12 yards\n1. 12 feet\n2. 12 miles\n3. 12 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a paintbrush is 12 inches.\n12 feet, 12 yards, and 12 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.\nA poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.\nEnd rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.\nLittle Betty Blue,\nLost her holiday shoe.\n\u2014From Mother Goose\nInternal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.\nSweet dreams of pleasant streams.\n\u2014From William Blake, \"A Cradle Song\"\nRhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.\nHe watches from his mountain walls,\nAnd like a thunderbolt he falls.\n\u2014From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, \"The Eagle\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.\nFree verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.\nThe old bridge has a wrinkled face.\nHe bends his back\nFor us to go over.\n\u2014From Hilda Conkling, \"The Old Bridge\"\nThe syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.\nRepetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.\nThe dainty flying squirrel\nIn vest of shining white,\nIn coat of silver gray,\nAnd vest of shining white.\n\u2014Adapted from Mary E. Burt, \"The Flying Squirrel\"\nAlliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.\nWhere the wild men watched and waited\nWolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.\n\u2014From Bayard Taylor, \"A Night with a Wolf\"\nOnomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:\nTlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.\n\u2014From Alfred Noyes, \"The Highwayman\"\nSometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:\nHark! the honey bee is humming.\n\u2014From Mary Howitt, \"The Voice of Spring\"\n\nQuestion:\nChoose the poem that uses end rhyme.\n\n0. She stood against the kitchen sink, and looked\nOver the sink out through a dusty window\nAt weeds the water from the sink made tall.\nShe wore her cape; her hat was in her hand.\n1. High up in the apple tree climbing I go,\nWith the sky above me, the earth below.\nEach branch is the step of a wonderful stair\nWhich leads to the town I see shining up there." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This poem uses end rhyme. Its rhymes come at the end of its lines.\nWith the sky above me, the earth below.\nWhich leads to the town I see shining up there.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. The student council requested that more lockers be installed ASAP to accommodate the incoming freshman class.\n1. The student council requested that more lockers be installed immediately to accommodate the incoming freshman class." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses abbreviated language (ASAP).\nThe second sentence does not use abbreviated language, so it is more formal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nFrom the look on her face, Diana is carrying an albatross around her neck.\n\n0. a poem\n1. Egyptian history" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion an albatross around her neck is a poem.\nIn Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,\" a sailor shoots and kills an albatross, an action that curses the ship and crew. As his crew members die, the Ancient Mariner feels his guilt hanging like the albatross around his neck.\nThe allusion an albatross around her neck means a burden a person must bear.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a magazine?\n\n0. Better homes and Gardens\n1. Better Homes and Gardens" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word and is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Better Homes and Gardens.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a 125-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 15\u00b0C\n1. a 125-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 25\u00b0C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of grape juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 15\u00b0C glass of grape juice is colder than the 25\u00b0C glass of grape juice, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a cement truck?\n\n0. 24 pounds\n1. 24 ounces\n2. 24 tons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a cement truck is 24 tons.\n24 ounces and 24 pounds are both too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Peter inherited this trait?\n\n0. Peter and his father both have short hair.\n1. Peter's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Peter." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Boba's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. dark fur\n1. light fur" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Boba's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Boba's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for light fur. So, Boba's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur.\nTo check this answer, consider whether Boba's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for dark fur (F) is dominant over the allele for light fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nBoba's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Boba's phenotype for the fur color trait must be light fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Louie's phenotype for the cheek color trait?\n\n0. pale orange cheeks\n1. rr" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Louie's observable version of the cheek color trait is pale orange cheeks. So, Louie's phenotype for the cheek color trait is pale orange cheeks.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. With love,\nJosh\n1. with love,\nJosh" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word parent on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npresident - public\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince parent is not between the guide words president - public, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nphotosynthesis\na penny tarnishing\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nPhotosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight.\nMetal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Mabel acquired this trait?\n\n0. Some scars fade more quickly than others.\n1. Mabel's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nShelby has naturally blond hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their natural hair color. Instead, children get their natural hair color from their parents. So, Shelby's hair color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the mammal traits listed above.\n\n0. Barn owls live on every continent except Antarctica. They have feathers, two wings, and a beak. They hatch from eggs with shells.\n1. Florida manatees have hairs on their bodies that are similar to whiskers. These hairs help the manatees feel the water moving around them. Female manatees feed their offspring milk." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nMammals have the following traits:\nThey feed their offspring milk.\nThey have fur or hair.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA Florida manatee has the following traits:\nIt feeds its offspring milk.