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+ITBfWP-yumM-00000-00000068-00000760 [Music]
+ITBfWP-yumM-00001-00000761-00000997 we're here to talk about Quidditch
+ITBfWP-yumM-00002-00000998-00001208 specifically the sport of Quidditch
+ITBfWP-yumM-00003-00001209-00001568 can you describe exactly what the sport
+ITBfWP-yumM-00004-00001569-00001754 of Quidditch is Quidditch takes
+ITBfWP-yumM-00005-00001755-00001954 aspects from a bunch of different sports
+ITBfWP-yumM-00006-00001955-00002081 dodgeball
+ITBfWP-yumM-00007-00002082-00002321 rugby basketball handball flag football
+ITBfWP-yumM-00008-00002322-00002549 kind of mixes all those things and
+ITBfWP-yumM-00009-00002550-00002795 creates this really fun active sport
+ITBfWP-yumM-00010-00002796-00003067 you'll take aspects of handball you're
+ITBfWP-yumM-00011-00003068-00003184 trying to throw the ball through the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00012-00003185-00003247 hoop
+ITBfWP-yumM-00013-00003248-00003545 get a goal rugby comes in when you play
+ITBfWP-yumM-00014-00003546-00003785 it the full contact level flag football
+ITBfWP-yumM-00015-00003786-00004025 comes in with the snitch game in the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00016-00004026-00004283 books the Golden Snitch is a little
+ITBfWP-yumM-00017-00004284-00004445 flying ball with wings
+ITBfWP-yumM-00018-00004446-00004672 we don't have enchanted balls or
+ITBfWP-yumM-00019-00004673-00004901 anything like that so we actually use a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00020-00004902-00005143 person they're normally dressed in some
+ITBfWP-yumM-00021-00005144-00005356 type of gold or yellow apparel and they
+ITBfWP-yumM-00022-00005357-00005567 will have on a pair of snake shorts
+ITBfWP-yumM-00023-00005568-00005774 velcro to the back of their pants is a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00024-00005775-00005972 tennis ball in a sock the Seekers have
+ITBfWP-yumM-00025-00005973-00006145 to try and grapple and get around the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00026-00006146-00006460 snitch and grab that from them now what
+ITBfWP-yumM-00027-00006461-00006602 are these objects that we're holding
+ITBfWP-yumM-00028-00006603-00006814 right now so these are our broomsticks
+ITBfWP-yumM-00029-00006815-00007067 they don't look very broom like again a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00030-00007068-00007270 little bit of a variation from the books
+ITBfWP-yumM-00031-00007272-00007553 in the movies there but a lot of the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00032-00007554-00007733 modifications we've done for this sport
+ITBfWP-yumM-00033-00007734-00007913 is to make it more safe for our players
+ITBfWP-yumM-00034-00007914-00008273 and just to fit real-life more easily
+ITBfWP-yumM-00035-00008274-00008492 that's good so that muggles can play the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00036-00008493-00008696 sport and not just wizards I understand
+ITBfWP-yumM-00037-00008697-00008816 that there's different headbands that
+ITBfWP-yumM-00038-00008817-00009077 each position plays and the colors
+ITBfWP-yumM-00039-00009078-00009233 represent different roles so white
+ITBfWP-yumM-00040-00009234-00009476 headbands are chasers okay cool
+ITBfWP-yumM-00041-00009477-00009778 and then feeders are black yeah beaters
+ITBfWP-yumM-00042-00009779-00009977 are black okay and then green is keeper
+ITBfWP-yumM-00043-00009978-00010346 and then seeker is yellow so you'll see
+ITBfWP-yumM-00044-00010347-00010535 people with four different color
+ITBfWP-yumM-00045-00010536-00010598 headbands
+ITBfWP-yumM-00046-00010599-00010835 on the pitch our green headbands
+ITBfWP-yumM-00047-00010836-00011009 represent our keepers they're the ones
+ITBfWP-yumM-00048-00011010-00011203 that are trying to stop shots from going
+ITBfWP-yumM-00049-00011204-00011305 into the hoop
+ITBfWP-yumM-00050-00011306-00011467 score a lot of goals as well so it's a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00051-00011468-00011692 very versatile position lots of running
+ITBfWP-yumM-00052-00011693-00011830 back and forth folks in the white
+ITBfWP-yumM-00053-00011831-00012024 headbands are the chasers they're the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00054-00012025-00012256 ones that are going to be going to score
+ITBfWP-yumM-00055-00012257-00012435 the Quaffle through the opponent's hoops
+ITBfWP-yumM-00056-00012436-00012709 black headbands are worn by our beaters
+ITBfWP-yumM-00057-00012710-00012894 those are the ones that play with dodge
+ITBfWP-yumM-00058-00012895-00013066 balls again a little bit of a variation
+ITBfWP-yumM-00059-00013066-00013333 there's no weepy which balls there's no
+ITBfWP-yumM-00060-00013334-00013566 bats we just use dodge balls so the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00061-00013568-00013869 beaters are using those to try and hit
+ITBfWP-yumM-00062-00013870-00014104 people and knock them off their broom
+ITBfWP-yumM-00063-00014105-00014413 causing them to dismount run back touch
+ITBfWP-yumM-00064-00014413-00014603 the hoops before they can reenter play
+ITBfWP-yumM-00065-00014604-00014911 the last color headband is the yellow
+ITBfWP-yumM-00066-00014912-00015118 headband which is worn by our seeker and
+ITBfWP-yumM-00067-00015119-00015247 those are the ones that are trying to
+ITBfWP-yumM-00068-00015247-00015508 catch that snitch runner so grab the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00069-00015509-00015727 tail from the back of their shorts can
+ITBfWP-yumM-00070-00015728-00015907 you expand a bit more on the different
+ITBfWP-yumM-00071-00015908-00016155 kinds of balls that are in the sport of
+ITBfWP-yumM-00072-00016156-00016447 footage so on the pitch you will see
+ITBfWP-yumM-00073-00016448-00016735 three dodge balls again those are used
+ITBfWP-yumM-00074-00016736-00016983 by our beers we call them bludgers and
+ITBfWP-yumM-00075-00016984-00017224 then we have a clawful which is a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00076-00017225-00017461 slightly deflated volleyball the pledges
+ITBfWP-yumM-00077-00017462-00017694 are also slightly deflated just to ease
+ITBfWP-yumM-00078-00017695-00017956 in handling them usually with one hand
+ITBfWP-yumM-00079-00017957-00018159 since your hand is on the groom and then
+ITBfWP-yumM-00080-00018160-00018442 the last ball is is the snitch so these
+ITBfWP-yumM-00081-00018443-00018744 are a model of our snitch shorts here so
+ITBfWP-yumM-00082-00018745-00019000 they look pretty similar and then on the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00083-00019001-00019228 back this is what the Seekers are trying
+ITBfWP-yumM-00084-00019229-00019399 to grab who's just bell throw to the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00085-00019400-00019605 back of the shorts and the Seekers just
+ITBfWP-yumM-00086-00019606-00019755 have to have to try and grab that yeah
+ITBfWP-yumM-00087-00019756-00019921 it's cool to see the very different
+ITBfWP-yumM-00088-00019922-00020305 variations in Quidditch and how we have
+ITBfWP-yumM-00089-00020306-00020547 adapted it into a sport and which is a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00090-00020548-00020752 good segue to talk about the various
+ITBfWP-yumM-00091-00020753-00020922 misconceptions that Quidditch
+ITBfWP-yumM-00092-00020923-00021244 experiences so a lot of people when they
+ITBfWP-yumM-00093-00021245-00021494 hear Quidditch they think of this like
+ITBfWP-yumM-00094-00021495-00021779 fantasy sport that exists in books
+ITBfWP-yumM-00095-00021780-00021995 movies and they don't understand that
+ITBfWP-yumM-00096-00021996-00022130 it's actually game that is played
+ITBfWP-yumM-00097-00022131-00022427 actually very competitively in real life
+ITBfWP-yumM-00098-00022428-00022673 so getting over those misconceptions is
+ITBfWP-yumM-00099-00022674-00022820 probably one of the biggest hurdles for
+ITBfWP-yumM-00100-00022821-00023030 Quidditch but as soon as people come
+ITBfWP-yumM-00101-00023031-00023174 into the sport give it a try they
+ITBfWP-yumM-00102-00023175-00023417 usually enjoy it quite thoroughly just
+ITBfWP-yumM-00103-00023418-00023597 getting people onto that broomstick is
+ITBfWP-yumM-00104-00023598-00023876 the the initial the initial hurdle let's
+ITBfWP-yumM-00105-00023877-00024014 talk about the different programs at the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00106-00024015-00024137 different that the Calgary Quidditch
+ITBfWP-yumM-00107-00024138-00024356 Club offers starting with your youth
+ITBfWP-yumM-00108-00024357-00024572 program yeah our youth program has been
+ITBfWP-yumM-00109-00024573-00024764 running for three seasons now so
+ITBfWP-yumM-00110-00024765-00025028 actually started up last fall we accept
+ITBfWP-yumM-00111-00025029-00025214 kids any age between nine and fourteen
+ITBfWP-yumM-00112-00025215-00025454 and we have the program run every
+ITBfWP-yumM-00113-00025455-00025757 Tuesday evening we have had them go out
+ITBfWP-yumM-00114-00025758-00025913 to a couple tournaments we've hosted a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00115-00025914-00026093 couple here how to couple up in Red Deer
+ITBfWP-yumM-00116-00026094-00026300 and we've actually seen another youth
+ITBfWP-yumM-00117-00026301-00026456 program in Hannah so now there's a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00118-00026457-00026612 couple teams for the youth kids to play
+ITBfWP-yumM-00119-00026613-00026867 been a really successful program so far
+ITBfWP-yumM-00120-00026868-00026987 and we're looking forward to expanding
+ITBfWP-yumM-00121-00026988-00027283 that and it's offered in the summer and
+ITBfWP-yumM-00122-00027285-00027497 the fall wrecked yeah September October
+ITBfWP-yumM-00123-00027498-00027727 and then May and June as well it's a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00124-00027729-00027998 really good way to get a group of kids
+ITBfWP-yumM-00125-00027999-00028187 that aren't usually involved in sports
+ITBfWP-yumM-00126-00028188-00028414 out and running and they don't realize
+ITBfWP-yumM-00127-00028416-00028664 how tired they are and yeah it's a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00128-00028664-00028832 really great sport to get more kids
+ITBfWP-yumM-00129-00028833-00028979 physically active
+ITBfWP-yumM-00130-00028980-00029210 here's another misconception that we
+ITBfWP-yumM-00131-00029211-00029399 talked about a bit at the fantasy fair
+ITBfWP-yumM-00132-00029400-00029620 was the nerd culture aspect of it right
+ITBfWP-yumM-00133-00029622-00029839 not everyone that plays Quidditch is a
+ITBfWP-yumM-00134-00029841-00030029 Harry Potter fan or has actually read
+ITBfWP-yumM-00135-00030030-00030254 the books people that have never played
+ITBfWP-yumM-00136-00030255-00030419 sports as adults will come into the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00137-00030420-00030626 sport and thoroughly enjoy it you'll
+ITBfWP-yumM-00138-00030627-00030824 have people that have played sport it's
+ITBfWP-yumM-00139-00030825-00031031 their whole lives and come into it and
+ITBfWP-yumM-00140-00031032-00031277 enjoy because it is competitive one of
+ITBfWP-yumM-00141-00031277-00031463 our coaches for example had never read
+ITBfWP-yumM-00142-00031464-00031664 the books before people that don't
+ITBfWP-yumM-00143-00031664-00031889 really associate with the literature or
+ITBfWP-yumM-00144-00031889-00032105 the or the movies and what not and then
+ITBfWP-yumM-00145-00032106-00032270 just come into it as a really awesome
+ITBfWP-yumM-00146-00032270-00032333 sport
+ITBfWP-yumM-00147-00032333-00032447 we've talked a bit about the youth
+ITBfWP-yumM-00148-00032448-00032699 program let's talk about the programs
+ITBfWP-yumM-00149-00032700-00032978 that are offered for adults sure yeah
+ITBfWP-yumM-00150-00032979-00033111 our adult teams are
+ITBfWP-yumM-00151-00033112-00033321 we practice usually year-round the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00152-00033322-00033483 summer is kind of an offseason but we do
+ITBfWP-yumM-00153-00033484-00033651 run programs throughout that we have
+ITBfWP-yumM-00154-00033652-00033942 three what we call development teams so
+ITBfWP-yumM-00155-00033943-00034176 we play at a lower contact level with
+ITBfWP-yumM-00156-00034177-00034353 our development teams it's not like the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00157-00034354-00034640 full hits taking to ground so our low
+ITBfWP-yumM-00158-00034641-00034862 contact teams are the University of
+ITBfWP-yumM-00159-00034863-00035070 Calgary phoenixes they play out at the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00160-00035071-00035376 UFC but they do accept any community
+ITBfWP-yumM-00161-00035377-00035550 members as well the Mount Royal
+ITBfWP-yumM-00162-00035551-00035706 University manticores
+ITBfWP-yumM-00163-00035707-00035895 again based out of University but
+ITBfWP-yumM-00164-00035896-00036099 accepts anyone to join their team and
+ITBfWP-yumM-00165-00036100-00036362 the last is the Calgary kelpies and they
+ITBfWP-yumM-00166-00036363-00036573 are primarily a community team and they
+ITBfWP-yumM-00167-00036574-00036743 practice again like I said year-round
+ITBfWP-yumM-00168-00036744-00036987 and they'll play in tournaments whatnot
+ITBfWP-yumM-00169-00036988-00037340 we just started our indoor bi-weekly
+ITBfWP-yumM-00170-00037341-00037548 Quidditch league at the West Hillhurst
+ITBfWP-yumM-00171-00037549-00037761 community associations feature those
+ITBfWP-yumM-00172-00037762-00038015 three teams every second Sunday then we
+ITBfWP-yumM-00173-00038016-00038193 allow droppings for that program as well
+ITBfWP-yumM-00174-00038194-00038355 that's awesome that's cool
+ITBfWP-yumM-00175-00038356-00038595 now let's talk about the next step up
+ITBfWP-yumM-00176-00038596-00038784 which is the competitively yeah the more
+ITBfWP-yumM-00177-00038785-00038964 competitive players the ones that want
+ITBfWP-yumM-00178-00038965-00039198 to get to that extra level they'll kind
+ITBfWP-yumM-00179-00039199-00039446 of join forces and they play on the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00180-00039447-00039618 Calgary Mavericks so that's our
+ITBfWP-yumM-00181-00039619-00039924 competitive full-contact team they're
+ITBfWP-yumM-00182-00039925-00040121 the ones that go to regionals Nationals
+ITBfWP-yumM-00183-00040122-00040392 last year they did finish with a silver
+ITBfWP-yumM-00184-00040393-00040581 medal which is really awesome and again
+ITBfWP-yumM-00185-00040582-00040758 that team is open to anyone that's
+ITBfWP-yumM-00186-00040759-00040986 interested in joining as well what got
+ITBfWP-yumM-00187-00040987-00041151 you into Quidditch when I was in
+ITBfWP-yumM-00188-00041152-00041319 university I was looking for an
+ITBfWP-yumM-00189-00041320-00041543 extracurricular so
+ITBfWP-yumM-00190-00041544-00041888 my spare time and being a bit of a Harry
+ITBfWP-yumM-00191-00041889-00042089 Potter lover myself I had heard that
+ITBfWP-yumM-00192-00042090-00042284 footage was something that existed in
+ITBfWP-yumM-00193-00042285-00042476 the real world down in the states and I
+ITBfWP-yumM-00194-00042477-00042689 wanted to try and bring it to Calgary I
+ITBfWP-yumM-00195-00042690-00042878 found out there was a couple of Canadian
+ITBfWP-yumM-00196-00042879-00043106 teams as well found another couple
+ITBfWP-yumM-00197-00043107-00043280 people interested in helping me get it
+ITBfWP-yumM-00198-00043281-00043538 started at the U of C and then it just
+ITBfWP-yumM-00199-00043539-00043685 kind of grew from there we wanted to
+ITBfWP-yumM-00200-00043686-00043949 find somewhere that I could you know
+ITBfWP-yumM-00201-00043950-00044198 feel like I belonged and Quidditch
+ITBfWP-yumM-00202-00044199-00044411 actually provided a great having you for
+ITBfWP-yumM-00203-00044412-00044573 that for anyone that wants to get
+ITBfWP-yumM-00204-00044574-00044738 involved in these respective programs
+ITBfWP-yumM-00205-00044739-00044942 how do they become a part of the Calgary
+ITBfWP-yumM-00206-00044943-00045131 Quidditch Club the best way to find out
+ITBfWP-yumM-00207-00045132-00045350 more info about our programs is through
+ITBfWP-yumM-00208-00045351-00045566 a website how every Quidditch dossier so
+ITBfWP-yumM-00209-00045567-00045797 all of our teams are listed on there our
+ITBfWP-yumM-00210-00045798-00046004 programs it's a great way to find out
+ITBfWP-yumM-00211-00046005-00046196 kind of maybe which program suits you
+ITBfWP-yumM-00212-00046197-00046454 best after that it would be reaching out
+ITBfWP-yumM-00213-00046455-00046745 to either us as an organization or the
+ITBfWP-yumM-00214-00046746-00046943 teams specifically all of our email
+ITBfWP-yumM-00215-00046944-00047171 addresses and whatnot are online as well
+ITBfWP-yumM-00216-00047172-00047366 you can find us through Facebook Twitter
+ITBfWP-yumM-00217-00047367-00047735 Instagram Quidditch is a sport that
+ITBfWP-yumM-00218-00047736-00047957 draws aspects from so many other games
+ITBfWP-yumM-00219-00047958-00048010 that
+ITBfWP-yumM-00220-00048011-00048192 no in love and puts them all together
+ITBfWP-yumM-00221-00048193-00048472 creates this really fun competitive
+ITBfWP-yumM-00222-00048473-00048763 environment and I think anyone that
+ITBfWP-yumM-00223-00048764-00048940 tries it will fall in love with it
+ITBfWP-yumM-00224-00048941-00049195 pretty quickly so I hope that more
+ITBfWP-yumM-00225-00049196-00049366 people will come out and give this board
+ITBfWP-yumM-00226-00049367-00049574 a try and
+ITBfWP-yumM-00227-00049575-00049836 ya see on the pitch and if you would
+ITBfWP-yumM-00228-00049837-00050033 like to learn more about this sport or
+ITBfWP-yumM-00229-00050034-00050273 any other activity just check out sport
+ITBfWP-yumM-00230-00050274-00050511 calgary's website at sport calgary dot
+ITBfWP-yumM-00231-00050512-00050741 CA
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00000-00001292-00001573 okay so what we're going to do we're
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00001-00001574-00001873 going to take the bomb drag and drop it
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00002-00001873-00003079 onto I to pro se okay I'll load it up
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00003-00003080-00003622 here we are okay so what do we do what's
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00004-00003622-00004372 the first part of the algorithm yes deal
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00005-00004373-00004839 all right look at the imports unhandled
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00006-00004840-00004992 exception filter getcurrentprocess
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00007-00004993-00005450 terminate process get take count sleep
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00008-00005451-00006104 kind of sleep exit f open print out
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00009-00006105-00006702 asking to integer and against our line
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00010-00006703-00007398 what else what else do we do what else
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00011-00007400-00007987 is in that all right let's take a look
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00012-00007988-00008364 at the strings go ahead and take a look
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00013-00008365-00009002 at the strings there's a bunch of CMU
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00014-00009003-00009226 server names in here because the vault
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00015-00009227-00009523 lab originally came from Carnegie Mellon
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00016-00009524-00009931 course they teach it they have a linux
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00017-00009932-00010441 version that they use to teach a man
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00018-00010442-00010998 [__] Zeno got the code and converted it
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00019-00010999-00011206 to compile with visual studio so we'll
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00020-00011207-00012081 that's what we're using here but other
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00021-00012082-00012358 than that anything jump out at you and
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00022-00012359-00013255 the strings anything interesting so
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00023-00013256-00013613 there might be a secret stage in here I
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00024-00013615-00014286 was um
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00025-00014287-00015178 yeah there's experience in itself up to
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00026-00015179-00015508 my face little Bobby Essex pages of good
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00027-00015509-00015736 things so there are multiple phases to
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00028-00015737-00016330 this mom right yeah there's my mind
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00029-00016331-00016786 denise dresser yeah so what else is part
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00030-00016787-00017761 of the algorithm dynamic analysis yes so
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00031-00017762-00017908 you're going to be doing this is not
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00032-00017909-00018228 malware you're going to be running this
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00033-00018229-00018636 we're going to have to do though is
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00034-00018637-00019744 rename it actually I'm curious I me not
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00035-00019745-00020619 actually i'm 4 11 CC desktop dams yeah
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00036-00020620-00020937 you don't actually have to rename a mess
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00037-00020938-00021247 so what I did I mean make sure that
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00038-00021248-00021469 everybody always out of this on the same
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00039-00021470-00021793 page here i did is i want to start run
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00040-00021794-00022366 CMD + to bring up the command prompt and
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00041-00022367-00022849 then it starts us off starts us off in
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00042-00022850-00023265 the document settings might or directory
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00043-00023266-00023919 which we will c d into the desktop and
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00044-00023920-00024294 then from there CD and two clowns and
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00045-00024295-00024903 then run bomb Dougie X underscore those
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00046-00024904-00025131 who don't know windows does have tab
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00047-00025132-00025994 completion so I just died bomb yeah Oh
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00048-00025995-00028566 increase
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00049-00028567-00029200 okay okay ah I've obviously never used
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00050-00029201-00029514 windows 95 okay come on accessibility
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00051-00029514-00030949 hang the fire okay so bomb dot X i did
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00052-00030950-00031599 is i put in I don't know what I just do
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00053-00031600-00032077 selected enter okay first enter and what
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00054-00032077-00032358 we get is welcome to my English little
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00055-00032360-00032602 bomb it was like fate is with which to
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00056-00032602-00032998 blow yourself up have a nice day so it's
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00057-00032999-00033307 it's each of these phases basically
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00058-00033308-00033478 going to ask you for a password to move
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00059-00033479-00033871 on to the next phase or passphrase which
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00060-00033872-00034087 you have to find out by reverse
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00061-00034088-00034555 engineering so let's try password all
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00062-00034556-00035262 good passwords are pestering enter boom
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00063-00035263-00035992 so what might we want to do what
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00064-00035993-00036214 information do we have that we might
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00065-00036215-00036601 want to use to to identify where to look
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00066-00036602-00037123 to find the pass phrase that it's
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00067-00037124-00039262 required in the string spot yeah all
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00068-00039263-00039412 right mr. Khan strings file in the
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00069-00039413-00039655 strengths window it's in the strength
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00070-00039656-00040089 window yeah what's in the strings wanna
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00071-00040090-00040211 look
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00072-00040212-00040364 sport is in the strings window that's
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00073-00040365-00040943 crazy who would ever do that how do you
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00074-00040944-00041165 know which of the strings is the is
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00075-00041166-00041665 there anyone have you done this before
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00076-00041666-00042182 we did this in class oh we didn't go
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00077-00042183-00042449 through the entire thing out probably
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00078-00042450-00042758 round the first round okay well the
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00079-00042759-00042926 first round i'm kind of walking you
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00080-00042927-00043037 through and the rest of them you're
+IUvRNLUTdXk-00081-00043038-00043544 going to do on your own with some guy
+IVoHxdcpou8-00000-00000805-00001345 [Music]
+IVoHxdcpou8-00001-00001346-00001948 all right
+IVoHxdcpou8-00002-00001950-00002209 [Music]
+IVoHxdcpou8-00003-00002210-00002681 look at this
+IVoHxdcpou8-00004-00002682-00002867 [Music]
+IVoHxdcpou8-00005-00002868-00003204 thank you
+IVoHxdcpou8-00006-00003205-00003779 okay okay
+IVoHxdcpou8-00007-00003779-00003901 up
+IVoHxdcpou8-00008-00003902-00004227 all right
+IVoHxdcpou8-00010-00007284-00008969 [Music]
+IVoHxdcpou8-00011-00008970-00011384 foreign
+IVoHxdcpou8-00012-00011385-00011587 [Applause]
+IVoHxdcpou8-00013-00011588-00012024 okay
+IVoHxdcpou8-00014-00012025-00012187 okay
+IVoHxdcpou8-00015-00012188-00013825 all right
+IVoHxdcpou8-00016-00013826-00014008 thank you
+IVoHxdcpou8-00018-00017756-00019679 [Music]
+IVoHxdcpou8-00019-00019680-00019811 [Music]
+IVoHxdcpou8-00020-00019812-00020112 foreign
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00000-00000249-00000659 hi I'm Sofia and I am a doctor and I am
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00001-00000660-00000867 actually a fungal ecologist because
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00002-00000868-00001131 fungi connect everything and so ecology
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00003-00001132-00001343 is just a natural fit
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00004-00001344-00001614 the funky feelin project is a
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00005-00001616-00001913 collaboration I am the principal author
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00006-00001914-00002167 and there are actually 26 other
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00007-00002168-00002405 mycologist so people who study funghi
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00008-00002406-00002624 and we are putting our best information
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00009-00002625-00002995 together about how to understand fungi
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00010-00002996-00003238 and to integrate that knowledge into
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00011-00003239-00003449 your land management because they work
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00012-00003450-00003638 in the ecosystem they work for us and
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00013-00003639-00003790 we've been really lucky to date most
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00014-00003792-00004036 when you do their jobs but we know that
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00015-00004037-00004274 the ecosystem is getting unhealthy and
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00016-00004275-00004472 the lack of understanding means people
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00017-00004473-00004679 are making bad decisions and actually
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00018-00004680-00005354 making their land less healthy the role
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00019-00005355-00005588 that fungi play in our ecosystems is not
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00020-00005589-00005755 just one role they don't just have one
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00021-00005756-00005929 job but they do some really wonderful
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00022-00005930-00006191 things if you're a tree person or an
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00023-00006192-00006452 awkward person they live with plants
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00024-00006453-00006696 they live with plants in their tissue as
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00025-00006697-00006968 endophytes meaning inside plant they
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00026-00006969-00007286 live in their roots as mycorrhizal
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00027-00007287-00007616 fungus roots mycelium people may have
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00028-00007617-00007853 heard of the wood wide web or that is
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00029-00007854-00008138 the connection the fungal network in the
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00030-00008139-00008447 soil that feeds plants and plants feed
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00031-00008448-00008636 their funky partners it's the most
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00032-00008637-00008816 amazing network and lets plants
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00033-00008817-00009008 communicate with each other and that's
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00034-00009009-00009215 just sort of one roll they are
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00035-00009216-00009515 decomposes they break up nutrients so
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00036-00009516-00009716 when you're composting in your garden
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00037-00009717-00009947 you are actually feeding the fungi which
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00038-00009948-00010163 is breaking it up which is allowing more
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00039-00010164-00010367 nutrients more phosphorous more nitrogen
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00040-00010368-00010580 for the plants to be available otherwise
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00041-00010581-00010841 it's all locked up in fibrous material
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00042-00010842-00011090 so that's the second job and they're
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00043-00011091-00011390 even fungi that unfortunately harm other
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00044-00011391-00011618 organisms but that's okay
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00045-00011619-00011855 plant pathogens tree pathogens they're
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00046-00011856-00012047 actually good because they start the
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00047-00012048-00012368 process for hollows for birds so if you
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00048-00012369-00012566 like birds and you don't want to be
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00049-00012567-00012764 putting bird box up all the time you
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00050-00012765-00013000 basically need to have a pathogenic
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00051-00013001-00013163 fungi that does a bit of damage to a
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00052-00013163-00013472 tree to make a hollow so they're just
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00053-00013472-00013688 some of the jobs that fungi are doing to
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00054-00013688-00013958 keep our ecosystem connected and healthy
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00055-00013959-00014406 and they work together to do that
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00056-00014407-00014533 [Music]
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00057-00014534-00014782 we've had some horrendous fires this
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00058-00014783-00015069 year it has been just amazingly horrible
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00059-00015070-00015244 in so many places and so many people
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00060-00015244-00015438 have really struggled but one of the
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00061-00015440-00015604 really good things to know is that
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00062-00015605-00015949 funghi already have been helping hold
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00063-00015950-00016228 the soil that ash fed one of the jobs of
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00064-00016229-00016447 fungi after a fire vent is their
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00065-00016448-00016714 mycelium that amazing network actually
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00066-00016715-00016999 holds that ash particularly after those
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00067-00017000-00017266 first rains and stops it eroding and
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00068-00017267-00017475 going down into the creeks which means
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00069-00017476-00017677 that that Hynde level of nutrient is
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00070-00017678-00017944 there really is the most amazing seed
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00071-00017945-00018187 bed for the plants that will come with
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00072-00018188-00018412 the rains it's not the end it is
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00073-00018413-00018622 catastrophic but it is not the end and
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00074-00018623-00018913 the fungal partners are there partnering
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00075-00018914-00019108 up with those seeds that are germinating
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00076-00019109-00019375 coming up and giving new life to that
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00077-00019376-00019636 landscape and it is happening now it's
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00078-00019637-00020107 it's hope there are so many different
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00079-00020108-00020280 species of fungi we still don't know
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00080-00020281-00020547 them all but they are all doing
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00081-00020548-00020733 different jobs but we need to use the
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00082-00020734-00020983 right fungus in the right way at the
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00083-00020984-00021187 right time so the guide that we are
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00084-00021188-00021439 trying to put together is a land
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00085-00021440-00021643 management guide this is not a fungi ID
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00086-00021644-00021769 guide we're not going to teach you to
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00087-00021770-00021984 identify fungi what we're going to teach
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00088-00021985-00022278 you is how to understand what fungi are
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00089-00022279-00022672 doing on your land how they help how
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00090-00022673-00022830 they can actually do damage and how you
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00091-00022831-00023008 can actually limit that damage if they
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00092-00023009-00023290 are hurting the system most people don't
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00093-00023291-00023542 understand what fungi do anywhere
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00094-00023543-00023850 whether it's you know in an agricultural
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00095-00023851-00024193 sense or in a national park and we want
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00096-00024194-00024453 all people to understand how their
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00097-00024454-00024715 actions may influence the different kind
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00098-00024716-00024903 of funky and different actions will
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00099-00024904-00025084 affect different groups of fungi
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00100-00025085-00025284 differently it's a whole kingdom with
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00101-00025285-00025506 lots of different jobs so we actually
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00102-00025507-00025768 want you to understand how to manage
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00103-00025769-00025920 each of those different groups
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00104-00025922-00026405 [Music]
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00105-00026406-00026645 what I want everyone to understand is
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00106-00026645-00026812 that funghi are everywhere and they're
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00107-00026813-00027164 doing their jobs but mostly in natural
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00108-00027164-00027518 bushland let nature be messy don't tidy
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00109-00027519-00027887 up leaves and logs are food for fungi
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00110-00027888-00028193 which are food for invertebrates which
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00111-00028194-00028540 are food for birds so we want healthy
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00112-00028541-00028829 systems let nature be messy because it
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00113-00028830-00028927 all works
+IZUwAP6l4Yk-00114-00028927-00029233 [Music]
+IaJC0khZtRu-00000-00000224-00000407 this is a highlight from the speaking or
+IaJC0khZtRu-00001-00000408-00000695 peace podcast i'm annie luck
+IaJC0khZtRu-00002-00000696-00000902 catherine winkler is an artist and
+IaJC0khZtRu-00003-00000903-00001143 educator based in halifax nova scotia
+IaJC0khZtRu-00004-00001144-00001262 canada
+IaJC0khZtRu-00005-00001263-00001454 in this highlight from the building
+IaJC0khZtRu-00006-00001455-00001702 piece through the arts episode catherine
+IaJC0khZtRu-00007-00001703-00001951 talks about how art and nahimsa come
+IaJC0khZtRu-00008-00001952-00002471 together towards peace and non-violence
+IaJC0khZtRu-00009-00002472-00002663 art draws our attention
+IaJC0khZtRu-00010-00002664-00002815 alerts us
+IaJC0khZtRu-00011-00002816-00003055 appreciates difference and accompanies
+IaJC0khZtRu-00012-00003056-00003215 our daily lives
+IaJC0khZtRu-00013-00003215-00003470 that art speaks to us of our suffering
+IaJC0khZtRu-00014-00003471-00003927 and our longing of war and of peace
+IaJC0khZtRu-00015-00003928-00004127 art makes history
+IaJC0khZtRu-00016-00004128-00004431 of oppression visible art continues to
+IaJC0khZtRu-00017-00004432-00004654 tell the story of injustice
+IaJC0khZtRu-00018-00004655-00004886 in a universal language it is always
+IaJC0khZtRu-00019-00004887-00005047 just around the corner
+IaJC0khZtRu-00020-00005048-00005247 our anguish and love is made visible
+IaJC0khZtRu-00021-00005248-00005351 through the creativity and the
+IaJC0khZtRu-00022-00005352-00005511 imagination that can be revealed through
+IaJC0khZtRu-00023-00005512-00005791 many medias drawing painting photography
+IaJC0khZtRu-00024-00005792-00005999 film installation and performance to
+IaJC0khZtRu-00025-00006000-00006263 name just a few there are many instances
+IaJC0khZtRu-00026-00006264-00006503 of images of the possible
+IaJC0khZtRu-00027-00006504-00006742 calling attention to what is lacking
+IaJC0khZtRu-00028-00006743-00006998 that break through the boundaries laid
+IaJC0khZtRu-00029-00007000-00007327 down by the taken for granted
+IaJC0khZtRu-00030-00007328-00007555 so we imagine i have said together
+IaJC0khZtRu-00031-00007556-00008046 [Music]
+IaJC0khZtRu-00032-00008047-00008199 thanks for listening if you're
+IaJC0khZtRu-00033-00008200-00008367 interested in hearing the full episode
+IaJC0khZtRu-00034-00008368-00008559 with catherine and other speakers on
+IaJC0khZtRu-00035-00008560-00008783 peace and arts please look for speaking
+IaJC0khZtRu-00036-00008784-00009023 rp's wherever you pick up your podcast
+IaJC0khZtRu-00037-00009024-00009142 or from our website
+IaJC0khZtRu-00038-00009143-00009327 speakingyourpeace.com
+IaJC0khZtRu-00039-00009328-00009559 we'd love to hear from you you can email
+IaJC0khZtRu-00040-00009560-00009855 us at speakingrp gmail.com or follow us
+IaJC0khZtRu-00041-00009856-00010071 on twitter and instagram at our peace
+IaJC0khZtRu-00042-00010072-00010524 podcast see you next time
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00000-00000026-00000227 [Music]
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00001-00000228-00000424 foreign
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00002-00000425-00000647 next guest welcome back to the Michael D
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00003-00000648-00000797 show I'm so glad you're here our next
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00004-00000798-00001007 guest kind of reminds us of this guest
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00005-00001008-00001283 it's called Rock the stage with my
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00006-00001284-00001523 friend Rich trigger Bontrager welcome to
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00007-00001524-00001636 the Michael D show thank you Michael
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00008-00001637-00001780 it's great to be here you know I'm
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00009-00001782-00001913 really excited and I've been watching
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00010-00001914-00002068 your work for a long time because I
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00011-00002069-00002249 think the saddest thing for us is a book
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00012-00002250-00002489 publisher or any author is they launch a
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00013-00002490-00002734 book and yet nothing really happens they
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00014-00002735-00002902 don't create a ripple they don't create
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00015-00002903-00003197 a wave so trigger tell us exactly how
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00016-00003198-00003395 you're helping authors and what you see
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00017-00003396-00003581 as a trend and how we can improve on
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00018-00003582-00003767 that Trend to get them noticed well a
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00019-00003768-00003869 lot of that goes with everything we've
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00020-00003870-00004085 been talking about so far is you're not
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00021-00004086-00004229 just an author you're a brand Authority
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00022-00004230-00004481 yeah so I help media skills now come and
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00023-00004482-00004619 help you elevate your brand Authority
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00024-00004620-00004793 through book launches that's one of the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00025-00004794-00005027 most powerful tools and we've we've
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00026-00005028-00005243 heard it you need to amplify not just
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00027-00005244-00005483 the book the story but you are the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00028-00005484-00005597 center of it all you are the genius
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00029-00005598-00005831 behind it all so I run Events book
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00030-00005832-00006106 launches help you be seen and heard plus
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00031-00006107-00006365 you get a mini a tool the playback and
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00032-00006366-00006563 use tell Elevate over and over again
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00033-00006564-00006767 well I think I think a lot of authors
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00034-00006768-00006892 haven't really thought through their
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00035-00006893-00007025 talking points you know it comes time
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00036-00007026-00007169 they've written their book or had
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00037-00007170-00007306 somebody book write the book for them
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00038-00007308-00007510 and it's time to launch the book but
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00039-00007511-00007678 they haven't really thought who the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00040-00007679-00007883 book's for and what the talking points
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00041-00007884-00008046 are so you're helping them with that
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00042-00008047-00008303 you're building that audience branding
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00043-00008304-00008501 sound bites or bad things sound bites
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00044-00008502-00008692 are a big thing and then you're hosting
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00045-00008693-00008855 the event and for four months you're
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00046-00008856-00009095 doing the social media ramp up for four
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00047-00009096-00009233 weeks not for a month okay for four
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00048-00009234-00009521 weeks same thing to me in my in my mind
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00049-00009522-00009749 okay so for four weeks that's a long
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00050-00009750-00009989 time yes so we actually help you amplify
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00051-00009990-00010217 it we help get the story out we help you
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00052-00010218-00010396 get The Branding out but then the big
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00053-00010397-00010577 part is also you will have curated
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00054-00010578-00010787 content out of that event so not just
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00055-00010788-00010973 the whole yeah you will not have just
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00056-00010974-00011219 the event itself you have many micro
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00057-00011220-00011464 content to go on Instagram Twitter so we
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00058-00011465-00011753 will help generate more content out of
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00059-00011754-00012023 one event repurpose repurpose what we
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00060-00012024-00012160 said in the beginning this morning was
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00061-00012161-00012520 content creation plus syndication equals
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00062-00012521-00012713 monetization let me say that again for
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00063-00012714-00012893 those of you writing that down in your
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00064-00012894-00013186 blank notebooks content creation
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00065-00013187-00013397 Hey listen I love to cook two of my sons
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00066-00013397-00013601 are chefs why do you think they're so
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00067-00013602-00013847 good they grew up in my house content
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00068-00013847-00014099 creation my two sons said dad there's
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00069-00014100-00014272 only four food groups
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00070-00014273-00014435 it's all about preparation and
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00071-00014436-00014597 presentations you just rearrange it
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00072-00014597-00014729 differently on the plate right okay
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00073-00014730-00014951 what's for dinner tonight oh same thing
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00074-00014952-00015155 as last no it's different content
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00075-00015156-00015401 creation plus syndication and that's
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00076-00015402-00015611 where you come in yes you Syndicate it
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00077-00015612-00015863 everywhere so even as we do you're live
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00078-00015863-00016079 streaming publishing event your book
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00079-00016080-00016421 launch it's live stream live audience so
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00080-00016422-00016643 you get q a uh time with the live
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00081-00016644-00016841 audience then it's on replay but it's
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00082-00016842-00017099 also multi-screened on multi-channels so
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00083-00017100-00017267 you can get your own network right now
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00084-00017268-00017471 you literally go live you'll be on
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00085-00017472-00017711 multiple Channels with a live audience
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00086-00017712-00017867 so it's not just you now you have the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00087-00017868-00018079 interaction and then like you said
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00088-00018080-00018329 repurpose it repurpose it repurpose it
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00089-00018330-00018563 so many authors I know think their book
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00090-00018564-00018713 was launched and that's the end of it
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00091-00018714-00019013 yeah and you don't miss the replay and
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00092-00019014-00019247 the replay brief story did you know that
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00093-00019248-00019469 I Love Lucy was the first syndicated
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00094-00019470-00019750 replay show ever no I did not know that
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00095-00019751-00020008 Desi and Lucy came up with this idea of
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00096-00020009-00020207 back then it was all play it once and
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00097-00020208-00020308 throw it in the trash can you're never
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00098-00020309-00020417 going to see it again
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00099-00020418-00020561 and they literally came up with the idea
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00100-00020562-00020722 of what if they watched it again because
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00101-00020723-00021005 they missed it the first time yeah Mash
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00102-00021006-00021263 syndication King late night TV you get
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00103-00021264-00021479 done the match was running Star Trek 50
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00104-00021480-00021677 years later syndication the original
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00105-00021678-00021875 show is still going and I bet you could
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00106-00021876-00022007 track the bottom line revenue numbers
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00107-00022008-00022283 that's it the revenue goes to the replay
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00108-00022284-00022564 to the replays the replay what if you
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00109-00022565-00022786 had more replay content because you had
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00110-00022787-00022961 a great book launch an amplify yourself
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00111-00022962-00023158 and now you could replay it at
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00112-00023159-00023399 multi-content and repurpose it over and
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00113-00023400-00023633 over again it's out of one shot yes it's
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00114-00023634-00023825 a never-ending it's Evergreen contest
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00115-00023826-00023986 because I think every author here has
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00116-00023987-00024167 evergreen content that's always
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00117-00024168-00024347 answering Google's questions when people
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00118-00024348-00024557 are typing it in that's going to help
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00119-00024558-00024785 them get found and so you I mean you're
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00120-00024786-00024928 capturing the whole event it's a live
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00121-00024929-00025078 event you're capturing the comment
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00122-00025079-00025342 threads and the the screenshots the book
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00123-00025343-00025517 reviews everything and anyone that
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00124-00025518-00025667 registers for your event you will get
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00125-00025668-00025811 the attendance of all those people that
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00126-00025812-00025996 join us virtually it's a virtual event
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00127-00025997-00026200 so now you have contact you have leads
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00128-00026201-00026387 you have prizes of the giveaway you have
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00129-00026388-00026668 a bigger funnel to keep going forward
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00130-00026669-00027005 and as you use your media more podcasts
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00131-00027006-00027173 will call you yep more TV shows we'll
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00132-00027174-00027329 call you know this Michael because you
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00133-00027330-00027467 got good content now they're going to
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00134-00027468-00027658 look at it and go oh I want you on my
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00135-00027660-00027887 show yeah yeah I want you on my podcast
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00136-00027888-00028127 and the engine takes off at a whole new
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00137-00028127-00028343 level how did you get the name m trigger
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00138-00028344-00028595 trigger cam actually uh 30 years of
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00139-00028595-00028829 radio TV broadcast hanging out with the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00140-00028830-00029105 now famous Kevin Harlan I knew him from
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00141-00029106-00029249 his days with the Minnesota Timberwolves
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00142-00029250-00029393 we were hanging down in the Target
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00143-00029394-00029549 Center and we were kicking around the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00144-00029550-00029705 idea of how the brand this crazy guy
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00145-00029706-00029968 that pops off and loves sports like a
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00146-00029969-00030239 crazy man and Bontrager doesn't stick
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00147-00030239-00030431 well with people and he said you're
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00148-00030432-00030593 always popping off the phones are always
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00149-00030594-00030802 ringing people love how you twist things
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00150-00030804-00031001 around in your warped little mind and
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00151-00031002-00031193 Trigger was born trigger there are six
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00152-00031194-00031570 pages of Google my brand is known so
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00153-00031572-00031799 well more people know me my trigger than
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00154-00031800-00031907 my rich
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00155-00031908-00032164 part of your brand story is finding your
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00156-00032166-00032368 Brand Story finding your brand identity
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00157-00032369-00032639 that makes you unique identity and it
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00158-00032639-00032933 will stick yes go to how many of me.com
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00159-00032934-00033196 and when I went to how many of me.com I
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00160-00033197-00033346 realized that there weren't just one
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00161-00033347-00033593 Michael Butler there were 613 Michael
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00162-00033594-00033815 Butlers why do I always get introduced
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00163-00033816-00034007 with Michael D well I'd always have
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00164-00034008-00034211 Michael D on all my books because I am
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00165-00034212-00034499 Michael D Butler there's about 10 or 12
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00166-00034500-00034702 Michael D Butlers I created one of them
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00167-00034703-00035074 Michael D Jr but they're 613 if you want
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00168-00035075-00035290 to stand out you got a brand identify
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00169-00035291-00035524 what makes you different and what
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00170-00035525-00035645 problem are you going to solve in the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00171-00035646-00035952 marketplace so yeah find that nickname
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00172-00035953-00036274 yeah trigger works for me yes there's
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00173-00036275-00036467 only one on me there's only one there's
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00174-00036468-00036701 only one rich trigger Google it you will
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00175-00036702-00036881 find me the other thing through your
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00176-00036882-00037085 book launches and this is my passion we
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00177-00037086-00037205 were talking earlier about what's your
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00178-00037206-00037379 dream what's your passion yeah what's
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00179-00037380-00037631 your gift we heard earlier from Tom the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00180-00037632-00037937 idea is I help you shine on camera I
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00181-00037938-00038081 want you to outshine me during my
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00182-00038082-00038224 interviews during my show I will give
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00183-00038225-00038446 you softball questions I will set you up
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00184-00038447-00038662 for Success so when you give the answers
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00185-00038663-00038867 you will pop off the screen brighter
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00186-00038868-00039202 sharper clear and again that lead magnet
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00187-00039203-00039352 will go up and up because you hit every
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00188-00039353-00039574 home run all night long any hair and
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00189-00039575-00039701 makeup help
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00190-00039702-00039989 no not with this face no but you you do
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00191-00039990-00040133 give some media coaching tell us about
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00192-00040134-00040409 it coaching that's that's what I love to
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00193-00040410-00040685 do this is all the book launch is a
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00194-00040686-00040937 byproduct of the media coaching I do I
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00195-00040938-00041123 help you shine on camera but I help you
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00196-00041124-00041333 learn your voice what's your story
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00197-00041334-00041543 what's your Marquee Brand Story
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00198-00041544-00041717 everyone's got that Marquee Brand Story
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00199-00041718-00041945 yep I have shovel that I use in fact I
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00200-00041946-00042112 overcame a lifelong stutter to be a
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00201-00042113-00042329 professional broadcast oh I did too yeah
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00202-00042330-00042521 yeah well you and I talked about we have
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00203-00042522-00042689 some other Ministry we both are pastors
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00204-00042690-00043049 we're both bald yes yes and when you
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00205-00043050-00043259 start using those stories what else
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00206-00043260-00043396 you'll find out you're connected to
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00207-00043397-00043589 people you start doing things yeah but
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00208-00043590-00043840 that brand story of me telling my
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00209-00043841-00044123 stutter now I coach professionals to
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00210-00044124-00044339 speak better on stage when they
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00211-00044340-00044596 introduce me on stage people laugh I saw
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00212-00044597-00044758 you on the c-suite and of course I saw
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00213-00044759-00044939 you through leadership Global yeah Linda
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00214-00044940-00045239 well NSA and I know yeah I started
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00215-00045240-00045430 seeing you everywhere and people now are
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00216-00045431-00045611 drawn to the guy that stutters that
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00217-00045612-00045827 helps you speak better it's part of the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00218-00045828-00046067 shtick it's part of the label that now
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00219-00046068-00046223 you can show people you can defy the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00220-00046224-00046415 odds you can elevate your brain you can
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00221-00046416-00046637 overcome the adversity but you got to
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00222-00046638-00046817 figure out what your story is how you're
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00223-00046818-00046961 going to tell it yeah and how you're
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00224-00046962-00047146 going to show up here right how you show
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00225-00047147-00047308 up when the lights and the camera go on
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00226-00047309-00047657 makes a world a difference because so
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00227-00047658-00047783 many times when you're done right by the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00228-00047784-00047896 time you're done writing the book you're
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00229-00047897-00048005 sick of it you don't want to talk about
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00230-00048006-00048196 it anymore but you help make it fun
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00231-00048197-00048365 there's prizes there's giveaways there's
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00232-00048366-00048521 the whole nine yards I know you've
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00233-00048522-00048646 helped a lot of authors with it I've
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00234-00048647-00048773 been watching you do it and then we're
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00235-00048774-00048929 going to do some stuff together but
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00236-00048930-00049121 you've also given us a special price for
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00237-00049122-00049408 this group so normally it sells for X
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00238-00049409-00049558 dollars and you're giving it to us for
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00239-00049559-00049723 how much
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00240-00049724-00049945 44995 okay
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00241-00049946-00050243 49.95 yeah and it's all bundled in the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00242-00050244-00050518 other you also get coaching with me and
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00243-00050519-00050674 we're adding in a couple of things that
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00244-00050675-00050795 you're going to bring from the Epic side
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00245-00050796-00050999 as well that we're going to get you on
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00246-00051000-00051232 magazines and other things as well so
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00247-00051233-00051413 you will be seen heard and people will
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00248-00051414-00051557 know you so if you want some more
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00249-00051558-00051749 information talk to trigger and and talk
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00250-00051750-00052007 to Kirk is uh Captain Kirk there in the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00251-00052008-00052163 control room he's right there and
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00252-00052164-00052571 everywhere
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00253-00052572-00052642 yeah
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00254-00052644-00052829 four thousand nine hundred ninety five
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00255-00052829-00053123 yeah yeah 49.95 there we go there we go
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00256-00053124-00053369 so uh just just as a closing thought uh
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00257-00053370-00053500 give us an example of a client you've
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00258-00053501-00053638 been able to help and then what Indiana
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00259-00053639-00053807 Singh recently came out with a great
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00260-00053808-00053999 book Dana Singh has been all over CBS
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00261-00054000-00054394 NBC everywhere lately uh and the Equity
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00262-00054395-00054604 inclusion that's her main thing right
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00263-00054605-00054779 now we got a great book launched
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00264-00054779-00055144 together uh and it's gone more in viral
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00265-00055145-00055313 and viral the other thing I'll tell you
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00266-00055314-00055463 about the book launch by the way we're
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00267-00055464-00055582 doing all these photos we're doing all
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00268-00055583-00055829 these things here get a testimony from
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00269-00055829-00056057 anybody on your podcast get a testimony
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00270-00056058-00056242 if you do a video show get a testimony
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00271-00056244-00056519 Deanna sing did a testimony yeah I'm
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00272-00056520-00056765 using that every day to elevate an
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00273-00056766-00056957 amazing guests a great author a great
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00274-00056958-00057173 speaker and it shows what I do better do
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00275-00057174-00057341 that for yourself as well Michael well
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00276-00057341-00057544 thank you very much have I been doing a
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00277-00057545-00057719 good job speaking today everyone's been
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00278-00057720-00057863 doing a great job this is great and the
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00279-00057864-00058087 room is packed full of geniuses here
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00280-00058088-00058330 I want to hear more all right let's give
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00281-00058332-00058463 it up for rich
+Ie88Sbkvhl8-00282-00058464-00058939 trigger thanks buddy
+IfNMkczVWx0-00000-00000061-00000359 biosolids as a term used for several
+IfNMkczVWx0-00001-00000360-00000569 types of treated sewage sludge --is that
+IfNMkczVWx0-00002-00000570-00000817 can be used as soil conditioner treated
+IfNMkczVWx0-00003-00000818-00001037 sewage sludge has long been used in
+IfNMkczVWx0-00004-00001038-00001247 agriculture but there are concerns about
+IfNMkczVWx0-00005-00001248-00001493 offensive odors and disease risks from
+IfNMkczVWx0-00006-00001494-00001820 pathogens and toxic chemicals this may
+IfNMkczVWx0-00007-00001821-00002057 reduce public acceptance of such reuse
+IfNMkczVWx0-00008-00002058-00002614 activities
+IfNMkczVWx0-00009-00002615-00003173 topic terminology
+IfNMkczVWx0-00010-00003174-00003450 biosolids may be defined as organic
+IfNMkczVWx0-00011-00003451-00003686 wastewater solids that can be reused
+IfNMkczVWx0-00012-00003688-00003894 after suitable sewage sludge treatment
+IfNMkczVWx0-00013-00003895-00004086 processes leading to sludge
+IfNMkczVWx0-00014-00004086-00004314 stabilization such as anaerobic
+IfNMkczVWx0-00015-00004315-00004563 digestion and composting alternatively
+IfNMkczVWx0-00016-00004564-00004794 the bio solids definition may be
+IfNMkczVWx0-00017-00004795-00005034 restricted by local regulations to
+IfNMkczVWx0-00018-00005035-00005247 wastewater solids only after those
+IfNMkczVWx0-00019-00005248-00005451 solids have completed a specified
+IfNMkczVWx0-00020-00005452-00005640 treatment sequence and/or have
+IfNMkczVWx0-00021-00005641-00005886 concentrations of pathogens and toxic
+IfNMkczVWx0-00022-00005887-00006132 chemicals below specified levels the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00023-00006133-00006320 United States Environmental Protection
+IfNMkczVWx0-00024-00006321-00006720 Agency EPA defines the two terms sewage
+IfNMkczVWx0-00025-00006720-00006963 sludge and bio solids in the Code of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00026-00006964-00007289 Federal Regulations CFR title 40
+IfNMkczVWx0-00027-00007290-00007638 part 503 as follows sewage sludge refers
+IfNMkczVWx0-00028-00007639-00007823 to the solids separated during the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00029-00007825-00007995 treatment of municipal wastewater
+IfNMkczVWx0-00030-00007995-00008259 including domestic septage while bio
+IfNMkczVWx0-00031-00008260-00008489 solids refers to treated sewage sludge
+IfNMkczVWx0-00032-00008490-00008724 that meets the epa pollutant and
+IfNMkczVWx0-00033-00008725-00008910 pathogen requirements for land
+IfNMkczVWx0-00034-00008911-00009158 application and surface disposal a
+IfNMkczVWx0-00035-00009159-00009402 similar definition has been used
+IfNMkczVWx0-00036-00009403-00009618 internationally for example in Australia
+IfNMkczVWx0-00037-00009619-00009993 use of the term bio solids may
+IfNMkczVWx0-00038-00009994-00010191 officially be subject to government
+IfNMkczVWx0-00039-00010192-00010479 regulations however informal use
+IfNMkczVWx0-00040-00010480-00010725 describes a broad range of semi-solid
+IfNMkczVWx0-00041-00010726-00011004 organic products produced from sewage or
+IfNMkczVWx0-00042-00011005-00011093 sewage sludge
+IfNMkczVWx0-00043-00011094-00011394 this could include any solids slime
+IfNMkczVWx0-00044-00011395-00011613 solids or liquid slurry residue
+IfNMkczVWx0-00045-00011614-00011796 generated during the treatment of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00046-00011797-00012021 domestic sewage including scum and
+IfNMkczVWx0-00047-00012022-00012264 solids removed during primary secondary
+IfNMkczVWx0-00048-00012265-00012572 or advanced treatment processes
+IfNMkczVWx0-00049-00012573-00012816 materials that do not conform to the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00050-00012816-00013197 regulatory definition of bio solids can
+IfNMkczVWx0-00051-00013197-00013394 be given alternative terms like
+IfNMkczVWx0-00052-00013394-00014088 wastewater solids
+IfNMkczVWx0-00053-00014090-00014483 topic characteristic
+IfNMkczVWx0-00054-00014484-00014988 you
+IfNMkczVWx0-00055-00014988-00015533 topic quantities
+IfNMkczVWx0-00056-00015534-00015866 approximately 7.1 million dry tons of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00057-00015868-00016200 biosolids were generated in 2004 at
+IfNMkczVWx0-00058-00016201-00016419 approximately sixteen thousand five
+IfNMkczVWx0-00059-00016420-00016619 hundred municipal wastewater treatment
+IfNMkczVWx0-00060-00016620-00016880 facilities in the United States in the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00061-00016881-00017289 United States as of 2013 about 55% of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00062-00017290-00017585 sewage solids are turned into fertilizer
+IfNMkczVWx0-00063-00017586-00017844 challenges faced when increasing the use
+IfNMkczVWx0-00064-00017845-00018105 of bio solids include the capital needed
+IfNMkczVWx0-00065-00018106-00018330 to build anaerobic digesters and the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00066-00018331-00018516 complexity of complying with health
+IfNMkczVWx0-00067-00018517-00018840 regulations there are also new concerns
+IfNMkczVWx0-00068-00018841-00019125 about micro pollutions in sewage eg
+IfNMkczVWx0-00069-00019126-00019361 environmental persistent pharmaceutical
+IfNMkczVWx0-00070-00019362-00019563 pollutants which make the process of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00071-00019564-00019758 producing high-quality bio solids
+IfNMkczVWx0-00072-00019759-00020144 complex some municipalities states or
+IfNMkczVWx0-00073-00020145-00020325 countries have banned the use of bio
+IfNMkczVWx0-00074-00020326-00020968 solids on farmland
+IfNMkczVWx0-00075-00020969-00021492 topic nutrients
+IfNMkczVWx0-00076-00021493-00021721 encouraging agricultural use of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00077-00021722-00021975 biosolids as intended to prevent filling
+IfNMkczVWx0-00078-00021976-00022175 landfills with nutrient-rich organic
+IfNMkczVWx0-00079-00022176-00022438 materials from the treatment of domestic
+IfNMkczVWx0-00080-00022439-00022630 sewage that might be recycled and
+IfNMkczVWx0-00081-00022631-00022882 applied as fertilizer to improve and
+IfNMkczVWx0-00082-00022883-00023125 maintain productive soils and stimulate
+IfNMkczVWx0-00083-00023126-00023472 plant growth bio solids can be an ideal
+IfNMkczVWx0-00084-00023473-00023710 agricultural conditioner and fertilizer
+IfNMkczVWx0-00085-00023711-00023944 which can help promote crop growth to
+IfNMkczVWx0-00086-00023945-00024231 feed the increasing population bio
+IfNMkczVWx0-00087-00024232-00024469 solids may contain macronutrients
+IfNMkczVWx0-00088-00024470-00024775 nitrogen phosphorus potassium and sulfur
+IfNMkczVWx0-00089-00024776-00025078 with micronutrients copper zinc calcium
+IfNMkczVWx0-00090-00025079-00025408 magnesium iron boron molybdenum and
+IfNMkczVWx0-00091-00025409-00025964 manganese
+IfNMkczVWx0-00092-00025964-00026209 topic industrial and man-made
+IfNMkczVWx0-00093-00026210-00026651 contaminants
+IfNMkczVWx0-00094-00026652-00026839 the United States Environmental
+IfNMkczVWx0-00095-00026839-00027167 Protection Agency EPA and others have
+IfNMkczVWx0-00096-00027168-00027377 shown that biosolids can contain
+IfNMkczVWx0-00097-00027377-00027608 measurable levels of synthetic organic
+IfNMkczVWx0-00098-00027608-00027937 compounds radionuclides and heavy metals
+IfNMkczVWx0-00099-00027938-00028283 EPA has set numeric limits for arsenic
+IfNMkczVWx0-00100-00028283-00028643 cadmium copper lead mercury molybdenum
+IfNMkczVWx0-00101-00028644-00028921 nickel selenium and zinc but has not
+IfNMkczVWx0-00102-00028922-00029198 regulated dioxin levels contaminants
+IfNMkczVWx0-00103-00029199-00029414 from pharmaceuticals and personal care
+IfNMkczVWx0-00104-00029414-00029602 products and some steroids and hormones
+IfNMkczVWx0-00105-00029603-00029940 may also be present in bio solids
+IfNMkczVWx0-00106-00029941-00030164 substantial levels of persistent
+IfNMkczVWx0-00107-00030164-00030449 bioaccumulative and toxic PBT
+IfNMkczVWx0-00108-00030450-00030701 polybrominated diphenyl ethers were
+IfNMkczVWx0-00109-00030702-00031015 detected in bio solids in 2001 the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00110-00031016-00031301 United States Geological Survey analyzed
+IfNMkczVWx0-00111-00031302-00031639 in 2014 nine different consumer products
+IfNMkczVWx0-00112-00031640-00031837 containing bio solids as a main
+IfNMkczVWx0-00113-00031838-00032114 ingredient for 87 organic chemicals
+IfNMkczVWx0-00114-00032114-00032392 found in cleaners personal care products
+IfNMkczVWx0-00115-00032393-00032720 pharmaceuticals and other products these
+IfNMkczVWx0-00116-00032720-00033092 analysis detected 55 of the 87 organic
+IfNMkczVWx0-00117-00033093-00033308 chemicals measured in at least one of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00118-00033309-00033551 the nine bio solids ampuls with as many
+IfNMkczVWx0-00119-00033552-00033862 as 45 chemicals found in a single sample
+IfNMkczVWx0-00120-00033863-00034148 in 2014 the city of Charlotte discovered
+IfNMkczVWx0-00121-00034149-00034412 extreme levels of PCBs in their bio
+IfNMkczVWx0-00122-00034413-00034718 solids after being alerted by SC DHEC
+IfNMkczVWx0-00123-00034719-00035008 that illegal PCB dumping was taking
+IfNMkczVWx0-00124-00035009-00035210 place at regional wastewater treatment
+IfNMkczVWx0-00125-00035211-00035582 plants across the state bio solids land
+IfNMkczVWx0-00126-00035583-00035783 application was halted after an
+IfNMkczVWx0-00127-00035784-00036062 emergency regulation was enacted by SC
+IfNMkczVWx0-00128-00036063-00036329 DHEC that outlawed any PC be
+IfNMkczVWx0-00129-00036330-00036589 contaminated bio solids from being land
+IfNMkczVWx0-00130-00036590-00036893 applied regardless if Class A or Class B
+IfNMkczVWx0-00131-00036894-00037270 very soon thereafter SC DHEC expanded
+IfNMkczVWx0-00132-00037271-00037540 PCB fish consumption advisories for
+IfNMkczVWx0-00133-00037541-00037724 nearly every waterway bordering
+IfNMkczVWx0-00134-00037725-00038477 biosolids land application fields
+IfNMkczVWx0-00135-00038478-00038996 topic pathogens
+IfNMkczVWx0-00136-00038997-00039278 in the United States the EPA mandates
+IfNMkczVWx0-00137-00039279-00039548 certain treatment processes designed to
+IfNMkczVWx0-00138-00039549-00039770 significantly decrease levels of certain
+IfNMkczVWx0-00139-00039771-00040016 so called indicator organisms in bio
+IfNMkczVWx0-00140-00040017-00040094 solids
+IfNMkczVWx0-00141-00040095-00040415 these include
+IfNMkczVWx0-00142-00040416-00040643 operational standards for fecal
+IfNMkczVWx0-00143-00040644-00041124 coliforms Salmonella SP bacteria enteric
+IfNMkczVWx0-00144-00041125-00041502 viruses and viable helminth OVA however
+IfNMkczVWx0-00145-00041503-00041745 the us-based water Environment Research
+IfNMkczVWx0-00146-00041746-00042027 Foundation has shown that some pathogens
+IfNMkczVWx0-00147-00042028-00042300 do survive sewage sludge treatment EPA
+IfNMkczVWx0-00148-00042301-00042585 regulations allow only bio solids with
+IfNMkczVWx0-00149-00042586-00042819 no detectable pathogens to be widely
+IfNMkczVWx0-00150-00042820-00043053 applied those with remaining pathogens
+IfNMkczVWx0-00151-00043054-00043723 are restricted in use
+IfNMkczVWx0-00152-00043724-00044386 topic different types of biosolids
+IfNMkczVWx0-00153-00044387-00044704 anaerobic digestion microorganisms
+IfNMkczVWx0-00154-00044705-00044935 decompose the sludge in the absence of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00155-00044936-00045196 oxygen either at mesophilic at 35
+IfNMkczVWx0-00156-00045197-00045469 degrees Celsius or thermophilic between
+IfNMkczVWx0-00157-00045470-00045757 50 degrees and 57 degrees Celsius
+IfNMkczVWx0-00158-00045758-00046135 temperatures aerobic digestion
+IfNMkczVWx0-00159-00046136-00046396 microorganisms decompose the sludge in
+IfNMkczVWx0-00160-00046397-00046615 the presence of oxygen either at ambient
+IfNMkczVWx0-00161-00046616-00046918 and mesophilic 10 degrees Celsius to 40
+IfNMkczVWx0-00162-00046919-00047188 degrees Celsius or autothermal 40
+IfNMkczVWx0-00163-00047189-00047430 degrees Celsius to 80 degrees Celsius
+IfNMkczVWx0-00164-00047431-00047848 temperatures composting a biological
+IfNMkczVWx0-00165-00047849-00048085 process where organic matter decomposes
+IfNMkczVWx0-00166-00048086-00048346 to produce houmous after the addition of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00167-00048347-00048541 some dry bulking materials such as
+IfNMkczVWx0-00168-00048542-00048796 sawdust wood chips or shredded yard
+IfNMkczVWx0-00169-00048797-00048976 waste under controlled aerobic
+IfNMkczVWx0-00170-00048977-00049336 conditions alkaline treatment the sludge
+IfNMkczVWx0-00171-00049337-00049588 is mixed with alkaline materials such as
+IfNMkczVWx0-00172-00049589-00049861 lime or cement kiln dust or incinerator
+IfNMkczVWx0-00173-00049862-00050170 fly ash and maintained at pH above 12
+IfNMkczVWx0-00174-00050171-00050455 for 24 hours for Class B or at
+IfNMkczVWx0-00175-00050456-00050704 temperature 70 degrees Celsius for 30
+IfNMkczVWx0-00176-00050705-00051092 minutes for Class A heat drying either
+IfNMkczVWx0-00177-00051093-00051349 convention or conduction dryers are used
+IfNMkczVWx0-00178-00051350-00051698 to dry the bio solids dewatering the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00179-00051699-00051919 separation of the water from bio solids
+IfNMkczVWx0-00180-00051920-00052219 as done to obtain a semi solid or solid
+IfNMkczVWx0-00181-00052220-00052387 product by using a dewatering
+IfNMkczVWx0-00182-00052388-00052666 technologies centrifuges belt filter
+IfNMkczVWx0-00183-00052667-00052924 presses plate and frame filter presses
+IfNMkczVWx0-00184-00052925-00053640 and drying beds and lagoons
+IfNMkczVWx0-00185-00053641-00054107 topic classification systems
+IfNMkczVWx0-00186-00054108-00054612 you
+IfNMkczVWx0-00187-00054613-00055185 topic United States
+IfNMkczVWx0-00188-00055186-00055395 in the United States Code of Federal
+IfNMkczVWx0-00189-00055396-00055728 Regulations CFR title 40
+IfNMkczVWx0-00190-00055729-00056013 part 503 governs the management of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00191-00056014-00056349 biosolids within that federal regulation
+IfNMkczVWx0-00192-00056350-00056546 biosolids are generally classified
+IfNMkczVWx0-00193-00056547-00056772 differently depending upon the quantity
+IfNMkczVWx0-00194-00056773-00057012 of pollutants they contain and the level
+IfNMkczVWx0-00195-00057013-00057210 of treatment they have been subjected to
+IfNMkczVWx0-00196-00057211-00057438 the latter of which determines both the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00197-00057439-00057663 level of vector attraction reduction and
+IfNMkczVWx0-00198-00057664-00057941 the level of pathogen reduction these
+IfNMkczVWx0-00199-00057942-00058152 factors also affect how they may be
+IfNMkczVWx0-00200-00058153-00058398 disseminated bulk or bagged and the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00201-00058399-00058632 level of monitoring oversight which in
+IfNMkczVWx0-00202-00058633-00058827 turn determines where and in what
+IfNMkczVWx0-00203-00058828-00059507 quantity they may be applied
+IfNMkczVWx0-00204-00059508-00060096 topic European Union
+IfNMkczVWx0-00205-00060097-00060420 the European Union EU was the first to
+IfNMkczVWx0-00206-00060421-00060666 issue regulations for biosolids land
+IfNMkczVWx0-00207-00060666-00060917 application this aim to put a limit to
+IfNMkczVWx0-00208-00060919-00061197 the pathogen and pollution risk these
+IfNMkczVWx0-00209-00061198-00061401 risks come from the fact that some
+IfNMkczVWx0-00210-00061402-00061587 metabolites remain intact after
+IfNMkczVWx0-00211-00061588-00061923 wastewater treatment processes debates
+IfNMkczVWx0-00212-00061924-00062163 over bio solid use vary in severity
+IfNMkczVWx0-00213-00062164-00062469 acros the EU and gathering acceptance as
+IfNMkczVWx0-00214-00062470-00062717 the major hurdle facing bio solids in
+IfNMkczVWx0-00215-00062719-00063277 Europe
+IfNMkczVWx0-00216-00063278-00063794 topic history
+IfNMkczVWx0-00217-00063795-00064049 as public concern arose about the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00218-00064050-00064279 disposal of increased volumes of solids
+IfNMkczVWx0-00219-00064280-00064535 in the United States being removed from
+IfNMkczVWx0-00220-00064536-00064792 sewage during sewage treatment mandated
+IfNMkczVWx0-00221-00064794-00065054 by the Clean Water Act the water
+IfNMkczVWx0-00222-00065054-00065392 environment Federation WEF sought a new
+IfNMkczVWx0-00223-00065394-00065578 name to distinguish the clean
+IfNMkczVWx0-00224-00065579-00065851 agriculturally viable product generated
+IfNMkczVWx0-00225-00065852-00066056 by modern wastewater treatment from
+IfNMkczVWx0-00226-00066057-00066293 earlier forms of sewage sludge widely
+IfNMkczVWx0-00227-00066294-00066506 remembered for causing offensive or
+IfNMkczVWx0-00228-00066507-00066866 dangerous conditions of 300 suggestions
+IfNMkczVWx0-00229-00066867-00067144 biosolids was attributed to dr. Bruce
+IfNMkczVWx0-00230-00067145-00067393 Logan of the University of Arizona and
+IfNMkczVWx0-00231-00067394-00068235 recognized by WEF in 1991
+IfNMkczVWx0-00232-00068236-00068770 topic examples
+IfNMkczVWx0-00233-00068771-00069013 milorganite as the trademark of a
+IfNMkczVWx0-00234-00069014-00069250 biosolids fertilizer produced by the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00235-00069251-00069516 Milwaukee metropolitan sewerage district
+IfNMkczVWx0-00236-00069517-00069853 the recycled organic nitrogen fertilizer
+IfNMkczVWx0-00237-00069854-00070062 from the Jones Island water reclamation
+IfNMkczVWx0-00238-00070063-00070384 facility in Milwaukee Wisconsin is sold
+IfNMkczVWx0-00239-00070385-00070615 throughout North America reduces the
+IfNMkczVWx0-00240-00070616-00070984 need for manufactured nutrients loop as
+IfNMkczVWx0-00241-00070985-00071188 the trademark of a bio solid soil
+IfNMkczVWx0-00242-00071189-00071388 amendment produced by the King County
+IfNMkczVWx0-00243-00071389-00071713 wastewater treatment division loop has
+IfNMkczVWx0-00244-00071714-00071950 been blended into grow Co a commercially
+IfNMkczVWx0-00245-00071951-00072344 available compost product since 1976
+IfNMkczVWx0-00246-00072345-00072682 several local farms and forests also use
+IfNMkczVWx0-00247-00072683-00073117 loop directly taro is short for Tacoma
+IfNMkczVWx0-00248-00073118-00073381 grow and is produced by the City of
+IfNMkczVWx0-00249-00073382-00073849 Tacoma Washington since 1991 Dillo dirt
+IfNMkczVWx0-00250-00073850-00074071 has been produced by the city of austin
+IfNMkczVWx0-00251-00074072-00074536 texas since 1989 bio solids are applied
+IfNMkczVWx0-00252-00074537-00074761 as fertilizer in the central wheat belt
+IfNMkczVWx0-00253-00074762-00075034 of Australia as a recycling program by
+IfNMkczVWx0-00254-00075035-00075680 the Water Corporation
+IfNMkczVWx0-00255-00075681-00076205 topic see also
+IfNMkczVWx0-00256-00076206-00076577 reuse of excreta
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00000-00000239-00000471 it feels like christmas thank you to all
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00001-00000472-00000647 of my friends that let crusade i can't
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00002-00000648-00000847 wait to open these beautiful gifts and
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00003-00000848-00001310 try one of my favorite
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00004-00001311-00001491 [Music]
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00005-00001492-00001726 recipes today we're going to be making a
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00006-00001727-00001967 chicken breast with saffron sofrito
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00007-00001968-00002118 we're going to begin by marinating our
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00008-00002119-00002399 chicken we have our drumsticks
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00009-00002400-00002510 salt
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00010-00002511-00002710 achiote seeds
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00011-00002711-00003047 cumin seeds and lime juice once the
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00012-00003048-00003199 chicken has been marinated for about an
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00013-00003200-00003438 hour we're gonna turn on the let crusade
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00014-00003439-00003711 and sear our chicken drumsticks
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00015-00003711-00003870 once our chicken is nice and golden
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00016-00003871-00004295 brown we're gonna add our olives sofrito
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00017-00004296-00004551 and saffron put the lid on and it's
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00018-00004552-00004787 going to go bake in the oven
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00019-00004788-00005254 [Music]
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00020-00005255-00005391 there you have it folks beautiful
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00021-00005392-00005591 braised chicken with saffron and sofrito
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00022-00005592-00005743 made possible by our friends at la
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00023-00005744-00005810 crosse
+IfRc3L2XJM8-00024-00005811-00006122 [Music]
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00000-00000000-00000186 well thank you for coming
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00001-00000187-00000437 this talk is going to be the first time
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00002-00000438-00000599 we do it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00003-00000600-00000844 um so hopefully you cut us some slack
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00004-00000846-00000994 but you know feel free to ask questions
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00005-00000996-00001361 I mean you know so don't make it easy
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00006-00001362-00001439 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00007-00001440-00001612 so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00008-00001613-00001967 I'll introduce us quickly so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00009-00001968-00002184 this is my colleague Paul
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00010-00002185-00002513 he's a senior engineer at IBM
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00011-00002514-00002658 and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00012-00002659-00003023 does all kinds of things if you go to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00013-00003024-00003263 the k-native booth you will see him
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00014-00003264-00003413 because he's a committer and has
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00015-00003414-00003659 contributed tons to k-native
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00016-00003660-00003959 but now is working with me on open
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00017-00003960-00004427 quantum at IBM so max some people call
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00018-00004428-00004672 me Dr Max but Max is fine yes I do have
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00019-00004673-00005069 a PhD but it's not in quantum physics so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00020-00005070-00005356 so this is New Territory for me and I'm
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00021-00005357-00005572 a distinguished engineer at IBM and I
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00022-00005573-00005891 also used to do open serverless so I did
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00023-00005892-00006102 contribute to K native as well
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00024-00006103-00006443 pioneering the CLI so you know we can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00025-00006444-00006646 talk about that and the quantum effort
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00026-00006647-00006910 came because as you'll see there's a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00027-00006911-00007063 little bit of overlap but not too much
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00028-00007064-00007373 so that's that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00029-00007373-00007606 okay so the talk is divided into three
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00030-00007608-00007942 parts I'm gonna do the first part and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00031-00007943-00008260 um Paul is actually gonna go over how so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00032-00008261-00008495 I'm gonna try to give you my best
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00033-00008496-00008824 intuition of quantum Computing or
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00034-00008825-00008981 quantum computers
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00035-00008982-00009274 and more importantly why are they
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00036-00009275-00009496 important why why should you care
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00037-00009497-00009677 and Paul is gonna
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00038-00009678-00010037 get into a little bit more details by
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00039-00010038-00010360 going over how you actually program or
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00040-00010361-00010571 come to a computer at least using some
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00041-00010572-00010841 of the tools that we have at IBM and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00042-00010842-00011159 then how kubernetes can actually play
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00043-00011160-00011596 into this uh emerging field
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00044-00011597-00011783 and there's going to be some live demos
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00045-00011784-00012238 as well so hopefully it works
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00046-00012239-00012551 okay so what is quantum Computing I mean
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00047-00012552-00012821 obviously everybody here probably have
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00048-00012822-00013307 some notion of regular computers
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00049-00013308-00013643 and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00050-00013644-00013841 just giving myself some time so I don't
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00051-00013841-00013993 speak too much
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00052-00013994-00014422 and of course you know the you know we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00053-00014423-00014621 all have you know supercomputers in our
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00054-00014622-00014771 pockets right
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00055-00014772-00015005 and quantum computers are actually very
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00056-00015006-00015238 different but fundamentally there's some
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00057-00015240-00015569 some similarities as well right so we're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00058-00015569-00015833 going to try to at least give you the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00059-00015834-00016265 intuition uh behind them
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00060-00016266-00016463 so first is
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00061-00016464-00016739 you know thinking of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00062-00016740-00017057 yeah problems right so if you've taken a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00063-00017058-00017308 complexity Theory class you know that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00064-00017309-00017603 computers are are a great at solving
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00065-00017604-00017743 problems
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00066-00017744-00018011 but believe it or not there's a lot of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00067-00018012-00018239 problem that you cannot solve or at
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00068-00018240-00018485 least it would take you so much time to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00069-00018486-00018683 solve them that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00070-00018684-00018905 the best computers we have right now are
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00071-00018906-00019108 even super computer is much bigger than
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00072-00019109-00019307 the ones you have in your pocket uh
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00073-00019308-00019547 would not be able to solve them
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00074-00019548-00019799 and part of the reason is because the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00075-00019800-00020044 best algorithms that we know tend to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00076-00020045-00020249 require a lot of operations and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00077-00020250-00020447 computers are pretty straightforward
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00078-00020448-00020657 they just compute
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00079-00020658-00020980 operations and you could resolve you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00080-00020981-00021239 could take any operation all of the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00081-00021240-00021364 computers that you have in your pocket
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00082-00021365-00021599 to use them to essentially doing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00083-00021600-00021875 additions you know so at the end of the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00084-00021876-00022050 day that's pretty much what you're doing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00085-00022051-00022391 but if those numbers to actually solve a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00086-00022392-00022475 problem
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00087-00022476-00022786 a very big then you can't use the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00088-00022787-00022871 classical
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00089-00022872-00023153 class of computers to solve them okay
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00090-00023154-00023308 and this is not theoretical it's
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00091-00023309-00023549 actually very practical and we're going
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00092-00023550-00023813 to get into an example that we all use
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00093-00023814-00024077 and you use every day okay
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00094-00024078-00024355 for people that have taken complexity
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00095-00024356-00024671 Theory classes you understand this but
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00096-00024672-00024899 for some people it might be a surprise
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00097-00024900-00025222 but it's very true
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00098-00025223-00025475 and the class that we cannot solve is
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00099-00025476-00025558 actually
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00100-00025559-00025840 significantly big and we're going to get
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00101-00025841-00026044 into some example of this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00102-00026045-00026374 quantum computers will try you know help
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00103-00026375-00026543 you solve not all of them so we're not
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00104-00026544-00026752 going to be doing Tick Tock and going to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00105-00026754-00026974 computers okay so don't be don't worry
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00106-00026975-00027185 about that but there are some problems
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00107-00027186-00027462 where you can actually Solve IT
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00108-00027463-00027749 significantly faster and this is and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00109-00027750-00027893 because some of those problems are
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00110-00027894-00028157 critical this is why you should care
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00111-00028158-00028451 Okay so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00112-00028452-00028655 one of the problems and it's not just
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00113-00028656-00029129 one but it's one example is trying to do
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00114-00029130-00029317 a lot of research around
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00115-00029318-00029537 you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00116-00029538-00030011 solid state or any molecule that are
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00117-00030012-00030317 kind of complex even biological
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00118-00030318-00030557 you know research in that space because
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00119-00030558-00030802 you have to compute the state or the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00120-00030804-00031174 energy state of some of those ions or
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00121-00031175-00031337 the molecules
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00122-00031338-00031643 and if you're trying like if you're you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00123-00031644-00031799 know creating an EV and you want to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00124-00031800-00032020 create better batteries then you're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00125-00032022-00032231 essentially you know Computing quite a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00126-00032232-00032446 bit of these you know imaginary
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00127-00032447-00032705 molecules and you have to understand the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00128-00032706-00032939 state of it and it the physics is
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00129-00032940-00033131 actually well understood but the number
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00130-00033132-00033311 of computation that you need to do tends
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00131-00033312-00033521 to be so large that classical computers
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00132-00033522-00033731 would take forever and quantum computers
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00133-00033732-00033862 can do it like this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00134-00033863-00034067 another example of this that's more
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00135-00034068-00034379 that's closer to us is you know classic
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00136-00034380-00034715 traveling salesman you know that's a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00137-00034716-00034967 very classic problem in complexity
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00138-00034968-00035267 theory that you can actually do and with
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00139-00035268-00035411 quantum computers very fast so it's
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00140-00035412-00035752 Logistics and there are real companies
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00141-00035753-00036185 right now using quantum computers to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00142-00036186-00036251 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00143-00036252-00036557 solve some of those problems
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00144-00036558-00036749 now another problem that I want to get
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00145-00036750-00036839 into
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00146-00036840-00037296 a little bit more after is essentially
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00147-00037297-00037540 cryptography so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00148-00037541-00037931 the basic primer in cryptography is that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00149-00037932-00038171 they're all especially the recent ones
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00150-00038172-00038399 the ones that we all use like say for
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00151-00038400-00038723 instance RSA is based on a symmetric
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00152-00038724-00039059 Keys okay cryptography so basically you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00153-00039060-00039335 have two numbers you multiply them
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00154-00039336-00039643 typically primes and you have now a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00155-00039644-00040007 another number and that other number you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00156-00040008-00040174 can make it public and that's your
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00157-00040175-00040301 public key
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00158-00040302-00040523 and the reason this works that you can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00159-00040524-00040793 use that multiplied number
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00160-00040794-00041039 to encrypt data
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00161-00041040-00041387 is because it's very hard to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00162-00041388-00041849 find the Primes from an existing number
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00163-00041850-00042209 okay so given any number if I ask you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00164-00042210-00042418 give me the two primes when you multiply
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00165-00042419-00042599 them it gives you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00166-00042600-00042874 that initial number is extremely hard
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00167-00042875-00043162 and it's you think no it is freaking
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00168-00043163-00043487 hard I mean it's basically more time
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00169-00043488-00043829 than than we have to live you know in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00170-00043830-00043967 the current computers
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00171-00043968-00044296 so if you get big large enough primes
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00172-00044297-00044573 and you create these public keys I'm
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00173-00044574-00044777 simplifying a lot but you can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00174-00044778-00044980 essentially encrypt everything so the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00175-00044981-00045389 whole world you know you could say all
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00176-00045390-00045521 of um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00177-00045522-00045707 you know Commerce right now on the web
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00178-00045708-00046018 is essentially using these kind of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00179-00046019-00046301 cryptography
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00180-00046302-00046517 the sad part and this is where Contour
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00181-00046518-00046924 computers come in is that with
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00182-00046925-00047087 um and I guess there's another example
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00183-00047088-00047321 of okay this is right exponential right
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00184-00047322-00047567 so it's part of the reason it takes so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00185-00047568-00047935 long to find the primes is because
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00186-00047936-00048196 the best known algorithm right now tends
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00187-00048197-00048418 to be exponential so you essentially
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00188-00048419-00048683 would need a really large number of time
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00189-00048684-00048862 because of the nature of exponential it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00190-00048863-00049102 goes very fast so the larger your number
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00191-00049103-00049505 that you're using for your keys the more
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00192-00049506-00049690 time it would take you for the best
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00193-00049691-00049955 known algorithm right now to solve it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00194-00049956-00050285 okay so how do quantum computers come in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00195-00050286-00050524 and solve these problems
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00196-00050525-00050765 so this is the part where I'm going to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00197-00050766-00050939 ask you to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00198-00050940-00051107 I guess I'm going to try to give you the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00199-00051108-00051430 intuition behind it so if you think of I
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00200-00051432-00051640 mentioned at the beginning that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00201-00051641-00051964 all of your you know the phone that we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00202-00051965-00052144 have all of it is based on these
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00203-00052145-00052373 classical computers where basically you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00204-00052374-00052661 have Gates and you can build let's say
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00205-00052662-00052888 for instance an Adder because pretty
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00206-00052889-00053116 much everything else will build on that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00207-00053117-00053315 and you can put two bits let's say
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00208-00053316-00053542 you're adding two numbers you know one
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00209-00053544-00053854 or zero and one or zero and you can go
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00210-00053855-00053999 to the other and then you get a result
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00211-00054000-00054250 so one one will give you three uh um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00212-00054251-00054515 would give you two one zero zero one
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00213-00054516-00054761 will give you one right and so on
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00214-00054762-00054935 and that's because the bits are either
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00215-00054936-00055307 one or zero in a quantum computer
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00216-00055308-00055504 you don't have that you have this notion
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00217-00055505-00055853 of qubits now what's a qubit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00218-00055854-00056230 it builds on quantum physics where you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00219-00056232-00056447 know matter a lot of matter or at least
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00220-00056448-00056650 the initial representation is in this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00221-00056651-00057059 sort of you know in this state where
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00222-00057060-00057388 all of the possible uh spins you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00223-00057389-00057592 zeros or one can be at the same time so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00224-00057594-00057821 what ends up happening is if you have
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00225-00057822-00057988 let's say four qubits like this is
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00226-00057989-00058223 represented here the qubits can be in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00227-00058224-00058487 any of the different states
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00228-00058488-00058841 so that's interesting but that's not
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00229-00058841-00058991 really not enough
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00230-00058991-00059261 what's important is that in addition to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00231-00059262-00059585 being in those States is you can also
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00232-00059586-00059813 have them be so this is called
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00233-00059814-00060023 superposition of the state you can also
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00234-00060024-00060197 have them be entangled
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00235-00060198-00060394 and that's what's important so the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00236-00060395-00060676 qubits if you can entangle them then it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00237-00060677-00060892 means that when you run them to a gate
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00238-00060894-00061187 so this is a circuit a Quantum circuit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00239-00061188-00061337 you can actually
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00240-00061338-00061591 specify the ones that you want to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00241-00061591-00061835 entangle and get one result because
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00242-00061836-00062038 otherwise what would end up happening is
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00243-00062039-00062237 let's say this was an adder and you had
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00244-00062238-00062566 four uh you know bits then you would get
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00245-00062567-00062794 a result that you would not know but
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00246-00062795-00062957 with the quantum circuits that we can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00247-00062958-00063221 build today assuming those qubits are
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00248-00063222-00063544 perfect so they don't have errors you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00249-00063545-00063832 could actually solve them you could
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00250-00063833-00064054 with the circuit get a result that you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00251-00064055-00064265 want what ends up happening typically
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00252-00064266-00064535 though is that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00253-00064536-00064780 the qubits are not perfect so even
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00254-00064782-00065038 though they can be in zero and one they
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00255-00065039-00065230 tend to get out of coherence so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00256-00065232-00065447 basically instead of being super super
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00257-00065448-00065747 in superposition and entangle
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00258-00065748-00065915 some of them will get out of venting
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00259-00065916-00066113 movement so what you end up having to do
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00260-00066114-00066323 let's say this was an Adder it's a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00261-00066324-00066569 simple circuit okay you would have
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00262-00066570-00066803 additional numbers so you're adding more
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00263-00066804-00067115 to use that to error correct
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00264-00067116-00067319 and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00265-00067320-00067763 in many ways it's not too hard to get
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00266-00067764-00068087 few numbers of qubits but for real
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00267-00068088-00068231 problems like for instance what we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00268-00068232-00068431 talked about you need large numbers so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00269-00068432-00068825 let's kind of look into this so in I
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00270-00068826-00069017 think 1994
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00271-00069018-00069179 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00272-00069180-00069485 Peter Shore uh I think he was doing his
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00273-00069486-00069899 uh puss puss doctorate at Berkeley he
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00274-00069900-00070223 came up with an algorithm that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00275-00070224-00070499 goes by his name shows algorithm that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00276-00070500-00070738 actually can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00277-00070739-00071099 factor numbers and almost pretty much
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00278-00071100-00071387 constant time so this is the blooper and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00279-00071388-00071644 the best known algorithm right now for
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00280-00071645-00071825 factoring
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00281-00071826-00071932 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00282-00071933-00072203 numbers is number field and you can see
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00283-00072204-00072431 it's exponential right so what does that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00284-00072432-00072713 mean that means that for what you would
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00285-00072714-00072887 do like say on your WhatsApp which is
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00286-00072888-00073432 about 256 bit bits you would need 2 to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00287-00073433-00073738 the 25 or more than that right so 2 to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00288-00073739-00074176 25 is for about 220. and if you go to 56
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00289-00074177-00074567 you can see it goes to about 2 10 to 25
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00290-00074568-00074969 10 to maybe about 30. and those numbers
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00291-00074970-00075263 don't mean too much to you maybe but if
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00292-00075264-00075437 you think how many stars in your
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00293-00075438-00075755 Universe it's 10 to the 50.