\nIt has hair.\nA Florida manatee has the traits of a mammal. A Florida manatee is a mammal.\nA barn owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA barn owl does not have all of the traits of a mammal. A barn owl is a bird.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70\u00b0F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich brick has less thermal energy?\n\n0. the hotter brick\n1. the colder brick" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bricks are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder brick has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the personification in this text suggest?\nKeith tried to ignore his unfinished essay, but it glared at him from across the room.\n\n0. It bothered Keith that the essay wasn't finished.\n1. The essay was printed in large type." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nGlared at him suggests that it bothered Keith that the essay wasn't finished. The essay is like a person who is bothering Keith.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. Lysosomes contain the master plan for all cell activities and cell development in animal cells.\n1. Plant cells can have mitochondria but do not have vacuoles.\n2. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave a plant cell." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nOn average, the coldest month in Hof, Iceland, is January.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nOn average, the coldest month in Hof, Iceland, is January.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperature pattern in Hof. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich announcement is more formal?\n\n0. The Riverside Law Firm is so happy to tell you . . .\n1. The Riverside Law Firm is pleased to announce . . ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second announcement is more formal. It uses more elevated language (pleased to announce). The other announcement sounds more conversational (so happy).\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Jasmine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\n1. Jasmine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.\nJasmine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.\nThe second text uses literally in its nontraditional sense: nearly or in effect (often exaggerated). The bridge is old, but it is not actually a million years old.\nJasmine adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word literally because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nGrilling a hamburger is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Grilling a hamburger is a chemical change. Heat from the grill causes the matter in the meat to change. Cooked meat and raw meat are different types of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. moon jellyfish\n1. fireworm\n2. common ostrich\n3. castor bean tick" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other jellyfishes, a moon jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA castor bean tick is an insect. Like other insects, a castor bean tick is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA fireworm is a worm. Like other worms, a fireworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA common ostrich is a bird. Like other birds, a common ostrich is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich letter opening is more formal?\n\n0. Dear Dave,\n1. Dear Mr. Oliver," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. fly\n1. yak\n2. peafowl\n3. Surinam horned frog" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A yak is a mammal. Like other mammals, a yak is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA peafowl is a bird. Like other birds, a peafowl is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA Surinam horned frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a Surinam horned frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't ever get a ride from Erin. Her brother has been driving for only six months, and he's already gotten three speeding tickets.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Erin must be a reckless driver, because her brother is a reckless driver. However, even though Erin's brother is reckless, that doesn't necessarily mean that Erin is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (\u00b0F) or Celsius (\u00b0C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212\u00b0F | Water boils | 100\u00b0C\n98.6\u00b0F | Body temperature | 37\u00b0C\n68\u00b0F | Room temperature | 20\u00b0C\n32\u00b0F | Water freezes | 0\u00b0C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a warm swimming pool?\n\n0. 25\u00b0C\n1. 25\u00b0F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a warm swimming pool is 25\u00b0C.\n25\u00b0F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Silvergrove has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Silvergrove's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go down.\n1. The supply will probably go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Silvergrove. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nHunter's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party.\n\n0. Shakespeare\n1. the Bible" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.\nSir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.\nThe allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Ryan investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which type of tree do the squirrels feed from most often?\n1. Do the squirrels select sunflower seeds or walnuts more often?\n2. Do the squirrels eat walnuts from large feeders more often than from small feeders?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Peter acquired this trait?\n\n0. Peter likes to fly a kite with his younger brother.\n1. Peter's friend taught him how to fly a kite.\n2. Peter's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Bingo's phenotype for the wool color trait?\n\n0. black wool\n1. ll" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Bingo's observable version of the wool color trait is black wool. So, Bingo's phenotype for the wool color trait is black wool.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Dave went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.\n1. Dave went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended it." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to calculus or trigonometry.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with calculus.\nDave went on to calculus after studying trigonometry, but he never fully comprehended calculus.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would stretch more?\n\n0. nylon shorts\n1. glass bowl" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the nylon shorts would stretch more. If you pull the leg opening on a pair of nylon shorts, it will get wider.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a soda bottle cap?\n\n0. 12 liters\n1. 12 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a soda bottle cap is 12 milliliters.\n12 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene\u2014one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this cucumber plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene?\n\n0. FF\n1. bumpy fruit" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The cucumber plant has two alleles for bumpy fruit (F). So, the plant's genotype for the fruit texture gene is FF.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the vertebrate.\n\n0. giant octopus\n1. saturn butterfly\n2. earthworm\n3. robin" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A saturn butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a saturn butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nAn earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nLike other octopuses, a giant octopus is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.\nA robin is a bird. Like other birds, a robin is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved true by research or observation.\nGeorge Washington became president of the United States in 1789.\nThis statement is a fact. It can be proved by researching what year George Washington was inaugurated president.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion can be supported by evidence, but it cannot be proved true.\nGeorge Washington was a better president than Thomas Jefferson.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" president, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. It is hard to understand Australian people's accents.\n1. Australia is a continent in the Southern Hemisphere." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nAustralia is a continent in the Southern Hemisphere.\nIt can be proved by finding Australia on a globe.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nIt is hard to understand Australian people's accents.\nHard shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes an accent hard to understand.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs picking apples a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether picking apples is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs picking apples something you can touch? No.\nIs picking apples a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, picking apples is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nAnswer the riddle.\nI smell good.\nI can come in many colors.\nI grow in a garden.\nWhat am I?\n\n0. a flower\n1. a bird" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A flower smells good.\nA flower can come in many colors.\nA flower grows in a garden.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMost students who take the school's Advanced Computer Science class go on to major in computer science. Clearly, the course must be the reason why students major in computer science.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the school's Advanced Computer Science class is the reason students choose to major in computer science. The text states that most of the students who take that class continue on with the major. However, the class isn't necessarily the reason they do so. For example, the students who take the advanced class may already be interested in majoring in computer science. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nHow does the new mayor intend to fulfill his campaign promise to bring new jobs to the city?\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative\n2. imperative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Kaylee inherited this trait?\n\n0. Kaylee's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Kaylee.\n1. Kaylee and her mother both wear their hair in braids." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Nicole lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Nicole lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.\nThis passage tells you about the usual precipitation where Nicole lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.\nWhen opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.\nWhen opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.\n\nQuestion:\nAssume all other forces on Kimi are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Kimi?\n\n0. The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kimi.\n1. The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Kimi." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To determine if there is a net force on Kimi, look at the forces:\nEarth's gravity is pulling Kimi down with a force of 600 N.\nThe seat of the cart is pushing Kimi up with a force of 1,200 N.\nThe forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kimi.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re\u00adacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbaking cookies\nrust forming on a metal gate\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. Cookies are made from cookie dough. Baking turns the cookie dough into cookies. The cookies are a different type of matter than the dough.\nRust forming on a metal gate is a chemical change. As the gate rusts, the metal turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But rust forming on a metal gate is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI don't give tests to my students because good students will study the material regardless, and bad students won't study the material even for a test.\n\n0. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n2. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that there are two types of students: good students who will study without the incentive of a test, and bad students who won't study even with the incentive of the test. However, this argument artificially restricts the types of students to just two extremes. For example, there may be some students who would study if they had a test, but who wouldn't study if they didn't have a test. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the water balloon's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth () as the water balloon fell toward Dale.\n\n0. decreased\n1. stayed the same\n2. increased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.\nDale was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Dale, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Dale.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nJoel took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound\n2. complex\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nJoel took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\npad - poison\n\n0. president\n1. peach" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince peach is between the guide words pad - poison, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] }, { "conversations": [ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complete sentence?\n\n0. Amy is from Greenwood now she lives in Wildgrove.\n1. This book explains the difference between cattle and buffalo." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This book explains the difference between cattle and buffalo is a complete sentence. The subject is this book, and the verb is explains.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ] } ]