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00294-00075756-00075947 so the problem with
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00295-00075948-00076282 you know the existing algorithms is that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00296-00076283-00076588 it would take pretty much you know this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00297-00076589-00076876 number of operations to be able to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00298-00076877-00076991 factor
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00299-00076992-00077206 from the public key
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00300-00077207-00077423 with a quantum computer and using Choice
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00301-00077424-00077549 algorithm
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00302-00077550-00077753 you're basically at constant times you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00303-00077754-00077915 can keep increasing it so it doesn't
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00304-00077916-00078167 matter how big the key is you can factor
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00305-00078168-00078485 in almost constant time now you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00306-00078486-00078665 shouldn't be too worried because in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00307-00078666-00078850 order for you to solve this algorithm
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00308-00078851-00079181 you need I think it's in the order of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00309-00079182-00079565 about 8 000 qubits that are perfect
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00310-00079566-00079865 but that's where we are today when
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00311-00079866-00080200 chores created is algorithm I think it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00312-00080201-00080453 was in the order of two million qubits
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00313-00080454-00080675 so that's what people expected that you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00314-00080676-00081059 needed to do so what the point is that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00315-00081060-00081335 the technology is improving much faster
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00316-00081336-00081581 and the qubits are better and better
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00317-00081582-00081749 meaning that they're more perfect
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00318-00081750-00081982 meaning that you don't have to do error
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00319-00081983-00082235 correction so the number of operations
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00320-00082236-00082415 is getting close to what you would
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00321-00082416-00082750 expect intros algorithm so for some
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00322-00082751-00082871 problems
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00323-00082872-00083087 and that's the key thing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00324-00083088-00083329 quantum computers will make
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00325-00083330-00083599 solving those problems extremely
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00326-00083600-00083969 extremely fast just as a last thing I
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00327-00083970-00084287 know we'll go to Paul around November of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00328-00084288-00084509 last year there was a group of Chinese
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00329-00084510-00084712 researchers that claimed that they were
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00330-00084713-00085049 able to decrypt WhatsApp messages over a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00331-00085050-00085193 couple hours
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00332-00085194-00085385 it turned out that there was some
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00333-00085386-00085661 problems in their experiment but there
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00334-00085662-00085805 are lots of people doing this right now
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00335-00085806-00086026 and why is that a problem
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00336-00086027-00086261 not for WhatsApp messages but if you're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00337-00086262-00086525 a bank or if you're a government
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00338-00086526-00086717 and you're trying to keep secrets what
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00339-00086718-00086932 do you do you encrypt
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00340-00086933-00087250 and you use 256 300
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00341-00087251-00087455 you know RSA
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00342-00087456-00087773 it won't matter very soon
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00343-00087774-00087976 so a lot of Bad actors what they're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00344-00087977-00088150 doing is they're keeping this encrypted
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00345-00088151-00088438 data to decrypt later
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00346-00088439-00088649 so that's one of the reason why quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00347-00088650-00088841 computers matter so hopefully you're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00348-00088842-00089009 convinced but if you're not convinced
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00349-00089010-00089309 Paul will try to do a better job of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00350-00089310-00089525 showing you how you can program them and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00351-00089526-00089788 real problems and then how kubernetes
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00352-00089789-00090232 plays into this this space just to be
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00353-00090233-00090400 clear I don't have a quantum computer in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00354-00090401-00090617 my pocket or anything like that so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00355-00090618-00090844 um you know I mean you know that's you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00356-00090845-00090929 know the picture I think that's the one
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00357-00090930-00091073 we had at the Cleveland Clinic right now
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00358-00091074-00091247 I mean you know they're big machines
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00359-00091248-00091559 they have electrons that have been had
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00360-00091560-00091738 spin put on them that are kept it like
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00361-00091739-00091894 basically almost as cold as you can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00362-00091895-00092026 possibly make a thing like down to your
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00363-00092027-00092225 like absolute zero
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00364-00092226-00092459 um and that's what we use to run these
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00365-00092460-00092741 Quantum calculations so how do we do
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00366-00092742-00092843 that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00367-00092844-00093082 um and we don't expect people to be you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00368-00093083-00093305 know have phds and quantum mechanics or
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00369-00093306-00093473 physics to be able to write Quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00370-00093474-00093629 programs
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00371-00093630-00093779 um you know similar to what we've done
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00372-00093780-00093905 with classical computers where we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00373-00093906-00094025 started off we had you know we wrote
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00374-00094026-00094193 Things in assembly and then we developed
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00375-00094194-00094403 higher level languages like C and things
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00376-00094404-00094588 that let us you know abstract away and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00377-00094589-00094799 write for different architectures we've
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00378-00094800-00094937 done similar things with Quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00379-00094938-00095176 Computing so how we do Quantum Computing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00380-00095177-00095417 is we use you know sdks and the most
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00381-00095418-00095573 popular one that we have is something
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00382-00095574-00095723 called quiz kit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00383-00095724-00095938 uh quiz gets you know an open source
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00384-00095939-00096256 Quantum Computing SDK it's been around
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00385-00096257-00096449 since 2017. we've got over 100
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00386-00096450-00096731 contributors 3 000 Stars on
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00387-00096732-00096875 GitHub
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00388-00096876-00097079 um you know really a lot of stuff um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00389-00097080-00097231 going on there the links on there
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00390-00097232-00097523 quizkit.org and we'll have links and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00391-00097524-00097655 things at the end as well that people
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00392-00097656-00097925 can access they want those things
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00393-00097926-00098188 um what quiz kit does is it provides you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00394-00098189-00098555 tools to write and run Quantum Code
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00395-00098556-00098794 um kind of at the most basic it gives
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00396-00098795-00098975 you tools for building these Quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00397-00098976-00099232 programs out of the circuits that we had
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00398-00099233-00099443 showed earlier there's also a collection
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00399-00099444-00099611 of quantum algorithms so you don't have
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00400-00099612-00099826 to re-implement every Quantum algorithm
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00401-00099827-00100006 a lot of them are there for you that you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00402-00100007-00100126 could just call it as functions and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00403-00100127-00100235 methods
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00404-00100236-00100415 there's a number of applications for
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00405-00100416-00100606 different industry use cases so you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00406-00100607-00100756 there's a lot of quantum machine
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00407-00100757-00100961 learning we have algorithms for that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00408-00100962-00101255 that people can use in chemistry and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00409-00101256-00101387 things like that as Max was saying you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00410-00101388-00101494 know some of these chemical reactions
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00411-00101495-00101626 there are applications out there that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00412-00101627-00101771 you can use that you can pull in we're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00413-00101772-00101981 going to demo one of those a little
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00414-00101982-00102076 later
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00415-00102077-00102329 Finance is big in Quantum optimizations
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00416-00102330-00102527 you know the traveling sales person that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00417-00102528-00102647 Max mentioned there's algorithms out
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00418-00102648-00102832 there for that that you can use
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00419-00102833-00103132 in the quiz kit toolkit and lastly
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00420-00103133-00103325 running Quantum programs so there's both
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00421-00103326-00103499 simulators so if you don't have access
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00422-00103500-00103703 to a quantum computer you can simulate
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00423-00103704-00103853 these and still run them kind of on your
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00424-00103854-00104086 laptop with a little less power or you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00425-00104088-00104249 can call out to different quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00426-00104250-00104368 computers you know from different
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00427-00104369-00104542 Quantum providers there's a provider
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00428-00104543-00104806 tool you put you pick the provider you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00429-00104807-00105178 attach your quantum computer and run it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00430-00105179-00105443 okay that's what quiz kid is how do we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00431-00105444-00105623 do it and again it's like regular
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00432-00105624-00105784 software development there's a four-step
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00433-00105785-00105965 process for doing this um first thing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00434-00105966-00106163 you do is you build your Quantum circuit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00435-00106164-00106451 and quiz gets uh python tool so you can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00436-00106452-00106631 write kind of some python to build out
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00437-00106632-00106804 your circuit we'll look at that here in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00438-00106805-00106907 a minute
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00439-00106908-00106973 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00440-00106974-00107123 like any other well not like everybody
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00441-00107124-00107302 any like any compiled language the next
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00442-00107303-00107513 thing you do is you're going to compile
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00443-00107514-00107663 um your circuit for the particular
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00444-00107664-00107843 architecture you're going to run it on
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00445-00107844-00107993 um different you know computers have
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00446-00107994-00108136 different architectures so in Quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00447-00108138-00108304 this similar thing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00448-00108305-00108539 then you run it and then lastly you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00449-00108540-00108707 analyze your results
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00450-00108708-00108916 and that's how you run a Quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00451-00108917-00109060 workload so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00452-00109061-00109210 um we're gonna do a demo here and this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00453-00109211-00109378 is live so this may or may not you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00454-00109379-00109504 we're gonna we're gonna run kind of by
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00455-00109505-00109727 the seat of our pants here a little bit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00456-00109728-00109949 um so okay now of course I can't see it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00457-00109950-00110171 on this screen but um again this is a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00458-00110172-00110381 how for people in the back of the room
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00459-00110382-00110801 can you read anything on this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00460-00110802-00110969 um how about now I feel like an eye
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00461-00110970-00111202 doctor all right cool all right um so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00462-00111203-00111581 I'm not gonna whoops
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00463-00111582-00111827 ah all right um bear with me one second
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00464-00111828-00112097 to find which screen I'm on
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00465-00112098-00112325 there we go okay now where's the mouse
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00466-00112326-00112445 okay
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00467-00112446-00112673 all right so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00468-00112674-00112919 um given um what time are we at we got
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00469-00112920-00113033 about 15 minutes so I'm gonna go a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00470-00113033-00113273 little quick here so the build step
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00471-00113274-00113386 um first thing we're going to do is
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00472-00113388-00113519 we're gonna just declare a circuit again
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00473-00113520-00113716 this is the kids thing this is regular
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00474-00113717-00113921 python they should look fairly simple
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00475-00113922-00114065 um we're going to clear a circuit with
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00476-00114066-00114245 two qubits and we're gonna have two
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00477-00114246-00114395 regular bits at the end so we're gonna
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00478-00114396-00114563 have our two kind of quantum atoms here
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00479-00114564-00114736 that we're gonna do some stuff to and we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00480-00114738-00114916 get a measurement at the end
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00481-00114917-00115234 um so we're gonna do that here
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00482-00115235-00115421 and then we're going to build a little
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00483-00115422-00115690 circuit and rather than go over so we're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00484-00115691-00115828 putting Gates on the gates are just
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00485-00115829-00116021 simple like circuit dot gate name so at
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00486-00116022-00116327 H gate is an H C dot gate is a CX and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00487-00116328-00116554 then we're going to measure it and this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00488-00116555-00116693 uh if you want to see what that looks
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00489-00116694-00117052 like we can make that look pretty
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00490-00117053-00117173 well we can make it look pretty when
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00491-00117174-00117323 it's on the screen entirely and there
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00492-00117324-00117527 you go so you've got two qubits q0 q1
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00493-00117528-00117671 we've got two measurements we're gonna
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00494-00117672-00117808 get a zero one at the end so we're gonna
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00495-00117809-00118036 have a zero zero or a one one when we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00496-00118038-00118163 run this thing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00497-00118164-00118384 and the way this Quantum gate works not
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00498-00118385-00118528 to get too into the weeds but it's
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00499-00118529-00118684 basically going to give us you know we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00500-00118685-00119002 the H Gate's going to put our qubit in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00501-00119003-00119189 our superposition so we don't know what
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00502-00119190-00119357 it is we're going to entangle it with a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00503-00119358-00119543 c naught gate which means basically our
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00504-00119544-00119716 output when we measure is going to be 50
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00505-00119717-00119957 50 give or take a little bit if it's a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00506-00119958-00120131 zero or a one
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00507-00120132-00120334 um so that's we this is our circuit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00508-00120335-00120569 we've built it now let's compile it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00509-00120570-00120802 um given that networks are always fun
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00510-00120803-00121031 I'm going to do a simulator today but
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00511-00121032-00121207 we're going to simulate this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00512-00121208-00121463 and then compile it our compiler is just
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00513-00121464-00121660 a call to transpile with the circuit and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00514-00121661-00121913 the back end we want to build it for
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00515-00121914-00122086 uh we're going to run it is just again
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00516-00122088-00122447 simulator dot run nice and easy it runs
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00517-00122448-00122621 and then it's done and then we can do
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00518-00122622-00122860 you know some counts we can see we ran
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00519-00122861-00123023 zero zero one one that's our you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00520-00123024-00123328 zero and one roughly split evenly 49 to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00521-00123329-00123502 511 and then if we want to you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00522-00123503-00123640 we're in a notebook so we could do
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00523-00123641-00123766 notebook driven development and build
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00524-00123767-00123965 some histograms
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00525-00123966-00124163 um at the end there
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00526-00124164-00124378 that's a trivial example or a fairly
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00527-00124379-00124540 simple example but you can obviously how
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00528-00124541-00124666 you could build this up to much more
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00529-00124667-00124865 depth if you wanted to giving you a nice
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00530-00124866-00125147 little visual toolkit to work your way
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00531-00125148-00125339 through that so that's kind of quiz kit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00532-00125340-00125566 as a demo now I'm going to try to get
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00533-00125567-00125854 back to the slides if I can find them
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00534-00125855-00126016 there we go
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00535-00126017-00126275 um and then
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00536-00126276-00126407 you just come back to the pull the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00537-00126408-00126575 presenter's notes back up if I can click
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00538-00126576-00126851 on the right thing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00539-00126852-00127073 and then bring this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00540-00127074-00127445 back to my other screen
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00541-00127446-00127666 you're using Linux
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00542-00127667-00127852 don't blame Linux
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00543-00127853-00128027 we're the Linux Foundation event don't
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00544-00128028-00128213 don't blame Linux
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00545-00128214-00128560 um all right so that's our demo um just
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00546-00128561-00128951 come back over here
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00547-00128952-00129310 all right um so we're 20 minutes in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00548-00129311-00129593 we're at cloudnativecon cubecon we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00549-00129594-00129778 haven't talked about kubernetes yet
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00550-00129779-00130019 um let's Rectify that how do we make
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00551-00130020-00130313 Quantum Computing Cloud native or also
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00552-00130314-00130469 known as why are we here talking about
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00553-00130470-00130816 Quantum at kubecon cloudnativecon
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00554-00130817-00131002 um you know so what's the role where
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00555-00131003-00131195 does what role does kubernetes play and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00556-00131196-00131297 if we think about kind of what
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00557-00131298-00131452 kubernetes is you know it's an
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00558-00131453-00131651 orchestrator you know if we want to go
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00559-00131652-00131819 back to you know kubernetes comes from
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00560-00131820-00132011 the Greek that means pilot or Helmsman
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00561-00132012-00132257 or Navigator or a couple other things
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00562-00132258-00132437 and we can use kubernetes to run a whole
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00563-00132438-00132539 bunch of different workloads so we're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00564-00132540-00132689 all familiar with running kubernetes on
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00565-00132690-00132881 cloud you can use kubernetes to run
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00566-00132882-00133078 on-prem workloads you can call out to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00567-00133079-00133283 high performance computers
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00568-00133284-00133427 kind of the takeaway here is you can use
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00569-00133428-00133547 kubernetes to run a whole bunch of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00570-00133548-00133835 different heterogeneous computes and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00571-00133836-00133985 Quantum is just another kind of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00572-00133986-00134140 heterogeneous compute that we can add
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00573-00134141-00134447 into these particular workflows
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00574-00134448-00134549 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00575-00134550-00134740 and we can use the one that makes the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00576-00134741-00134902 most sense for the problem or the part
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00577-00134903-00135040 of the problem that we're attempting to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00578-00135041-00135251 build so if it makes sense to build part
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00579-00135252-00135502 of our our program or our algorithm as a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00580-00135503-00135671 Quantum algorithm let's do that if it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00581-00135672-00135839 makes more sense to run on an HPC let's
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00582-00135840-00136001 run on an HPC
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00583-00136002-00136204 so on and so forth and so to kind of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00584-00136205-00136390 think about this let's use the sound of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00585-00136391-00136619 something that's a bit more complex in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00586-00136620-00136835 the the last example I showed let's take
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00587-00136836-00136985 an out you know an application kind of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00588-00136986-00137128 at the outset you know it's a big
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00589-00137129-00137266 problem but we can break that problem
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00590-00137267-00137464 down into smaller pieces
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00591-00137465-00137609 and each of those pieces can be broken
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00592-00137610-00137837 down into smaller pieces some of those
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00593-00137838-00138077 pieces may be best served by building a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00594-00138078-00138214 Quantum algorithm building a Quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00595-00138215-00138443 circuit to build our calculation if we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00596-00138444-00138611 have a Quantum algorithm enough qubits
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00597-00138612-00138821 to do so but we can break this down in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00598-00138822-00138961 kind of a bunch of smaller problems
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00599-00138962-00139181 compute those results and then combine
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00600-00139182-00139361 those results back up to get the final
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00601-00139362-00139528 result this should be familiar to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00602-00139529-00139697 anybody who's grinded leak code recently
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00603-00139698-00139901 this is dividing copper right you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00604-00139902-00140021 you take a big problem break it down
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00605-00140022-00140195 into pieces combine those pieces back
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00606-00140196-00140327 together but you need something to kind
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00607-00140328-00140507 of orchestrate that that's where
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00608-00140508-00140651 kubernetes comes in and that's where
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00609-00140652-00140819 kind of what we've called Quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00610-00140820-00140987 serverless Quantum middleware plays a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00611-00140988-00141173 role so this is an open source software
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00612-00141174-00141371 that we've built that's out there people
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00613-00141372-00141616 are contributing to that's used to make
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00614-00141617-00141814 tools to build and orchestrate these
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00615-00141815-00142121 Quantum and classical workloads
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00616-00142122-00142354 um for people to run you know it in the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00617-00142355-00142493 optimal place
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00618-00142494-00142685 so again if you if you had a Quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00619-00142686-00142871 workload and again it's not Quantum or
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00620-00142872-00143195 classical it's Quantum and classical so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00621-00143196-00143333 if you take you know a particular
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00622-00143334-00143543 workload you send it to kubernetes you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00623-00143544-00143777 send your program Quantum service will
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00624-00143778-00143902 figure out you know do we need to run it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00625-00143903-00144101 in Quantum does it need to be run
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00626-00144102-00144347 classically HPC whatever so on and so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00627-00144348-00144454 forth
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00628-00144455-00144664 it'll kind of go out and do that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00629-00144665-00144737 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00630-00144738-00144911 so that's a lot of abstract stuff we've
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00631-00144912-00145025 got 10 minutes let's see if we can get
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00632-00145026-00145181 through a couple of examples
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00633-00145182-00145433 um so simply so what does this look like
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00634-00145434-00145547 in practice
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00635-00145548-00145721 um let's take you know the first example
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00636-00145722-00145847 um let's say we want to calculate the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00637-00145848-00146027 ground state energy for lithium hydride
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00638-00146028-00146213 this is a kind of a basic chemistry
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00639-00146214-00146369 example where we're gonna and this can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00640-00146370-00146537 be done as it is a Quantum algorithm
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00641-00146538-00146789 there's a Quantum equation you can solve
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00642-00146790-00147028 and you can also and you can do and you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00643-00147029-00147173 can do it for different parameters so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00644-00147174-00147275 maybe you want to solve it where your
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00645-00147276-00147437 atoms are this far apart maybe this far
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00646-00147438-00147635 apart as far apart so you can kind of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00647-00147636-00147802 run this as you know a parameterized
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00648-00147803-00147947 equation where you're the bond length
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00649-00147948-00148139 would be your variable
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00650-00148140-00148313 um so what my dislocating quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00651-00148314-00148445 serverless
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00652-00148446-00148619 we could take that program and that set
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00653-00148620-00148823 of parameters ship it off to kubernetes
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00654-00148824-00148990 we can let Quantum serverless kind of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00655-00148991-00149207 parallelize it run each Quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00656-00149208-00149351 algorithm individually on separate
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00657-00149352-00149597 Quantum Hardware as individual processes
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00658-00149598-00149783 take those results pull them back and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00659-00149784-00149939 return them to the user
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00660-00149940-00150101 so it's we're going to attempt to demo
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00661-00150102-00150316 now let's see if we can jump back and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00662-00150317-00150466 forth again all right let's try this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00663-00150467-00150802 again okay so now we got notebook two
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00664-00150803-00151043 all right we can still read this perfect
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00665-00151044-00151114 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00666-00151115-00151427 so the way we do this we build a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00667-00151428-00151499 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00668-00151500-00151643 write a program in Python that's going
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00669-00151644-00151828 to do the things we want to do
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00670-00151829-00151949 um which
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00671-00151950-00152116 um for you know to summarize this kind
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00672-00152117-00152302 of quickly we're going to build our our
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00673-00152303-00152537 out our our atom using some of the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00674-00152538-00152759 quantum nature tooling what we're going
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00675-00152760-00152854 to do here
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00676-00152855-00153052 that's this you know driver equals Etc
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00677-00153053-00153245 then we're going to do our Quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00678-00153246-00153407 Transformations we're going to take our
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00679-00153408-00153695 Quantum algorithm which is down here
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00680-00153696-00153826 where we're going to build a vqe which
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00681-00153827-00153964 is what we use to calculate the ground
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00682-00153965-00154240 state energy of this molecule at this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00683-00154241-00154445 particular Bond length and then we'll
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00684-00154446-00154607 return the results
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00685-00154608-00154793 package up in a python script and we can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00686-00154794-00154937 then ship that off to kubernetes and run
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00687-00154938-00155093 it so let's see how are we going to do
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00688-00155094-00155285 this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00689-00155286-00155495 I'll redo it from a notebook
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00690-00155496-00155699 so we're going to import our stuff we're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00691-00155700-00155885 going to make so we're going to we have
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00692-00155886-00156023 a there's a Gateway that sits in front
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00693-00156024-00156185 of the of kubernetes that we use to send
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00694-00156186-00156407 the things to for resource management
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00695-00156408-00156593 and that kind of thing but we're going
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00696-00156594-00156766 to declare an instance of quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00697-00156767-00156940 serverless it uses that Gateway provider
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00698-00156941-00157289 which we shall do here
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00699-00157290-00157445 um then we are going to Define our
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00700-00157446-00157589 program our program it takes again the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00701-00157590-00157757 python input
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00702-00157758-00157852 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00703-00157853-00158033 uh some dependencies these are you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00704-00158034-00158152 python dependencies that we're going to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00705-00158153-00158321 add in kisket nature
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00706-00158322-00158428 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00707-00158429-00158681 our arguments um you know which we're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00708-00158682-00158795 going to use is basically just we're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00709-00158796-00158987 going to run a for loop with different
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00710-00158988-00159059 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00711-00159060-00159311 Bond lengths and then we will pull those
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00712-00159312-00159563 results back into a list of jobs so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00713-00159564-00159766 let's do that we've got three jobs and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00714-00159767-00159875 this is where it gets fun we're going to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00715-00159876-00159964 see if this thing's actually going to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00716-00159965-00160114 run
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00717-00160115-00160361 awesome we're actually running
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00718-00160362-00160559 um and now we wait and that was quick
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00719-00160560-00160793 again these are small examples you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00720-00160794-00160961 real workloads can take longer hence why
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00721-00160962-00161147 the parallelization and they're running
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00722-00161148-00161339 things independently matters and then we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00723-00161340-00161626 can pull our results back so we can see
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00724-00161627-00161890 that you know for Bond length 2.55 we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00725-00161891-00162154 got a ground state energy of negative
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00726-00162155-00162557 7.58 uh where three go three's down here
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00727-00162558-00162983 we got a negative 7.59 3.55 is going to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00728-00162984-00163151 be
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00729-00163152-00163343 negative 7.6 so again as you're getting
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00730-00163344-00163516 a little bit further apart a little bit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00731-00163517-00163793 uh different thresholds of energy
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00732-00163794-00163966 so that's kind of the parallelization
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00733-00163967-00164345 bit all right
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00734-00164346-00165269 let's
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00735-00165270-00165563 all right so that's uh that example
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00736-00165564-00165701 um last example I think we have time to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00737-00165702-00165863 get through um circuit knitting so again
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00738-00165864-00165995 kind of Max mentioned we've only got
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00739-00165996-00166187 like so many qubits in Quantum Hardware
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00740-00166188-00166463 I think we're like 433 right now
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00741-00166464-00166619 um and that means we can build you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00742-00166620-00166966 circuits that have less than 433 qubits
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00743-00166967-00167093 in them
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00744-00167094-00167278 um but maybe we want to solve problems
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00745-00167279-00167416 that are bigger than that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00746-00167417-00167699 we can use some kind of their in certain
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00747-00167700-00167969 instances we can actually split a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00748-00167970-00168131 circuit in half into two smaller
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00749-00168132-00168233 circuits
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00750-00168234-00168395 that are mathematically equivalent to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00751-00168396-00168539 the larger circuits so we can basically
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00752-00168540-00168778 decompose this into smaller workloads
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00753-00168779-00169025 run those smaller workloads recombine
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00754-00169026-00169211 the results and get the final result and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00755-00169212-00169397 what's nice about this is when we split
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00756-00169398-00169619 our circuit we're able to split it into
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00757-00169620-00169781 a smaller number of qubits so it can fit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00758-00169782-00169978 on the hardware that we have so that's
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00759-00169979-00170189 what we call circuit cutting it's part
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00760-00170190-00170363 of this circuit knitting toolkit that we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00761-00170364-00170687 have which is also open source and again
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00762-00170688-00170885 kubernetes is our orchestrator we're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00763-00170886-00171028 going to ship the job out to kubernetes
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00764-00171029-00171269 it's going to run the circuit cutting
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00765-00171270-00171593 it will then Farm those sub-circuits out
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00766-00171594-00171785 to a Quantum machine pull those results
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00767-00171786-00171989 back recombine them in kubernetes and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00768-00171990-00172163 ship us back ship them back to us as the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00769-00172164-00172325 user
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00770-00172326-00172481 um so we're going to demo this even
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00771-00172482-00172673 quicker than we did the last one since
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00772-00172674-00172779 we're running low on time
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00773-00172780-00173051 [Music]
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00774-00173052-00173237 if I can find my mouse
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00775-00173238-00173519 there it is
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00776-00173520-00173639 all right
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00777-00173640-00173890 um so circuit cutting so what we're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00778-00173891-00173963 going to do is we're gonna we're gonna
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00779-00173964-00174190 and again this is a small example we can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00780-00174191-00174299 build bigger ones but we're going to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00781-00174300-00174587 build an eight qubit circuit um now
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00782-00174588-00174701 obviously that could really you know in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00783-00174702-00174821 real life could fit on a quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00784-00174822-00175013 computer but for our purposes we're
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00785-00175014-00175163 going to pretend it can't um so we've
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00786-00175164-00175397 got an eight qubit thing we're going to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00787-00175398-00175559 build our Quantum serverless instance
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00788-00175560-00175690 and what we're going to do in this case
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00789-00175691-00175816 is we're going to run this locally so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00790-00175817-00175973 we're going to run our Quantum in our
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00791-00175974-00176093 notebook and then we're going to make
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00792-00176094-00176254 we're going to send remote calls out to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00793-00176255-00176357 kubernetes we're going to run our
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00794-00176358-00176476 individual functions so instead of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00795-00176477-00176633 building it as like one python script
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00796-00176634-00176776 that we run
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00797-00176777-00176890 um in kubernetes here we're going to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00798-00176891-00177040 make individual calls we'll run out to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00799-00177041-00177173 kubernetes
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00800-00177174-00177335 um this is kind of more of like a you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00801-00177336-00177473 know data scientist type worker might be
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00802-00177474-00177593 doing more stuff in a notebook as
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00803-00177594-00177743 opposed to building out a kind of a full
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00804-00177744-00177899 program
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00805-00177900-00178097 um that's what we use here we use this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00806-00178098-00178313 at uh quiz get remote function to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00807-00178314-00178481 basically declare this as a remote
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00808-00178482-00178751 function that's going to do its thing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00809-00178752-00178985 then we're going to cut it so we'll run
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00810-00178986-00179254 this cut circuit wires remote that's
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00811-00179255-00179416 going to take a little bit of time uh
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00812-00179417-00179561 we'll watch that kind of run its thing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00813-00179562-00179740 here it'll give us some output so right
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00814-00179741-00179866 now what happens is we've shipped this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00815-00179867-00180076 off to kubernetes it's running its thing
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00816-00180077-00180521 it's done some cutting and now we've got
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00817-00180522-00180707 it's done a lot of cutting
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00818-00180708-00180797 um
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00819-00180798-00180928 and eventually we're going to get there
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00820-00180929-00181054 there we go so now we've got two
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00821-00181055-00181271 circuits and we can if we take a look at
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00822-00181272-00181378 this we'll see that we've got one
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00823-00181379-00181781 circuit that's five cubits
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00824-00181782-00181949 another circuit that's five cubits so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00825-00181950-00182135 we've taken that eight qubit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00826-00182136-00182423 um circuit and made it into five
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00827-00182424-00182609 uh now we'll run it and I know I'm
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00828-00182610-00182723 running through this stuff really
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00829-00182724-00182890 quickly the stuff's all available online
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00830-00182891-00183076 and we've got Links at the end um so you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00831-00183077-00183202 can see it but we're going to you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00832-00183203-00183395 evaluate it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00833-00183396-00184138 uh uh we'll build a back end
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00834-00184139-00184264 now we'll call again we'll call another
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00835-00184265-00184402 serverless thing and this is going to be
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00836-00184403-00185159 our evaluate sub-circuits
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00837-00185160-00185645 and we're done
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00838-00185646-00185837 now we're going to reconstruct it so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00839-00185838-00186052 again split it in half run each
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00840-00186053-00186335 individual half pull them back
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00841-00186336-00186581 and then let's uh
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00842-00186582-00187007 let's run this again
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00843-00187008-00187181 now so this is going to verify the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00844-00187182-00187307 results so the nice thing about this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00845-00187308-00187516 being a small example is we can actually
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00846-00187517-00187769 run the full thing and we can compare
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00847-00187770-00188069 the results of our split to the results
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00848-00188070-00188273 of the full
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00849-00188274-00188440 peace and so that's what we're going to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00850-00188441-00188626 do here with this verify method
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00851-00188627-00188819 and what we can happen is be again it's
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00852-00188820-00188926 it's quantities probability
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00853-00188927-00189059 distributions and we compare the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00854-00189060-00189335 distributions of solutions from the full
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00855-00189336-00189593 example to the two uh to the circuit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00856-00189594-00189845 cut example and as you'll see down here
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00857-00189846-00190126 at the bottom very exactly the same so
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00858-00190127-00190361 each use case has exactly the same
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00859-00190362-00190540 probabilities
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00860-00190541-00190690 um or the same probability distribution
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00861-00190691-00190811 for that so that's the way that's again
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00862-00190812-00191021 how we can kind of parallelize
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00863-00191022-00191243 big workloads divide and conquer them
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00864-00191244-00192490 using kubernetes to orchestrate them
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00865-00192491-00192725 all right so run a long time so take
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00866-00192726-00192875 away points here uh three kind of big
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00867-00192876-00192988 things I think to take away from this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00868-00192989-00193264 one we can use quantum to solve those
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00869-00193265-00193469 hard problems that we kind of mentioned
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00870-00193470-00193649 some of those hard problems not everyone
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00871-00193650-00193811 but some of those hard problems we can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00872-00193812-00193954 solve with quantum
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00873-00193955-00194123 and if we combine Quantum and classical
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00874-00194124-00194363 we're able to solve some of those bigger
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00875-00194364-00194495 problems much faster it kind of gives us
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00876-00194496-00194590 that's kind of the optimum weight of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00877-00194591-00194747 this it's not it's not just Quantum it's
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00878-00194748-00194878 not just classical it's Quantum and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00879-00194879-00195101 classical together and you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00880-00195102-00195263 kubernetes really is kind of the natural
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00881-00195264-00195443 orchestrator for these types of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00882-00195444-00195611 workloads
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00883-00195612-00195773 um so yeah that's kind of takeaways
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00884-00195774-00195887 we've got some links I'm going to put
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00885-00195888-00195983 these I think these things are online
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00886-00195984-00196157 there's QR codes the links are at the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00887-00196158-00196354 bottom and then we've got the feedback
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00888-00196355-00196487 slide at the end so I'll leave this up
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00889-00196488-00196601 here for a minute to give people a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00890-00196602-00196793 chance to take pictures and maybe
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00891-00196794-00196961 do we have time for questions or you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00892-00196962-00197375 gotta we gotta
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00893-00197376-00197883 Sioux Falls that was great
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00894-00197884-00198761 [Applause]
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00895-00198762-00199588 okay yes
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00896-00199589-00199828 oh yeah thank you for the great talk my
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00897-00199829-00200243 question would be the the kubernetes
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00898-00200244-00200350 um that is actually running your
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00899-00200351-00200554 serverless workloads on which
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00900-00200555-00200813 infrastructure and which provider is
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00901-00200814-00200987 this using where where are you running
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00902-00200988-00201100 this
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00903-00201101-00201364 um we I mean we're ibms we run ours on
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00904-00201365-00201497 IBM Cloud but they can run any Cloud
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00905-00201498-00201719 anything that can run containers I think
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00906-00201720-00201928 it went on openshift so yeah open shift
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00907-00201929-00202181 I mean kubernetes you can use yeah
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00908-00202182-00202931 Amazon Google whatever
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00909-00202932-00203166 yes yes so those are in different
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00910-00203167-00204083 locations and then they're connected
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00911-00204084-00204388 the example that you just run did it run
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00912-00204389-00204749 also or it took the decision to run in a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00913-00204750-00204940 quantum computer or it was completely
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00914-00204941-00205096 simulated
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00915-00205098-00205331 because
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00916-00205332-00205638 yeah so today I simulated them because
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00917-00205639-00205882 networks what could go wrong
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00918-00205883-00206062 um but just to make sure that it was
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00919-00206063-00206242 I've got a local cluster so what I
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00920-00206244-00206429 showed today was a local kubernetes
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00921-00206430-00206675 cluster running on my laptop but to make
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00922-00206676-00206921 it run on you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00923-00206921-00207238 AWS or IKS or any kubernetes you just
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00924-00207239-00207412 with the same deploy
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00925-00207413-00207694 use Helm deploy it and then you would
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00926-00207696-00207916 just change the back end from simulator
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00927-00207917-00208264 to Quantum on your computer you need a
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00928-00208265-00208486 an account and so on but yeah you know
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00929-00208487-00208834 for experimentation I think IBM gives
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00930-00208835-00209140 you time when does when a series of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00931-00209141-00209351 computers that we have all over so you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00932-00209352-00209525 can just apply for it and get get access
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00933-00209526-00209837 to it
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00934-00209838-00210065 okay last question
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00935-00210066-00210413 thank you if I remember back to the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00936-00210414-00210598 times where I was writing five bit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00937-00210600-00210953 programs at IBM
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00938-00210954-00211169 um that was kind of a batch process so I
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00939-00211169-00211373 I send them in and I got the results in
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00940-00211373-00211553 the next morning so that's probably not
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00941-00211554-00211810 what fits in that cluster concept that
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00942-00211811-00211979 you have just provided so if I download
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00943-00211980-00212248 that then I'm running the simulation
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00944-00212250-00212506 right yeah
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00945-00212507-00212908 yeah we we showed very simple
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00946-00212909-00213160 um circuits as I mentioned like if you
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00947-00213161-00213521 were to try to run Shores or any kind of
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00948-00213521-00213844 you know real problems you'd need a lot
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00949-00213846-00214139 more circuit a much bigger circuit and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00950-00214140-00214391 you'd have to cut it multiple times and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00951-00214392-00214708 then use a real computer to combine but
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00952-00214709-00214942 this is what we're doing right now so I
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00953-00214944-00215015 think
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00954-00215016-00215303 then the slides we showed where you can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00955-00215304-00215506 actually go and and if you wanted to
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00956-00215507-00215698 contribute and try this a lot of those
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00957-00215700-00215860 jupyter notebooks are there so you can
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00958-00215861-00216017 actually run them yourself
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00959-00216017-00216323 and then more importantly all of the
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00960-00216323-00216444 kisket
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00961-00216446-00216634 the circuit
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00962-00216635-00216923 um sorry the the quantum serverless all
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00963-00216923-00217079 of that is open source
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00964-00217080-00217415 and you can start using it right now and
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00965-00217416-00217631 if we could try to run bigger things we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00966-00217632-00217781 would have very quickly run out of time
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00967-00217782-00217960 as I think we are being noticed that we
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00968-00217961-00218123 are out of time so thanks everybody for
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00969-00218123-00218201 coming
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00970-00218202-00218392 um really appreciate it three different
+IjiaQ70FKRg-00971-00218394-00218707 questions afterwards if you needed
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00000-00000006-00000367 in computer science a lock or mutex from
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00001-00000368-00000568 mutual exclusion is a synchronization
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00002-00000569-00000844 mechanism for enforcing limits on access
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00003-00000846-00001043 to a resource in an environment where
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00004-00001044-00001254 there are many threads of execution a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00005-00001255-00001537 lock is designed to enforce a mutual
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00006-00001538-00002268 exclusion concurrency control policy
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00007-00002269-00002771 topic types
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00008-00002772-00003050 generally lakhs are advisory locks where
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00009-00003051-00003265 each thread cooperates by acquiring the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00010-00003267-00003472 lock before accessing the corresponding
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00011-00003474-00003790 data some systems also implement
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00012-00003792-00003947 mandatory locks we're attempting
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00013-00003947-00004193 unauthorized access to a lock resource
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00014-00004194-00004379 will force an exception in the entity
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00015-00004380-00004676 attempting to make the access the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00016-00004677-00004865 simplest type of lock is a binary
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00017-00004866-00005132 semaphore it provides exclusive access
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00018-00005133-00005402 to the lock data other schemes also
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00019-00005403-00005636 provide shared access for reading data
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00020-00005637-00005929 other widely implemented access modes
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00021-00005930-00006149 are exclusive intent to exclude and
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00022-00006150-00006439 intend to upgrade another way to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00023-00006440-00006664 classify locks is by what happens when
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00024-00006665-00006881 the lock strategy prevents progress of a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00025-00006881-00007178 thread most locking designs block the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00026-00007179-00007373 execution of the thread requesting the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00027-00007373-00007570 lock until it is allowed to access the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00028-00007572-00007850 lock resource with a spin lock the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00029-00007851-00008204 thread simply waits spins until the lock
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00030-00008205-00008321 becomes available
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00031-00008322-00008539 this is efficient if threads are blocked
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00032-00008540-00008746 for a short time because it avoids the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00033-00008747-00008971 overhead of operating system process
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00034-00008972-00009263 rescheduling it is inefficient if the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00035-00009264-00009482 lock is held for a long time or if the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00036-00009483-00009638 progress of the thread that is holding
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00037-00009639-00009830 the lock depends on preemption of the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00038-00009831-00010142 locked thread locks typically require
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00039-00010143-00010319 hardware support for efficient
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00040-00010320-00010580 implementation this support usually
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00041-00010581-00010790 takes the form of one or more atomic
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00042-00010791-00010910 instructions such as
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00043-00010911-00011302 test and set fetch and add or
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00044-00011303-00011467 compare-and-swap
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00045-00011468-00011732 these instructions allow a single
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00046-00011733-00011948 process to test if the lock is free and
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00047-00011949-00012164 if free acquire the lock in a single
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00048-00012165-00012484 atomic operation uniprocessor
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00049-00012485-00012697 architectures have the option of using
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00050-00012698-00012860 uninterruptible sequences of
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00051-00012861-00013166 instructions using special instructions
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00052-00013166-00013379 or instruction prefixes to disable
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00053-00013380-00013597 interrupts temporarily but this
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00054-00013598-00013733 technique does not work for
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00055-00013734-00013986 multiprocessor shared memory machines
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00056-00013987-00014213 proper support for locks in a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00057-00014213-00014441 multiprocessor environment can require
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00058-00014441-00014614 quite complex hardware or software
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00059-00014615-00014911 support with substantial synchronization
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00060-00014912-00015278 issues the reason an atomic operation is
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00061-00015279-00015508 required is because of concurrency where
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00062-00015509-00015716 more than one task execute the same
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00063-00015716-00016007 logic for example consider the following
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00064-00016008-00016191 C code
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00065-00016191-00016430 the above example does not guarantee
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00066-00016431-00016629 that the task has the lock since more
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00067-00016630-00016833 than one task can be testing the lock at
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00068-00016834-00017133 the same time since both tasks will
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00069-00017134-00017361 detect that the lock is free both tasks
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00070-00017362-00017553 will attempt to set the lock not knowing
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00071-00017554-00017751 that the other task is also setting the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00072-00017752-00018066 lock deckers or Peterson's algorithm are
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00073-00018067-00018291 possible substitutes if atomic locking
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00074-00018292-00018621 operations are not available careless
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00075-00018622-00018837 use of locks can result in deadlock or
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00076-00018838-00019092 live lock a number of strategies can be
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00077-00019093-00019322 used to avoid or recover from dead locks
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00078-00019323-00019569 or live locks both at design time and at
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00079-00019570-00019809 run time the most common strategy is to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00080-00019810-00019943 standardize the lock acquisition
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00081-00019944-00020175 sequences so that combinations of
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00082-00020176-00020388 interdependent locks are always acquired
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00083-00020389-00020800 in a specifically defined cascade order
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00084-00020801-00021047 some languages do support locks
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00085-00021048-00021324 syntactically an example in c-sharp
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00086-00021325-00021672 follows the code lock this can lead to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00087-00021673-00021872 problems if the instance can be accessed
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00088-00021873-00022146 publicly similar to Java c-sharp can
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00089-00022147-00022397 also synchronize entire methods by using
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00090-00022398-00022602 the method implications synchronized
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00091-00022603-00023163 attribute
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00092-00023164-00023702 topic granularity
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00093-00023703-00023915 before being introduced to lock
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00094-00023916-00024131 granularity one needs to understand
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00095-00024132-00024494 three concepts about locks lock overhead
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00096-00024495-00024737 the extra resources for using locks like
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00097-00024738-00024971 the memory space allocated for locks the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00098-00024972-00025244 CPU time to initialize and destroy locks
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00099-00025245-00025469 and the time for acquiring or releasing
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00100-00025470-00025781 locks the more locks our program uses
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00101-00025782-00025981 the more overhead associated with the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00102-00025982-00026306 usage lock contention this occurs
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00103-00026307-00026531 whenever one process or thread attempts
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00104-00026532-00026689 to acquire a lock held by another
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00105-00026691-00027023 process or thread the more fine-grained
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00106-00027024-00027251 the available locks the less likely one
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00107-00027252-00027467 process thread will request a lock held
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00108-00027468-00027704 by the other for example locking a row
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00109-00027705-00027932 rather than the entire table or locking
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00110-00027933-00028180 a cell rather than the entire row
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00111-00028181-00028448 deadlock the situation when each of at
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00112-00028449-00028639 least two tasks is waiting for a lock
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00113-00028641-00028913 that the other task holds unless
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00114-00028914-00029126 something is done the two tasks will
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00115-00029127-00029282 wait forever there is a trade-off
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00116-00029283-00029492 between decreasing lock overhead and
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00117-00029493-00029677 decreasing lock contention when choosing
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00118-00029679-00029849 the number of locks in synchronization
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00119-00029850-00030233 an important property of a lock is its
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00120-00030233-00030514 granularity the granularity is a measure
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00121-00030516-00030689 of the amount of data the lock is
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00122-00030689-00031007 protecting in general choosing a coarse
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00123-00031008-00031258 granularity a small number of locks each
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00124-00031260-00031448 protecting a large segment of data
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00125-00031449-00031679 results in less lock overhead when a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00126-00031680-00031862 single process is accessing the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00127-00031863-00032039 protected data but worse performance
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00128-00032039-00032258 when multiple processes are running
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00129-00032258-00032498 concurrently this is because of
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00130-00032499-00032726 increased lock contention the more
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00131-00032727-00032870 coarse the lock the higher the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00132-00032871-00033044 likelihood that the lock will stop an
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00133-00033045-00033286 unrelated process from proceeding
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00134-00033287-00033593 conversely using a fine granularity a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00135-00033594-00033827 larger number of locks each protecting a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00136-00033828-00034061 fairly small amount of data increases
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00137-00034062-00034259 the overhead of the locks themselves but
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00138-00034260-00034583 reduces lock contention granular locking
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00139-00034584-00034760 where each process must hold multiple
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00140-00034761-00034970 locks from a common set of locks can
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00141-00034971-00035255 create subtle lock dependencies this
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00142-00035256-00035453 subtlety can increase the chance that a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00143-00035454-00035669 programmer will unknowingly introduce a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00144-00035670-00035918 deadlock in a database management system
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00145-00035919-00036146 for example a lock could protect in
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00146-00036147-00036392 order of decreasing granularity part of
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00147-00036393-00036689 a field a field a record a data page or
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00148-00036690-00037055 an entire table coarse granularity such
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00149-00037056-00037082 as
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00150-00037083-00037292 using table locks tends to give the best
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00151-00037293-00037466 performance for a single user
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00152-00037467-00037733 whereas fine granularity such as record
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00153-00037734-00037898 locks tends to give the best performance
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00154-00037899-00038553 for multiple users
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00155-00038554-00039286 topic database locks database locks can
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00156-00039287-00039429 be used as a means of ensuring
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00157-00039430-00039790 transaction synchronicity ie when making
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00158-00039791-00039997 transaction processing concurrent
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00159-00039998-00040228 interleaving transactions using two
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00160-00040229-00040432 phased locks ensures that the concurrent
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00161-00040433-00040648 execution of the transaction turns out
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00162-00040649-00040858 equivalent to some serial ordering of
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00163-00040859-00041197 the transaction however deadlocks become
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00164-00041198-00041419 an unfortunate side-effect of locking in
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00165-00041420-00041746 databases deadlocks are either prevented
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00166-00041747-00041938 by pre determining the locking order
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00167-00041939-00042151 between transactions or are detected
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00168-00042152-00042451 using waits for graphs an alternate to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00169-00042452-00042667 locking for database synchronicity while
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00170-00042668-00042862 avoiding deadlocks involves the use of
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00171-00042863-00043222 totally ordered global timestamps there
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00172-00043223-00043420 are mechanisms employed to manage the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00173-00043421-00043645 actions of multiple concurrent users on
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00174-00043646-00043897 a database the purpose is to prevent
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00175-00043898-00044206 lost updates and dirty reads the two
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00176-00044207-00044422 types of locking are pessimistic locking
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00177-00044423-00044740 and optimistic locking pessimistic
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00178-00044741-00044974 locking a user who reads a record with
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00179-00044975-00045181 the intention of updating it places an
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00180-00045182-00045388 exclusive lock on the record to prevent
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00181-00045389-00045667 other users from manipulating it this
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00182-00045668-00045880 means no one else can manipulate that
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00183-00045881-00046110 record until the user releases the lock
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00184-00046111-00046402 the downside is that users can be locked
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00185-00046403-00046612 out for a very long time thereby slowing
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00186-00046613-00046879 the overall system response and causing
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00187-00046880-00047092 frustration where to use pessimistic
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00188-00047093-00047263 locking this is mainly used in
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00189-00047264-00047488 environments where data contention the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00190-00047489-00047695 degree of users requests to the database
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00191-00047696-00047935 system at any one time is heavy where
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00192-00047936-00048100 the cost of protecting data through
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00193-00048101-00048283 locks is less than the cost of rolling
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00194-00048284-00048487 back transactions if concurrency
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00195-00048488-00048808 conflicts occur pessimistic concurrency
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00196-00048809-00049000 is best implemented when locked times
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00197-00049001-00049195 will be short as in programmatic
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00198-00049196-00049492 processing of records pessimistic
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00199-00049493-00049693 concurrency requires a persistent
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00200-00049694-00049885 connection to the database and is not a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00201-00049886-00050065 scaleable option when users are
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00202-00050066-00050284 interacting with data because records
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00203-00050285-00050464 might be locked for relatively large
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00204-00050465-00050746 periods of time it is not appropriate
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00205-00050747-00050977 for use in web application development
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00206-00050978-00051211 optimistic locking this allows multiple
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00207-00051212-00051465 concurrent users access to the database
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00208-00051466-00051670 whilst the system keeps a copy of the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00209-00051671-00051787 initial read made
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00210-00051788-00052099 each user when a user wants to update a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00211-00052100-00052317 record the application determines
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00212-00052319-00052495 whether another user has changed the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00213-00052496-00052759 record since it was last read the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00214-00052760-00052975 application does this by comparing the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00215-00052976-00053161 initial read held in memory to the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00216-00053162-00053413 database record to verify any changes
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00217-00053414-00053710 made to the record any discrepancies
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00218-00053711-00053866 between the initial read and the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00219-00053866-00054109 database record violates concurrency
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00220-00054110-00054304 rules and hence causes the system to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00221-00054304-00054610 disregard any update request an error
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00222-00054611-00054816 message is generated and the user is
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00223-00054817-00055053 asked to start the update process again
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00224-00055054-00055345 it improves database performance by
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00225-00055346-00055546 reducing the amount of locking required
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00226-00055547-00055741 thereby reducing the load on the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00227-00055741-00056032 database server it works efficiently
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00228-00056033-00056272 with tables that require limited updates
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00229-00056273-00056478 since no users are locked out
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00230-00056479-00056805 however some updates may fail the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00231-00056807-00057061 downside is constant update failures due
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00232-00057062-00057274 to high volumes of update requests from
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00233-00057275-00057484 multiple concurrent users it can be
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00234-00057485-00057676 frustrating for users where to use
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00235-00057677-00057895 optimistic locking this is appropriate
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00236-00057896-00058060 in environments where there is low
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00237-00058061-00058273 contention for data or where read-only
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00238-00058274-00058629 access to data is required optimistic
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00239-00058630-00058825 concurrency is used extensively in
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00240-00058826-00059053 dotnet to address the needs of mobile
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00241-00059054-00059254 and disconnected applications we're
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00242-00059254-00059428 locking data rows for prolonged periods
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00243-00059429-00059742 of time would be infeasible also
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00244-00059744-00059962 maintaining record locks requires a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00245-00059963-00060157 persistent connection to the database
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00246-00060158-00060346 server which is not possible in
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00247-00060347-00060996 disconnected applications
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00248-00060997-00061571 topic disadvantages
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00249-00061572-00061792 Laak based resource protection and
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00250-00061794-00062033 thread process synchronization have many
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00251-00062034-00062402 disadvantages contention some threads
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00252-00062403-00062617 processors have to wait until a lock or
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00253-00062619-00062939 a whole set of locks is released if one
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00254-00062940-00063098 of the threads holding a lock dies
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00255-00063099-00063353 stalls blocks or enters an infinite loop
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00256-00063354-00063548 other threads waiting for the lock may
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00257-00063549-00063700 wait forever
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00258-00063701-00063977 overhead the use of locks adds overhead
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00259-00063978-00064202 for each access to a resource even when
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00260-00064203-00064400 the chances for collision are very rare
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00261-00064401-00064616 however any chance for such collisions
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00262-00064616-00064966 is a race condition debugging bugs
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00263-00064967-00065141 associated with locks are time dependent
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00264-00065141-00065375 and can be very subtle and extremely
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00265-00065376-00065713 hard to replicate such as deadlocks
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00266-00065714-00065948 instability the optimal balance between
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00267-00065949-00066188 lock overhead and lock contention can be
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00268-00066189-00066425 unique to the problem domain application
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00269-00066426-00066659 and sensitive to design implementation
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00270-00066660-00066917 and even low-level system architectural
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00271-00066918-00067244 changes these balances may change over
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00272-00067245-00067469 the lifecycle of an application and may
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00273-00067470-00067676 entail tremendous changes to update
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00274-00067677-00068066 rebalance composability locks are only
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00275-00068067-00068300 composable eg managing multiple
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00276-00068301-00068528 concurrent locks in order to atomically
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00277-00068529-00068789 delete item X from table a and insert X
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00278-00068790-00069032 into table B with relatively elaborate
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00279-00069033-00069254 overhead software support and perfect
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00280-00069255-00069488 adherence by applications programming to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00281-00069489-00069854 rigorous conventions priority inversion
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00282-00069855-00070118 a low priority thread process holding a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00283-00070119-00070325 common lock can prevent high priority
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00284-00070326-00070570 threads processes from proceeding
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00285-00070571-00070811 priority inheritance can be used to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00286-00070812-00071096 reduce priority inversion duration the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00287-00071097-00071357 priority ceiling protocol can be used on
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00288-00071358-00071579 uniprocessor systems to minimize the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00289-00071580-00071822 worst-case priority inversion duration
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00290-00071823-00072173 as well as prevent deadlock convoying
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00291-00072174-00072350 all other threads have to wait if a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00292-00072351-00072557 thread holding a lock is d schedule due
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00293-00072558-00072794 to a time slice interrupt or page fault
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00294-00072795-00073007 some concurrency control strategies
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00295-00073008-00073325 avoid some or all of these problems for
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00296-00073326-00073589 example a funnel or serializing tokens
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00297-00073590-00073879 can avoid the biggest problem deadlocks
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00298-00073880-00074081 alternatives to locking include
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00299-00074082-00074297 non-blocking synchronization methods
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00300-00074298-00074504 like lock free programming techniques
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00301-00074505-00074837 and transactional memory however such
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00302-00074838-00074951 alternative method
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00303-00074952-00075134 often require that the actual lock
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00304-00075135-00075329 mechanisms be implemented at a more
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00305-00075330-00075512 fundamental level of the operating
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00306-00075513-00075842 software therefore they may only relieve
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00307-00075843-00076052 the application level from the details
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00308-00076053-00076256 of implementing locks with the problems
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00309-00076257-00076439 listed above still needing to be dealt
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00310-00076440-00076757 with beneath the application in most
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00311-00076758-00077039 cases proper locking depends on the CPU
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00312-00077040-00077267 providing a method of atomic instruction
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00313-00077268-00077510 stream synchronization for example the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00314-00077511-00077714 addition or deletion of an item into a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00315-00077715-00077866 pipeline requires that all
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00316-00077867-00078092 contemporaneous operations needing to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00317-00078093-00078311 add or delete other items in the pipe be
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00318-00078312-00078524 suspended during the manipulation of the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00319-00078525-00078737 memory content required to add or delete
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00320-00078738-00079019 the specific item therefore an
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00321-00079020-00079244 application can often be more robust
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00322-00079245-00079472 when it recognizes the burdens at places
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00323-00079473-00079673 upon an operating system and is capable
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00324-00079674-00079922 of graciously recognizing the reporting
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00325-00079923-00080354 of impossible demands topic lack of
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00326-00080355-00080515 composability one of lock-based
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00327-00080516-00080744 programming's biggest problems is that
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00328-00080745-00080945 locks don't compose it is hard to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00329-00080946-00081182 combine small correct lock based modules
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00330-00081183-00081401 into equally correct larger programs
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00331-00081402-00081608 without modifying the modules or at
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00332-00081609-00081832 least knowing about their internals
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00333-00081833-00082103 Simon Peyton Jones an advocate of
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00334-00082104-00082334 software transactional memory gives the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00335-00082335-00082499 following example of a banking
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00336-00082500-00082727 application design a class account that
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00337-00082728-00082940 allows multiple concurrent clients to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00338-00082941-00083150 deposit or withdraw money to an account
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00339-00083151-00083366 and give an algorithm to transfer money
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00340-00083367-00083645 from one account to another the lock
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00341-00083646-00083852 based solution to the first part of the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00342-00083853-00084086 problem is class account member balance
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00343-00084087-00084302 integer member mutex block method
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00344-00084303-00084620 deposit in integer mutex lock balance
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00345-00084621-00084848 balance plus and mutex unlock method
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00346-00084849-00085187 withdraw in integer deposit minus n the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00347-00085188-00085382 second part of the problem is much more
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00348-00085383-00085694 complicated a transfer routine that is
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00349-00085695-00085895 correct for sequential programs would be
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00350-00085896-00086111 function transfer from account to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00351-00086112-00086399 account amount integer from withdraw
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00352-00086400-00086636 amount to dot deposit amount in a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00353-00086637-00086858 concurrent program this algorithm is
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00354-00086859-00087038 incorrect because when one thread is
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00355-00087039-00087242 halfway through transfer another might
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00356-00087243-00087419 observer state where amount has been
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00357-00087420-00087653 withdrawn from the first account but not
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00358-00087654-00087842 yet deposited into the other account
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00359-00087843-00088048 money has gone missing from the system
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00360-00088049-00088343 this problem can only be fixed
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00361-00088344-00088592 by taking locks on both account prior to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00362-00088593-00088787 changing any of the two accounts but
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00363-00088788-00088940 then the locks have to be taken
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00364-00088941-00089135 according to some arbitrary global
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00365-00089136-00089339 ordering to prevent deadlock function
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00366-00089340-00089615 transfer from account to account amount
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00367-00089616-00089900 integer if from from lock to lock else
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00368-00089901-00090188 to lock from locked from withdraw amount
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00369-00090189-00090458 to dot deposit amount from unlock to
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00370-00090459-00090647 unlock this solution gets more
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00371-00090648-00090863 complicated when more locks are involved
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00372-00090864-00091055 and the transfer function needs to know
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00373-00091056-00091262 about all of the locks so they cannot be
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00374-00091263-00091810 hidden
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00375-00091811-00092466 topic language support programming
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00376-00092467-00092660 languages vary in their support for
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00377-00092661-00093101 synchronization the iso/iec c standard
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00378-00093102-00093299 provides a standard mutual exclusion
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00379-00093300-00093773 locks api since c 11 the current iso/iec
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00380-00093774-00094016 c++ standard supports threading
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00381-00094017-00094404 facilities since c++ 11 the openmp
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00382-00094405-00094635 standard is supported by some compilers
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00383-00094636-00094829 and allows critical sections to be
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00384-00094830-00095231 specified using pragmas the POS IXP
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00385-00095232-00095579 thread api provides loc support visual
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00386-00095580-00095847 c++ provides the synchronized attribute
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00387-00095848-00096050 of methods to be synchronized but this
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00388-00096051-00096234 is specific to comm objects in the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00389-00096235-00096479 windows architecture and visual c++
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00390-00096480-00096887 compiler C and C++ can easily access any
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00391-00096888-00097219 native operating system locking features
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00392-00097220-00097466 objective-c provides the key word at
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00393-00097467-00097655 synchronized to put locks on blocks of
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00394-00097656-00097898 code and also provides the classes NS
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00395-00097899-00098174 lock NS recursive lock an NS condition
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00396-00098175-00098385 lock along with the NS locking protocol
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00397-00098386-00098744 for locking as well c-sharp provides the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00398-00098745-00098948 lock keyword on a thread to ensure its
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00399-00098949-00099315 exclusive access to a resource vb.net
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00400-00099316-00099548 provides a sync lock key word like
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00401-00099549-00099915 c-sharp s lock key word Java provides
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00402-00099916-00100146 the keyword synchronized to lock code
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00403-00100147-00100382 blocks methods or objects and libraries
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00404-00100383-00100574 featuring concurrency safe data
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00405-00100575-00100923 structures Python provides a low-level
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00406-00100924-00101160 mutex mechanism with a lock clasp from
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00407-00101161-00101480 threading module Ruby provides a
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00408-00101481-00101767 low-level mutex object and no key word
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00409-00101768-00102078 ADA provides protected objects that have
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00410-00102079-00102273 visible protected sub programs or
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00411-00102274-00102651 entries as well as rendezvous x86
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00412-00102652-00102866 assembly provides the lock prefix on
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00413-00102867-00103071 certain operations to guarantee their
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00414-00103072-00103439 atomicity PHP provides a file-based
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00415-00103440-00103701 locking as well as a mutex class in the
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00416-00103702-00104319 P threads extension
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00417-00104320-00105160 topic see also critical section double
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00418-00105161-00105632 check locking file locking lock free and
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00419-00105633-00105946 wait free algorithms monitor
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00420-00105947-00106369 synchronization mutual exclusion
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00421-00106370-00106727 read/write lock pattern semaphore
+IjROd4MQ9rE-00422-00106728-00107003 programming
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00000-00000028-00000284 here we're asked to express each of the
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00001-00000285-00000553 following as an improper fraction using
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00002-00000554-00000853 our calculator as needed and I included
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00003-00000855-00001043 the definition or vocabulary of
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00004-00001044-00001337 fractions an improper fraction is a
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00005-00001338-00001577 fraction where the numerator is larger
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00006-00001578-00001927 than the denominator improper fractions
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00007-00001928-00002143 are the only fractions that can be
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00008-00002144-00002443 written as mixed numbers so what we have
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00009-00002444-00002734 here are a set of mixed numbers this
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00010-00002735-00002941 last one may not look like a mixed
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00011-00002942-00003263 number but it can be written as a mixed
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00012-00003264-00003538 number technically but let's start with
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00013-00003539-00003851 2 and 1/4 let's try to understand what
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00014-00003852-00004040 that's going to be as an improper
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00015-00004040-00004379 fraction and let's use a diagram to help
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00016-00004380-00004836 us so I'm going to draw blocks that are
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00017-00004837-00005431 divided into 4 pieces and I'm gonna get
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00018-00005432-00006029 those ready so if I look at shading to
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00019-00006030-00006295 represent 2 and 1/4 so just pretend like
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00020-00006296-00006944 all those are equal so there's one if I
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00021-00006945-00007400 shade one block with four pieces shade
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00022-00007401-00007635 all of those there's another one and
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00023-00007636-00008158 there's the 1/4 so God gives me 2 and
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00024-00008159-00008696 1/4 so let's count the number of fourths
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00025-00008697-00009148 so there's 4 here 4 here that's 8 plus 1
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00026-00009149-00009539 that's 9 now let's see if we can come up
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00027-00009540-00009746 with a process it doesn't involve
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00028-00009747-00010049 drawing a lot of these pictures because
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00029-00010050-00010235 I can get kind of tedious when we have
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00030-00010236-00010652 larger numbers if I'm dividing my shapes
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00031-00010653-00010973 into fourths then notice that I'm
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00032-00010974-00011335 multiplying 2 times 4 because those are
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00033-00011336-00011798 2 full sets of 4 shaded so that gives me
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00034-00011799-00012134 2 times 4 is 8 and then I'm adding one
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00035-00012135-00012560 more that gives me 9 so if I had just
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00036-00012561-00013108 multiplied 2 times 4 multiplied and then
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00037-00013109-00013363 add
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00038-00013365-00013672 one that would give me my improper
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00039-00013673-00013991 fraction of nine over four let's use our
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00040-00013991-00014255 calculator to help us check and then we
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00041-00014256-00014594 can work the rest of these using our
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00042-00014594-00015061 process so to use my calculator to enter
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00043-00015062-00015266 two and one fourths I'm going to do it
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00044-00015266-00015871 this way too so I have two whole plus
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00045-00015872-00016321 the fraction part two plus one-fourth
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00046-00016322-00016694 enter notice it gives me a decimal which
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00047-00016695-00016897 we're not dealing with right now but we
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00048-00016898-00017134 want our calculator to help us convert
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00049-00017135-00017425 this to an improper fraction so I'm
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00050-00017426-00017855 going to press math and notice that the
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00051-00017856-00018224 first option is this little arrow which
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00052-00018225-00018571 means to convert whatever I have to
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00053-00018572-00019114 fraction so I'm gonna press ENTER and
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00054-00019115-00019405 I'm gonna press ENTER again and that's
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00055-00019406-00019594 going to give me an improper fraction
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00056-00019595-00019949 nine over four and that confirms what we
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00057-00019950-00020212 found here so I can either use my
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00058-00020213-00020621 calculator but that process by hand is
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00059-00020622-00020911 to first multiply the whole number times
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00060-00020912-00021239 the denominator of the fraction then add
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00061-00021240-00021608 the numerator placing the result over
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00062-00021609-00021859 the denominator let's try that with Part
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00063-00021860-00023344 B 12 times 3 is 36 plus 1 is 37 over 3
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00064-00023345-00023675 so my improper fraction for 12 and 1/3
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00065-00023676-00024058 is 37 thirds let's try that on the
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00066-00024059-00024859 calculator 12 plus 1/3 I'm going to
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00067-00024860-00025133 enter it's gonna give me a decimal then
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00068-00025134-00025328 before I do anything else I'm going to
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00069-00025329-00025756 press math and then option number one is
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00070-00025757-00026081 to convert the last thing I have on my
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00071-00026082-00026537 screen to a fraction then I press ENTER
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00072-00026538-00026727 again it gives me third
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00073-00026727-00027002 seven over three so that confirms our
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00074-00027004-00027389 result let's move on to Part C I have
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00075-00027391-00027864 one in 1/5 if I use my process 1 times 5
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00076-00027864-00028410 is 5 plus 1 gives me 6 over the
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00077-00028411-00028776 denominator 5 I'm going to check on my
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00078-00028777-00029433 calculator 1 plus 1 divided by 5 that's
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00079-00029433-00029802 going to give me a decimal press math
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00080-00029802-00030290 and then enter option 1 and then enter
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00081-00030291-00030633 again gives me 6 over 5 and that
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00082-00030633-00031119 confirms my result Part D is kind of a
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00083-00031120-00031461 special case because I have a whole
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00084-00031462-00031935 number and I have no idea how many parts
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00085-00031936-00032217 any of my shadings would be divided into
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00086-00032218-00032414 I could divide them into really any
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00087-00032416-00032748 number of parts so this one is a little
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00088-00032749-00032973 bit artificial but it's important to
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00089-00032974-00033375 understand that any whole number can be
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00090-00033376-00033740 written as a fraction if we write that
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00091-00033741-00034230 number over one so it's not technically
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00092-00034231-00034542 a mixed number because I would need to
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00093-00034543-00034959 have you know something over here but
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00094-00034960-00035240 what this illustrates is that I can
+IkzGNHz_qhc-00095-00035241-00035841 write a whole number as a fraction
+IluO6rFuozo-00000-00000000-00002884 foreign
+IluO6rFuozo-00002-00006162-00007991 foreign
+IluO6rFuozo-00003-00007992-00010787 foreign
+IluO6rFuozo-00004-00010788-00012514 foreign
+IluO6rFuozo-00005-00012515-00013894 [Music]
+IluO6rFuozo-00006-00013895-00014266 foreign
+IluO6rFuozo-00007-00014268-00015065 [Music]
+IluO6rFuozo-00008-00015066-00017789 foreign
+IluO6rFuozo-00009-00017790-00018193 hello
+IluO6rFuozo-00010-00018194-00018533 my name is
+IluO6rFuozo-00011-00018534-00020603 [Music]
+IluO6rFuozo-00012-00020604-00021250 foreign
+IluO6rFuozo-00013-00021251-00021551 foreign
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00000-00000248-00000526 good afternoon everyone and welcome to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00001-00000527-00000911 another joint eol raoul seminar
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00002-00000911-00001103 it is my pleasure to introduce our
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00003-00001104-00001399 speaker dr heiss deboer who is a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00004-00001400-00001639 research scientist at ceres in colorado
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00005-00001639-00001918 university and at noaa's physical
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00006-00001919-00002175 sciences lab here in boulder
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00007-00002176-00002350 heise is well known in the atmospheric
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00008-00002351-00002550 science department at the university of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00009-00002551-00002871 wisconsin-madison where he received both
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00010-00002872-00003150 his masters and phd
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00011-00003151-00003431 currently at colorado university dr
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00012-00003432-00003647 deboer is the chief scientist of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00013-00003647-00003895 integrated remote and in-situ sensing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00014-00003896-00004159 group where his research focus is in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00015-00004160-00004447 high latitude environments studying
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00016-00004448-00004686 applications of unmanned aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00017-00004687-00004991 systems for atmospheric research aerosol
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00018-00004992-00005286 cloud interactions in cloud in arctic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00019-00005287-00005606 clouds and process studies in arctic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00020-00005607-00005854 cloud formation and life cycle
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00021-00005855-00006079 with his interest in arctic in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00022-00006080-00006343 arctic atmosphere it is no surprise that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00023-00006344-00006591 heiss is on the international arctic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00024-00006592-00006831 science committee as our national
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00025-00006831-00007191 academies of sciences us delegate among
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00026-00007192-00007342 other committees that focus on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00027-00007343-00007614 atmospheric science in the high latitude
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00028-00007615-00007759 environment
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00029-00007759-00007959 his latest paper was published in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00030-00007959-00008151 bulletin of american meteorological
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00031-00008152-00008423 society on the capabilities and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00032-00008424-00008655 development of unmanned aircraft to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00033-00008656-00008846 study the atmosphere
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00034-00008847-00009142 and this leads us to his seminar
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00035-00009143-00009487 topic entitled robotic revolution recent
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00036-00009488-00009767 work in earth system observing with
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00037-00009768-00010055 remotely piloted aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00038-00010056-00010295 we are using slido to pose questions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00039-00010296-00010478 which you can ask at any time during the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00040-00010479-00010742 seminar the slider window is located
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00041-00010743-00011014 below this presentation screen do not
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00042-00011015-00011238 panic if you do not see your question
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00043-00011239-00011510 pop up we are archiving all questions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00044-00011511-00011678 until the end of the speaker's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00045-00011679-00011919 presentation where they will be revealed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00046-00011920-00012255 during the q a portion of the talk
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00047-00012256-00012614 dr heist deboer we welcome you to eol
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00048-00012615-00012902 and rao and the virtual stage is now
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00049-00012903-00013286 yours
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00050-00013287-00013471 great thank you um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00051-00013472-00013647 i'm muting and starting video here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00052-00013647-00013894 thanks very much for the wonderful
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00053-00013895-00014086 introduction jackie i appreciate that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00054-00014087-00014327 and thanks everybody for being here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00055-00014328-00014519 um it's really great to be able to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00056-00014519-00014686 present to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00057-00014687-00014919 the empire community and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00058-00014919-00015047 it's unfortunate of course we can't do
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00059-00015047-00015247 it in person but i'm happy to happy and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00060-00015247-00015535 excited to share some of our recent work
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00061-00015536-00015727 as was mentioned in the introduction i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00062-00015728-00015903 wear a lot of different hats
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00063-00015904-00016191 primarily at the university of colorado
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00064-00016191-00016311 i will say
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00065-00016312-00016527 quickly one hat that i wear that wasn't
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00066-00016528-00016743 mentioned but is represented in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00067-00016744-00016958 bottom right there is that i'm
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00068-00016959-00017111 founder of a small consulting firm
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00069-00017112-00017286 called glorious consulting
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00070-00017287-00017430 and the reason i bring that up is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00071-00017431-00017550 because one of the companies that i've
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00072-00017551-00017679 worked with in that capacity is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00073-00017680-00017871 blackswift technologies
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00074-00017872-00018047 who are here in boulder
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00075-00018048-00018135 and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00076-00018136-00018222 you'll see their name in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00077-00018223-00018455 presentation i think i provide that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00078-00018456-00018703 information in an unbiased way but just
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00079-00018704-00018894 from the perspective of full disclosure
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00080-00018895-00019022 i want to make sure that everyone is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00081-00019023-00019199 aware of the work that i've done with
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00082-00019200-00019455 them in the past
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00083-00019456-00019694 so to get started here i wanted to start
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00084-00019695-00019871 with just a little bit of background on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00085-00019872-00019999 my
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00086-00020000-00020222 research history as was mentioned in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00087-00020223-00020486 introduction i've been focused on high
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00088-00020487-00020655 latitude environments for quite some
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00089-00020656-00020822 time now since my time in graduate
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00090-00020823-00020958 school
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00091-00020959-00021078 and um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00092-00021079-00021247 one of the things that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00093-00021248-00021358 i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00094-00021359-00021591 spent a lot of time trying to understand
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00095-00021592-00021863 was the the kind of dynamics and physics
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00096-00021864-00022143 of mixed phase stratiform clouds in high
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00097-00022144-00022375 latitude environments and it was about
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00098-00022376-00022607 10 years ago that i was working with
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00099-00022608-00022894 colleagues at npr and noaa and elsewhere
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00100-00022895-00023071 to develop a review paper for nature
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00101-00023072-00023303 geoscience that talked about the really
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00102-00023304-00023511 complex web of interactions that come
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00103-00023512-00023711 together to support the life cycle of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00104-00023712-00023911 these types of clouds
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00105-00023912-00024103 and in the process you know we were
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00106-00024104-00024214 developing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00107-00024215-00024383 these nice nice figures like the one
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00108-00024384-00024607 that's on the screen here um and then
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00109-00024608-00024807 really trying to document our state of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00110-00024808-00024950 knowledge and the the things that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00111-00024951-00025175 knew and we didn't know and in doing so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00112-00025176-00025414 it became really clear to me
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00113-00025415-00025599 that we didn't necessarily have all of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00114-00025600-00025822 the perspectives that we needed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00115-00025823-00025911 to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00116-00025912-00026134 fully address the questions we might
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00117-00026135-00026287 have about
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00118-00026288-00026479 the these clouds and and what makes them
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00119-00026480-00026662 tick and so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00120-00026663-00026839 looking at some of the you know really
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00121-00026839-00027135 important processes and and physics of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00122-00027136-00027399 the situation thinking about um the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00123-00027400-00027527 thermodynamic structure of the lower
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00124-00027527-00027758 atmosphere and its evolution
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00125-00027760-00027974 um which you know we were used to having
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00126-00027975-00028174 radiosondes every six or 12 hours if
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00127-00028175-00028295 you're lucky
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00128-00028295-00028455 and trying to guess at what was going on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00129-00028456-00028631 in between
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00130-00028632-00028918 things like the the dynamics of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00131-00028919-00029118 cloud and the turbulence generated by
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00132-00029119-00029302 the cloud layer where we had some
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00133-00029304-00029527 limited remotely sensed measurements but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00134-00029527-00029702 not nearly enough to really close in all
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00135-00029704-00029927 the gaps um information on the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00136-00029927-00030087 precipitation
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00137-00030088-00030262 the radiation and the the radial
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00138-00030263-00030446 structure of the clouds
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00139-00030447-00030687 the spatial variability of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00140-00030688-00030895 the near surface you know turbulent
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00141-00030895-00031111 fluxes and other terms of the surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00142-00031112-00031343 energy budget like albedo for example
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00143-00031344-00031574 and uh perhaps one of the more important
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00144-00031575-00031702 ones is the vertical structure of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00145-00031703-00031879 aerosol particles
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00146-00031880-00032070 that can impact the microphysics of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00147-00032072-00032270 these clouds and so it was in that that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00148-00032272-00032462 thinking state that i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00149-00032463-00032670 started to stumble upon other ways in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00150-00032672-00032855 which we might observe the atmosphere
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00151-00032856-00032967 and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00152-00032968-00033159 while i don't remember exactly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00153-00033160-00033311 all the steps that led to this i think
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00154-00033312-00033487 one day i was thinking about you know
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00155-00033488-00033607 how cool it would be if we could just
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00156-00033608-00033751 instrument some birds that were up there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00157-00033752-00033887 anyway
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00158-00033888-00034102 because some of the other assets that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00159-00034103-00034335 had available to us like large uh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00160-00034336-00034518 research aircraft just weren't
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00161-00034519-00034718 necessarily practical
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00162-00034719-00034974 both from a cost perspective as well as
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00163-00034975-00035255 from the perspective of flying in what
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00164-00035256-00035471 could be a fairly dangerous environment
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00165-00035472-00035735 in in icing conditions at low altitude
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00166-00035736-00035935 and and that's kind of where my my
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00167-00035936-00036215 thinking started moving towards um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00168-00036216-00036399 drones or uncrewed aircraft systems
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00169-00036400-00036511 which is what the rest of this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00170-00036512-00036774 presentation will be about
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00171-00036775-00036927 um just to start with a bit of a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00172-00036928-00037071 definition here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00173-00037072-00037287 um you know when you say the word drones
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00174-00037288-00037423 a lot of different people have different
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00175-00037424-00037607 thoughts on what that means and i'm sure
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00176-00037608-00037783 even in this audience you know people
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00177-00037784-00038062 have a pretty good perspective on the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00178-00038063-00038207 sorts of platforms we might be talking
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00179-00038208-00038407 about but there's a huge range of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00180-00038408-00038574 different platforms and you see in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00181-00038575-00038846 top image there um that's me all six
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00182-00038847-00038974 foot four of me in front of the nasa
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00183-00038975-00039215 global hawk uh which is a very large
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00184-00039216-00039430 aircraft one that um and car is quite
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00185-00039431-00039639 familiar with due to instrumentation
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00186-00039640-00039830 that's been developed for that platform
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00187-00039831-00040007 um that's that's an aircraft of course
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00188-00040008-00040159 that's kind of on one extreme on the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00189-00040160-00040359 high altitude long endurance side of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00190-00040360-00040646 things um not necessarily the best
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00191-00040647-00040911 platform for detailed studies of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00192-00040912-00041062 boundary layer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00193-00041063-00041215 and on the other end we have these kind
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00194-00041216-00041462 of consumer drones that are commonly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00195-00041463-00041630 available i'm guessing some of you have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00196-00041631-00041790 these types of systems that are quite
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00197-00041791-00042055 light small and compact and easy to fly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00198-00042056-00042318 like the dji system that's in the bottom
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00199-00042319-00042462 picture there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00200-00042463-00042767 those also have their place but um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00201-00042768-00042943 not necessarily exactly what we're
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00202-00042944-00043183 looking for uh with respect to being
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00203-00043184-00043383 able to instrument them with a variety
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00204-00043384-00043567 of different sensors and types of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00205-00043568-00043735 packages to help us understand the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00206-00043736-00043958 atmosphere and so the presentation here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00207-00043959-00044318 focuses on what are called small uas
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00208-00044319-00044623 these are typically on the scale of you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00209-00044624-00044879 know a half meter to a couple meters in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00210-00044880-00045143 size um both including fixed swing and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00211-00045144-00045367 multi-rotor platforms and are by
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00212-00045368-00045567 definition and the weight class between
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00213-00045568-00045879 about 0.5 5 and 55 pounds
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00214-00045880-00046023 um so that's that's really going to be
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00215-00046024-00046199 the focus of what i'm talking about
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00216-00046200-00046446 today is that scale of platform and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00217-00046447-00046615 those platforms have some very distinct
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00218-00046616-00046735 advantages
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00219-00046736-00046855 for example
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00220-00046856-00047039 they have a very small operational
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00221-00047040-00047239 footprint this is a video of us
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00222-00047240-00047462 launching one of our raven systems off
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00223-00047463-00047574 of a beach
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00224-00047575-00047855 in barbados because we're there to study
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00225-00047856-00048062 clouds i'll talk more about that later
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00226-00048063-00048207 but you can see that it doesn't take
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00227-00048208-00048479 much space or many people to operate
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00228-00048480-00048639 these aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00229-00048640-00048823 i'll let that video go one more time you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00230-00048824-00048951 can see here we're using a bungee
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00231-00048952-00049095 launcher
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00232-00049096-00049343 and a tent to house our laptop and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00233-00049344-00049455 equipment
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00234-00049456-00049551 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00235-00049552-00049679 that makes them
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00236-00049680-00049855 easy to deploy in a variety of areas it
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00237-00049856-00050151 makes them quite transportable it also
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00238-00050152-00050286 means that they're relatively
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00239-00050287-00050446 inexpensive to operate and what
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00240-00050447-00050655 relatively inexpensive means
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00241-00050656-00050855 is different to different people as well
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00242-00050856-00050927 but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00243-00050928-00051127 i would argue that for the amount of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00244-00051128-00051263 data that you can collect with one of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00245-00051264-00051502 these systems the time in the field is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00246-00051503-00051838 is relatively inexpensive
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00247-00051839-00051975 they're also highly portable i mentioned
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00248-00051976-00052126 that earlier here's an example of us
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00249-00052127-00052311 launching one of these systems off the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00250-00052312-00052559 top of the tractor vehicles that iris
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00251-00052560-00052935 has for specifically this purpose um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00252-00052936-00053126 they're also great outreach tools and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00253-00053127-00053238 you can see
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00254-00053239-00053407 the guy giving the thumbs up there with
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00255-00053408-00053550 the beer shirt on i should tell him not
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00256-00053551-00053663 to wear that next time he's an
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00257-00053664-00053871 undergraduate student um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00258-00053872-00054119 that was deployed with us at this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00259-00054120-00054415 particular campaign um these platforms
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00260-00054416-00054615 are really great for engaging students
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00261-00054616-00054838 for engaging early career scientists and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00262-00054839-00055023 for engaging the general public
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00263-00055024-00055319 they tend to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00264-00055320-00055494 captivate people's imagination and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00265-00055495-00055735 provide pathways for discussions on what
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00266-00055736-00055999 it is we're doing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00267-00056000-00056142 in addition to those things these
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00268-00056144-00056271 platforms are also nice from the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00269-00056272-00056430 perspective that they're relatively slow
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00270-00056432-00056671 flying and this is onboard camera from a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00271-00056672-00056975 raven flying over coastal wisconsin um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00272-00056976-00057230 we operate this platform between
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00273-00057232-00057391 approximately
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00274-00057391-00057638 15 to 20 meters per second
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00275-00057639-00057782 sometimes a little faster if there's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00276-00057783-00057959 high wind environments
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00277-00057960-00058094 and some people might see that as a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00278-00058095-00058366 disadvantage but quite frankly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00279-00058367-00058607 for us it provides us an opportunity to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00280-00058608-00058911 get much higher resolution measurements
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00281-00058912-00059150 of the phenomena of interest and so when
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00282-00059151-00059366 you're flying at this sort of a velocity
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00283-00059367-00059582 with uh sensitive sensors that have a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00284-00059583-00059726 high response time
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00285-00059727-00059926 you get down to centimeter scales uh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00286-00059927-00060094 which can be really nice and something
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00287-00060095-00060271 that's really difficult to achieve
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00288-00060272-00060679 through other means
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00289-00060679-00060823 and then finally the thing i'll say
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00290-00060824-00060991 about these types of platforms i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00291-00060991-00061142 mentioned earlier that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00292-00061144-00061479 we didn't necessarily like to fly people
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00293-00061479-00061575 into some
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00294-00061576-00061863 types of environments this is video of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00295-00061864-00062126 one of the other iris aircraft flying in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00296-00062127-00062382 severe weather in the midwest
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00297-00062383-00062582 trying to understand the dynamics of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00298-00062583-00062894 rear flank of the supercell and you know
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00299-00062895-00063015 clearly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00300-00063016-00063166 there are places where we don't want to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00301-00063167-00063415 put people's lives at risk that would be
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00302-00063416-00063726 most places uh or any places and so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00303-00063727-00064006 these types of platforms um can be
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00304-00064007-00064166 operated safely in high-risk
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00305-00064167-00064430 environments uh with some planning and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00306-00064432-00064654 so they offer opportunities to make
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00307-00064655-00064791 measurements in places where we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00308-00064791-00064975 otherwise wouldn't necessarily be able
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00309-00064976-00065230 to send airborne platforms for institute
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00310-00065232-00065591 sensing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00311-00065592-00065719 i wish i could tell you that i was the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00312-00065720-00065887 first person to think of all this um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00313-00065888-00066103 clearly i wasn't there were many people
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00314-00066104-00066335 before me that started to leverage small
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00315-00066336-00066543 uas for atmospheric research and i just
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00316-00066544-00066735 have a few examples here on the screen
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00317-00066736-00067047 as an aside i'll say i'm more happy to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00318-00067048-00067231 have all these pictures be black and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00319-00067232-00067359 white because it makes it look really
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00320-00067360-00067543 old but you know some of this stuff
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00321-00067544-00067806 wasn't too long ago in the 80s and 90s
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00322-00067807-00067943 where people started leveraging these
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00323-00067944-00068087 types of platforms and instrumenting
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00324-00068088-00068231 them to understand
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00325-00068232-00068431 things like thermodynamic structure and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00326-00068432-00068791 turbulence in the lower atmosphere um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00327-00068792-00069038 having said that we are in the process
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00328-00069039-00069126 of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00329-00069127-00069223 what i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00330-00069224-00069503 consider to be um a bit of a revolution
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00331-00069504-00069631 i think it's the golden age of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00332-00069632-00069855 miniaturization we have you know
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00333-00069856-00070006 computers in our pockets with our cell
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00334-00070007-00070167 phones we have sensors i'm wearing a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00335-00070168-00070335 watch right now that can tell me
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00336-00070336-00070494 everything i want to know about how well
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00337-00070495-00070831 my run went earlier today so we have a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00338-00070832-00071055 lot of technological advancement that is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00339-00071056-00071375 pushing us in the direction of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00340-00071376-00071575 greater capabilities with small things
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00341-00071576-00071711 and so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00342-00071712-00071950 we stand to benefit from that from the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00343-00071951-00072191 perspective of small uas because people
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00344-00072192-00072359 have been working hard to develop new
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00345-00072360-00072503 sensor systems
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00346-00072504-00072743 new autopilot systems new communication
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00347-00072744-00073015 systems etc that all can be leveraged
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00348-00073016-00073223 for this type of research
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00349-00073224-00073415 and so with this backdrop i was
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00350-00073416-00073615 fortunate in that when i started my
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00351-00073616-00073735 position here at the university of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00352-00073736-00073855 colorado
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00353-00073856-00074111 about 10 years ago
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00354-00074112-00074375 the timing was right i would say to jump
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00355-00074376-00074567 into some of this type of research and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00356-00074568-00074823 the environment was great as well and um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00357-00074824-00075015 i i would be
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00358-00075016-00075279 doing a lot of people a disservice if i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00359-00075280-00075471 didn't recognize the fact that the work
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00360-00075472-00075582 that i'm going to show and the rest of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00361-00075583-00075815 this presentation is the result of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00362-00075816-00076031 collaborations with a wide variety of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00363-00076032-00076247 people um the boulder contingent of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00364-00076248-00076367 which is kind of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00365-00076368-00076519 pictured here you probably see some
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00366-00076520-00076759 familiar faces from from encarb as well
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00367-00076760-00076926 as from other areas
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00368-00076927-00077015 and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00369-00077016-00077175 you know we've had support from a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00370-00077176-00077326 variety of funding agencies and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00371-00077327-00077535 institutions to help develop some of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00372-00077536-00077799 these tools and techniques and um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00373-00077800-00077903 i think we're just scratching the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00374-00077904-00078038 surface there's a lot more that can be
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00375-00078039-00078326 done there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00376-00078327-00078662 so jumping into the early campaigns um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00377-00078663-00078782 i think i was
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00378-00078783-00078950 excited you know i had an arctic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00379-00078951-00079159 research background and i decided that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00380-00079160-00079335 the best place to start doing this would
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00381-00079336-00079511 be in the arctic and there were there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00382-00079512-00079775 were reasons to think that would be true
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00383-00079776-00079950 one is that the department of energy had
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00384-00079951-00080103 just stood up a new
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00385-00080104-00080279 observational site at a place called
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00386-00080280-00080431 elliptic point on the north slope of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00387-00080432-00080671 alaska a little bit west or east excuse
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00388-00080672-00080926 me of the africa which is formerly known
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00389-00080927-00081238 as barrow electric point has with it
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00390-00081239-00081494 restricted airspace both directly over
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00391-00081495-00081662 the site and a warning area that extends
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00392-00081663-00081903 far offshore and so from the perspective
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00393-00081904-00082094 of you know regulations and interactions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00394-00082095-00082303 with the faa this was very easy of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00395-00082304-00082471 course that comes along with interacting
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00396-00082472-00082687 with doe to demonstrate all the safety
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00397-00082688-00082894 issues there but um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00398-00082895-00083111 we we took our platforms
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00399-00083112-00083303 as part of a campaign called erasmus
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00400-00083304-00083471 that was kind of the first proposed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00401-00083472-00083791 campaign um to the north slope uh in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00402-00083792-00083950 2015
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00403-00083951-00084071 and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00404-00084072-00084311 learned a lot frankly we we did a lot of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00405-00084312-00084487 flying you can see the statistics on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00406-00084488-00084623 flight hours and number of flights on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00407-00084624-00084838 the right-hand side there um our flights
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00408-00084839-00085015 range between april and october
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00409-00085016-00085206 typically um we didn't really find the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00410-00085207-00085406 winter season in the dark
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00411-00085407-00085503 but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00412-00085504-00085631 learned a lot about flying in harsh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00413-00085632-00085871 environments about icing about operating
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00414-00085872-00086182 your bears um working in the vicinity of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00415-00086183-00086382 a strong air force radar a lot of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00416-00086383-00086543 lessons learned
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00417-00086544-00086743 from a scientific perspective you see
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00418-00086744-00086887 the three questions in the bottom right
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00419-00086888-00086991 here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00420-00086992-00087215 with respect to low-level temperature
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00421-00087216-00087367 and moisture structure and their
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00422-00087368-00087567 relationship to clouds
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00423-00087568-00087726 the vertical structure of aerosol
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00424-00087727-00087831 properties
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00425-00087832-00087911 and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00426-00087912-00088071 the performance of our remote sensing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00427-00088072-00088231 retrievals those are the things that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00428-00088232-00088406 propose to go after and it would i think
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00429-00088407-00088647 this work was successful in the in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00430-00088648-00088855 sense that it did address some of these
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00431-00088856-00089126 questions um it also helped to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00432-00089127-00089311 facilitate the re
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00433-00089312-00089582 uh adoption of this sort of technology
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00434-00089583-00089726 within the department of energy's arm
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00435-00089727-00089838 program
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00436-00089839-00090062 and um that that continues today
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00437-00090063-00090206 although maybe not in the same form that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00438-00090207-00090447 we introduced it
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00439-00090448-00090647 so just a few examples of the sorts of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00440-00090648-00090815 measurements we were making you know
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00441-00090816-00091071 thinking specifically about the arctic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00442-00091072-00091199 boundary layer structure or lower
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00443-00091200-00091367 atmospheric structure here's a nice
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00444-00091368-00091662 example of a crisp clear october day
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00445-00091663-00091806 right as the sea ice is starting to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00446-00091807-00092087 freeze up you can see in the top left
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00447-00092088-00092247 this is an image from aboard the data
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00448-00092248-00092406 hawk as we were flying over the runway
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00449-00092407-00092615 at a lake tuck point
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00450-00092616-00092782 we had a very strong near surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00451-00092783-00093023 temperature inversion and just as an
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00452-00093024-00093199 introduction to the data hawk itself the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00453-00093200-00093382 picture on the top right shows the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00454-00093383-00093638 platform and the sensors that we carry
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00455-00093639-00093743 on board
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00456-00093744-00093991 this includes an autopilot system
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00457-00093992-00094191 developed at the university of colorado
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00458-00094192-00094350 along with fine wire array that was
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00459-00094351-00094535 developed at cu
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00460-00094536-00094679 and then some
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00461-00094680-00094862 sensors to sense
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00462-00094863-00095031 pressure temperature humidity in this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00463-00095032-00095182 case it's a visor sensor it hasn't
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00464-00095183-00095391 always been a visual sensor we've also
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00465-00095392-00095647 flown sensors from imet and other
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00466-00095648-00095799 companies
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00467-00095800-00096031 but for this particular day the bottom
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00468-00096032-00096223 figure shows the sampling that we were
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00469-00096224-00096391 doing and you can see we were very
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00470-00096392-00096526 focused on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00471-00096527-00096903 the layer between about let's call it 30
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00472-00096904-00097174 and 150 meters or 200 meters where we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00473-00097175-00097335 saw these really strong temperature
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00474-00097336-00097526 inversions in place
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00475-00097527-00097694 we did also conduct a couple of low
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00476-00097695-00097894 altitude flights you can see here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00477-00097895-00098118 and here assuming you can see my mouse
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00478-00098119-00098303 just after nine and right around
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00479-00098304-00098647 midnight um those were geared at looking
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00480-00098648-00098831 at near surface fluxes so we're flying
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00481-00098832-00099038 at 20 meters in this case right over the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00482-00099039-00099150 sea ice
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00483-00099151-00099318 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00484-00099319-00099471 from an evolution perspective the next
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00485-00099472-00099662 day was quite different we had low cloud
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00486-00099663-00099799 cover and you can see the thermodynamic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00487-00099800-00100047 structure evolved quite dramatically
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00488-00100048-00100303 we had now a warming surface or a warm
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00489-00100304-00100582 surface from the presence of the cloud
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00490-00100583-00100767 and additional wind which created a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00491-00100768-00100903 shear driven mixed layer near the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00492-00100904-00101079 surface and we had a cloud-driven mix
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00493-00101080-00101294 layer aloft with the remnants of that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00494-00101295-00101487 inversion here and so this is the sort
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00495-00101488-00101655 of documentation that we were hoping to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00496-00101656-00101782 accomplish
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00497-00101783-00102023 to evaluate whether modeling tools can
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00498-00102024-00102287 get some of these transitions correct or
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00499-00102288-00102558 whether they might want to mix out the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00500-00102559-00102686 entire lower atmosphere with the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00501-00102688-00102799 presence of a cloud and these are
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00502-00102800-00102942 questions we're still working to answer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00503-00102943-00103134 and i don't have answers to right now
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00504-00103135-00103366 but these data support those types of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00505-00103367-00103671 analyses
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00506-00103672-00103854 switching gears just a little bit a few
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00507-00103855-00104030 years ago there was a nice paper that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00508-00104031-00104190 peter sullivan and co-authors put
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00509-00104191-00104390 together looking at the structure of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00510-00104391-00104590 stable boundary layers and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00511-00104591-00104790 in that modeling study it was found that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00512-00104791-00104975 there were these temperature fronts that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00513-00104976-00105231 came through the domain where we have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00514-00105232-00105478 these random kind of mixed turbulent
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00515-00105479-00105647 structures
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00516-00105648-00105839 kind of process through in time and so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00517-00105840-00106015 we were curious for the cases where we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00518-00106016-00106166 had these nice stable boundary layer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00519-00106167-00106502 conditions whether we were able to see
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00520-00106503-00106710 similar structures and sure enough
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00521-00106711-00106966 on analysis this is just an example from
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00522-00106967-00107110 one of the flights that i showed you in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00523-00107111-00107319 the previous figure you can see very
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00524-00107320-00107551 clearly these well-mixed structures that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00525-00107552-00107695 are vecting through
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00526-00107696-00107910 and so currently brian butterworth who
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00527-00107911-00108151 is a research scientist working with my
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00528-00108152-00108383 team here at the no physical sciences
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00529-00108383-00108543 laboratory is digging into these cases
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00530-00108544-00108766 in more detail to better understand what
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00531-00108767-00108958 drives these structures and drives their
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00532-00108959-00109071 evolution
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00533-00109072-00109271 and at first glimpse it looks like there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00534-00109272-00109447 are strong connections to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00535-00109448-00109743 the presence of a low-level jet and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00536-00109744-00109958 the kind of shear layer that develops at
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00537-00109959-00110278 the interface of that low-level jet
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00538-00110279-00110447 um i talked about aerosol properties
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00539-00110448-00110599 earlier and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00540-00110600-00110847 we were again fortunate to be co-housed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00541-00110848-00111078 with our collaborators in the chemical
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00542-00111079-00111327 sciences laboratory at noaa
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00543-00111328-00111502 and they had just been working to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00544-00111503-00111710 develop a small aerosol
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00545-00111711-00111943 optical spectrometer called the pops
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00546-00111944-00112158 and this is an instrument that we flew
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00547-00112159-00112471 back in 2015 as part of erasmus to get
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00548-00112472-00112631 detailed profiles of the lower
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00549-00112632-00112743 atmosphere
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00550-00112744-00112934 this provides this figure on the bottom
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00551-00112935-00113158 left provides an example of those types
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00552-00113159-00113375 of profiles and you can see the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00553-00113376-00113583 structure that exists with a local
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00554-00113583-00113775 maximum around 250 meters in this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00555-00113776-00113919 particular case
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00556-00113920-00114134 and we leverage these types of data
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00557-00114135-00114383 for our flying activities on the north
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00558-00114383-00114471 slope
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00559-00114472-00114847 this sensor has since been picked up by
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00560-00114848-00115015 the department of energy the arm program
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00561-00115016-00115151 and they've been flying it on their
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00562-00115152-00115319 tethered balloon system as well as on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00563-00115320-00115631 their other aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00564-00115632-00115831 and finally i mentioned uh retrievals
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00565-00115832-00115966 and these are some examples of how our
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00566-00115967-00116166 electronic data were used in that sense
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00567-00116167-00116351 so we have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00568-00116352-00116615 this top figure showing the measured
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00569-00116616-00116815 temperature structure of the atmosphere
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00570-00116816-00117102 relative to retrievals from remote
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00571-00117103-00117310 sensors in this case an airy system that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00572-00117311-00117502 was at the north slope
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00573-00117503-00117686 where the colors are the same at the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00574-00117688-00117895 same altitude the system was performing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00575-00117896-00117975 well
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00576-00117976-00118127 where they're a little bit different you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00577-00118128-00118334 can see their issues like at the end
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00578-00118335-00118534 here for example you can see that the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00579-00118535-00118695 system was reporting slightly warmer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00580-00118696-00118863 temperatures excuse me colder
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00581-00118864-00119015 temperatures than what was actually
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00582-00119016-00119231 measured and we've done similar analyses
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00583-00119232-00119375 as model output in this case for the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00584-00119376-00119502 fully coupled
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00585-00119503-00119727 ice ocean atmosphere model that was
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00586-00119728-00119910 running in a weather forecasting
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00587-00119911-00120327 predictive capability
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00588-00120328-00120478 through some of this early work i also
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00589-00120479-00120695 became entrained in a community that's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00590-00120696-00120919 known as isara this is the international
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00591-00120920-00121095 society for atmospheric research using
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00592-00121096-00121263 remotely piloted aircraft i'm guessing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00593-00121264-00121423 some of you are familiar with this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00594-00121424-00121583 society already
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00595-00121583-00121790 it's a fantastic group that is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00596-00121791-00121999 exclusively focused on using these types
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00597-00122000-00122239 of platforms for atmospheric science
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00598-00122240-00122519 and i was fortunate that in 2018 i was
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00599-00122520-00122719 selected to be the science chair for
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00600-00122720-00122790 this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00601-00122791-00122966 group and we were able to bring the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00602-00122967-00123158 meeting the annual meeting of the team
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00603-00123159-00123454 to boulder and we brought about 150 of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00604-00123455-00123631 the best scientists in this area and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00605-00123632-00123919 engineers as well um to the boulder area
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00606-00123920-00124119 both to have a great you know meeting
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00607-00124120-00124423 and discussion but equally importantly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00608-00124424-00124647 the week following the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00609-00124648-00124966 meeting we had uh what we called a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00610-00124967-00125278 community activity uh a flight week uh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00611-00125279-00125431 which we termed lapse rate which is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00612-00125432-00125599 lower atmospheric profiling studies at
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00613-00125600-00125814 elevation a remotely piloted aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00614-00125815-00126014 team experiment and we took
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00615-00126015-00126254 uh aircraft that were operated by teams
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00616-00126255-00126478 from a variety of u.s institutions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00617-00126479-00126710 including virginia tech oklahoma state
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00618-00126711-00126958 university of oklahoma uh university
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00619-00126959-00127190 nebraska university colorado of course
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00620-00127191-00127439 and blacksmith technologies out into the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00621-00127440-00127534 field
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00622-00127535-00127766 and um we flew
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00623-00127767-00128014 the wings off of these platforms
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00624-00128015-00128151 and i say that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00625-00128152-00128302 largely figuratively there might have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00626-00128303-00128454 been one wing that actually came off at
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00627-00128455-00128710 one point but um we flew over a thousand
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00628-00128711-00128863 flight hours in about four and a half
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00629-00128864-00129175 days which was a lot of flying
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00630-00129176-00129471 to be taken out over that amount of time
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00631-00129472-00129639 and we did this in the san luis valley
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00632-00129640-00129839 south central colorado
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00633-00129840-00130014 the map shows our flight locations on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00634-00130015-00130143 the different days
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00635-00130144-00130343 and the image really shows kind of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00636-00130344-00130471 scene down there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00637-00130472-00130727 and we flew with a few specific
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00638-00130728-00130958 loosely organized objectives related to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00639-00130959-00131190 the am boundary layer transition
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00640-00131191-00131390 aerosol properties in the valley
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00641-00131391-00131671 drainage flows and convective initiation
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00642-00131672-00131839 and so just a few examples of the sort
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00643-00131840-00132007 of things that we looked at uh when it
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00644-00132008-00132143 comes to drainage flows there are some
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00645-00132144-00132295 smaller valleys that feed in the san
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00646-00132296-00132439 luis valley
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00647-00132440-00132678 and we operated aircraft particularly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00648-00132679-00132854 the last day of sampling we were very
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00649-00132855-00133135 focused on that specific topic um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00650-00133136-00133327 looking at the kinematic and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00651-00133328-00133502 thermodynamic structure of the drainage
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00652-00133503-00133735 flow so that we can test
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00653-00133736-00133975 some of these kind of 1d and 2d models
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00654-00133976-00134190 of what that flow might look like
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00655-00134191-00134375 this next slide shows some examples of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00656-00134376-00134519 the measurements that we collected
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00657-00134520-00134759 during the campaign
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00658-00134760-00134966 and i won't get into all of the details
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00659-00134967-00135102 here because there's a lot going on but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00660-00135103-00135271 generally it shows some nice
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00661-00135272-00135463 perspectives on the sorts of analyses we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00662-00135464-00135671 can do on the bottom left there you have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00663-00135672-00135799 the theta v
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00664-00135800-00136078 evolution over time of course with the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00665-00136079-00136214 drainage flow in place initially and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00666-00136215-00136414 then converting to a well-mixed lower
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00667-00136415-00136663 atmosphere um the bottom right shows
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00668-00136664-00136807 some of the spatial
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00669-00136808-00136959 information that we can collect with the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00670-00136960-00137223 platforms not just in the vertical plane
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00671-00137224-00137423 but also horizontally and so this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00672-00137424-00137607 vertical axis in these figures is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00673-00137608-00137902 actually the the um distance across the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00674-00137903-00138151 canyon so across the valley uh in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00675-00138152-00138407 sewage valley which is in the upper left
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00676-00138408-00138623 here you can see this narrower valley
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00677-00138624-00138831 that extends into the summer's valley
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00678-00138832-00139047 and here you get to some of the details
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00679-00139048-00139166 on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00680-00139167-00139502 how the horizontal structure of this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00681-00139503-00139743 flow changes over
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00682-00139744-00139951 time as well as over the width of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00683-00139952-00140239 valley
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00684-00140240-00140407 uh we also worked with our colleagues at
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00685-00140408-00140647 empire with um anders jensen and james
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00686-00140648-00140927 pinto to investigate how well these
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00687-00140928-00141247 observations might be used to inform uh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00688-00141248-00141511 forecasting or prediction activities
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00689-00141512-00141783 specifically here we looked at how
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00690-00141784-00142095 integrating observations from the uas
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00691-00142096-00142343 might help to support improved
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00692-00142344-00142535 prediction of the drainage flow
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00693-00142536-00142719 and so you can see on the left hand side
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00694-00142720-00142895 here at two different altitudes 13
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00695-00142896-00143126 meters on the left column and 116 meters
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00696-00143127-00143278 on the right column
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00697-00143279-00143566 the change in the uh predicted
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00698-00143567-00143887 flow probability uh where we have you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00699-00143888-00144119 know without any sort of assimilation of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00700-00144120-00144278 either the surface observations or the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00701-00144279-00144502 uas observations in the top panel the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00702-00144503-00144695 uas observations alone in the second
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00703-00144696-00144919 panels the surface observations alone in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00704-00144920-00145047 the third panels and then the combined
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00705-00145048-00145254 uis and surface and you can see a much
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00706-00145255-00145423 higher probability of that drainage flow
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00707-00145424-00145583 setting up in the simulations where the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00708-00145584-00145799 uas observations were integrated and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00709-00145800-00145935 that bears
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00710-00145936-00146159 through in this right hand comparison as
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00711-00146160-00146478 well where um we have lidar data to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00712-00146479-00146726 compare to and you can see that without
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00713-00146727-00146895 bringing the uas in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00714-00146896-00147119 the model was not really able to set up
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00715-00147120-00147278 any sort of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00716-00147279-00147959 stronger drainage flow in this area
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00717-00147960-00148078 another thing that we did during lapse
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00718-00148079-00148287 rate was a lot of system inner
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00719-00148288-00148471 comparison and this was a primary
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00720-00148472-00148678 objective where we had some
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00721-00148679-00148854 surface-based instrumentation including
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00722-00148855-00149078 remote sensors and tower mounted
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00723-00149079-00149302 instruments that we can compare our uas
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00724-00149303-00149495 based observations to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00725-00149496-00149647 this is all documented in a paper by
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00726-00149648-00149902 lindsey barbieri from 2019
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00727-00149903-00150135 but um it showed some interesting things
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00728-00150136-00150390 it showed one that the integration is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00729-00150391-00150575 really really important and i think we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00730-00150576-00150759 knew this but this kind of nice way to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00731-00150760-00150935 document that even when we're using the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00732-00150936-00151111 same sensors you know the way that those
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00733-00151112-00151263 sensors are integrated into platforms
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00734-00151264-00151471 becomes a critical component of how well
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00735-00151472-00151735 that sensor performs but it also showed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00736-00151736-00151999 that largely our systems were providing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00737-00152000-00152223 research-grade measurements and were
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00738-00152224-00152495 able to be used for this sort of um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00739-00152496-00152678 atmospheric science that we were talking
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00740-00152679-00152959 about here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00741-00152960-00153247 as a result of this though i got an idea
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00742-00153248-00153511 and an ambition to try to develop
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00743-00153512-00153766 a standalone sensor system that i called
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00744-00153767-00153926 miniflux and this is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00745-00153927-00154175 combining instrumentation to measure
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00746-00154176-00154390 thermodynamics state of the atmosphere
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00747-00154391-00154614 winds and turbulent fluxes
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00748-00154615-00154895 from a package that's about 450 grams
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00749-00154896-00155102 and you know a few inches by a few
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00750-00155103-00155326 inches
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00751-00155327-00155502 and the purpose of this so the idea
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00752-00155503-00155726 behind it was that this sort of a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00753-00155727-00155951 payload could be then integrated onto a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00754-00155952-00156159 variety of different aircraft in roughly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00755-00156160-00156319 the same way
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00756-00156320-00156575 and provide consistent observations
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00757-00156576-00156743 and a few examples of that being
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00758-00156744-00156895 deployed to the field i'm cheating a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00759-00156896-00157054 little bit here because some of these
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00760-00157055-00157278 aircraft are not small uas for example
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00761-00157279-00157583 the sea hunter which is a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00762-00157584-00157871 twin engine aircraft that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00763-00157872-00158087 deployed in northern alaska in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00764-00158088-00158190 collaboration with the university of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00765-00158191-00158366 alaska fairbanks as part of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00766-00158367-00158526 stratified ocean dynamics of the arctic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00767-00158527-00158759 campaign that onr supported a couple
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00768-00158760-00158878 years ago
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00769-00158879-00159054 you can see many flux installed under
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00770-00159055-00159239 the nose of the aircraft here and the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00771-00159240-00159407 purpose of this campaign was to collect
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00772-00159408-00159535 detailed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00773-00159536-00159919 measurements of the lower atmosphere um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00774-00159920-00160078 between you know
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00775-00160079-00160447 maybe 500 feet and 6 000 feet uh between
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00776-00160448-00160663 the alaskan coastline over the landfast
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00777-00160664-00160807 ice and then out to the marginal ice
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00778-00160808-00160943 zone a couple hundred nautical miles
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00779-00160944-00161111 offshore uh there were also
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00780-00161112-00161263 surface-based assets in place for the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00781-00161264-00161535 campaign you can see a few different
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00782-00161536-00161687 measurement examples in this case one of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00783-00161688-00161871 the kind of complex
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00784-00161872-00162078 temperature structures that we observed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00785-00162079-00162311 in this arctic environment
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00786-00162312-00162535 and some of the response of for example
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00787-00162536-00162735 our temperature sensors going to 50
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00788-00162736-00162935 hertz here we get very nice
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00789-00162936-00163319 response in a well-mixed environment
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00790-00163320-00163535 lately we've been working with noaa
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00791-00163536-00163711 and this is actually a small uas
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00792-00163712-00163959 platform that is designed to be able to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00793-00163960-00164102 take off and land vertically so it's a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00794-00164103-00164287 hybrid aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00795-00164288-00164366 that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00796-00164367-00164702 has a hexacopter a quadcopter style of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00797-00164703-00164919 electric kickoff and then transitions to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00798-00164920-00165111 horizontal flight and here we have many
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00799-00165112-00165271 flux under the wing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00800-00165272-00165551 the idea here being that we can deploy
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00801-00165552-00165711 this aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00802-00165712-00165943 from ships uh in remote ocean
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00803-00165944-00166119 environments and it's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00804-00166120-00166359 in my opinion one of the only ways that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00805-00166360-00166607 we will regularly be able to get
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00806-00166608-00166831 observations near the surface over
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00807-00166832-00167007 remote ocean environments just because
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00808-00167008-00167223 there aren't many assets that can
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00809-00167224-00167375 get out there and stay out there and are
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00810-00167376-00167575 willing to do extensive sampling down
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00811-00167576-00167702 you know between the surface and one
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00812-00167703-00167959 kilometer for example
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00813-00167960-00168143 the bottom figures to show some examples
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00814-00168144-00168295 of data from this particular set of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00815-00168296-00168414 flights that were conducted in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00816-00168415-00168711 arizona desert last spring you can see a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00817-00168712-00168847 boundary layer transition sort of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00818-00168848-00168959 environment
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00819-00168960-00169190 as the day evolves a significant amount
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00820-00169191-00169438 of turbulence building and and variable
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00821-00169439-00169807 wind conditions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00822-00169808-00169926 the other thing that we did with the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00823-00169927-00170151 miniflux instrumentation is further one
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00824-00170152-00170278 of our own platforms at the university
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00825-00170279-00170478 of colorado this platform being the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00826-00170479-00170702 raven which is pictured here you can see
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00827-00170703-00170895 that a lot of the components from the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00828-00170896-00171071 miniflux are now integrated into the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00829-00171072-00171271 raven distributed on the airframe a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00830-00171272-00171463 little bit which is slightly counter to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00831-00171464-00171623 what the idea of miniflux was supposed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00832-00171624-00171943 to represent but um we did become aware
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00833-00171944-00172054 of the fact that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00834-00172055-00172247 having one body wasn't always the most
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00835-00172248-00172399 efficient way to do things and so we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00836-00172400-00172583 were comfortable redistributing those
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00837-00172584-00172711 sensors in a way that we could
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00838-00172712-00172887 characterize them carefully and then
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00839-00172888-00173166 deploy them for scientific
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00840-00173167-00173359 reasons again you can see there's a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00841-00173360-00173590 multi-hole probe on the nose to measure
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00842-00173591-00173751 angle of attack and side slip we have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00843-00173752-00173919 that fine wire array that i talked about
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00844-00173920-00174111 on the datahawk as well
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00845-00174112-00174359 we have up and downward looking ir
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00846-00174360-00174566 sensors to give us information on the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00847-00174567-00174814 presence of clouds overhead or
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00848-00174815-00175047 surface structure variability you know
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00849-00175048-00175454 coastlines um ponds etc and then again
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00850-00175455-00175638 looking at pressure temperature humidity
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00851-00175639-00175847 sensors up on top of the body here we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00852-00175848-00176159 have two vise largest 421s
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00853-00176160-00176343 paired in an offsetting angle so that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00854-00176344-00176447 don't have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00855-00176448-00176799 uh hopefully solar effects on those um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00856-00176800-00176943 as a quick aside you see the little
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00857-00176944-00177111 cartoon on the right here this is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00858-00177112-00177263 something that was developed for a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00859-00177264-00177526 current campaign called splash and i'll
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00860-00177527-00177654 talk a little bit more about splash in a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00861-00177655-00177863 minute but again trying to connect to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00862-00177864-00178102 ways that we can
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00863-00178103-00178326 engage a variety of audiences we decided
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00864-00178327-00178526 to design superheroes around some of our
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00865-00178527-00178671 instruments and so winged wonder was
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00866-00178672-00178966 born
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00867-00178967-00179175 last spring we took the raven out to the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00868-00179176-00179343 southern great plains facility in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00869-00179344-00179463 oklahoma
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00870-00179464-00179695 additionally we flew at the nrel
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00871-00179696-00179983 flatirons campus here in boulder to do
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00872-00179984-00180151 comparisons against tower mounted
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00873-00180152-00180351 instrumentation and so the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00874-00180352-00180599 plots on the left are time series of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00875-00180600-00180783 raven wind speed and direction
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00876-00180784-00180959 observations and the red
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00877-00180960-00181263 uh curves relative to those from
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00878-00181264-00181447 both cup
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00879-00181448-00181638 style anemometers and sonic anemometers
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00880-00181639-00181838 that were mounted at the same altitude
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00881-00181839-00182023 you can see that generally things agree
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00882-00182024-00182166 quite well between the two different
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00883-00182167-00182263 platforms
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00884-00182264-00182414 between the raven and the tower mounted
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00885-00182415-00182559 instrumentation
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00886-00182560-00182702 on the right is a slightly different
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00887-00182703-00182871 type of comparison
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00888-00182872-00183087 here we were doing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00889-00183088-00183335 repeated
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00890-00183336-00183526 chasing of radiosondes in the lower
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00891-00183527-00183790 atmosphere at the sgp facility we also
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00892-00183791-00183975 compare to the tower there but i'm just
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00893-00183976-00184095 showing figures from the radiosonde
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00894-00184096-00184278 comparison so the radius on would be
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00895-00184279-00184471 launched and we would profile up behind
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00896-00184472-00184719 the radius on a few seconds afterward
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00897-00184720-00184911 and you can see
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00898-00184912-00185102 now comparisons for a variety of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00899-00185103-00185287 aircraft the raven being kind of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00900-00185288-00185519 mustard yellow points but we were also
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00901-00185520-00185743 there with the blackswift s2 the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00902-00185744-00186023 university of oklahoma coptersond the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00903-00186024-00186238 university of nebraska operated mitchell
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00904-00186239-00186559 drone and another m600 platform that the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00905-00186560-00186766 university of nebraska brought along so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00906-00186767-00186975 generally these platforms agree well
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00907-00186976-00187111 with what was being measured by the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00908-00187112-00187359 radiosonde uh with some scatter around
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00909-00187360-00187807 that one to one line
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00910-00187808-00187975 with that sort of characterization we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00911-00187976-00188287 felt comfortable bringing this into um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00912-00188288-00188471 more of a research environment and one
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00913-00188472-00188647 of the recent campaigns that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00914-00188648-00188926 participated in was the atomic campaign
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00915-00188927-00189119 uh this is the campaign in barbados that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00916-00189120-00189383 i was referring to earlier and the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00917-00189384-00189583 primary objectives for atomic were
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00918-00189584-00189743 really focused on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00919-00189744-00190014 understanding convective mass flux
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00920-00190015-00190238 mesoscale organization and depth of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00921-00190239-00190399 shallow
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00922-00190400-00190566 fair weather cumulus clouds or trade
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00923-00190567-00190807 wind cumulus clouds that develop in over
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00924-00190808-00190959 the tropical atlantic they're very
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00925-00190960-00191159 important from a climatic perspective
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00926-00191160-00191502 because of their ability to both
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00927-00191503-00191671 distribute redistribute moisture and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00928-00191672-00191887 heat through the atmosphere as well as
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00929-00191888-00192119 just their impact on the local surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00930-00192120-00192366 or local planetary albedo
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00931-00192367-00192487 with the cloud cover of course being
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00932-00192488-00192775 much brighter than the surface ocean
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00933-00192776-00192999 as well as understanding you know the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00934-00193000-00193159 structure of the boundary layer and how
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00935-00193160-00193438 that evolves with cloud cover
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00936-00193439-00193895 and so our primary objective for atomic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00937-00193896-00194126 and this was actually a campaign that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00938-00194127-00194287 deployed on very short notice for
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00939-00194288-00194438 because originally we were supposed to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00940-00194439-00194647 take the hybrid platform that i was
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00941-00194648-00194831 talking about developing with noah and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00942-00194832-00195166 fly that off of the ron the ronald brown
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00943-00195167-00195278 offshore
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00944-00195279-00195454 but unfortunately the aircraft was not
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00945-00195455-00195654 quite ready to go and so with about a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00946-00195655-00195871 month and a half notice we mobilized the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00947-00195872-00196007 university colorado team to get the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00948-00196008-00196111 raven
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00949-00196112-00196302 to operate in the near shore environment
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00950-00196303-00196726 and so we were housed on the beach in um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00951-00196727-00196959 morgan lewis here in the north east
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00952-00196960-00197150 corner of barbados
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00953-00197151-00197335 uh all of our flight activities were in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00954-00197336-00197526 the near shore environment extending a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00955-00197527-00197719 couple of kilometers offshore
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00956-00197720-00197999 and we did very regular
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00957-00198000-00198087 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00958-00198088-00198335 type of flight patterns that we repeated
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00959-00198336-00198575 twice a day uh almost every day that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00960-00198576-00198735 were out there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00961-00198736-00198883 overall we got about
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00962-00198884-00199111 87 i think flight hours out of this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00963-00199112-00199287 campaign over the course of about a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00964-00199288-00199383 month
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00965-00199384-00199671 and that profile looked a lot like what
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00966-00199672-00199831 you see here represented by this one
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00967-00199832-00200014 flight where we would conduct an initial
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00968-00200015-00200247 profile up to a kilometer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00969-00200248-00200447 and then do extended legs
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00970-00200448-00200663 at a variety of altitudes uh the first
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00971-00200664-00200799 one being right below cloud base which
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00972-00200800-00200950 is what you're seeing in the video there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00973-00200951-00201150 and then stepping down to 400 meters 200
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00974-00201151-00201287 meters and 20 meters so that we can
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00975-00201288-00201535 collect statistics at those altitudes uh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00976-00201536-00201814 over time and be able to start to piece
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00977-00201815-00202166 together flux profiles
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00978-00202167-00202423 so just some examples uh this is a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00979-00202424-00202590 summary of the thermodynamic structure
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00980-00202591-00202750 measurements that we've made
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00981-00202751-00202935 you can see the top half of this figure
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00982-00202936-00203207 are the raven data and so the bottom is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00983-00203208-00203447 from ocean-bound systems
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00984-00203448-00203663 you can feel free to ignore those but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00985-00203664-00203863 this provides a nice complete picture of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00986-00203864-00204126 how the pieces fit together and here you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00987-00204127-00204311 can see very nicely
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00988-00204312-00204431 you know the sort of structure that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00989-00204432-00204638 were observing associated with these
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00990-00204639-00204831 types of cloudy conditions over the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00991-00204832-00205071 course of the month
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00992-00205071-00205255 looking at detail you know you can see
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00993-00205256-00205366 some of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00994-00205367-00205542 scatter that occurs when we held
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00995-00205544-00205758 altitude for a while and so you do see
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00996-00205759-00205966 some of this local variability and one
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00997-00205967-00206119 of the questions that we wanted to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00998-00206119-00206334 address is how that variability changed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-00999-00206335-00206510 changes with height in the sub-cloud
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01000-00206511-00206606 layer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01001-00206607-00206862 under these types of marine chemo clouds
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01002-00206863-00207006 and the figure on the right shows just
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01003-00207007-00207303 an example of that sort of of a question
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01004-00207304-00207462 uh where we're looking at distributions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01005-00207463-00207606 of the temperature anomaly from the mean
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01006-00207607-00207855 temperature at both 20 meters so right
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01007-00207856-00208014 above the water surface as well as up to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01008-00208015-00208238 500 meters and and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01009-00208239-00208375 this is something that we're planning to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01010-00208376-00208662 extend to uh of course more than one
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01011-00208663-00208910 flight but this is one of the sorts of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01012-00208911-00209119 the examples of the type of information
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01013-00209119-00209231 we're hoping to pull out of these
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01014-00209232-00209455 measurements
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01015-00209456-00209606 um similarly we looked at vertical
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01016-00209607-00209831 velocity structure and so another
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01017-00209832-00209998 example of looking at vertical velocity
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01018-00210000-00210303 at 500 meters versus 200 meters both in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01019-00210304-00210527 clear conditions and then adding in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01020-00210528-00210646 the conditions where we had a cloud
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01021-00210648-00210903 overhead you can see the skewness of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01022-00210904-00211063 distribution changes pretty dramatically
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01023-00211064-00211255 with the cloud in place
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01024-00211256-00211471 again more to be done here but some nice
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01025-00211471-00211639 insight into the dynamics of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01026-00211640-00211855 sub-cloud environment
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01027-00211856-00212063 and then looking at stress near the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01028-00212064-00212239 surface as a function of the surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01029-00212240-00212406 wind speed from the raven from our
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01030-00212407-00212615 flights at 20 meters above the surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01031-00212616-00212831 and this is work that's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01032-00212832-00213079 in prep for publication in a paper
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01033-00213080-00213215 that's really looking at the momentum
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01034-00213216-00213487 budget one of the benefits of using the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01035-00213488-00213639 uas of course is being able to get
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01036-00213640-00213791 profiles so we're trying to piece
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01037-00213792-00213887 together
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01038-00213888-00214134 the momentum flux profiles through the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01039-00214135-00214342 through the subcloud layer here for
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01040-00214344-00214494 different wind regimes which is why
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01041-00214496-00214919 we've color-coded by dates here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01042-00214919-00215094 shifting gears completely another recent
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01043-00215096-00215294 campaign that we were involved with was
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01044-00215296-00215519 mosaic this is the multi-disciplinary
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01045-00215519-00215703 drifting observatory for the study of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01046-00215704-00215975 arctic climate and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01047-00215976-00216327 this is a campaign that took place from
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01048-00216328-00216591 september of 2019 to approximately
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01049-00216592-00216767 october of 2020.
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01050-00216767-00216967 for those not familiar with mosaic the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01051-00216967-00217167 research vessel polar stern was frozen
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01052-00217167-00217598 into the sea ice here at 85 north and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01053-00217600-00217782 allowed to drift over the course of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01054-00217783-00218039 year the colors in the map here are
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01055-00218040-00218215 different legs from the expedition the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01056-00218216-00218463 blue being the first legs one and two
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01057-00218464-00218679 the kind of salmony colors like three
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01058-00218680-00218823 the orange colors like four and then the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01059-00218823-00219087 purple like five um if you wonder about
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01060-00219088-00219279 this discontinuity it's because the ship
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01061-00219280-00219534 got spit out of the ice pack here in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01062-00219535-00219758 summer and so they repositioned back
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01063-00219759-00219903 near the north pole for the last bit of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01064-00219904-00220158 like five and we were
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01065-00220159-00220471 our uas team was specifically targeting
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01066-00220471-00220734 a few different hypotheses um that you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01067-00220735-00220903 can see on the right here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01068-00220904-00221055 specific to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01069-00221056-00221231 the complex structure of the arctic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01070-00221232-00221398 boundary layer and the ability of models
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01071-00221400-00221703 to represent that based on their
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01072-00221704-00222015 their own parametrizations and vertical
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01073-00222016-00222231 uh resolution
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01074-00222232-00222567 the impact of leads and on the transfer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01075-00222567-00222782 of energy into the atmosphere
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01076-00222783-00222951 and how well again models are able to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01077-00222952-00223167 capture that sort of energy transfer and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01078-00223167-00223367 then the subgrid scale variability that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01079-00223367-00223615 exists in the coupled arctic system and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01080-00223616-00223887 this is as much focused on the surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01081-00223888-00224239 as it is on the atmosphere
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01082-00224240-00224375 so our
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01083-00224376-00224582 part of this mission took place on legs
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01084-00224583-00224782 three and four um legs did get shuffled
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01085-00224783-00224982 around a little bit due to covid but you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01086-00224983-00225175 can see where we were flying the green
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01087-00225176-00225334 dots represent places that we flew the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01088-00225335-00225503 data hop and the data hawk was flowing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01089-00225504-00225687 from the ice surface in this case and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01090-00225688-00225879 the red dots represent times where we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01091-00225880-00226039 were flying the helix i'll talk more
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01092-00226040-00226198 about that platform in a second but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01093-00226200-00226351 that's a multi-copter platform that was
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01094-00226352-00226663 mainly uh looking at radiative terms
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01095-00226664-00226823 and so you can see we operated as high
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01096-00226823-00227079 as about 87 degrees north
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01097-00227080-00227303 and as you'll see in a second at fairly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01098-00227304-00227510 cold temperatures
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01099-00227511-00227727 so getting to the complex structure part
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01100-00227728-00227942 of this question this is this is mosaic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01101-00227944-00228063 in a nutshell from the data hawks
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01102-00228064-00228182 perspective
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01103-00228183-00228415 you can see we sampled a wide variety of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01104-00228416-00228606 thermodynamic conditions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01105-00228607-00228815 from very early on in the campaign where
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01106-00228816-00229127 we were operating at minus 30 or so near
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01107-00229128-00229375 the surface too late in the campaign in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01108-00229376-00229567 the summer time where you know all the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01109-00229567-00229734 temperatures are pegged near freezing in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01110-00229735-00229863 the summer because you have ice melt
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01111-00229864-00230110 going on but what's going on aloft is a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01112-00230111-00230279 very different story and so we had a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01113-00230280-00230423 couple of these warm air intrusion
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01114-00230423-00230694 events both in the summer as well as
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01115-00230696-00230846 some happening i think it's in this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01116-00230848-00231015 cluster where you get some really strong
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01117-00231016-00231231 and much warmer air strong inversions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01118-00231232-00231406 with much warmer air aloft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01119-00231407-00231527 so that's one of the things that we're
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01120-00231528-00231687 looking at is how
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01121-00231688-00231846 those types of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01122-00231848-00232023 events are impacting the surface energy
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01123-00232023-00232271 budget and the formation of clouds
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01124-00232271-00232446 as well as aerosol particles so there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01125-00232448-00232694 were some studies being done by swiss
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01126-00232696-00232910 teams looking at how aerosol
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01127-00232911-00233055 concentrations were changing near the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01128-00233056-00233246 surface in these warm air intrusion and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01129-00233248-00233479 transport events
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01130-00233480-00233710 but again a really wide variety of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01131-00233711-00233879 different types of conditions you have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01132-00233880-00234006 cases where you have that well mixed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01133-00234007-00234167 boundary layer all the way up to the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01134-00234167-00234367 cloud and other cases where you have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01135-00234367-00234598 elevated inversions and and decoupled
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01136-00234600-00235006 cloud layers so a lot to dig into here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01137-00235007-00235206 i mentioned the leads we did fly the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01138-00235207-00235446 data hawk to try to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01139-00235448-00235694 capture details on the impact of leads
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01140-00235696-00236055 on atmospheric structure and this is um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01141-00236056-00236167 this is something we're just getting
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01142-00236167-00236375 into so i don't have a ton of initial
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01143-00236376-00236606 results to show here but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01144-00236607-00236767 the types of leads we were sampling were
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01145-00236767-00236958 relatively small they were maybe a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01146-00236959-00237198 couple hundred meters across and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01147-00237200-00237463 um i think it's an important question
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01148-00237464-00237671 uh what what the impact of these types
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01149-00237671-00237927 of leads might be because you know the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01150-00237928-00238079 ones that we see from the satellites are
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01151-00238080-00238303 often quite large kilometers across and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01152-00238304-00238503 we know that there is significant energy
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01153-00238504-00238663 transport
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01154-00238664-00238806 from the underlying surface into the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01155-00238807-00239110 atmosphere in those instances but i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01156-00239111-00239279 believe that these smaller leads are
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01157-00239280-00239439 much more prevalent and much more
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01158-00239440-00239687 frequently occurring and so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01159-00239688-00239894 there's a kind of scale and number issue
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01160-00239896-00240006 to consider
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01161-00240007-00240223 so the profiles on the right hand side
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01162-00240223-00240479 show examples of flight data
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01163-00240480-00240798 we separated the flight profiling
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01164-00240800-00241055 between the upwind and downwind portions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01165-00241056-00241230 uh relative to the lead which is kind of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01166-00241231-00241391 the green points here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01167-00241392-00241646 and um as i said we're just digging into
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01168-00241648-00241894 this and starting to look at whether we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01169-00241896-00242103 can see any notable impact of a lead of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01170-00242104-00242582 the scale on the overlying atmosphere
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01171-00242583-00242782 so i mentioned the helix as well
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01172-00242783-00242927 here's another one of our cartoon
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01173-00242928-00243103 characters our superheroes
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01174-00243104-00243271 also known as the buzz
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01175-00243271-00243487 helix is a hexacopter that we developed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01176-00243488-00243615 and built up at the university of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01177-00243616-00243727 colorado
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01178-00243728-00243982 we worked with uh collaborators of kipp
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01179-00243983-00244142 and zone and actually to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01180-00244144-00244319 develop kind of drone specific
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01181-00244319-00244655 pyrometers in this case these are
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01182-00244656-00244894 lighter weight versions of the pr1
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01183-00244896-00244991 that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01184-00244992-00245103 put on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01185-00245104-00245334 up and downward-looking gimbal systems
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01186-00245335-00245503 so that we can keep them level in flight
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01187-00245504-00245798 and we did conduct early flights with a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01188-00245800-00246063 fixed-wing platform that also carried
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01189-00246064-00246246 pyranometers in that case it was the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01190-00246248-00246487 delta tspn ones
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01191-00246488-00246727 and we found the corrections that we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01192-00246728-00246855 needed to make
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01193-00246856-00247039 uh to be quite challenging and even
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01194-00247040-00247158 though we were doing everything
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01195-00247159-00247415 correctly uh it was challenging to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01196-00247416-00247542 correct for
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01197-00247544-00247655 any small
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01198-00247656-00247910 tilt offsets of the sensors and so we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01199-00247911-00248175 decided with the evolution of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01200-00248176-00248334 technology and especially the battery
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01201-00248335-00248558 technology to now leverage a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01202-00248559-00248791 multi-copter system which is providing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01203-00248792-00249023 us with roughly the same endurance as
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01204-00249023-00249175 the electric fixed swing that we were
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01205-00249176-00249310 carrying these sensors with previously
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01206-00249311-00249519 which is about a half hour of time
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01207-00249519-00249606 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01208-00249607-00249758 so that we can keep things a little bit
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01209-00249759-00249967 more level in flight with these gimbals
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01210-00249967-00250198 we also had a multi-spectral camera in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01211-00250200-00250382 this case a mica sense red edge which
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01212-00250383-00250463 has
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01213-00250464-00250710 four channels
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01214-00250711-00250742 uh uh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01215-00250744-00250863 of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01216-00250864-00251110 visible image or imagery that we can put
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01217-00251111-00251430 together to do feature characterization
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01218-00251431-00251567 and so here are some examples of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01219-00251567-00251742 data collected by
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01220-00251744-00251991 the helix um i mentioned the subgroup
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01221-00251992-00252158 scale variability thinking about the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01222-00252159-00252239 surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01223-00252240-00252446 the arctic ice surface is incredibly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01224-00252448-00252751 heterogeneous and there's a lot going on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01225-00252752-00252871 just from the perspective of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01226-00252871-00253094 development of ice ponds
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01227-00253096-00253303 and then during the summer season as
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01228-00253304-00253551 these ice ponds are in place you know
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01229-00253552-00253727 you can have drainage events where a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01230-00253728-00253958 bunch of the ice ponds will get so thin
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01231-00253959-00254087 that they drain out and then you're left
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01232-00254088-00254271 again with the bright underlying surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01233-00254271-00254463 beneath them you can have refreezing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01234-00254464-00254598 events you can have precipitation
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01235-00254600-00254798 falling on thin ice and so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01236-00254800-00254942 this sort of a scene that you see in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01237-00254944-00255134 bottom can change from day to day
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01238-00255135-00255367 depending on the weather conditions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01239-00255367-00255575 and so we leverage this platform to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01240-00255576-00255782 conduct mapping operations like you see
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01241-00255783-00256071 in the bottom left this albedo map there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01242-00256071-00256182 is is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01243-00256183-00256334 associated with the image on the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01244-00256335-00256479 left-hand side
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01245-00256480-00256687 and you can see of course the darker
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01246-00256688-00256855 surfaces in the center associated with
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01247-00256856-00256975 the mel ponds
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01248-00256976-00257158 and the variability in albedo these were
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01249-00257159-00257342 collected about 20 meters and that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01250-00257344-00257534 altitude actually is quite important as
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01251-00257535-00257767 is shown by the upper figure here one of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01252-00257767-00257958 the questions we were equally interested
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01253-00257959-00258263 in was the impact of aggregation
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01254-00258264-00258534 and scales on the albedo measurement
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01255-00258535-00258615 that's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01256-00258616-00258782 made and so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01257-00258783-00258942 this figure in the center shows the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01258-00258944-00259142 upwelling of radiance
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01259-00259144-00259382 over two different surfaces a melt pond
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01260-00259383-00259567 for kind of the profiles that end on the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01261-00259567-00259727 left and then the snow
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01262-00259728-00259855 the profiles that end on the right and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01263-00259856-00260055 as you gain altitude you can see that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01264-00260056-00260255 that upwelling irradiance changes pretty
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01265-00260256-00260455 dramatically
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01266-00260456-00260598 until you get to an altitude of about 40
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01267-00260600-00260782 or 50 meters where things aggregate to a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01268-00260783-00260894 common
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01269-00260896-00261167 um albedo value for the scales present
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01270-00261167-00261294 here and for the field of view of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01271-00261296-00261455 sensor
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01272-00261456-00261606 and so these questions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01273-00261607-00261791 are interesting from the perspective of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01274-00261792-00261975 putting previous measurements of surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01275-00261976-00262239 albedo into context as well as capturing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01276-00262240-00262406 at a much higher
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01277-00262407-00262606 resolution of the horizontal variability
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01278-00262607-00262943 when we fly at extremely low altitudes
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01279-00262944-00263191 and this shows some examples of that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01280-00263192-00263343 this work is being done by radiance
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01281-00263344-00263558 calmer who's a postdoctoral scientist
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01282-00263559-00263671 working with us at the university of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01283-00263672-00263863 colorado and she's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01284-00263864-00264071 looking at feature identification to try
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01285-00264072-00264206 to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01286-00264207-00264367 characterize the scale of different
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01287-00264368-00264510 features over the length of the melt
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01288-00264511-00264806 season so specifically melt ponds ice
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01289-00264807-00265039 bear ice surfaces ocean
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01290-00265040-00265215 dark ocean surfaces and snow-covered
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01291-00265216-00265367 surfaces
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01292-00265368-00265527 and she's also working to document the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01293-00265528-00265687 different types of albedos that were
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01294-00265688-00265895 observed over the course of this time
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01295-00265896-00266063 period and so this is an example of one
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01296-00266064-00266295 of those very low altitude flights where
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01297-00266296-00266534 the aircraft was left to hover above
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01298-00266535-00266703 features of interest so there's white
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01299-00266704-00266934 ridge for example high albedo of course
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01300-00266935-00267143 the melt pond has a much lower value the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01301-00267144-00267351 ocean much lower still
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01302-00267352-00267582 and then document the evolution of that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01303-00267583-00267734 over the different flights for different
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01304-00267735-00267934 types of features
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01305-00267935-00268134 this is all very much work in progress
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01306-00268135-00268319 um we're happy to collaborate on this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01307-00268320-00268519 stuff with anyone who's interested but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01308-00268520-00268734 we just got out of the data processing
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01309-00268735-00268863 and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01310-00268864-00269063 publication phase for mosaic and now
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01311-00269064-00269199 we're starting to dig into the science
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01312-00269200-00269399 more
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01313-00269400-00269551 all right very quickly the last campaign
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01314-00269552-00269751 i'll mention is one that we conducted
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01315-00269752-00269943 this past spring this was another
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01316-00269944-00270167 instance where um our team at the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01317-00270168-00270510 university of colorado was contacted by
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01318-00270511-00270847 another pi who had nsf support and who
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01319-00270848-00271023 was interested in getting a clearer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01320-00271024-00271158 picture of what was happening in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01321-00271159-00271391 lower atmosphere as part of her research
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01322-00271392-00271567 and specifically
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01323-00271568-00271734 this research which is part of a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01324-00271735-00271975 campaign that was called wisco disco is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01325-00271976-00272158 focused on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01326-00272159-00272375 the impact of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01327-00272376-00272575 near shore circulation so lake breezes
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01328-00272576-00272815 or land breezes on ozone concentrations
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01329-00272816-00273071 over coastal uh wisconsin because you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01330-00273072-00273239 have high emission sources
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01331-00273240-00273406 at the southern end of lake michigan and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01332-00273407-00273582 gary and chicago
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01333-00273583-00273806 and you get transport of pollutants out
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01334-00273807-00274039 over lake michigan and those are left to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01335-00274040-00274263 sit there in a very stable regime in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01336-00274264-00274439 springtime where the lake water is still
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01337-00274440-00274591 quite cold
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01338-00274592-00274791 and mixed and and the chemistry is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01339-00274792-00275015 definitely not my strong point but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01340-00275016-00275151 ultimately you get
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01341-00275152-00275230 these
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01342-00275231-00275423 circulation events where the lake breeze
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01343-00275424-00275639 pushes a lot of that pollution
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01344-00275640-00275871 inland on the coastal areas and so our
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01345-00275872-00276023 part of that with the raven was to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01346-00276024-00276319 document the evolution of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01347-00276320-00276527 lake breeze environment and the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01348-00276528-00276806 structure of that circulation over time
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01349-00276807-00276982 while they were flying a multicopter
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01350-00276983-00277215 with ozone sensors to get profiles of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01351-00277216-00277415 the ozone concentrations uh from the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01352-00277416-00277655 surface up to about 400 feet and so the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01353-00277656-00277871 bottom figures show a few examples of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01354-00277872-00278223 those flights on the far left is uh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01355-00278224-00278415 it's a little bit of a twisted plot so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01356-00278416-00278791 you have longitude on the x-axis um the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01357-00278792-00278967 black line roughly represents the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01358-00278968-00279191 position of the lakeshore boundary
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01359-00279192-00279399 and then time on the vertical axis and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01360-00279400-00279655 so you know as we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01361-00279656-00279799 progress through the day here you can
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01362-00279800-00279982 see this marine boundary that exists in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01363-00279983-00280119 the near-shore environment which
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01364-00280120-00280367 gradually decays as we're making
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01365-00280368-00280630 repeated passes uh onshore and offshore
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01366-00280631-00280791 and this is actually the flight that i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01367-00280792-00281023 was showing you earlier flying over the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01368-00281024-00281199 the camera flying over the wisconsin
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01369-00281200-00281519 shoreline was from this particular day
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01370-00281520-00281687 i'm looking at it in vertical space you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01371-00281688-00281806 know things look a little different
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01372-00281807-00282063 again you can see the early presence of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01373-00282064-00282334 that um lake breeze circulation which
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01374-00282335-00282487 then is pushed offshore in this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01375-00282488-00282623 particular and then comes back in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01376-00282624-00282758 evening
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01377-00282759-00282943 and then just from a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01378-00282944-00283110 vertical profile perspective this is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01379-00283111-00283287 what things look like you know you have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01380-00283288-00283406 the near shore environment kind of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01381-00283407-00283710 bouncing between that light freeze and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01382-00283711-00283887 the uh the convective boundary layer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01383-00283888-00284119 from the coastline throughout the day
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01384-00284120-00284271 you can see huge amounts of variability
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01385-00284272-00284454 there in the temperature structure
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01386-00284455-00284671 but it's really these types of events
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01387-00284672-00284815 where you do have the lake breeze coming
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01388-00284816-00285063 onshore that tend to push ozone
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01389-00285064-00285279 concentrations up to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01390-00285280-00285430 levels that are unhealthy for the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01391-00285431-00285751 population
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01392-00285752-00285910 so looking ahead a little bit uh we have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01393-00285911-00286134 some upcoming campaigns um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01394-00286135-00286327 next summer we're participating in the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01395-00286328-00286487 tracer campaign this is the department
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01396-00286488-00286703 of energy funded project and we're
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01397-00286704-00286847 collaborating with our colleagues at the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01398-00286848-00286958 university of oklahoma who will be
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01399-00286959-00287143 flying the copterson system we'll be
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01400-00287144-00287334 flying to raven and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01401-00287335-00287527 perhaps somewhat similar to the wisco
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01402-00287528-00287734 disco campaign our role is really to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01403-00287735-00287934 document the sea breeze and its
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01404-00287935-00288119 interaction with the background
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01405-00288120-00288279 convective boundary layer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01406-00288280-00288567 and try to understand the impact of that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01407-00288568-00288830 kind of enhanced lift
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01408-00288831-00288975 and the difference in the aerosol
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01409-00288976-00289151 properties as well on the development of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01410-00289152-00289271 convection
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01411-00289272-00289454 over the greater houston area and so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01412-00289455-00289575 we're going to be flying the raven in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01413-00289576-00289775 south texas in the summertime
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01414-00289776-00289847 to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01415-00289848-00290103 conduct again these long profiles across
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01416-00290104-00290295 the sea breeze front frontal zone and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01417-00290296-00290567 better document how
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01418-00290568-00290830 turbulence and aerosol properties may
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01419-00290831-00290991 help to enhance convection around that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01420-00290992-00291215 area
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01421-00291216-00291447 i mentioned the superheroes we've got an
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01422-00291448-00291582 active project right now in the crested
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01423-00291583-00291823 beat area called splash splash is the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01424-00291824-00291967 study of precipitation the lower
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01425-00291968-00292071 atmosphere and surface for
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01426-00292072-00292391 hydrometeorology and this is focused on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01427-00292392-00292630 all things that help to drive water into
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01428-00292631-00292815 the colorado river we have a bunch of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01429-00292816-00293103 surface-based sensors radars towers
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01430-00293104-00293327 surface flux stations the ou clamp
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01431-00293328-00293503 system is out there but then we're also
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01432-00293504-00293743 deploying some of our aerial assets uh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01433-00293744-00293847 working
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01434-00293848-00294030 with the university of colorado iris
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01435-00294031-00294279 program and black swift who have a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01436-00294280-00294487 moisture or soil moisture mapping system
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01437-00294488-00294582 that we're going to deploy to this
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01438-00294583-00294806 region as well
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01439-00294807-00295054 we're working collaborating with
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01440-00295055-00295279 nrel and some other
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01441-00295280-00295495 collaborators to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01442-00295496-00295847 begin to develop raven as a platform
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01443-00295848-00296127 that can map out weights associated with
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01444-00296128-00296358 wind turbines and better understand how
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01445-00296359-00296503 the presence of wind turbines will
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01446-00296504-00296671 impact downstream
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01447-00296672-00296823 atmospheric state
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01448-00296824-00297023 so that work is still early on but we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01449-00297024-00297191 have started conducting some flight
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01450-00297192-00297343 flights on the nrl campus here in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01451-00297344-00297606 boulder um and we hope to participate in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01452-00297607-00297815 upcoming campaigns in oklahoma that will
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01453-00297816-00298079 target larger wind farms in that area
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01454-00298080-00298175 and then
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01455-00298176-00298382 um we're always looking to continue to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01456-00298383-00298599 innovate our sensing capabilities and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01457-00298600-00298887 some examples here um we're currently in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01458-00298888-00299039 the process of developing our own
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01459-00299040-00299263 multiple pressure probe
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01460-00299264-00299423 this is largely being undertaken by
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01461-00299424-00299582 steve borenstein at the university of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01462-00299583-00299719 colorado
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01463-00299720-00299982 and we have a lot of interest in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01464-00299983-00300191 trying to automate some of the sampling
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01465-00300192-00300351 and so this is an example from a french
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01466-00300352-00300534 team who have they're way out ahead of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01467-00300535-00300679 us on this but we hope to catch up
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01468-00300680-00300799 someday
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01469-00300800-00300943 where they have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01470-00300944-00301143 technology in place to deploy these
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01471-00301144-00301399 these assets and have them make their
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01472-00301400-00301558 own decisions in flight about how to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01473-00301559-00301734 best sample a convective
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01474-00301735-00302047 plume for example and this i believe is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01475-00302048-00302310 a simulation based version of this but i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01476-00302311-00302487 saw this firsthand during atomic where
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01477-00302488-00302671 they would send the aircraft out it
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01478-00302672-00302879 would fly its own flight pattern based
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01479-00302880-00303047 on you know its
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01480-00303048-00303182 measurements that it was making and it
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01481-00303183-00303327 would come back a couple hours later
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01482-00303328-00303471 it's really neat technology and i think
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01483-00303472-00303639 there's a lot that can be done in that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01484-00303640-00303871 area
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01485-00303872-00304047 all right so i'll summarize quickly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01486-00304048-00304239 we're using small uas to provide new
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01487-00304240-00304406 perspectives on the lower atmosphere and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01488-00304407-00304591 its interactions with the surface and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01489-00304592-00304743 we've deployed these assets around the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01490-00304744-00304958 world from the poles to the tropics
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01491-00304959-00305151 um to document kinematic and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01492-00305152-00305263 thermodynamic structure of our
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01493-00305264-00305447 atmosphere and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01494-00305448-00305599 help improve our understanding of lower
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01495-00305600-00305782 atmospheric physics
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01496-00305783-00305951 currently we're working
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01497-00305952-00306303 to understand the arctic boundary layer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01498-00306304-00306454 momentum transport and cumulus
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01499-00306455-00306647 development and tropical trades mountain
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01500-00306648-00306887 meteorology as part of splash
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01501-00306888-00307095 the potential impact of these types of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01502-00307096-00307271 observations on local scale and america
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01503-00307272-00307454 weather prediction and i will say that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01504-00307455-00307671 as part of splash we've engaged the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01505-00307672-00307830 local weather forecast office in grand
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01506-00307831-00308039 junction and they're very excited about
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01507-00308040-00308303 the possibility for gaining insight from
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01508-00308304-00308575 small uas
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01509-00308576-00308839 additionally we're looking at how how
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01510-00308840-00309023 local scale
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01511-00309024-00309247 circulations may impact weather and air
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01512-00309248-00309406 quality
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01513-00309407-00309654 looking at surface properties and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01514-00309655-00309903 trying to work with with ncar to better
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01515-00309904-00310030 understand how we might be able to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01516-00310031-00310230 assimilate measurements of those surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01517-00310231-00310399 properties in high resolution
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01518-00310400-00310543 simulations
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01519-00310544-00310679 i mentioned the wind energy work and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01520-00310680-00310910 then of course continuing to advance our
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01521-00310911-00311295 technology and i i want to end by saying
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01522-00311296-00311510 that there are a ton of opportunities
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01523-00311511-00311606 out there
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01524-00311607-00311758 we are definitely
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01525-00311759-00311934 actively looking for additional
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01526-00311935-00312103 collaborators
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01527-00312104-00312230 who see potential benefits to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01528-00312231-00312479 integrating uas into ongoing or system
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01529-00312480-00312582 research
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01530-00312583-00312815 and so um you know if any of this looked
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01531-00312816-00313047 interesting to you i strongly encourage
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01532-00313048-00313239 you to reach out and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01533-00313240-00313454 maybe start a conversation about how
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01534-00313455-00313663 somebody these assets might be deployed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01535-00313664-00313879 to answer questions you have on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01536-00313880-00314175 the lower atmosphere and that is what i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01537-00314176-00314423 have for today i do have references up
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01538-00314424-00314630 um they're in the presentation and i'm
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01539-00314631-00314806 going to put them here so that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01540-00314807-00314999 when the presentation later is recorded
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01541-00315000-00315191 and people go back to it you can see
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01542-00315192-00315375 this for a few minutes but maybe i'll
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01543-00315376-00315495 i'll leave it on the summary for the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01544-00315496-00315751 time being as we transition to questions
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01545-00315752-00316103 thank you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01546-00316104-00316223 all right
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01547-00316224-00316447 well thank you heist for uh for the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01548-00316448-00316647 beautiful images and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01549-00316648-00316982 movies of the uas measurement system and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01550-00316983-00317182 clever applications uh through the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01551-00317183-00317454 various campaigns um we do have time for
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01552-00317455-00317719 questions again the slido interface is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01553-00317720-00317967 below the presentation screen
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01554-00317968-00318191 and we do have a few questions and i'm
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01555-00318192-00318327 going to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01556-00318328-00318463 present them in
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01557-00318464-00318623 the order in which they have been
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01558-00318624-00318806 submitted
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01559-00318807-00318951 and that would be
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01560-00318952-00318984 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01561-00318985-00319103 [Music]
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01562-00319104-00319279 andrew k
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01563-00319280-00319551 asked the first question and he asks how
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01564-00319552-00319830 are wind observations from the uas
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01565-00319831-00320054 delineated from the actual motion of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01566-00320055-00320423 uas and the turbulence that it causes
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01567-00320424-00320599 yeah that's a really good question and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01568-00320600-00320679 so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01569-00320680-00320871 um in short it's done the same way that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01570-00320872-00321079 it's done for large research aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01571-00321080-00321254 and uses the same types of equations
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01572-00321255-00321471 where we have an inertial motion that's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01573-00321472-00321630 our measurement unit on board and that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01574-00321631-00321775 measures all of the motion of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01575-00321776-00321910 aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01576-00321911-00322167 and the the wind
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01577-00322168-00322367 the winds aren't directly measured
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01578-00322368-00322623 they're actually derived using
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01579-00322624-00322767 the information from the multi-hole
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01580-00322768-00322951 pressure probe which is telling you how
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01581-00322952-00323143 the aircraft is moving relative to the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01582-00323144-00323351 airflow around it
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01583-00323352-00323558 the gps onboard which is giving you the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01584-00323559-00323719 aircraft velocity over the ground and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01585-00323720-00323903 then the um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01586-00323904-00324110 imu which is telling you about the pitch
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01587-00324111-00324439 rolling of the aircraft and so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01588-00324440-00324623 the that's how the winds are actually
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01589-00324624-00324799 calculated the question about the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01590-00324800-00324967 turbulence that the aircraft causes is a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01591-00324968-00325182 different one and we've been working to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01592-00325183-00325423 try to document that with
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01593-00325424-00325615 both uh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01594-00325616-00325830 simulations so looking at really high
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01595-00325831-00326006 resolution simulations of flow around
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01596-00326007-00326215 our platform and trying to understand
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01597-00326216-00326358 you know what sort of disturbances it
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01598-00326359-00326615 may cause in different sampling regimes
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01599-00326616-00326871 as well as in a wind tunnel and um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01600-00326872-00327143 that's definitely ongoing work but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01601-00327144-00327343 we're trying to extend that probe which
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01602-00327344-00327615 would be impacted by any sort of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01603-00327616-00327815 turbulence or flow around the airframe
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01604-00327816-00328047 out ahead of any impacts that the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01605-00328048-00328239 aircraft might cause
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01606-00328240-00328375 hopefully that answers the question
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01607-00328376-00328527 andrew but if not i'm happy to provide
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01608-00328528-00328734 more insight
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01609-00328735-00329103 thank you andrew
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01610-00329104-00329391 uh james pinto your your collaborator
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01611-00329392-00329671 and colleague asks a question um he asks
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01612-00329672-00329847 can you comment a bit more about
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01613-00329848-00330110 uncertainties in measurements obtained
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01614-00330111-00330310 with uas
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01615-00330311-00330623 yeah um sure i think this is one of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01616-00330624-00330823 more challenging things to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01617-00330824-00330975 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01618-00330976-00331199 accurately calculate we we know
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01619-00331200-00331358 kind of what our sensor uncertainties
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01620-00331359-00331623 are reported to be um but as i mentioned
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01621-00331624-00331903 with respect to the laptop campaign a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01622-00331904-00332087 lot of the actual uncertainties with the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01623-00332088-00332206 measurements comes down to how their
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01624-00332207-00332447 sensors are integrated onto the platform
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01625-00332448-00332599 and so we we've been working as i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01626-00332600-00332799 mentioned earlier to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01627-00332800-00333071 do side-by-side comparisons with um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01628-00333072-00333327 trusted systems that people have have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01629-00333328-00333615 documented to better understand um how
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01630-00333616-00333830 well we we do measure things with the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01631-00333831-00334023 platforms that we're deploying
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01632-00334024-00334119 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01633-00334120-00334367 i know from the perspective of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01634-00334368-00334519 data simulation
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01635-00334520-00334775 uh the uncertainties are are important
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01636-00334776-00334871 and so
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01637-00334872-00335023 i think it's something that we should
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01638-00335024-00335271 work on collaboratively and that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01639-00335272-00335430 you know move towards the best ways to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01640-00335431-00335727 document all this um following published
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01641-00335728-00335943 techniques in the literature as well as
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01642-00335944-00336110 taking into account some of the specific
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01643-00336111-00336416 considerations for these small platforms
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01644-00336417-00336671 [Music]
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01645-00336672-00336910 thank you james for that question
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01646-00336911-00337151 uh we have um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01647-00337152-00337358 another question from another colleague
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01648-00337359-00337727 and collaborator terry hoke here at eol
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01649-00337728-00337943 heist thanks for a great presentation
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01650-00337944-00338151 what do you see as the future for
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01651-00338152-00338487 multiple uas flying simultaneously like
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01652-00338488-00338654 a swarm a network
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01653-00338655-00338878 to create the concept of a vertical
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01654-00338879-00339134 moving tower from both a science need
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01655-00339135-00339415 and from a practical implementation of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01656-00339416-00339782 the technology and logistics thanks
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01657-00339783-00339934 yeah terry thanks that's a really good
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01658-00339935-00340063 question i think there is a lot of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01659-00340064-00340278 promise for this and i think that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01660-00340279-00340503 um you know we've certainly operated
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01661-00340504-00340678 multiple aircraft at once i wouldn't
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01662-00340679-00340887 call it a swarm it's usually two i think
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01663-00340888-00341063 maybe at the most it's three
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01664-00341064-00341271 but um i do see
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01665-00341272-00341527 opportunities to increase those numbers
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01666-00341528-00341647 and i think
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01667-00341648-00341743 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01668-00341744-00341863 doing that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01669-00341864-00342103 some of that comes down to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01670-00342104-00342471 what's practical given the current
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01671-00342472-00342654 guidelines and regulations that the faa
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01672-00342655-00342958 has right so at the moment uh things are
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01673-00342959-00343110 set up in a way that for each aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01674-00343111-00343287 we need a separate pilot and separate
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01675-00343288-00343454 observer and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01676-00343455-00343687 if you start to put 10 or 12 aircraft up
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01677-00343688-00343839 at once that becomes a lot of people
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01678-00343840-00344054 which negates a lot of the cost savings
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01679-00344055-00344343 and other benefits that uas offer but
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01680-00344344-00344510 i think we can move in that direction
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01681-00344511-00344671 and i think that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01682-00344672-00344895 from a scientific perspective
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01683-00344896-00345047 having the ability to capture
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01684-00345048-00345271 simultaneous observations
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01685-00345272-00345471 uh at different altitudes or over
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01686-00345472-00345575 different
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01687-00345576-00345727 environments and i'll bring up the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01688-00345728-00345903 example of the lake michigan study again
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01689-00345904-00346054 we already know that the next time we go
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01690-00346055-00346239 back there we're bringing more than one
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01691-00346240-00346406 aircraft because ideally we want to be
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01692-00346407-00346695 able to profile simultaneously both
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01693-00346696-00346878 onshore and offshore instead of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01694-00346879-00347023 transitioning between the two all the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01695-00347024-00347167 time and then we can get kind of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01696-00347168-00347382 isolated
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01697-00347383-00347543 information over the different surface
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01698-00347544-00347743 types in kind of the marine side and the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01699-00347744-00347958 continental boundary layer side so i
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01700-00347959-00348078 think there's a lot of promise for
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01701-00348079-00348375 multiple aircraft operations and um we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01702-00348376-00348510 have to keep moving in that direction
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01703-00348511-00348727 and demonstrating to the faa and others
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01704-00348728-00348919 that we can do that safely and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01705-00348920-00349263 that there's benefits doing that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01706-00349264-00349510 great question thanks terry
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01707-00349511-00349734 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01708-00349735-00349927 we have a question from ned patton here
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01709-00349928-00350223 at mcubed and he asks perhaps i missed
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01710-00350224-00350399 it but have you characterized the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01711-00350400-00350695 miniflux observed momentum fluxes
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01712-00350696-00350951 as they relate to that observed by other
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01713-00350952-00351239 instrumentation i.e either the sonics at
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01714-00351240-00351534 marshall or the lidar at the same valley
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01715-00351535-00351847 or similarly with other instrumentation
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01716-00351848-00352175 during atomic or mosaic
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01717-00352176-00352358 yeah thank you that's a very good
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01718-00352359-00352551 question as well so i didn't present on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01719-00352552-00352823 that um i have done some comparisons uh
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01720-00352824-00352975 not for the momentum fluxes but for
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01721-00352976-00353199 sensible heat fluxes that we calculated
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01722-00353200-00353471 from the raven relative to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01723-00353472-00353599 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01724-00353600-00353703 trying to remember whether it was the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01725-00353704-00353919 sgp tower or the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01726-00353920-00354143 uh nrel tower i can't remember but we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01727-00354144-00354343 have done some comparisons between those
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01728-00354344-00354591 they generally compare well um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01729-00354592-00354703 it's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01730-00354704-00354895 i haven't published any of that so it's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01731-00354896-00355110 it's still in progress but but yes it is
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01732-00355111-00355358 on our screen to move that forward and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01733-00355359-00355558 document how well we
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01734-00355559-00355687 recreate those measurements from the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01735-00355688-00355967 aircraft
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01736-00355968-00356382 thank you ned
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01737-00356383-00356654 i think we have one final question
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01738-00356655-00356847 and this is a question from matthias
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01739-00356848-00357134 mathias steiner who is our director of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01740-00357135-00357463 aviation applications program at rao
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01741-00357464-00357687 and he says thank you for a stimulating
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01742-00357688-00357910 presentation it is great to see how far
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01743-00357911-00358127 you have come using these platforms to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01744-00358128-00358334 collect atmospheric data in challenging
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01745-00358335-00358575 environments have you thought of how to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01746-00358576-00358919 deploy uas platforms in urban landscapes
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01747-00358920-00359199 to collect data about wind turbulence
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01748-00359200-00359534 air quality or heat island
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01749-00359535-00359678 yeah that's also a really good question
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01750-00359679-00359895 i have thought about
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01751-00359896-00360134 these platforms to measure a lot of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01752-00360135-00360303 things that you mentioned here um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01753-00360304-00360543 specifically the heat island and air
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01754-00360544-00360854 quality come to mind as kind of critical
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01755-00360855-00361127 um observational needs in urban
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01756-00361128-00361247 environments
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01757-00361248-00361510 and um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01758-00361511-00361671 you know i i'll be honest and say i've
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01759-00361672-00361903 been very busy with the other campaigns
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01760-00361904-00362127 and haven't um dug deeply into how to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01761-00362128-00362303 best do this but part of me is actually
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01762-00362304-00362582 hoping that um it will be done for me
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01763-00362583-00362727 and i don't say that from the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01764-00362728-00362887 perspective of being lazy but i say that
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01765-00362888-00363063 from the perspective of
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01766-00363064-00363167 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01767-00363168-00363415 kind of the the air mobility side that's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01768-00363416-00363606 taking off and the particularly urban
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01769-00363607-00363830 air mobility which are you know delivery
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01770-00363831-00363982 platforms um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01771-00363983-00364191 air taxis things like this that are
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01772-00364192-00364343 started you know people are looking into
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01773-00364344-00364623 this as as viable means for
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01774-00364624-00364799 um
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01775-00364800-00364975 conducting business in the future and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01776-00364976-00365182 that ranges from amazon to pizza
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01777-00365183-00365454 delivery to to people delivery so if you
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01778-00365455-00365654 have these platforms operating in urban
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01779-00365655-00365863 landscapes um you no longer have to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01780-00365864-00366006 worry about how to best deploy them
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01781-00366007-00366167 they're already there and it's just a
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01782-00366168-00366303 matter of instrumenting them correctly
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01783-00366304-00366399 and that was actually part of the
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01784-00366400-00366599 motivation for miniflex
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01785-00366600-00366799 although miniflex is likely too large
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01786-00366800-00367078 for that specific application um but was
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01787-00367079-00367295 to develop a common package that could
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01788-00367296-00367551 be put out there to collect data from
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01789-00367552-00367719 platforms of opportunity that are flying
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01790-00367720-00368063 already
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01791-00368064-00368278 great final question i i see potential
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01792-00368279-00368623 area of collaboration there um guys
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01793-00368624-00368775 of course yeah
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01794-00368776-00369023 well i see we are past uh the seminar
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01795-00369024-00369230 hour if you are interested in dr
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01796-00369231-00369423 heisterburg's presentation and have
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01797-00369424-00369606 further questions please reach out to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01798-00369607-00369854 him via his email which is provided on
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01799-00369855-00370023 the seminar flyer
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01800-00370024-00370310 on behalf of eol and rao i would like to
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01801-00370311-00370575 thank dr devore on his excellent and
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01802-00370576-00370910 attractive presentation on uas's
+Imxh1RkoPjY-01803-00370911-00371383 thank you everyone and have a great day
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00000-00000003-00000229 for this problem we want to solve for X
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00001-00000231-00000473 in the equation the square root of 9x
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00002-00000474-00000808 plus 2 equals 14 we want to put the
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00003-00000809-00001019 radical sign on the left side by itself
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00004-00001019-00001220 so we're going to subtract 2 from both
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00005-00001221-00001448 sides of the equation giving us the
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00006-00001449-00001655 square root of 9x equals 12
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00007-00001655-00001907 to get rid of the radical sign we want
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00008-00001907-00002072 to square both sides of the equation
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00009-00002073-00002579 this gives us 9x equals 144 to isolate
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00010-00002580-00002800 the X we'll divide 9 from both sides of
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00011-00002801-00003158 the equation given us x equals 16 now we
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00012-00003159-00003319 have to check for an extraneous solution
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00013-00003320-00003622 so we'll plug X equal 16 into the
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00014-00003623-00003851 original equation this gives us the
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00015-00003852-00004217 square root of 9 times 16 plus 2 equals
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00016-00004218-00004715 14 this gives us 14 equals 14 which is
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00017-00004716-00004961 correct so the final solution is x
+J0UgOKu_LNo-00018-00004962-00005246 equals 16
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00000-00000000-00002495 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00001-00002496-00002575 yo what's up
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00002-00002576-00002775 and welcome back funny enough i actually
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00003-00002776-00002926 forgot about this puzzle i ordered it
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00004-00002927-00003015 back in december
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00005-00003016-00003166 had it delivered to me while i was in
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00006-00003167-00003327 vancouver it was in a box and i
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00007-00003328-00003479 discovered it was like oh my god i
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00008-00003479-00003695 forgot about this this is a really neat
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00009-00003696-00003815 looking puzzle i found on
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00010-00003815-00004079 etsy the maker by the name of ivan i
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00011-00004079-00004199 believe he's out of italy
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00012-00004200-00004511 and uh this is called the impossible box
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00013-00004512-00004647 so for those of you thinking this is
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00014-00004648-00004727 clickbait
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00015-00004728-00004927 it's the actual name of the box is
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00016-00004928-00005047 impossible box
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00017-00005048-00005302 alpha impossible box by the way this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00018-00005303-00005962 video is sponsored by first dot shop
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00019-00005963-00008583 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00020-00008584-00008783 without any further ado let's get into
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00021-00008784-00009174 solving the impossible box
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00022-00009175-00009351 here we go came with this letter the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00023-00009352-00009519 letter reads as follows
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00024-00009520-00009703 hi chris thank you for giving me the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00025-00009704-00009846 opportunity to grow
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00026-00009847-00010063 promote and implement a project that was
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00027-00010064-00010255 a simple dream here are some rules
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00028-00010256-00010471 external tools are absolutely not
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00029-00010472-00010687 required your mind and hands are enough
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00030-00010688-00010855 three insert the batteries
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00031-00010856-00011078 no light on under the box and proceed to
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00032-00011079-00011255 find the solution to activate and open
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00033-00011256-00011319 the box
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00034-00011320-00011535 phase one activate the box turn the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00035-00011536-00011695 light on and phase two
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00036-00011696-00011863 open the box remember the correct parts
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00037-00011864-00012055 when you reassemble the box good luck
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00038-00012056-00012199 ivan thank you ivan we have the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00039-00012200-00012374 batteries right here one two
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00040-00012375-00012710 three and four
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00041-00012711-00012894 there's no indication that this is on
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00042-00012895-00013071 right now as all the lights
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00043-00013072-00013407 are off so all four sides
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00044-00013408-00013615 cheers i don't know how much we'll use
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00045-00013616-00013766 the top angle on this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00046-00013768-00013958 um but just in case all right so on the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00047-00013959-00014151 back side we have what seems to be two
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00048-00014152-00014327 little drawers here these things move
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00049-00014328-00014519 a little bit and then we have this plate
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00050-00014519-00014638 here with some bolts
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00051-00014640-00014879 here as well we have two little portions
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00052-00014880-00015007 that might come out
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00053-00015008-00015271 and we have this grid here abc efg
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00054-00015272-00015422 abcdfg
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00055-00015423-00015663 so that is 7x7 with screws on the inside
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00056-00015663-00015743 and little lights
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00057-00015744-00015903 i'm expecting there has to be some type
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00058-00015904-00016094 of electronic connection there
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00059-00016095-00016494 on this side we have an insane amount of
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00060-00016495-00016758 what looks to be random numbers there
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00061-00016759-00016879 might be a pattern here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00062-00016880-00017271 i'm seeing a pattern 17 56 97
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00063-00017272-00017727 56 97 56 97 56 97 so there is like
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00064-00017728-00017991 some type of pattern here i don't fully
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00065-00017992-00018199 understand what that pattern is yet
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00066-00018200-00018422 and over here we have knobs with the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00067-00018423-00018519 numbers one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00068-00018520-00018735 over them and on the top as you can see
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00069-00018736-00018894 we have these buttons or knobs they
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00070-00018895-00019030 don't turn
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00071-00019031-00019230 and they can't be pressed in and they
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00072-00019231-00019335 also have
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00073-00019336-00019575 what seems to be are these lights it's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00074-00019576-00019663 our little dots
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00075-00019664-00019839 not entirely sure in a key and then it
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00076-00019840-00019967 says alpha here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00077-00019968-00021494 so i want to start here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00078-00021495-00022286 okay that goes almost all the way around
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00079-00022287-00022543 but not completely so seems to be some
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00080-00022544-00022847 type of sequence
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00081-00022848-00022975 it really feels like it's the only thing
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00082-00022976-00023167 i can do right now anyways
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00083-00023168-00023494 um again i think this obviously i don't
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00084-00023495-00023622 think it's random this is a puzzle
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00085-00023623-00023767 crafter there has to be some
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00086-00023768-00024014 method to the madness here and by the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00087-00024015-00024119 way this is a lid
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00088-00024120-00024327 this lid will open at the end as you can
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00089-00024328-00024503 see there are some hinges here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00090-00024504-00024719 what about where the ones are placed
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00091-00024720-00024958 here is that some type of indication
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00092-00024959-00025294 because these all say one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00093-00025295-00025687 so maybe like the first one's one seven
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00094-00025688-00026111 so one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00095-00026112-00026446 two three four five six seven or seven
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00096-00026447-00026727 one two three four five six seven uh
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00097-00026727-00026943 then we have
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00098-00026944-00027295 i guess if we go this way
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00099-00027295-00027887 we have one one one seven again
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00100-00027888-00028262 and one nine no
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00101-00028263-00028495 that was worth a shot apparently this is
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00102-00028495-00028607 super difficult there's a reason it's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00103-00028608-00029807 called the impossible box
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00104-00029808-00029990 this really does seem the only thing
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00105-00029991-00030127 seem like the only thing we can
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00106-00030127-00030318 we can do right here these look like
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00107-00030319-00030439 connectors like if i
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00108-00030439-00030599 put two wires here or something they
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00109-00030600-00030902 might uh light up
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00110-00030903-00031102 okay why would there be four there's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00111-00031103-00031255 four of them and they all have the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00112-00031256-00031431 number one is there anything here that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00113-00031432-00031502 has four
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00114-00031503-00031823 these bolts
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00115-00031824-00032055 ah they all have the number one okay
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00116-00032056-00032367 what about 17 how many 17s are there
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00117-00032368-00032702 one two three
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00118-00032703-00032865 four one two three
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00119-00032866-00033031 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00120-00033032-00033423 four there are only four 17s
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00121-00033424-00033662 one two three four five six seven one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00122-00033663-00033799 two three four five six
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00123-00033800-00033914 seven six seven
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00124-00033915-00034407 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00125-00034408-00034639 okay maybe i have to find four of each
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00126-00034640-00034718 so one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00127-00034719-00035118 seven um how about 11
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00128-00035119-00035390 how many 11's are there one just one how
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00129-00035391-00035487 about
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00130-00035488-00035743 13 how many 13s are there doesn't seem
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00131-00035744-00035830 to be more
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00132-00035831-00035974 imagine it was just the batteries that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00133-00035975-00036086 weren't placed correctly
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00134-00036087-00036246 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00135-00036247-00036483 oh my god one of them wasn't placed
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00136-00036484-00036902 correctly
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00137-00036903-00037039 just checking to see if the lights on
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00138-00037040-00037662 this side would illuminate
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00139-00037663-00037895 is this thing on i see why they call it
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00140-00037896-00038095 the impossible box
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00141-00038096-00038327 we're 12 minutes in with uh without
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00142-00038328-00038543 anything yet um i really the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00143-00038544-00038695 here's the thing i really don't want to
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00144-00038696-00038862 try trial and error because here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00145-00038863-00039174 there are what uh so 12 times 12 times
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00146-00039175-00039462 12 times 12.
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00147-00039463-00039815 there are 20 736 possibilities
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00148-00039816-00040135 uh if i go trial and error which tells
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00149-00040136-00040199 me
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00150-00040200-00040415 i should not go trial and error that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00151-00040416-00040567 there is another way of obtaining this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00152-00040568-00040646 information
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00153-00040647-00041030 um hopefully hopefully hopefully
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00154-00041031-00041311 why would there be four ones is there a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00155-00041312-00041407 row that has
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00156-00041408-00041639 four ones this one has three this one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00157-00041640-00041758 has one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00158-00041759-00042095 one this one has two four this one's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00159-00042096-00042135 four
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00160-00042136-00042495 okay any other ones this is
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00161-00042496-00042718 this one has four as well okay let's try
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00162-00042719-00042807 this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00163-00042808-00043135 here we go uh three
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00164-00043136-00043655 three two five okay that's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00165-00043656-00043958 no maybe if there are numbers in a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00166-00043959-00044143 square pattern because we do have a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00167-00044144-00044415 square pattern here that have ones i'm
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00168-00044416-00044718 really reaching for bits here uh we do
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00169-00044719-00044951 have corners and every corner except one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00170-00044952-00045207 has one this one has two eight that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00171-00045208-00045318 would have been good
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00172-00045319-00045502 let's look for a square pattern oh we
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00173-00045503-00045679 got three here so close
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00174-00045680-00045895 hmm i feel like that would have been a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00175-00045896-00046046 good solution i'm looking at these
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00176-00046047-00046135 numbers like the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00177-00046136-00046287 like a beautiful mind right now it's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00178-00046288-00046502 just trying to put together
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00179-00046503-00046911 some type of code
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00180-00046912-00047327 now again 17 or sorry 72
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00181-00047328-00047743 97 72 appears here and here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00182-00047744-00048030 so there is like a mathematical code
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00183-00048031-00048062 here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00184-00048063-00048286 seventeen ninety two hundred ninety
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00185-00048287-00048462 seven seven seven seventy two nine
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00186-00048463-00048711 seven thirty one seventeen fifty six
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00187-00048712-00048823 ninety seven
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00188-00048824-00049086 forty two thirty seven fifty seventeen
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00189-00049087-00049174 fifty 56
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00190-00049175-00049655 97 17 11 17 22 31 50 72
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00191-00049656-00050023 97 42 97 97 6 97 72
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00192-00050024-00050351 7 56 26 31 89
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00193-00050352-00050583 25 just doesn't make any sense this has
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00194-00050584-00050711 got to be a math problem
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00195-00050712-00050911 maybe it's finding the error in the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00196-00050912-00051143 pattern so it goes 17 56
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00197-00051144-00051550 97 72 then it goes 37
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00198-00051551-00051919 56 so instead of a 17 it's a 3 56 97
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00199-00051920-00052238 42 so instead of a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00200-00052239-00052599 7 it's a 4 31 56 instead of 37
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00201-00052600-00052991 56 it's 31 56 97
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00202-00052991-00053375 72 31 56 97 72
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00203-00053376-00053694 so the error here assuming that the 17
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00204-00053695-00053830 is right 17 56
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00205-00053832-00054166 97 72 37 56
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00206-00054167-00054526 97 42 so they're blocks of four
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00207-00054527-00054919 so 17 56 97 72
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00208-00054920-00055271 that is my pattern then
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00209-00055272-00055582 that one's off by two or would i have to
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00210-00055583-00055694 input the three
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00211-00055695-00055894 let's input the three let's input the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00212-00055895-00056015 seven here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00213-00056016-00056199 because the seven's wrong i guess we can
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00214-00056200-00056319 put the three again
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00215-00056320-00056711 this is driving me nuts here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00216-00056712-00056887 there's something that moves here maybe
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00217-00056888-00057223 maybe i'm missing something
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00218-00057224-00057703 here we go what is this what is this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00219-00057704-00058063 that's what that looks like
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00220-00058064-00058311 looks like somewhere to put a plug and
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00221-00058312-00058791 there's a light as well
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00222-00058791-00058911 unfortunately i don't think this will
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00223-00058912-00059126 help me until
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00224-00059127-00059475 i get something to plug in here perhaps
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00225-00059476-00059807 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00226-00059808-00060135 okay this drawer is locked
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00227-00060136-00060415 as is this one well that's interesting i
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00228-00060416-00060542 mean at least we found that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00229-00060544-00060679 yeah that's dirty in there it's not
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00230-00060679-00060887 coming out nothing moves in there either
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00231-00060888-00061199 so we move on on to the next one this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00232-00061200-00061494 does this this doesn't look like it
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00233-00061495-00061575 moves either
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00234-00061576-00061911 i love the idea like for sequential
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00235-00061912-00062006 discovery
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00236-00062007-00062342 puzzles such as this one big part of the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00237-00062344-00062559 fun is the discovery part and that's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00238-00062560-00062671 always been my favorite part of the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00239-00062672-00062863 puzzles is something to discover so when
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00240-00062864-00062991 you peel off something like this you're
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00241-00062991-00063135 like ah
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00242-00063136-00063350 here we go we've discovered something
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00243-00063351-00063479 and we have
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00244-00063479-00063799 this magnet attracted okay
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00245-00063800-00064094 now not sure if that's intentional but
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00246-00064095-00064150 we do
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00247-00064151-00064415 have the magnet being attracted to
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00248-00064416-00064535 certain numbers
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00249-00064536-00064823 looks like 23 here here looks like 32
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00250-00064824-00064911 maybe
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00251-00064912-00065182 maybe it's 12.
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00252-00065183-00065335 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00253-00065336-00066087 definitely 12.
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00254-00066088-00066294 what if it has what if it has something
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00255-00066295-00066599 to do with the legs
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00256-00066600-00067023 nope
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00257-00067024-00067711 this one seems to unscrew
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00258-00067712-00068203 oh let's go
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00259-00068204-00068343 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00260-00068344-00068982 let's come out
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00261-00068983-00069711 aha exactly what we were looking for
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00262-00069712-00070015 oh and it says one here hello
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00263-00070016-00070279 there's the digit one right there as
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00264-00070280-00070423 well as a magnet there
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00265-00070424-00070871 why is there a magnet there
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00266-00070872-00071215 it's a magnet and a spring
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00267-00071216-00071391 why would there be a magnet there so we
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00268-00071392-00071559 got these and i think we know where this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00269-00071560-00071655 goes
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00270-00071656-00072006 this should go
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00271-00072007-00072343 over here let's have a look
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00272-00072344-00073207 red and red black and black
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00273-00073208-00074282 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00274-00074283-00074523 colors
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00275-00074524-00074711 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00276-00074712-00075049 we have a light whoa
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00277-00075050-00075503 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00278-00075504-00075879 oh what that is
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00279-00075880-00076311 so cool number two
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00280-00076312-00076596 wow did not expect that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00281-00076597-00076847 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00282-00076848-00077159 we have also in here ah
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00283-00077160-00077494 little magnets little pawn
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00284-00077495-00077975 magnets uh
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00285-00077976-00078294 okay these seem to be
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00286-00078295-00078494 opposite of this so i'm guessing well
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00287-00078495-00078647 maybe
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00288-00078648-00078828 maybe
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00289-00078829-00079638 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00290-00079639-00079959 no but there oh
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00291-00079960-00080126 there are so many places that this these
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00292-00080127-00080479 could go and i'm i'm guessing
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00293-00080480-00081062 so remember there were magnets here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00294-00081063-00081726 oh wait actually
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00295-00081727-00082930 actually hold on
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00296-00082931-00083103 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00297-00083104-00083423 okay what does that do
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00298-00083424-00083599 what numbers do we have here and in what
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00299-00083600-00083815 order do they have to be
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00300-00083816-00084111 huh okay we're getting somewhere at
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00301-00084112-00084199 least
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00302-00084200-00084348 maybe unlocks the other drawer
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00303-00084349-00084911 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00304-00084912-00085135 so we have one and two we have these
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00305-00085136-00085318 things up here as well
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00306-00085319-00085694 and so the numbers here we have 12
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00307-00085695-00086038 29 72 35
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00308-00086039-00086431 or 35 12 72
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00309-00086432-00087215 29 35 3 plus 5 is 8.
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00310-00087216-00087631 twelve one plus two is three
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00311-00087632-00087964 seven plus two is nine
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00312-00087965-00088199 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00313-00088200-00088918 and two plus nine is eleven
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00314-00088919-00089303 false hmm and this says two on it
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00315-00089304-00089455 i think now's about time that we start
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00316-00089456-00089575 figuring this side out there's a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00317-00089576-00089750 landslide after that first thing
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00318-00089751-00089959 we start getting more and more clues
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00319-00089960-00090175 which uh hopefully
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00320-00090176-00090350 help us solve this puzzle there's a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00321-00090351-00090583 magnet in here for some reason
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00322-00090584-00090926 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00323-00090927-00091255 are these lights
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00324-00091256-00091382 just checking to see if any of the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00325-00091383-00091759 lights light up here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00326-00091760-00091926 what would those numbers have to do with
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00327-00091927-00092135 anything i think we know for a fact that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00328-00092136-00092215 these go
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00329-00092216-00092543 on here i'm willing to take that guess
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00330-00092544-00092694 because there are only four magnets and
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00331-00092695-00092847 they fit perfectly on those numbers so
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00332-00092848-00093023 those numbers are significant
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00333-00093024-00093382 the order of which is not apparent
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00334-00093383-00093638 and the value of which i don't
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00335-00093639-00093718 understand
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00336-00093719-00094023 35 these only go up to 12 which is why i
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00337-00094024-00094150 made the assumption that you should add
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00338-00094151-00094247 them together
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00339-00094248-00094406 there are more than 30 there are less
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00340-00094407-00094567 than 35 letters in the alphabet so
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00341-00094568-00094687 there's nothing to do with that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00342-00094688-00094959 lights here did not illuminate light
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00343-00094960-00095238 back here is still
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00344-00095239-00095591 on this drawer still needs to be opened
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00345-00095592-00095806 i don't understand the reason for the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00346-00095807-00096015 magnet because there is no magnet under
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00347-00096016-00096055 there
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00348-00096056-00096382 was it to simply hold those two plugs so
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00349-00096383-00096550 they wouldn't rattle around
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00350-00096551-00096687 could be remember craig thibodeau's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00351-00096688-00096855 puzzle i had to reverse
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00352-00096856-00097071 draw sometimes in order to unlock other
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00353-00097072-00097174 things
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00354-00097175-00097387 interesting
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00355-00097388-00097559 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00356-00097560-00097767 oh what if i got it all wrong what if
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00357-00097768-00097918 these ones
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00358-00097919-00098071 this is you probably already told me
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00359-00098072-00098359 this in the comments what if these ones
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00360-00098360-00098615 are where it starts i've been counting
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00361-00098616-00098767 like this the entire time i've been
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00362-00098768-00098838 going one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00363-00098839-00099087 two three what if it's one because
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00364-00099088-00099238 that's where the one is and that's why
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00365-00099239-00099367 you put those ones there
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00366-00099368-00099703 so let's try this let's say
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00367-00099704-00100031 these are respectively
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00368-00100032-00100335 these right so the top left one would be
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00369-00100336-00100518 this one which would be three so we go
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00370-00100519-00100559 one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00371-00100560-00100847 two three uh top right one would be
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00372-00100848-00100903 eight
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00373-00100904-00101126 it's 35 so three plus five would be
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00374-00101127-00101176 eight
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00375-00101177-00101311 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00376-00101312-00101567 one two three four five six seven eight
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00377-00101568-00101735 okay
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00378-00101736-00102087 that's 11 2 3
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00379-00102088-00102391 what two three four five six seven eight
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00380-00102392-00102447 nine
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00381-00102448-00102766 ten eleven and the last one would be
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00382-00102767-00103094 nine it'll be 72 so nine
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00383-00103095-00104342 two three four five six seven eight nine
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00384-00104343-00104575 okay not it i mean it makes sense that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00385-00104576-00104718 those were the corners so maybe i just
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00386-00104719-00104958 got that wrong so let's try this again
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00387-00104959-00105351 three so one two three let's go 11
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00388-00105352-00105854 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00389-00105855-00106167 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00390-00106168-00106399 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00391-00106400-00107454 9 2 3 four five six seven eight nine
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00392-00107455-00107883 no i believe i'm on to something tries
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00393-00107883-00108497 again
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00394-00108498-00110031 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00395-00110032-00110104 let's go
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00396-00110105-00110486 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00397-00110488-00110743 let's go alright so we have a giant
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00398-00110744-00110799 magnet
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00399-00110800-00111239 here and we have this little bit of wire
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00400-00111240-00111607 here we go yes sir now this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00401-00111608-00111878 this little bit of wire we all know look
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00402-00111879-00111999 number three
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00403-00112000-00112223 there we go this little bit of wire
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00404-00112224-00112588 definitely goes here we have this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00405-00112589-00112815 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00406-00112816-00113223 oh look at that let's turn this around
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00407-00113224-00113682 real quick uh these came out
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00408-00113683-00114183 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00409-00114183-00115278 oh so sick
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00410-00115279-00115583 what the heck is this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00411-00115583-00115943 what is this cog wheels huh
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00412-00115944-00116327 cogwheels go on top oh my god
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00413-00116328-00116631 this is so sick
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00414-00116632-00116895 okay so oh this is getting better and
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00415-00116896-00117031 better
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00416-00117032-00117358 i'm really excited we have letters
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00417-00117359-00117599 on these things are they all the same
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00418-00117600-00117710 let me just check
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00419-00117711-00118039 so how do we know which ones go on which
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00420-00118040-00118599 oh the number of cogs one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00421-00118600-00118766 the number of sorry the number of things
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00422-00118767-00118919 uh so we have uh
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00423-00118920-00119271 this one then it goes this one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00424-00119272-00119615 and again i don't know in which order
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00425-00119616-00119919 and then this one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00426-00119920-00120231 and then this one very cool uh
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00427-00120232-00120431 what does that give us so first of all
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00428-00120432-00120654 let's play around with these wires here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00429-00120655-00120878 okay okay so they're going to give us a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00430-00120879-00120983 word here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00431-00120983-00121366 is that it
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00432-00121367-00121686 what if the word is alf as in
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00433-00121688-00121996 as in alpha
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00434-00121997-00122334 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00435-00122335-00122463 so what if we have to find the word
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00436-00122464-00122686 alpha a a l
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00437-00122688-00122831 how does that work how do you spell
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00438-00122832-00122958 anything with this it's really
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00439-00122959-00123078 mesmerizing wasn't it
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00440-00123079-00123527 how would you spell anything with this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00441-00123528-00123806 a l p h
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00442-00123807-00124158 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00443-00124159-00124310 i'm not sure what that gives us but
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00444-00124311-00124471 that's what i spelt up there
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00445-00124472-00124663 let's go back to the wires let's try to
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00446-00124664-00124863 light these babies up
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00447-00124864-00125134 so we'll try a why does it only go up to
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00448-00125135-00125175 g
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00449-00125176-00125463 as well am i supposed to spell something
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00450-00125464-00125583 i mean there could be so many
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00451-00125583-00125719 possibilities here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00452-00125720-00125927 because it gives me it gave me that tool
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00453-00125928-00126078 with a magnet at the same time it gave
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00454-00126079-00126166 me those wires
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00455-00126167-00126575 there's got to be some type of
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00456-00126576-00126878 so if i spell alpha here a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00457-00126879-00127239 l p h i spell alph the letters that are
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00458-00127240-00127543 connecting perhaps
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00459-00127544-00127695 are what we have to go for and the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00460-00127696-00127886 letters connecting here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00461-00127888-00128319 c and a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00462-00128320-00128719 c and a no because other than that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00463-00128720-00128910 is r there's an h and there's an i all
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00464-00128911-00129039 of which are not found
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00465-00129040-00129351 on that diagram all these little dots
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00466-00129352-00129686 be f e i
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00467-00129688-00129999 b or f e c
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00468-00130000-00130302 a wait maybe alpha has to be like this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00469-00130303-00130663 a l p h
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00470-00130664-00131007 now the a that makes sense to me
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00471-00131008-00131278 if you hold it this way or maybe it's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00472-00131279-00131375 backwards
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00473-00131376-00132166 maybe it should be a l ph
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00474-00132167-00132351 so i know that these cogwheels have to
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00475-00132352-00132647 spell a word
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00476-00132648-00132807 and then i'm guessing that word is going
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00477-00132808-00133063 to give me
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00478-00133064-00133366 some combination of letters to use this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00479-00133367-00133463 wire with
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00480-00133464-00133766 one i mean this it's i guess it's just
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00481-00133767-00133871 about finding what that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00482-00133872-00134087 word is and what the orientation of
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00483-00134088-00134231 these wheels are and what the order of
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00484-00134232-00134343 these wheels are
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00485-00134344-00134483 and there's definitely something i'm
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00486-00134484-00135111 missing
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00487-00135112-00135511 aha
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00488-00135512-00135975 there it is 3 6 4 2 and then eb
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00489-00135976-00136275 and fg three six four two
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00490-00136276-00136431 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00491-00136432-00136663 three six four two oh the wheels maybe
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00492-00136664-00136735 three six
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00493-00136736-00136931 four two three
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00494-00136932-00137095 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00495-00137096-00137454 six four two uh-huh
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00496-00137455-00137823 six four
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00497-00137824-00138047 we're going to spell alpha again or alph
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00498-00138048-00138135 for another
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00499-00138136-00138320 three six four two
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00500-00138321-00138495 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00501-00138496-00138799 boom so e b f
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00502-00138800-00139151 g f g
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00503-00139152-00139298 no
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00504-00139299-00139527 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00505-00139528-00139919 and where f meets g right here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00506-00139920-00140311 nope oh
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00507-00140312-00140654 oh we've got a light
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00508-00140655-00140966 i tried cbdf all right let's try another
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00509-00140967-00141175 one here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00510-00141176-00141359 uh because these when i when i turn
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00511-00141360-00141502 these i don't know if you can see that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00512-00141503-00141790 on that camera but
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00513-00141791-00142047 there are letters here and i spelt the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00514-00142048-00142211 word alf
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00515-00142212-00142502 a-l-p-h-a-l-p-h and by turning them now
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00516-00142503-00142763 they give me different letters like here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00517-00142764-00143063 d-e-f-e let's try that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00518-00143064-00143383 d e f
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00519-00143384-00143783 e
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00520-00143784-00144119 no how about this one e b f g let's try
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00521-00144120-00144414 that eb
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00522-00144415-00144556 f g no
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00523-00144557-00145502 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00524-00145503-00145823 and i will verify once again f d
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00525-00145824-00146166 b g and i think that's the one i had f
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00526-00146167-00146575 d b g
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00527-00146576-00147007 e c g a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00528-00147008-00147390 oh there we go we got two ecg how did i
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00529-00147391-00147487 miss that last time
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00530-00147488-00147790 okay let's go to the next one f d
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00531-00147791-00148102 b g
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00532-00148103-00148678 f d b g
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00533-00148679-00149063 f d b g yes
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00534-00149064-00149319 got it and the last one probably this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00535-00149320-00149478 one e b
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00536-00149479-00149854 f g e b
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00537-00149855-00150631 f g d-e-f-e
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00538-00150632-00150875 yeah all four
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00539-00150876-00150990 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00540-00150991-00151623 whoa let's go
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00541-00151624-00151926 we have the key what was this then
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00542-00151927-00152159 what was this for then i feel like the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00543-00152160-00152311 code on this thing was kind of useless
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00544-00152312-00152463 then we didn't really use it
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00545-00152464-00153014 let's open the box
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00546-00153015-00153351 boom
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00547-00153352-00153519 there's nothing inside well the box is
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00548-00153520-00153654 open but there's nothing inside
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00549-00153655-00153847 i was hoping for a little bit of a good
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00550-00153848-00153983 job for doing
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00551-00153984-00154166 the puzzle but honestly i've had the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00552-00154167-00154326 most fun solving this puzzle
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00553-00154327-00154647 uh a perfect mix of technology
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00554-00154648-00155063 and just you know these mechanisms these
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00555-00155064-00155166 drawers that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00556-00155167-00155351 shoot out i mean so much fun the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00557-00155352-00155483 discovery here is
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00558-00155484-00155799 insane really really happy with this
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00559-00155800-00156054 extremely happy still looking for a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00560-00156055-00156351 secret prize
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00561-00156352-00156590 oh well that was great now we got to put
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00562-00156591-00156702 it back together that's right
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00563-00156703-00157063 okay so let's start with closing the box
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00564-00157064-00157263 locking it up we had drawer number four
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00565-00157264-00157511 pop out which is this one here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00566-00157512-00157926 this one goes there this drawer goes
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00567-00157927-00158254 here boom locked in
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00568-00158255-00158471 now obviously drawer number three which
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00569-00158472-00158607 is this one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00570-00158608-00158935 yes and what did this one have in
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00571-00158936-00159151 here this one had the wire and the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00572-00159152-00159295 magnet that's right the wire and the
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00573-00159296-00159383 magnet
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00574-00159384-00159711 roll that wire up the big magnet here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00575-00159712-00160039 big magnet this goes in drawer number
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00576-00160040-00160119 three
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00577-00160120-00160407 we got drawer number two which had tiny
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00578-00160408-00160623 colored magnets
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00579-00160624-00160831 like i would do this puzzle again just
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00580-00160832-00160959 because of
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00581-00160960-00161166 how fun it was to play with this is
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00582-00161167-00161311 drawer number two
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00583-00161312-00161519 we can take out these things here which
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00584-00161520-00161735 would make drawer number two eject
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00585-00161736-00162047 uh the plate can go back here
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00586-00162048-00162439 and drawer number one we had these
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00587-00162440-00162807 and this was locked in there
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00588-00162808-00163087 wow the reset on this is quite easy
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00589-00163088-00163175 which
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00590-00163176-00163423 is always so much fun it makes you want
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00591-00163424-00163535 to
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00592-00163536-00163678 let your friends play with the puzzles
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00593-00163679-00163775 because when the puzzles are too
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00594-00163776-00163911 complicated to put back and they
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00595-00163912-00164047 actually like
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00596-00164048-00164238 you know you're racking your brain too
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00597-00164239-00164414 much then you you really just don't want
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00598-00164415-00164487 to take them
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00599-00164488-00164854 out of their uh initial state
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00600-00164855-00165199 this one however totally fine
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00601-00165200-00165414 because i'm very confident that i could
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00602-00165415-00165599 solve it pretty quickly at this point
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00603-00165600-00165695 which is fun
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00604-00165696-00165878 you got little magnets attached here i
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00605-00165879-00166031 think yeah boom look at that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00606-00166032-00166343 how satisfying is that watch us
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00607-00166344-00166926 boom imagine every screw did that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00608-00166927-00167254 the alpha enigma box wow uh a delight
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00609-00167255-00167607 a pleasure an amazing an amazing amazing
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00610-00167608-00167671 puzzle
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00611-00167672-00167878 this runs around a thousand dollars um
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00612-00167879-00167999 honestly
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00613-00168000-00168199 personal opinion as far as puzzles go
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00614-00168200-00168366 and the puzzle market obviously puzzles
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00615-00168367-00168599 uh are a lot of money especially custom
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00616-00168600-00168735 ones um
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00617-00168736-00168966 and i would i would have happily paid
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00618-00168967-00169078 two or three thousand dollars
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00619-00169079-00169295 for a puzzle of this quality so very
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00620-00169296-00169454 happy about that well hot
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00621-00169455-00169726 dang there you go ladies and gentlemen
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00622-00169727-00169759 that
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00623-00169760-00170095 is the impossible box solved
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00624-00170096-00170495 total solve time i would say probably
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00625-00170496-00170935 why is this april fool's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00626-00170936-00171231 hey there we go this is a late april
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00627-00171232-00171319 fool's joke
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00628-00171320-00171502 the best april fool's joker after april
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00629-00171503-00171623 fools this was a
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00630-00171624-00171814 super fun puzzle probably the most fun
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00631-00171815-00171983 i've had solving a puzzle in a while
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00632-00171984-00172166 i could i can't say enough good things
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00633-00172167-00172343 about this i highly recommend checking
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00634-00172344-00172495 it out if he has any left
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00635-00172496-00172654 i messaged him and he did say he's
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00636-00172655-00172838 working on another puzzle but for now i
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00637-00172839-00172911 think uh
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00638-00172912-00173159 it's about it so i don't know go bombard
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00639-00173160-00173247 him with orders
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00640-00173248-00173447 if he has anything left guys thanks for
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00641-00173448-00173623 watching hit the like button
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00642-00173624-00173775 if you enjoy this video and we'll see
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00643-00173776-00175412 you on the next one
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00644-00175413-00175990 [Music]
+J4QkFu3ELVQ-00645-00175991-00176200 you
+JqrsW3LBORg-00000-00000056-00000279 hi everyone dr saul here in beverly
+JqrsW3LBORg-00001-00000280-00000526 hills today i'm going to lecture you
+JqrsW3LBORg-00002-00000527-00000991 guys on mini tummy tuck and tummy tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00003-00000992-00001111 otherwise
+JqrsW3LBORg-00004-00001112-00001447 by another fancy word abdominoplasty
+JqrsW3LBORg-00005-00001448-00001710 so tummy tuck and abdominoplasty are
+JqrsW3LBORg-00006-00001711-00001959 interchangeable and they're just fancy
+JqrsW3LBORg-00007-00001960-00002263 words used by your surgeon to
+JqrsW3LBORg-00008-00002264-00002534 talk about excess skin excision that's
+JqrsW3LBORg-00009-00002535-00002847 all it is it's excess skin excision no
+JqrsW3LBORg-00010-00002848-00003047 no more no less
+JqrsW3LBORg-00011-00003048-00003375 so let's go to um tummy tucks why do we
+JqrsW3LBORg-00012-00003376-00003719 need them uh during pregnancy this you
+JqrsW3LBORg-00013-00003720-00004111 get sagging skin your muscles uh
+JqrsW3LBORg-00014-00004112-00004391 open up so you need to put them back
+JqrsW3LBORg-00015-00004392-00004695 together weight loss different things
+JqrsW3LBORg-00016-00004696-00005022 causes the abdominal skin and the muscle
+JqrsW3LBORg-00017-00005023-00005286 to stretch out and that's when tummy
+JqrsW3LBORg-00018-00005287-00005622 tuck abdominoplasty comes into play
+JqrsW3LBORg-00019-00005623-00005702 so
+JqrsW3LBORg-00020-00005703-00006015 before we go talk about mini tummy tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00021-00006016-00006270 or full tummy tuck there are actually
+JqrsW3LBORg-00022-00006271-00006510 five different ways we could describe
+JqrsW3LBORg-00023-00006511-00006703 tummy tucks there's the mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00024-00006704-00006855 abdominoplasty
+JqrsW3LBORg-00025-00006856-00007134 the thing i want to point out is i have
+JqrsW3LBORg-00026-00007136-00007439 this question asked a lot from me look
+JqrsW3LBORg-00027-00007440-00007727 at the mini abdominoplasty incision it
+JqrsW3LBORg-00028-00007728-00008063 goes from side to side look at that it's
+JqrsW3LBORg-00029-00008064-00008407 almost as the full tummy tuck this is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00030-00008408-00008527 one
+JqrsW3LBORg-00031-00008528-00008799 cap this is one cartoon or pictorial
+JqrsW3LBORg-00032-00008800-00008999 which actually
+JqrsW3LBORg-00033-00009000-00009263 addresses how long the incision is a lot
+JqrsW3LBORg-00034-00009264-00009542 of patients come in and think uh mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00035-00009543-00009751 tummy tucks means a mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00036-00009752-00010063 scar that's not correct that's the whole
+JqrsW3LBORg-00037-00010064-00010306 point of our lecture is that a mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00038-00010307-00010646 abdominoplasty incision is almost as
+JqrsW3LBORg-00039-00010647-00010910 long as a full abdominoplasty
+JqrsW3LBORg-00040-00010911-00011063 there's also something called the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00041-00011064-00011374 umbilical float umbilical float is when
+JqrsW3LBORg-00042-00011375-00011710 they cut the umbilicus and float it down
+JqrsW3LBORg-00043-00011711-00011870 i don't like that
+JqrsW3LBORg-00044-00011871-00012159 never use it it it
+JqrsW3LBORg-00045-00012160-00012399 it throws off the proportionality of the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00046-00012400-00012551 abdomen
+JqrsW3LBORg-00047-00012552-00012863 for big patients which have a lot of
+JqrsW3LBORg-00048-00012863-00013063 weight loss we do what's called the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00049-00013063-00013422 floor delay you can see it's right here
+JqrsW3LBORg-00050-00013423-00013566 floor delete
+JqrsW3LBORg-00051-00013568-00013758 excision of
+JqrsW3LBORg-00052-00013759-00014047 skin this is people that have also
+JqrsW3LBORg-00053-00014047-00014286 access not only on the vertical but on
+JqrsW3LBORg-00054-00014287-00014566 the horizontal so it needs to be brought
+JqrsW3LBORg-00055-00014568-00014855 in in each way it's also called the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00056-00014856-00014999 inverted t
+JqrsW3LBORg-00057-00015000-00015286 and then the ultimate one is the belt
+JqrsW3LBORg-00058-00015287-00015511 lipectomy which it goes all the way
+JqrsW3LBORg-00059-00015512-00015943 around circular
+JqrsW3LBORg-00060-00015944-00016222 so another pictorial to show the types
+JqrsW3LBORg-00061-00016223-00016375 of tummy tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00062-00016376-00016630 this is a wrong pictorial they showed it
+JqrsW3LBORg-00063-00016631-00016911 that they started that the incision goes
+JqrsW3LBORg-00064-00016912-00017150 all the way top and they start fixing
+JqrsW3LBORg-00065-00017151-00017230 the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00066-00017231-00017519 uh muscle above the belly button by
+JqrsW3LBORg-00067-00017520-00017711 definition when you're talking a mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00068-00017712-00018047 abdominoplasty you do not go above the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00069-00018048-00018350 umbilicus so only thing that gets fixed
+JqrsW3LBORg-00070-00018351-00018719 is below the belly button number two is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00071-00018720-00018958 look at the incision they made this is a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00072-00018959-00019247 wrong pictorial the incision is longer
+JqrsW3LBORg-00073-00019248-00019494 and i'll explain to you why this is a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00074-00019495-00019735 full abdominoplasty we go all the way
+JqrsW3LBORg-00075-00019736-00019967 from the top to bottom do the internal
+JqrsW3LBORg-00076-00019968-00020094 corset
+JqrsW3LBORg-00077-00020095-00020391 extended abdominoplasty is for people
+JqrsW3LBORg-00078-00020392-00020663 that have extended skin we'll go over
+JqrsW3LBORg-00079-00020664-00020927 that and this is for a body lift which
+JqrsW3LBORg-00080-00020928-00021183 goes all the way around you can see from
+JqrsW3LBORg-00081-00021184-00021407 front to back which is also called the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00082-00021408-00021783 belt lipectomy
+JqrsW3LBORg-00083-00021784-00022030 another pictorial i found on the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00084-00022031-00022343 internet which is again wrong
+JqrsW3LBORg-00085-00022344-00022622 look at what it says short scar mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00086-00022623-00022911 mini standard extended
+JqrsW3LBORg-00087-00022912-00023111 when you're talking about these mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00088-00023112-00023430 ones you're talking about such a small
+JqrsW3LBORg-00089-00023431-00023750 skin removal that's not even worth it
+JqrsW3LBORg-00090-00023751-00023863 remember
+JqrsW3LBORg-00091-00023864-00024135 when we're talking about mini or
+JqrsW3LBORg-00092-00024136-00024422 standard or extended we're also talking
+JqrsW3LBORg-00093-00024423-00024671 about the vertical not just the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00094-00024672-00025135 horizontal depending on how high we go
+JqrsW3LBORg-00095-00025136-00025286 so here's
+JqrsW3LBORg-00096-00025287-00025550 one key definition i want you guys to
+JqrsW3LBORg-00097-00025551-00025822 understand when we talk about mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00098-00025823-00026046 against full tummy tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00099-00026047-00026318 it depends on if anything is done to the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00100-00026319-00026462 belly button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00101-00026463-00026631 you can see this
+JqrsW3LBORg-00102-00026632-00026895 the different scope of things if you're
+JqrsW3LBORg-00103-00026895-00027174 doing a mini you're just removing this
+JqrsW3LBORg-00104-00027175-00027431 little piece of skin right here you see
+JqrsW3LBORg-00105-00027432-00027511 that
+JqrsW3LBORg-00106-00027512-00027711 nothing needs to be done to the belly
+JqrsW3LBORg-00107-00027712-00027839 button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00108-00027839-00027918 but
+JqrsW3LBORg-00109-00027919-00028239 if you're doing the full tummy tuck the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00110-00028239-00028487 thing that has to be done is the belly
+JqrsW3LBORg-00111-00028488-00028807 button gets isolated the skin is brought
+JqrsW3LBORg-00112-00028808-00028895 down
+JqrsW3LBORg-00113-00028895-00029111 and the belly button is brought out
+JqrsW3LBORg-00114-00029112-00029414 through the new skin
+JqrsW3LBORg-00115-00029416-00029574 so
+JqrsW3LBORg-00116-00029575-00029814 um let's go over it again full tummy
+JqrsW3LBORg-00117-00029816-00030070 tuck it involves the upper lower abdomen
+JqrsW3LBORg-00118-00030072-00030383 contouring trimming excess tissue and
+JqrsW3LBORg-00119-00030383-00030631 tightening the abdominal muscle with the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00120-00030632-00030951 internal corset mini tummy tuck even
+JqrsW3LBORg-00121-00030952-00031183 this cartoon got the incision right at
+JqrsW3LBORg-00122-00031183-00031390 least you could see the incisions are
+JqrsW3LBORg-00123-00031391-00031702 almost the same it's for lower abdomen
+JqrsW3LBORg-00124-00031703-00031911 below the belly button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00125-00031912-00032279 and removal of tissue
+JqrsW3LBORg-00126-00032280-00032535 again another incision that was depicted
+JqrsW3LBORg-00127-00032536-00032831 wrong in the internet they put this
+JqrsW3LBORg-00128-00032832-00033215 little red line as a mini abdominal
+JqrsW3LBORg-00129-00033216-00033455 plasti that means that you could
+JqrsW3LBORg-00130-00033456-00033687 literally remove this much skin
+JqrsW3LBORg-00131-00033688-00033974 a real mini abdominoplasty is this this
+JqrsW3LBORg-00132-00033975-00034302 is a c-section scar not a mini abdominal
+JqrsW3LBORg-00133-00034303-00034502 plasti
+JqrsW3LBORg-00134-00034503-00034631 so
+JqrsW3LBORg-00135-00034632-00034967 one more way to look at it is a full
+JqrsW3LBORg-00136-00034968-00035367 tummy tuck and a mini tummy tuck for the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00137-00035368-00035679 full you could see that the muscle is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00138-00035680-00035862 the skin is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00139-00035863-00036215 lifted all the way to the sternal notch
+JqrsW3LBORg-00140-00036216-00036495 and we clean it out and we pull it down
+JqrsW3LBORg-00141-00036496-00036774 and we tighten the muscle and here's the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00142-00036775-00037039 scar
+JqrsW3LBORg-00143-00037040-00037111 for
+JqrsW3LBORg-00144-00037112-00037407 the mini you can see the skin elevation
+JqrsW3LBORg-00145-00037408-00037646 is only to the belly button there's the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00146-00037647-00037895 belly button there it is and you can see
+JqrsW3LBORg-00147-00037896-00038199 the skin excision is very minute and
+JqrsW3LBORg-00148-00038200-00038479 it's way below the belly button and we
+JqrsW3LBORg-00149-00038480-00038695 could only fix
+JqrsW3LBORg-00150-00038696-00038974 the separation below the belly button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00151-00038975-00039239 you can't go above and the scar is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00152-00039240-00039815 depicted wrong this is the true scar
+JqrsW3LBORg-00153-00039816-00040174 so again mini touch versus i just i just
+JqrsW3LBORg-00154-00040175-00040374 went through and took out these pictures
+JqrsW3LBORg-00155-00040375-00040646 because i always get this console oh i
+JqrsW3LBORg-00156-00040647-00040879 just want a little scar let's do a mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00157-00040880-00041135 tuck that's not the definition
+JqrsW3LBORg-00158-00041136-00041430 so a mini tuck do you see how much skin
+JqrsW3LBORg-00159-00041431-00041567 you could remove
+JqrsW3LBORg-00160-00041568-00041846 it's such a small little bit and only
+JqrsW3LBORg-00161-00041847-00042127 the internal corset is done in the lower
+JqrsW3LBORg-00162-00042128-00042374 quarter of the incision and this is the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00163-00042375-00042735 skin removal that's a c-section not a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00164-00042736-00042935 mini tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00165-00042936-00043246 for a real tuck you could see that the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00166-00043247-00043495 belly button is isolated
+JqrsW3LBORg-00167-00043496-00043751 and you can see the skin excision with
+JqrsW3LBORg-00168-00043752-00044023 the fat attached to it and then the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00169-00044024-00044287 muscle is brought together and the scar
+JqrsW3LBORg-00170-00044288-00044671 is closed and the belly button is closed
+JqrsW3LBORg-00171-00044672-00044767 so
+JqrsW3LBORg-00172-00044768-00044974 here is again you could see the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00173-00044975-00045118 isolation
+JqrsW3LBORg-00174-00045119-00045423 the removal the muscle together and the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00175-00045424-00045630 closure
+JqrsW3LBORg-00176-00045631-00045911 so what's the separation of the muscle
+JqrsW3LBORg-00177-00045912-00046102 remember when
+JqrsW3LBORg-00178-00046103-00046439 people gain weight or have a child
+JqrsW3LBORg-00179-00046440-00046743 there the abdominal cavity where where
+JqrsW3LBORg-00180-00046744-00046974 in the uterus where the kid where the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00181-00046975-00047158 baby is growing
+JqrsW3LBORg-00182-00047159-00047423 behind you you have the sacral bone so
+JqrsW3LBORg-00183-00047424-00047735 there's no expansion posteriorly
+JqrsW3LBORg-00184-00047736-00048007 on the lateral you have your pelvic bone
+JqrsW3LBORg-00185-00048008-00048279 there's no expansion laterally
+JqrsW3LBORg-00186-00048280-00048527 the only way you can expand
+JqrsW3LBORg-00187-00048528-00048871 with soft tissue is the abdomen
+JqrsW3LBORg-00188-00048872-00049095 and depending on what type of pelvis
+JqrsW3LBORg-00189-00049096-00049279 they have usually females have four
+JqrsW3LBORg-00190-00049280-00049518 different types of pelvises depending
+JqrsW3LBORg-00191-00049519-00049830 how deep or narrow your pelvis is the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00192-00049831-00050046 only way you can accommodate the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00193-00050047-00050430 pregnancy is by separation of the muscle
+JqrsW3LBORg-00194-00050431-00050711 usually before pregnancy or weight gain
+JqrsW3LBORg-00195-00050712-00050983 the muscle is as such that's why we call
+JqrsW3LBORg-00196-00050984-00051230 it a six pack eight pack they're nicely
+JqrsW3LBORg-00197-00051232-00051590 together the linea alba is very thin all
+JqrsW3LBORg-00198-00051591-00051863 together up and down but what happens
+JqrsW3LBORg-00199-00051864-00052126 during pregnancy or weight gain because
+JqrsW3LBORg-00200-00052127-00052494 it's just it's very thin it can expand
+JqrsW3LBORg-00201-00052495-00052775 look at the linea alba expansion all the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00202-00052776-00052959 way up and down
+JqrsW3LBORg-00203-00052960-00053230 on this patient it's only the lower half
+JqrsW3LBORg-00204-00053232-00053535 so it's open below nasal
+JqrsW3LBORg-00205-00053536-00053750 navel diastasis
+JqrsW3LBORg-00206-00053751-00054079 then this one is up open above
+JqrsW3LBORg-00207-00054079-00054375 and this one is completely open not not
+JqrsW3LBORg-00208-00054376-00054766 only uh vertically but horizontally too
+JqrsW3LBORg-00209-00054767-00055142 so there's different kinds of diastasis
+JqrsW3LBORg-00210-00055144-00055382 this is a patient laying down you could
+JqrsW3LBORg-00211-00055383-00055607 see this is the linea alba i was talking
+JqrsW3LBORg-00212-00055608-00055807 to you guys about this is a patient
+JqrsW3LBORg-00213-00055808-00056047 laying down the linea alba you can see
+JqrsW3LBORg-00214-00056048-00056294 it's very it's only like probably a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00215-00056295-00056559 centimeter or so normally and you can
+JqrsW3LBORg-00216-00056560-00056759 see this is the rectus muscle this is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00217-00056760-00057023 the rectus muscle and it's wrapped into
+JqrsW3LBORg-00218-00057024-00057391 fascia so this patient is laying down
+JqrsW3LBORg-00219-00057391-00057679 during pregnancy or weight gain look at
+JqrsW3LBORg-00220-00057679-00058015 how long the linear album becomes as
+JqrsW3LBORg-00221-00058016-00058287 opposed to this one centimeter it
+JqrsW3LBORg-00222-00058288-00058694 stretches out so you don't have the the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00223-00058695-00058966 straight wall you have a more don't
+JqrsW3LBORg-00224-00058967-00059230 shape abdomen so what we do during
+JqrsW3LBORg-00225-00059232-00059519 surgery is that we plicate it and make
+JqrsW3LBORg-00226-00059520-00059807 this smaller we don't cut it but we fold
+JqrsW3LBORg-00227-00059808-00060150 it on top of each other
+JqrsW3LBORg-00228-00060151-00060399 so what's the internal core set and
+JqrsW3LBORg-00229-00060400-00060623 everything i keep talking about
+JqrsW3LBORg-00230-00060624-00060942 so this is the normal rectus no gap
+JqrsW3LBORg-00231-00060944-00061166 everything is nice and tight
+JqrsW3LBORg-00232-00061167-00061375 look what happens when pregnancy or
+JqrsW3LBORg-00233-00061376-00061687 weight gain to accommodate the pregnancy
+JqrsW3LBORg-00234-00061688-00061999 or to accommodate excess fat the muscle
+JqrsW3LBORg-00235-00062000-00062215 is separated
+JqrsW3LBORg-00236-00062216-00062471 you see the gap the rectus abdominis
+JqrsW3LBORg-00237-00062472-00062759 muscle separates now two things happen
+JqrsW3LBORg-00238-00062760-00063030 not only does this separate but it also
+JqrsW3LBORg-00239-00063032-00063287 pulls out this way you can see how she
+JqrsW3LBORg-00240-00063288-00063615 has a very narrow waistline here but
+JqrsW3LBORg-00241-00063616-00063982 with this loosening up it it pulls out
+JqrsW3LBORg-00242-00063983-00064230 the waistline and becomes more of a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00243-00064232-00064559 rectangle rather than an hourglass
+JqrsW3LBORg-00244-00064560-00064735 so what do we do
+JqrsW3LBORg-00245-00064736-00065047 this is a nice depiction i found that it
+JqrsW3LBORg-00246-00065048-00065326 shows how we bring the muscles together
+JqrsW3LBORg-00247-00065327-00065582 basically this is a suture tie we bring
+JqrsW3LBORg-00248-00065583-00065847 the edge of the fascia of the muscle to
+JqrsW3LBORg-00249-00065848-00066167 the edge and we close it up up and down
+JqrsW3LBORg-00250-00066168-00066438 i call it the internal corset so this is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00251-00066439-00066687 what it looks like at the end it goes
+JqrsW3LBORg-00252-00066688-00066919 all the way up and down
+JqrsW3LBORg-00253-00066920-00067063 i usually
+JqrsW3LBORg-00254-00067064-00067375 do this twice in the case i put
+JqrsW3LBORg-00255-00067376-00067703 interrupted like this and then i run it
+JqrsW3LBORg-00256-00067704-00068038 as a backup with another suture so i do
+JqrsW3LBORg-00257-00068039-00068359 this i do this step twice to make sure
+JqrsW3LBORg-00258-00068360-00068647 that if the patient has a strong cough
+JqrsW3LBORg-00259-00068648-00068943 or she lifts something heavy the suture
+JqrsW3LBORg-00260-00068944-00069311 doesn't just pop out
+JqrsW3LBORg-00261-00069312-00069575 viewer discretion if you're get gory
+JqrsW3LBORg-00262-00069576-00069911 step aside so look this is a you can see
+JqrsW3LBORg-00263-00069912-00070150 a diastasis right here you see how it's
+JqrsW3LBORg-00264-00070151-00070263 popping
+JqrsW3LBORg-00265-00070264-00070471 not necessarily can you see that on
+JqrsW3LBORg-00266-00070472-00070615 everyone but your
+JqrsW3LBORg-00267-00070616-00070806 plastic surgeon should examine you and
+JqrsW3LBORg-00268-00070807-00071015 tell you if you have it she has an open
+JqrsW3LBORg-00269-00071016-00071279 diastasis here and look at the internal
+JqrsW3LBORg-00270-00071280-00071494 corset you can see the sutures all
+JqrsW3LBORg-00271-00071495-00071671 nicely from
+JqrsW3LBORg-00272-00071672-00071919 above from the sternum all the way down
+JqrsW3LBORg-00273-00071920-00072271 it's all plicated and it's like a drum
+JqrsW3LBORg-00274-00072272-00072479 you can probably bounce a quarter off of
+JqrsW3LBORg-00275-00072480-00072631 that
+JqrsW3LBORg-00276-00072632-00073055 so again full tummy tuck addresses upper
+JqrsW3LBORg-00277-00073056-00073223 and lower
+JqrsW3LBORg-00278-00073224-00073575 and correct muscle separation mini only
+JqrsW3LBORg-00279-00073576-00073959 addresses below below the belly button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00280-00073960-00074231 i don't believe in the smaller incision
+JqrsW3LBORg-00281-00074232-00074503 you do have shorter recovery
+JqrsW3LBORg-00282-00074504-00074743 again in a cartoon their depictions are
+JqrsW3LBORg-00283-00074744-00074967 more correct than the actual other
+JqrsW3LBORg-00284-00074968-00075215 pictures they show that the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00285-00075216-00075438 the cartoon shows you that the incision
+JqrsW3LBORg-00286-00075439-00075735 goes all the way across it is minimally
+JqrsW3LBORg-00287-00075736-00075943 invasive for a mini tuck but the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00288-00075944-00076255 incision people want a shorter scar mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00289-00076256-00076543 tummy tuck does not necessarily mean
+JqrsW3LBORg-00290-00076544-00076823 smaller scar
+JqrsW3LBORg-00291-00076824-00077047 a test for you guys do you guys think
+JqrsW3LBORg-00292-00077048-00077303 this is a full tummy tuck or a mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00293-00077304-00077535 tummy tuck on the internet actually they
+JqrsW3LBORg-00294-00077536-00077791 had put this as a mini tuck but
+JqrsW3LBORg-00295-00077792-00078055 obviously if you've been listening you
+JqrsW3LBORg-00296-00078056-00078247 know it's not because you could see the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00297-00078248-00078519 incision around the belly button so i
+JqrsW3LBORg-00298-00078520-00078735 want you guys to see
+JqrsW3LBORg-00299-00078736-00078982 look at that excess skin if i'm going to
+JqrsW3LBORg-00300-00078983-00079262 take off this excess skin if i make a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00301-00079263-00079494 short incision this big how am i
+JqrsW3LBORg-00302-00079495-00079759 supposed to get the rest of the skin out
+JqrsW3LBORg-00303-00079760-00079982 so in order for me to be able to do this
+JqrsW3LBORg-00304-00079983-00080223 correctly my incision even if it's a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00305-00080224-00080550 mini tuck would be from here to here so
+JqrsW3LBORg-00306-00080551-00080791 i could get all the excess skin but i
+JqrsW3LBORg-00307-00080792-00081031 could tell this is a full tummy tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00308-00081032-00081262 because look at the skin quality here
+JqrsW3LBORg-00309-00081263-00081526 look at how stretched out it is so
+JqrsW3LBORg-00310-00081527-00081759 actually this is a full tummy tuck they
+JqrsW3LBORg-00311-00081760-00081982 had marked it incorrectly on the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00312-00081983-00082350 internet as a mini tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00313-00082351-00082623 another cartoon depiction of a mini tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00314-00082624-00082911 which makes me laugh because look at how
+JqrsW3LBORg-00315-00082912-00083175 much look at what they they tried to
+JqrsW3LBORg-00316-00083176-00083399 portray as a mini tuck that's the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00317-00083400-00083606 incision that's a sea scar that's not a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00318-00083607-00083831 mini touch position how much skin can
+JqrsW3LBORg-00319-00083832-00084126 you remove from that here's a couple of
+JqrsW3LBORg-00320-00084127-00084447 mini uh mini talks that i found on the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00321-00084448-00084662 internet to share with you guys
+JqrsW3LBORg-00322-00084663-00084847 it's not mine but i found them on the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00323-00084848-00085071 internet just sharing them look at this
+JqrsW3LBORg-00324-00085072-00085326 this is a mini tuck because first of all
+JqrsW3LBORg-00325-00085327-00085518 there's no incision around the belly
+JqrsW3LBORg-00326-00085519-00085775 button so it's the natural belly button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00327-00085776-00086062 and they only address the skin down
+JqrsW3LBORg-00328-00086063-00086287 between the belly button and the pubic
+JqrsW3LBORg-00329-00086288-00086535 area the rest of the abdomen they did
+JqrsW3LBORg-00330-00086536-00086694 not touch
+JqrsW3LBORg-00331-00086695-00086871 here's another one
+JqrsW3LBORg-00332-00086872-00087103 they they own the belly button is the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00333-00087104-00087399 same they only did the lower between
+JqrsW3LBORg-00334-00087400-00087526 here and here
+JqrsW3LBORg-00335-00087527-00087806 so this is another mini tuck so this is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00336-00087807-00088231 a farce this is not correct
+JqrsW3LBORg-00337-00088232-00088487 so a full tummy tuck candidate you can
+JqrsW3LBORg-00338-00088488-00088806 see how the abdomen is domed shape do
+JqrsW3LBORg-00339-00088807-00088935 you see that
+JqrsW3LBORg-00340-00088936-00089215 and here's another patient that has a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00341-00089216-00089471 mini tuck candidate but you can see the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00342-00089472-00089735 top is flat the dome is only on the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00343-00089736-00090023 bottom
+JqrsW3LBORg-00344-00090024-00090118 this
+JqrsW3LBORg-00345-00090119-00090391 obviously it's a full tummy tuck because
+JqrsW3LBORg-00346-00090392-00090575 you guys know the secret now all you
+JqrsW3LBORg-00347-00090576-00090782 need to do is look at the belly button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00348-00090783-00091038 if the belly button has been cut
+JqrsW3LBORg-00349-00091039-00091287 then it's a full tummy tuck if it was a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00350-00091288-00091559 mini none of this would be addressed
+JqrsW3LBORg-00351-00091560-00091750 here the patient would still have
+JqrsW3LBORg-00352-00091751-00091982 stretch marks and wrinkles above the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00353-00091983-00092182 belly button because a mini tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00354-00092183-00092518 addresses below the belly button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00355-00092519-00092638 here's another
+JqrsW3LBORg-00356-00092639-00092871 uh mini tuck i want you to just
+JqrsW3LBORg-00357-00092872-00093150 appreciate the extent of the incision
+JqrsW3LBORg-00358-00093151-00093382 it's almost from hip
+JqrsW3LBORg-00359-00093383-00093606 to hip just a little shorter because
+JqrsW3LBORg-00360-00093607-00093943 they tried to save the uh the tattoo but
+JqrsW3LBORg-00361-00093944-00094159 you could see the redness it goes all
+JqrsW3LBORg-00362-00094160-00094399 the way across
+JqrsW3LBORg-00363-00094400-00094662 here's another mini tuck how do i know
+JqrsW3LBORg-00364-00094663-00094879 it's a mini tuck first thing i look at
+JqrsW3LBORg-00365-00094880-00095126 belly button i could sell this is the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00366-00095127-00095343 natural belly button look at the shape
+JqrsW3LBORg-00367-00095344-00095574 it looks exactly the same
+JqrsW3LBORg-00368-00095575-00095774 but look at the scar it goes from one
+JqrsW3LBORg-00369-00095775-00095982 side to the other
+JqrsW3LBORg-00370-00095983-00096223 that's not a mini incision it's a mini
+JqrsW3LBORg-00371-00096224-00096311 tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00372-00096312-00096743 but it's not a mini incision
+JqrsW3LBORg-00373-00096744-00097055 another one this was a mini tuck look at
+JqrsW3LBORg-00374-00097056-00097326 the look at the only place that was this
+JqrsW3LBORg-00375-00097327-00097574 dress was the excess skin
+JqrsW3LBORg-00376-00097575-00097911 below the belly button to the pubic area
+JqrsW3LBORg-00377-00097912-00098167 but look at the extent of the scar it
+JqrsW3LBORg-00378-00098168-00098503 goes from hip to hip because he has
+JqrsW3LBORg-00379-00098504-00098774 excess skin if you stop the incision
+JqrsW3LBORg-00380-00098775-00099055 here he's going to have skin hanging
+JqrsW3LBORg-00381-00099056-00099415 laterally so you have to follow chase
+JqrsW3LBORg-00382-00099416-00099599 chase the end till you get all the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00383-00099600-00099887 excess skin
+JqrsW3LBORg-00384-00099888-00100167 so a full tummy tuck remember the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00385-00100168-00100503 incision goes high low high we're
+JqrsW3LBORg-00386-00100504-00100711 removing all the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00387-00100712-00100999 excess skin we're doing the internal
+JqrsW3LBORg-00388-00101000-00101126 core set
+JqrsW3LBORg-00389-00101127-00101359 we're bringing out the belly button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00390-00101360-00101535 through a different hole
+JqrsW3LBORg-00391-00101536-00101862 and that's a full tummy tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00392-00101863-00102071 i'm gonna go through these are now my
+JqrsW3LBORg-00393-00102072-00102182 pictures
+JqrsW3LBORg-00394-00102183-00102590 this is a young lady she was 26
+JqrsW3LBORg-00395-00102591-00102951 she came in she said i want a lipo i
+JqrsW3LBORg-00396-00102952-00103127 said why do you want lipo she said i
+JqrsW3LBORg-00397-00103128-00103390 don't like the skin hanging up here and
+JqrsW3LBORg-00398-00103391-00103751 this i don't feel comfortable
+JqrsW3LBORg-00399-00103752-00103982 and i told her in order for me to be
+JqrsW3LBORg-00400-00103983-00104215 able to flatten you out so you feel more
+JqrsW3LBORg-00401-00104216-00104518 comfortable we need to do a full tummy
+JqrsW3LBORg-00402-00104519-00104734 tuck she had lost weight
+JqrsW3LBORg-00403-00104735-00105086 about 60 pounds but the skin stretch was
+JqrsW3LBORg-00404-00105088-00105327 still there you could see down here
+JqrsW3LBORg-00405-00105328-00105510 and up here
+JqrsW3LBORg-00406-00105511-00105775 but interestingly she had some moles
+JqrsW3LBORg-00407-00105776-00106031 follow the moles one here one here one
+JqrsW3LBORg-00408-00106032-00106302 here from the stretch you could see this
+JqrsW3LBORg-00409-00106303-00106575 big one came all the way down here so
+JqrsW3LBORg-00410-00106576-00106775 all i did was first you could tell it
+JqrsW3LBORg-00411-00106776-00106999 was a full because of the belly button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00412-00107000-00107175 and you could see the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00413-00107176-00107263 skin
+JqrsW3LBORg-00414-00107264-00107551 above the belly button was addressed
+JqrsW3LBORg-00415-00107552-00107790 here she is further back you could see
+JqrsW3LBORg-00416-00107791-00108063 that it looks very natural here she is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00417-00108064-00108310 from the side you can see the hooding of
+JqrsW3LBORg-00418-00108311-00108583 the above the belly button it's gone now
+JqrsW3LBORg-00419-00108583-00108854 it's a smooth and she has some etching
+JqrsW3LBORg-00420-00108855-00109095 done in the middle and here she is from
+JqrsW3LBORg-00421-00109096-00109615 the side from the side and there she is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00422-00109616-00109975 okay this one is an extended tummy tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00423-00109976-00110190 why do we call it extended because look
+JqrsW3LBORg-00424-00110191-00110486 at how far i have to go to get the the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00425-00110488-00110783 lateral aspect so her scar goes all the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00426-00110783-00111110 way where i chased to get the excess
+JqrsW3LBORg-00427-00111111-00111215 skin
+JqrsW3LBORg-00428-00111216-00111495 of course i always put my scar down low
+JqrsW3LBORg-00429-00111496-00111695 you could see her belly button but you
+JqrsW3LBORg-00430-00111696-00111966 can see all that excess skin is gone the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00431-00111967-00112215 stretch marks are minimized to the lower
+JqrsW3LBORg-00432-00112216-00112447 half they're not they're not going above
+JqrsW3LBORg-00433-00112448-00112663 the belly button anymore there's the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00434-00112664-00112886 belly button you see no scars here you
+JqrsW3LBORg-00435-00112888-00113151 see all these stretch marks they will
+JqrsW3LBORg-00436-00113152-00113302 all move down
+JqrsW3LBORg-00437-00113303-00113599 so here she is laterally all that excess
+JqrsW3LBORg-00438-00113600-00113863 skin so her scar is probably to right
+JqrsW3LBORg-00439-00113864-00114151 here which would be right there but it's
+JqrsW3LBORg-00440-00114152-00114431 always down low below your bikini here's
+JqrsW3LBORg-00441-00114432-00114671 another extended tummy tuck you could
+JqrsW3LBORg-00442-00114672-00114815 see she has
+JqrsW3LBORg-00443-00114816-00115071 she's very small petite lady but she has
+JqrsW3LBORg-00444-00115072-00115327 a lot of skin and we were able to take
+JqrsW3LBORg-00445-00115328-00115423 it out
+JqrsW3LBORg-00446-00115424-00115719 and there it is you can see her excess
+JqrsW3LBORg-00447-00115720-00115983 skin ends there so her incision i bet
+JqrsW3LBORg-00448-00115983-00116199 you underneath the garment goes over
+JqrsW3LBORg-00449-00116200-00116463 there there she is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00450-00116464-00116727 there she is on the core here's another
+JqrsW3LBORg-00451-00116728-00116975 patient
+JqrsW3LBORg-00452-00116976-00117207 first of all you can see she has excess
+JqrsW3LBORg-00453-00117208-00117478 skin up top she has excess skin on the
+JqrsW3LBORg-00454-00117479-00117807 bottom she has a nice belly button she
+JqrsW3LBORg-00455-00117808-00118031 has some contouring so this was a full
+JqrsW3LBORg-00456-00118032-00118247 tummy tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00457-00118248-00118519 here's another patient whenever you have
+JqrsW3LBORg-00458-00118520-00118823 the i call it the unhappy belly button
+JqrsW3LBORg-00459-00118824-00119047 you see the frowning belly button coming
+JqrsW3LBORg-00460-00119048-00119375 down um there's special attachments
+JqrsW3LBORg-00461-00119376-00119495 right here
+JqrsW3LBORg-00462-00119496-00119734 what happens is that the skin is falling
+JqrsW3LBORg-00463-00119735-00120007 down and it's causing the hood on top of
+JqrsW3LBORg-00464-00120008-00120247 the belly button and it's not allowing
+JqrsW3LBORg-00465-00120248-00120551 the skin to really fall down so once i
+JqrsW3LBORg-00466-00120552-00120678 see that
+JqrsW3LBORg-00467-00120679-00120854 a lot of those patients are going to
+JqrsW3LBORg-00468-00120855-00121119 require a tummy tuck to give them a nice
+JqrsW3LBORg-00469-00121120-00121414 belly button a nice contour we did some
+JqrsW3LBORg-00470-00121415-00121678 lipo contouring laterally she's in a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00471-00121679-00121951 straight bikini you can't see her scar
+JqrsW3LBORg-00472-00121952-00122190 her scar went from probably here from
+JqrsW3LBORg-00473-00122191-00122454 hip to hip but it's down low with
+JqrsW3LBORg-00474-00122455-00122734 lateral tension it picks up actually a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00475-00122735-00122983 little bit on the thighs you can see her
+JqrsW3LBORg-00476-00122983-00123190 thighs look a little better it's because
+JqrsW3LBORg-00477-00123191-00123431 the lateral tension pulls it up and you
+JqrsW3LBORg-00478-00123432-00123631 can see most of her stretch marks are
+JqrsW3LBORg-00479-00123632-00123839 gone here
+JqrsW3LBORg-00480-00123840-00124102 here she is lateral
+JqrsW3LBORg-00481-00124103-00124214 there
+JqrsW3LBORg-00482-00124215-00124390 and here she is from the back just
+JqrsW3LBORg-00483-00124391-00124551 showing a little bit of the lipo
+JqrsW3LBORg-00484-00124552-00124783 contouring
+JqrsW3LBORg-00485-00124783-00125095 this one is a mini tuck
+JqrsW3LBORg-00486-00125096-00125414 okay i don't usually do it it's very
+JqrsW3LBORg-00487-00125415-00125727 rare cases i do mini tux but this one is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00488-00125728-00126054 a mini tuck why
+JqrsW3LBORg-00489-00126055-00126302 first thing was the patient wanted some
+JqrsW3LBORg-00490-00126303-00126502 quick fix
+JqrsW3LBORg-00491-00126503-00126743 and number two is that she actually
+JqrsW3LBORg-00492-00126744-00127023 qualified for it because you could see
+JqrsW3LBORg-00493-00127024-00127327 her skin above the abdomen is pretty
+JqrsW3LBORg-00494-00127328-00127614 good it's pretty tight and there's no
+JqrsW3LBORg-00495-00127615-00127799 stretch marks
+JqrsW3LBORg-00496-00127800-00128047 and here you can see that you can see i
+JqrsW3LBORg-00497-00128048-00128286 pulled down the belly button you can see
+JqrsW3LBORg-00498-00128288-00128502 i excised
+JqrsW3LBORg-00499-00128503-00128654 here and
+JqrsW3LBORg-00500-00128655-00128878 a little bit of that lowered that a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00501-00128879-00129151 little bit so her scar is probably from
+JqrsW3LBORg-00502-00129152-00129295 somewhere here
+JqrsW3LBORg-00503-00129296-00129551 to here i could see the tattoo right
+JqrsW3LBORg-00504-00129552-00129758 there so when something like this we
+JqrsW3LBORg-00505-00129759-00130039 remove that you see how it's hanging so
+JqrsW3LBORg-00506-00130040-00130263 it was probably something like that we
+JqrsW3LBORg-00507-00130264-00130519 removed so it's not a c-section scar
+JqrsW3LBORg-00508-00130520-00130719 just a little bit bigger here she is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00509-00130720-00130871 from the lateral position you could
+JqrsW3LBORg-00510-00130872-00131095 appreciate it better we just took off
+JqrsW3LBORg-00511-00131096-00131335 what's hanging in the lower basically
+JqrsW3LBORg-00512-00131336-00131478 that's it
+JqrsW3LBORg-00513-00131479-00131719 okay we went right
+JqrsW3LBORg-00514-00131720-00132023 before the tattoo after the tattoos you
+JqrsW3LBORg-00515-00132024-00132231 can see the tattoo is there and we just
+JqrsW3LBORg-00516-00132232-00132471 took off the excess skin that's all we
+JqrsW3LBORg-00517-00132472-00132702 did just that lower half
+JqrsW3LBORg-00518-00132703-00132959 here she is fully you can see she has a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00519-00132960-00133302 pretty uh straight upper abdomen and we
+JqrsW3LBORg-00520-00133303-00133519 just contoured the lower
+JqrsW3LBORg-00521-00133520-00133702 there she is again
+JqrsW3LBORg-00522-00133703-00133839 there she is
+JqrsW3LBORg-00523-00133840-00134087 thank you very much for participating
+JqrsW3LBORg-00524-00134088-00134375 and now i expect everyone to be able to
+JqrsW3LBORg-00525-00134376-00134590 tell every picture on instagram what's a
+JqrsW3LBORg-00526-00134591-00134831 mini tuck and what's a regular talk
+JqrsW3LBORg-00527-00134832-00135188 thank you so much
+Jtv2Z4f8K-y-00000-00000008-00001062 audio made by my butter is missing
+Jtv2Z4f8K-y-00003-00009088-00009296 you
+JtRskHrdygE-00000-00000012-00000347 hello everyone welcome to the pictoblox
+JtRskHrdygE-00001-00000348-00000521 machine learning environment tutorial
+JtRskHrdygE-00002-00000522-00000623 series
+JtRskHrdygE-00003-00000624-00000833 in this tutorial we are going to learn
+JtRskHrdygE-00004-00000834-00001031 about object detection
+JtRskHrdygE-00005-00001032-00001277 object detection is one of the machine
+JtRskHrdygE-00006-00001278-00001450 learning model types which can be
+JtRskHrdygE-00007-00001451-00001709 trained in pictoblocks object detection
+JtRskHrdygE-00008-00001710-00001955 can be used to locate and recognize
+JtRskHrdygE-00009-00001955-00002315 objects in a given range for example an
+JtRskHrdygE-00010-00002316-00002500 object detection model trained to
+JtRskHrdygE-00011-00002501-00002765 recognize alarm clocks will locate alarm
+JtRskHrdygE-00012-00002766-00003083 clocks in an image using bounding boxes
+JtRskHrdygE-00013-00003084-00003347 in this example we are going to use
+JtRskHrdygE-00014-00003347-00003635 object detection to detect bottles and
+JtRskHrdygE-00015-00003636-00003922 Eyeglasses in a given image however you
+JtRskHrdygE-00016-00003923-00004138 can pick any two objects of your choice
+JtRskHrdygE-00017-00004139-00004379 the two classes we'll be working with
+JtRskHrdygE-00018-00004380-00004883 are bottle and glasses let's get started
+JtRskHrdygE-00019-00004884-00005117 open picture blocks and select the
+JtRskHrdygE-00020-00005118-00005638 python coding environment
+JtRskHrdygE-00021-00005639-00005854 go to the machine learning environment
+JtRskHrdygE-00022-00005855-00006143 by selecting the open ml environment
+JtRskHrdygE-00023-00006144-00006496 option under the files tab
+JtRskHrdygE-00024-00006497-00006737 as we are training our models in Python
+JtRskHrdygE-00025-00006738-00006964 it is important that we have the
+JtRskHrdygE-00026-00006965-00007151 required dependencies
+JtRskHrdygE-00027-00007152-00007373 in order to download these dependencies
+JtRskHrdygE-00028-00007373-00007684 simply click on the gear icon on the top
+JtRskHrdygE-00029-00007686-00007889 right of his screen and select the
+JtRskHrdygE-00030-00007890-00008128 download dependencies option this will
+JtRskHrdygE-00031-00008129-00008353 download and update the dependencies
+JtRskHrdygE-00032-00008354-00008746 required to train the model
+JtRskHrdygE-00033-00008747-00008992 click on the create new project option
+JtRskHrdygE-00034-00008993-00009274 to initialize your project type an
+JtRskHrdygE-00035-00009275-00009496 appropriate name of the project and
+JtRskHrdygE-00036-00009497-00009737 select object detection as the model
+JtRskHrdygE-00037-00009738-00009887 type
+JtRskHrdygE-00038-00009888-00010181 click on the create project button and
+JtRskHrdygE-00039-00010182-00010613 you'll see the object detection window
+JtRskHrdygE-00040-00010614-00010828 you'll find yourself under the import
+JtRskHrdygE-00041-00010829-00011177 tab with three options to import images
+JtRskHrdygE-00042-00011178-00011464 by using the webcam by selecting the
+JtRskHrdygE-00043-00011465-00011638 images from the computer's hard drive
+JtRskHrdygE-00044-00011639-00011903 and by downloading the images from a
+JtRskHrdygE-00045-00011904-00012035 repository
+JtRskHrdygE-00046-00012036-00012299 for the next example we will be using
+JtRskHrdygE-00047-00012300-00012623 our webcam to capture images
+JtRskHrdygE-00048-00012624-00012935 you need to capture more than 25 images
+JtRskHrdygE-00049-00012936-00013265 for object detection to work
+JtRskHrdygE-00050-00013266-00013469 you will be able to see all your
+JtRskHrdygE-00051-00013469-00013661 captured images here
+JtRskHrdygE-00052-00013662-00013943 if you do not like an image hover with
+JtRskHrdygE-00053-00013944-00014207 the image and click on the delete button
+JtRskHrdygE-00054-00014208-00014549 to delete the image
+JtRskHrdygE-00055-00014550-00014825 labeling the data is crucial on object
+JtRskHrdygE-00056-00014826-00015047 detection
+JtRskHrdygE-00057-00015047-00015341 go to the bbox tab and you will see the
+JtRskHrdygE-00058-00015341-00015629 create bounding box window
+JtRskHrdygE-00059-00015630-00015916 click on the create box button and label
+JtRskHrdygE-00060-00015918-00016138 the object
+JtRskHrdygE-00061-00016140-00016475 as you label more images class info will
+JtRskHrdygE-00062-00016476-00016679 be updated accordingly
+JtRskHrdygE-00063-00016680-00016949 to label an image belonging to a class
+JtRskHrdygE-00064-00016950-00017267 already created click the edit button
+JtRskHrdygE-00065-00017268-00017458 and simply click on the corresponding
+JtRskHrdygE-00066-00017459-00017669 class
+JtRskHrdygE-00067-00017670-00017908 clicking on the next button will
+JtRskHrdygE-00068-00017909-00018136 automatically save your bounding box and
+JtRskHrdygE-00069-00018137-00018508 label however make sure to press the
+JtRskHrdygE-00070-00018509-00018791 save box button after you label the last
+JtRskHrdygE-00071-00018792-00020241 image
+JtRskHrdygE-00072-00020242-00020657 [Music]
+JtRskHrdygE-00073-00020658-00020950 once the images are labeled go to the
+JtRskHrdygE-00074-00020951-00021191 image tab to review the images
+JtRskHrdygE-00075-00021192-00021527 once the images are reviewed go to the
+JtRskHrdygE-00076-00021528-00021779 train tab this is where we will train
+JtRskHrdygE-00077-00021780-00022055 the model click on the train new model
+JtRskHrdygE-00078-00022056-00022169 button
+JtRskHrdygE-00079-00022170-00022408 make sure all the classes are selected
+JtRskHrdygE-00080-00022409-00022630 and click on the generate data set
+JtRskHrdygE-00081-00022631-00022769 button
+JtRskHrdygE-00082-00022770-00023044 once the data set is generated click on
+JtRskHrdygE-00083-00023045-00023747 next
+JtRskHrdygE-00084-00023748-00023999 an object detection we can work with
+JtRskHrdygE-00085-00024000-00024191 three hyper parameters
+JtRskHrdygE-00086-00024192-00024575 bar size number of iterations and number
+JtRskHrdygE-00087-00024576-00024707 of layers
+JtRskHrdygE-00088-00024708-00024989 hover over the hyper parameters to view
+JtRskHrdygE-00089-00024990-00025235 the description
+JtRskHrdygE-00090-00025236-00025505 for this example we will be training the
+JtRskHrdygE-00091-00025506-00025739 model for 5000 iterations with a bar
+JtRskHrdygE-00092-00025739-00026002 size of 4. we will set the number of
+JtRskHrdygE-00093-00026004-00026305 layers to 4.
+JtRskHrdygE-00094-00026306-00026633 click on Create and click on start
+JtRskHrdygE-00095-00026633-00027214 training
+JtRskHrdygE-00096-00027216-00027437 object detection training is a time
+JtRskHrdygE-00097-00027438-00027761 taking task so please be patient
+JtRskHrdygE-00098-00027762-00029358 foreign
+JtRskHrdygE-00099-00029360-00029627 you can view the graphs by clicking on
+JtRskHrdygE-00100-00029627-00030101 the corresponding buttons
+JtRskHrdygE-00101-00030102-00030389 the evaluate tab to view a comprehensive
+JtRskHrdygE-00102-00030389-00030635 overview of your model performance
+JtRskHrdygE-00103-00030636-00030874 you can also view false positives and
+JtRskHrdygE-00104-00030875-00031162 false negatives for your classes
+JtRskHrdygE-00105-00031163-00031433 false positives are observations from a
+JtRskHrdygE-00106-00031433-00031649 different class that the model detects
+JtRskHrdygE-00107-00031650-00031852 to be in the current class
+JtRskHrdygE-00108-00031854-00032152 false negatives or observations from the
+JtRskHrdygE-00109-00032154-00032387 current class that the model detects to
+JtRskHrdygE-00110-00032388-00032724 be in a different class
+JtRskHrdygE-00111-00032725-00033089 now let's move to the test tab
+JtRskHrdygE-00112-00033090-00033335 you can test your model here either by
+JtRskHrdygE-00113-00033336-00033593 uploading the images or by using the
+JtRskHrdygE-00114-00033594-00033695 webcam
+JtRskHrdygE-00115-00033696-00035039 use the webcam to test your model
+JtRskHrdygE-00116-00035040-00035285 you can alter the IOU unconfidence
+JtRskHrdygE-00117-00035286-00035518 threshold by adjusting the sliders on
+JtRskHrdygE-00118-00035519-00035723 top to see the performance of the
+JtRskHrdygE-00119-00035724-00035879 trained model
+JtRskHrdygE-00120-00035880-00036173 click on the pictoblox option under the
+JtRskHrdygE-00121-00036174-00036431 export model column and Vector blocks
+JtRskHrdygE-00122-00036432-00036629 will load your model into the python
+JtRskHrdygE-00123-00036630-00036773 coding environment
+JtRskHrdygE-00124-00036774-00036983 observe how we already have a
+JtRskHrdygE-00125-00036984-00037252 boilerplate code ready this code uses
+JtRskHrdygE-00126-00037253-00037546 CV2 to capture images and displays the
+JtRskHrdygE-00127-00037547-00037768 class of the objects in the frame let's
+JtRskHrdygE-00128-00037769-00038135 run it and see the code in action
+JtRskHrdygE-00129-00038136-00038333 the code will open up an object
+JtRskHrdygE-00130-00038334-00038579 detection window you can see bounding
+JtRskHrdygE-00131-00038580-00038885 boxes and the corresponding classes in
+JtRskHrdygE-00132-00038886-00039095 this window even if you have multiple
+JtRskHrdygE-00133-00039096-00039418 objects the object detection model will
+JtRskHrdygE-00134-00039419-00039701 recognize all of them there you go you
+JtRskHrdygE-00135-00039702-00039899 just created your very own object
+JtRskHrdygE-00136-00039900-00040162 detection project in Python coding
+JtRskHrdygE-00137-00040163-00040579 foreign
+JtRskHrdygE-00138-00040580-00040898 [Music]
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00000-00000152-00000327 all right so that's all for today
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00001-00000328-00000638 um short sweet starting to get your
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00002-00000639-00000686 brain
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00003-00000687-00000894 going building some new pathways in
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00004-00000896-00001039 there um
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00005-00001040-00001215 as we start to explore objects which is
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00006-00001216-00001415 really cool uh chuji's back there as you
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00007-00001416-00001478 can see
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00008-00001479-00001679 he's uh if you were here he'd be wishing
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00009-00001680-00001863 you good luck on tomorrow's mentor
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00010-00001864-00002118 um a couple of announcements so there is
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00011-00002119-00002310 a practice midterm that we've posted
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00012-00002311-00002542 on the website that has questions that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00013-00002543-00002655 are very
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00014-00002656-00002887 very very similar to the ones that you
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00015-00002888-00003110 will encounter on tomorrow's mentor
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00016-00003111-00003270 tomorrow's mentor will take place during
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00017-00003271-00003415 lab time um
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00018-00003415-00003663 unless there are severe technical issues
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00019-00003664-00003831 we do want you to take it tomorrow
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00020-00003832-00004031 during lab and we're not going to be as
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00021-00004032-00004254 accommodating to people that need to
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00022-00004255-00004399 decide that they're not going to show up
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00023-00004400-00004511 and are going to take it wednesday or
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00024-00004512-00004575 thursday
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00025-00004576-00004719 there'll be a there'll be a penalty
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00026-00004720-00004911 associated with that unless
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00027-00004912-00005151 again everything goes up in smoke again
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00028-00005152-00005279 which is possible
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00029-00005280-00005567 um anyway so you know the practice exam
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00030-00005568-00005654 that we posted
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00031-00005655-00005806 um doesn't have multiple choice
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00032-00005807-00005967 questions it has two
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00033-00005968-00006095 questions that are very similar to the
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00034-00006096-00006254 trickier two programming questions that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00035-00006255-00006399 are on the actual exam
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00036-00006400-00006542 the reason that this is up there is for
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00037-00006543-00006703 two reasons one is obviously
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00038-00006704-00006927 to allow you to practice what you should
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00039-00006928-00007063 do
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00040-00007064-00007287 and the other reason is to work on any
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00041-00007288-00007431 sort of lingering technical issues with
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00042-00007431-00007583 the quiz platform itself so if there's
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00043-00007584-00007767 something weird going on like scroll
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00044-00007768-00007895 bars are flickering
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00045-00007895-00008103 i think i fixed that um or something
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00046-00008104-00008295 else is strange that's happening that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00047-00008296-00008463 is preventing you from you know being
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00048-00008464-00008607 able to focus and do your best
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00049-00008608-00008871 on the assessment please let us know and
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00050-00008872-00008942 work on it
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00051-00008943-00009263 um okay so you know
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00052-00009264-00009463 one thing i want to remind you this is
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00053-00009464-00009599 always a tough moment in the class i
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00054-00009600-00009751 know people are stressed out
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00055-00009752-00009991 we've been pushing you trying to push
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00056-00009992-00010142 past your boundaries a little bit
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00057-00010143-00010406 on the last couple homework problems a
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00058-00010407-00010551 couple things to keep in mind
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00059-00010552-00010871 first of all the point of really
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00060-00010872-00011103 everything we do in this class is to get
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00061-00011104-00011231 you to practice
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00062-00011232-00011431 that's it that's the only thing that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00063-00011432-00011631 works that's the only way to learn this
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00064-00011632-00011703 material
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00065-00011704-00012103 is to just do the work and if i
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00066-00012104-00012270 there was a magic potion that i could
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00067-00012271-00012455 give you it would cause you to just wake
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00068-00012456-00012655 up tomorrow knowing how to program and
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00069-00012656-00012846 knowing all about computer science
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00070-00012847-00013015 i would use it but i don't have that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00071-00013016-00013151 instead i just have to work
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00072-00013152-00013494 and on some level you know when i hear
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00073-00013495-00013558 people say
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00074-00013559-00013703 no the homework problem took me two
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00075-00013704-00013871 hours well i think
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00076-00013872-00014135 okay you are two hours closer to
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00077-00014136-00014366 achieving your goals in computer science
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00078-00014368-00014551 someone else who did in 10 minutes you
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00079-00014552-00014783 know what they're not really any closer
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00080-00014784-00014879 because they're not
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00081-00014880-00015038 being challenged they can do the problem
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00082-00015040-00015183 that quickly they probably know all
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00083-00015184-00015375 those things already and so they're just
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00084-00015376-00015511 you know they're not really challenging
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00085-00015512-00015703 themselves they're not growing um
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00086-00015704-00015830 those of you that are putting in the
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00087-00015831-00016071 time it will pay off
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00088-00016072-00016271 trust me like i said this is the only
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00089-00016272-00016399 way that you learn this stuff it's just
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00090-00016400-00016527 putting in the hours
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00091-00016528-00016743 putting in the work and everything that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00092-00016744-00016894 we do in this class is designed to
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00093-00016895-00017063 encourage you to do that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00094-00017064-00017239 same thing with the assessments you know
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00095-00017240-00017367 some of you are going to do great on
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00096-00017368-00017430 tuesday
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00097-00017431-00017543 some of you are going to wish that you
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00098-00017544-00017711 did better at the end of the day what
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00099-00017712-00017807 really matters
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00100-00017808-00018071 is what you do today when you practice
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00101-00018072-00018199 what you did yesterday which you did the
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00102-00018200-00018319 day before which you did for the past
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00103-00018320-00018422 couple weeks
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00104-00018423-00018630 you can't fake this stuff right it's
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00105-00018631-00018735 sort of like
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00106-00018736-00018871 playing an instrument sort of like
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00107-00018872-00019127 running you know you know if you don't
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00108-00019128-00019399 run for three weeks you're not gonna win
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00109-00019400-00019486 a marathon
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00110-00019487-00019694 right if you don't play the instrument
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00111-00019695-00019903 for consistently every day
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00112-00019904-00020014 when you show up to the lesson your
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00113-00020015-00020143 teacher is going to send you home that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00114-00020144-00020335 happened to me once
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00115-00020336-00020511 you know if you don't do the reading
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00116-00020512-00020630 you're not going to be able to answer
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00117-00020631-00020807 questions about the book
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00118-00020808-00021083 so you know the work you've been putting
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00119-00021084-00021199 in
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00120-00021200-00021407 is gonna help but you know some of you
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00121-00021408-00021535 are still gonna not do as well as you
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00122-00021536-00021647 wanted because you're gonna forget
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00123-00021648-00021783 something stupid or something like that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00124-00021784-00021855 and in that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00125-00021856-00022078 in that place in that moment i just want
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00126-00022079-00022230 you to remember that you did the work
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00127-00022231-00022455 and you are that much better and in the
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00128-00022456-00022550 real world
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00129-00022551-00022758 nobody is going to sit you down in front
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00130-00022759-00022927 of a computer for 15 minutes and force
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00131-00022928-00023071 you to do a problem like this without
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00132-00023072-00023207 access to the internet and without
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00133-00023208-00023350 coffee without help from other people
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00134-00023351-00023478 and stuff like that just a completely
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00135-00023479-00023614 artificial situation
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00136-00023615-00023839 the reason we do it is to get you to put
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00137-00023840-00023999 in the work that you've already
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00138-00024000-00024342 done so good luck on tomorrow's
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00139-00024343-00024655 quiz i suspect you very well
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00140-00024656-00024847 i hope that you do i wish you the best
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00141-00024848-00025007 of luck um
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00142-00025008-00025271 i hope that you know you are able to
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00143-00025272-00025455 really show your true potential and
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00144-00025456-00025702 and and put in and sort of that your
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00145-00025704-00025911 quiz score reflects all the work that
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00146-00025912-00026022 you put in
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00147-00026023-00026199 um and if you don't think it does just
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00148-00026200-00026335 keep in mind that that work is still
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00149-00026336-00026374 there
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00150-00026375-00026558 and it's and it's going to be there and
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00151-00026560-00026662 it's going to be something for you to
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00152-00026663-00026911 build on as we continue forward
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00153-00026912-00027087 and that i really want all of you guys
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00154-00027088-00027246 here in december
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00155-00027247-00027470 in no way is this course designed to try
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00156-00027472-00027607 to drive anybody away
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00157-00027608-00027751 i hope it's on it i hope that's not
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00158-00027752-00027918 happening if it is i'm really sorry
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00159-00027919-00028023 please come talk to me
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00160-00028024-00028223 you know it's not our goal we do push
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00161-00028224-00028431 you we do want to challenge you
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00162-00028432-00028614 but we want you to stick around so
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00163-00028616-00028823 please you know feel the love and the
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00164-00028824-00028990 support from the course staff
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00165-00028991-00029246 um as you prepare for tomorrow's uh
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00166-00029247-00029327 midterm
+Juz4ONPfzCu-00167-00029327-00029672 and best of luck
+JvOQZT-KWD8-00000-00000456-00000703 payment due a bills uncheck checkbox
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+JxHVDdsDQQo-00000-00000018-00001491 [Music]
+JxHVDdsDQQo-00001-00001492-00001620 so
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+JxHVDdsDQQo-00008-00007084-00007726 so
+JxHVDdsDQQo-00009-00007727-00008483 [Music]
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+JxHVDdsDQQo-00014-00012233-00012703 [Music]
+JxHVDdsDQQo-00015-00012704-00012911 you
+JyCgzC5t9og-00000-00000057-00000353 World War 1 was the first major conflict
+JyCgzC5t9og-00001-00000354-00000590 involving the large-scale use of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00002-00000591-00000919 aircraft tethered observation balloons
+JyCgzC5t9og-00003-00000921-00001154 had already been employed in several
+JyCgzC5t9og-00004-00001155-00001387 Wars and would be used extensively for
+JyCgzC5t9og-00005-00001388-00001718 artillery spotting Germany employed
+JyCgzC5t9og-00006-00001719-00001955 Zeppelin's for reconnaissance over the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00007-00001955-00002183 North Sea and Baltic and also for
+JyCgzC5t9og-00008-00002184-00002438 strategic bombing raids over Britain and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00009-00002439-00002795 the Eastern Front aeroplanes were just
+JyCgzC5t9og-00010-00002796-00003041 coming into military use at the outset
+JyCgzC5t9og-00011-00003042-00003332 of the war initially they were used
+JyCgzC5t9og-00012-00003333-00003635 mostly for reconnaissance pilots and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00013-00003636-00003851 engineers learned from experience
+JyCgzC5t9og-00014-00003852-00004058 leading to the development of many
+JyCgzC5t9og-00015-00004059-00004307 specialized types including fighters
+JyCgzC5t9og-00016-00004308-00004661 bombers and trench stray firs ace
+JyCgzC5t9og-00017-00004662-00004919 fighter pilots were portrayed as modern
+JyCgzC5t9og-00018-00004920-00005191 knights and many became popular heroes
+JyCgzC5t9og-00019-00005192-00005495 the war also saw the appointment of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00020-00005496-00005731 high-ranking officers to direct the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00021-00005732-00006045 belligerent nations air war efforts
+JyCgzC5t9og-00022-00006046-00006294 while the impact of aircraft on the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00023-00006295-00006531 course of the war was mainly tactical
+JyCgzC5t9og-00024-00006531-00006783 rather than strategic most important
+JyCgzC5t9og-00025-00006784-00007029 being direct cooperation with ground
+JyCgzC5t9og-00026-00007030-00007314 forces especially ranging and correcting
+JyCgzC5t9og-00027-00007315-00007551 artillery fire the first steps in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00028-00007552-00007818 strategic roles of aircraft in future
+JyCgzC5t9og-00029-00007819-00008530 Wars was also foreshadowed
+JyCgzC5t9og-00030-00008531-00009168 topic the early years of war
+JyCgzC5t9og-00031-00009169-00009486 at the 1911 meeting of the Institute of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00032-00009487-00009780 international law in Madrid legislation
+JyCgzC5t9og-00033-00009781-00009948 was proposed to limit the use of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00034-00009949-00010194 aeroplanes to reconnaissance missions
+JyCgzC5t9og-00035-00010195-00010389 and banning them from being used as
+JyCgzC5t9og-00036-00010390-00010743 platforms for weapons this legislation
+JyCgzC5t9og-00037-00010744-00010980 was rooted in a fear that aeroplanes
+JyCgzC5t9og-00038-00010981-00011196 would be used to attack undefended
+JyCgzC5t9og-00039-00011197-00011508 cities violating article 69 of the den
+JyCgzC5t9og-00040-00011509-00011673 haag regel meant the set of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00041-00011674-00011931 international laws governing warfare at
+JyCgzC5t9og-00042-00011932-00012132 the start of the war there was some
+JyCgzC5t9og-00043-00012133-00012360 debate over the usefulness of aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00044-00012361-00012708 in warfare many senior officers in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00045-00012709-00012993 particular remained skeptical however
+JyCgzC5t9og-00046-00012994-00013359 the initial campaigns of 1914 proved
+JyCgzC5t9og-00047-00013360-00013602 that cavalry could no longer provide the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00048-00013603-00013788 reconnaissance expected by their
+JyCgzC5t9og-00049-00013788-00013986 generals in the face of the greatly
+JyCgzC5t9og-00050-00013987-00014232 increased firepower of 20th century
+JyCgzC5t9og-00051-00014233-00014502 armies and it was quickly realized that
+JyCgzC5t9og-00052-00014503-00014733 aircraft could at least locate the enemy
+JyCgzC5t9og-00053-00014734-00015003 even if early air reconnaissance was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00054-00015004-00015159 hampered by the newness of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00055-00015160-00015510 techniques involved early skepticism and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00056-00015511-00015759 low expectations quickly turned to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00057-00015760-00015960 unrealistic demands beyond the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00058-00015961-00016176 capabilities of the primitive aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00059-00016177-00016419 available even so air reconnaissance
+JyCgzC5t9og-00060-00016420-00016713 played a critical role in the war of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00061-00016714-00017157 movement of 1914 especially in helping
+JyCgzC5t9og-00062-00017158-00017385 the Allies halt the German invasion of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00063-00017386-00017819 France on the 22nd of August 1914
+JyCgzC5t9og-00064-00017820-00018180 British captain Elio Charlton and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00065-00018181-00018534 Lieutenant vhn hwadam reported German
+JyCgzC5t9og-00066-00018535-00018800 General Alexander von Klux army was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00067-00018801-00019007 preparing to surround the bef
+JyCgzC5t9og-00068-00019008-00019347 contradicting all other intelligence the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00069-00019348-00019560 British High Command took note of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00070-00019561-00019806 report and started to withdraw from Mons
+JyCgzC5t9og-00071-00019807-00020147 saving the lives of 100,000 soldiers
+JyCgzC5t9og-00072-00020148-00020421 later during the First Battle of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00073-00020422-00020703 Marne observation aircraft discovered
+JyCgzC5t9og-00074-00020704-00020955 weak points and exposed flanks in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00075-00020956-00021213 German lines allowing the Allies to take
+JyCgzC5t9og-00076-00021214-00021453 advantage of them in Germany the great
+JyCgzC5t9og-00077-00021454-00021696 successes of the early Zeppelin airships
+JyCgzC5t9og-00078-00021697-00021944 had largely overshadowed the importance
+JyCgzC5t9og-00079-00021945-00022251 of heavier-than-air aircraft out of a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00080-00022252-00022548 paper strength of about 230 aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00081-00022549-00022863 belonging to the Army in August 1914
+JyCgzC5t9og-00082-00022864-00023271 only 180 or so were of any use the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00083-00023272-00023565 French military aviation exercises of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00084-00023566-00024032 1911 1912 and 1913 had pioneered
+JyCgzC5t9og-00085-00024033-00024228 cooperation with the cavalry
+JyCgzC5t9og-00086-00024229-00024480 reconnaissance and artillery spotting
+JyCgzC5t9og-00087-00024481-00024666 but the momentum was if anything
+JyCgzC5t9og-00088-00024667-00025014 slacking Great Britain had started late
+JyCgzC5t9og-00089-00025015-00025314 and initially relied largely on the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00090-00025315-00025581 French aircraft industry especially for
+JyCgzC5t9og-00091-00025582-00025893 aircraft engines the initial British
+JyCgzC5t9og-00092-00025894-00026151 contribution to the total Allied air war
+JyCgzC5t9og-00093-00026152-00026558 effort in August 1914 of about 184
+JyCgzC5t9og-00094-00026560-00026826 aircraft was three squadrons with about
+JyCgzC5t9og-00095-00026827-00027174 30 serviceable machines by the end of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00096-00027175-00027387 the war Great Britain had formed the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00097-00027388-00027582 world's first air force to be
+JyCgzC5t9og-00098-00027583-00027810 independent of either army or naval
+JyCgzC5t9og-00099-00027811-00028191 control the Royal Air Force the American
+JyCgzC5t9og-00100-00028192-00028455 army and navy air services were far
+JyCgzC5t9og-00101-00028456-00028814 behind even in 1917 when the United
+JyCgzC5t9og-00102-00028816-00029027 States entered the war they were to be
+JyCgzC5t9og-00103-00029029-00029252 almost totally dependent on the French
+JyCgzC5t9og-00104-00029254-00029477 and British Aircraft Industries for
+JyCgzC5t9og-00105-00029479-00029736 combat aircraft the Germans great air
+JyCgzC5t9og-00106-00029737-00030164 who of 1914 at least according to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00107-00030166-00030387 contemporary propaganda was at the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00108-00030388-00030591 Battle of Tannenberg in East Prussia
+JyCgzC5t9og-00109-00030592-00030858 where an unexpected Russian attack was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00110-00030858-00031092 reported by Leutnant Cantor and mertens
+JyCgzC5t9og-00111-00031093-00031344 resulting in the Russians being forced
+JyCgzC5t9og-00112-00031345-00031911 to withdraw
+JyCgzC5t9og-00113-00031912-00032268 topic early Western Front reconnaissance
+JyCgzC5t9og-00114-00032269-00032661 duties
+JyCgzC5t9og-00115-00032662-00033015 by the end of 1914 the line between the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00116-00033016-00033222 Germans and the Allies stretched from
+JyCgzC5t9og-00117-00033223-00033540 the North Sea to the Alps the initial
+JyCgzC5t9og-00118-00033541-00033915 war of movement largely ceased and the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00119-00033916-00034191 front became static three main functions
+JyCgzC5t9og-00120-00034192-00034455 of short-range reconnaissance squadrons
+JyCgzC5t9og-00121-00034456-00034923 had emerged by March 1915 the first was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00122-00034924-00035169 photographic reconnaissance building up
+JyCgzC5t9og-00123-00035170-00035394 a complete mosaic map of the enemy
+JyCgzC5t9og-00124-00035395-00035745 trench system the first air cameras used
+JyCgzC5t9og-00125-00035746-00036093 glass plates Kodak cellulose film had
+JyCgzC5t9og-00126-00036094-00036303 been invented but did not at this stage
+JyCgzC5t9og-00127-00036304-00036681 have sufficient resolution artillery
+JyCgzC5t9og-00128-00036682-00036993 spotting enabled the ranging of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00129-00036994-00037239 artillery on targets invisible to the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00130-00037240-00037533 gunners radio telephony was not yet
+JyCgzC5t9og-00131-00037534-00037740 practical from an aircraft so
+JyCgzC5t9og-00132-00037741-00038081 communication was a problem by March
+JyCgzC5t9og-00133-00038082-00038400 1915 a two-seater on artillery
+JyCgzC5t9og-00134-00038401-00038733 observation duties was typically
+JyCgzC5t9og-00135-00038734-00038880 equipped with a primitive radio
+JyCgzC5t9og-00136-00038881-00039123 transmitter transmitting using Morse
+JyCgzC5t9og-00137-00039124-00039480 code but had no receiver the artillery
+JyCgzC5t9og-00138-00039481-00039717 battery signaled to the aircraft by
+JyCgzC5t9og-00139-00039718-00039927 laying strips of white cloth on the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00140-00039928-00040211 ground in pre-arranged patterns
+JyCgzC5t9og-00141-00040212-00040452 observation duties were shared with the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00142-00040453-00040632 tethered balloons which could
+JyCgzC5t9og-00143-00040633-00040803 communicate directly with their
+JyCgzC5t9og-00144-00040804-00041049 batteries by field telephone but were
+JyCgzC5t9og-00145-00041050-00041319 far less flexible in locating targets
+JyCgzC5t9og-00146-00041320-00041691 and reporting the fall of shot contact
+JyCgzC5t9og-00147-00041692-00041991 patrol work attempted to follow the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00148-00041992-00042210 course of a battle by communicating with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00149-00042211-00042477 advancing infantry while flying over the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00150-00042478-00042816 battlefield the technology of the period
+JyCgzC5t9og-00151-00042817-00043071 did not permit radio contact while
+JyCgzC5t9og-00152-00043072-00043287 methods of signaling were necessarily
+JyCgzC5t9og-00153-00043288-00043560 crude including dropping messages from
+JyCgzC5t9og-00154-00043561-00043857 the aircraft soldiers were initially
+JyCgzC5t9og-00155-00043858-00044094 reluctant to reveal their positions to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00156-00044095-00044328 aircraft as they the soldiers found
+JyCgzC5t9og-00157-00044329-00044549 distinguishing between friend and foe
+JyCgzC5t9og-00158-00044550-00044748 problematic
+JyCgzC5t9og-00159-00044749-00045068 reconnaissance flying like all kinds was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00160-00045069-00045474 a hazardous business in April 1917 the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00161-00045475-00045702 worst month for the entire war for the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00162-00045703-00046008 RFC the average life expectancy of a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00163-00046009-00046236 British pilot on the Western Front was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00164-00046237-00046926 69 flying hours
+JyCgzC5t9og-00165-00046927-00047530 topic early bombing efforts
+JyCgzC5t9og-00166-00047531-00047899 typical 1914 aircraft could carry only
+JyCgzC5t9og-00167-00047900-00048121 very small bomb loads the bombs
+JyCgzC5t9og-00168-00048122-00048364 themselves and their stowage were still
+JyCgzC5t9og-00169-00048365-00048629 very elementary an effective bomb sites
+JyCgzC5t9og-00170-00048630-00048895 were still to be developed nonetheless
+JyCgzC5t9og-00171-00048896-00049142 the beginnings of strategic and tactical
+JyCgzC5t9og-00172-00049143-00049411 bombing date from the earliest days of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00173-00049412-00049708 the war notable are the raids by the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00174-00049709-00050014 RNAs on the German airship sheds at
+JyCgzC5t9og-00175-00050015-00050311 düsseldorf cologne and Friedreich's - in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00176-00050312-00050683 September October and November 1914 as
+JyCgzC5t9og-00177-00050684-00050882 well as the formation of the briefed
+JyCgzC5t9og-00178-00050883-00051185 Alba Knapp tiling Ostend or Ostend
+JyCgzC5t9og-00179-00051186-00051517 carrier pigeon detachment cover named
+JyCgzC5t9og-00180-00051519-00051742 for the first German strategic bombing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00181-00051744-00052000 unit which mounted the first token raid
+JyCgzC5t9og-00182-00052001-00052752 over the English Channel in December
+JyCgzC5t9og-00183-00052753-00053404 topic the dawn of air combat
+JyCgzC5t9og-00184-00053404-00053694 as Dixon had predicted initially air
+JyCgzC5t9og-00185-00053695-00053976 combat was extremely rare and definitely
+JyCgzC5t9og-00186-00053977-00054294 subordinate to reconnaissance there are
+JyCgzC5t9og-00187-00054295-00054511 even stories of the crew of rival
+JyCgzC5t9og-00188-00054512-00054732 reconnaissance aircraft exchanging
+JyCgzC5t9og-00189-00054733-00054969 nothing more belligerent than smiles and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00190-00054970-00055279 waves this soon progressed to throwing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00191-00055279-00055488 grenades and other objects even
+JyCgzC5t9og-00192-00055489-00055782 grappling hooks the first aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00193-00055783-00056067 brought down by another was an Austrian
+JyCgzC5t9og-00194-00056069-00056292 reconnaissance aircraft rammed on the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00195-00056294-00056631 8th of September 1914 by Russian pilot
+JyCgzC5t9og-00196-00056632-00056896 pyotr Nesterov in galicia in the eastern
+JyCgzC5t9og-00197-00056897-00057238 front both planes crashed as the result
+JyCgzC5t9og-00198-00057239-00057522 of the attack killing all occupants
+JyCgzC5t9og-00199-00057523-00057829 eventually pilots began firing handheld
+JyCgzC5t9og-00200-00057829-00058078 firearms at enemy aircraft however
+JyCgzC5t9og-00201-00058079-00058309 pistols were too inaccurate and the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00202-00058310-00058594 single-shot rifles too unlikely to score
+JyCgzC5t9og-00203-00058595-00059050 a hit on October 5th 1914 French pilot
+JyCgzC5t9og-00204-00059051-00059325 Luis Quino opened fire on a German
+JyCgzC5t9og-00205-00059326-00059538 aircraft with a machine gun for the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00206-00059539-00059805 first time and the era of air combat was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00207-00059807-00060051 underway as more and more aircraft were
+JyCgzC5t9og-00208-00060052-00060707 fitted with machine guns
+JyCgzC5t9og-00209-00060708-00061376 topic evolution of fighter aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00210-00061377-00061699 you
+JyCgzC5t9og-00211-00061700-00062246 topic the pusher solution
+JyCgzC5t9og-00212-00062247-00062579 as early as 1912 designers at the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00213-00062579-00062822 British firm Vickers were experimenting
+JyCgzC5t9og-00214-00062823-00063152 with machine gun carrying aircraft the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00215-00063153-00063383 first concrete result was the Vickers
+JyCgzC5t9og-00216-00063384-00063653 experimental fighting biplane one which
+JyCgzC5t9og-00217-00063654-00063986 featured at the 1913 Aero show in London
+JyCgzC5t9og-00218-00063987-00064259 and appeared in developed form as the FB
+JyCgzC5t9og-00219-00064260-00064664 point-five in February 1915 this
+JyCgzC5t9og-00220-00064665-00064874 pioneering fighter like the Royal
+JyCgzC5t9og-00221-00064875-00065213 aircraft Factory fe 2b and the air co d
+JyCgzC5t9og-00222-00065214-00065591 h point one was a pusher type these had
+JyCgzC5t9og-00223-00065592-00065789 the engine and propeller behind the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00224-00065790-00066059 pilot facing backward rather than at the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00225-00066060-00066293 front of the aircraft as in a tractor
+JyCgzC5t9og-00226-00066294-00066626 configuration design this provided an
+JyCgzC5t9og-00227-00066627-00066875 optimal machine gun position from which
+JyCgzC5t9og-00228-00066876-00067112 the gun could be fired directly forward
+JyCgzC5t9og-00229-00067113-00067328 without an obstructing propeller and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00230-00067329-00067594 reloaded and cleared in flight an
+JyCgzC5t9og-00231-00067595-00067850 important drawback was that pusher
+JyCgzC5t9og-00232-00067851-00068060 designs tended to have an inferior
+JyCgzC5t9og-00233-00068061-00068273 performance to tractor types with the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00234-00068274-00068525 same engine power because of the extra
+JyCgzC5t9og-00235-00068526-00068765 drag created by the struts and rigging
+JyCgzC5t9og-00236-00068766-00069131 necessary to carry the tail unit the FE
+JyCgzC5t9og-00237-00069132-00069467 2d a more powerful version of the FE to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00238-00069468-00069740 be remained a formidable opponent well
+JyCgzC5t9og-00239-00069741-00070058 into 1917 when pusher fighters were
+JyCgzC5t9og-00240-00070059-00070385 already obsolete they were simply too
+JyCgzC5t9og-00241-00070386-00070978 slow to catch their quarry
+JyCgzC5t9og-00242-00070979-00071602 topic machine gun synchronization
+JyCgzC5t9og-00243-00071603-00071935 the forward firing gun of a pusher gun
+JyCgzC5t9og-00244-00071936-00072217 carrier provided some offensive
+JyCgzC5t9og-00245-00072218-00072478 capability the mounting of a machine gun
+JyCgzC5t9og-00246-00072479-00072691 firing to the rear from a two-seater
+JyCgzC5t9og-00247-00072692-00072919 tractor aircraft gave defensive
+JyCgzC5t9og-00248-00072920-00073231 capability there was an obvious need for
+JyCgzC5t9og-00249-00073232-00073531 some means to fire a machine gun forward
+JyCgzC5t9og-00250-00073532-00073795 from a tractor aircraft especially from
+JyCgzC5t9og-00251-00073796-00074136 one of the small light Scout aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00252-00074137-00074440 adapted from pre-war racers that were to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00253-00074441-00074698 perform most air combat duties for the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00254-00074699-00074965 rest of the war it would seem most
+JyCgzC5t9og-00255-00074966-00075172 natural to place the gun between the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00256-00075173-00075415 pilot and the propeller firing in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00257-00075416-00075661 direct line of flight so that the gun
+JyCgzC5t9og-00258-00075662-00076033 could be aimed by aiming the aircraft it
+JyCgzC5t9og-00259-00076034-00076255 was also important that the breech of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00260-00076256-00076483 the weapon be readily accessible to the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00261-00076484-00076702 pilot so that he could clear the jams
+JyCgzC5t9og-00262-00076703-00076933 and stoppages to which early machine
+JyCgzC5t9og-00263-00076934-00077293 guns were prone however this presented
+JyCgzC5t9og-00264-00077294-00077527 an obvious problem a percentage of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00265-00077528-00077845 bullets fired free through a revolving
+JyCgzC5t9og-00266-00077846-00078091 propeller will strike the blades with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00267-00078092-00078478 predictable results early experiments
+JyCgzC5t9og-00268-00078479-00078718 with synchronized machine guns had been
+JyCgzC5t9og-00269-00078719-00078931 carried out in several countries before
+JyCgzC5t9og-00270-00078932-00079297 the war franz schneider then working for
+JyCgzC5t9og-00271-00079298-00079570 newport in france but later working for
+JyCgzC5t9og-00272-00079571-00079813 lvg in germany patented a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00273-00079814-00080106 synchronization gear on the 15th of July
+JyCgzC5t9og-00274-00080107-00080521 1913 an early Russian gear was designed
+JyCgzC5t9og-00275-00080522-00080788 by a lieutenant Popov Co the Edwards
+JyCgzC5t9og-00276-00080789-00081022 brothers in England designed the first
+JyCgzC5t9og-00277-00081023-00081271 British example and the Marine cell near
+JyCgzC5t9og-00278-00081272-00081514 company were also working on the problem
+JyCgzC5t9og-00279-00081515-00081886 in 1914 all these early experiments
+JyCgzC5t9og-00280-00081887-00082147 failed to attract official attention
+JyCgzC5t9og-00281-00082148-00082384 partly due to official inertia and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00282-00082385-00082645 partly due to the terrifying results of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00283-00082646-00082867 failures of these early synchronizing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00284-00082868-00083089 gears which included dangerously
+JyCgzC5t9og-00285-00083090-00083278 ricocheting bullets as well as
+JyCgzC5t9og-00286-00083279-00083536 disintegrating propellers the Lewis gun
+JyCgzC5t9og-00287-00083537-00083752 used on many early Allied aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00288-00083753-00084004 proved next to impossible to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00289-00084005-00084262 successfully synchronize due to its open
+JyCgzC5t9og-00290-00084263-00084634 bolt firing cycle in an open bolt firing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00291-00084635-00084886 cycle it is impossible to predict the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00292-00084887-00084938 exact
+JyCgzC5t9og-00293-00084939-00085154 time any given round will fire a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00294-00085155-00085412 problematic characteristic in a weapon
+JyCgzC5t9og-00295-00085413-00085628 one is attempting to fire between the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00296-00085629-00085846 spinning blades of a propeller
+JyCgzC5t9og-00297-00085847-00086150 photographs of fuselage-mounted Lewis
+JyCgzC5t9og-00298-00086151-00086432 guns aimed directly ahead on RNAs
+JyCgzC5t9og-00299-00086433-00086708 aircraft and looking as if they should
+JyCgzC5t9og-00300-00086709-00087047 be synchronized as with some of their
+JyCgzC5t9og-00301-00087048-00087335 Bristol Scouts were probably in fact
+JyCgzC5t9og-00302-00087336-00087584 free firing hardly a satisfactory
+JyCgzC5t9og-00303-00087585-00088019 solution the maxim guns used by both the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00304-00088020-00088277 Allies as the Vickers and Germany as the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00305-00088278-00088727 Parabellum mg 14 and Spandau LMG 0:08
+JyCgzC5t9og-00306-00088728-00088985 had a closed bolt firing cycle that
+JyCgzC5t9og-00307-00088986-00089189 started with a bullet already in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00308-00089190-00089402 breech and the breach closed so the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00309-00089403-00089624 firing of the bullet was the next step
+JyCgzC5t9og-00310-00089625-00089933 in the cycle this meant that the exact
+JyCgzC5t9og-00311-00089934-00090152 instant the round would be fired could
+JyCgzC5t9og-00312-00090153-00090353 be predicted making these weapons
+JyCgzC5t9og-00313-00090354-00090725 considerably easier to synchronize the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00314-00090726-00090971 standard French light machine gun the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00315-00090972-00091232 Hotchkiss was also most uneme noble to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00316-00091233-00091520 synchronization do two rounds hanging
+JyCgzC5t9og-00317-00091521-00091838 fire the morane-saulnier company
+JyCgzC5t9og-00318-00091839-00092221 designed a safety backup in the form of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00319-00092222-00092594 deflector blades metal wedges complete
+JyCgzC5t9og-00320-00092595-00092828 with metal tie bars extending outwards
+JyCgzC5t9og-00321-00092829-00093029 from the propeller hub for bracing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00322-00093030-00093233 fitted to the rear surfaces of a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00323-00093234-00093464 propeller at the radial point where they
+JyCgzC5t9og-00324-00093465-00093676 would be struck by a bullet
+JyCgzC5t9og-00325-00093677-00093971 roland-garros tried out this system in a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00326-00093972-00094406 murrain cell near L in April 1915 he
+JyCgzC5t9og-00327-00094407-00094652 managed to score several kills although
+JyCgzC5t9og-00328-00094653-00094844 it proved to be an inadequate and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00329-00094845-00095207 dangerous solution Garros eventually was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00330-00095208-00095477 forced by engine failure possibly caused
+JyCgzC5t9og-00331-00095478-00095738 by the repeated strain on his aircrafts
+JyCgzC5t9og-00332-00095739-00096056 crankshaft of the deflected bullets
+JyCgzC5t9og-00333-00096057-00096275 striking his propeller to land behind
+JyCgzC5t9og-00334-00096276-00096554 enemy lines and he and his secret weapon
+JyCgzC5t9og-00335-00096555-00096881 were captured by the Germans famously
+JyCgzC5t9og-00336-00096882-00097160 the German High Command passed Garros
+JyCgzC5t9og-00337-00097161-00097397 captured moraine to the Fokker company
+JyCgzC5t9og-00338-00097398-00097601 who already produced marine type
+JyCgzC5t9og-00339-00097602-00097835 monoplanes for the german air service
+JyCgzC5t9og-00340-00097836-00098104 with orders to copy the design
+JyCgzC5t9og-00341-00098105-00098332 the deflector system was totally
+JyCgzC5t9og-00342-00098333-00098587 unsuitable for the steel-jacketed German
+JyCgzC5t9og-00343-00098588-00098821 ammunition so that the Fokker engineers
+JyCgzC5t9og-00344-00098822-00098980 were forced to revisit the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00345-00098981-00099244 synchronisation idea perhaps infringing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00346-00099245-00099460 Schneider's patent crafting the stang
+JyCgzC5t9og-00347-00099461-00099781 and storing system by the spring of 1915
+JyCgzC5t9og-00348-00099782-00100042 used on the examples of their pioneering
+JyCgzC5t9og-00349-00100043-00100351 eindecker fighter crude as these little
+JyCgzC5t9og-00350-00100352-00100618 mana planes were they produced a period
+JyCgzC5t9og-00351-00100619-00100897 of German air superiority known as the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00352-00100898-00101251 Fokker scourge by the Allies the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00353-00101252-00101470 psychological effect exceeded the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00354-00101471-00101737 material the Allies had up to now been
+JyCgzC5t9og-00355-00101738-00101986 more or less unchallenged in the air and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00356-00101987-00102172 the vulnerability of their older
+JyCgzC5t9og-00357-00102173-00102418 reconnaissance aircraft especially the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00358-00102419-00102706 British be2 and French farmen pushers
+JyCgzC5t9og-00359-00102707-00103388 came as a very nasty shock
+JyCgzC5t9og-00360-00103389-00103897 topic other methods
+JyCgzC5t9og-00361-00103898-00104194 another method used at this time to fire
+JyCgzC5t9og-00362-00104195-00104419 a machine gun forward from a tractor
+JyCgzC5t9og-00363-00104420-00104653 design was to mount the gun to fire
+JyCgzC5t9og-00364-00104654-00104968 above the propeller arc this required
+JyCgzC5t9og-00365-00104969-00105208 the gun to be mounted on the top wing of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00366-00105208-00105469 biplanes and be mounted on complicated
+JyCgzC5t9og-00367-00105470-00105774 drag inducing structures in monoplanes
+JyCgzC5t9og-00368-00105775-00106063 reaching the gun so that drums or belts
+JyCgzC5t9og-00369-00106064-00106282 could be changed or jams cleared
+JyCgzC5t9og-00370-00106283-00106519 presented problems even when the gun
+JyCgzC5t9og-00371-00106520-00106738 could be mounted relatively close to the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00372-00106739-00107083 pilot eventually the excellent foster
+JyCgzC5t9og-00373-00107083-00107293 mounting became more or less the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00374-00107294-00107542 standard way of mounting a Lewis gun in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00375-00107543-00107818 this position in the RFC this allowed
+JyCgzC5t9og-00376-00107819-00108031 the gun to slide backward for drum
+JyCgzC5t9og-00377-00108032-00108285 changing and also to be fired at an
+JyCgzC5t9og-00378-00108286-00108510 upward angle a very effective way of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00379-00108511-00108831 attacking an enemy from the blind spot
+JyCgzC5t9og-00380-00108832-00109180 under its tail this type of mounting was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00381-00109181-00109438 still only possible for a biplane with a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00382-00109439-00109696 top wing positioned near the apex of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00383-00109697-00109882 propellers arc it put considerable
+JyCgzC5t9og-00384-00109883-00110155 strain on the fragile wing structures of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00385-00110156-00110383 the period and it was less rigid than a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00386-00110383-00110656 gun mounting on the fuselage producing a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00387-00110657-00110944 greater scatter of bullets
+JyCgzC5t9og-00388-00110945-00111183 especially at anything but very short
+JyCgzC5t9og-00389-00111184-00111510 range the earliest versions of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00390-00111511-00111786 Bristol Scout to see aerial combat duty
+JyCgzC5t9og-00391-00111788-00112201 in 1915 the Scout C had Lewis gun mounts
+JyCgzC5t9og-00392-00112202-00112461 in RNAs service that sometimes were
+JyCgzC5t9og-00393-00112463-00112681 elevated above the propeller arc and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00394-00112682-00112906 sometimes in an apparently reckless
+JyCgzC5t9og-00395-00112907-00113116 manner firing directly through the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00396-00113117-00113364 propeller arc without synchronisation
+JyCgzC5t9og-00397-00113365-00113704 during the spring and summer of 1915
+JyCgzC5t9og-00398-00113705-00113934 Captain llinois Hawker of the Royal
+JyCgzC5t9og-00399-00113935-00114202 Flying Corps however had mounted his
+JyCgzC5t9og-00400-00114203-00114472 Lewis gun just forward of the cockpit to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00401-00114473-00114721 fire forwards and outwards on the left
+JyCgzC5t9og-00402-00114722-00115000 side of his aircraft's fuselage at about
+JyCgzC5t9og-00403-00115001-00115333 a 30 degrees horizontal angle on the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00404-00115333-00115714 25th of July 1915 captain Hawker flew
+JyCgzC5t9og-00405-00115715-00116052 his Scout C bearing RFC serial number
+JyCgzC5t9og-00406-00116053-00116356 1611 against several two-seat German
+JyCgzC5t9og-00407-00116357-00116596 observation aircraft of the flagger trip
+JyCgzC5t9og-00408-00116597-00116811 and managed to defeat three of them in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00409-00116813-00117019 aerial engagements to earn the first
+JyCgzC5t9og-00410-00117020-00117258 Victoria Cross awarded to a British
+JyCgzC5t9og-00411-00117259-00117496 fighter pilot while engaged against
+JyCgzC5t9og-00412-00117497-00117766 enemy fixed-wing aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00413-00117767-00118196 you
+JyCgzC5t9og-00414-00118197-00118963 topic 1915 the Fokker scourge
+JyCgzC5t9og-00415-00118964-00119194 the first purpose-designed fighter
+JyCgzC5t9og-00416-00119195-00119409 aircraft included the british vickers
+JyCgzC5t9og-00417-00119410-00119797 fb5 and machine guns were also fitted to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00418-00119798-00120033 several French types such as the Marine
+JyCgzC5t9og-00419-00120034-00120333 cell near L&N initially the German Air
+JyCgzC5t9og-00420-00120334-00120585 Service lagged behind the Allies in this
+JyCgzC5t9og-00421-00120586-00120802 respect but this was soon to change
+JyCgzC5t9og-00422-00120803-00121284 dramatically in July 1915 the Fakhri I
+JyCgzC5t9og-00423-00121285-00121558 the first aircraft to enter service with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00424-00121558-00121911 a synchronization gear which enabled a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00425-00121913-00122136 machine gun to fire through the arc of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00426-00122138-00122326 the propeller without striking its
+JyCgzC5t9og-00427-00122327-00122671 blades became operational this gave an
+JyCgzC5t9og-00428-00122672-00122851 important advantage over other
+JyCgzC5t9og-00429-00122852-00123124 contemporary fighter aircraft this
+JyCgzC5t9og-00430-00123125-00123360 aircraft and its immediate successors
+JyCgzC5t9og-00431-00123361-00123643 collectively known as the idea German
+JyCgzC5t9og-00432-00123644-00123954 for monoplane for the first time
+JyCgzC5t9og-00433-00123955-00124177 supplied an effective equivalent to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00434-00124178-00124465 Allied fighters to German military
+JyCgzC5t9og-00435-00124466-00124783 aviators Leutnant Sato partial and Curt
+JyCgzC5t9og-00436-00124783-00124996 win James worked for the Fokker firm
+JyCgzC5t9og-00437-00124997-00125332 during the spring of 1915 demonstrating
+JyCgzC5t9og-00438-00125333-00125553 the revolutionary feature of the forward
+JyCgzC5t9og-00439-00125554-00125803 firing synchronized machine gun to the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00440-00125804-00126054 embryonic force of fle Gert rip pilots
+JyCgzC5t9og-00441-00126055-00126349 of the German Empire the first
+JyCgzC5t9og-00442-00126350-00126579 successful engagement involving a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00443-00126580-00126838 synchronized gun armed aircraft occurred
+JyCgzC5t9og-00444-00126839-00127225 on the afternoon of July 1st 1915 to the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00445-00127226-00127477 east of Luna Ville France when Leutnant
+JyCgzC5t9og-00446-00127478-00127573 Kurt Winton's
+JyCgzC5t9og-00447-00127574-00127836 one of the pilots selected by Fokker to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00448-00127838-00128058 demonstrate the small series of five
+JyCgzC5t9og-00449-00128059-00128334 eindecker prototype aircraft forced down
+JyCgzC5t9og-00450-00128335-00128631 a French Marine cell near Paris all
+JyCgzC5t9og-00451-00128632-00128932 two-seat observation monoplane behind
+JyCgzC5t9og-00452-00128933-00129295 allied lines with his fokker m5 k mg
+JyCgzC5t9og-00453-00129296-00129522 eindecker production prototype aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00454-00129523-00129816 carrying the it fleet military serial
+JyCgzC5t9og-00455-00129817-00130333 number e 515 some 200 shots from the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00456-00130333-00130645 synchronised Parabellum mg 14 machine
+JyCgzC5t9og-00457-00130646-00130897 gun on when gens aircraft had hit the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00458-00130898-00131119 Nome lambda rotary engine of the moraine
+JyCgzC5t9og-00459-00131120-00131410 parasol forcing it to land safely an
+JyCgzC5t9og-00460-00131411-00131737 allied territory by late 1915 the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00461-00131738-00131961 Germans had achieved air superiority
+JyCgzC5t9og-00462-00131962-00132232 rendering allied access to the vital
+JyCgzC5t9og-00463-00132233-00132316 intelligence
+JyCgzC5t9og-00464-00132317-00132511 derived from continual aerial
+JyCgzC5t9og-00465-00132512-00132765 reconnaissance more dangerous to acquire
+JyCgzC5t9og-00466-00132766-00133090 in particular the defenselessness of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00467-00133091-00133330 allied reconnaissance types was exposed
+JyCgzC5t9og-00468-00133331-00133765 the first German ace pilots notably
+JyCgzC5t9og-00469-00133766-00134170 maximal men had begun their careers the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00470-00134171-00134370 number of actual allied casualties
+JyCgzC5t9og-00471-00134371-00134662 involved was for various reasons very
+JyCgzC5t9og-00472-00134663-00134887 small compared with the intensive air
+JyCgzC5t9og-00473-00134888-00135138 fighting of nineteen seventeen eighteen
+JyCgzC5t9og-00474-00135139-00135427 the deployment of the ein deker's was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00475-00135428-00135676 less than overwhelming the new type was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00476-00135677-00135928 issued in ones and twos to existing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00477-00135929-00136156 reconnaissance squadrons and it was to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00478-00136157-00136393 be nearly a year before the Germans were
+JyCgzC5t9og-00479-00136394-00136615 to follow the British in establishing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00480-00136616-00136842 specialist fighter squadrons the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00481-00136843-00137140 eindecker was also in spite of its
+JyCgzC5t9og-00482-00137141-00137362 advanced armament by no means an
+JyCgzC5t9og-00483-00137363-00137629 outstanding aircraft being closely based
+JyCgzC5t9og-00484-00137630-00137860 on the pre-war morane-saulnier age
+JyCgzC5t9og-00485-00137861-00138103 although it did feature a steel tubing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00486-00138104-00138373 fuselage framework a characteristic of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00487-00138374-00138610 all Fokker wartime aircraft designs
+JyCgzC5t9og-00488-00138611-00138805 instead of the wooden fuselage
+JyCgzC5t9og-00489-00138806-00139107 components of the French aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00490-00139108-00139395 nonetheless the impact on morale of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00491-00139396-00139598 fact that the Germans were effectively
+JyCgzC5t9og-00492-00139599-00139853 fighting back in the air created a major
+JyCgzC5t9og-00493-00139854-00140082 scandal in the British Parliament and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00494-00140083-00140378 pressed the ascendancy of the eindecker
+JyCgzC5t9og-00495-00140379-00140648 also contributed to the surprise the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00496-00140649-00140849 Germans were able to achieve at the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00497-00140850-00141065 start of the Battle of Verdun because
+JyCgzC5t9og-00498-00141066-00141210 the French reconnaissance aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00499-00141211-00141483 failed to provide their usual cover of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00500-00141484-00141848 the German positions fortunately for the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00501-00141849-00142088 Allies two new British fighters that
+JyCgzC5t9og-00502-00142089-00142322 were a match for the Fokker the two-seat
+JyCgzC5t9og-00503-00142323-00142679 Fe to be and the single-seat dh2 were
+JyCgzC5t9og-00504-00142680-00142976 already in production these were both
+JyCgzC5t9og-00505-00142977-00143220 pushers and could fire forwards without
+JyCgzC5t9og-00506-00143221-00143609 gun synchronisation the FE to be reached
+JyCgzC5t9og-00507-00143610-00144011 the front in September 1915 and the dh2
+JyCgzC5t9og-00508-00144012-00144329 in the following February on the French
+JyCgzC5t9og-00509-00144330-00144629 front the tiny Newport eleven Attractor
+JyCgzC5t9og-00510-00144630-00144851 biplane with a forward firing gun
+JyCgzC5t9og-00511-00144852-00145085 mounted on the top wing outside the arc
+JyCgzC5t9og-00512-00145086-00145332 of the propeller also proved more than a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00513-00145333-00145538 match for the German fighter when it
+JyCgzC5t9og-00514-00145539-00145944 entered service in January 1916 with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00515-00145945-00146110 these new types the Allies
+JyCgzC5t9og-00516-00146111-00146406 re-established air superiority in time
+JyCgzC5t9og-00517-00146407-00146609 for the Battle of the Somme and the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00518-00146610-00147074 Fokker scourge was over the Fokker
+JyCgzC5t9og-00519-00147075-00147471 III air co dh2 and Newport 11 were the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00520-00147472-00147734 very first in a long line of single-seat
+JyCgzC5t9og-00521-00147735-00147962 fighter aircraft used by both sides
+JyCgzC5t9og-00522-00147963-00148286 during the war very quickly it became
+JyCgzC5t9og-00523-00148287-00148559 clear the primary role of fighters would
+JyCgzC5t9og-00524-00148560-00148787 be attacking enemy two-seaters which
+JyCgzC5t9og-00525-00148788-00149015 were becoming increasingly important as
+JyCgzC5t9og-00526-00149016-00149244 sources of reconnaissance and artillery
+JyCgzC5t9og-00527-00149245-00149525 observation while also escorting and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00528-00149526-00149729 defending friendly two-seaters from
+JyCgzC5t9og-00529-00149730-00150059 enemy fighters fighters were also used
+JyCgzC5t9og-00530-00150060-00150294 to attack enemy observation balloons
+JyCgzC5t9og-00531-00150295-00150587 strafe enemy ground targets and defend
+JyCgzC5t9og-00532-00150588-00150904 friendly airspace from enemy bombers
+JyCgzC5t9og-00533-00150905-00151202 almost all the fighters in service with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00534-00151203-00151427 both sides with the exception of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00535-00151428-00151691 FACA steel tube fuselage airframes
+JyCgzC5t9og-00536-00151692-00151928 continued to use wood as the basic
+JyCgzC5t9og-00537-00151929-00152181 structural material with fabric covered
+JyCgzC5t9og-00538-00152182-00152490 wings relying on external wire braces
+JyCgzC5t9og-00539-00152491-00152781 however the first practical all-metal
+JyCgzC5t9og-00540-00152782-00153000 aircraft was produced by hugo junkers
+JyCgzC5t9og-00541-00153001-00153267 who also used a cantilever wing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00542-00153268-00153555 structure with a metal covering the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00543-00153556-00153783 first flight tests of the initial flight
+JyCgzC5t9og-00544-00153784-00154032 demonstrator of this technology the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00545-00154033-00154317 Junkers jae-won monoplane took place at
+JyCgzC5t9og-00546-00154318-00154632 the end of 1915 heralding the future of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00547-00154633-00155332 aircraft structural design
+JyCgzC5t9og-00548-00155333-00156116 topic 1916 Verdun and the Somme
+JyCgzC5t9og-00549-00156117-00156318 when the Battle of Verdun
+JyCgzC5t9og-00550-00156319-00156672 began on the 21st of February 1916
+JyCgzC5t9og-00551-00156673-00156966 air-superiority initially enabled the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00552-00156967-00157242 Germans to establish a blockade Luft's
+JyCgzC5t9og-00553-00157243-00157584 bear on the French air squadrons however
+JyCgzC5t9og-00554-00157585-00157785 the French were already arming their
+JyCgzC5t9og-00555-00157786-00158040 specialist fighter squadrons the Eska
+JyCgzC5t9og-00556-00158041-00158298 drills de chasse with the Newport 11 and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00557-00158299-00158523 with a new offensive strategy they
+JyCgzC5t9og-00558-00158524-00158714 quickly overcame the Luft's bear
+JyCgzC5t9og-00559-00158715-00158991 establishing air superiority over the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00560-00158992-00159243 battle by April in the meantime in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00561-00159244-00159510 aftermath of the Fokker scourge the need
+JyCgzC5t9og-00562-00159511-00159810 for a larger better equipped RFC became
+JyCgzC5t9og-00563-00159811-00160065 obvious and the process of raising many
+JyCgzC5t9og-00564-00160066-00160398 new British squadrons was started in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00565-00160399-00160686 short term creating new units was easier
+JyCgzC5t9og-00566-00160687-00160923 than producing aircraft to equip them
+JyCgzC5t9og-00567-00160924-00161250 and training pilots to man them when the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00568-00161251-00161592 Battle of the Somme started in July 1916
+JyCgzC5t9og-00569-00161593-00161928 most ordinary RFC squadrons were still
+JyCgzC5t9og-00570-00161929-00162177 equipped with the B to C which had
+JyCgzC5t9og-00571-00162178-00162399 already proved an easy target for the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00572-00162400-00162705 fokker eindecker new types such as the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00573-00162706-00162948 Sopwith one-and-a-half Strutter had to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00574-00162949-00163179 be transferred from production intended
+JyCgzC5t9og-00575-00163180-00163530 for the RNAs even more seriously
+JyCgzC5t9og-00576-00163531-00163779 replacement pilots were being sent to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00577-00163780-00164140 France with pitifully few flying hours
+JyCgzC5t9og-00578-00164141-00164439 nonetheless air superiority in an
+JyCgzC5t9og-00579-00164440-00164788 offensive strategy facilitated the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00580-00164789-00165028 greatly increased involvement of the RFC
+JyCgzC5t9og-00581-00165029-00165292 in the battle itself in what was known
+JyCgzC5t9og-00582-00165293-00165667 at the time as trench strafing in modern
+JyCgzC5t9og-00583-00165668-00165973 terms close support for the rest of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00584-00165974-00166261 war this became a regular routine with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00585-00166262-00166513 both attacking and defending infantry in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00586-00166514-00166768 a land battle being constantly liable to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00587-00166769-00167017 attack by machine guns and light bombs
+JyCgzC5t9og-00588-00167018-00167368 from the air at this time counter fire
+JyCgzC5t9og-00589-00167369-00167608 from the ground was far less effective
+JyCgzC5t9og-00590-00167609-00167815 than it became later when the necessary
+JyCgzC5t9og-00591-00167816-00168067 techniques of deflection shooting had
+JyCgzC5t9og-00592-00168068-00168400 been mastered the first step towards
+JyCgzC5t9og-00593-00168401-00168682 specialist fighter only aviation units
+JyCgzC5t9og-00594-00168683-00168901 within the German military was the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00595-00168902-00169123 establishment of the so called camp fine
+JyCgzC5t9og-00596-00169124-00169414 sit sir commando single-seat battle unit
+JyCgzC5t9og-00597-00169415-00169876 abbreviated as kek formations by
+JyCgzC5t9og-00598-00169877-00170113 inspector major Friedreich's temple in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00599-00170114-00170455 February 1916 these were based around
+JyCgzC5t9og-00600-00170456-00170656 ein Dicker's and other new fighter
+JyCgzC5t9og-00601-00170657-00170932 designs emerging like the FAL zseries
+JyCgzC5t9og-00602-00170933-00171193 monoplanes that were being detached from
+JyCgzC5t9og-00603-00171194-00171400 their former felled fleiger ab tiling
+JyCgzC5t9og-00604-00171401-00171604 units during the winter of nineteen
+JyCgzC5t9og-00605-00171605-00171865 fifteen sixteen and brought together in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00606-00171866-00172099 pairs and quartets at particularly
+JyCgzC5t9og-00607-00172100-00172594 strategic locations as KEK units were
+JyCgzC5t9og-00608-00172595-00172858 formed at hab Heim Voe of Villiers
+JyCgzC5t9og-00609-00172859-00172951 gamuts
+JyCgzC5t9og-00610-00172952-00173172 and Connell as well as other strategic
+JyCgzC5t9og-00611-00173173-00173455 locations along the western front to act
+JyCgzC5t9og-00612-00173456-00173782 as Luftwaffe aerial Guard Force units
+JyCgzC5t9og-00613-00173783-00174091 consisting only of fighters in a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00614-00174092-00174457 pioneering move in March 1916 German
+JyCgzC5t9og-00615-00174458-00174730 Master aerial tactician Oswald Boelcke
+JyCgzC5t9og-00616-00174731-00175018 came up with the idea of having forward
+JyCgzC5t9og-00617-00175019-00175294 observers located close to the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00618-00175295-00175509 frontlines to spot Allied aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00619-00175510-00175792 approaching the front to avoid wear and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00620-00175793-00175969 tear on the trio of fokker eindecker
+JyCgzC5t9og-00621-00175970-00176134 scout aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00622-00176135-00176569 he had based with his own KEK unit based
+JyCgzC5t9og-00623-00176570-00176824 at sivori sur meuse just north of her
+JyCgzC5t9og-00624-00176825-00177225 done by april 1916 the air superiority
+JyCgzC5t9og-00625-00177226-00177493 established by the eindecker pilot
+JyCgzC5t9og-00626-00177494-00177751 maintained by their use within the kek
+JyCgzC5t9og-00627-00177752-00178012 formations had long evaporated as the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00628-00178013-00178327 Halberstadt d2 began to be phased in as
+JyCgzC5t9og-00629-00178328-00178579 germany's first biplane fighter design
+JyCgzC5t9og-00630-00178580-00178858 with the first fokker d series biplane
+JyCgzC5t9og-00631-00178859-00179119 fighters joining the Halberstadt and a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00632-00179120-00179401 target was set to establish 37 new
+JyCgzC5t9og-00633-00179402-00179635 squadrons in the next 12 months
+JyCgzC5t9og-00634-00179636-00179836 entirely equipped with single-seat
+JyCgzC5t9og-00635-00179837-00180043 fighters and manned by specially
+JyCgzC5t9og-00636-00180044-00180295 selected and trained pilots to counter
+JyCgzC5t9og-00637-00180296-00180520 the Allied fighter squadrons already
+JyCgzC5t9og-00638-00180521-00180781 experiencing considerable success as
+JyCgzC5t9og-00639-00180782-00181045 operated by the Royal Flying Corps and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00640-00181046-00181333 the French a Aeronautics militare the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00641-00181334-00181549 small numbers of questionably built
+JyCgzC5t9og-00642-00181550-00181843 Fokker dii is posted to the front
+JyCgzC5t9og-00643-00181844-00182098 pioneered the mounting of twin l mg o
+JyCgzC5t9og-00644-00182099-00182449 eights before 1916 s end as the building
+JyCgzC5t9og-00645-00182450-00182677 numbers of the similarly armed and much
+JyCgzC5t9og-00646-00182678-00182971 more formidable new twin gun Albatros d
+JyCgzC5t9og-00647-00182972-00183286 iz were well on the way to establishing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00648-00183287-00183553 the german air superiority marking the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00649-00183554-00183849 first half of 1917
+JyCgzC5t9og-00650-00183850-00184146 Allied air superiority was maintained
+JyCgzC5t9og-00651-00184147-00184350 during the height of both battles and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00652-00184351-00184560 the increased effectiveness of Allied
+JyCgzC5t9og-00653-00184561-00184803 air activity proved disturbing to the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00654-00184804-00185025 German Army's top level Oberst here
+JyCgzC5t9og-00655-00185026-00185336 sliding command staff a complete
+JyCgzC5t9og-00656-00185337-00185562 reorganization of the fleet reppin des
+JyCgzC5t9og-00657-00185563-00185787 deutschen kaiser Ike's into what became
+JyCgzC5t9og-00658-00185788-00185982 officially known as the left strike
+JyCgzC5t9og-00659-00185983-00186193 craft followed and had generally been
+JyCgzC5t9og-00660-00186194-00186608 completed by October 1916 this
+JyCgzC5t9og-00661-00186609-00186864 reorganisation eventually produced the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00662-00186865-00187104 German strategic bombing squadrons that
+JyCgzC5t9og-00663-00187105-00187347 were to produce such consternation in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00664-00187348-00187722 England in 1917 and 1918 and the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00665-00187723-00187944 specialists close support squadrons
+JyCgzC5t9og-00666-00187945-00188160 slocked Stefan that gave the British
+JyCgzC5t9og-00667-00188161-00188421 infantry such trouble at compre and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00668-00188422-00188628 during the German Spring Offensive of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00669-00188629-00189069 1918 its most famous and dramatic effect
+JyCgzC5t9og-00670-00189070-00189276 however involved the raising of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00671-00189277-00189507 specialist fighter squadrons our Jagd
+JyCgzC5t9og-00672-00189508-00189738 staff owned a full year after similar
+JyCgzC5t9og-00673-00189739-00190041 units had become part of the RFC and the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00674-00190042-00190374 French a Aeronautics militaire initially
+JyCgzC5t9og-00675-00190375-00190548 these units were equipped with the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00676-00190549-00190863 Halberstadt d2 Germany's first biplane
+JyCgzC5t9og-00677-00190864-00191205 fighter the Fokker di and d2 along with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00678-00191206-00191445 the last few surviving in Dicker's all
+JyCgzC5t9og-00679-00191446-00191703 three biplane design types using a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00680-00191704-00192069 single LM go8 before the Fokker d3 and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00681-00192070-00192375 Albatros di twin gun types arrived at
+JyCgzC5t9og-00682-00192376-00192521 the front
+JyCgzC5t9og-00683-00192522-00192950 you
+JyCgzC5t9og-00684-00192951-00193691 topic 1917 bloody April
+JyCgzC5t9og-00685-00193692-00194078 the first half of 1917 was a successful
+JyCgzC5t9og-00686-00194079-00194295 period for the Jag staff Ulm and the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00687-00194296-00194597 much larger RFC suffered significantly
+JyCgzC5t9og-00688-00194598-00194854 higher casualties than their opponents
+JyCgzC5t9og-00689-00194855-00195161 while new Allied fighters such as the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00690-00195162-00195527 Sopwith Pup Sopwith triplane and spat s7
+JyCgzC5t9og-00691-00195528-00195764 were coming into service at this stage
+JyCgzC5t9og-00692-00195765-00196001 their numbers were small and suffered
+JyCgzC5t9og-00693-00196002-00196170 from inferior firepower
+JyCgzC5t9og-00694-00196171-00196407 all three were armed with just a single
+JyCgzC5t9og-00695-00196408-00196748 synchronized vickers machine gun on the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00696-00196749-00196995 other hand the Jag stephane were in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00697-00196996-00197234 process of replacing their early motley
+JyCgzC5t9og-00698-00197235-00197477 array of equipment with Albatros D
+JyCgzC5t9og-00699-00197478-00197690 series aircraft armed with twin
+JyCgzC5t9og-00700-00197691-00198134 synchronised mg o eights the DI and d2
+JyCgzC5t9og-00701-00198135-00198470 of late 1916 were succeeded by the new
+JyCgzC5t9og-00702-00198471-00198749 Albatros d-iii which was in spite of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00703-00198750-00198993 structural difficulties the best
+JyCgzC5t9og-00704-00198994-00199298 fighting Scout on the western front at
+JyCgzC5t9og-00705-00199299-00199676 the time meanwhile most RFC two-seater
+JyCgzC5t9og-00706-00199677-00200000 squadron still flew the B to e a very
+JyCgzC5t9og-00707-00200001-00200273 minor improvement on the B to C and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00708-00200274-00200471 still fundamentally unsuited to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00709-00200472-00200699 air-to-air combat
+JyCgzC5t9og-00710-00200700-00200964 this culminated in the rout of April
+JyCgzC5t9og-00711-00200965-00201521 1917 known as bloody April the RFC Royal
+JyCgzC5t9og-00712-00201522-00201773 Flying Corps suffered particularly
+JyCgzC5t9og-00713-00201774-00201889 severe losses
+JyCgzC5t9og-00714-00201890-00202172 although Tring qords policy of offensive
+JyCgzC5t9og-00715-00202173-00202508 patrol which placed most combat flying
+JyCgzC5t9og-00716-00202509-00202741 on the German side of the lines was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00717-00202742-00203069 maintained during the last half of 1917
+JyCgzC5t9og-00718-00203070-00203411 the British sopwith camel and se5a and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00719-00203412-00203693 the French spaz thirteen all fitted with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00720-00203694-00203981 two forward firing machine guns became
+JyCgzC5t9og-00721-00203982-00204284 available in numbers the ordinary
+JyCgzC5t9og-00722-00204285-00204604 two-seater squadrons in the RFC received
+JyCgzC5t9og-00723-00204605-00204910 the re 8r the FK 8 not outstanding
+JyCgzC5t9og-00724-00204911-00205196 warplanes but far less vulnerable than
+JyCgzC5t9og-00725-00205196-00205642 the b2 II they replaced the FE 2d at
+JyCgzC5t9og-00726-00205644-00205888 last received a worthy replacement in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00727-00205889-00206263 the Bristol f2b on the other hand the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00728-00206264-00206560 latest albatross the D V proved to be a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00729-00206561-00206938 disappointment as was the Fowles d3 the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00730-00206939-00207238 exotic fokker dr.i was plagued like the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00731-00207239-00207581 albatross with structural problems by
+JyCgzC5t9og-00732-00207582-00207789 the end of the year the air superiority
+JyCgzC5t9og-00733-00207790-00208057 pendulum had swung once more in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00734-00208058-00208671 Allies favour
+JyCgzC5t9og-00735-00208673-00209403 topic 1918 the spring offensive
+JyCgzC5t9og-00736-00209404-00209637 the surrender of the Russians and the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00737-00209638-00209948 Treaty of brest-litovsk in March 1918
+JyCgzC5t9og-00738-00209950-00210177 and the resulting release of troops from
+JyCgzC5t9og-00739-00210178-00210411 the Eastern Front gave the Germans a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00740-00210412-00210746 last chance of winning the war before
+JyCgzC5t9og-00741-00210748-00210978 the Americans could become effectively
+JyCgzC5t9og-00742-00210979-00211290 involved this resulted in the last great
+JyCgzC5t9og-00743-00211291-00211578 German offensive of the war the Spring
+JyCgzC5t9og-00744-00211579-00211911 Offensive which opened on the 21st of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00745-00211912-00212175 March the main attack fell on the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00746-00212176-00212358 British front on the assumption that
+JyCgzC5t9og-00747-00212359-00212592 defeat of the British Army would result
+JyCgzC5t9og-00748-00212592-00212814 in the surrender of the mutiny weakened
+JyCgzC5t9og-00749-00212815-00213066 French in the air the battle was marked
+JyCgzC5t9og-00750-00213067-00213300 by the carefully coordinated use of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00751-00213301-00213563 Schleck staffel nur battle flights
+JyCgzC5t9og-00752-00213564-00213806 equipped with the light cl-class
+JyCgzC5t9og-00753-00213807-00214080 two-seaters built by the Halberstadt and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00754-00214081-00214287 hanover firms that had proved so
+JyCgzC5t9og-00755-00214288-00214542 effective in the german counterattack in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00756-00214542-00214890 early october Battle of Cambrai the new
+JyCgzC5t9og-00757-00214891-00215144 German fighter aircraft notably the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00758-00215146-00215436 Fokker d7 that might have revived German
+JyCgzC5t9og-00759-00215437-00215703 air superiority in time for this battle
+JyCgzC5t9og-00760-00215704-00215904 had not however reached the Jagd
+JyCgzC5t9og-00761-00215905-00216111 stephane in sufficient numbers
+JyCgzC5t9og-00762-00216112-00216323 despite its own premiere on the Western
+JyCgzC5t9og-00763-00216325-00216708 Front in the mid spring of 1918 as with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00764-00216709-00216927 several offensives on both sides
+JyCgzC5t9og-00765-00216928-00217223 thorough planning and preparation led to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00766-00217225-00217482 initial success and in fact to deeper
+JyCgzC5t9og-00767-00217483-00217694 penetration than had been achieved by
+JyCgzC5t9og-00768-00217696-00218091 either side since 1914 many British
+JyCgzC5t9og-00769-00218092-00218313 airfields had to be abandoned to the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00770-00218314-00218535 advancing Germans in a new war of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00771-00218536-00218859 movement losses of aircraft and their
+JyCgzC5t9og-00772-00218860-00219092 crew were very heavy on both sides
+JyCgzC5t9og-00773-00219094-00219410 especially to light anti-aircraft fire
+JyCgzC5t9og-00774-00219411-00219684 however by the time of the death of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00775-00219685-00219942 Manfred von Richthofen the famed Red
+JyCgzC5t9og-00776-00219942-00220236 Baron on the 21st of April the great
+JyCgzC5t9og-00777-00220237-00220557 offensive had largely stalled the new
+JyCgzC5t9og-00778-00220558-00220788 German fighters had still not arrived
+JyCgzC5t9og-00779-00220789-00221028 and the British still held general air
+JyCgzC5t9og-00780-00221029-00221457 superiority the month of April 1918
+JyCgzC5t9og-00781-00221458-00221673 began with the consolidation of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00782-00221673-00221973 separate British RFC and RNAs air
+JyCgzC5t9og-00783-00221973-00222248 services into the Royal Air Force the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00784-00222250-00222438 first independent Air Arm not
+JyCgzC5t9og-00785-00222439-00222773 subordinate to its national army or Navy
+JyCgzC5t9og-00786-00222775-00223062 by the end of April the new fokker fowls
+JyCgzC5t9og-00787-00223063-00223334 and roland fighters had finally begun to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00788-00223335-00223569 replace the obsolescent equipment of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00789-00223569-00223817 Jagd Stefan but this did not proceed
+JyCgzC5t9og-00790-00223819-00224019 with as much dispatch as it might have
+JyCgzC5t9og-00791-00224019-00224250 due to increasing shortages of supplies
+JyCgzC5t9og-00792-00224251-00224541 on the side of the Central Powers and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00793-00224542-00224810 many of the jesters still flew Albatros
+JyCgzC5t9og-00794-00224811-00225150 d-types at the time of the Armistice the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00795-00225151-00225426 rotary engine Fokker d8 and Siemens
+JyCgzC5t9og-00796-00225427-00225734 shucker TIV as well as surviving Fokker
+JyCgzC5t9og-00797-00225735-00225942 triplane x' suffered from poor
+JyCgzC5t9og-00798-00225942-00226179 reliability and shortened engine life
+JyCgzC5t9og-00799-00226180-00226431 due to the Volt all based oil that was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00800-00226432-00226644 used to replace scarce castor oil
+JyCgzC5t9og-00801-00226644-00226898 captured and salvaged Allied aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00802-00226900-00227246 especially Sopwith camels were scrounged
+JyCgzC5t9og-00803-00227248-00227510 not only for engines and equipment but
+JyCgzC5t9og-00804-00227511-00227844 even for their lubricants nonetheless by
+JyCgzC5t9og-00805-00227844-00228144 September casualties in the RFC had
+JyCgzC5t9og-00806-00228144-00228402 reached the highest level since bloody
+JyCgzC5t9og-00807-00228403-00228687 April and the Allies were maintaining
+JyCgzC5t9og-00808-00228688-00228917 air superiority by weight of numbers
+JyCgzC5t9og-00809-00228919-00229408 rather than technical superiority 1918
+JyCgzC5t9og-00810-00229409-00229650 especially the second half of the year
+JyCgzC5t9og-00811-00229651-00229919 also saw the United States increasingly
+JyCgzC5t9og-00812-00229921-00230289 involved while American volunteers had
+JyCgzC5t9og-00813-00230290-00230510 been flying in allied squadrons
+JyCgzC5t9og-00814-00230511-00230723 since the early years of the war not
+JyCgzC5t9og-00815-00230725-00231054 until 1918 did all american squadrons
+JyCgzC5t9og-00816-00231055-00231398 begin active operations technically
+JyCgzC5t9og-00817-00231400-00231617 America had fallen well behind the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00818-00231619-00231896 European powers in aviation and no
+JyCgzC5t9og-00819-00231898-00232191 American design type saw action with the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00820-00232192-00232463 exception of the Curtiss flying boats at
+JyCgzC5t9og-00821-00232464-00232752 first the Americans were supplied with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00822-00232753-00233052 second-rate and obsolete aircraft such
+JyCgzC5t9og-00823-00233053-00233262 as the Sopwith one and a half Strutter
+JyCgzC5t9og-00824-00233263-00233517 door and are and sup with camel and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00825-00233517-00233766 inexperienced American airman stood
+JyCgzC5t9og-00826-00233767-00233948 little chance against they're seasoned
+JyCgzC5t9og-00827-00233950-00234303 opponents as numbers grew and equipment
+JyCgzC5t9og-00828-00234304-00234501 improved with the introduction of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00829-00234502-00234873 twin gun Newport 28 and later spad xiii
+JyCgzC5t9og-00830-00234873-00235239 as well as the se5a into american
+JyCgzC5t9og-00831-00235240-00235503 service near the war's end the americans
+JyCgzC5t9og-00832-00235504-00235689 came to hold their own in the air
+JyCgzC5t9og-00833-00235690-00235980 although casualties were heavy as indeed
+JyCgzC5t9og-00834-00235981-00236115 were those of the French
+JyCgzC5t9og-00835-00236116-00236340 British in the last desperate fighting
+JyCgzC5t9og-00836-00236341-00236640 of the war one of the French twin-seat
+JyCgzC5t9og-00837-00236641-00236906 reconnaissance aircraft used by both the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00838-00236907-00237189 French and the US AAS was the radial
+JyCgzC5t9og-00839-00237190-00237952 powered sampson 28.2
+JyCgzC5t9og-00840-00237953-00238489 topic impact
+JyCgzC5t9og-00841-00238490-00238773 by war's end the impact of aerial
+JyCgzC5t9og-00842-00238774-00238980 missions on the ground war was in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00843-00238981-00239266 retrospect mainly tactical strategic
+JyCgzC5t9og-00844-00239267-00239526 bombing in particular was still very
+JyCgzC5t9og-00845-00239527-00239866 rudimentary indeed this was partly due
+JyCgzC5t9og-00846-00239867-00240129 to its restricted funding and use as it
+JyCgzC5t9og-00847-00240130-00240490 was after all a new technology on the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00848-00240491-00240729 other hand the artillery which had
+JyCgzC5t9og-00849-00240730-00240921 perhaps the greatest effect of any
+JyCgzC5t9og-00850-00240923-00241198 military arm in this war was in very
+JyCgzC5t9og-00851-00241198-00241465 large part as devastating as it was due
+JyCgzC5t9og-00852-00241466-00241639 to the availability of aerial
+JyCgzC5t9og-00853-00241640-00241969 photography and aerial spotting by
+JyCgzC5t9og-00854-00241969-00242358 balloon and aircraft by 1917 whether bad
+JyCgzC5t9og-00855-00242359-00242617 enough to restrict flying was considered
+JyCgzC5t9og-00856-00242617-00242924 as good as putting the Gunners eyes out
+JyCgzC5t9og-00857-00242925-00243234 some such as then brigadier general
+JyCgzC5t9og-00858-00243235-00243498 Billy Mitchell commander of all American
+JyCgzC5t9og-00859-00243499-00243871 air combat units in France claimed t he
+JyCgzC5t9og-00860-00243871-00244141 only damaged that has come to Germany
+JyCgzC5t9og-00861-00244142-00244386 has been through the air
+JyCgzC5t9og-00862-00244387-00244686 mitchell was famously controversial in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00863-00244687-00244935 his view that the future of war was not
+JyCgzC5t9og-00864-00244936-00245194 on the ground or at sea but in the air
+JyCgzC5t9og-00865-00245196-00245487 during the course of the war german
+JyCgzC5t9og-00866-00245488-00245709 aircraft losses accounted to twenty
+JyCgzC5t9og-00867-00245710-00245925 seven thousand six hundred thirty-seven
+JyCgzC5t9og-00868-00245926-00246194 by all causes while anton losses
+JyCgzC5t9og-00869-00246196-00246411 numbered over eighty eight thousand six
+JyCgzC5t9og-00870-00246412-00246678 hundred thirteen lost fifty two thousand
+JyCgzC5t9og-00871-00246679-00246917 six hundred forty france and thirty five
+JyCgzC5t9og-00872-00246919-00247116 thousand nine hundred seventy three
+JyCgzC5t9og-00873-00247117-00247607 great britain
+JyCgzC5t9og-00874-00247608-00248246 topic anti-aircraft weaponry
+JyCgzC5t9og-00875-00248246-00248480 though aircraft still functioned as
+JyCgzC5t9og-00876-00248481-00248738 vehicles of observation increasingly
+JyCgzC5t9og-00877-00248739-00249040 they were used as a weapon in themselves
+JyCgzC5t9og-00878-00249041-00249331 dogfights erupted in the skies over the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00879-00249332-00249592 frontlines an aircraft went down in
+JyCgzC5t9og-00880-00249594-00249958 flames from this air-to-air combat the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00881-00249959-00250190 need grew for better aircraft and gun
+JyCgzC5t9og-00882-00250191-00250462 armament aside from machine guns
+JyCgzC5t9og-00883-00250463-00250778 air-to-air rockets were also used such
+JyCgzC5t9og-00884-00250779-00251005 as the Laprise rocket against balloons
+JyCgzC5t9og-00885-00251006-00251375 and airships recoilless rifles and auto
+JyCgzC5t9og-00886-00251376-00251615 cannons were also attempted but they
+JyCgzC5t9og-00887-00251616-00251864 pushed early fighters to unsafe limits
+JyCgzC5t9og-00888-00251865-00252109 while bringing negligible returns with
+JyCgzC5t9og-00889-00252110-00252298 the German Becker 20 millimetres
+JyCgzC5t9og-00890-00252300-00252517 autocannon being fitted to a few
+JyCgzC5t9og-00891-00252519-00252773 twin-engined luftstreitkräfte g-series
+JyCgzC5t9og-00892-00252773-00253048 medium bombers for offensive needs and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00893-00253050-00253288 at least one late war kaiserliche marine
+JyCgzC5t9og-00894-00253289-00253601 zeppelin for defense the uniquely armed
+JyCgzC5t9og-00895-00253602-00253919 spat s12 single-seat fighter carried one
+JyCgzC5t9og-00896-00253919-00254173 vickers machine gun and a special hand
+JyCgzC5t9og-00897-00254175-00254473 operated semi-automatic 37 millimeters
+JyCgzC5t9og-00898-00254475-00254696 gun firing through a hollow propeller
+JyCgzC5t9og-00899-00254696-00255031 shaft another innovation was air-to-air
+JyCgzC5t9og-00900-00255032-00255266 bombing if a fighter had been fortunate
+JyCgzC5t9og-00901-00255267-00255510 enough to climb higher than an airship
+JyCgzC5t9og-00902-00255511-00255821 the Rankine dart was designed just for
+JyCgzC5t9og-00903-00255821-00256139 this opportunity this need for
+JyCgzC5t9og-00904-00256140-00256306 improvement was not limited to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00905-00256307-00256679 air-to-air combat on the ground methods
+JyCgzC5t9og-00906-00256680-00256916 developed before the war were being used
+JyCgzC5t9og-00907-00256917-00257201 to deter enemy aircraft from observation
+JyCgzC5t9og-00908-00257202-00257501 and bombing anti-aircraft artillery
+JyCgzC5t9og-00909-00257502-00257714 rounds were fired into the air and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00910-00257715-00257927 exploded into clouds of smoke and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00911-00257928-00258160 fragmentation called Archy by the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00912-00258161-00258308 British
+JyCgzC5t9og-00913-00258309-00258596 anti-aircraft artillery defenses were
+JyCgzC5t9og-00914-00258597-00258848 increasingly used around observation
+JyCgzC5t9og-00915-00258849-00259103 balloons which became frequent targets
+JyCgzC5t9og-00916-00259104-00259334 of enemy fighters equipped with special
+JyCgzC5t9og-00917-00259335-00259679 incendiary bullets because balloons were
+JyCgzC5t9og-00918-00259680-00259955 so flammable due to the hydrogen used to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00919-00259956-00260177 inflate them observers were given
+JyCgzC5t9og-00920-00260178-00260412 parachutes enabling them to jump to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00921-00260413-00260817 safety ironically only a few aircrew had
+JyCgzC5t9og-00922-00260817-00261066 this option due in part to a mistaken
+JyCgzC5t9og-00923-00261067-00261312 belief they inhibited aggressiveness and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00924-00261313-00262017 in part to their significant weight
+JyCgzC5t9og-00925-00262019-00262305 topic first shooting down of an
+JyCgzC5t9og-00926-00262306-00262928 aeroplane by anti-aircraft artillery
+JyCgzC5t9og-00927-00262929-00263237 during a bombing raid over Kragujevac on
+JyCgzC5t9og-00928-00263238-00263606 the 30th of September 1915 private radio
+JyCgzC5t9og-00929-00263607-00263803 a Ludovic of the Serbian army
+JyCgzC5t9og-00930-00263804-00264047 successfully shot down one of the three
+JyCgzC5t9og-00931-00264048-00264371 aircraft Ludovic used a slightly
+JyCgzC5t9og-00932-00264372-00264647 modified Turkish cannon captured some
+JyCgzC5t9og-00933-00264648-00264941 years previously this was the first time
+JyCgzC5t9og-00934-00264942-00265199 that a military aeroplane was shot down
+JyCgzC5t9og-00935-00265200-00265454 with ground-to-air artillery fire and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00936-00265455-00265655 thus a crucial moment in anti-aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00937-00265656-00266279 warfare
+JyCgzC5t9og-00938-00266280-00266926 topic bombing and reconnaissance
+JyCgzC5t9og-00939-00266927-00267184 as the stalemate developed on the ground
+JyCgzC5t9og-00940-00267185-00267490 with both sides unable to advance even a
+JyCgzC5t9og-00941-00267491-00267730 few hundred yards without a major battle
+JyCgzC5t9og-00942-00267731-00267988 and thousands of casualties aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00943-00267989-00268213 became greatly valued for their role
+JyCgzC5t9og-00944-00268214-00268389 gathering intelligence on enemy
+JyCgzC5t9og-00945-00268390-00268621 positions and bombing the enemy's
+JyCgzC5t9og-00946-00268622-00268954 supplies behind the trench lines large
+JyCgzC5t9og-00947-00268955-00269164 aircraft with a pilot and an observer
+JyCgzC5t9og-00948-00269165-00269464 were used to scout enemy positions and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00949-00269465-00269755 bomb their supply bases because they
+JyCgzC5t9og-00950-00269756-00269881 were large and slow
+JyCgzC5t9og-00951-00269882-00270154 these aircraft made easy targets for
+JyCgzC5t9og-00952-00270155-00270514 enemy fighter aircraft as a result both
+JyCgzC5t9og-00953-00270515-00270766 sides used fighter aircraft to both
+JyCgzC5t9og-00954-00270767-00271021 attack the enemy's two-seat aircraft and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00955-00271022-00271216 protect their own while carrying out
+JyCgzC5t9og-00956-00271217-00271519 their missions while the two-seat
+JyCgzC5t9og-00957-00271520-00271759 bombers and reconnaissance aircraft were
+JyCgzC5t9og-00958-00271760-00271978 slow and vulnerable they were not
+JyCgzC5t9og-00959-00271979-00272338 defenseless to Cedars had the advantage
+JyCgzC5t9og-00960-00272339-00272685 of both forward and rearward firing guns
+JyCgzC5t9og-00961-00272686-00272968 typically the pilot controlled fixed
+JyCgzC5t9og-00962-00272969-00273214 guns behind the propeller similar to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00963-00273215-00273448 guns in a fighter aircraft while the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00964-00273449-00273676 observer controlled one with which he
+JyCgzC5t9og-00965-00273677-00273847 could cover the arc behind the aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00966-00273848-00274255 a tactic used by enemy fighter aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00967-00274256-00274522 to avoid fire from the rear gunner was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00968-00274523-00274738 to attack from slightly below the rear
+JyCgzC5t9og-00969-00274739-00274984 of two Cedars as the tail gunner was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00970-00274985-00275223 unable to fire below the aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-00971-00275224-00275527 however two Cedars could counter this
+JyCgzC5t9og-00972-00275528-00275776 tactic by going into a dive at high
+JyCgzC5t9og-00973-00275777-00276148 speeds pursuing a diving two-seater was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00974-00276149-00276379 hazardous for a fighter pilot as it
+JyCgzC5t9og-00975-00276380-00276589 would place the fighter directly in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-00976-00276590-00276841 rear Gunners line of fire several high
+JyCgzC5t9og-00977-00276842-00277063 scoring aces of the war were shut down
+JyCgzC5t9og-00978-00277064-00277480 by lowly two Cedars including Raoul
+JyCgzC5t9og-00979-00277481-00277726 Loughborough Berwyn bomb and Robert
+JyCgzC5t9og-00980-00277727-00278285 little
+JyCgzC5t9og-00981-00278286-00278884 topic strategic bombing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00982-00278885-00279109 the first aerial bombardment of
+JyCgzC5t9og-00983-00279110-00279365 civilians occurred during World War one
+JyCgzC5t9og-00984-00279366-00279526 in the opening weeks of the war
+JyCgzC5t9og-00985-00279527-00279799 Zeppelin's bombed Liege Antwerp and
+JyCgzC5t9og-00986-00279800-00280072 Warsaw and other cities including Paris
+JyCgzC5t9og-00987-00280073-00280441 and bücher astre targeted and in January
+JyCgzC5t9og-00988-00280442-00280712 1915 the Germans began a bombing
+JyCgzC5t9og-00989-00280713-00280951 campaign against England that was to
+JyCgzC5t9og-00990-00280952-00281328 last until 1918 initially using airships
+JyCgzC5t9og-00991-00281329-00281843 there were 19 raids in 1915 in which 37
+JyCgzC5t9og-00992-00281844-00282034 tons of bombs were dropped
+JyCgzC5t9og-00993-00282035-00282469 killing 181 people and injuring 455
+JyCgzC5t9og-00994-00282470-00282917 raids continued in 1916 London was
+JyCgzC5t9og-00995-00282918-00283180 accidentally bombed in May and in July
+JyCgzC5t9og-00996-00283181-00283405 the Kaiser allowed directed raids
+JyCgzC5t9og-00997-00283406-00283750 against urban centres there were 23
+JyCgzC5t9og-00998-00283751-00284224 airship raids in 1916 in which 125 tons
+JyCgzC5t9og-00999-00284225-00284380 of ordnance were dropped
+JyCgzC5t9og-01000-00284381-00284880 killing 293 people and injuring 691
+JyCgzC5t9og-01001-00284881-00285175 gradually British air defenses improved
+JyCgzC5t9og-01002-00285176-00285601 in 1917 and 1918 there were only 11
+JyCgzC5t9og-01003-00285602-00285874 Zeppelin raids against England and the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01004-00285875-00286122 final raid occurred on the 5th of August
+JyCgzC5t9og-01005-00286123-00286412 1918 resulting in the death of Peter
+JyCgzC5t9og-01006-00286413-00286651 Strasser commander of the German naval
+JyCgzC5t9og-01007-00286652-00287008 airship department by the end of the war
+JyCgzC5t9og-01008-00287009-00287323 54 airship raids had been undertaken in
+JyCgzC5t9og-01009-00287324-00287854 which 557 people were killed and 1350
+JyCgzC5t9og-01010-00287855-00288205 eight injured of the 80 airships used by
+JyCgzC5t9og-01011-00288206-00288515 the Germans in World War one 34 were
+JyCgzC5t9og-01012-00288516-00288805 shot down and further 33 were destroyed
+JyCgzC5t9og-01013-00288806-00289268 by accidents 389 crewmen died the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01014-00289269-00289483 Zeppelin raids were complemented by the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01015-00289484-00289846 Gotha G bombers from 1917 which were the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01016-00289847-00290050 first heavier than air bombers to be
+JyCgzC5t9og-01017-00290051-00290275 used for strategic bombing and by a
+JyCgzC5t9og-01018-00290276-00290577 small force of 5 Zeppelin stackin RV
+JyCgzC5t9og-01019-00290578-00290926 giant four-engine bombers from late
+JyCgzC5t9og-01020-00290927-00291384 September 1917 through to mid May 1918
+JyCgzC5t9og-01021-00291385-00291718 24 Gotha twin-engine bombers were shot
+JyCgzC5t9og-01022-00291719-00291968 down on the raids over England with no
+JyCgzC5t9og-01023-00291969-00292258 losses for the Zeppelin stackin giant
+JyCgzC5t9og-01024-00292259-00292600 further 37 Gotha bombers crashed in
+JyCgzC5t9og-01025-00292601-00292942 accidents they dropped 73 tons of bombs
+JyCgzC5t9og-01026-00292943-00293509 killing 857 people and wounding 2058 it
+JyCgzC5t9og-01027-00293510-00293716 has been argued that the raids were
+JyCgzC5t9og-01028-00293717-00293995 effective far beyond material damage in
+JyCgzC5t9og-01029-00293996-00294172 diverting and hampering wartime
+JyCgzC5t9og-01030-00294173-00294433 production and diverting 12 squadrons
+JyCgzC5t9og-01031-00294434-00294828 and over 17,000 men to air defenses
+JyCgzC5t9og-01032-00294829-00295078 calculations performed on the number of
+JyCgzC5t9og-01033-00295079-00295309 dead to the weight of bombs dropped had
+JyCgzC5t9og-01034-00295310-00295537 a profound effect on attitudes of the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01035-00295538-00295780 British government and population in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01036-00295781-00296053 interwar years who believed that the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01037-00296054-00296789 bomber will always get through
+JyCgzC5t9og-01038-00296790-00297421 topic observation balloons
+JyCgzC5t9og-01039-00297422-00297718 mand observation balloons floating high
+JyCgzC5t9og-01040-00297719-00297913 above the trenches were used as
+JyCgzC5t9og-01041-00297914-00298147 stationary reconnaissance points on the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01042-00298148-00298366 front lines reporting enemy troop
+JyCgzC5t9og-01043-00298367-00298665 positions and directing artillery fire
+JyCgzC5t9og-01044-00298666-00298957 balloons commonly had a crew of two
+JyCgzC5t9og-01045-00298958-00299194 equipped with parachutes upon an enemy
+JyCgzC5t9og-01046-00299195-00299467 air attack on the flammable balloon the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01047-00299468-00299706 crew would parachute to safety
+JyCgzC5t9og-01048-00299707-00299968 recognized for their value as observer
+JyCgzC5t9og-01049-00299969-00300241 platforms observation balloons were
+JyCgzC5t9og-01050-00300242-00300589 important targets of enemy aircraft to
+JyCgzC5t9og-01051-00300590-00300787 defend against air attack they were
+JyCgzC5t9og-01052-00300788-00300966 heavily protected by large
+JyCgzC5t9og-01053-00300967-00301246 concentrations of anti-aircraft guns and
+JyCgzC5t9og-01054-00301247-00301582 patrolled by friendly aircraft blimps
+JyCgzC5t9og-01055-00301583-00301798 and balloons helped contribute to the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01056-00301799-00301999 stalemate of the trench warfare of World
+JyCgzC5t9og-01057-00302000-00302254 War one and contributed to air-to-air
+JyCgzC5t9og-01058-00302255-00302557 combat for air superiority because of
+JyCgzC5t9og-01059-00302558-00302814 their significant reconnaissance value
+JyCgzC5t9og-01060-00302815-00303133 to encourage pilots to attack enemy
+JyCgzC5t9og-01061-00303134-00303397 balloons both sides counted downing an
+JyCgzC5t9og-01062-00303398-00303772 enemy balloon as an air-to-air kill with
+JyCgzC5t9og-01063-00303773-00304000 the same value as shooting down an enemy
+JyCgzC5t9og-01064-00304001-00304366 aircraft some pilots known as balloon
+JyCgzC5t9og-01065-00304367-00304576 Busters became particularly
+JyCgzC5t9og-01066-00304577-00304756 distinguished by their prowess at
+JyCgzC5t9og-01067-00304757-00305082 shooting down enemy balloons the premier
+JyCgzC5t9og-01068-00305083-00305431 balloon busting ace was Willy Coppins 35
+JyCgzC5t9og-01069-00305432-00306269 of his 37 victories were enemy balloons
+JyCgzC5t9og-01070-00306270-00306841 topic leading aces
+JyCgzC5t9og-01071-00306842-00307156 as Pioneer aviators invented air-to-air
+JyCgzC5t9og-01072-00307157-00307441 combat the contending sides developed
+JyCgzC5t9og-01073-00307442-00307651 various methods of tracking aerial
+JyCgzC5t9og-01074-00307652-00308011 casualties and victories aviators with
+JyCgzC5t9og-01075-00308012-00308272 five or more aerial victories confirmed
+JyCgzC5t9og-01076-00308273-00308499 by their parent air service were dubbed
+JyCgzC5t9og-01077-00308500-00308881 aces their numbers would Bergeon until
+JyCgzC5t9og-01078-00308882-00309300 by war's end there were over 1,800 aces
+JyCgzC5t9og-01079-00309301-00309589 the following aces scored the most
+JyCgzC5t9og-01080-00309590-00309775 victories for their respective air
+JyCgzC5t9og-01081-00309776-00310380 services
+JyCgzC5t9og-01082-00310381-00310866 topic pioneers of aerial warfare
+JyCgzC5t9og-01083-00310867-00311066 you
+JyCgzC5t9og-01084-00311067-00311354 the following aviators were the first to
+JyCgzC5t9og-01085-00311355-00311546 reach important milestones in the
+JyCgzC5t9og-01086-00311547-00311777 development of aerial combat during
+JyCgzC5t9og-01087-00311778-00312308 World War one
+JyCgzC5t9og-01088-00312309-00312852 topic aircraft
+JyCgzC5t9og-01089-00312853-00313299 aircraft of the Anton powers aircraft of
+JyCgzC5t9og-01090-00313300-00313847 the Central Powers
+JyCgzC5t9og-01091-00313848-00314406 topic see also
+JyCgzC5t9og-01092-00314407-00314813 Biggles a fictional world war 1 aviator
+JyCgzC5t9og-01093-00314814-00315350 dogfight flying a section World War 1
+JyCgzC5t9og-01094-00315351-00315780 history of aviation list of American
+JyCgzC5t9og-01095-00315781-00316164 Aero squadrons list of Royal Air Force
+JyCgzC5t9og-01096-00316165-00316554 aircraft squadrons list of Royal Flying
+JyCgzC5t9og-01097-00316555-00316959 Corps squadrons lists of World War one
+JyCgzC5t9og-01098-00316960-00317520 flying aces equals equals notes
+JzUz91cfdg0-00000-00001338-00002387 [Music]
+JzUz91cfdg0-00001-00002388-00003058 it's all
+JzUz91cfdg0-00002-00003059-00004552 [Music]
+JzUz91cfdg0-00003-00004553-00006588 [Music]
+JzUz91cfdg0-00004-00006589-00007630 [Music]
+JzUz91cfdg0-00005-00007631-00008606 Oh
+JzUz91cfdg0-00006-00008607-00011000 [Music]
+JzUz91cfdg0-00007-00011001-00012477 [Music]
+JzUz91cfdg0-00008-00012478-00012874 is even more fun than going to Sun
+JzUz91cfdg0-00009-00012875-00013180 Sebastia they run and I be erect fear or
+JzUz91cfdg0-00010-00013181-00013375 now being sick to my stomach on the
+JzUz91cfdg0-00011-00013376-00013752 Traverse cetera de Gracia in Barcelona
+JzUz91cfdg0-00012-00013753-00013947 apparently because in that orange shirt
+JzUz91cfdg0-00013-00013949-00014097 you look like it better happier setting
+JzUz91cfdg0-00014-00014099-00014329 Sebastien partly because if I look for
+JzUz91cfdg0-00015-00014330-00014488 you partly because you look for yoghurt
+JzUz91cfdg0-00016-00014488-00014731 partly because of the fluorescent orange
+JzUz91cfdg0-00017-00014732-00014965 tulips around the birches partly because
+JzUz91cfdg0-00018-00014966-00015196 of the secrecy our smiles take on before
+JzUz91cfdg0-00019-00015197-00015577 people and statuary it is hard to
+JzUz91cfdg0-00020-00015578-00015685 believe when I'm with you that there
+JzUz91cfdg0-00021-00015686-00015880 could be anything is still is solid
+JzUz91cfdg0-00022-00015881-00016065 there's a pleasantly definitive is
+JzUz91cfdg0-00023-00016066-00016369 statuary when right in front of it in
+JzUz91cfdg0-00024-00016369-00016567 the warm New York four o'clock light we
+JzUz91cfdg0-00025-00016568-00016885 are drifting back and forth between each
+JzUz91cfdg0-00026-00016886-00017146 other like a tree breathing through its
+JzUz91cfdg0-00027-00017147-00017419 spectacles and the portrait sure seems
+JzUz91cfdg0-00028-00017420-00017682 to have no faces in it at all just pay
+JzUz91cfdg0-00029-00017683-00017881 you something wonder why in the world
+JzUz91cfdg0-00030-00017882-00018210 anyone ever did them well look at you
+JzUz91cfdg0-00031-00018211-00018544 now rather look at you than all of the
+JzUz91cfdg0-00032-00018545-00018985 portraits in the world except possibly
+JzUz91cfdg0-00033-00018986-00019177 for the Polish Roger occasionally and
+JzUz91cfdg0-00034-00019178-00019297 then you eggs in the Frick which thank
+JzUz91cfdg0-00035-00019298-00019497 heavens you have gone to yet so we can
+JzUz91cfdg0-00036-00019498-00019614 go together
+JzUz91cfdg0-00037-00019615-00019810 and the fact that you move so
+JzUz91cfdg0-00038-00019811-00019999 beautifully more or less takes care of
+JzUz91cfdg0-00039-00020000-00020269 futurism just to form I never think of a
+JzUz91cfdg0-00040-00020270-00020527 new descending a staircase so better
+JzUz91cfdg0-00041-00020528-00020713 rehearsal a single drawing of Leonardo
+JzUz91cfdg0-00042-00020714-00020929 Michelangelo that used to one we in
+JzUz91cfdg0-00043-00020930-00021151 anyway what good does the research of
+JzUz91cfdg0-00044-00021152-00021325 the Impressionists do them when they
+JzUz91cfdg0-00045-00021326-00021451 didn't get the right person to stand
+JzUz91cfdg0-00046-00021452-00021661 near that tree when the Sun sank or for
+JzUz91cfdg0-00047-00021662-00021883 that matter Marino Marini but he did
+JzUz91cfdg0-00048-00021884-00022144 think the rider is careful easily ass
+JzUz91cfdg0-00049-00022145-00022396 it seems they would cheat to do some
+JzUz91cfdg0-00050-00022397-00022627 marvelous experience which is not going
+JzUz91cfdg0-00051-00022628-00022771 to go wasted on me which is why I'm
+JzUz91cfdg0-00052-00022772-00022914 telling you
+JzUz91cfdg0-00054-00027213-00028607 [Music]
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+JzUz91cfdg0-00061-00037420-00038155 Oh
+JzUz91cfdg0-00062-00038156-00038481 [Music]
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00000-00000398-00001512 [Music]
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00001-00001513-00001914 thank you
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00002-00001916-00002423 [Music]
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00003-00002424-00002744 baby
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00005-00006888-00006967 foreign
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00006-00006968-00008513 [Music]
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00007-00008514-00008741 ers
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+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00009-00010715-00011014 foreign
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+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00012-00014307-00015043 [Music]
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00013-00015044-00015227 right now
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00014-00015228-00017758 [Music]
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00015-00017759-00017805 foreign
+J-l6Y4nqP5A-00017-00021636-00021801 foreign
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+J-I_7RpJHjA-00009-00009896-00010039 well after
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00010-00010040-00010278 two years of
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00011-00010279-00010703 being only online events so finally
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00012-00010704-00010959 we are able to come here in person to
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00013-00010960-00011046 see
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00014-00011047-00011255 all of them perform so
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00015-00011256-00011551 i'm excited and i'm looking forward to
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00016-00011552-00011774 hear them perform and see all the
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00017-00011775-00011887 performance
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00018-00011888-00012167 so i hope uh not only this year but many
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00019-00012168-00012455 years more to come they continue to
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00020-00012456-00012599 develop
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00021-00012600-00012855 the people on a good culture and
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00022-00012856-00013075 all of all of their related stuff so i
+J-I_7RpJHjA-00023-00013076-00013465 look forward
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+JEGCmTIOfeo-00000-00000054-00000327 casuistry is a process of reasoning that
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00001-00000328-00000533 seeks to resolve moral problems by
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00002-00000534-00000746 extracting or extending theoretical
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00003-00000747-00000920 rules from a particular case and
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00004-00000921-00001128 reapplying those rules to new instances
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00005-00001129-00001427 this method occurs in applied ethics and
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00006-00001428-00001682 jurisprudence the term is also commonly
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00007-00001684-00001896 used as a pejorative to criticize the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00008-00001897-00002097 use of clever but unsound reasoning
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00009-00002098-00002283 especially in relation to moral
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00010-00002284-00002499 questions as in sophistry casuistry
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00011-00002500-00002708 describes either a form of reasoning
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00012-00002709-00002885 that is presumed to be acceptable or a
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00013-00002886-00003068 form of reasoning that is inherently
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00014-00003069-00003347 unsound and deceptive the oxford english
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00015-00003349-00003708 dictionary says that the word oft en and
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00016-00003709-00003909 perhaps originally applied to a
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00017-00003910-00004134 quibbling or evasive way of dealing with
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00018-00004135-00004494 difficult cases of duty its textual
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00019-00004495-00004692 references except for certain technical
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00020-00004693-00004974 usages are consistently pejorative eg
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00021-00004975-00005280 casuistry destroys by distinctions and
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00022-00005281-00005553 exceptions all morality and effaces the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00023-00005554-00005730 essential difference between right and
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00024-00005731-00006060 wrong the word casuistry derives from
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00025-00006061-00006969 the latin noun cases case or occurrence
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00026-00006970-00007505 topic examples
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00027-00007506-00007730 while a principle based approach might
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00028-00007731-00007955 claim that lying is always morally wrong
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00029-00007956-00008146 the casuist would argue that depending
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00030-00008147-00008356 upon the details of the case lying might
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00031-00008357-00008630 or might not be illegal or unethical the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00032-00008631-00008837 casuist might conclude that a person is
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00033-00008838-00009023 wrong to lie in legal testimony under
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00034-00009024-00009248 oath but might argue that lying actually
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00035-00009249-00009424 is the best moral choice if the lie
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00036-00009425-00009649 saves a life Tomas Sanchez and others
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00037-00009650-00009833 thus theorized a doctrine of mental
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00038-00009834-00010031 reservation which developed into its own
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00039-00010032-00010264 branch of casuistry for the casuist the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00040-00010265-00010469 circumstances of a case are essential
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00041-00010470-00010705 for evaluating the proper response
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00042-00010706-00010982 typically casuistic reasoning begins
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00043-00010983-00011198 with a clear-cut paradigm attic case in
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00044-00011199-00011446 legal reasoning for example this might
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00045-00011447-00011687 be a precedent case such as premeditated
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00046-00011688-00011957 murder from it the casuist would ask how
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00047-00011958-00012146 closely the given case currently under
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00048-00012147-00012362 consideration matches the paradigm attic
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00049-00012363-00012655 case cases like the paradigm attic case
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00050-00012656-00012860 ought to be treated likewise cases
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00051-00012861-00013024 unlike the paradigm ought to be treated
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00052-00013025-00013316 differently thus a man is properly
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00053-00013316-00013519 charged with premeditated murder if the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00054-00013520-00013697 circumstances surrounding his case
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00055-00013697-00013868 closely resembled the exemplary
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00056-00013869-00014134 premeditated murder case the lesser
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00057-00014135-00014363 given cases like the paradigm the weaker
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00058-00014363-00014540 the justification is for treating that
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00059-00014541-00015222 case like the paradigm attic case
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00060-00015224-00015732 topic meanings
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00061-00015733-00015996 casuistry is a method of case reasoning
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00062-00015997-00016212 especially useful in treating cases that
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00063-00016213-00016497 involve moral dilemmas it is a branch of
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00064-00016498-00016587 applied ethics
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00065-00016588-00016800 it is also criticized for the use of
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00066-00016801-00017069 inconsistent or outright specious
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00067-00017070-00017778 application of rule to instance
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00068-00017779-00018303 topic morality
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00069-00018304-00018588 casuistry takes a relentlessly practical
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00070-00018589-00018819 approach to morality rather than using
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00071-00018820-00019031 theories as starting points casuistry
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00072-00019032-00019341 begins with an examination of cases by
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00073-00019342-00019560 drawing parallels between paradigms or
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00074-00019561-00019875 so-called pure cases and the case at
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00075-00019876-00020088 hand a casuist tries to determine a
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00076-00020089-00021021 moral responsible oh one of the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00077-00021022-00021216 strengths of casuistry is that it does
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00078-00021217-00021425 not begin with nor does it overemphasize
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00079-00021426-00021699 theoretical issues it does not require
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00080-00021700-00021914 practitioners to agree about ethical
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00081-00021915-00022125 theories or evaluations before making
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00082-00022126-00022380 policy instead they can agree that
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00083-00022381-00022586 certain paradigms should be treated in
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00084-00022587-00022755 certain ways and then agree on the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00085-00022756-00022941 similarities the so-called warrants
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00086-00022942-00023164 between a paradigm in the case at hand
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00087-00023165-00023433 since most people and most cultures
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00088-00023434-00023636 substantially agree about most pure
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00089-00023637-00023877 ethical situations casuistry often
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00090-00023878-00024044 creates ethical arguments that can
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00091-00024045-00024225 persuade people of different ethnic
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00092-00024226-00024444 religious and philosophical beliefs to
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00093-00024445-00024653 treat particular cases in the same ways
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00094-00024654-00024944 for this reason casuistry is widely
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00095-00024945-00025097 considered to be the basis for the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00096-00025098-00025367 English common law and its derivatives
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00097-00025368-00025643 casuistry is prone to abuses wherever
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00098-00025644-00026367 the analogies between cases are false
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00099-00026368-00026877 topic history
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00100-00026877-00027263 casuistry dates from aristotle 384 to
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00101-00027264-00027608 322 BC yet the zenith of casuistry was
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00102-00027610-00027942 from 1550 to 1650 when the Society of
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00103-00027943-00028114 Jesus used case based reasoning
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00104-00028116-00028299 particularly in administering the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00105-00028300-00028626 Sacrament of Penance or confession the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00106-00028627-00028872 term casuistry quickly became pejorative
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00107-00028873-00029049 with Blaise Pascal's attack on the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00108-00029050-00029307 misuse of casuistry in provincial
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00109-00029308-00029622 letters 1650 six to seven he scolded the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00110-00029623-00029835 Jesuits for using casuistic reasoning
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00111-00029836-00030027 and confession to placate wealthy church
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00112-00030027-00030251 donors while punishing poor penitence
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00113-00030252-00030486 Pascal charged that aristocratic
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00114-00030487-00030687 penitence could confess their sins one
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00115-00030688-00030870 day recommit thus in the next day
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00116-00030870-00031098 generously donate the following day then
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00117-00031099-00031281 returned to wreak infest their sins and
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00118-00031282-00031452 only receive the lightest punishment
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00119-00031452-00031670 Pascal's criticisms darkened casuist
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00120-00031672-00031947 Ruiz reputation it was not until
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00121-00031948-00032187 publication of the abuse of casuistry a
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00122-00032188-00032454 history of moral reasoning 1988 by
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00123-00032455-00032664 Albert Johnson and Stephen Toulmin that
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00124-00032664-00032931 a revival of casuistry occurred they
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00125-00032932-00033153 argue that the abuse of casuistry is the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00126-00033154-00033414 problem not casuistry per se itself an
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00127-00033415-00033717 example of casuistic reasoning properly
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00128-00033718-00033939 used casuistry as powerful reasoning
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00129-00033940-00034209 Johnson and Toolman offer casuistry in
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00130-00034210-00034395 dissolving the contradictory tenets of
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00131-00034396-00034626 moral absolutism and the common secular
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00132-00034627-00034869 moral relativism the form of reasoning
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00133-00034870-00035139 constitutive of classical casuistry as
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00134-00035140-00035421 rhetorical reasoning moreover the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00135-00035422-00035643 ethical philosophies of utilitarianism
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00136-00035644-00035895 especially preference utilitarianism and
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00137-00035896-00036123 pragmatism commonly are identified as
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00138-00036124-00036822 greatly employing casuistic reasoning
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00139-00036823-00037404 topic early modern times
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00140-00037405-00037649 the kazoo istic method was popular among
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00141-00037650-00037848 Catholic thinkers in the early modern
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00142-00037849-00038067 period and not only among the Jesuits as
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00143-00038068-00038343 it is commonly thought famous casuistic
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00144-00038344-00038618 authors include Antonio Escobar Y
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00145-00038619-00038918 Mendoza whose Samila costume conscientia
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00146-00038919-00039168 1627 enjoyed a great success
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00147-00039169-00039471 Tomas Sanchez vincenzo Falacci Jesuit
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00148-00039472-00039642 and penitentiary at Saint Peter's
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00149-00039643-00039902 Antonino Diana Paul layman theologian
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00150-00039903-00040262 Morales 1625 John azor institution's
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00151-00040263-00040599 Morales 1680 and Bonnie Lewis sell it
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00152-00040600-00040821 Valerius Reginald s Herrmann boozing
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00153-00040822-00041258 bomb D 1668 etc one of the main theses
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00154-00041259-00041480 of casuist was the necessity to adapt
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00155-00041481-00041658 the rigorous morals of the early fathers
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00156-00041659-00041895 of Christianity to modern morals which
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00157-00041896-00042114 led in some extreme cases to justify
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00158-00042115-00042377 what innocent xi later called Laxus
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00159-00042378-00042740 moral ie justification of usury homicide
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00160-00042741-00042960 regicide lying through mental
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00161-00042961-00043205 reservation adultery and loss of
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00162-00043206-00043499 virginity before marriage etc all due
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00163-00043500-00043710 cases registered by Pascal in the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00164-00043711-00043986 provincial letters the progress of
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00165-00043987-00044180 casuistry was interrupted toward the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00166-00044181-00044361 middle of the 17th century by the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00167-00044362-00044562 controversy which arose concerning the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00168-00044563-00044718 doctrine of probable ISM which
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00169-00044719-00044877 stipulated that one could choose to
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00170-00044878-00045146 follow a probable opinion that is
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00171-00045147-00045342 supported by a theologian or another
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00172-00045343-00045539 even if it contradicted a more probable
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00173-00045540-00045762 opinion or a quotation from one of the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00174-00045763-00046020 fathers of the church the controversy
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00175-00046021-00046242 divided Catholic theologians into two
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00176-00046243-00046477 camps rigorous --ts and lack cysts
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00177-00046478-00046712 certain kinds of casuistry were
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00178-00046713-00046893 criticized by early Protestant
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00179-00046894-00047093 theologians because it was used in order
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00180-00047094-00047310 to justify many of the abuses that they
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00181-00047311-00047543 sought to reform it was famously
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00182-00047544-00047739 attacked by the Catholic and Jansenist
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00183-00047740-00047976 philosopher pascal during the formulary
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00184-00047977-00048204 controversy against the Jesuits in his
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00185-00048205-00048360 provincial letters as the use of
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00186-00048361-00048585 rhetorics to justify moral laxity which
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00187-00048586-00048780 became identified by the public with
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00188-00048781-00048989 Jesuit ISM hence the everyday use of the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00189-00048990-00049248 term to mean complex and sophistic to
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00190-00049249-00049545 justify moral laxity by the mid 18th
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00191-00049546-00049887 century casuistry had become a synonym
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00192-00049888-00050087 for specious moral reasoning however
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00193-00050088-00050288 Puritans were well known for their own
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00194-00050289-00050714 development of casuistry in 1679 Pope
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00195-00050715-00050793 Innocent the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00196-00050794-00051042 Levin publicly condemned 65 of the more
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00197-00051043-00051282 radical propositions strictiy mentalis
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00198-00051283-00051455 taken chiefly from the writings of
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00199-00051457-00051699 Escobar Suarez and other casuist saz
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00200-00051700-00051917 propositions laxer immoralist Arum and
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00201-00051919-00052074 forbade anyone to teach them under
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00202-00052075-00052238 penalty of excommunication
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00203-00052239-00052491 despite this papal condemnation both
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00204-00052491-00052728 Catholicism and Protestantism permit the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00205-00052729-00052904 use of ambiguous and equivocal
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00206-00052905-00053623 statements in specific circumstances
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00207-00053624-00054172 topic modern times
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00208-00054173-00054462 ge more dealt with casuistry in Chapter
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00209-00054463-00054681 one point four of his Principia Ithaca
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00210-00054682-00054918 in which he claims that the defects of
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00211-00054919-00055182 casuistry are not defects of principle
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00212-00055183-00055428 no objection can be taken to its aim and
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00213-00055429-00055728 object it has failed only because it is
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00214-00055729-00055941 far too difficult a subject to be
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00215-00055942-00056163 treated adequately in our present state
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00216-00056164-00056481 of knowledge furthermore he asserted
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00217-00056482-00056748 that casuistry is the goal of ethical
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00218-00056749-00057006 investigation it cannot be safely
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00219-00057007-00057172 attempted at the beginning of our
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00220-00057173-00057492 studies but only at the end since the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00221-00057493-00057756 1960's applied ethics has revived the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00222-00057757-00057993 ideas of casuistry in applying ethical
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00223-00057994-00058191 reasoning to particular cases in law
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00224-00058192-00058428 bioethics and business ethics so the
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00225-00058429-00058626 reputation of casuistry is somewhat
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00226-00058627-00058996 rehabilitated Pope Francis a Jesuit has
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00227-00058997-00059205 criticized the practice of setting
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00228-00059206-00059472 general laws on the basis of exceptional
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00229-00059473-00060192 cases as casuistry
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00230-00060194-00060727 topic C also
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00231-00060728-00061195 applied ethics case based reasoning case
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00232-00061196-00061554 based evidence consequentialism
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00233-00061554-00061891 dispensation Catholic Church list of
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00234-00061891-00062325 thought processes Kias rhetoric
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00235-00062326-00062736 rhetorical reason school of Salamanca
+JEGCmTIOfeo-00236-00062737-00063076 situation ethics
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00000-00000014-00000118 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00001-00000119-00000447 happy monday
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00002-00000448-00000703 we're here to get miraculous unite and
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00003-00000704-00000805 be one
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00004-00000806-00000991 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00005-00000992-00001503 the reason for the material world
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00006-00001504-00001873 is for us to groove and unite
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00007-00001875-00002175 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00008-00002176-00002518 create a world everybody lives in peace
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00009-00002519-00002767 and loves what they do every day we get
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00010-00002768-00002987 to groove
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00011-00002988-00003454 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00012-00003455-00003767 enjoy it love it
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00013-00003768-00004471 you all
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00014-00004472-00006247 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00015-00006248-00006759 just groovin our purpose for being here
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00016-00006759-00006861 our reason
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00017-00006862-00007110 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00018-00007111-00008802 for being one of 10 billion people
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00019-00008803-00010774 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00020-00010775-00011110 the foundation
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00021-00011111-00011455 for the human song
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00022-00011456-00011703 everybody's singing everybody's in the
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00023-00011704-00011851 band
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00024-00011852-00012095 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00025-00012096-00012406 so groove along
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00026-00012407-00012650 and contribute your groove energy
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00027-00012651-00012774 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00028-00012775-00013021 to the global community drum circle
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00029-00013022-00013207 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00030-00013208-00013679 enjoy it find your chops
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00031-00013680-00015483 create your song
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00032-00015484-00015597 hmm
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00033-00015599-00016975 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00034-00016976-00018422 there's still one no judging it's the
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00035-00018423-00018527 one
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00036-00018528-00018943 the room for your song sing it out
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00037-00018944-00019422 surrender to it everybody on the globe
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00038-00019423-00019965 groovin as one
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00039-00019966-00020207 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00040-00020208-00021266 nothing better
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00041-00021267-00021919 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00042-00021920-00022463 just grooving feeling good
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00043-00022464-00022775 singing your song
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00044-00022776-00022853 the whole world
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00045-00022854-00023663 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00046-00023664-00023886 whatever you're chomping on feel good
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00047-00023887-00024293 release to it
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00048-00024294-00025447 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00049-00025448-00027095 our purpose our fun
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00050-00027095-00027380 save humanity and groove
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00051-00027381-00027511 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00052-00027512-00028079 nothing more organic instinctual
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00053-00028080-00028561 or fun
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00054-00028562-00031089 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00055-00031089-00032283 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00056-00032283-00032607 so
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00057-00032608-00033683 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00058-00033684-00034823 ah
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00059-00034824-00035186 be one be happy
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00060-00035187-00035767 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00061-00035768-00036062 create the world that we want to live in
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00062-00036063-00036295 for everybody's peace
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00063-00036296-00036823 and grooming and happy
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00064-00036824-00037118 we can make it happen we know it needs
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00065-00037119-00037189 to happen
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00066-00037190-00037415 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00067-00037416-00038135 spread the word
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00068-00038136-00038279 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00069-00038280-00038590 everybody you know needs you subscribe
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00070-00038591-00038830 on youtube
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00071-00038831-00039504 if we get there
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00072-00039505-00040751 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00073-00040752-00041111 disgruntled
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00074-00041112-00041430 uniting humanity
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00075-00041431-00042184 and proliferating the people
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00076-00042185-00042811 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00077-00042812-00043483 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00078-00043484-00043610 so
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00079-00043611-00044883 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00080-00044884-00045025 uh
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00081-00045026-00047415 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00082-00047416-00047774 whole world at peace
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00083-00047775-00048071 and enjoying every day that's the world
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00084-00048072-00048300 we live in
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00085-00048301-00048615 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00086-00048616-00049279 everybody happy everybody grooving
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00087-00049280-00049686 believe in music
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00088-00049687-00050086 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00089-00050087-00050314 the power music
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00090-00050315-00050495 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00091-00050496-00050846 will evolve us because everybody's happy
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00092-00050847-00051882 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00093-00051883-00052119 daily
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00094-00052120-00052535 virtually grooving around the world
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00095-00052536-00052919 this is a miracle we're here to create
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00096-00052920-00053466 it's our purpose for living
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00097-00053467-00053903 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00098-00053904-00054254 so i thank you for grooving along
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00099-00054255-00054471 and for sharing and liking and getting
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00100-00054472-00054787 the whole planet to groove
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00101-00054788-00056082 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00102-00056083-00056354 you come back and like it
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00103-00056354-00056479 [Music]
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00104-00056479-00056975 share it be one
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00105-00056976-00057482 and we will save the planet and the
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00106-00057483-00057615 people
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00107-00057616-00058030 so i say goodbye and see them all out
+JGU8yS9tz6Q-00108-00058032-00058520 and you're grooving keep it up
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00000-00000208-00000375 my name is justin luke riley i'm a young
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00001-00000376-00000551 person in long-term recovery and for me
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00002-00000552-00000678 that means that i'm an asset to my
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00003-00000679-00000894 community i'm a better husband and a
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00004-00000896-00001103 better son that also means that i
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00005-00001104-00001231 haven't used drugs and alcohol since
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00006-00001232-00001663 2007.
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00007-00001664-00001823 in the beginning of my alcohol and drug
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00008-00001823-00001975 use alcohol did for me what i couldn't
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00009-00001976-00002175 do for myself i i felt better about
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00010-00002176-00002375 myself i could talk in front of people i
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00011-00002376-00002575 could go to school and be okay but
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00012-00002576-00002695 eventually
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00013-00002696-00002871 alcohol and drugs took everything from
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00014-00002872-00002966 my life
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00015-00002967-00003247 my happiness my family the few friends
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00016-00003247-00003390 that i had to my name
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00017-00003392-00003575 it just took everything from me before i
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00018-00003576-00003767 found recovery i could have been in a
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00019-00003768-00004047 room full of people and felt alone
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00020-00004047-00004286 and scared and hopeless i didn't like
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00021-00004287-00004438 the way it looked i didn't like the way
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00022-00004439-00004638 it sounded i just didn't like who i was
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00023-00004639-00004902 when i was 19 years old i attended my
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00024-00004903-00005095 seventh treatment program
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00025-00005096-00005311 and finally finally after all those
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00026-00005312-00005399 years
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00027-00005400-00005559 and different kinds of meetings that i
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00028-00005560-00005806 had gone to and met with a lot of great
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00029-00005807-00006015 people something finally clicked
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00030-00006016-00006159 and for me that was learning that i
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00031-00006160-00006334 could contribute to life
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00032-00006335-00006527 that even in my circumstance i had
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00033-00006528-00006687 something that i could give to someone
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00034-00006688-00006903 else i heard a message that i'd never
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00035-00006904-00007127 heard before i heard people use words
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00036-00007128-00007359 like helping out god's kids
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00037-00007359-00007575 and i just never heard that before the
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00038-00007576-00007727 best way that i've ever heard faith
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00039-00007728-00007974 explained is that faith is like film and
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00040-00007975-00008191 it develops best in the dark
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00041-00008192-00008471 and in my case early on in recovery and
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00042-00008472-00008719 even later in recovery
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00043-00008720-00008927 there was a lot of darkness
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00044-00008928-00009159 leaders that had helped me even get to
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00045-00009160-00009359 where i was at that point in time they
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00046-00009360-00009503 had passed away
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00047-00009504-00009727 committed suicide or they themselves had
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00048-00009728-00009903 overdosed or even gone back to prison in
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00049-00009904-00010214 some cases when i was able to resolutely
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00050-00010215-00010423 make a decision that i was no longer
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00051-00010424-00010655 going to live with alcohol and drugs in
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00052-00010656-00010951 my life regardless of circumstance my
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00053-00010952-00011110 life started to change
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00054-00011111-00011278 and i was able to add value to other
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00055-00011279-00011463 people's lives outside of my own if you
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00056-00011464-00011678 would have told me five or six years ago
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00057-00011679-00011838 that my dad was gonna be the best man of
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00058-00011839-00012038 my wedding and my family and friends
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00059-00012039-00012223 were gonna come together on one day to
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00060-00012224-00012406 see me marry a woman that i could never
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00061-00012407-00012591 have imagined to be with for the rest of
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00062-00012592-00012687 my life
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00063-00012688-00012855 i i just wouldn't have believed you i
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00064-00012856-00012999 would have never thought that my life
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00065-00013000-00013286 today could be so extraordinary not only
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00066-00013287-00013591 filled with faith and family but a lot
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00067-00013591-00013799 of fun i get to meet with some amazing
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00068-00013800-00014015 people all over the country that are
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00069-00014016-00014191 also young people in recovery and also
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00070-00014191-00014494 people that are outside of this recovery
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00071-00014495-00014766 movement that absolutely believe in what
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00072-00014768-00014943 we're doing and that's helping other
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00073-00014944-00015143 people and seeing what we can do to
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00074-00015144-00015375 contribute to society my vision for the
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00075-00015376-00015607 recovery movement at any age is that
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00076-00015608-00015838 people hear a message of hope and they
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00077-00015840-00016047 hear a message of solution that they
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00078-00016047-00016303 learn at any age from any level of
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00079-00016304-00016527 experience that they have something to
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00080-00016528-00016719 offer someone else and that there is
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00081-00016720-00016886 hope and that there is solution for
+JHGGd_9Qefo-00082-00016887-00017184 everyone
+JHHq6qW8P38-00000-00000016-00000279 this is math 142 and this is uh part one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00001-00000280-00000455 lecture for 7.1
+JHHq6qW8P38-00002-00000456-00000607 and we're going to deal with uh with
+JHHq6qW8P38-00003-00000608-00000774 some trig identities and
+JHHq6qW8P38-00004-00000775-00000958 what we're going to do is some um
+JHHq6qW8P38-00005-00000959-00001103 basically some manipulation with that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00006-00001104-00001239 with the trig functions
+JHHq6qW8P38-00007-00001240-00001519 we're going to do some um rewriting them
+JHHq6qW8P38-00008-00001520-00001647 from one form to another
+JHHq6qW8P38-00009-00001648-00001847 so let's get some stuff up here that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00010-00001848-00001982 that we know
+JHHq6qW8P38-00011-00001984-00002310 so one thing is the reciprocal
+JHHq6qW8P38-00012-00002311-00002383 identities
+JHHq6qW8P38-00013-00002384-00002663 the reciprocal identities are basically
+JHHq6qW8P38-00014-00002664-00002726 that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00015-00002727-00003118 you know cosecant is the same as 1 over
+JHHq6qW8P38-00016-00003119-00003303 sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00017-00003304-00003454 and that actually came out of our
+JHHq6qW8P38-00018-00003455-00003638 definition of cosecant once we figured
+JHHq6qW8P38-00019-00003639-00003735 out what sine was
+JHHq6qW8P38-00020-00003736-00003951 we said flip it over take its reciprocal
+JHHq6qW8P38-00021-00003952-00004095 and you get cosecant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00022-00004096-00004247 and i'm going to write the the rest of
+JHHq6qW8P38-00023-00004248-00004622 them because we've seen them before
+JHHq6qW8P38-00024-00004623-00004902 and as you know the the flips of all
+JHHq6qW8P38-00025-00004903-00004991 these are the same
+JHHq6qW8P38-00026-00004992-00005159 as well so i could also write things
+JHHq6qW8P38-00027-00005160-00005663 like this
+JHHq6qW8P38-00028-00005664-00005902 so another uh thing that i have is the
+JHHq6qW8P38-00029-00005903-00006054 pythagorean identities
+JHHq6qW8P38-00030-00006055-00006431 um cosine squared of x plus sine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00031-00006431-00006806 of x is one and
+JHHq6qW8P38-00032-00006808-00006967 you know if you think about terms of the
+JHHq6qW8P38-00033-00006968-00007239 unit circle where our width
+JHHq6qW8P38-00034-00007240-00007614 is x is the angle is cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00035-00007615-00007927 and our height is sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00036-00007928-00008167 right x is cosine y sine you can see
+JHHq6qW8P38-00037-00008168-00008342 that's just pythagorean theorem
+JHHq6qW8P38-00038-00008343-00008510 this side squared plus this side squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00039-00008511-00008695 is 1 squared 1 squared is 1.
+JHHq6qW8P38-00040-00008696-00009006 so this is true
+JHHq6qW8P38-00041-00009007-00009174 if you can remember this you can derive
+JHHq6qW8P38-00042-00009175-00009399 the other two pythagorean identities
+JHHq6qW8P38-00043-00009400-00009606 so for example i could divide everything
+JHHq6qW8P38-00044-00009607-00009883 here by cosine squared i could take this
+JHHq6qW8P38-00045-00009884-00010263 identity
+JHHq6qW8P38-00046-00010264-00010519 and just divide both sides by cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00047-00010520-00010591 squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00048-00010592-00011014 of x
+JHHq6qW8P38-00049-00011015-00011283 and then something divided by itself is
+JHHq6qW8P38-00050-00011284-00011503 one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00051-00011504-00011655 and then if i have sine squared over
+JHHq6qW8P38-00052-00011656-00011919 cosine squared sine squared over cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00053-00011920-00012119 theta that's just that's just tangent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00054-00012120-00012399 you know i know that that tangent is y
+JHHq6qW8P38-00055-00012400-00012431 over
+JHHq6qW8P38-00056-00012432-00012951 x or sine over cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00057-00012952-00013111 so if they're both squared tangent would
+JHHq6qW8P38-00058-00013112-00013238 be squared so that would be the same as
+JHHq6qW8P38-00059-00013240-00013455 tangent squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00060-00013456-00013671 and one over cosine squared well one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00061-00013672-00013830 over cosine is secant so that would be
+JHHq6qW8P38-00062-00013831-00014207 secant squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00063-00014208-00014415 and then i can get a third pythagorean
+JHHq6qW8P38-00064-00014416-00014551 identity just by doing the same thing
+JHHq6qW8P38-00065-00014552-00014686 but instead of dividing by cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00066-00014687-00015303 squared divided by sine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00067-00015304-00015558 cosine divided by sine well that must be
+JHHq6qW8P38-00068-00015559-00015791 this one flipped over which is cotangent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00069-00015791-00016135 so cotangent squared of x plus sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00070-00016136-00016286 divided by sine sine squared divided by
+JHHq6qW8P38-00071-00016287-00016415 sine squared is 1
+JHHq6qW8P38-00072-00016416-00016694 and then 1 divided by sine is cosecant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00073-00016695-00016871 so this would be
+JHHq6qW8P38-00074-00016872-00017175 cosecant squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00075-00017176-00017311 so you can see what i'm starting to get
+JHHq6qW8P38-00076-00017312-00017543 are some relationships here
+JHHq6qW8P38-00077-00017544-00017839 let me get a couple more on these so for
+JHHq6qW8P38-00078-00017840-00017967 example if i had
+JHHq6qW8P38-00079-00017968-00018271 sine of negative x or
+JHHq6qW8P38-00080-00018272-00018575 cosine of negative x or tangent of
+JHHq6qW8P38-00081-00018576-00018830 negative x
+JHHq6qW8P38-00082-00018831-00019063 what would they be the same as so sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00083-00019064-00019167 of negative x
+JHHq6qW8P38-00084-00019168-00019486 so let's just look for example at a
+JHHq6qW8P38-00085-00019487-00020230 sine of of negative 45 degrees
+JHHq6qW8P38-00086-00020231-00020486 so negative 45 degrees is here and
+JHHq6qW8P38-00087-00020487-00020686 notice that's negative
+JHHq6qW8P38-00088-00020687-00020919 root 2 over 2 because it's that it's
+JHHq6qW8P38-00089-00020920-00021111 that height
+JHHq6qW8P38-00090-00021112-00021319 notice that if i were just to go sine of
+JHHq6qW8P38-00091-00021320-00021503 45 degrees
+JHHq6qW8P38-00092-00021504-00021791 i would get the same magnitude of height
+JHHq6qW8P38-00093-00021792-00021967 but in the opposite direction
+JHHq6qW8P38-00094-00021968-00022327 right just sine of 45 degrees is root 2
+JHHq6qW8P38-00095-00022328-00022414 over 2.
+JHHq6qW8P38-00096-00022415-00022655 so these magnitudes are the same but the
+JHHq6qW8P38-00097-00022656-00022830 sign s-i-g-n
+JHHq6qW8P38-00098-00022831-00023158 is different the parity so if i were to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00099-00023159-00023311 negate that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00100-00023312-00023583 then these would be the same so notice
+JHHq6qW8P38-00101-00023584-00023639 that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00102-00023640-00023903 sine of negative 45 degrees is equal to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00103-00023904-00024063 negative
+JHHq6qW8P38-00104-00024064-00024367 sine of 45 degrees right because it's
+JHHq6qW8P38-00105-00024368-00024399 about
+JHHq6qW8P38-00106-00024400-00024727 up down direction so that's cool let's
+JHHq6qW8P38-00107-00024728-00024878 let's think about cosine then how about
+JHHq6qW8P38-00108-00024879-00025030 if i want cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00109-00025031-00025230 of negative 45 degrees cosine of
+JHHq6qW8P38-00110-00025231-00025542 negative 45 degrees
+JHHq6qW8P38-00111-00025543-00026174 is that is root 2 over 2.
+JHHq6qW8P38-00112-00026175-00026662 but notice if i go cosine of 45 degrees
+JHHq6qW8P38-00113-00026663-00026958 is that that width is the same they're
+JHHq6qW8P38-00114-00026960-00027167 equal to each other
+JHHq6qW8P38-00115-00027168-00027351 that's true in any direction right if i
+JHHq6qW8P38-00116-00027352-00027567 were to go negative 120 degrees i'd end
+JHHq6qW8P38-00117-00027568-00027614 up here
+JHHq6qW8P38-00118-00027616-00027862 but positive 120 degrees ended up here
+JHHq6qW8P38-00119-00027863-00028158 they have the same width value
+JHHq6qW8P38-00120-00028160-00028535 so that means that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00121-00028536-00028751 cosine of negative 45 is just the same
+JHHq6qW8P38-00122-00028752-00028902 as cosine of 45
+JHHq6qW8P38-00123-00028904-00029055 because it's about width it's not about
+JHHq6qW8P38-00124-00029056-00029511 height so that gives us two of these
+JHHq6qW8P38-00125-00029512-00029679 sine of negative x is the same as
+JHHq6qW8P38-00126-00029680-00029999 negative sine of x
+JHHq6qW8P38-00127-00030000-00030199 and cosine of negative x is just the
+JHHq6qW8P38-00128-00030200-00030414 same as cosine of x
+JHHq6qW8P38-00129-00030416-00030711 and now since uh tangent is sine over
+JHHq6qW8P38-00130-00030712-00030774 cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00131-00030775-00030895 that'd be a negative divided by a
+JHHq6qW8P38-00132-00030895-00031279 positive so it's just negative tangent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00133-00031280-00031646 of x all right one more little piece i
+JHHq6qW8P38-00134-00031647-00031767 want to get up here
+JHHq6qW8P38-00135-00031768-00032143 these kind of these transformations so
+JHHq6qW8P38-00136-00032144-00032551 sine and cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00137-00032552-00033223 they look a lot alike
+JHHq6qW8P38-00138-00033224-00033439 but one's a shifted version of the other
+JHHq6qW8P38-00139-00033440-00033623 so if i have this sign
+JHHq6qW8P38-00140-00033624-00033799 this is the sine value this is sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00141-00033800-00034062 right here if i wanted to shift it back
+JHHq6qW8P38-00142-00034063-00034215 to match here i'd have to shift it back
+JHHq6qW8P38-00143-00034216-00034351 pi over 2 and to shift it to the left
+JHHq6qW8P38-00144-00034352-00034551 i'm going to have to add
+JHHq6qW8P38-00145-00034552-00035159 pi over 2 and then they become the same
+JHHq6qW8P38-00146-00035160-00035655 so if i just say uh x plus pi over 2
+JHHq6qW8P38-00147-00035656-00035902 it's equal to cosine x that shift and to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00148-00035903-00036071 get cosine to be sine i have to shift it
+JHHq6qW8P38-00149-00036072-00036255 in the other direction so cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00150-00036256-00036655 of x minus pi over 2
+JHHq6qW8P38-00151-00036656-00036967 would give me sine now
+JHHq6qW8P38-00152-00036968-00037159 there's some manipulations i could do
+JHHq6qW8P38-00153-00037160-00037279 here i could uh
+JHHq6qW8P38-00154-00037280-00037502 take out a negative and use these rules
+JHHq6qW8P38-00155-00037503-00037590 but what i'm
+JHHq6qW8P38-00156-00037591-00037871 what i'm going to get is basically i
+JHHq6qW8P38-00157-00037872-00038015 could also say
+JHHq6qW8P38-00158-00038016-00038335 and this is true for any any of these um
+JHHq6qW8P38-00159-00038336-00038679 sine of pi over 2 minus x
+JHHq6qW8P38-00160-00038680-00039023 is equal to cosine of x that's the same
+JHHq6qW8P38-00161-00039024-00039283 for cosine too
+JHHq6qW8P38-00162-00039284-00039583 cosine of pi over 2 minus x is the same
+JHHq6qW8P38-00163-00039584-00039695 as sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00164-00039696-00040230 of x and tangent cotangent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00165-00040231-00040662 have the same relationship
+JHHq6qW8P38-00166-00040663-00041279 as the secant and cosecant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00167-00041280-00041815 oops cosecant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00168-00041816-00042255 so notice that this blah pi over 2 minus
+JHHq6qW8P38-00169-00042256-00042399 x is equal to that that's the
+JHHq6qW8P38-00170-00042400-00042574 that's tangent cotangent works that way
+JHHq6qW8P38-00171-00042575-00042918 secant cosecant works that way as well
+JHHq6qW8P38-00172-00042919-00043062 so all these relationships are
+JHHq6qW8P38-00173-00043063-00043239 relationships to know
+JHHq6qW8P38-00174-00043240-00043415 and what the rest of the lecture is
+JHHq6qW8P38-00175-00043416-00043590 going to be is we're going to practice
+JHHq6qW8P38-00176-00043591-00043727 practice using them
+JHHq6qW8P38-00177-00043728-00043958 and um in this part one we're going to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00178-00043959-00044095 do is we're just going to use these to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00179-00044096-00044183 simplify
+JHHq6qW8P38-00180-00044184-00044407 some things uh in part two we'll do some
+JHHq6qW8P38-00181-00044408-00044543 what's called verification
+JHHq6qW8P38-00182-00044544-00044743 proving that that one thing is the same
+JHHq6qW8P38-00183-00044744-00045071 as another is an identity so here's an
+JHHq6qW8P38-00184-00045072-00045430 example if i had
+JHHq6qW8P38-00185-00045431-00045990 plus tangent of t times sine of t
+JHHq6qW8P38-00186-00045991-00046279 now in these problems we're we're
+JHHq6qW8P38-00187-00046280-00046439 simplifying or we're
+JHHq6qW8P38-00188-00046440-00046655 just trying to uh to see how we can
+JHHq6qW8P38-00189-00046656-00046790 clean it up a little bit this might be a
+JHHq6qW8P38-00190-00046791-00046927 complicated version
+JHHq6qW8P38-00191-00046928-00047302 of something else um there's no
+JHHq6qW8P38-00192-00047303-00047574 like kind of sequential step-to-step way
+JHHq6qW8P38-00193-00047575-00047790 of doing this this is this is play
+JHHq6qW8P38-00194-00047791-00047967 you're you're just
+JHHq6qW8P38-00195-00047968-00048174 um trying to manipulate it and see how
+JHHq6qW8P38-00196-00048175-00048279 you can rewrite it
+JHHq6qW8P38-00197-00048280-00048502 so there's not like necessarily a first
+JHHq6qW8P38-00198-00048503-00048639 step but i will try and give you some
+JHHq6qW8P38-00199-00048640-00048743 rules of thumb and
+JHHq6qW8P38-00200-00048744-00048935 and one of them is and again this
+JHHq6qW8P38-00201-00048936-00049086 doesn't always work
+JHHq6qW8P38-00202-00049087-00049551 but turn things into sine and cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00203-00049552-00049695 now again you don't necessarily always
+JHHq6qW8P38-00204-00049696-00049967 want to do that but it's a pretty good
+JHHq6qW8P38-00205-00049968-00050271 technique and notice that we have like
+JHHq6qW8P38-00206-00050272-00050551 cosecant term cosecant in terms of sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00207-00050552-00050743 secant in terms of cosine tangent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00208-00050744-00051111 and cotangent so let's uh let's do that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00209-00051112-00051454 this is already cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00210-00051455-00051919 tangent we know is sine over cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00211-00051920-00052399 sorry meant to say t
+JHHq6qW8P38-00212-00052400-00052703 and this is um sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00213-00052704-00053119 t and that's like over you know over one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00214-00053120-00053487 so another thing kind of rule of thumb
+JHHq6qW8P38-00215-00053488-00053823 do the arithmetic
+JHHq6qW8P38-00216-00053824-00053959 in other words i have some things that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00217-00053960-00054079 are multiplied here i have some things
+JHHq6qW8P38-00218-00054079-00054223 that are added to that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00219-00054224-00054454 added together do it so i have this
+JHHq6qW8P38-00220-00054455-00054607 cosine of t
+JHHq6qW8P38-00221-00054608-00054815 and notice if i multiply these together
+JHHq6qW8P38-00222-00054816-00054926 sine times sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00223-00054927-00055287 is sine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00224-00055288-00055607 and that's over cosine so i've done that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00225-00055608-00055838 arithmetic i've done that multiplication
+JHHq6qW8P38-00226-00055839-00055999 and i can keep going how about i do this
+JHHq6qW8P38-00227-00056000-00056142 addition as well
+JHHq6qW8P38-00228-00056144-00056399 so in order to add these things together
+JHHq6qW8P38-00229-00056400-00056591 i'll need a common denominator this has
+JHHq6qW8P38-00230-00056591-00056623 a
+JHHq6qW8P38-00231-00056624-00057038 denominator of cosine so
+JHHq6qW8P38-00232-00057039-00057199 this needs a denominator of cosine as
+JHHq6qW8P38-00233-00057200-00057447 well so i'll multiply this one by
+JHHq6qW8P38-00234-00057448-00057759 this version of one cosine times cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00235-00057760-00058119 is cosine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00236-00058120-00058479 and that's over cos t
+JHHq6qW8P38-00237-00058479-00058854 plus sine squared over
+JHHq6qW8P38-00238-00058855-00059215 cosine of t and notice then that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00239-00059216-00059463 um since they have a common denominator
+JHHq6qW8P38-00240-00059464-00059654 i can add the numerator so then i have
+JHHq6qW8P38-00241-00059655-00059815 cosine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00242-00059816-00060159 plus sine squared and that feels good
+JHHq6qW8P38-00243-00060160-00060454 over cosine of t notice cosine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00244-00060455-00060599 plus sine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00245-00060600-00060782 anytime i have a square in here it's
+JHHq6qW8P38-00246-00060783-00060894 going to push me towards these
+JHHq6qW8P38-00247-00060895-00060982 pythagorean
+JHHq6qW8P38-00248-00060983-00061135 identities it's not always necessarily
+JHHq6qW8P38-00249-00061136-00061294 going to be 1 but it's going to make me
+JHHq6qW8P38-00250-00061295-00061375 think of it
+JHHq6qW8P38-00251-00061376-00061511 but i notice that cosine squared plus
+JHHq6qW8P38-00252-00061512-00061694 sine squared is 1. so this is the same
+JHHq6qW8P38-00253-00061695-00061759 as 1
+JHHq6qW8P38-00254-00061760-00062063 over cosine t
+JHHq6qW8P38-00255-00062064-00062679 oh and that's just the same as a secant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00256-00062679-00063038 i notice that this simplifies to secant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00257-00063039-00063254 and notice the way that i got there i
+JHHq6qW8P38-00258-00063255-00063406 turned everything into terms of sine and
+JHHq6qW8P38-00259-00063407-00063471 cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00260-00063472-00063615 again you don't always have to do that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00261-00063616-00063782 but it but it helps it could help in
+JHHq6qW8P38-00262-00063783-00063863 most cases
+JHHq6qW8P38-00263-00063864-00063999 and then i just did the arithmetic and
+JHHq6qW8P38-00264-00064000-00064166 saw where it led me and then i started
+JHHq6qW8P38-00265-00064167-00064319 to see things that are recognized
+JHHq6qW8P38-00266-00064320-00065030 cosine squared plus sine squared is 1.
+JHHq6qW8P38-00267-00065032-00065287 so here's another example and i notice
+JHHq6qW8P38-00268-00065288-00065415 everything's already in terms of sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00269-00065416-00065494 and cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00270-00065495-00065663 we're just simplifying this you know the
+JHHq6qW8P38-00271-00065664-00065911 directions would be simplify
+JHHq6qW8P38-00272-00065912-00066063 so like i said everything's in terms of
+JHHq6qW8P38-00273-00066064-00066215 sine and cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00274-00066216-00066382 so let me do the arithmetic i'm going to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00275-00066383-00066575 add these fractions together
+JHHq6qW8P38-00276-00066576-00066703 so that means i would need a common
+JHHq6qW8P38-00277-00066704-00066911 denominator so to get that common
+JHHq6qW8P38-00278-00066912-00067167 denominator
+JHHq6qW8P38-00279-00067168-00067638 i'd have to multiply this side by
+JHHq6qW8P38-00280-00067639-00067926 this fraction by 1 plus sine theta over
+JHHq6qW8P38-00281-00067927-00068303 1 plus sine theta
+JHHq6qW8P38-00282-00068304-00068511 and i have to multiply this one by
+JHHq6qW8P38-00283-00068512-00068615 cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00284-00068616-00069199 over cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00285-00069200-00069471 here i i'm going to distribute that that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00286-00069472-00069871 sine into there so i'd have
+JHHq6qW8P38-00287-00069872-00070182 sine times 1 so sine theta plus sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00288-00070183-00070423 squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00289-00070424-00071143 plus cosine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00290-00071144-00071519 and that whole thing would be over
+JHHq6qW8P38-00291-00071520-00071919 um i won't multiply this out
+JHHq6qW8P38-00292-00071920-00072103 just quite yet unless i need to one plus
+JHHq6qW8P38-00293-00072104-00072526 sine theta times cosine theta
+JHHq6qW8P38-00294-00072527-00072711 i notice that sine squared plus cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00295-00072712-00072894 squared is just one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00296-00072895-00073094 so great so i'm going to condense that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00297-00073095-00073326 then to a 1.
+JHHq6qW8P38-00298-00073327-00073743 so i have sine theta plus 1
+JHHq6qW8P38-00299-00073744-00074238 over 1 plus sine theta
+JHHq6qW8P38-00300-00074239-00074567 times cosine of theta sine plus one and
+JHHq6qW8P38-00301-00074568-00074743 one plus sine those are the same thing
+JHHq6qW8P38-00302-00074744-00075015 so i can actually divide those out that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00303-00075016-00075271 divides out to a one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00304-00075272-00075494 this will leave me one over cosine of
+JHHq6qW8P38-00305-00075495-00075599 theta
+JHHq6qW8P38-00306-00075600-00075743 and i notice that one over cosine is
+JHHq6qW8P38-00307-00075744-00075982 secant so this one just happens to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00308-00075983-00076103 become secant two
+JHHq6qW8P38-00309-00076104-00076623 so this is uh secant theta
+JHHq6qW8P38-00310-00076624-00076879 this simplifies to that they're
+JHHq6qW8P38-00311-00076880-00076999 equivalent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00312-00077000-00077279 so um in most cases except cases where
+JHHq6qW8P38-00313-00077280-00077447 i'd be dividing by zero here
+JHHq6qW8P38-00314-00077448-00077711 um if i plug in like 30 degrees and i
+JHHq6qW8P38-00315-00077712-00077838 evaluate this it's gonna be the same
+JHHq6qW8P38-00316-00077839-00078006 answers if i just plug in 30 degrees to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00317-00078007-00078159 that to evaluate it that's what it means
+JHHq6qW8P38-00318-00078160-00078335 for them to be equivalent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00319-00078336-00078535 um and so simplifying it makes it
+JHHq6qW8P38-00320-00078536-00078719 simpler and notice what we did
+JHHq6qW8P38-00321-00078720-00078903 we just did the arithmetic and then
+JHHq6qW8P38-00322-00078904-00079015 looked for pieces that we could
+JHHq6qW8P38-00323-00079016-00079487 substitute in
+JHHq6qW8P38-00324-00079488-00079679 all right so here's a three more that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00325-00079680-00079855 i'll just we'll just do so sine times
+JHHq6qW8P38-00326-00079856-00079950 cotangent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00327-00079951-00080087 well let's see this is already in terms
+JHHq6qW8P38-00328-00080088-00080287 of sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00329-00080288-00080599 cotangent cotangent is one over tangent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00330-00080600-00080999 i know it's also cosine over sine so
+JHHq6qW8P38-00331-00081000-00081375 i'll rewrite this as cosine over sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00332-00081376-00081599 think about that as over one and i'll do
+JHHq6qW8P38-00333-00081600-00081735 the arithmetic i have these fractions
+JHHq6qW8P38-00334-00081736-00081903 that are multiplied together
+JHHq6qW8P38-00335-00081904-00082103 and i notice that sine divided by sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00336-00082104-00082271 is one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00337-00082272-00082662 so this is the same as cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00338-00082663-00082855 so let's do another one um cosine times
+JHHq6qW8P38-00339-00082856-00083167 secant cosine is cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00340-00083168-00083871 uh what is secant secant one over cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00341-00083872-00084294 do the arithmetic boop
+JHHq6qW8P38-00342-00084295-00084606 that equals one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00343-00084607-00084806 great and one more example cosecant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00344-00084807-00085023 squared minus cotangent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00345-00085024-00085326 squared so there's a couple of uh
+JHHq6qW8P38-00346-00085327-00085887 of ways i could go about doing this one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00347-00085888-00086118 i might i might turn them both turn them
+JHHq6qW8P38-00348-00086119-00086255 both into sine in terms of
+JHHq6qW8P38-00349-00086256-00086471 sine and cosine combine them up and go
+JHHq6qW8P38-00350-00086472-00086679 from there
+JHHq6qW8P38-00351-00086680-00087015 i could do that i could do some
+JHHq6qW8P38-00352-00087016-00087215 substitution here i know that cosecant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00353-00087216-00087518 is cotangent squared plus one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00354-00087519-00087782 so i could take that and substitute it
+JHHq6qW8P38-00355-00087783-00088006 in for cosecant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00356-00088007-00088191 not necessarily the most efficient way
+JHHq6qW8P38-00357-00088192-00088687 but it'll get me there
+JHHq6qW8P38-00358-00088688-00088982 oops i wrote x and i'm at theta and
+JHHq6qW8P38-00359-00088983-00089150 notice now i have these things
+JHHq6qW8P38-00360-00089151-00089423 added and subtracted cotangent squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00361-00089424-00089591 minus cotangent squared is zero
+JHHq6qW8P38-00362-00089592-00089862 so that's equal to one yeah so i could
+JHHq6qW8P38-00363-00089863-00089950 get there that way
+JHHq6qW8P38-00364-00089951-00090079 i would get there to one if i turn them
+JHHq6qW8P38-00365-00090080-00090231 both into sine and cosine it would be a
+JHHq6qW8P38-00366-00090232-00090367 little longer road
+JHHq6qW8P38-00367-00090368-00090550 um another thing i could do is i could
+JHHq6qW8P38-00368-00090551-00090671 uh
+JHHq6qW8P38-00369-00090672-00090926 i could just think about like that's
+JHHq6qW8P38-00370-00090927-00091055 basically what this says
+JHHq6qW8P38-00371-00091056-00091447 notice if i subtract cotangent from both
+JHHq6qW8P38-00372-00091448-00091559 sides
+JHHq6qW8P38-00373-00091560-00091775 cosecant squared minus cotangent squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00374-00091776-00091862 is equal to one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00375-00091863-00092350 so i could do that substitution too
+JHHq6qW8P38-00376-00092351-00092526 so let's go ahead and try and simplify
+JHHq6qW8P38-00377-00092527-00092806 this one cosine theta
+JHHq6qW8P38-00378-00092807-00093135 times secant theta minus cosine theta
+JHHq6qW8P38-00379-00093136-00093391 so um you might see right away that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00380-00093392-00093471 secant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00381-00093472-00093687 is equal to one over cosine so you might
+JHHq6qW8P38-00382-00093688-00093855 distribute this right away and just say
+JHHq6qW8P38-00383-00093856-00093887 that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00384-00093888-00094047 you know that that's going to be a 1. if
+JHHq6qW8P38-00385-00094048-00094231 you don't turn everything into terms of
+JHHq6qW8P38-00386-00094232-00094406 sine and cosine that's that's fine both
+JHHq6qW8P38-00387-00094407-00094599 ways are fine to go secant is 1 over
+JHHq6qW8P38-00388-00094600-00094791 cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00389-00094792-00095103 of theta and this is cosine of theta so
+JHHq6qW8P38-00390-00095104-00095262 as we do the arithmetic
+JHHq6qW8P38-00391-00095263-00095550 when i distribute this into this this
+JHHq6qW8P38-00392-00095551-00095623 would be
+JHHq6qW8P38-00393-00095624-00095855 the cosines cancel cosine over cosine is
+JHHq6qW8P38-00394-00095856-00096094 1
+JHHq6qW8P38-00395-00096095-00096374 minus cosine times cosine is cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00396-00096375-00096559 squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00397-00096560-00096855 so then i have 1 minus cosine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00398-00096856-00097038 and so there's the 1 there's the cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00399-00097039-00097118 squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00400-00097119-00097294 pushes me towards some sort of
+JHHq6qW8P38-00401-00097295-00097447 pythagorean
+JHHq6qW8P38-00402-00097448-00097799 identity and you so you might see right
+JHHq6qW8P38-00403-00097800-00097967 away if i subtract cosine squared from
+JHHq6qW8P38-00404-00097968-00098047 both sides
+JHHq6qW8P38-00405-00098048-00098287 sine squared is equal to that so we know
+JHHq6qW8P38-00406-00098288-00098415 this is going to end up being sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00407-00098416-00098638 squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00408-00098639-00099038 now if you didn't see that right away
+JHHq6qW8P38-00409-00099039-00099223 you could do something like well i know
+JHHq6qW8P38-00410-00099224-00099399 that one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00411-00099400-00099606 is cosine squared plus sine squared so i
+JHHq6qW8P38-00412-00099607-00099799 can replace this with a cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00413-00099800-00100118 squared plus a sine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00414-00100119-00100374 so notice that this one is this and then
+JHHq6qW8P38-00415-00100375-00100574 it's minus cosine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00416-00100575-00100894 and now i have cosine squared minus
+JHHq6qW8P38-00417-00100895-00101087 cosine squared which just leaves me
+JHHq6qW8P38-00418-00101088-00101631 sine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00419-00101632-00101982 1 plus cosine over cosine now
+JHHq6qW8P38-00420-00101983-00102191 this one there's a little technique here
+JHHq6qW8P38-00421-00102192-00102367 everything's already in terms of cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00422-00102368-00102551 and when it says do the arithmetic it
+JHHq6qW8P38-00423-00102552-00102639 doesn't feel like there's much
+JHHq6qW8P38-00424-00102640-00102799 arithmetic to do
+JHHq6qW8P38-00425-00102800-00103039 but notice that i have a single
+JHHq6qW8P38-00426-00103040-00103142 denominator here
+JHHq6qW8P38-00427-00103143-00103286 you know i have this one plus cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00428-00103288-00103478 just divided by the cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00429-00103479-00103663 so the 1 is being divided by the cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00430-00103664-00103830 and so is the cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00431-00103831-00103990 so when i just have a single piece in
+JHHq6qW8P38-00432-00103991-00104182 that denominator this is just fraction
+JHHq6qW8P38-00433-00104183-00104263 skill
+JHHq6qW8P38-00434-00104264-00104551 i can think of it as dividing the pieces
+JHHq6qW8P38-00435-00104552-00104775 1 divided by cosine theta
+JHHq6qW8P38-00436-00104776-00105183 plus cosine theta divided by cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00437-00105183-00105286 you know it's like when you have a
+JHHq6qW8P38-00438-00105288-00105527 common denominator you get that common
+JHHq6qW8P38-00439-00105528-00105647 denominator then you can add the
+JHHq6qW8P38-00440-00105648-00105751 numerators
+JHHq6qW8P38-00441-00105752-00105975 we're just kind of doing that backwards
+JHHq6qW8P38-00442-00105976-00106102 in a sense
+JHHq6qW8P38-00443-00106103-00106295 and what that gives me is 1 over cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00444-00106296-00106727 that's secant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00445-00106728-00107054 and cosine over cosine is 1. so this
+JHHq6qW8P38-00446-00107055-00107439 is equivalent to that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00447-00107440-00107631 this problem is another technique
+JHHq6qW8P38-00448-00107632-00107878 problem that i want to show you
+JHHq6qW8P38-00449-00107879-00108134 so notice i have a cosine squared that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00450-00108135-00108302 pushes me towards the pythagorean
+JHHq6qW8P38-00451-00108303-00108375 theorem
+JHHq6qW8P38-00452-00108376-00108734 and i also see a sine cubed and a sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00453-00108735-00108878 so things already in terms of sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00454-00108879-00109158 cosine do the arithmetic it's kind of
+JHHq6qW8P38-00455-00109159-00109351 there's nothing like straight ahead to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00456-00109352-00109543 see necessarily to do
+JHHq6qW8P38-00457-00109544-00109854 but there is a sign here and a sign here
+JHHq6qW8P38-00458-00109855-00110054 so what i could do is factor a sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00459-00110055-00110566 out of this so if i factor out a sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00460-00110567-00110799 sine cubed if i factor out a sign that's
+JHHq6qW8P38-00461-00110800-00110895 going to leave me a sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00462-00110896-00111278 squared cosine squared sine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00463-00111279-00111463 i factored that sign out so that leaves
+JHHq6qW8P38-00464-00111464-00111678 me a cosine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00465-00111679-00111871 and then i have that great pythagorean
+JHHq6qW8P38-00466-00111872-00112102 identity that's just a 1. so this is
+JHHq6qW8P38-00467-00112103-00112302 equal to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00468-00112303-00112647 sine x
+JHHq6qW8P38-00469-00112648-00112919 so i might add kind of a little a little
+JHHq6qW8P38-00470-00112920-00113127 tip here
+JHHq6qW8P38-00471-00113128-00113702 can you factor
+JHHq6qW8P38-00472-00113703-00113871 and sometimes when you can factor it
+JHHq6qW8P38-00473-00113872-00114031 won't necessarily make the problem
+JHHq6qW8P38-00474-00114032-00114110 simpler
+JHHq6qW8P38-00475-00114111-00114334 like i said at the start this is really
+JHHq6qW8P38-00476-00114335-00114495 this is technique this is
+JHHq6qW8P38-00477-00114496-00114854 uh this is play there's there's not just
+JHHq6qW8P38-00478-00114855-00115151 necessarily a flow of these problems
+JHHq6qW8P38-00479-00115152-00115766 where you can just follow steps
+JHHq6qW8P38-00480-00115767-00115951 this problem's a lot like the the last
+JHHq6qW8P38-00481-00115952-00116086 problem that we did
+JHHq6qW8P38-00482-00116088-00116283 notice these are both divided by
+JHHq6qW8P38-00483-00116283-00116510 cosecant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00484-00116511-00116839 cosecant divided by cosecant is one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00485-00116840-00117166 one divided by cosecant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00486-00117167-00117399 let's see one over cosecant is one over
+JHHq6qW8P38-00487-00117400-00117654 sine so sine must be one over cosine c
+JHHq6qW8P38-00488-00117655-00117983 can't secant so this is 1 minus
+JHHq6qW8P38-00489-00117983-00118319 sine squared x and now i have this one i
+JHHq6qW8P38-00490-00118320-00118454 have this sine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00491-00118455-00118575 that's really making me think
+JHHq6qW8P38-00492-00118576-00118839 pythagorean
+JHHq6qW8P38-00493-00118840-00119175 and looky here this if i if i subtracted
+JHHq6qW8P38-00494-00119176-00119199 this
+JHHq6qW8P38-00495-00119200-00119439 sine squared from both sides cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00496-00119440-00119623 squared would equal 1 minus sine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00497-00119624-00119678 so this
+JHHq6qW8P38-00498-00119679-00120278 is equal to cosine squared
+JHHq6qW8P38-00499-00120279-00120727 1 plus tangent over secant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00500-00120728-00121063 well let's let's do it let's let's think
+JHHq6qW8P38-00501-00121064-00121295 of this as one over secant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00502-00121296-00121686 of beta plus tangent
+JHHq6qW8P38-00503-00121688-00122031 beta over secant beta
+JHHq6qW8P38-00504-00122032-00122607 1 over secant that's cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00505-00122608-00122919 tangent over secant
+JHHq6qW8P38-00506-00122920-00123175 let's let's turn these into uh let's
+JHHq6qW8P38-00507-00123176-00123358 take this and turn these into things
+JHHq6qW8P38-00508-00123359-00123399 that are
+JHHq6qW8P38-00509-00123400-00123719 in terms of sine and cosine so
+JHHq6qW8P38-00510-00123720-00124390 tangent is sine over cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00511-00124391-00125071 secant is one over cosine
+JHHq6qW8P38-00512-00125072-00125247 and notice if i have a fraction divided
+JHHq6qW8P38-00513-00125248-00125390 by a fraction that's the same
+JHHq6qW8P38-00514-00125391-00125886 as the numerator
+JHHq6qW8P38-00515-00125888-00126083 multiplied by the reciprocal of the
+JHHq6qW8P38-00516-00126083-00126223 denominator
+JHHq6qW8P38-00517-00126224-00126495 because we're dividing by that bottom
+JHHq6qW8P38-00518-00126496-00126654 those cosines divide out
+JHHq6qW8P38-00519-00126655-00126975 so that leaves me sine so this would be
+JHHq6qW8P38-00520-00126976-00127263 cosine of beta plus
+JHHq6qW8P38-00521-00127264-00127590 sine of beta now notice it's just that
+JHHq6qW8P38-00522-00127591-00127766 there's they're not squared so it's not
+JHHq6qW8P38-00523-00127767-00128223 equal to one
+JHHq6qW8P38-00524-00128224-00128510 give these give these problems a try um
+JHHq6qW8P38-00525-00128511-00128710 you know the the homework set
+JHHq6qW8P38-00526-00128711-00128975 post any questions that you have in the
+JHHq6qW8P38-00527-00128976-00129039 forums
+JHHq6qW8P38-00528-00129040-00129199 send me message me with any questions
+JHHq6qW8P38-00529-00129200-00129447 that you have this is really just
+JHHq6qW8P38-00530-00129448-00129583 practice you're really playing around
+JHHq6qW8P38-00531-00129583-00129751 these relationships being able to
+JHHq6qW8P38-00532-00129752-00129863 recognize them
+JHHq6qW8P38-00533-00129864-00130078 and being able to rewrite things in
+JHHq6qW8P38-00534-00130079-00130400 terms of them
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00001-00007736-00007942 hello and welcome to tony's music my
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00002-00007943-00008127 name is tony and i really appreciate you
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+JMmdX8AOGDU-00007-00008728-00008974 of new videos i'll be posting every week
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+JMmdX8AOGDU-00038-00014959-00015247 as well as that on doodly internally png
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00039-00015247-00015366 if you go to guides
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00040-00015368-00015663 in guides nine you will find a business
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00041-00015663-00015879 based company called graphic call
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00042-00015880-00016230 where you can join that for 11 and
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+JMmdX8AOGDU-00044-00016695-00016999 when the price will be going up and
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+JMmdX8AOGDU-00046-00017320-00017550 and that you know high-resolution
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00047-00017551-00017711 graphics and stuff like that so if you
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+JMmdX8AOGDU-00050-00018104-00018319 and you can also get audios from there
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00051-00018320-00018383 and
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00052-00018384-00018511 different things you know there's lots
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00053-00018512-00018679 of different things on there too many to
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00054-00018680-00018830 mention
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00055-00018831-00019047 so if you want to do that please do so
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00056-00019048-00019167 as well as that
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00057-00019168-00019430 enjoy the videos coming up have a great
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00058-00019431-00019479 day
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00059-00019480-00021583 and stay safe thank you
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00060-00021584-00022483 [Applause]
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00061-00022484-00022910 uh
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00062-00022911-00023883 [Music]
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00063-00023884-00026683 beep
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00064-00026683-00028083 um
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00065-00028083-00028412 be
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00066-00028413-00029483 [Applause]
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00067-00029483-00030322 be
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00068-00030323-00030883 [Music]
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00069-00030883-00033702 food
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00070-00033703-00034567 [Music]
+JMmdX8AOGDU-00071-00034568-00034775 you
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00000-00000007-00000471 [Music]
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00001-00000472-00000630 in this video i'd like to talk to you
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00002-00000631-00000726 about finding
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00003-00000727-00001047 angles on a right triangle now the three
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00004-00001048-00001311 angles on a triangle add up to be 180
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00005-00001312-00001399 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00006-00001400-00001630 and on a right triangle we know one
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00007-00001632-00001830 angle is given by 90 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00008-00001832-00002071 because it's a right triangle if we know
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00009-00002072-00002239 a second angle then we can actually find
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00010-00002240-00002399 the third angle quite easily by just
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00011-00002400-00002575 using the fact that the sum of the three
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00012-00002576-00002663 angles has to be
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00013-00002664-00002991 180 degrees so really it's only hard to
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00014-00002992-00003166 find the second angle the third angle is
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00015-00003167-00003263 quite easy
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00016-00003264-00003447 now these other two angles these
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00017-00003447-00003631 non-right angles we call those acute
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00018-00003632-00003799 angles those are angles that measure
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00019-00003800-00004006 less than 90 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00020-00004007-00004247 as a reminder for a right triangle with
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00021-00004248-00004399 acute angle theta
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00022-00004400-00004599 we define the functions relative to the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00023-00004600-00004735 angle theta as
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00024-00004736-00005015 sine theta is opposite over hypotenuse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00025-00005016-00005295 cosine theta is adjacent over hypotenuse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00026-00005296-00005495 and tangent theta is opposite over
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00027-00005496-00005615 adjacent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00028-00005616-00005815 we've learned over and over that every
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00029-00005816-00005991 type of function or mathematical
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00030-00005992-00006054 operation
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00031-00006055-00006334 has an inverse and there's no exception
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00032-00006335-00006527 to these trig functions
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00033-00006528-00006767 the inverse functions for sine cosine
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00034-00006768-00006934 and tangent can actually be written two
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00035-00006936-00007078 different ways
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00036-00007079-00007303 so for the function sine of something
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00037-00007304-00007527 and when i say of something i'm
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00038-00007528-00007767 i'm referring to a left parenthesis an
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00039-00007768-00007998 open space and a right parenthesis
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00040-00008000-00008303 so for sine of something the inverse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00041-00008304-00008567 is given by either sine with an exponent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00042-00008568-00008742 of negative one of that something we
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00043-00008743-00008863 read that as inverse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00044-00008864-00009174 sine of something or by arc sine
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00045-00009175-00009519 of something a r c s i n
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00046-00009520-00009799 for cosine the inverse is cosine
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00047-00009800-00010023 exponent negative one of something
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00048-00010024-00010327 or arc cosine of something that's a r c
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00049-00010328-00010687 c o s and for tangent of something the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00050-00010688-00010814 inverse is
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00051-00010815-00011071 tangent with an exponent negative 1 of
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00052-00011072-00011142 something
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00053-00011143-00011387 or arctan of something that's
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00054-00011388-00011583 a-r-c-t-a-n
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00055-00011584-00011806 again we read this sine with the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00056-00011807-00012031 negative 1 cosine with a negative 1 and
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00057-00012032-00012223 tangent with the negative 1 as
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00058-00012224-00012470 inverse sine inverse cosine and inverse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00059-00012471-00012591 tangent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00060-00012592-00012830 now the inverse trig functions actually
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00061-00012831-00012902 have
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00062-00012903-00013119 restricted domains on the original
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00063-00013119-00013294 function so they don't work in all
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00064-00013295-00013463 quadrants however
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00065-00013463-00013655 all of these inverses are defined in
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00066-00013656-00013838 quadrant one and the angles and right
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00067-00013840-00013958 triangles
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00068-00013959-00014158 can all be modeled in quadrant one so
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00069-00014159-00014279 for our purposes
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00070-00014280-00014447 in solving for missing angles or right
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00071-00014447-00014671 triangles we are not going to have any
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00072-00014672-00014847 issues with the domain restrictions
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00073-00014847-00015063 but just be aware they exist in case you
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00074-00015063-00015207 get into triangles
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00075-00015208-00015343 that eventually appear in other
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00076-00015344-00015535 quadrants those would be
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00077-00015536-00015799 non-right triangles also important to
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00078-00015800-00015838 know
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00079-00015840-00016175 if desmos is set for degrees then the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00080-00016176-00016335 angle coming out of inverse trig
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00081-00016336-00016399 functions
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00082-00016400-00016703 will be given in degrees if desmos is
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00083-00016704-00016911 set for radians then the angle coming
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00084-00016912-00016999 out of an inverse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00085-00017000-00017271 trig function will be given in radians
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00086-00017272-00017303 you
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00087-00017304-00017471 have to know the angle measurement
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00088-00017472-00017679 desmos is set for
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00089-00017680-00017943 so let's try some with desmos set in
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00090-00017944-00018055 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00091-00018056-00018279 let's solve the following two equations
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00092-00018280-00018511 the first one we're going to solve
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00093-00018512-00018863 is sine theta equals 3 4. now how do we
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00094-00018864-00019167 undo a sine theta we use an inverse sine
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00095-00019168-00019471 so i'm going to do sine negative 1
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00096-00019472-00019647 that's sine with an exponent of negative
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00097-00019648-00019879 1 of something on the left
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00098-00019880-00020191 and sine negative 1 of something
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00099-00020192-00020455 on the right i'll drop in the original
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00100-00020456-00020567 equation so now i'll have
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00101-00020568-00020886 inverse sine of sine theta on the left
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00102-00020887-00021247 and inverse sine of 3 4 on the right
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00103-00021248-00021455 now of course inverse sine of sine
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00104-00021456-00021607 should just give us theta
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00105-00021608-00021958 and so theta is the inverse sine or sine
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00106-00021959-00022086 negative 1
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00107-00022087-00022430 of 3 4. let's jump over to desmos and do
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00108-00022431-00022558 that calculation
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00109-00022559-00022758 now again we want to do this with desmos
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00110-00022759-00022935 certain degrees so the first thing i'm
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00111-00022936-00023191 going to do is check desmos to see
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00112-00023192-00023471 if desmos is set in degrees and now it
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00113-00023472-00023599 is
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00114-00023600-00023863 so i'm going to do inverse sine inverse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00115-00023864-00024039 sine is in that functions menu the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00116-00024040-00024255 second column in desmos
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00117-00024256-00024575 inverse sine of 3 4
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00118-00024576-00024911 and i get out 48.5903
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00119-00024912-00025214 let's round that to 48.59 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00120-00025215-00025687 theta is 48.59
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00121-00025688-00025878 degrees and i'll use the degrees symbol
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00122-00025879-00026127 to remind myself of that
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00123-00026127-00026279 the next equation we're going to solve
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00124-00026280-00026446 is tangent alpha
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00125-00026447-00026718 equals six-fifths so how do we undo a
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00126-00026719-00026831 tangent we take an
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00127-00026832-00027031 inverse tangent so i'm going to take
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00128-00027032-00027183 tangent negative 1
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00129-00027183-00027407 of something on the left side and
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00130-00027408-00027551 tangent negative 1
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00131-00027552-00027823 of something on the right side what goes
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00132-00027824-00027951 into the something
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00133-00027952-00028158 i'll just drop in the original equation
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00134-00028160-00028270 in two parts
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00135-00028272-00028543 so we'll have tangent inverse of tangent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00136-00028544-00028631 alpha
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00137-00028632-00028999 and tangent inverse of six fifths
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00138-00029000-00029231 tangent inverse of tangent alpha is just
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00139-00029232-00029343 alpha
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00140-00029344-00029551 and then alpha is going to be tangent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00141-00029552-00029646 inverse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00142-00029647-00030023 of six fifths let's jump over to desmos
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00143-00030024-00030135 and find that
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00144-00030136-00030343 in the functions menu i can grab inverse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00145-00030344-00030574 tangent and then i'll do six divided by
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00146-00030575-00030735 five in the parentheses to get an
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00147-00030736-00031039 angle of 50.194
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00148-00031039-00031543 or just 50.19 and that's 50.19 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00149-00031544-00031774 let's just see what happens if we reset
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00150-00031775-00031990 desmos to be radians and run these
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00151-00031991-00032135 calculations again
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00152-00032136-00032383 so let's just reevaluate that last step
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00153-00032383-00032567 of those two equations again so that
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00154-00032568-00032711 step where we had
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00155-00032712-00032911 theta equals inverse sine of
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00156-00032912-00033046 three-fourths
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00157-00033047-00033279 or alpha equals inverse sine of
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00158-00033280-00033407 six-fifths
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00159-00033408-00033639 so i'm going to pop over to desmos i'm
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00160-00033640-00033783 gonna go into the wrench menu and i'm
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00161-00033784-00033983 going to change this to radians now
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00162-00033984-00034071 i don't know if you saw that so i'm
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00163-00034072-00034167 going to do one more time i'm going to
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00164-00034168-00034383 go back to degrees i want you to watch
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00165-00034384-00034574 over on the left-hand panel where we saw
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00166-00034575-00034735 the answers for inverse sine of
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00167-00034736-00034815 three-fourths and
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00168-00034816-00035055 inverse tangent of six-fifths when i
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00169-00035056-00035335 switched to radians watch those answers
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00170-00035336-00035502 and you'll see that those answers
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00171-00035503-00035671 actually switch to radians so it
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00172-00035672-00035759 actually goes back
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00173-00035760-00036046 and reevaluates what you have in these
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00174-00036047-00036127 expressions
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00175-00036128-00036423 for radians angles instead so the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00176-00036424-00036735 inverse sine of 3 4 is .848
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00177-00036736-00037030 radians or i'll round that to 0.85
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00178-00037031-00037111 radians
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00179-00037112-00037671 so that would be theta equals 0.85
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00180-00037672-00038079 radians and alpha would be
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00181-00038080-00038346 inverse tangent of six-fifths which is
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00182-00038347-00038487 0.876 or
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00183-00038488-00038783 0.88 radians and that's why it's so
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00184-00038784-00038855 important
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00185-00038856-00039030 that you know whether desmos is in
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00186-00039031-00039311 degrees or radians when you evaluate for
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00187-00039312-00039535 angles now let's try setting up the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00188-00039536-00039711 relationship to actually solve from a
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00189-00039712-00039815 triangle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00190-00039816-00040046 so we have a right triangle it's got a
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00191-00040047-00040239 base and a vertical
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00192-00040240-00040511 with a hypotenuse of 14 the vertical
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00193-00040512-00040695 side is length sixth
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00194-00040696-00040999 and the horizontal side is unknown the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00195-00041000-00041223 angle alpha is between the hypotenuse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00196-00041224-00041415 and the horizontal side
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00197-00041416-00041646 which means that that horizontal side is
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00198-00041647-00041767 adjacent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00199-00041768-00042118 to alpha and we'll call that side a 6 is
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00200-00042119-00042199 the opposite
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00201-00042200-00042527 side and 14 is the hypotenuse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00202-00042528-00042823 now if we're going to find alpha it
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00203-00042824-00042990 would be really helpful if we could use
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00204-00042991-00043102 the opposite
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00205-00043103-00043287 and the hypotenuse to do that since we
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00206-00043288-00043471 know the opposite value and we know the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00207-00043472-00043615 hypotenuse value
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00208-00043616-00043879 so what trig function uses opposite and
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00209-00043880-00043983 hypotenuse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00210-00043984-00044279 well sine uses opposite and hypotenuse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00211-00044280-00044367 so let's set up
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00212-00044368-00044639 sine alpha equals opposite over
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00213-00044640-00044799 hypotenuse that's 6
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00214-00044800-00045135 14. and now we should be able to
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00215-00045136-00045430 solve for alpha we need to use an
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00216-00045431-00045518 inverse sine
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00217-00045519-00045830 on both sides so inverse sine on the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00218-00045831-00045983 left hand side
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00219-00045984-00046343 and inverse sine on the right hand side
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00220-00046344-00046502 we'll drop in the original equation
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00221-00046503-00046686 that's inverse sine of
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00222-00046687-00047007 sine alpha and inverse sine of 6
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00223-00047008-00047318 14 which leaves us with alpha
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00224-00047319-00047639 equals inverse sine of 6
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00225-00047640-00047918 14. i'm going to switch back to degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00226-00047919-00047958 since
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00227-00047959-00048167 i like to see the angles on a triangle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00228-00048168-00048286 in degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00229-00048287-00048567 so let's go back to desmos and switch to
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00230-00048568-00048662 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00231-00048663-00049135 and do inverse sine of 6 divided by 14.
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00232-00049136-00049479 this gives us an angle of 25.376
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00233-00049480-00049807 or 25.38
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00234-00049808-00050262 degrees and knowing that alpha is 25.38
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00235-00050263-00050415 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00236-00050416-00050639 we could actually find the other angle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00237-00050640-00050858 of the triangle since we could say
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00238-00050859-00051230 180 degrees minus 90 degrees that's the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00239-00051232-00051342 right angle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00240-00051344-00051646 minus 25.38 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00241-00051647-00051879 that's the angle we just found and the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00242-00051879-00052046 result of that would be the angle we
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00243-00052047-00052166 don't know
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00244-00052167-00052742 so that would be 64.62
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00245-00052744-00053415 degrees so alpha is 25.38 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00246-00053416-00054023 and the missing angle is 64.62 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00247-00054024-00054319 now i'd like you to try one so solve for
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00248-00054320-00054479 the indicated angle in the right
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00249-00054479-00054719 triangle below that would be angle beta
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00250-00054720-00054903 make sure to indicate whether the angle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00251-00054904-00055111 is in degrees or radians
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00252-00055112-00055342 let me describe the triangle we have a
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00253-00055344-00055535 vertical side a horizontal side and a
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00254-00055536-00055623 hypotenuse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00255-00055624-00055982 of 15. the vertical side is length 10
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00256-00055983-00056287 the horizontal side is unknown
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00257-00056288-00056535 beta is the angle between 10 the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00258-00056536-00056647 vertical side
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00259-00056648-00056942 and 15 the hypotenuse pause the video
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00260-00056944-00057599 and give this a try
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00261-00057600-00057815 okay we're back let's see how you did
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00262-00057816-00057959 the first thing i'm going to do
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00263-00057960-00058271 is label my sides relative to the angle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00264-00058272-00058375 beta
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00265-00058376-00058711 so the side opposite beta is that base
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00266-00058712-00058942 and i'm going to call that b the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00267-00058944-00059126 hypotenuse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00268-00059127-00059463 is 15 and the adjacent side
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00269-00059464-00059782 to b is 10. it would be really helpful
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00270-00059783-00059919 if we could use
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00271-00059920-00060263 15 and the 10 to solve for the angle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00272-00060264-00060430 so that means we need a trig function
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00273-00060432-00060711 that uses hypotenuse and adjacent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00274-00060712-00060926 which would be a cosine function so
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00275-00060927-00061023 cosine
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00276-00061024-00061342 of beta would be given by adjacent over
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00277-00061344-00061487 hypotenuse which is 10
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00278-00061488-00061823 over 15. now how do i find beta
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00279-00061824-00062038 i need to take an inverse cosine on both
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00280-00062039-00062159 sides so i'll take
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00281-00062160-00062463 inverse cosine of something on the left
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00282-00062464-00062750 and inverse cosine of something on the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00283-00062751-00062830 right
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00284-00062832-00063063 dropping into the sum things i'll put
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00285-00063064-00063326 inverse cosine of cosine beta
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00286-00063327-00063703 on the left and inverse cosine of 10 15
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00287-00063704-00063959 on the right so beta should be the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00288-00063960-00064119 inverse cosine
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00289-00064120-00064494 of 10 15. let's jump over to desmos and
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00290-00064495-00064623 see what that gives us
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00291-00064624-00064926 i'm still in degrees so i do inverse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00292-00064927-00065006 cosine
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00293-00065007-00065647 of 10 15 which gives me 48.189 or 48.19
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00294-00065648-00065743 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00295-00065744-00065991 so now we know what beta is if we had to
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00296-00065992-00066167 find the other missing angle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00297-00066168-00066567 we could subtract 90 and 48.19 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00298-00066568-00066863 from 180 degrees one more problem for
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00299-00066864-00066967 you to try
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00300-00066968-00067143 i want to see if you can find all the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00301-00067144-00067294 missing sides and
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00302-00067295-00067503 missing angles in the right triangle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00303-00067504-00067703 below so this time we have a right
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00304-00067704-00067855 triangle where the right
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00305-00067856-00068159 angle is in the top of the triangle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00306-00068160-00068455 so there's a base opposite that with a
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00307-00068456-00068511 left
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00308-00068512-00068711 angle and a right angle the left angle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00309-00068712-00068935 of the triangle is alpha
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00310-00068936-00069294 opposite of alpha is 50 the right
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00311-00069295-00069567 most angle on the triangle is beta and
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00312-00069568-00069782 the side opposite that is 60.
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00313-00069783-00070023 the hypotenuse the base of the triangle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00314-00070024-00070150 is unknown
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00315-00070151-00070335 pause this video and give this problem a
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00316-00070336-00070935 try
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00317-00070936-00071206 okay we're back let's go ahead and label
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00318-00071207-00071431 this triangle with some relationships
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00319-00071432-00071647 first of all the side opposite the right
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00320-00071648-00071823 angle is the hypotenuse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00321-00071824-00071982 and it'll be the hypotenuse whether
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00322-00071983-00072150 we're talking about angle a or
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00323-00072151-00072406 angle b so let's call that hypotenuse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00324-00072407-00072575 side c
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00325-00072576-00072855 now we can actually find side c quite
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00326-00072856-00073111 easily by using the pythagorean theorem
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00327-00073112-00073326 because we know that a squared plus b
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00328-00073327-00073471 squared equals c squared
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00329-00073472-00073591 i'm going to wait to do that for a
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00330-00073592-00073750 little while but just know we can do
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00331-00073751-00073871 that when we get towards the end of the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00332-00073872-00073967 problem
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00333-00073968-00074262 i'm going to look for angle alpha first
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00334-00074263-00074438 and that's just an arbitrary choice i
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00335-00074439-00074575 could use either angle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00336-00074576-00074862 alpha or angle beta but whichever angle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00337-00074863-00075062 you use i would highlight it so that you
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00338-00075063-00075150 can then
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00339-00075151-00075350 label the relationships appropriate to
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00340-00075351-00075462 that angle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00341-00075463-00075887 for angle alpha 50 is the opposite side
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00342-00075888-00076247 and 60 is the adjacent side if you were
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00343-00076248-00076526 using angle beta for your relationships
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00344-00076527-00076719 then those two would be reversed which
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00345-00076720-00076862 is why it's important to know which
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00346-00076863-00076999 angle is the reference
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00347-00077000-00077326 for your definitions if i want to find
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00348-00077327-00077526 angle alpha it would be helpful if i
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00349-00077527-00077638 could use
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00350-00077639-00077894 50 which is the opposite side and 60
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00351-00077895-00078079 which is the adjacent side and which
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00352-00078080-00078359 trig function uses opposite and adjacent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00353-00078360-00078606 tangent uses opposite and adjacent so
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00354-00078607-00078838 i'm going to set up tangent of alpha
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00355-00078839-00079231 equals 50 over 60 that's the opposite
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00356-00079232-00079391 over the adjacent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00357-00079392-00079582 and to solve for alpha i would do an
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00358-00079583-00079782 inverse tangent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00359-00079783-00080031 of something on the left and an inverse
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00360-00080032-00080167 tangent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00361-00080168-00080438 of something on the right something on
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00362-00080439-00080519 the left is
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00363-00080520-00080806 tangent alpha and the something on the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00364-00080807-00080855 right
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00365-00080856-00081206 is 50 60. so now i have
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00366-00081207-00081550 alpha equals inverse tangent of
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00367-00081551-00081879 50 over 60. let's go ahead and find that
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00368-00081880-00081999 in desmos
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00369-00082000-00082406 i'm still in degrees so inverse tangent
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00370-00082407-00082967 of 50 divided by 60 gives me 39.805 or
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00371-00082968-00083038 39
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00372-00083039-00083387 point well let's just leave it that
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00373-00083388-00083823 39.8055 would round to 39.806
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00374-00083824-00084335 so alpha equals 39.88
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00375-00084336-00084599 degrees and let me go ahead and find
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00376-00084600-00084694 beta now
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00377-00084695-00084999 beta would be 180
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00378-00085000-00085403 minus 90 for the right angle minus
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00379-00085404-00085575 39.806
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00380-00085576-00086150 which is going to be 50.194
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00381-00086151-00086471 degrees so now i have the two angles all
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00382-00086472-00086535 i'm missing
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00383-00086536-00086743 is the last side and remember we can
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00384-00086744-00086862 find that last side
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00385-00086863-00087206 using the pythagorean theorem so 50
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00386-00087207-00087582 squared plus 60 squared should equal
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00387-00087583-00087943 c squared so that would be let's go over
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00388-00087944-00088038 to desmos
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00389-00088039-00088447 and find 50 squared plus 60 squared
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00390-00088448-00088831 which is 6100 so 6100
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00391-00088832-00089103 equals c squared we'll take a square
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00392-00089104-00089262 root on both sides
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00393-00089263-00089750 so c equals the square root of 6100
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00394-00089751-00089879 and i'm sure we can find an
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00395-00089880-00090318 approximation for that which is 78.102
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00396-00090319-00090591 so now we have all the sides and all the
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00397-00090592-00090655 angles
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00398-00090656-00090838 of the triangle i'm going to go ahead
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00399-00090839-00091023 and highlight those or circle those to
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00400-00091024-00091159 make them obvious
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00401-00091160-00091591 angle alpha was 39.806 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00402-00091592-00092031 angle beta was 50.194 degrees and
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00403-00092032-00092438 side c was 78.102 degrees
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00404-00092439-00092599 i don't need to actually label them all
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00405-00092600-00092782 in the triangle as long as the triangle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00406-00092783-00092982 has the labels that match these so i
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00407-00092983-00093079 have labeled c
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00408-00093080-00093303 on the triangle and alpha and beta are
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00409-00093304-00093479 also labeled on the triangle
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00410-00093480-00093671 by the way we call this solving a
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00411-00093672-00093847 triangle when we find all the missing
+JNBWGGSf4cE-00412-00093848-00094183 sides and all the missing angles
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00000-00000052-00000375 ari Jenn Haugen Schmitt December 22nd
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00001-00000376-00000786 1900 Utrecht March 17th 1977 Pasadena
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00002-00000787-00001092 California was a Dutch chemist he is
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00003-00001093-00001260 best known for linking the smog in
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00004-00001261-00001460 Southern California to automobiles and
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00005-00001461-00001638 is therefore known by many as the father
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00006-00001639-00001989 of air pollution control after serving
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00007-00001989-00002178 as an original board member of the motor
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00008-00002179-00002397 vehicle Pollution Control Board formed
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00009-00002398-00002676 in 1960 to combat the smog dr. Hagen
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00010-00002677-00002850 Schmitt became the California Air
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00011-00002851-00003167 Resources Board first chairman in 1968
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00012-00003168-00003438 shortly before his death of lung cancer
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00013-00003439-00003645 the Air Resources Board Zell Monta
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00014-00003646-00004200 laboratory was named after him
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00015-00004201-00004619 education
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00016-00004620-00004913 Haagen Schmitt was born December 22nd
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00017-00004914-00005084 nineteen hundred in the Dutch city of
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00018-00005085-00005354 Utrecht his father worked as a chemist
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00019-00005355-00005603 at the Dutch mint Hagen Schmitt attended
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00020-00005604-00005822 the rij Kay's hunger burger school in
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00021-00005823-00006062 Utrecht he graduated from the University
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00022-00006063-00006386 of Utrecht in 1922 with a major in
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00023-00006387-00006569 organic chemistry and a minor in
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00024-00006570-00006865 mathematics he earned his MA degree in
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00025-00006866-00007348 1926 and PhD in 1929 his work was unter
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00026-00007350-00007634 peens a hydrocarbon found in plants his
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00027-00007634-00007921 dissertation is titled investigations in
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00028-00007922-00008272 the field of sesqui terpenes
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00029-00008273-00008452 you
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00030-00008453-00009005 topic academic career
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00031-00009006-00009245 he stayed at the University of Utrecht
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00032-00009246-00009674 from 1929 to 1935 as chief assistant he
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00033-00009675-00009845 became an expert in plant derived
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00034-00009846-00010109 chemicals particularly auxins a hormone
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00035-00010110-00010358 he was invited to lecture at Harvard
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00036-00010359-00010727 University in 1936 by Kenneth Thurman he
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00037-00010728-00010937 was appointed as associate professor by
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00038-00010938-00011162 California Institute of Technology in
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00039-00011163-00011477 1937 by Thomas Hunt Morgan and professor
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00040-00011478-00011795 in 1940 becoming one of the Dutch mafia
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00041-00011796-00012134 at Caltech another member of the Mafia
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00042-00012135-00012403 was fritz warm old went hagen Schmitt
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00043-00012404-00012668 studied the flavor of pineapples he
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00044-00012669-00012866 published a paper jointly with two other
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00045-00012866-00013085 scientists on tramatic acid a wound
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00046-00013086-00013369 healing hormone in science in 1939 he
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00047-00013370-00013571 was the director of the plant
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00048-00013572-00013733 environmental laboratory at the
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00049-00013734-00013972 California Institute of Technology from
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00050-00013972-00014566 1965 to 1971
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00051-00014568-00015038 topic air pollution fighter
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00052-00015040-00015328 he started his air pollution research in
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00053-00015329-00015616 1948 when Southern California residents
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00054-00015616-00015799 suffered stinging eyes and respiratory
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00055-00015800-00016069 irritation from smog his original
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00056-00016069-00016255 interest stemmed from damage to crop
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00057-00016256-00016438 plant smog was causing in the Los
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00058-00016439-00016647 Angeles basin and he had received many
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00059-00016648-00016828 requests from government agencies to
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00060-00016829-00017092 investigate air pollution using
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00061-00017093-00017280 techniques originally developed in his
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00062-00017281-00017488 work on the biosynthesis of essential
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00063-00017489-00017686 oils Hagen Smits showed that smog
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00064-00017687-00017889 primarily resulted from a photochemical
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00065-00017890-00018072 reaction of the unburned hydrocarbons
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00066-00018073-00018322 ozone and nitrogen oxides from
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00067-00018323-00018538 automobile exhaust and industrial fuel
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00068-00018539-00018822 combustion after a representative of the
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00069-00018823-00018997 Stanford Research Institute which was
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00070-00018998-00019194 funded by the oil industry went to
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00071-00019195-00019417 Caltech and attempted to discredit Hagen
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00072-00019418-00019618 Smith's findings Hagen Schmitt increased
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00073-00019619-00019914 his research efforts by the mid-1950s
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00074-00019915-00020130 the connection between automobiles and
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00075-00020131-00020331 smog in Los Angeles became widely
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00076-00020332-00020637 accepted in scientific circles Hagen
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00077-00020638-00020821 Schmitt worked with Arnold Beckman who
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00078-00020822-00020986 developed various equipment for
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00079-00020987-00021228 monitoring smog Hagen Smits research led
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00080-00021229-00021411 the automobile industry to install
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00081-00021412-00021646 positive crankcase ventilation the first
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00082-00021647-00021961 vehicle emissions control system in 1961
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00083-00021962-00022305 in 1968 Hagen Schmitt was appointed the
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00084-00022306-00022497 first chairman of the California Air
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00085-00022498-00022677 Resources Board by Ronald Reagan
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00086-00022678-00023178 California's governor at the time
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00087-00023179-00023744 topic honors
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00088-00023745-00024007 19:47 night order of orange-nassau of
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00089-00024008-00024373 the netherlands 1954 tyskie award of
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00090-00024374-00024799 American Chemical Society 1964 Talman
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00091-00024800-00025213 award of American Chemical Society 1969
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00092-00025214-00025408 Hodgkin's Medal of the Smithsonian
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00093-00025409-00025797 Institution 1973 National Medal of
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00094-00025798-00025993 Science physical sciences of the united
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00095-00025994-00026431 states of america 1974 tyler prize for
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00096-00026432-00026814 environmental achievement 1974 Elliott
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00097-00026816-00027094 Cresson medal he was also the recipient
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00098-00027095-00027358 of the rhineland award he was a fellow
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00099-00027358-00027577 of the New York Academy of Sciences and
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00100-00027577-00027763 the Royal Academy of Sciences of the
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00101-00027764-00028014 Netherlands trustee of the American
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00102-00028016-00028420 Chemical Society 1977 On January 3rd the
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00103-00028420-00028633 existing California Air Resources Board
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00104-00028633-00028900 laboratory in El Montay California was
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00105-00028901-00029179 dedicated to dr. Huggins MIT it is
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00106-00029180-00029410 called the Hodgins MIT laboratory topic
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00107-00029411-00029652 family in 1930 he married petronella
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00108-00029654-00029929 Francina Pennings they had a son
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00109-00029930-00030145 jan-willem Adrianna's who was born only
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00110-00030145-00030358 three months before petronella died in
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00111-00030358-00030829 1933 On June 10th 1935 he married Maria
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00112-00030830-00031093 Zi use Wilhelmina bloomers a graduate
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00113-00031094-00031288 student of botany in the University of
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00114-00031289-00031567 Utrecht they had three daughters Maria
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00115-00031568-00031865 van Pelt Maria Daniel and Joanne Demers
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00116-00031866-00032158 topic references topic external links
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00117-00032158-00032467 Hagen Schmitt Z use Maria Cohen Shirley
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00118-00032468-00032980 K March 16th and 20 mm Z use Maria Hagen
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00119-00032981-00033286 Schmitt 1910 to 2006 interviewed by
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00120-00033287-00033690 Shirley K Cohen PDF Pasadena California
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00121-00033691-00033915 oral history project California
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00122-00033916-00034219 Institute of Technology archives Bonner
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00123-00034220-00034715 James 1989 re Jan Hagen Schmitt 1902
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00124-00034716-00035170 1977 a biographical memoir PDF National
+JOuhAEJDMZ8-00125-00035171-00035497 Academy of Sciences
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00000-00000438-00000682 good afternoon everyone and welcome to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00001-00000683-00000911 this webinar offered by the European
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00002-00000911-00001157 school education platform the European
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00003-00001158-00001319 commission's platform for school
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00004-00001320-00001589 education in Europe my name is Marta and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00005-00001590-00001876 I will be your host for today just a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00006-00001877-00002057 practical information before we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00007-00002058-00002326 officially start the webinar is recorded
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00008-00002327-00002483 and the recording might be used for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00009-00002484-00002765 dissemination purposes and if you have
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00010-00002766-00002999 questions comments codes feel free to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00011-00003000-00003238 post them in the chat
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00012-00003239-00003490 so the focus for today is using
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00013-00003492-00003683 artificial intelligence to support
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00014-00003684-00004025 teaching and learning in schools we will
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00015-00004026-00004343 explore together this topic by examining
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00016-00004344-00004522 a set of brand new guidelines for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00017-00004523-00004715 teachers about the use of artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00018-00004716-00004997 intelligence in schools followed by more
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00019-00004998-00005243 General exploration of the potential
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00020-00005244-00005465 impact of artificial intelligence in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00021-00005466-00005818 school and concrete examples of what
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00022-00005819-00006106 teachers can do in school
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00023-00006107-00006359 for the first part it's my pleasure now
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00024-00006360-00006784 to invite on Virtual stage Maria guduma
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00025-00006786-00007031 from the European commission she has
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00026-00007031-00007228 been working on designing implementation
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00027-00007229-00007537 of the digital education action plan
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00028-00007538-00007828 2021-2027 leading action stick on
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00029-00007829-00008014 emerging Technologies artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00030-00008015-00008333 intelligence and data among other tasks
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00031-00008334-00008614 she is also a cyber security Ambassador
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00032-00008615-00008878 for DG education youth sport and culture
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00033-00008879-00009095 and a member of numeral sustaining
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00034-00009096-00009383 committees and advisory reports thank
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00035-00009384-00009587 you very much Maria for being with us
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00036-00009588-00009905 today the floor is yours
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00037-00009906-00010091 thank you very much for the invitation
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00038-00010092-00010331 and the opportunity to present the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00039-00010332-00010541 guidelines that were published just
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00040-00010542-00010835 yesterday I will share my screen if
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00041-00010836-00011656 that's okay with you yes absolutely
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00042-00011657-00011855 okay is it visible
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00043-00011856-00012088 yeah you only need to put it in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00044-00012089-00012277 presentation mode perfect
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00045-00012278-00012527 now we see I think in the second okay
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00046-00012528-00012760 that's great yes Lord is yours okay
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00047-00012761-00013001 perfect thank you very much thank you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00048-00013002-00013199 very much for actually attending this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00049-00013200-00013511 event today we are very happy to present
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00050-00013512-00013901 uh the first ever ethical guidelines on
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00051-00013902-00014188 the use of artificial intelligence and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00052-00014190-00014638 data in education uh developed by the EU
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00053-00014640-00014999 along with a group of experts that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00054-00015000-00015438 assisted Us in covering this wide topic
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00055-00015440-00015761 uh just to begin with a little bit I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00056-00015762-00015935 would like to discuss about AI in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00057-00015936-00016036 general
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00058-00016037-00016325 most of you will probably know that AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00059-00016326-00016553 is already in our lives it is here to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00060-00016554-00016841 stay maybe we don't really know it every
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00061-00016842-00017147 day but AI is being used in numerous
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00062-00017148-00017344 systems for example when you go through
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00063-00017345-00017608 an airport with facial recognition or
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00064-00017609-00017807 when you play on a Duolingo device
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00065-00017808-00018179 learning a new language or it is also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00066-00018180-00018443 used in hospitals for medical purposes
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00067-00018444-00018661 just to give you some examples
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00068-00018662-00019079 evidently AI is here to stay so a basic
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00069-00019080-00019258 challenge for us and a basic question
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00070-00019259-00019661 was how can we use AI in education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00071-00019662-00020014 in a safe and also practical manner that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00072-00020015-00020249 would have a lot of benefits and will
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00073-00020250-00020447 create even more opportunities for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00074-00020448-00020675 teachers and students that was the main
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00075-00020676-00020927 incentive coming out from a real life
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00076-00020928-00021185 observation we realized the potential
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00077-00021186-00021508 and we also realized that AI is part of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00078-00021509-00021839 a digital ecosystem a digital world and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00079-00021840-00022085 we need to embrace it therefore we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00080-00022086-00022391 started developing these guidelines in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00081-00022392-00022672 order to assist teachers students but
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00082-00022673-00022919 every interesting party and stakeholder
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00083-00022920-00023189 in understanding artificial intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00084-00023190-00023591 in educational settings a little better
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00085-00023592-00023830 so if we have a look a little bit at
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00086-00023831-00024100 what Ai and data in education really
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00087-00024101-00024478 mean it means that you can have more
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00088-00024479-00024749 resources in your teaching and these
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00089-00024750-00024935 resources can be more useful and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00090-00024936-00025247 targeted to the specific needs of each
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00091-00025248-00025469 individual in your audience your
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00092-00025470-00025571 students
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00093-00025572-00025828 you can also use some technologies that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00094-00025829-00026075 will learn over time from your habits
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00095-00026076-00026314 and your responses they will be adaptive
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00096-00026316-00026561 and responsive and will help you grow
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00097-00026562-00026705 even more
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00098-00026706-00026968 you can also use dashboards to guide
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00099-00026969-00027196 Learners through their learning or
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00100-00027197-00027508 prepare individualized interventions
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00101-00027510-00027718 apart from that you can also do more
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00102-00027719-00027989 administrative let's say tasks like
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00103-00027989-00028324 score essays faster but also more
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00104-00028325-00028618 accurately or you can use chat Bots to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00105-00028619-00028864 help your students get immediate
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00106-00028866-00029129 feedback on specific questions that they
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00107-00029130-00029224 might have
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00108-00029225-00029527 I could do exactly number a lot of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00109-00029527-00029831 applications of AI and data in school
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00110-00029832-00030107 but as you can understand there are a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00111-00030108-00030539 lot of ways to use data in school in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00112-00030539-00030767 general what we wanted to do
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00113-00030768-00031061 is to start exploring all this data that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00114-00031062-00031318 are collected used and processed in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00115-00031319-00031529 education these data are called
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00116-00031530-00031895 educational data so we would like not
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00117-00031895-00032195 only to find out what this data are and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00118-00032195-00032440 what they include but how can we use
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00119-00032441-00032771 them in a smart manner to assist us
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00120-00032772-00033101 teachers and staff to use this data
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00121-00033102-00033317 effectively so that we can improve our
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00122-00033318-00033539 teaching and our learning for our
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00123-00033540-00033802 students that was always the main goal
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00124-00033803-00034145 and the main vision of using AI schools
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00125-00034146-00034396 so as you can see it's actually a very
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00126-00034397-00034637 good intention and a very interesting
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00127-00034638-00034721 one
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00128-00034722-00034912 and of course we didn't start from
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00129-00034913-00035189 scratch we already knew that there are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00130-00035190-00035465 some projects funded by Erasmus Plus and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00131-00035466-00035717 digital Europe that tackled the issue of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00132-00035718-00035981 AI schools were already interested
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00133-00035982-00036305 gradually in implementing AI projects at
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00134-00036306-00036496 school so they started applying for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00135-00036497-00036767 funding at the European commission we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00136-00036768-00037001 also created and updated the digital
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00137-00037002-00037283 competencies framework that includes all
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00138-00037284-00037511 competencies digital competencies that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00139-00037512-00037799 people could have in this new century we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00140-00037800-00038033 are living in and we also included
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00141-00038034-00038255 artificial intelligence and data
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00142-00038256-00038471 management in this digital competencies
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00143-00038472-00038729 framework as we know that these are also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00144-00038730-00038849 very important
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00145-00038850-00039124 we also learned from various initiatives
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00146-00039125-00039395 on AI and data by other International
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00147-00039396-00039893 organizations oecd UNESCO UNICEF are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00148-00039894-00040121 also working and have a strong interest
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00149-00040122-00040451 in how AI is used in education so we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00150-00040452-00040540 discussed with this International
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00151-00040541-00040805 organizations we've discuss with member
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00152-00040806-00041135 states that are also using or showing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00153-00041136-00041452 interested in using Ai and all of us
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00154-00041453-00041765 together tried to align with some EU
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00155-00041766-00042029 initiatives that already exists in the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00156-00042030-00042167 field of AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00157-00042168-00042509 some years ago in 2019 the European
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00158-00042510-00042749 commission already developed ethical
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00159-00042750-00043096 guidelines for trustworthy AI that was
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00160-00043097-00043271 done some years ago
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00161-00043272-00043559 and from this guidelines we also had an
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00162-00043560-00043846 assessment list for trustworthy AI this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00163-00043847-00044002 is called al-time
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00164-00044003-00044267 currently along with these guidelines in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00165-00044268-00044495 the assessment list the commission has
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00166-00044496-00044812 also proposed an AI act that will create
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00167-00044813-00045089 a legal framework around the use of AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00168-00045090-00045389 in every possible setting including of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00169-00045390-00045545 course education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00170-00045546-00045823 and then of course we have the data act
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00171-00045824-00046145 that mentions how we should tackle data
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00172-00046146-00046373 I think that many of you might already
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00173-00046374-00046685 be familiar with the gdpr with which
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00174-00046686-00046943 talks about privacy and how to tackle
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00175-00046944-00047243 data in various settings the data Act is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00176-00047244-00047496 a holistic approach on data management
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00177-00047497-00047729 and of course we have the European
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00178-00047730-00048071 declaration and many other documents and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00179-00048072-00048305 policies and initiatives that support
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00180-00048306-00048677 this ecosystem around AI so as you can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00181-00048678-00048851 see we didn't really start from scratch
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00182-00048852-00049090 there was a background there was also a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00183-00049091-00049415 huge interest and a growing demand for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00184-00049416-00049702 tackle AI in education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00185-00049703-00049943 so let's see a little bit about the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00186-00049944-00050135 ethical guidelines and how they are used
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00187-00050136-00050518 in teaching and learning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00188-00050519-00050818 start with we really think that when we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00189-00050819-00051090 use Ai and data in education properly
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00190-00051091-00051490 this means that we can also Define the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00191-00051491-00051754 educational purposes of our targeted
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00192-00051755-00052073 lessons of our targeted plans and how to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00193-00052074-00052354 proceed with teaching and learning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00194-00052355-00052565 these guidelines can actually help you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00195-00052566-00052841 understand how to incorporate Ai and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00196-00052841-00053069 data in these plans you are preparing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00197-00053070-00053399 these educational purposes you have the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00198-00053400-00053669 guidelines can also can also help help
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00199-00053670-00053938 you focus a little bit on some ethical
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00200-00053939-00054215 considerations we realize that many
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00201-00054216-00054461 teachers many parents or even students
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00202-00054462-00054899 might be concerned of on this explosion
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00203-00054900-00055265 of data used in education so these
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00204-00055266-00055499 guidelines actually try to help you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00205-00055500-00055709 understand some ethical considerations
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00206-00055710-00056015 and help you tackle them in the best
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00207-00056016-00056176 possible manner
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00208-00056177-00056411 we are also providing some guiding
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00209-00056412-00056680 examples on how to have a constructive
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00210-00056682-00057125 dialogue on AI systems ethical use we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00211-00057126-00057365 try to help you start the dialogue with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00212-00057366-00057569 various stakeholders like the other
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00213-00057570-00057803 teachers maybe your Headmasters or
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00214-00057804-00058103 School leaders parents associations and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00215-00058104-00058354 other stakeholders would really like to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00216-00058355-00058541 invite you to engage in a conversation
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00217-00058541-00058816 with all of the stakeholders on how to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00218-00058817-00059194 use AI in education in a practical but
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00219-00059195-00059471 also an ethical manner and last but not
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00220-00059472-00059638 least we would also like to help
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00221-00059639-00059897 especially teachers to develop their
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00222-00059898-00060082 competencies their digital companies
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00223-00060083-00060400 competencies in this specific field of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00224-00060401-00060563 AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00225-00060564-00060815 I will just show you some examples of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00226-00060816-00061042 what is included in the guidelines so
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00227-00061044-00061307 that you can understand more about these
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00228-00061308-00061630 chapters before that very briefly I will
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00229-00061632-00061859 tell you that we consulted a lot of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00230-00061860-00062044 stakeholders why we were actually
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00231-00062045-00062326 preparing these guidelines we started in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00232-00062327-00062663 June 2021 with creating an expert group
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00233-00062664-00063053 on AI composed of 26 people including
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00234-00063054-00063479 academics teachers ngos private sector
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00235-00063479-00063797 but also International organizations so
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00236-00063798-00064025 for about a year these people were
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00237-00064026-00064354 starting to explore how Ai and data is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00238-00064355-00064613 used in education they created the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00239-00064614-00064882 background report on the topic and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00240-00064883-00065111 starting from this report we all
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00241-00065112-00065303 together in the commission with this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00242-00065304-00065519 expert group started developing the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00243-00065520-00065663 ethical guidelines
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00244-00065664-00065921 in between of course we wanted to ask
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00245-00065922-00066173 the opinion of the teachers as you are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00246-00066174-00066503 our main audience and we expect you to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00247-00066504-00066767 use gradually these guidelines so we had
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00248-00066768-00066971 a lot of consultations and workshops
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00249-00066972-00067235 with e-training primary and secondary
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00250-00067236-00067499 schools many teachers joined this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00251-00067500-00067763 e-twinning workshops in February and we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00252-00067764-00068003 also launched across the European Union
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00253-00068004-00068279 and an online school survey to ask you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00254-00068280-00068525 some specific questions on what would
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00255-00068526-00068831 you expect to read in these guidelines
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00256-00068832-00069082 and of course we also consulted the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00257-00069083-00069329 Delta working group which is a working
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00258-00069330-00069659 group consisting of Ministries across
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00259-00069660-00069941 the EU member states and mostly
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00260-00069942-00070115 ministries of Education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00261-00070116-00070337 so after Consulting all these
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00262-00070338-00070613 stakeholders and doing a very thorough
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00263-00070614-00070997 background research on AI and data in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00264-00070998-00071303 education we started drafting the final
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00265-00071304-00071567 guidelines that were approved on June
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00266-00071568-00071932 14. as of then the guidelines gradually
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00267-00071933-00072238 were prepared and we also prepared the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00268-00072239-00072515 factset and infographic to accompany the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00269-00072516-00072617 guidelines
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00270-00072618-00072853 can give you some faster information
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00271-00072854-00073193 just to mention here that today the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00272-00073194-00073403 guidelines are published in English
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00273-00073404-00073799 French German and Bulgarian by the end
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00274-00073800-00074038 of November they will be available in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00275-00074039-00074332 all European Union languages so that you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00276-00074333-00074537 can use it in your own language and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00277-00074538-00074938 don't have the need for a translation
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00278-00074939-00075203 now let's see a little bit what is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00279-00075204-00075419 included in the guidelines
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00280-00075420-00075617 in the guidelines we start with some
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00281-00075618-00075844 examples on how to use Ai and data in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00282-00075845-00075976 education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00283-00075977-00076259 we identified four main categories of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00284-00076260-00076600 how to use Ain data in education we use
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00285-00076601-00076871 them to teach our students
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00286-00076872-00077206 we use them to support the learning of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00287-00077207-00077567 our students we also use them to support
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00288-00077568-00077699 teachers
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00289-00077700-00078023 or to support Diagnostic and system-wide
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00290-00078024-00078305 planning I will explain in a minute what
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00291-00078306-00078479 these four categories include with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00292-00078480-00078641 concrete examples
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00293-00078642-00079025 about for these examples we also listed
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00294-00079026-00079294 a number of ethical considerations and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00295-00079295-00079511 requirements that you need to have in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00296-00079512-00079811 mind even before you start using Ai and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00297-00079812-00080099 data in education or before you start a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00298-00080100-00080356 project that employs AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00299-00080357-00080597 so that is a set
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00300-00080598-00080873 of rules a set of ethical considerations
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00301-00080874-00081197 that you can reflect on and then decide
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00302-00081198-00081461 the best possible system and also plan
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00303-00081462-00081869 the best possible way to create and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00304-00081870-00082049 implement the project
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00305-00082050-00082247 these ethical considerations are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00306-00082248-00082511 followed by guiding questions these
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00307-00082512-00082726 guiding questions will actually help you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00308-00082727-00083021 start a dialogue with the community that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00309-00083022-00083273 you are working with to discuss if you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00310-00083274-00083603 need AI in education on which of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00311-00083604-00083862 four categories you find it more useful
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00312-00083863-00084250 what sort of systems you may select in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00313-00084251-00084617 order to use AI in any of the categories
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00314-00084618-00084881 and so on this guiding questions will
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00315-00084882-00085079 help you have an honest and transparent
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00316-00085080-00085300 dialogue with the stakeholders so that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00317-00085301-00085594 you can have and make the best and most
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00318-00085595-00086044 informed decisions about AI in schools
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00319-00086045-00086273 and then of course we also discuss a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00320-00086274-00086549 little bit about emerging competencies
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00321-00086550-00087041 in this um area as you know 30 years ago
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00322-00087042-00087275 almost none of us was using a computer
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00323-00087276-00087623 but gradually we developed some skills
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00324-00087624-00087869 first they were more basic gradually
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00325-00087870-00088109 they became more advanced or they became
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00326-00088110-00088325 more specialized in specific software
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00327-00088326-00088667 and so on as Ai and data are entering
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00328-00088668-00089062 our everyday lives we need to gain new
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00329-00089063-00089338 competencies emerging competencies which
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00330-00089339-00089609 we also tackle in these guidelines and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00331-00089610-00089903 of course to help everyone speak the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00332-00089904-00090088 same language and understand the same
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00333-00090089-00090323 thing we have also created a glossary of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00334-00090324-00090635 terms that is applied to education this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00335-00090636-00090850 glossary will help everyone in a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00336-00090851-00091115 discussion in a community to understand
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00337-00091116-00091306 the same thing when they are talking
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00338-00091307-00091475 about specific things
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00339-00091476-00091667 and of course as we mentioned in the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00340-00091668-00091955 beginning we connect all this to the EU
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00341-00091956-00092273 policy on AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00342-00092274-00092544 so let's have a look at some
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00343-00092545-00092849 stakeholders these guidelines are mainly
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00344-00092850-00093029 targeted for primary and secondary
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00345-00093030-00093425 education teachers okay active staff in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00346-00093426-00093688 school however many of the categories
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00347-00093689-00093917 identified here have also an
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00348-00093918-00094193 administrative aspect which can apply to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00349-00094194-00094505 educational staff in formal education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00350-00094506-00094768 of course apart from this very let's say
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00351-00094769-00095087 obvious and anticipated stakeholders we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00352-00095088-00095309 can also discuss about the students or
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00353-00095310-00095561 the parents they will receive the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00354-00095562-00095849 benefits let's say of using AI in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00355-00095850-00096088 education but they are also stakeholders
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00356-00096089-00096365 that can find the guidelines quite
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00357-00096366-00096532 useful because they will help them
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00358-00096533-00096875 clarify a lot of Concepts misconceptions
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00359-00096876-00097168 and so on and of course these guidelines
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00360-00097169-00097456 can also help policy makers in making
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00361-00097457-00097667 best decisions especially on a national
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00362-00097668-00097799 level
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00363-00097800-00098093 to help every member states decide how
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00364-00098094-00098332 they want to use AI in education and how
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00365-00098333-00098573 to approach their planning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00366-00098574-00098861 now how to make best use of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00367-00098862-00099082 guidelines the guidelines as I said
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00368-00099083-00099293 identifying examples they raise
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00369-00099294-00099553 awareness they have questions
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00370-00099554-00099923 competences and use cases
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00371-00099924-00100223 let's have a look at this use cases
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00372-00100224-00100511 when we discuss about Ai and the fact
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00373-00100512-00100667 that it helps
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00374-00100668-00100955 student teaching we need to have a look
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00375-00100956-00101188 at some examples for example student
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00376-00101189-00101573 teaching is aided when we use language
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00377-00101574-00101855 learning applications many of you might
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00378-00101856-00102024 be familiar with language applications
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00379-00102025-00102484 that in which you actually solve some
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00380-00102485-00102760 puzzles or do some tasks and then the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00381-00102761-00103049 system identifies your level if you are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00382-00103050-00103258 a sole beginner it actually gives you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00383-00103259-00103475 easier questions if you're a more
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00384-00103476-00103732 advanced user it starts gradually to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00385-00103733-00103960 give you more difficult questions this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00386-00103961-00104297 is a smart AI system that can help you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00387-00104298-00104489 learn a language more efficiently
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00388-00104490-00104734 likewise we can have tutoring systems
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00389-00104735-00104921 that are based on dialogue or
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00390-00104922-00105136 intelligent tutoring systems that for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00391-00105138-00105436 example identify an area where you might
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00392-00105438-00105671 lack some Knowledge and Skills and they
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00393-00105672-00105857 highlight it to you so that you can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00394-00105858-00106175 study or Focus or practice more on a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00395-00106176-00106397 specific field that you need to train a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00396-00106398-00106499 little bit
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00397-00106500-00106727 likewise when we talk about student
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00398-00106728-00106858 supporting
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00399-00106859-00107219 many of you might already have seen this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00400-00107220-00107452 3D representations for example there is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00401-00107453-00107671 a 3D representation of the human body
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00402-00107672-00107999 and the professor the teacher along with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00403-00108000-00108281 his students can actually remove some
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00404-00108282-00108539 organs and play around a little bit so
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00405-00108540-00108784 that people students can learn more
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00406-00108785-00109054 about the human body virtual reality and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00407-00109055-00109234 3D representations is quite something
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00408-00109235-00109552 quite familiar I think to many teachers
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00409-00109553-00109834 already this is exploratory learning and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00410-00109835-00110033 of course we have the formatting writing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00411-00110033-00110225 assessments many of you have probably
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00412-00110226-00110465 used online quizzes that are quite smart
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00413-00110466-00110590 and they give you the results
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00414-00110591-00110843 immediately with feedback on what you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00415-00110844-00111095 did wrong or even they give you links on
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00416-00111096-00111358 what to study further to improve your
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00417-00111359-00111473 performance
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00418-00111474-00111707 and of course we also have ai supported
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00419-00111708-00111947 Collaborative Learning which for example
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00420-00111948-00112319 can help and help a teacher group the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00421-00112320-00112558 students according to their level or
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00422-00112559-00112775 according to their needs the AI system
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00423-00112776-00113057 identifies the needs and the level of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00424-00113058-00113284 the student and then pairs them or
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00425-00113285-00113483 groups them accordingly
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00426-00113483-00113704 in teacher supporting I think that the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00427-00113705-00113833 most usual
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00428-00113833-00114352 use case of AI is essay scoring AI can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00429-00114353-00114586 identify problem in learning and they
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00430-00114588-00114766 can give you targeted feedback these
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00431-00114767-00115066 systems likewise it's quite regular
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00432-00115067-00115402 let's say common these days to use AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00433-00115403-00115643 systems for form monitoring
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00434-00115644-00115949 in that case the system actually
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00435-00115950-00116249 monitors forums and identifies some
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00436-00116250-00116483 areas of concern judging from the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00437-00116483-00116789 writings of the student for example if a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00438-00116790-00116981 student in the Forum mentions that he's
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00439-00116982-00117245 having difficulty in a topic the AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00440-00117246-00117478 system identifies this and notifies the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00441-00117479-00117677 teacher so that he can take some further
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00442-00117678-00117881 action and assist the student
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00443-00117882-00118097 and of course we have system supporting
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00444-00118098-00118313 which is another example of how to use
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00445-00118314-00118697 AI in education I would say that the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00446-00118698-00118865 first one has to do with resource
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00447-00118866-00119152 allocation like grouping students the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00448-00119153-00119345 other one has to do with diagnosing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00449-00119346-00119633 learning difficulties or guidance
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00450-00119633-00119939 Services one example that I find very
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00451-00119940-00120227 common these days has to do with an
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00452-00120228-00120473 administrative system that identifies
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00453-00120474-00120743 the absences of students when they are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00454-00120744-00120995 out of school and then it matches it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00455-00120996-00121265 with the topic the lesson the teacher
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00456-00121266-00121528 taught on that day so the system can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00457-00121529-00121843 tell the teacher that his student a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00458-00121844-00122275 missed this lesson which included
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00459-00122276-00122597 Concepts A and B so the teacher should
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00460-00122598-00122801 reinforce the student
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00461-00122802-00123131 by giving him exercises and tasks on the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00462-00123132-00123323 topics that the student missed because
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00463-00123324-00123593 of an absence this is all about system
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00464-00123594-00123910 supporting which is quite useful I would
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00465-00123911-00124060 say
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00466-00124061-00124336 of course when we use all these systems
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00467-00124338-00124540 we also need to discuss a little bit
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00468-00124541-00124793 about the ethical News Human agencies
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00469-00124794-00125069 how you actually use the tool do you use
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00470-00125070-00125434 it in a good or a bad manner do you use
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00471-00125435-00125716 it for the benefit or for punishment of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00472-00125717-00125986 students for example also do you use do
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00473-00125988-00126389 you use it to a tool in a fair manner is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00474-00126390-00126701 it a Justified Choice why you use tool a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00475-00126702-00126958 and not to be all these considerations
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00476-00126959-00127225 along with many others that include
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00477-00127226-00127513 transparency non-discrimination
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00478-00127514-00127966 accountability privacy and data concerns
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00479-00127967-00128225 are also tackled in the guidelines and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00480-00128226-00128477 you can read more about them and also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00481-00128478-00128723 find some guiding questions that will
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00482-00128724-00129028 help you understand if the system you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00483-00129029-00129227 have selected the tool you have selected
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00484-00129228-00129466 is the best possible for the occasion
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00485-00129467-00129754 you want to use it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00486-00129755-00129971 let's have a look for example
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00487-00129972-00130258 in the example of the scoring essays
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00488-00130259-00130607 using automated tools you can use an AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00489-00130608-00130823 tool to assess
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00490-00130824-00131123 your students written assignments of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00491-00131124-00131273 course you should also have the ethical
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00492-00131274-00131513 considerations in mind so you should
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00493-00131514-00131854 respect the privacy of your student you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00494-00131855-00132025 should also make sure that the system
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00495-00132026-00132383 evaluates this assignment assess it in a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00496-00132384-00132581 proper manner there is no bias and no
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00497-00132582-00132845 discrimination all of these are tackled
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00498-00132846-00133001 in the guidelines and are explained
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00499-00133002-00133145 quite thoroughly
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00500-00133146-00133397 along with the scoring essays which is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00501-00133398-00133690 just an example you can also have these
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00502-00133691-00133961 questions like for example are there
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00503-00133962-00134273 procedures to ensure that AI use will
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00504-00134274-00134459 not lead to discrimination
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00505-00134460-00134651 you have to check the procedure that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00506-00134652-00134969 you're going to use when you have a tool
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00507-00134970-00135209 you can also ask yourself who is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00508-00135210-00135461 responsible for the ongoing monitoring
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00509-00135462-00135749 of the results not an AI system produces
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00510-00135750-00136025 who is responsible on how these results
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00511-00136026-00136390 are used and how they are used
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00512-00136391-00136631 or for example you can also ask yourself
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00513-00136632-00136978 itself reflect a little bit on how
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00514-00136979-00137213 teachers and school leaders understand
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00515-00137214-00137566 the way you're using AI tools do they
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00516-00137567-00137795 sell your opinion that these tools are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00517-00137796-00138066 useful or not useful if you conclude
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00518-00138067-00138395 that they are not useful do you have an
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00519-00138396-00138611 open dialogue with all the stakeholders
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00520-00138612-00138790 so that everyone feels really
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00521-00138791-00139073 comfortable with the AI tools these are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00522-00139074-00139271 just some of the questions and the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00523-00139272-00139501 scenarios that you can ask yourself
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00524-00139502-00139751 likewise when you use adaptive learning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00525-00139752-00140093 Technologies to define or adapt a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00526-00140094-00140321 learner's ability these considerations
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00527-00140322-00140525 especially for non-discrimination should
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00528-00140526-00140783 also be taken in mind
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00529-00140784-00141059 of course we can continue with more
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00530-00141060-00141328 questions like this these are all just
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00531-00141329-00141551 some examples all the material will be
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00532-00141552-00141899 available to you after this webinar so
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00533-00141900-00142175 how to get involved the guidelines give
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00534-00142176-00142378 you some examples of how to get involved
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00535-00142379-00142673 and plan for Effective use of AI and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00536-00142674-00142990 data in school how to review the AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00537-00142991-00143314 systems how to start a policy or a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00538-00143315-00143554 procedure in your school on how to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00539-00143555-00143914 select and use an AI system you may even
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00540-00143915-00144161 carry out a pilot the guidelines will
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00541-00144162-00144425 help you do that or you can find out
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00542-00144426-00144635 ways to collaborate with stakeholders
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00543-00144636-00144977 and monitor the AI systems we would also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00544-00144978-00145204 like to urge you to raise awareness and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00545-00145205-00145451 Community engagement to start discussing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00546-00145452-00145687 with your colleagues with your head
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00547-00145688-00145966 Masters and school leaders even with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00548-00145967-00146225 your parents start discussing about AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00549-00146226-00146549 because AI is here to stay so it's best
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00550-00146550-00146807 that we try to understand it and use it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00551-00146808-00147137 to our benefit and of course in terms of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00552-00147138-00147328 professional development you can also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00553-00147329-00147575 consider the emerging competencies for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00554-00147576-00147869 the ethical use of AI and data you may
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00555-00147870-00148061 also consult the digital competencies
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00556-00148062-00148366 framework the new version 2.2 and learn
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00557-00148367-00148589 more about that as well
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00558-00148590-00148835 so if you're interested to know more
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00559-00148836-00149051 about it you can actually get in touch
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00560-00149052-00149369 through our email and digital education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00561-00149370-00149740 you can use this QR code or visit the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00562-00149741-00149969 website the website is digital education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00563-00149970-00150251 action plan and it's action 6. you can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00564-00150252-00150587 visit this and find out more about the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00565-00150588-00150851 guidelines the guidelines the executive
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00566-00150852-00151066 summary of the report the infographic
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00567-00151067-00151319 and the fact sheet are all available on
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00568-00151320-00151493 this website of the digital education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00569-00151494-00151775 action plan and we are here to help you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00570-00151776-00152021 understand the guidelines so get in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00571-00152022-00152273 touch with us if necessary
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00572-00152274-00152561 thank you thank you thank you very much
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00573-00152562-00152957 Maria for presenting the guidelines so
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00574-00152958-00153226 that as you said uh you published just
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00575-00153227-00153490 yesterday I'm sure they they are great
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00576-00153491-00153713 at the value and can become a point of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00577-00153714-00153899 reference for all teachers who who
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00578-00153900-00154073 approach the use of artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00579-00154074-00154426 intelligence and as you pointed out I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00580-00154427-00154666 think parents may be above all maybe
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00581-00154667-00154990 worried by the amount of data shared and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00582-00154991-00155176 certainly the existence of some
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00583-00155177-00155476 guidelines that are accessible to to all
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00584-00155477-00155735 can be a useful to to clarify sound
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00585-00155736-00156107 doubts and and concerns and also as you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00586-00156108-00156395 said artificial intelligence is entering
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00587-00156396-00156628 our lives and therefore we must acquire
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00588-00156629-00156923 skills to to be able to to manage it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00589-00156924-00157025 better
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00590-00157026-00157337 at our best I would say but there seems
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00591-00157338-00157547 to be a lot of things to learn
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00592-00157548-00157859 so uh a question would be what do you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00593-00157860-00158057 think could be the first concrete step
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00594-00158058-00158387 for a teacher to take and how to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00595-00158388-00158645 approach the the reading and application
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00596-00158646-00158921 then of of these guidelines
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00597-00158922-00159114 thank you very much for this question
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00598-00159115-00159364 honestly this is something I pointed out
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00599-00159365-00159785 a lot I would start by having a dialogue
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00600-00159786-00160031 an open and transparent dialogue with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00601-00160032-00160343 the stakeholders if not all at once I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00602-00160344-00160516 will start with the colleagues and the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00603-00160517-00160781 Headmaster an open dialogue that needs
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00604-00160782-00160966 to be informed I think that the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00605-00160967-00161302 guidelines can help anyone interested to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00606-00161303-00161621 steer a conversation and not just have a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00607-00161622-00161843 dialogue without a specific and concrete
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00608-00161844-00162095 agenda so the guidelines can help you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00609-00162096-00162431 start and die the guidelines can help
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00610-00162432-00162652 you start a dialogue that is very
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00611-00162653-00163001 targeted it has specific topics and then
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00612-00163002-00163175 you can extend it to the rest of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00613-00163176-00163439 stakeholders for example the parents or
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00614-00163440-00163661 depending on the type of school and the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00615-00163662-00163847 country the discussion is taking place
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00616-00163848-00164278 in with policy makers the the step where
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00617-00164279-00164590 you select the actual tool comes quite
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00618-00164591-00164866 later I would say first you have a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00619-00164867-00165052 dialogue then you you need to organize
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00620-00165053-00165352 and plan a little bit on how you're
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00621-00165353-00165563 going to use AI for which of the four
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00622-00165564-00165859 categories and then start piloting
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00623-00165860-00166199 gradually some of the AI applications
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00624-00166200-00166631 before you go all deep in AI so I would
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00625-00166632-00166840 probably start like this with a dialogue
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00626-00166841-00167231 than a careful planning and then with a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00627-00167232-00167423 selection of specific tools it comes
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00628-00167424-00167759 much later
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00629-00167760-00167989 thank you thank you very much Maria
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00630-00167990-00168299 and once again thank you for inviting
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00631-00168300-00168485 for for being with us today for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00632-00168486-00168857 accepting our our invitation and I would
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00633-00168858-00169126 invite you to stay with us for the rest
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00634-00169127-00169433 of the time and take a look at the chat
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00635-00169434-00169787 as well so in case some questions so it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00636-00169788-00170009 comes a bit later you you can respond
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00637-00170010-00170231 directly in the chat thank you thank you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00638-00170232-00170364 very much
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00639-00170365-00170651 I will start sharing all the links to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00640-00170652-00170783 the guidelines and everything that's
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00641-00170784-00170999 absolutely great and respond to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00642-00171000-00171166 questions thank you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00643-00171167-00171340 thank you that's absolutely great
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00644-00171341-00171521 because I saw that many people were
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00645-00171522-00171839 asking for for the links indeed
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00646-00171840-00171983 so
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00647-00171984-00172235 um moving forward I would like now to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00648-00172236-00172607 invite Marco Neves on our virtual stage
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00649-00172608-00172804 Marco is an expert in artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00650-00172805-00173063 intelligence indication consultant and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00651-00173064-00173297 digital education for the second year
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00652-00173298-00173561 organization professor of computer
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00653-00173562-00173825 science and coordinator of educational
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00654-00173826-00174163 projects and also CEO of interact ideas
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00655-00174164-00174461 Marco thank you very much for being with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00656-00174462-00174725 us today and the floor is yours I think
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00657-00174726-00175066 you can upload your presentation
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00658-00175067-00175373 um yes I I will do it uh first of all I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00659-00175374-00175493 just want to thank you for the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00660-00175494-00175690 invitation it's really a great pleasure
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00661-00175691-00175954 to be here with you discussing such a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00662-00175955-00176171 pertinent and critical thematic for for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00663-00176172-00176440 Education not only for education but in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00664-00176441-00176681 in the scope of this webinar related
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00665-00176682-00177023 with occasion and I also would like to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00666-00177024-00177233 congratulate all the ones that were
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00667-00177234-00177521 involved in producing such an important
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00668-00177522-00177916 and pertinent report related with one of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00669-00177917-00178240 the most sensible topics of of AI and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00670-00178241-00178493 and of course all the the the expert
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00671-00178494-00178751 group that produce
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00672-00178752-00179057 um a guide that I think all the teachers
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00673-00179058-00179237 and everybody that is involved in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00674-00179238-00179501 education should take take a look and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00675-00179502-00179747 and read because it is very important in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00676-00179748-00179951 in terms of integrate AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00677-00179952-00180826 clean location so I will share my screen
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00678-00180827-00181259 okay I think we can see it okay so the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00679-00181260-00181631 the the the the scope of of my
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00680-00181632-00181823 presentation will focus on AI and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00681-00181824-00182026 education of course
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00682-00182027-00182309 but uh somehow in line uh with the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00683-00182310-00182537 presentation of Maria related with the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00684-00182538-00182843 the ethical guidelines for AI education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00685-00182844-00183238 and consider that uh AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00686-00183239-00183563 um should be an opportunity uh for all I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00687-00183564-00183814 will drive you during my presentation
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00688-00183815-00184085 first uh I will talk a little bit about
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00689-00184086-00184421 the Thematic of artificial intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00690-00184422-00184775 in a wireless scope and then
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00691-00184776-00185075 um I will focus on AI and education and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00692-00185076-00185381 also give some examples of some tools
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00693-00185382-00185537 and some platforms
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00694-00185538-00185735 that can be used
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00695-00185736-00186023 um in the classroom or in education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00696-00186024-00186197 using AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00697-00186198-00186485 um some of the contents that I will use
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00698-00186486-00186731 for my presentation they were generated
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00699-00186732-00187043 by AI algorithms this first two image as
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00700-00187044-00187337 you can see here they were generated by
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00701-00187338-00187601 a system is called The Journey where you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00702-00187602-00187919 can give a prompt and it generates an
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00703-00187920-00188326 image and my prompt was basically about
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00704-00188327-00188602 AI being an opportunity for for all
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00705-00188603-00188909 humans and be used for good and that was
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00706-00188910-00189383 was the result I would like to to start
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00707-00189384-00189599 with an answer I think that the times
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00708-00189600-00189757 what you are leaving are very complex
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00709-00189758-00190049 also for for education and also in the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00710-00190050-00190169 thematic
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00711-00190170-00190516 of artificial intelligence and this is a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00712-00190517-00190913 question from iandrish and is asking if
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00713-00190914-00191261 in 15 years from now will be there be a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00714-00191262-00191525 human or a robot teaching
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00715-00191526-00191897 um and the the where we should focus on
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00716-00191898-00192233 that and the rephrase in terms of of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00717-00192234-00192557 question is more about the combination
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00718-00192558-00193007 of human and artificial intelligence in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00719-00193008-00193181 the way that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00720-00193182-00193535 um we can deliver the best learning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00721-00193536-00193871 opportunities to our students drive it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00722-00193872-00194243 by the best uh protocol pedagogicals and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00723-00194244-00194459 of course in terms of teaching the only
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00724-00194460-00194740 question here on this slide is I I think
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00725-00194741-00195113 we don't have 15 50 years to reflect
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00726-00195114-00195316 this is something that we should start
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00727-00195317-00195676 discussing right now and looking about
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00728-00195677-00195988 the best opportunities that we can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00729-00195989-00196319 develop and of course we can offer to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00730-00196320-00196661 our students but um I would like to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00731-00196662-00196914 start by
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00732-00196915-00197219 demystify artificial intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00733-00197220-00197563 because a lot of people look at
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00734-00197564-00197801 artificial intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00735-00197802-00197995 um we don't know
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00736-00197996-00198454 what is clear Ai and sometimes around
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00737-00198455-00198881 these submits are built around the topic
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00738-00198882-00199109 of artificial intelligence and I would
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00739-00199110-00199385 like to focus mainly in in three points
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00740-00199386-00199643 in trying to demystify artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00741-00199644-00199799 intelligence because
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00742-00199800-00200116 I think that is very important and in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00743-00200117-00200428 the way that we look at Ai Ai and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00744-00200429-00200783 education Ai and Society AI in every
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00745-00200784-00201052 organ fields of our lives and I will
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00746-00201053-00201245 start with with the first one and I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00747-00201246-00201502 would like to ask you if you think that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00748-00201503-00201743 AI is something new this is something
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00749-00201744-00201959 because the last years we have been
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00750-00201960-00202199 talking a lot about AI we have been
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00751-00202200-00202493 talking more and more about AI as Maria
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00752-00202494-00202840 was saying AI is here to stay and will
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00753-00202841-00203249 impact a lot our lives but it's
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00754-00203250-00203507 important for us to know that AI is not
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00755-00203508-00203728 something new I'm just presenting here
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00756-00203729-00204076 three dates there is more that are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00757-00204077-00204359 important in the history of AI the first
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00758-00204360-00204823 one is 1950 it was when Alan Turing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00759-00204823-00205229 wrote an amazing paper where he for the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00760-00205230-00205469 first time posed a question about if
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00761-00205469-00205769 machines can think and this is a crucial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00762-00205769-00206116 moment and in in the beginning of of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00763-00206117-00206496 starting of of AI the second one is 90
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00764-00206498-00206992 56 it was the time of the Darth Maus
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00765-00206994-00207071 um
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00766-00207071-00207394 conference where a group of experts from
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00767-00207396-00207712 different fields uh work around the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00768-00207713-00207994 Thematic of artificial intelligence and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00769-00207996-00208348 the the the term artificial intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00770-00208350-00208564 was defined by John McCarthy for the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00771-00208565-00208888 first time then if we come closer to our
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00772-00208889-00209471 time we have 2012 it was one of the new
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00773-00209471-00209765 waves of artificial intelligence and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00774-00209766-00210053 mainly support in some particular areas
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00775-00210054-00210244 of technological development in in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00776-00210246-00210455 artificial intelligence such as machine
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00777-00210456-00210784 learning and also neural networks and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00778-00210785-00211127 here we are today okay facing all the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00779-00211128-00211379 challenge all the opportunities but also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00780-00211380-00211667 the concerns that we have related with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00781-00211667-00211913 artificial Intel so the first myth is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00782-00211914-00212206 that AI is not something new the second
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00783-00212207-00212519 one is when we look at Ai and what AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00784-00212519-00212879 can do and mainly do to the press and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00785-00212880-00213155 all the best there is around they Ai and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00786-00213156-00213503 a lot of hype also is sometimes we could
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00787-00213504-00213934 consider AI as something magic but AI is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00788-00213935-00214169 just a technology AI is just something
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00789-00214169-00214398 that came from from science
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00790-00214400-00214798 in other moments of our history we have
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00791-00214800-00215051 other developments such as fire
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00792-00215052-00215555 electricity radio that at the first
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00793-00215556-00215848 impression is that it was something like
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00794-00215850-00216215 like magic but once we understand it one
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00795-00216216-00216515 that once we know what it means one once
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00796-00216516-00216898 we know what are their impacts we just
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00797-00216900-00216989 came
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00798-00216990-00217277 um in the environment that is just part
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00799-00217278-00217601 of our life and we use it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00800-00217602-00217901 um in in a normal way in in our day
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00801-00217902-00218321 lives another myth is related with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00802-00218321-00218537 intelligence and this is the most
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00803-00218538-00218884 critical one and most of the discussion
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00804-00218885-00219053 around this is because we call it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00805-00219054-00219382 artificial intelligence and the question
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00806-00219383-00219881 is is AI by any possibility really
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00807-00219882-00220246 intelligent in my opinion no and that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00808-00220248-00220492 depends on on the lots of considerations
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00809-00220494-00220973 that depends also mainly in the the way
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00810-00220973-00221284 that we Define and difficulty that we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00811-00221285-00221560 have to Define what is uh intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00812-00221561-00221860 and in that particular I just would like
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00813-00221861-00222251 to share with you just to see also as we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00814-00222252-00222610 humans we evolve in the terms of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00815-00222611-00222827 defining intelligence so I will just
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00816-00222828-00223098 share three brief
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00817-00223100-00223384 definitions of intelligence this is from
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00818-00223385-00223841 90 12 so it's mainly based on high Q is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00819-00223842-00224110 about intelligence conscience and this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00820-00224111-00224458 was for a long long time even apply in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00821-00224459-00224717 terms of of schools and in policies
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00822-00224717-00225244 related with education then in 1983 we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00823-00225246-00225551 have what we uh
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00824-00225552-00225767 are aware about the multiple
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00825-00225767-00226013 intelligence from from Gardner and we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00826-00226014-00226325 clear start to understand there is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00827-00226326-00226594 different intelligence in in the way
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00828-00226596-00226805 that we address these questions of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00829-00226806-00227063 intelligence and in the last years and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00830-00227064-00227434 of course taking a look about
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00831-00227435-00227596 um the history of artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00832-00227598-00228065 intelligence is what some experts call
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00833-00228066-00228431 the last exclusivity of the humankind so
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00834-00228432-00228689 we have a lot of things that we consider
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00835-00228690-00229048 as the unique ones related with this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00836-00229050-00229325 aspects such as being in the center of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00837-00229326-00229660 the universe such as
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00838-00229661-00230071 um being in in the world as by some kind
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00839-00230071-00230334 of a special
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00840-00230335-00230644 artifacts just the the way that we look
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00841-00230646-00230848 above conscience and unconscience and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00842-00230850-00231046 the last one is about intelligence and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00843-00231048-00231365 nowadays we starting talk about the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00844-00231366-00231598 question of intelligence not only for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00845-00231600-00231929 the humans but with agents that have the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00846-00231930-00232253 ability in the different environments to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00847-00232254-00232534 achieve goals that we consider there was
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00848-00232535-00232853 neat human intelligence and to perform
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00849-00232854-00233021 but
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00850-00233021-00233389 if we just go a little bit more around
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00851-00233390-00233723 the artificial intelligence what I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00852-00233723-00233808 normally
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00853-00233809-00234142 affirm is that what is artificial is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00854-00234144-00234358 unlike to be intelligent and what is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00855-00234359-00234629 intelligent isn't like to be artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00856-00234630-00234905 but because nowadays we have these
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00857-00234906-00235223 misconceptions about intelligence mixing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00858-00235223-00235415 the what we call the digital
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00859-00235416-00235660 intelligence or the syntax intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00860-00235661-00235967 and we read a lot on on the press that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00861-00235967-00236242 AI is trying to mimic human intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00862-00236244-00236603 sometimes this brings to the discussion
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00863-00236604-00237013 and to the the the debate some
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00864-00237014-00237298 confusions that are created around this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00865-00237300-00237737 and it's also very interesting this this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00866-00237738-00238223 um sentence from melishon is he he says
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00867-00238223-00238451 that artificial in artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00868-00238452-00238858 intelligence is real but even given this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00869-00238859-00239141 perspective that we have to be aware
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00870-00239142-00239410 about the needs related with artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00871-00239411-00239665 intelligence about using
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00872-00239666-00239987 intelligence or intelligent to call that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00873-00239988-00240341 to a platform or to a tool what we also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00874-00240342-00240694 know is that artificial intelligence is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00875-00240696-00240971 really powerful as a technology
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00876-00240971-00241289 and once it's really powerful is also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00877-00241290-00241642 very transformative and is also causing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00878-00241644-00241991 disruption and by causing disruption as
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00879-00241992-00242351 a lot of impact in our lives in I ever
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00880-00242352-00242694 aspects of our life social economical
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00881-00242696-00243042 cultural uh ethical
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00882-00243044-00243442 geopolitical and we also need to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00883-00243444-00243606 understand
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00884-00243607-00243946 that sometimes in the history of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00885-00243948-00244192 humankind we have what we call general
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00886-00244194-00244582 purpose technology and AI just like
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00887-00244583-00244810 electricity is a general purpose
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00888-00244811-00245081 technology and why because it's not just
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00889-00245082-00245434 impact a particular aspect of Our Lives
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00890-00245435-00245765 is in fact in general is a macro
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00891-00245766-00246029 technology that is in fact almost
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00892-00246030-00246173 everything
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00893-00246173-00246334 and giving
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00894-00246335-00246610 um this this structure or this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00895-00246611-00246803 understanding related with artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00896-00246804-00246923 intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00897-00246923-00247241 is also important to have a definition
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00898-00247242-00247492 for artificial intelligence and once
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00899-00247494-00247631 again this is something that is not
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00900-00247632-00247889 really easy and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00901-00247890-00248101 giving the the the the the the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00902-00248102-00248381 developments and the very very fast pace
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00903-00248382-00248639 of transforming in terms of artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00904-00248640-00248884 intelligence is not easy to to have a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00905-00248885-00249137 clear definition but I will just give
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00906-00249138-00249406 you two and for you to have an
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00907-00249407-00249689 understanding in terms of both the first
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00908-00249690-00250006 one is for one of the fathers of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00909-00250007-00250163 artificial intelligence called John
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00910-00250164-00250510 McCarthy is when it was one of the the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00911-00250511-00250834 members of the Daft mouth uh conference
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00912-00250835-00251267 in in 1956 and simply
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00913-00251267-00251471 we Define as the science and the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00914-00251471-00251705 engineering of making intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00915-00251706-00251927 machines but what are intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00916-00251928-00252232 machines what is intelligence how we can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00917-00252233-00252563 apply it but if we come a little bit
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00918-00252564-00252706 more um
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00919-00252707-00253198 close to today we start redefining the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00920-00253200-00253463 the definition for artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00921-00253464-00253721 intelligence and what we have here that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00922-00253721-00254008 we know is AI systems are algorithms
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00923-00254009-00254344 models okay they are able to develop
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00924-00254346-00254758 some cognitive perceptual functions and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00925-00254759-00254992 some of these functions are thinking
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00926-00254994-00255346 judging raising human and and so on so
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00927-00255348-00255569 it's for us just to have this clear
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00928-00255569-00255791 understand in terms of artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00929-00255792-00255977 intelligence and another thing that I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00930-00255978-00256319 consider that is also important once we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00931-00256319-00256901 need to develop uh AI literacy
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00932-00256902-00257141 um once AI is impacting so much our
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00933-00257142-00257381 lives and we and we need to educate the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00934-00257382-00257644 the young ones for so they have a clear
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00935-00257646-00257801 perspective when we are talking about
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00936-00257802-00258041 artificial intelligence is also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00937-00258042-00258317 important to know that artificial uh
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00938-00258317-00258665 intelligence uh have different uh fields
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00939-00258666-00258869 of technical development what we call
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00940-00258869-00259163 paradigms okay and and some of them
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00941-00259164-00259444 along the history of of artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00942-00259446-00259558 intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00943-00259559-00259973 will use more than than others and in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00944-00259973-00260292 the beginning was mainly logic basic
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00945-00260294-00260698 systems and nowadays we are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00946-00260700-00260987 the technical development is more in the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00947-00260988-00261173 statistical
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00948-00261173-00261592 um frame and mainly on machine learning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00949-00261594-00261892 and neural networks but but this is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00950-00261894-00262169 important in terms of of the the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00951-00262170-00262415 discussion in the way that we address
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00952-00262416-00262691 these topics and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00953-00262692-00263105 also clear important and I really like
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00954-00263106-00263303 to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00955-00263304-00263471 um
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00956-00263472-00263867 I liked these questions is that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00957-00263868-00264208 artificial intelligence is a technology
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00958-00264209-00264532 called challenge but the technological
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00959-00264533-00264851 challenge is the less important of all
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00960-00264852-00265030 the challenge that we have already with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00961-00265031-00265373 artificial intelligence is also a social
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00962-00265374-00265763 challenge economic geopolitical
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00963-00265764-00266182 ecological ethical but mainly a human
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00964-00266183-00266410 Challenge and that's the way that we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00965-00266411-00266675 have to address human challenge is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00966-00266676-00266932 mainly through education and we cannot
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00967-00266933-00267227 forget this as I was saying to you in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00968-00267228-00267551 the need of developing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00969-00267552-00267934 um Ai and acquiring AI literacy
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00970-00267935-00268277 is only through education that we we can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00971-00268278-00268445 achieve it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00972-00268446-00268715 um once I I have this this this this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00973-00268716-00268865 framework
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00974-00268866-00269213 so in terms of understand I would like
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00975-00269214-00269525 to now focus more in the field of AI and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00976-00269526-00269819 education and and particular and it's
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00977-00269820-00270269 not only about AI he's also about data
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00978-00270270-00270695 we know that data is uh everywhere if we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00979-00270696-00270971 look at the classroom we cannot see all
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00980-00270972-00271253 the data that is Flowing inside of a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00981-00271254-00271456 classroom doesn't have to be the formal
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00982-00271457-00271769 uh um space of learning the classroom
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00983-00271770-00271973 could be outside of the classroom could
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00984-00271974-00272303 be anywhere but mainly Focus here on on
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00985-00272304-00272705 the classroom we have a cloud of data
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00986-00272706-00273073 that is is Flowing uh we use a lot about
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00987-00273074-00273508 digital platforms digital device we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00988-00273509-00273749 always connected our students are always
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00989-00273750-00274019 connected and all the interactions that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00990-00274020-00274180 we have with these systems they are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00991-00274181-00274517 producing data and they are large
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00992-00274518-00274769 amounts of data when we humans we have
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00993-00274770-00274997 some limitations in terms of processing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00994-00274998-00275237 this data that's why we need artificial
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00995-00275238-00275567 intelligence to be able to deal with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00996-00275568-00275939 such uh big amounts of data to find
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00997-00275940-00276221 patterns on on that data to help us make
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00998-00276222-00276421 decision
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-00999-00276422-00276810 concerning that data and this is in the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01000-00276811-00277156 educational environment
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01001-00277157-00277534 and before I go in in in some examples
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01002-00277535-00277895 and Define the different fields of AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01003-00277896-00278206 and education I would like just to go to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01004-00278207-00278621 some let's call it provocations related
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01005-00278622-00278813 with the times in education that we are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01006-00278814-00279113 leaving living linked with with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01007-00279114-00279323 artificial intelligence
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01008-00279324-00279389 um
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01009-00279390-00279880 uh uh I I sometimes uh say that we are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01010-00279881-00280289 living in the age of smart agents
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01011-00280290-00280534 and we are surrounded by dumb
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01012-00280535-00280834 Educational Systems but when I mentioned
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01013-00280835-00281201 dumb is not on the literal uh sense of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01014-00281202-00281429 of them is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01015-00281430-00281687 that we are not able to have Educational
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01016-00281688-00282034 Systems that this Educational Systems
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01017-00282035-00282601 can provide the opportunities to we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01018-00282602-00282977 enhance the potential of each of our
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01019-00282978-00283291 students so is is mainly a fit for all
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01020-00283292-00283621 and giving that we have a technology
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01021-00283622-00284051 that is properly used we can somehow
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01022-00284052-00284495 trying to tackle this this issue by
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01023-00284496-00284747 having also Educational Systems that are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01024-00284748-00285175 able to adapt to particular needs of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01025-00285176-00285484 institutions but mainly in terms of of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01026-00285485-00285760 the students but another important thing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01027-00285761-00286187 also related with AI and education
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01028-00286188-00286649 is that we must guarantee that Ai and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01029-00286650-00287051 education should be open box and not a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01030-00287052-00287315 black box and what we are I I mean
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01031-00287316-00287543 related with this this is related in the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01032-00287544-00287867 way that the technical
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01033-00287868-00288215 um aspects of AI are using today and we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01034-00288216-00288455 are mainly talk about neural networks
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01035-00288456-00288797 and what happens inside that the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01036-00288798-00289169 decisions that are made using all the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01037-00289170-00289451 data that is collected we cannot clear
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01038-00289452-00289841 understand how the decision was made and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01039-00289842-00290105 in in in in this particular we cannot
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01040-00290106-00290243 give
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01041-00290244-00290513 the leadership in terms of the learning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01042-00290514-00290825 process because learning is more than
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01043-00290826-00291055 anything a social
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01044-00291056-00291473 interaction to an AI algorithm just take
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01045-00291474-00291784 the decisions instead of as humans
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01046-00291785-00292163 instead of the teachers that's why that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01047-00292164-00292403 AI for Education platforms and tools
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01048-00292404-00292703 that are developed they should be
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01049-00292704-00293099 as the open box and not as a black box
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01050-00293100-00293303 another thing that is very important
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01051-00293304-00293567 that I'm I'm really critical concerning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01052-00293568-00293860 the integration of AI in education in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01053-00293861-00294197 the teaching and learning process is if
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01054-00294198-00294625 we are using AI to support outdated
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01055-00294626-00295043 pedagogical models if you are using AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01056-00295044-00295517 keep doing the things that we have do in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01057-00295518-00295823 terms of Education not to make a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01058-00295824-00296123 difference is better not to use AI Wayne
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01059-00296124-00296380 owns one of the great experts on the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01060-00296381-00296687 field of AI and education we call it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01061-00296688-00297130 automate poor pedagogical practice so AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01062-00297131-00297401 should not be used for that we have to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01063-00297402-00297755 find a way where we're using AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01064-00297756-00297991 to promote
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01065-00297992-00298271 learning environments where you can work
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01066-00298272-00298456 through collaboration we can promote the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01067-00298457-00298823 creativity of of our students the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01068-00298824-00298979 different interactions with the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01069-00298980-00299219 supporting of the systems and not to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01070-00299220-00299608 automate the education taking the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01071-00299609-00300023 teacher out of of the process and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01072-00300024-00300256 this is is is a critical question
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01073-00300257-00300515 because uh sometimes we take a look
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01074-00300516-00300779 about the the platforms and and the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01075-00300780-00301043 tools and they are focused what they
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01076-00301044-00301337 call personalize the learning and what
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01077-00301338-00301547 they do is individualize the learning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01078-00301548-00301751 and we don't want systems that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01079-00301752-00301925 individualize the learning we want
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01080-00301926-00302260 systems that support us as as teachers
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01081-00302261-00302543 as Educators in creating the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01082-00302544-00302717 opportunities
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01083-00302718-00302945 link it with the critical competences
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01084-00302946-00303313 that we identify that our students need
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01085-00303314-00303527 given this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01086-00303528-00303605 um
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01087-00303606-00303880 intersection related with AI and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01088-00303881-00304180 education I will would like to share
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01089-00304181-00304589 where and how AI fits an education and I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01090-00304590-00305021 will focus on four different containers
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01091-00305022-00305117 um
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01092-00305118-00305467 they have been defined along the the the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01093-00305468-00305758 research and investigation related with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01094-00305759-00306119 AI and education these four ones they
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01095-00306120-00306467 are automation uh in the last in the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01096-00306468-00306737 preliminary report of the Council of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01097-00306738-00306982 Europe related with AI and education and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01098-00306983-00307199 they are mainly these ones one is about
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01099-00307200-00307493 learning with AI Maria uh also uh
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01100-00307494-00307691 mentioned this is about teaching facing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01101-00307692-00307980 tools to support the teaching process
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01102-00307981-00308219 learner-facing tools to support learning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01103-00308220-00308458 and of course also for the system facing
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01104-00308459-00308639 tools I will give you some examples in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01105-00308640-00308860 the next slides related to this another
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01106-00308861-00309179 field of AI education is learning for AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01107-00309180-00309499 and this is mainly related
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01108-00309500-00309767 with developing the knowledge and the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01109-00309768-00310008 skills in how AI impacts the different
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01110-00310009-00310408 components of our life so it's important
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01111-00310409-00310834 also to focus that our students and of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01112-00310835-00311021 course we need to to train and to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01113-00311022-00311243 prepare the teachers for this to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01114-00311244-00311543 understand what is AI and also to build
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01115-00311544-00311873 with AI taking uh in consideration the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01116-00311874-00312180 human and and Tech
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01117-00312181-00312629 sites of of this uh issue another one is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01118-00312630-00312893 learning about AI so it's about reading
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01119-00312894-00313193 the conditions curricular and Dynamics
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01120-00313194-00313571 so the students can explore
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01121-00313572-00313997 the different fields of of of AI and how
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01122-00313998-00314417 they can use it in in terms of social
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01123-00314418-00314789 economical cultural impact and also AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01124-00314790-00315065 transforming society and the four
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01125-00315066-00315347 container is learning about learn is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01126-00315348-00315551 about all the data that is produced by
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01127-00315552-00315827 these interactions in terms of using the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01128-00315828-00315995 teaching facing tools the learning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01129-00315996-00316253 facing facing tools related with big
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01130-00316254-00316589 data learning analytics the data-driven
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01131-00316590-00316841 decisions the system level as Resource
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01132-00316842-00317182 Management so is very another important
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01133-00317183-00317543 area of that but what I can see that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01134-00317544-00317915 that is also critical because we we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01135-00317916-00318167 see a lot about the first container
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01136-00318168-00318527 learning with AI and I think that we are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01137-00318528-00318682 not giving the the the the the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01138-00318683-00318941 importance and the need about these two
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01139-00318942-00319204 also it's very important in terms of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01140-00319205-00319439 social economical development of of of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01141-00319440-00319810 of Europe that our students learn about
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01142-00319811-00320308 Ai and learn uh learning also um for AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01143-00320309-00320537 once again we have to create awareness
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01144-00320538-00320765 about AI about the impacts of AI about
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01145-00320766-00320980 opportunities of AI but also about the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01146-00320981-00321256 concerns that we have related AI so we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01147-00321257-00321517 also have to create the conditions where
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01148-00321518-00321869 these questions are also integrated at
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01149-00321870-00322163 the curriculum level
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01150-00322164-00322499 um I would like to to to go to the last
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01151-00322500-00322769 part of my presentation uh I don't have
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01152-00322770-00322973 time to to explore the the different
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01153-00322974-00323351 tools that can be used in in the the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01154-00323352-00323621 different uh levels related with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01155-00323622-00323819 learning with AI but uh I would like to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01156-00323820-00324143 share with with you some some of them uh
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01157-00324144-00324497 the first one in terms of the teaching
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01158-00324498-00325060 work is a first pass is a platform uh
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01159-00325061-00325375 where the teach teacher can and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01160-00325376-00325841 introduce and prepare the model where
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01161-00325842-00326008 the students will interact with this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01162-00326009-00326332 model and at the same time is answering
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01163-00326333-00326573 the questions the platform will give
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01164-00326574-00326879 them hints and helps so is mainly based
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01165-00326880-00327073 on the formative
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01166-00327074-00327460 interaction great scope is a tool that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01167-00327461-00327665 can help teachers in terms of of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01168-00327666-00328006 upgrading and teacher is giving their
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01169-00328007-00328343 notes and system is supporting on
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01170-00328344-00328751 on that tasks and another type of of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01171-00328752-00329021 tools and platforms that we have here is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01172-00329022-00329321 what are called AI coach or the AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01173-00329322-00329615 assistance I'm just making a mention
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01174-00329616-00330077 here to AI coach from Athena where AI is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01175-00330078-00330413 helping this the teacher if you record
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01176-00330414-00330730 your classrooms and it can give you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01177-00330731-00330895 um
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01178-00330896-00331480 and supports in terms of the the teacher
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01179-00331481-00331858 um in the teaching process for students
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01180-00331859-00332182 we are mainly here talking as Maria also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01181-00332183-00332351 mentioned related with intelligent
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01182-00332352-00332645 intuitive systems dialogue basis tutor
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01183-00332646-00332908 systems and I would like also automation
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01184-00332909-00333173 too a system is is a very interesting
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01185-00333174-00333347 one where the teacher delivered the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01186-00333348-00333575 contents to the students students
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01187-00333576-00333971 receive uh automatic feedback about what
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01188-00333972-00334169 they are doing and the teacher also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01189-00334170-00334529 received this feedback so he can decide
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01190-00334530-00334841 in terms of the next steps of the the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01191-00334842-00335129 learning process this is a area 9
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01192-00335130-00335351 license is an intelligent tutor system
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01193-00335352-00335717 in the typical approach that we do the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01194-00335718-00335975 mention related with this so basically
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01195-00335976-00336341 the platform will learn in terms of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01196-00336342-00336556 deliver contents to the student
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01197-00336557-00336832 according to their interactions
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01198-00336833-00337075 and for example we also have cogni
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01199-00337076-00337456 cogney is helping the students so the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01200-00337457-00337710 students can interact with the the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01201-00337711-00337991 platform by
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01202-00337992-00338260 um natural language process and this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01203-00338261-00338465 also gives feedbacks in terms of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01204-00338466-00338669 teacher in terms of the the the the the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01205-00338670-00338987 student performance so this is in in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01206-00338988-00339389 terms of learning uh with AI also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01207-00339390-00339604 um in the fields that I consider also
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01208-00339605-00339934 very important to to be
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01209-00339935-00340265 um discussed at the education level is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01210-00340266-00340499 about exploring and building ethically
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01211-00340500-00340804 with AI I also share with you three
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01212-00340805-00341039 examples elements of AI so I think
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01213-00341040-00341321 everybody already know about elements of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01214-00341322-00341710 of of of AI and there is two uh courses
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01215-00341711-00342071 there is also one about ethics so if you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01216-00342072-00342293 want to explore the schematics with with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01217-00342294-00342634 your students AI for K12 is is a
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01218-00342635-00342887 framework that is developed on United
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01219-00342888-00343229 States is around the big five ideas of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01220-00343230-00343649 AI from reasoning social impact and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01221-00343650-00344056 machine learning and activities that are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01222-00344057-00344501 defined for different School levels
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01223-00344502-00344782 and also teams in AI but related with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01224-00344783-00345034 this there is so many examples if you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01225-00345035-00345280 are interesting to introduce this with
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01226-00345281-00345647 your students and in your classroom
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01227-00345648-00345941 um to finish just some particular tools
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01228-00345942-00346253 that you can can use
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01229-00346254-00346651 um some of them are very well known
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01230-00346652-00346945 Duolingo in terms of language learning
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01231-00346946-00347254 photomath use computer vision and this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01232-00347255-00347489 could be interesting if your students
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01233-00347490-00347891 struggle in solving math problems and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01234-00347892-00348197 you point to to to to the problem on the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01235-00348198-00348523 paper and gives you all the the the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01236-00348524-00348906 process of solving that that question
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01237-00348907-00349199 maybe some teachers could start asking
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01238-00349200-00349504 but I don't I don't want something that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01239-00349505-00349769 gives the old solution but what AI in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01240-00349770-00350032 education also make us think is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01241-00350033-00350297 sometimes to inverse the the process or
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01242-00350298-00350579 think about new approach that we we can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01243-00350580-00350758 use related
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01244-00350759-00350956 with the pedagogical practice that we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01245-00350957-00351232 have until now Socratic
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01246-00351233-00351556 um also have computer vision and other
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01247-00351557-00351749 functionalities that you can use the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01248-00351750-00352049 reading process is from teams where your
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01249-00352050-00352403 students are reading a text and it
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01250-00352404-00352649 automatically give feedback to the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01251-00352650-00352991 students in terms of the reading process
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01252-00352992-00353267 of of of the students
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01253-00353268-00353677 another one is related with the use of
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01254-00353678-00353951 AI to create or to build we have
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01255-00353952-00354149 teachable machine we also have machine
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01256-00354150-00354467 learning for uh for kids this one
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01257-00354468-00354815 Maryland Minds is mainly a device that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01258-00354816-00354943 use
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01259-00354944-00355301 natural language processing where you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01260-00355302-00355530 can interact with your technology
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01261-00355531-00355865 by moving freely in in the classroom so
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01262-00355866-00356249 you can ask just open my PowerPoint play
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01263-00356250-00356453 the video at two minutes and five
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01264-00356454-00356843 seconds and with no AI but just by
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01265-00356844-00357101 collecting data and using data Google
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01266-00357102-00357389 forms Microsoft forms are also an
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01267-00357390-00357593 interesting approach in terms in terms
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01268-00357594-00357851 of this I would just like to finish
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01269-00357852-00358060 with the conclusion
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01270-00358061-00358367 the the presentation will be shared so I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01271-00358368-00358534 will not read the conclusion to you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01272-00358535-00358925 related with my presentation what I can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01273-00358926-00359123 tell you is that this text was not
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01274-00359124-00359399 written by me so this was written by an
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01275-00359400-00359795 AI algorithm so this is another of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01276-00359796-00360010 discussion the discussions and another
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01277-00360011-00360263 of the concerns that we have to address
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01278-00360264-00360545 nowadays so just imagine a student that
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01279-00360546-00360767 you asked and asked an essay to the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01280-00360768-00361013 student to produce and you can they can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01281-00361014-00361301 use a tool like write Sonic where you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01282-00361302-00361469 just give the prompt
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01283-00361470-00361763 and the AI algorithm will give you an
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01284-00361764-00362249 original let's say a text and this is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01285-00362250-00362423 also some of the of of the questions
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01286-00362424-00362663 related with AI and education these are
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01287-00362664-00362903 some of the tools nowadays that you can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01288-00362904-00363197 just use a prompt text to image text to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01289-00363198-00363528 3D text to video text to to screenplay
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01290-00363529-00363887 and I will like also to mention the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01291-00363888-00364151 question related with the digital divide
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01292-00364152-00364432 but also the day I divide and we have to
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01293-00364433-00364654 have different layers and identify these
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01294-00364655-00364889 different layers from the ones that do
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01295-00364890-00365297 not have access to AI until we reach
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01296-00365298-00365525 the students that have access to AI
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01297-00365526-00365747 understand it and can use it properly
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01298-00365748-00366004 and in this particular we can think
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01299-00366005-00366443 about a framework from the hardware side
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01300-00366444-00366839 and the software side that are a group
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01301-00366840-00367060 of topics that we should give the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01302-00367061-00367349 opportunities for our students
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01303-00367350-00367625 and do not forget that power
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01304-00367626-00367853 intelligence is what make us human and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01305-00367854-00368327 AI is just an extension of that quality
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01306-00368328-00368578 and AI in education must be an
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01307-00368579-00368843 opportunity for all and once again this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01308-00368844-00369077 image yard was seen here they were
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01309-00369078-00369365 generated by an AI algorithm where I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01310-00369366-00369737 just prompt for learning space of the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01311-00369738-00369803 future
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01312-00369804-00370103 thank you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01313-00370104-00370337 thank you thank you very much uh Marco
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01314-00370338-00370589 for for your presentation uh there were
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01315-00370590-00370793 some questions in the chat but I saw
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01316-00370794-00371015 that most of them were addressed already
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01317-00371016-00371332 since we are running we are running out
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01318-00371333-00371578 of time I need to give couple
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01319-00371579-00371801 information for the for the participants
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01320-00371802-00372023 before we leave first of all we have
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01321-00372024-00372184 posted in the chat my colleague is
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01322-00372185-00372347 posted in the chat the evaluation form
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01323-00372348-00372653 so please save the link you can complete
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01324-00372654-00372808 it later but just save the link because
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01325-00372809-00373030 it won't be available anymore once we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01326-00373031-00373330 close this meeting and then another
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01327-00373331-00373667 information about an upcoming course we
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01328-00373668-00373901 have uh it's for the for all the
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01329-00373902-00374123 participants and it's about what you can
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01330-00374124-00374393 do with data in the classroom the course
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01331-00374394-00374669 will start on the 7th of November and
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01332-00374670-00374927 concluding 16 on the 16th of December
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01333-00374928-00375191 you have the link in the chat and you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01334-00375192-00375425 can just take a look and decide if you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01335-00375426-00375778 want to participate so uh
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01336-00375779-00376145 we are reaching the end of this of this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01337-00376146-00376432 session we spend one interesting hours I
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01338-00376433-00376756 I hope it was useful and inspiring for
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01339-00376757-00377051 for all the teachers here I remind you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01340-00377052-00377332 that the recording will be available in
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01341-00377333-00377543 the next days on the webinar page
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01342-00377544-00377699 together with the material
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01343-00377700-00377921 Representatives some participants were
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01344-00377922-00378173 asking because they wanted to re-watch
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01345-00378174-00378443 the recording to internalize better
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01346-00378444-00378628 internalize the information you have
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01347-00378629-00378910 given today
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01348-00378911-00379277 I I wish you all all a good evening
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01349-00379278-00379565 thank you very much once again to you
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01350-00379566-00379810 both Maria and Marco for for accepting
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01351-00379811-00380110 our invitation and for giving this this
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01352-00380111-00380278 presentation today
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01353-00380279-00380489 thank you I wish you all a good evening
+JPHjBtM6iKQ-01354-00380490-00380822 and see you soon
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00000-00000000-00000238 these symptoms my atlas is out of
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00001-00000239-00000359 alignment
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00002-00000360-00000582 here's the thing that'll knock you off
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00003-00000583-00000719 your seat
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00004-00000720-00000991 you tell a mainstream doctor that your
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00005-00000992-00001166 atlas is out and they look at you with a
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00006-00001167-00001319 blank look because they don't even know
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00007-00001320-00001574 what your atlas is
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00008-00001575-00001726 atlas is the
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00009-00001727-00001998 vertebrae it's not that the atlas is
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00010-00002000-00002159 actually the ring
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00011-00002160-00002518 that your head your skull sits on
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00012-00002519-00002710 and
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00013-00002711-00002934 it's really easy for it to go out of
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00014-00002935-00003079 alignment and when it goes out of
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00015-00003080-00003319 alignment you know what has to happen
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00016-00003320-00003615 your spine has to go all wacky
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00017-00003615-00003863 to balance your head to keep your head
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00018-00003864-00003935 on
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00019-00003936-00004135 straight
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00020-00004136-00004270 because when your
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00021-00004271-00004583 atlas is out it means messages from your
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00022-00004584-00004686 brain
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00023-00004687-00004791 going
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00024-00004792-00005070 through into your spinal cord
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00025-00005071-00005399 they're not getting there accurately
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00026-00005400-00005599 you can't go
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00027-00005600-00005831 to somebody who's not a specialist in
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00028-00005832-00005967 the atlas
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00029-00005968-00006327 and each needs to be an atlas orthogonus
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00030-00006328-00006486 or
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00031-00006487-00006791 an orthosphenologist
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00032-00006792-00006983 and they need to know what they're doing
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00033-00006984-00007151 because man
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00034-00007152-00007414 having your atlas out not properly
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00035-00007415-00007574 adjusted
+JS1YwuKFrZU-00036-00007575-00008092 can just completely destroy your health
+JVUYuKPvvvM-00000-00000045-00000293 the Human Resources Science and
+JVUYuKPvvvM-00001-00000294-00000473 Technology Committee of the African
+JVUYuKPvvvM-00002-00000474-00000640 Union was created to deal with the
+JVUYuKPvvvM-00003-00000641-00000811 issues surrounding the development of
+JVUYuKPvvvM-00004-00000813-00001036 Education illiteracy information
+JVUYuKPvvvM-00005-00001037-00001300 technology communication human resources
+JVUYuKPvvvM-00006-00001301-00001643 and technology in Africa the chairperson
+JVUYuKPvvvM-00007-00001644-00002012 of the committee is Armony asfour
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00000-00002959-00003214 Great Lord we come here today to worship
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00001-00003215-00003540 you experience in truth I can do that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00002-00003542-00004021 give us a clue burgers last I've been
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00003-00004022-00004291 here since my affordance focus on you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00004-00004292-00004567 here this morning they might be lifted
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00005-00004568-00004811 above all Blanche not growth in unto you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00006-00004812-00005079 part for the preaching today a quest for
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00007-00005080-00005328 the Brad personal life is here today
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00008-00005329-00005581 giving that question I want each one of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00009-00005582-00005922 us supporting he and we might say is
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00010-00005923-00006186 good to be in the house or to died being
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00011-00006187-00006484 buried well today or they're sick and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00012-00006484-00006756 body we took them up to you know the way
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00013-00006758-00006921 we know how we know today you're good
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00014-00006922-00007213 right position which book you know or
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00015-00007214-00007456 cannot touch you know he may hold of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00016-00007456-00007651 this same self our Lord he might be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00017-00007652-00007995 hopefully prayed or for every soul today
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00018-00007997-00008290 and report of sin we know that you died
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00019-00008291-00008473 for all of them praying for all the Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00020-00008474-00008694 the spirit of Joel they help a couple
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00021-00008695-00008866 drill out of the condition of the soul
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00022-00008867-00009118 that my collarbone which to life we
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00023-00009119-00009255 bought universe
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00024-00009256-00009423 great ask these things and give thanks
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00025-00009424-00009653 and their precious name for the sake of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00026-00009654-00009979 Jesus Christ
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00029-00025856-00027020 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00030-00027020-00028201 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00031-00028202-00030763 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00032-00030764-00032208 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00033-00032208-00032737 [Applause]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00034-00032738-00033055 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00035-00033056-00033548 oh Jesus
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00036-00033549-00035642 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00037-00035643-00038575 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00038-00038576-00039061 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00039-00039062-00039214 the bar
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00040-00039215-00041896 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00041-00041897-00042543 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00042-00042544-00042562 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00043-00042563-00042759 [Applause]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00044-00042760-00043301 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00045-00043302-00043628 the law states
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00046-00043629-00044806 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00047-00044807-00045264 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00048-00045265-00045935 I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00049-00045936-00046770 [Applause]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00050-00046771-00047060 and from
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00051-00047061-00047841 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00052-00047842-00048546 No
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00053-00048547-00050696 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00054-00050697-00051340 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00055-00051341-00051987 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00056-00051988-00052586 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00057-00052587-00052861 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00058-00052862-00052886 [Applause]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00059-00052887-00054766 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00060-00054766-00055385 at all
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00061-00055386-00055848 ever watched a tomato Vermont
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00063-00059059-00059994 I know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00064-00059995-00060552 and don't
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00066-00064169-00064552 Rotech
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00067-00064553-00065405 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00068-00065407-00065641 going to put the Philippians Philippians
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00069-00065642-00066796 chapter 2 this we've got I don't know at
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00070-00066797-00067051 one point but for some reason I felt it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00071-00067052-00067555 I wanted a priest on there so I don't
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00072-00067556-00067720 have the fence y'all behind I don't have
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00073-00067721-00068035 anything fancy here but uh or later on
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00074-00068036-00068263 my heart needs to be problem we have
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00075-00068264-00068647 word on the day we're going to find in a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00076-00068648-00069205 clip in chapter 2 talks about Jesus he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00077-00069206-00069427 made himself of no reputation with start
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00078-00069428-00069703 here in verse seven but he made himself
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00079-00069704-00069931 of no reputation he took upon him the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00080-00069932-00070315 form of a servant and was made in the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00081-00070316-00070624 likeness of man you know God came down
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00082-00070625-00070984 did that for us and he found him
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00083-00070985-00071112 fashioned as a man
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00084-00071113-00071395 verse eight says he humbled himself and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00085-00071396-00071761 became obedient unto death even the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00086-00071762-00072157 death of the cross Jesus is after you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00087-00072158-00072475 and I yeah verse 9 says wherefore God
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00088-00072476-00072796 also hath highly exalted him and given
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00089-00072797-00073099 him a name which is above every name
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00090-00073100-00073525 that at the name of Jesus every knee
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00091-00073526-00073861 should bow of things in heaven and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00092-00073862-00074149 things in earth and things under the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00093-00074150-00074509 earth verse 11 says and that every
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00094-00074510-00074971 tongue should confess that Jesus Christ
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00095-00074972-00075801 is Lord to the glory of God the man
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00096-00075802-00076186 couple weeks ago I preached on God's
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00097-00076187-00076618 grace and I shared in y'all up here some
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00098-00076619-00076826 grapes we got to be grateful towards one
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00099-00076827-00077156 not aren't you glad forgot great this
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00100-00077157-00077261 morning
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00101-00077262-00077555 praise the Lord is five greats we got
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00102-00077556-00077661 what we deserve
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00103-00077662-00078030 it's that is that you eats that means
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00104-00078031-00078459 but praise God for grace last week I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00105-00078460-00078861 shared about faith and those unexpected
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00106-00078862-00079250 things that come in your life and Jesus
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00107-00079251-00079535 said where is your faith
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00108-00079536-00079842 Great God we've got one we can count on
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00109-00079843-00080361 in the storm in the trouble great God he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00110-00080362-00080912 is wonderful but there's a there's an
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00111-00080913-00081119 element that's lacking in our world
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00112-00081120-00081716 today it's lacking in our nation
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00113-00081717-00081936 slacking in our churches if I'll be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00114-00081937-00082248 honest it's lacking in our churches it's
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00115-00082249-00082499 lacking in the life of those that say
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00116-00082500-00083142 they're Christians you know what the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00117-00083143-00083496 Bible says here he says it's something
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00118-00083497-00083737 that we needed to do we need to confess
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00119-00083738-00084413 Jesus Christ as Lord he deserves to be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00120-00084414-00084950 lifted up this morning demand that we're
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00121-00084951-00085317 going to be supreme he ought to be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00122-00085318-00085674 supreme in your life not over somewhere
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00123-00085675-00085856 else well I need you now look he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00124-00085857-00086478 underneath the Supreme not wanting to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00125-00086479-00086616 meet supreme it means that someone I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00126-00086617-00087465 belong to you know what if he looked out
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00127-00087466-00087779 of me Jesus you're mine in that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00128-00087780-00088406 wonderful he's the Lord this morning now
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00129-00088407-00088613 whether you acknowledge him as Lord or
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00130-00088614-00088925 not he still Lord by the way he's still
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00131-00088926-00089282 on the throne he is the King of Kings
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00132-00089283-00089697 the Lord of lords
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00133-00089698-00089995 Jesus asked Peter he asked him a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00134-00089996-00090265 question in Matthew 16 verse 13 he said
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00135-00090266-00090886 who do men say that I am well he said I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00136-00090887-00091048 heard someone who think you're John the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00137-00091049-00091420 Baptist come back to life some of them
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00138-00091421-00091768 think you're Elijah some of them figure
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00139-00091769-00092530 Jeremiah there's others if I could if
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00140-00092531-00092671 they thought about that some thought
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00141-00092672-00092935 whether that's the carpenter's son over
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00142-00092936-00093640 there others would say he's the one
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00143-00093641-00094260 healed by the way he's a great healer
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00144-00094261-00094612 other than say he's the Christ he's the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00145-00094613-00094753 one with the Promised One is the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00146-00094754-00095317 Anointed One he's the son of God yes and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00147-00095318-00095524 praise God I hope this morning that you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00148-00095525-00095764 can say this morning that he's your
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00149-00095765-00096253 savior he's the one I think about the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00150-00096254-00096403 one they dropped down from the ceiling
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00151-00096404-00096658 tiles he had a physical problem they
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00152-00096659-00096880 knew about the great healer but Jesus
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00153-00096881-00097108 the first thing he said to them he said
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00154-00097109-00097312 your faith that make you whole he said
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00155-00097313-00097741 your sins are forgiven in that wonderful
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00156-00097742-00098008 thing that sins forgiven well if you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00157-00098009-00098134 have an industry forgiven they're
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00158-00098135-00098180 nothing
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00159-00098181-00098492 like a man you can't erase it you can't
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00160-00098493-00098668 get rid of your sins but praise God
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00161-00098669-00098899 there's a God in heaven that can take
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00162-00098900-00099124 care of your sins and this morning yes
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00163-00099125-00099317 we can be here this morning and we say
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00164-00099318-00099738 yeah be my Savior
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00165-00099739-00099987 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00166-00099988-00100255 by the way everybody's looking we want
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00167-00100256-00100454 to Savior Savior something that's great
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00168-00100455-00100861 in it I wanna save got something and I'm
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00169-00100862-00101111 going to tell you God my God can take
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00170-00101112-00101384 care of your something whatever your
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00171-00101385-00101656 situation is he's able to handle it and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00172-00101657-00102065 pretty god I need that Savior but you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00173-00102066-00102454 know what there's a higher position that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00174-00102455-00103060 he deserves you can't get a higher
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00175-00103061-00103467 position than that we want to be Savior
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00176-00103468-00104053 but doing it really why this Lord I'm
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00177-00104054-00104225 very concerned about this
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00178-00104226-00104522 I don't know I I've seen it I can just
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00179-00104523-00104699 like live long enough now I can see
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00180-00104700-00104863 folks they want saved out of some
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00181-00104864-00105257 situation they want this or that but
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00182-00105258-00105673 Lord the Lord can fix it fix it for me
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00183-00105674-00105940 can you imagine if the Lord's and all
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00184-00105941-00106124 fixes but what about being more to your
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00185-00106125-00106622 life and we said well I want you to you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00186-00106623-00106789 know I still want to be in charge I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00187-00106790-00107000 really don't want to listen to you god I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00188-00107001-00107258 can't watch this morning my Savior
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00189-00107258-00107665 deserve to be Lord he deserves to be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00190-00107666-00108133 lifted up amen praise the Lord I know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00191-00108134-00108421 I'm insane here this morning
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00192-00108422-00108676 now there by the folks I tell you what
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00193-00108677-00108920 what really bothers me much the world
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00194-00108921-00109339 seems to think they're saved oh yeah I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00195-00109340-00109598 believe John 3:16 for God so loved the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00196-00109599-00109738 world he gave you through me I believe
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00197-00109739-00110276 in Jesus and so this running on award he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00198-00110277-00110461 did because you believe in Jesus does
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00199-00110463-00110615 not mean you're safe
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00200-00110616-00111107 right it bothers me there's many that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00201-00111108-00111299 have to see mr. even Jesus I'm a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00202-00111300-00111677 believer you know I want you know what
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00203-00111678-00112207 the devil believes in Jesus he's saved
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00204-00112208-00112589 and the devil has not done one thing he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00205-00112590-00113438 had not acknowledge Jesus as Lord I want
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00206-00113439-00113608 you this morning you've not confessed in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00207-00113609-00113849 this Lord I want you to confession this
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00208-00113850-00114293 morning as well fact is we know some
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00209-00114294-00114575 very familiar verses in Romans chapter
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00210-00114576-00114872 10 we find that Paul tells us how to be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00211-00114873-00115388 second and let me read here for you in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00212-00115389-00115775 Romans chapter 10 verse 9 I notice what
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00213-00115776-00115919 it says you know there's a lot of people
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00214-00115920-00116063 out there a lot of preachers and a lot
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00215-00116064-00116288 of things that go on you know I hear if
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00216-00116289-00116509 you rip it don't be dead don't even
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00217-00116510-00116651 listen that in our hand stuff I'm going
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00218-00116652-00116876 to get on there someone will say about
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00219-00116877-00117136 this now they tell you what I've heard a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00220-00117138-00117269 lot of folks in it you'll read some
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00221-00117270-00117431 reading this eight and you know where
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00222-00117432-00117629 the gospel tack that get down the end
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00223-00117630-00117914 I'll have no prayer on and you know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00224-00117915-00118118 there's some folks who say well you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00225-00118119-00118544 ought not have prayer they said you're
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00226-00118545-00118708 really just even people whether the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00227-00118709-00118861 prayer you know my father said right
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00228-00118863-00119008 here to the first time that I thought
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00229-00119009-00119393 something fast you know how you confess
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00230-00119394-00119780 it says with your mouth I can't think of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00231-00119781-00120029 a better way than praying in you so it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00232-00120030-00120251 said it is a confess with my mouth now
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00233-00120252-00120428 but you know what it says here though in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00234-00120429-00120617 this person as we read through this and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00235-00120618-00120893 so I believe Jesus I love Jesus I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00236-00120894-00121007 believe he's real
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00237-00121008-00121229 I know he's out there but you know we've
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00238-00121230-00121534 never done this it says if thou shalt
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00239-00121535-00121772 confess with thy mouth notice what it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00240-00121773-00122460 says he doesn't see Jesus it says Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00241-00122461-00122843 there's a difference folks there's a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00242-00122844-00123034 difference in goes their life and saying
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00243-00123035-00123216 well I'm okay
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00244-00123217-00123363 but there's a difference then
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00245-00123364-00123753 acknowledging him pass lower he deserved
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00246-00123754-00123972 to be lured so the reason he's got any
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00247-00123973-00124160 breath here this morning it because of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00248-00124161-00124440 him the man the reason you gotta take it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00249-00124441-00124713 because of him yes thank you and what we
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00250-00124714-00124854 think we deserve something you know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00251-00124855-00125076 there's a racial thing you know why he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00252-00125077-00125261 created you it was for his pleasure
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00253-00125263-00125568 right that's why he did that what is
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00254-00125569-00125772 life all about it's not about you it's
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00255-00125773-00126035 about him and we find Harrington if you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00256-00126036-00126189 confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00257-00126190-00126480 and shalt believe in thine heart that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00258-00126481-00126720 God has raised him from the dead I'm
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00259-00126721-00126921 going to tell you money let us raise
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00260-00126922-00127368 Lord thou shalt be saved a man man you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00261-00127369-00127590 can read down verse 13 that's a familiar
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00262-00127591-00127851 verse we use for whosoever shall call
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00263-00127852-00128576 upon the name of the Lord shall be saved
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00264-00128577-00129398 well you find all throughout the Bible
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00265-00129399-00129774 you know yeah it's got amazing over 600
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00266-00129775-00129951 times in the New Testament you find the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00267-00129952-00130259 word Lord underneath you times it says
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00268-00130260-00130653 Lord Jesus many times said Lord Jesus
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00269-00130654-00130932 Christ but you know that I want to point
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00270-00130933-00131166 out there they've acknowledged TMF Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00271-00131167-00131472 yeah you can go over to Matthew chapter
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00272-00131473-00131757 8 and a leper came and they'll come down
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00273-00131758-00131973 there and you know what they called unto
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00274-00131974-00132281 Jesus then if they either they said Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00275-00132282-00132792 you know that's gonna be to see let me
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00276-00132793-00132894 read it for you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00277-00132895-00133131 I gotta just something else just kind of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00278-00133132-00133323 a side note here Matthew chapter 8 verse
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00279-00133324-00133539 2 behold there came a leper and workers
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00280-00133540-00133934 mancine laura it didn't say if our able
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00281-00133935-00134460 he's able is any if I will that can make
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00282-00134461-00134507 me
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00283-00134508-00134741 a man I didn't like that it kind of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00284-00134742-00134879 stuck out this man morning without
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00285-00134880-00135206 reviewing it he didn't say not evil
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00286-00135207-00135350 I don't know if you're able got you know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00287-00135351-00135530 he's able because he's the Lord that's
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00288-00135531-00135923 right you fine man chapter pilots and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00289-00135924-00136223 cheering me King to Jesus he said and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00290-00136224-00136610 notice what he said Lord they not like
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00291-00136611-00137006 Simmons lower and he said I've got a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00292-00137007-00137192 problem I've got a son I've got a sermon
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00293-00137193-00137393 I've got one I wish you could touch him
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00294-00137394-00137582 he said I know about heaven authority I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00295-00137583-00137816 know what it is to be in charge he said
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00296-00137817-00138041 you don't need to come just say it and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00297-00138042-00138403 it'll be done you know any dumbass Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00298-00138404-00138770 man you find the disciples I think us
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00299-00138771-00138971 here just last week came in there on the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00300-00138972-00139328 boat there the storm came in it I did
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00301-00139329-00139562 what the wave came in and you know they
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00302-00139563-00139811 said pop boy Jesus now he's on board
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00303-00139812-00140042 don't you forget it on board homes and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00304-00140043-00140252 when they came to Jesus you know they
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00305-00140253-00140915 said I tell you what he can handle the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00306-00140916-00141380 storm he's Marvis morning he's in needs
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00307-00141381-00141877 he deserves to be acknowledged Lord man
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00308-00141878-00142163 you would be read on after that happened
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00309-00142164-00142397 chief common storm that's a good one but
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00310-00142398-00142556 some looked in there and really I'm a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00311-00142557-00142639 really bothered me
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00312-00142640-00143294 it says that's what they say I may take
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00313-00143295-00143666 nothing if the god man yeah it's the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00314-00143667-00144197 Lord man God came down as man he just
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00315-00144198-00144416 sent any other man you know what we did
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00316-00144417-00144677 we treat him just like a man run he need
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00317-00144678-00144998 to be treated as Lord this morning
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00318-00144999-00145340 oh it really bothers me it's been
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00319-00145341-00145628 heavier than we are amazing we need us
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00320-00145629-00145757 we want to say here
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00321-00145758-00145952 we want you to deliver us we want you to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00322-00145953-00146141 help our economy we want you to help
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00323-00146142-00146363 this but do we want to move forward
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00324-00146364-00146963 Oh would it be good you need to be in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00325-00146964-00147356 charge we're gonna be good we can bring
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00326-00147357-00147512 that down the wrong lives
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00327-00147513-00147773 oh god I need you here I need you there
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00328-00147774-00148124 but this morning I want to ask you is he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00329-00148125-00148550 Lord in your life you know how this hits
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00330-00148551-00148823 me like a rock you know what I have a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00331-00148824-00149179 problem with I want to be in charge
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00332-00149180-00149549 you're all the same way we all want to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00333-00149550-00149774 make our decisions well I want to be the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00334-00149775-00149972 one engine but let me tell you what he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00335-00149973-00150185 deserves and he's not given with due
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00336-00150186-00150239 credit
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00337-00150240-00150617 Eden he deserves to be Lord man he'll
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00338-00150618-00150905 miss hard this morning you can read
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00339-00150906-00151184 harden the fighting Matthew 17:15
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00340-00151185-00151427 there's a father came he said my son
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00341-00151428-00151646 he's a lunatic he falls down to the pot
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00342-00151647-00151805 and he came in you know what he said
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00343-00151806-00152249 Lord he's a pretty healthy you find two
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00344-00152250-00152474 blind men were on sides of hope and you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00345-00152475-00152660 know they cried out to Jesus they
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00346-00152661-00152837 couldn't see him but they says have
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00347-00152838-00153215 mercy on us O Lord that's what they say
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00348-00153216-00153809 that yeah I like the Peter Peter the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00349-00153810-00153965 heat goes out there on he said go out
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00350-00153966-00154142 hallelujah he had enough faith and he's
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00351-00154143-00154466 just he's not walking water to Benny
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00352-00154467-00154595 we're walking out there and you know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00353-00154596-00154796 what happened here your eyes on Jesus he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00354-00154797-00155147 started to sing praise God you know what
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00355-00155148-00155957 he's saying he said lord save me he knew
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00356-00155958-00156103 he could do it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00357-00156104-00156866 praise Allah I think about Stephen book
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00358-00156867-00157124 after 7 verse 59 says as they cook up
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00359-00157125-00157430 hook up stones and they threw those
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00360-00157431-00157745 stones at Stephen you know what he said
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00361-00157746-00157931 the Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00362-00157932-00158457 he knew his Lord he knew only Savior but
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00363-00158458-00158745 he also knew his Lord he said Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00364-00158746-00159570 receive my spirit you'll find all
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00365-00159571-00159801 through the Bible you find that phrase
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00366-00159802-00160005 Gotha you'll find it's all tied into
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00367-00160006-00160239 salvation you find the Philippian jailer
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00368-00160240-00160478 in Acts chapter 16
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00369-00160479-00160743 you know what Paul told the Philippian
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00370-00160744-00160998 jailer to do but here's what the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00371-00160999-00161148 Philippian jailer all sudden he saw
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00372-00161149-00161277 where they're singing at night how
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00373-00161278-00161448 what's going on with radical Christians
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00374-00161449-00161592 how could you be so happy in all of a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00375-00161593-00161796 sudden hurts you up in hit the bars came
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00376-00161797-00162015 down and Amen the Philippian jailer got
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00377-00162016-00162234 convicted by God he said well my life is
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00378-00162235-00162699 to be saved you know you know Paul said
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00379-00162700-00163397 believe on the Lord believe on him
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00380-00163398-00163836 believe on the whole but you know what
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00381-00163837-00164124 we find yes a time a time that you they
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00382-00164125-00164385 confess the Lord but you know as I look
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00383-00164386-00164523 at our world today and I haven't
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00384-00164524-00164712 restored being we find a time again
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00385-00164713-00165003 where they take the name of the Lord in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00386-00165004-00165336 vain by the way you look the Bible says
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00387-00165337-00165600 thou shall not take the name of the Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00388-00165601-00165915 in vain and you know what we often think
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00389-00165916-00166170 well that's cursing or some no it's a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00390-00166171-00166341 whole lot more than it's a whole lot
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00391-00166342-00166626 worse than cursing when you take the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00392-00166627-00166857 name of the Lord in vain a lot of times
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00393-00166858-00167103 it I like that I've said this before a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00394-00167104-00167304 lot of times see I'm a Christian no
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00395-00167305-00167607 you're not you know what they're doing
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00396-00167608-00167990 they're taking Christ's name in vain and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00397-00167991-00168629 in many today they'll say Lord he's not
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00398-00168630-00169077 you just said he was but you can tell
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00399-00169078-00169355 you're the one with in charge he's not
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00400-00169356-00169593 and so that's taking the name of the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00401-00169594-00169860 Lord God in vain you taking his name in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00402-00169861-00170151 vain getting nothing to do with it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00403-00170152-00170687 you saying why you using my name you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00404-00170688-00171021 find in Matthew chapter 8 verse 21 jesus
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00405-00171022-00171198 said to one he said follow me you know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00406-00171199-00171660 what he said Lord he said Lord well let
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00407-00171661-00171996 me first go bury the dead and you know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00408-00171997-00172032 what
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00409-00172033-00172200 you say well that's he little-little up
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00410-00172201-00172443 sad you know I why would Jesus let him
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00411-00172444-00172476 do that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00412-00172477-00172620 do you could say let the dead bury the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00413-00172621-00172875 dead now that seems pretty strong but
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00414-00172876-00173043 you know what I don't think the guy and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00415-00173044-00173196 I believe his father wasn't dead yes
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00416-00173197-00173541 well someday when he dies I have more
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00417-00173542-00173703 time I'll do it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00418-00173704-00174218 no that's not Lord he called him Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00419-00174219-00174462 when God wanted to do something yeah
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00420-00174463-00174930 dude just do it in Matthew 7:21 said not
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00421-00174931-00176128 every one that says unto me Lord Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00422-00176129-00176822 you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00423-00176823-00177270 cilinder the king of the hill he said
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00424-00177271-00177438 well you promised I you did a lot of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00425-00177439-00177657 good things you know what I'm and I'm
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00426-00177658-00177852 fearful of that there's a lot of people
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00427-00177853-00178122 today they go to church they do good
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00428-00178123-00178389 things and they hey Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00429-00178390-00179079 good lord look better I have and you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00430-00179080-00179403 know that's a sad thing that's a sad
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00431-00179404-00179445 thing
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00432-00179446-00179715 the Bible said you know he said I never
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00433-00179716-00180582 knew and then off I said a prayer he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00434-00180583-00180891 said I never knew I did a lot of good
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00435-00180892-00181701 things but I never do I want to make
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00436-00181702-00182061 sure it folks this morning first of all
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00437-00182062-00182478 are saved and sometimes they got trust
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00438-00182479-00182721 they trusted in hypocenter been it's a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00439-00182722-00182925 pile of baptized baptizing been saved
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00440-00182926-00183915 you you better confess the Lord we Jesus
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00441-00183916-00184218 said in Luke 6:46 they said why call me
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00442-00184219-00184503 Lord Lord and not do the things that I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00443-00184504-00184887 asked you know what they're doing they
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00444-00184888-00185289 take the name of the Lord in vain he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00445-00185290-00185463 goes on he said it's like a man to build
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00446-00185464-00185646 this house upon the rock he says you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00447-00185647-00185915 know what there's a foundation but those
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00448-00185916-00186168 that don't do what he says it's like you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00449-00186169-00186411 built it on saying I did but he needs to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00450-00186412-00186597 be ordered all right here's a child of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00451-00186598-00186882 God a child of God I know I'm saved
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00452-00186883-00187071 but you know what if I don't keep him
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00453-00187072-00187395 where he deserves to be there's trouble
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00454-00187396-00187713 on the horizon you'll have trouble in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00455-00187714-00187926 your marriage you'll have come with work
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00456-00187927-00188114 you'll have trouble in this
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00457-00188115-00188619 and yet we want the oh lord help me you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00458-00188620-00188981 put him on that Cromer he deserves to be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00459-00188982-00189239 now you may not get everything you want
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00460-00189240-00189410 but I tell you the best life you'll ever
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00461-00189411-00190277 have you know it's got to be interesting
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00462-00190278-00190628 it's time like we're like children maybe
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00463-00190629-00190821 the child will come to you and they'll
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00464-00190822-00191268 say I know my grandchildren are that way
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00465-00191269-00191532 again me me oh I love that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00466-00191533-00191846 now don't you a man they'll say me me
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00467-00191847-00192401 you know will you give me this but
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00468-00192402-00192821 there's times that Mimi has had to say
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00469-00192822-00193610 you been back
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00470-00193611-00193977 now can you imagine us is what we do we
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00471-00193978-00194469 say lord I need this I need this and you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00472-00194470-00194619 know what the Lord would whisper back it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00473-00194620-00194787 says well when you're going to make me
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00474-00194788-00195066 Lord when you're going to put me in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00475-00195067-00195369 charge when am I going to be on the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00476-00195370-00195666 throne when am I going to eat we need
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00477-00195667-00195822 gonna let me make the decisions in your
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00478-00195823-00196068 life you know we all want Satan we don't
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00479-00196069-00196599 wanna netballer we're all that way self
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00480-00196600-00196821 gets in the way and when self it's in a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00481-00196822-00197199 way trouble comes David when he was
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00482-00197200-00197409 going to get that battle against Goliath
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00483-00197410-00197607 I meant any nobody said it was going to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00484-00197608-00198015 get Goliath he said the Lord he knew who
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00485-00198016-00198273 was afraid he knew was in charge he was
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00486-00198274-00198585 listening to obeying him few years later
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00487-00198586-00198849 you find very first verse says in the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00488-00198850-00199017 days of Kings were supposed to be in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00489-00199018-00199470 battle you know me to listen to the Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00490-00199471-00199737 give any battle that me but you know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00491-00199738-00200112 what happened today CNN Rd you know what
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00492-00200113-00200280 David when I get to heaven he's gonna be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00493-00200281-00200490 in here but you know what it did it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00494-00200491-00200811 affected him the rest of his life his
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00495-00200812-00201144 children there's a lot of hard a lot of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00496-00201145-00201360 times we just because we don't listen to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00497-00201361-00201873 God he needs to be lower Damien when I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00498-00201874-00202233 was a young knight I got associated it's
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00499-00202234-00202514 called a book called Crusade for Christ
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00500-00202515-00202752 in the handle track I tried my hardest
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00501-00202753-00202843 trying to find
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00502-00202844-00203095 headed for 30 years plus and I couldn't
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00503-00203096-00203305 find enough digging around my desk at
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00504-00203306-00203488 home and I couldn't find it it's a it's
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00505-00203489-00203683 a little track it's called the four
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00506-00203684-00203977 spiritual laws now some some folks in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00507-00203978-00204277 life but if something I like about any
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00508-00204278-00204442 men there was the first of all it says
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00509-00204443-00204748 number one God loves you and let me tell
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00510-00204749-00204994 you God loves and he desired to have a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00511-00204994-00205111 relationship with us
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00512-00205112-00205363 did you know accident but number two it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00513-00205364-00205512 says a man is sinful
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00514-00205513-00205738 you know we've all all fall short of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00515-00205739-00205921 glory of God you know that separates us
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00516-00205921-00205998 from God
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00517-00206000-00206278 that's a problem isn't it but you know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00518-00206279-00206494 if the third one says there's one way
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00519-00206494-00206640 they'll get you back there there's one
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00520-00206641-00206863 that will fill the gap and it's Jesus is
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00521-00206864-00207157 the only way but the fourth one is very
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00522-00207158-00207540 debatable today but here's what he tells
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00523-00207541-00207762 them to do says we must individually
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00524-00207763-00208479 receive Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00525-00208480-00208702 lot folks don't like if they just want
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00526-00208703-00209019 to say just Savior I just read if you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00527-00209021-00209326 can censor them out what the Lord then
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00528-00209327-00209701 when I read ok great God is your Savior
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00529-00209702-00209896 oh yeah maybe you said over you say me I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00530-00209896-00210094 would I tell you many will say a prayer
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00531-00210094-00210346 and say I saved me a heart if you save
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00532-00210346-00210498 me I'll do this or that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00533-00210500-00210602 amen
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00534-00210603-00210866 and we never say Lord I want you to be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00535-00210867-00211273 Lord in my life you're on top of the day
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00536-00211275-00211438 I got sick you know what I did
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00537-00211439-00211850 now he's always been Lord of my life but
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00538-00211851-00212027 when I'm saying you know what I did I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00539-00212028-00212119 said I'm in trouble
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00540-00212121-00212548 Lord I can't get out of this Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00541-00212550-00212857 I can't get rid of these sins lord I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00542-00212858-00213109 know you can
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00543-00213110-00213341 and what I'm tired of trying to be in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00544-00213342-00213551 charge there's an illustration of that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00545-00213552-00213686 track and I like it
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00546-00213687-00213836 I wish I had a neat chair here like a
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00547-00213837-00214133 throne now imagine this chair over here
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00548-00214134-00214436 the throne over here and you know what
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00549-00214437-00214685 the one that's on the throne is the one
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00550-00214686-00214976 that's in charge now before you got
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00551-00214977-00215576 saying you know who sitting here and you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00552-00215577-00215698 know what I thought enough being in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00553-00215700-00216071 charge I can't I can't do it you know I
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00554-00216071-00216353 prayed God there's a day I realize I'm
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00555-00216354-00216611 gonna make a shift here I'm gonna change
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00556-00216612-00216896 and bring God I got away and I said Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00557-00216896-00217586 you sit up here man but you know if
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00558-00217587-00217880 we're honest and I first of all want to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00559-00217881-00218221 be saved he needs to be on the throne
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00560-00218221-00218516 secondly the are saying you better make
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00561-00218517-00219186 sure you keep him up
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00562-00219187-00219357 the Bible city is coming on the white
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00563-00219358-00219621 horse I don't know how that's going to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00564-00219621-00219948 look but I'm looking forward to that the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00565-00219948-00220173 sky opened up he's coming down and I'm
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00566-00220173-00220389 an investor it's addicted blood and on
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00567-00220390-00220602 the sides it Peter Games and Lord of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00568-00220603-00220938 lords I like the story they're at Easter
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00569-00220939-00221091 time we've read that you'll find
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00570-00221092-00221337 everything I was talking to Mary are the
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00571-00221338-00221541 women there and they made a statement
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00572-00221542-00221967 said he's not here for He is risen said
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00573-00221967-00222417 come see the place where the Lord lay by
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00574-00222417-00222567 the way if he's still in the cranium
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00575-00222567-00222984 forward but if not in the grave and he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00576-00222985-00223266 is Lord sensation he deserves to be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00577-00223267-00224115 number one in your life babe but you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00578-00224116-00224331 know bronze and I mean we got to get
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00579-00224332-00224517 honest with ourself we got we got to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00580-00224517-00224679 really evaluate ourselves and you know
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00581-00224680-00225003 always say well I know Lord wants me to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00582-00225004-00225498 do this I'm not going to do that today
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00583-00225498-00225840 maybe nicely you know what that's my
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00584-00225841-00226082 board
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00585-00226083-00226683 he deserves a higher position he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00586-00226684-00227119 deserves a rank he deserves some respect
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00587-00227121-00227478 he deserves some honor and I'm gonna
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00588-00227479-00227736 tell you what he's not getting it and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00589-00227737-00227862 you know what he's got to start right
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00590-00227863-00228153 here I could save all our nation they
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00591-00228154-00228315 tell you what that government they they
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00592-00228316-00228623 need to put him on you know what we need
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00593-00228623-00229050 Detroit I needed I like it's August it's
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00594-00229051-00229217 me o lord standing in need of prayer
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00595-00229219-00229434 it's not my brother not my sister it's
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00596-00229435-00229859 me and as I look at this I realize you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00597-00229860-00230142 help me get up
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00598-00230144-00230390 when I had a decision my life coming
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00599-00230391-00230783 from Bob said by Oasis we should follow
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00600-00230784-00231577 him he's not following you around useful
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00601-00231578-00232394 stands for this morning the bottle said
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00602-00232394-00232565 if we confess with our mouth the Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00603-00232566-00232757 Jesus and Lord meet we came and we've
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00604-00232758-00233039 been best many things the Lord in me and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00605-00233040-00233555 we put you on the throne but where are
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00606-00233556-00233942 you today when we leave this place so
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00607-00233942-00234086 it's easy to say oh you're on the throne
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00608-00234087-00234244 here but when we leave this place where
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00609-00234246-00234619 are you do we look for you Lord when we
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00610-00234621-00234842 just also meet you and that's a trial or
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00611-00234842-00235187 a storm comes Lord with you deserve
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00612-00235188-00235484 better than what I get but I want to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00613-00235485-00235535 lift you up
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00614-00235536-00235871 I want you on that problem but I want to
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00615-00235871-00236098 give you a respect and honor than what
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00616-00236100-00236467 you truly did serve the Lord if we're
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00617-00236469-00236648 honest we don't where we fail in that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00618-00236648-00236894 area thank you for that great thank you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00619-00236894-00237169 for that mercy but my fear is there's
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00620-00237171-00237437 many that maybe they said a prayer but
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00621-00237438-00237578 they never meet him Lord is something
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00622-00237579-00237992 wrong maybe they're trying to get out of
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00623-00237992-00238313 the jam a situation but I know what you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00624-00238314-00238529 did sire this morning is that you might
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00625-00238530-00238892 be put on this role help us to do that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00626-00238892-00238994 here this morning
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00627-00238994-00239219 perhaps there's one here that never been
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00628-00239219-00239603 safe Lord they never confessed Jesus as
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00629-00239604-00239923 the Lord helping to realize they're in
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00630-00239925-00240311 great need and Jesus is the answer
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00631-00240312-00240734 he is the way have your way Lord speak
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00632-00240735-00241085 to our hearts and Jesus precious Amy
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00633-00241086-00241371 every head bowed and every eye closed
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00634-00241373-00241642 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00635-00241642-00242359 if he hollered any Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00636-00242360-00242725 they did a phase Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00637-00242726-00243010 but who's calling the shots in your life
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00638-00243011-00243213 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00639-00243214-00243810 who in this respect in the AMA may
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00640-00243811-00244156 become this morning for him then we had
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00641-00244157-00244644 other motives he deserves a higher place
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00642-00244646-00244763 a higher plane
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00643-00244764-00246075 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00644-00246076-00246428 there are our obedience
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00645-00246429-00246653 when he say it's lordy yes but I'll
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00646-00246654-00246919 listen to you I'll do whatever you want
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00647-00246919-00247711 with the last time you asked which one
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00648-00247712-00248111 always the Lord the Lord whether you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00649-00248112-00248426 acknowledge it or not but he wants to be
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00650-00248427-00248990 in charge of your life your decisions he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00651-00248991-00249305 won't make a mistake you will that he
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00652-00249306-00252231 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00653-00252232-00252478 every knee will bow and every tongue
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00654-00252479-00252992 will confess that Jesus Christ is Lord
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00655-00252994-00253217 I'll do it now
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00656-00253217-00255144 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00657-00255146-00255717 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00658-00255719-00257291 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00659-00257292-00258440 the pump
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00660-00258441-00258990 ssp phenomenal it was horrible we have
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00661-00258991-00259687 some see the innovation of the day that
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00662-00259688-00260019 you can use what we won thank you this
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00663-00260020-00260217 one for police are loaded with standing
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00664-00260218-00260508 forests and right there shortcoming
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00665-00260509-00261080 senators
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00666-00261081-00262856 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00667-00262857-00263341 [Music]
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00668-00263342-00263941 doesn't go through these
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00669-00263942-00264510 okay motor de la vez been following
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00670-00264511-00264694 again we ask for the to heaven
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00671-00264695-00265134 watch over what we ask you to watch over
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00672-00265135-00265530 our politics right thought we told you
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00673-00265531-00266062 to forgive us our sins and the evidence
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00674-00266063-00266398 Apocrypha it's in that place you lucky
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00675-00266399-00267933 night Jesus and
+JWaEhpGOBVM-00676-00267934-00268140 you
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00000-00000030-00000736 [Music]
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00001-00000737-00001019 what she want bites of loin roast what
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00002-00001019-00001268 did you get hmm this is a burger and
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00003-00001269-00001429 this is a Reuben I think she got the
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00004-00001430-00001565 girl would you get don't shoot it there
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00005-00001566-00001841 hello hey we all got some different I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00006-00001842-00002059 got the blood i mean-- fight the other
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00007-00002060-00002348 BLT what is this the burger burger good
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00008-00002349-00002527 you're working trying I wanted to have a
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00009-00002528-00003014 ribbon for sure good
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00010-00003015-00003272 you get a buffalo yeah I like that but
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00011-00003272-00003767 yeah so I can totally resolved no matter
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00012-00003768-00004043 one of our groceries yeah I'm grade you
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00013-00004044-00004454 a bike I will trade you bye hmm is
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00014-00004455-00004691 amazing well built in I'm not a thing of
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00015-00004692-00004891 a kind of tempeh that's this is here
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00016-00004892-00005161 it's very seedy no that's a jack free
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00017-00005162-00005438 burger it's not something yeah yeah the
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00018-00005439-00005564 Reuben is something oh I thought this
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00019-00005565-00005875 was no the burgers like a combination of
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00020-00005876-00006110 injectors yeah that BLT is really good
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00021-00006111-00006275 and then this little game pls being good
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00022-00006276-00006445 I really like ribbon to you but I mean
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00023-00006447-00006650 as far as like my favorite kind of page
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00024-00006651-00006902 speed too but that tastes really good
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00025-00006903-00007153 what is the big contrast little applies
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00026-00007154-00007373 to VLC because I want to be healthy not
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00027-00007373-00007759 biting and that i will take a big bite
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00028-00007761-00008066 and feel too really good i should have
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00029-00008067-00008207 gone with my gut just not gonna be able
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00030-00008208-00008471 to god he's gonna everything looks like
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00031-00008472-00008630 them just like macaroni and cheese in
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00032-00008631-00008759 the part of a holic and a sandwich
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00033-00008760-00008974 nothing about them I love homemade
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00034-00008975-00009305 lemonade it brings me back oh I love any
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00035-00009306-00009812 kind of me descriptive it's not very
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00036-00009813-00009980 pleased they don't think this is at all
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00037-00009981-00010217 what kind of fuel ism really those
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00038-00010218-00010550 rubles at it Rubio's the video but it's
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00039-00010551-00010874 really good that its crew hi hi this is
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00040-00010875-00011089 itself homer in order that sounds a
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00041-00011090-00011345 combination very good yes hello again go
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00042-00011346-00011627 to Arnold Francesca mm-hmm i love i love
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00043-00011628-00011900 kills key lego it does not drive doesn't
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00044-00011901-00012101 necessarily blacks but like yeah like I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00045-00012102-00012404 hate black killed green hills gray ghost
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00046-00012405-00013762 killer ball verbal is just amazing
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00047-00013763-00014066 what who is this love I think it's just
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00048-00014066-00014477 read a diet that was I spicy it's super
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00049-00014478-00014765 good in selecting so clean I think it
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00050-00014766-00015044 that we go like we're like I alike with
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00051-00015044-00015311 your teeth though yes get a half man I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00052-00015312-00015599 love seeing couples succeed in vegan
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00053-00015600-00015803 cafe and I said ones you're changing the
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00054-00015804-00016447 world I mean we use like this is not
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00055-00016448-00016586 gonna let it slowly going kind of
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00056-00016587-00017249 caveman whoa whoa oh my gosh yeah I'm
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00057-00017250-00017441 kind of obsessed starting to think I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00058-00017442-00017636 really that's something to write yep I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00059-00017637-00018086 really like tofu but that's breaded tofu
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00060-00018087-00018385 so the Buffalo yeah reddit sup lessons
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00061-00018386-00018658 you want so through that place is dark
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00062-00018659-00018844 your lungs healthy cooking french girls
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00063-00018845-00019203 go back in with buffalo crispy bread is
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00064-00019204-00019464 on the same way down I mean I also do
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00065-00019465-00019741 but I don't like playing tofu like in
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00066-00019742-00019867 the suit that's not done anything to
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00067-00019868-00020119 look like every yr you do there's no
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00068-00020120-00020400 colorful figure out where to go at this
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00069-00020401-00020847 thing baby now yeah lucky you want
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00070-00020848-00021025 you'll read you breathe through your
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00071-00021026-00021175 nose when you're eating I quickly
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00072-00021176-00021384 welcome Bobby this way you look like a
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00073-00021385-00021880 pink down nation sprinkle up on pokey
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00074-00021881-00022089 there's a ramble you just put like
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00075-00022090-00022267 flower like you but to go right up my
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00076-00022268-00022525 nose that woulda been a table I've been
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00077-00022526-00022983 told her about it have to live is that
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00078-00022984-00023374 we like everywhere oh that's don't ask I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00079-00023375-00023583 love it when Deacon duty and I'm penises
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00080-00023584-00023778 it's all because you can i love the link
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00081-00023779-00024925 ova ta like as a hard-ass okay you know
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00082-00024926-00025062 it's not good wait did you bake didn't
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00083-00025063-00025222 like it one did you take pictures of
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00084-00025223-00025762 life the two sandwiches ya know here's
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00085-00025763-00026412 what's up beam dreams i love that with
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00086-00026413-00026557 you now I haven't happy tune in forever
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00087-00026558-00026707 booties we thought was in eighth grade
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00088-00026708-00026962 I've never had working what do you mean
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00089-00026963-00027171 you wait a while yes no not until like
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00090-00027172-00027406 Canada oh and then by then I couldn't
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00091-00027407-00027712 have it oh she's rising baby you'd be
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00092-00027713-00027921 like a southern thing I know the
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00093-00027922-00028045 northern
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00094-00028045-00028397 weird Brady if you get North enough
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00095-00028398-00028964 pretty much south is as if Drew's with
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00096-00028964-00029426 my grandmother yeah yeah cuz I just out
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00097-00029427-00029669 and said it was gone two things love you
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00098-00029670-00029804 and see I'm like you don't know with
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00099-00029805-00030191 your liner no thank you gonna let it but
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00100-00030192-00030308 if you like there's no confused because
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00101-00030308-00030845 they are
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00102-00030845-00031344 Wisconsin I thank you gosh I'm on a
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00103-00031345-00031713 sandwich hmm do you want to send me eat
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00104-00031714-00031911 basically hope never makes me very happy
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00105-00031912-00032130 gotta make her happy gotta eat more I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00106-00032131-00032414 make myself happy to make order be darn
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+JXo4nGZAFDg-00108-00032727-00033030 scarecrow fight ya have any good Meghan
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00109-00033031-00033300 dude read either ponytail for tattoos Oh
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00110-00033301-00033540 Tony tells have to kind of dude you're
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00111-00033541-00033681 going to be the tattoo dude you just
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00112-00033682-00033969 haven't started yet we have no money I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00113-00033970-00034191 really am start ever feel like you say
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00114-00034192-00034413 that that's not good no cuz what you
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00115-00034414-00034584 would want it but it's just a mountain
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00116-00034585-00034761 the credit I work like really test your
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00117-00034762-00034920 life everywhere if you're what I want
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00118-00034921-00035172 here Lily baby don't actually spin yeah
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00119-00035173-00035361 that could be second defects and
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00120-00035362-00035610 everything for next time I'm no meet you
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00121-00035611-00035826 like our neck when a bus you know how
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00122-00035827-00035982 guys cute by the back of his neck yeah
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00123-00035983-00036213 you're like oh hurry up and I'm more
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00124-00036214-00036435 like a guide at the Nexus yeah part of
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00125-00036436-00036648 it he's gonna go like proportional
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00126-00036649-00036900 little bumpy that's all they can I have
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00127-00036901-00037155 it you just come out of cell away that
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00128-00037156-00037515 everybody has Adam's apples pacific time
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00129-00037516-00037695 once I start getting says be so like I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00130-00037696-00038010 really do to spawn long-range sensors
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00131-00038011-00038436 ya know whatever it's a lot I mean can
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00132-00038437-00038598 another man i'm more of a moment
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00133-00038599-00038925 flatware matters yeah exactly what we
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00134-00038926-00039138 had a discussion once the bad things but
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00135-00039139-00039552 that was a joke yeah my bday was just is
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00136-00039553-00039879 important but i wasn't kidding are you
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00137-00039880-00040110 gonna listen in he's trying to breathe
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00138-00040111-00040487 ya know then the breeze let's go girl
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00139-00040488-00040737 because I'm throw some years well the
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00140-00040738-00041520 reason why you sound like you're
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00141-00041521-00041682 snorting since all cried out that's all
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00142-00041683-00041985 oh my gosh cause for remembering that
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00143-00041986-00042465 farm table restaurant oh so nice one
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+JXo4nGZAFDg-00146-00042790-00043134 farmers people that oh yeah when it yeah
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00147-00043135-00043401 we could there thank god man oh right
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00148-00043402-00043590 okay and that weighed all the desert I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00149-00043591-00043764 was just fancy restaurant because even
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00150-00043765-00044016 the one in LA it was expensive but it
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00151-00044017-00044292 wasn't as fancy it was more hip yeah
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00152-00044293-00044502 which one winter line more urban he has
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+JXo4nGZAFDg-00154-00044662-00044808 light fixtures and things like that and
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00155-00044809-00044967 what they do with the wall oh wow am I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00156-00044968-00045135 remembering this I don't know because I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00157-00045136-00045456 I remember like looking at the light
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00158-00045457-00045750 fixtures in the one with andreea like it
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00159-00045751-00046023 was very I'm agreeing that it's fancy
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00160-00046024-00046212 but it was more it was more industrials
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00161-00046213-00046479 more urban is more clean but he cited
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00162-00046480-00046764 for sharp lined I que la yeah I mean
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00163-00046765-00046938 yeah and they have as much more like um
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00164-00046939-00047118 beyond from light there's any of Hawaii
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00165-00047119-00047484 like so fancy dress from Hawaii and guys
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00166-00047485-00047802 hey guys I got to grow meet the last
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00167-00047803-00048007 year last year was so good
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00168-00048008-00048243 so many good look at these trip yeah we
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00169-00048244-00048535 seem to get it off like the bank Sarah I
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00170-00048536-00048886 was like all the texts to California all
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00171-00048887-00049108 the way back and there's a Hawaiian and
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00172-00049109-00049314 type of my engagement and I started like
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00173-00049315-00049705 the first six months of 2015 Williamson
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00174-00049706-00049933 crazy yeah and then the elastic pants
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00175-00049934-00050173 were down not so much still even touring
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00176-00050174-00050352 the beginning of the tour was fun yeah
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00177-00050353-00050589 this is enforcing that law down though
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00178-00050590-00050805 no I meant like image option and it was
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00179-00050806-00050998 a bit as well smell another what thanks
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00180-00050999-00051436 dude doesn't it yes the six months yeah
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00181-00051437-00051756 I say in the first half of the year and
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00182-00051757-00051961 the second half was like no bueno I mean
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00183-00051962-00052135 it was fine but we got to go to New
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00184-00052136-00052324 Orleans that was fun we took four people
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00185-00052325-00052581 were even started on how my star on a
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00186-00052582-00052915 project the people at VIP nails base 11
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00187-00052916-00053175 Orleans yeah Hickory oh yes okay oh yeah
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00188-00053176-00053325 ok then addendum people who worked with
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00189-00053326-00053524 you cookie many people who work it can
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+JXo4nGZAFDg-00191-00053687-00054049 mmm good so the deal is the waitresses
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00192-00054050-00054267 and waiters whatever they pay for
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00193-00054269-00054511 whatever you order and then they get
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+JXo4nGZAFDg-00195-00054698-00054940 the order they pay for it that's not
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00196-00054941-00055116 weird it's so busy that they just they
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00197-00055117-00055315 can't today they pay for it and Benito
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00198-00055316-00055626 that of work that's why I was kind of
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+JXo4nGZAFDg-00200-00055729-00055954 they're always walking out some people
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00201-00055954-00056151 like us who and now we need no we need a
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00202-00056152-00056386 new one should i buy new ones for it
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00203-00056387-00056742 yeah a tapper much good so that that's
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00204-00056744-00056938 why like okay that makes more sense why
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00205-00056939-00057150 she's like no I find some reason why no
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00206-00057151-00057366 all right that's that yeah we spent
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00207-00057367-00057692 Trammell at me yeah I rest but any lady
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00208-00057694-00057916 there was more purple dye and we can
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00209-00057916-00058162 kind of watch right guys not like they
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+JXo4nGZAFDg-00211-00058325-00058525 when the teacher would readily
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+JXo4nGZAFDg-00215-00059080-00059374 yeah where the black kid yeah no I'll be
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00216-00059375-00059587 like a dude in school yeah it was like a
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00217-00059588-00059710 point i would say it was it's like
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00218-00059711-00059838 health day or something i don't know
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00219-00059839-00060093 what you're complaining and then you're
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00220-00060094-00060216 like okay and Britain my face like
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+JXo4nGZAFDg-00225-00060797-00060991 pigment and that's amenity like okay
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00226-00060991-00061198 boss sitting up like th needs like wrong
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00227-00061199-00061380 yeah that's just got excited oh like you
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00228-00061382-00061615 as I uncle even dental floss harm
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00229-00061616-00061881 surprise okay cuz my grade school y'all
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00230-00061882-00062086 ready to go soon you mean in your friend
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00231-00062087-00062934 I did not look gone we mean stop of it
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00232-00062935-00063144 I'm glad little thing on that I like
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00233-00063145-00063393 stop and we were done and we're like one
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00234-00063394-00063736 more oh no but no all right yeah the
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+JXo4nGZAFDg-00236-00063962-00064123 go Adam you got hit the road another
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00237-00064124-00064242 radio station
+JXo4nGZAFDg-00238-00064244-00064973 [Music]
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00000-00000149-00000446 hey guys Scott here with zaz marketing I
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00001-00000447-00000668 might ask a simple question how would
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00002-00000669-00000841 you like to say between 25 cents and a
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00003-00000842-00001100 dollar on every gallon of gasoline or
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00004-00001101-00001316 diesel fuel that you purchase how would
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00005-00001317-00001441 you like to get paid showing others how
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00006-00001442-00001693 to do the same thing well I already know
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00007-00001694-00001930 the answer before you say a word of
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00008-00001932-00002134 course you would says marketing has a
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00009-00002135-00002305 product that will allow you to do just
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00010-00002306-00002500 that this product has been used now for
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00011-00002501-00002771 the past 15 years by individuals by
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00012-00002772-00003013 farmers fishermen truck drivers major
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00013-00003014-00003211 companies and municipalities around the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00014-00003213-00003407 world it's manufactured right here in
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00015-00003408-00003635 the United States and currently ships to
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00016-00003636-00003875 over 20 countries for the past several
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00017-00003876-00004067 years many people feel they've been
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00018-00004068-00004286 taking advantage of it the gas pop how
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00019-00004287-00004529 about you but now's as marketing has a
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00020-00004530-00004739 product that we can all use and fight
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00021-00004740-00004910 back against the high price of gasoline
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00022-00004911-00005141 or diesel fuel how would you like to be
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00023-00005142-00005360 a part of that our product is quite
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00024-00005361-00005621 simply a little green pill it's a one
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00025-00005622-00005798 hundred percent natural product and it
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00026-00005799-00005960 contains no harmful ingredients like
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00027-00005961-00006191 mothballs and after Lana so that means
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00028-00006192-00006397 it's safe to handle and doesn't smell
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00029-00006398-00006680 bad as a matter of fact it's safe for
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+JXu9toQIqJ0-00031-00006852-00007076 motorcycle your motorhome anything with
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00032-00007077-00007288 a combustible engine from this little
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00033-00007289-00007502 green pill dissolves that's when the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00034-00007503-00007777 magic begins well actually it's not
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00035-00007778-00007999 magic because there's a lot of science
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00036-00008000-00008164 and a lot of know-how behind the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00037-00008165-00008371 engineering of this product it's safe
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00038-00008372-00008524 for your vehicle will increase the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00039-00008525-00008702 horsepower will increase your fuel
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00040-00008703-00008881 mileage and it will help the environment
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00041-00008882-00009178 by reducing tailpipe emissions by up to
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00042-00009179-00009445 fifty percent but most importantly we
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00043-00009446-00009634 have a business opportunity for people
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00044-00009635-00009848 just like you and me that affords the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00045-00009849-00010066 average person the opportunity to earn
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00046-00010067-00010316 an above average income when you start a
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00047-00010317-00010523 business whether it's with zaz marketing
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00048-00010524-00010687 or if you purchase a mcdonald's
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00049-00010688-00010903 franchise there's three main ingredients
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00050-00010904-00011144 that you need to have to be successful
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00051-00011145-00011446 we like to call them the three P's the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00052-00011447-00011752 product the people and the pay plan when
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00053-00011753-00011899 you look at a product you should have
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00054-00011900-00012091 mass appeal and it should work without
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00055-00012092-00012268 having a big learning curve
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00056-00012269-00012433 when you look at the people running the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00057-00012434-00012604 business they should have a good
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00058-00012605-00012813 business experience and the integrity to
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00059-00012815-00013027 back it up when it comes to the pay plan
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00060-00013028-00013291 it has to be simple and it has to be
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00061-00013291-00013488 easy for a person to get the money back
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00062-00013490-00013732 that they started with but at the same
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00063-00013733-00014026 time giving people the opportunity to
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00064-00014027-00014241 earn more money in a month and they earn
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00065-00014243-00014527 in a year if they apply themselves guys
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00066-00014528-00014665 we feel like we have the best of the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00067-00014666-00014905 three P's here it says marketing you
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00068-00014906-00015076 know anyone who uses gasoline or diesel
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00069-00015077-00015394 fuel of course you do almost everyone
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00070-00015394-00015591 the testimonies that are coming in from
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00071-00015593-00015811 around the globe are putting smiles on
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00072-00015812-00016060 the faces of thousands of people my wife
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00073-00016061-00016306 and I Drive a 2012 Chevy Avalanche pick
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00074-00016307-00016588 up we're getting a four mile per gallon
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00075-00016589-00016795 increase in our mileage which is a
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00076-00016796-00017131 savings of 23% guys it doesn't matter if
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00077-00017132-00017326 you drive a pickup truck or a luxury car
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00078-00017327-00017635 our product flat-out works that's what
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00079-00017636-00017770 makes the first p or the first
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00080-00017771-00017974 ingredients so great we have a product
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00081-00017975-00018235 it works and it has mass appeal and oh
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00082-00018236-00018391 by the way for those of you who are
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00083-00018392-00018658 wondering yes our product is EPA
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00084-00018659-00018880 registered the second Peter is the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00085-00018881-00019114 people behind the business mr. Jim Lynch
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00086-00019115-00019309 he's the engineer behind the scenes with
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00087-00019310-00019609 over 35 years of experience our little
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00088-00019610-00019813 green pill has been produced since 1999
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00089-00019814-00020026 and jim currently has the ability to
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00090-00020027-00020335 produce over 1 million per day and every
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00091-00020336-00020431 one of them come with a one
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00092-00020432-00020731 hundred-percent money-back guarantee the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00093-00020732-00020971 low startup costs on a free website and
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00094-00020972-00021109 a free back office to track your
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00095-00021110-00021328 business the foundation has been laid
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00096-00021329-00021547 here it's as marketing for you to be
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00097-00021548-00021760 successful think about this for just a
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00098-00021761-00022069 minute experts agree that golden
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00099-00022070-00022210 opportunities come along two to three
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00100-00022211-00022525 times in a person's lifetime did you
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00101-00022526-00022699 know most people passing by
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00102-00022700-00022918 don't let zaz marketing in our little
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00103-00022919-00023185 green pill pass you by there are average
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00104-00023186-00023332 people just like you and me that are
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00105-00023333-00023458 earning hundreds and thousands of
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00106-00023459-00023635 dollars working their own home-based
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00107-00023636-00023842 business even though we don't make
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00108-00023843-00024124 income claims our pay plan is what makes
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00109-00024125-00024376 the third p with a third ingredient so
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00110-00024377-00024571 important you can earn a few hundred
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00111-00024572-00024790 dollars a week where you can earn up to
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00112-00024791-00025021 over a million dollars a year it's
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00113-00025022-00025273 entirely up to you we encourage you to
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00114-00025274-00025414 take a good close look at what we have
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00115-00025415-00025555 how would you like to earn a hundred
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00116-00025556-00025719 dollars for every one hundred ninety
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00117-00025720-00025891 nine dollars so you may how would you
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00118-00025892-00026028 like to earn a residual income from
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00119-00026029-00026233 thousands of potential customers that
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00120-00026233-00026458 use our little green pill every single
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00121-00026458-00026640 week how would you like to get paid
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00122-00026641-00026860 daily every time you're in a commission
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00123-00026861-00027142 with your owns a spy car that's right
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00124-00027143-00027370 guys we have instant pay twenty four
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00125-00027370-00027652 seven every time you view our money it
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00126-00027652-00027919 gets put on your pay card instantly you
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00127-00027920-00028102 see why so many people are excited about
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00128-00028102-00028369 sales marketing there is no doubt Zaz is
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00129-00028370-00028527 going to be the buzz word in the
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00130-00028529-00028815 industry don't let it buzzed by you tell
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00131-00028816-00028972 the person who shared this with you want
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00132-00028973-00029170 to start saving money and making money
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00133-00029170-00029419 today thanks for listening in and we
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00134-00029420-00029571 look forward to having you on our team
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00135-00029572-00030057 here at zaz marketing
+JXu9toQIqJ0-00136-00030058-00030263 you
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00000-00000016-00000359 stupid no don't hide from me new game
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00001-00000360-00000686 no no new game custom
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00002-00000687-00001322 story custom change profile
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00003-00001323-00001491 [Applause]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00004-00001492-00001814 options
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00005-00001816-00003399 my man really did it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00006-00003400-00003647 oh look at that place we just left off
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00007-00003647-00003847 of in the last time and all the time we
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00008-00003847-00003975 were playing it before there was no
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00009-00003976-00004286 problems whatsoever
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00010-00004287-00004631 hey i remember this
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00011-00004632-00004791 yeah so what would happen what happened
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00012-00004792-00004959 was uh i like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00013-00004960-00005206 i exited out of the razor thing for my
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00014-00005207-00005335 headphones
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00015-00005336-00005615 yeah and i guess since i did that it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00016-00005616-00006079 didn't have time to like set it up
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00017-00006080-00006391 as you were saying yeah so it kind of
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00018-00006392-00006559 freaked it out so this is where we came
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00019-00006559-00006687 from right
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00020-00006688-00007031 no no wait
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00021-00007031-00007367 oh yeah wait is it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00022-00007368-00007614 yeah because i'm pretty i thought we it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00023-00007615-00007734 was a
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00024-00007736-00008103 transitioning door was it wait yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00025-00008104-00008231 oh yeah it was that one that one looks
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00026-00008232-00008478 different okay okay i got it i got you
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00027-00008479-00008831 so let's go in here
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00028-00008832-00009342 any spooky in here
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00029-00009343-00009567 that sure sounds spooky hey a friend
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00030-00009568-00009719 that sure is spooky
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00031-00009720-00010127 oh boy any spooky here hello and spooky
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00032-00010128-00010519 scary oh wow look at that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00033-00010520-00010903 my boy saw it as a
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00034-00010904-00011214 the rape is tanged upside down
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00035-00011215-00011495 as tears soiled with blood flowing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00036-00011496-00011670 flooding from his belly
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00037-00011671-00012014 a saw between his legs
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00038-00012015-00012342 itself and in the hip and wouldn't move
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00039-00012343-00012470 any further
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00040-00012471-00012670 the men stepped back and waited for the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00041-00012671-00012838 victim to drain
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00042-00012839-00013183 oh [__] oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00043-00013184-00013558 [__] oh they took away his deadly
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00044-00013559-00013766 privileges you think he's still a rapist
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00045-00013768-00014135 oh orp no i i think they took away his
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00046-00014136-00014207 uh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00047-00014208-00014575 ability wait there's a diagram here
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00048-00014576-00014943 oh oh wow
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00049-00014944-00015311 look at that point
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00050-00015312-00015958 this guy's finger oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00051-00015959-00016286 what's going on oh well i'm giving this
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00052-00016287-00016383 man a new uh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00053-00016384-00016575 longer butthole installment how much
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00054-00016576-00016783 blood does he want to happen
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00055-00016784-00017158 um enough to leave a face still
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00056-00017159-00017350 or i don't think daniel likes being
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00057-00017351-00017543 around this but like for real
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00058-00017544-00017711 that guy made a new butt crack for that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00059-00017712-00017847 man yeah his
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00060-00017848-00018183 [__] time was quadrupled
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00061-00018184-00018367 right you didn't see anything do dude
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00062-00018368-00018983 rats are like i ain't seen nothing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00063-00018984-00019271 and the rest of the room is so cool i
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00064-00019272-00019422 know
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00065-00019423-00019694 but they haven't raped this change yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00066-00019695-00020079 we should probably implement that again
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00067-00020080-00020391 implement what the torture chamber left
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00068-00020392-00020478 the head
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00069-00020479-00020799 yeah oh okay let's have a look at that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00070-00020800-00020935 where is this
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00071-00020936-00021255 here what's your turn the kidney actor
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00072-00021256-00021399 sat on her knee oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00073-00021400-00021727 [__] she oh yes
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00074-00021728-00022022 was her hands tied behind her back she
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00075-00022023-00022207 felt her hands being lifted
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00076-00022208-00022463 her body followed her shoulders gave way
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00077-00022464-00022663 to the weight of her own body
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00078-00022664-00022991 and cracked loudly the suspended woman
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00079-00022992-00023263 cried hysteriously as the men
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00080-00023264-00023567 contemplated their necks okay that is
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00081-00023568-00023655 not as bad
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00082-00023656-00024022 as that's the last one no
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00083-00024023-00024263 she's like staying there and he like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00084-00024264-00024663 wait let's see the diagram
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00085-00024664-00024967 yep behind your back yeah yeah yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00086-00024968-00025094 that's worse than that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00087-00025095-00025327 oh no no i don't know they're equally
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00088-00025328-00025399 bad
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00089-00025400-00025614 i don't know one the guy that got the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00090-00025616-00025942 big saw probably died quicker
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00091-00025943-00026287 [Music]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00092-00026288-00026567 oh we can hear the cries let's not stop
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00093-00026568-00026646 let's keep going
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00094-00026647-00027655 he's getting crunched on
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00095-00027656-00028083 this crunchy time definitely oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00096-00028083-00028470 oh wait
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00097-00028472-00028639 like deep boning a chicken but the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00098-00028639-00028870 chicken is a human being
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00099-00028872-00029199 oh my god oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00100-00029200-00029431 daniel i'm sorry for you seeing that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00101-00029432-00029574 what if he was the one doing it though
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00102-00029575-00029879 because he was a torturer
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00103-00029880-00030183 wait a minute
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00104-00030183-00030358 why are we still freaking out daniel
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00105-00030360-00030558 calm down
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00106-00030560-00030727 you thought they raped it we left to
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00107-00030727-00031023 rape this room
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00108-00031024-00031407 oh yeah that's a tour
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00109-00031408-00031823 that's terrible to sit in yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00110-00031824-00032502 all right what's that door over here
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00111-00032503-00033399 can we calm down um what's our sanity
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00112-00033400-00033511 wait we can drink one of those health
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00113-00033512-00035046 posts and bring a brain back no
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00114-00035047-00035574 actually saying this the cradle is ready
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00115-00035575-00036199 don't pay his lies any attention
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00116-00036200-00036918 he set a man on fire
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00117-00036919-00037271 that's horrible of course we are dealing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00118-00037272-00037302 with
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00119-00037303-00037883 monsters here
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00120-00037884-00038230 oh this one
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00121-00038231-00038543 oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00122-00038544-00039783 oh no whatever
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00123-00039784-00040167 oh we made the sound oh my god
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00124-00040168-00040671 chain right there chain right there
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00125-00040672-00041615 how do
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00126-00041616-00041918 the arsonist kept crying as he was
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00127-00041919-00042062 slowly lowered
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00128-00042063-00042415 on and off the inhaler it did not take
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00129-00042416-00042583 much to break him
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00130-00042584-00042774 they had meant for him to die but the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00131-00042775-00042951 torture was working beyond their
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00132-00042952-00043102 expectations
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00133-00043103-00043355 it wasn't the method it was the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00134-00043356-00043502 arthritis
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00135-00043503-00043743 he was different than the others or from
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00136-00043744-00043911 the others
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00137-00043912-00044199 they could make him forget again so
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00138-00044200-00044383 since the last video was kind of weird
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00139-00044384-00044511 because it was old woman because that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00140-00044512-00044583 happened
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00141-00044584-00044751 but basically they tortured these people
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00142-00044752-00044895 get their fear essence
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00143-00044896-00045183 yeah and then seeing their fear yeah and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00144-00045184-00045239 then
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00145-00045240-00045462 they give them amnesia as a drink they
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00146-00045463-00045615 make them forget everything
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00147-00045616-00046055 how do you forget your ass okay yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00148-00046056-00046958 you wake up my ass hurts yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00149-00046959-00048271 your ass it seems like it's in danger
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00150-00048272-00048455 we're missing some oh there it is oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00151-00048456-00048918 there it is
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00152-00048919-00049174 that's all okay let's get out of here
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00153-00049175-00049367 can we craft that orb
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00154-00049368-00049695 is he they won't stay
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00155-00049696-00050158 together stay together maybe our boy uh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00156-00050159-00050758 agrippa can put him to get a bone
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00157-00050759-00051086 oh no i'm sorry yeah remains can you put
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00158-00051087-00051414 the bone on the rope and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00159-00051415-00051999 nope oh yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00160-00052000-00052223 waiting for you to exit the menu when
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00161-00052224-00052487 i'm when i am menu
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00162-00052488-00052911 you aren't here uh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00163-00052912-00053566 yep that's all three all right
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00164-00053567-00053894 huh was it three or six pieces um
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00165-00053895-00053991 they're pretty big
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00166-00053991-00054254 i'd say it's three yeah it's gonna be
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00167-00054255-00054447 like hey you got all the pieces
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00168-00054448-00054647 but but there's no but yeah you forgot
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00169-00054648-00054838 three of them
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00170-00054839-00054942 i don't know where they would be there
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00171-00054944-00055191 were only three rooms oh they put them
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00172-00055191-00055335 on that i thought it was a wedge
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00173-00055336-00055494 and you split them in half which is also
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00174-00055495-00055679 equally as bad but
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00175-00055679-00055838 that right there you put them in their
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00176-00055839-00056082 butthole and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00177-00056083-00057326 well
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00178-00057327-00057582 oh there is more oh i know where he
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00179-00057583-00057735 wants us to go
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00180-00057736-00058054 um the other place this way
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00181-00058055-00058791 um yeah you're right yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00182-00058791-00059038 oh god two doors whichever well not that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00183-00059039-00059182 one that's the uh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00184-00059183-00059719 progression door yeah portion here
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00185-00059720-00060111 rotation here like that on the ceiling
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00186-00060112-00060559 there's a light on the ceiling
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00187-00060560-00060966 yes
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00188-00060967-00061406 note oh sit down chair
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00189-00061407-00062559 we sat down we said immersion
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00190-00062560-00062830 from the other side i trust them with my
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00191-00062832-00062894 trip
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00192-00062895-00065191 hold on oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00193-00065191-00065623 okay
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00194-00065624-00065894 where it tossed me from the other side i
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00195-00065895-00066119 trust him with my true reason for my
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00196-00066120-00066199 entrance
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00197-00066200-00066487 and still he insists on releasing it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00198-00066488-00066711 releasing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00199-00066712-00067079 following my man and show such lack of
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00200-00067080-00067303 compassion in the seat of power
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00201-00067304-00067711 disgust i can't bring myself depart
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00202-00067712-00068087 from a beer as he has been
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00203-00068088-00068319 for centuries my only link to the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00204-00068320-00068487 world's beyond
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00205-00068488-00068759 where claims he tries his best to
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00206-00068760-00068799 release
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00207-00068800-00069126 me from my punishment but that's
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00208-00069127-00069438 but that gave me wait yeah but that he
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00209-00069439-00069503 needed
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00210-00069504-00069887 to give him a purple first so he too can
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00211-00069888-00070159 if he could guarantee success i would
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00212-00070160-00070350 happily oblige
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00213-00070351-00070694 but how am i depart from if my return
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00214-00070695-00070782 might be
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00215-00070783-00071103 denied i know what
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00216-00071104-00071359 they are capable of seeing their
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00217-00071360-00071482 deception
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00218-00071483-00071791 optimism is the most hopeless feeling
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00219-00071792-00072119 not less protected i
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00220-00072120-00072455 can't prepare for his release to release
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00221-00072456-00072623 agreement without killing him
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00222-00072624-00072823 where told me to feed him with tonight
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00223-00072824-00073031 that from a paralyzer
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00224-00073032-00073447 lighter and tempered
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00225-00073448-00073655 the pores of this fungus should work as
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00226-00073656-00073791 a pair of eyes and actually
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00227-00073792-00074103 find the internal gland from the large
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00228-00074104-00074191 scent
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00229-00074192-00074535 or specimen the choir
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00230-00074536-00074967 seems to be a fertile ground for this
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00231-00074968-00075199 we should then be able to extract its
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00232-00075200-00075359 context with
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00233-00075360-00075687 the poor aqua tools dividation
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00234-00075688-00076038 could be extracted as usual from any
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00235-00076039-00076350 agonized human victim one
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00236-00076351-00076567 i just need large enough to distill the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00237-00076568-00076655 problem and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00238-00076656-00076919 remember to collect this during the next
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00239-00076920-00077150 41st century
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00240-00077151-00077462 timber on the other hand will prove
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00241-00077463-00077791 more difficult i don't think it exists
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00242-00077792-00077862 in this world
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00243-00077863-00078087 simply writing the word with these
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00244-00078088-00078271 letters from the world
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00245-00078272-00078631 i believe is properly on the suppression
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00246-00078632-00079038 and the water drawing turner
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00247-00079039-00079326 i will have to address where with this
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00248-00079327-00079406 as he
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00249-00079407-00079791 has to supply me with the host
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00250-00079792-00080094 also i'll probably prepared well
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00251-00080095-00081662 should suffice to contain
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00252-00081663-00081903 are you there danny are we gonna have to
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00253-00081904-00082143 torture someone again
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00254-00082144-00082406 he's gonna be alive hey my booty don't
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00255-00082407-00082831 do it i don't know
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00256-00082832-00083015 in the court the order of the black
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00257-00083016-00083238 eagles spew their politics at each other
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00258-00083239-00083455 while i sit quietly in place
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00259-00083456-00083743 willfully forgotten once in a while
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00260-00083744-00083903 someone will notice me and lose
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00261-00083904-00084055 themselves in a silent
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00262-00084056-00084367 cower before regaining their senses
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00263-00084368-00084550 they all know that i am the one in the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00264-00084551-00084750 same alexander who helped their
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00265-00084751-00084999 fathers and grandfathers to fund this
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00266-00085000-00085118 great order
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00267-00085119-00085294 i've seen them take their father's
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00268-00085295-00085575 places and they too will grow old and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00269-00085576-00085679 pass away
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00270-00085680-00086079 while i remain the same aged not by time
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00271-00086080-00086438 but by anguish yeah immortality would be
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00272-00086439-00086638 the one of the worst things ever
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00273-00086639-00086999 exactly like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00274-00087000-00087287 yeah but imagine like playing a game and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00275-00087288-00087438 you know you're never gonna die you're
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00276-00087439-00087526 never gonna prove
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00277-00087527-00087855 are you you're never gonna die and like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00278-00087856-00088282 i don't know it's weird to explain like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00279-00088283-00088586 peekaboo
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00280-00088587-00089447 [Music]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00281-00089448-00089918 can you hear me
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00282-00089919-00090223 yeah peekaboo that's a peekaboo you've
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00283-00090224-00090399 never played pikachu before
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00284-00090400-00090775 no it's like a childhood game as a child
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00285-00090776-00092206 does it like cave explorer it's the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00286-00092207-00092359 after the man has secured the president
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00287-00092360-00092671 the ritual began
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00288-00092672-00092791 yeah i would mess up the original
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00289-00092792-00093303 because i don't understand any event
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00290-00093304-00093479 so did they get the knife and start
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00291-00093480-00093662 stabbing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00292-00093663-00093806 or did they get the pliers and they're
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00293-00093807-00093959 like i don't know i think they would
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00294-00093960-00094006 like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00295-00094007-00094279 do like i don't know imagine like box
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00296-00094280-00094455 cutter blades all over your body that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00297-00094456-00094631 would probably be the worst
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00298-00094632-00094935 that'd be a pretty bad ritual
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00299-00094936-00095847 oh another ritual oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00300-00095848-00096215 the shadow beckons and its cry disarmed
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00301-00096216-00096982 my actions
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00302-00096983-00097287 alexander produces a knife he wants me
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00303-00097288-00097711 to cut the flesh do it save yourself
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00304-00097712-00098031 he is a murderer daniel he is evil
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00305-00098032-00098374 a cold blooded killer hurry
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00306-00098375-00098726 alexander you must let me be
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00307-00098727-00099079 i have to concentrate
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00308-00099080-00099382 cut the lines cut the flesh watch the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00309-00099383-00099511 blood spill
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00310-00099512-00100206 let it go
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00311-00100207-00100882 please i didn't do anything
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00312-00100883-00101287 wow
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00313-00101288-00102303 jesus
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00314-00102304-00102623 oh well one life
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00315-00102624-00102990 for another you hear me guardian of the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00316-00102991-00103071 orb
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00317-00103072-00103415 i did all this for you now
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00318-00103416-00103806 once more withdraw your shadow from my
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00319-00103807-00105086 domain
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00320-00105088-00105399 wow alexander there isn't much time
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00321-00105400-00105686 i can feel it oh he's having a [__]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00322-00105688-00105815 crazy wednesday
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00323-00105816-00106327 whatever it takes
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00324-00106328-00106583 we did the big slice today the rose
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00325-00106583-00106958 petals
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00326-00106959-00107654 wow please [__] that man
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00327-00107655-00108334 all right
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00328-00108335-00108647 maybe we are a bad man maybe
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00329-00108648-00108999 maybe
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00330-00109000-00109366 we gave it away oh no for a second there
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00331-00109367-00109599 i thought it was
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00332-00109600-00109999 man always stop letting me look away
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00333-00110000-00110278 huh didn't let me look away for a second
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00334-00110279-00110358 what are my
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00335-00110359-00110807 intentions daniel salvation
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00336-00110808-00111134 it used to be yours but now you only
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00337-00111135-00111366 seek misplaced revenge
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00338-00111367-00111678 how do you justify your violence is it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00339-00111679-00111831 for the greater good
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00340-00111832-00112199 are you doing the world a service
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00341-00112200-00112463 it is you who caused all this pain and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00342-00112464-00112534 death
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00343-00112535-00112710 if you had accepted your fate and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00344-00112711-00112847 submitted to the orb
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00345-00112848-00113071 when you first discovered it none of
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00346-00113072-00113271 this would have happened
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00347-00113272-00113495 it is curiosity in league with your
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00348-00113496-00113599 selfishness
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00349-00113600-00114695 that is killing us both
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00350-00114696-00115910 [Music]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00351-00115911-00116566 oh no don't kill her
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00352-00116567-00116743 is that that thing that band's named
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00353-00116744-00117134 after oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00354-00117135-00117463 yeah i forgot the name of the band but i
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00355-00117464-00117966 know what that is
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00356-00117967-00118271 oh yeah a bone when you know the bone in
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00357-00118272-00118519 our inventory isn't good enough
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00358-00118520-00118886 yeah um i have a feeling oh wait what's
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00359-00118888-00119063 this
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00360-00119064-00119375 what is that oh i don't think we should
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00361-00119376-00119575 do that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00362-00119576-00119902 to be honest wait a minute
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00363-00119903-00120198 well it did open in front of us
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00364-00120199-00120390 [Music]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00365-00120391-00120775 and i think just for time boys yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00366-00120776-00121214 oh okay the forgers should absolutely
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00367-00121215-00121278 steal
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00368-00121279-00121527 their casket has been closed but a fake
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00369-00121528-00121639 light has made its
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00370-00121640-00121902 way inside the mirror of spikes pointed
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00371-00121903-00121943 out
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00372-00121944-00122158 glittering as they were waiting for his
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00373-00122159-00122286 body to slip
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00374-00122288-00122599 just for a moment his knee jerked as he
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00375-00122600-00122790 felt blood trickled down his leg
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00376-00122791-00123063 and in pain his head fell slightly
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00377-00123064-00123134 forward
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00378-00123135-00123319 it took him a while to realize his eye
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00379-00123320-00123510 has rubber ruptured
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00380-00123511-00124063 begin to leak
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00381-00124064-00124247 all right where's the picture here
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00382-00124248-00124399 picture time i think we have to go in
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00383-00124400-00124623 there to get that one thing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00384-00124624-00125119 second ingredient i don't think so but
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00385-00125120-00125343 maybe it'll hurt us if we're not
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00386-00125344-00126083 supposed to
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00387-00126083-00126486 oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00388-00126488-00127143 ow
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00389-00127144-00127351 okay nevermind that might just be a
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00390-00127352-00127878 place to hide then
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00391-00127879-00128510 the monster
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00392-00128511-00128814 this isn't even a castle anymore this is
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00393-00128815-00128927 a [__]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00394-00128928-00129399 actual hell yeah this is literal hell
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00395-00129400-00129543 yo man what's in your basement you got
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00396-00129544-00129751 some wine uh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00397-00129752-00129983 remember his booty hole torture why is
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00398-00129983-00130071 your basement
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00399-00130072-00130590 uh why is your basement down 100 miles
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00400-00130591-00130783 uh that's how we preserve our finest
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00401-00130783-00131683 wine yes the deeper you hold
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00402-00131684-00131806 up
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00403-00131807-00132594 [Music]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00404-00132595-00132847 [Music]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00405-00132848-00133183 our ass no thank
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00406-00133184-00133543 what the hell was that i don't know
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00407-00133544-00133943 and we're going this way though
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00408-00133944-00134414 no no no no hey
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00409-00134415-00134743 this uh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00410-00134744-00135575 see if we can jump on that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00411-00135576-00136014 where are we i mean hey it's there
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00412-00136015-00136487 there's a torch and stuff
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00413-00136488-00137054 take it easy doorway
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00414-00137055-00137407 that poisonous
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00415-00137408-00137783 impossible to break open
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00416-00137784-00138111 using bone
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00417-00138112-00138583 using input no no no hammer
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00418-00138584-00138943 and mortar the hammer is too weak to
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00419-00138944-00139135 break the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00420-00139136-00139423 wait a minute put the jar oh yeah we
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00421-00139424-00139478 need it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00422-00139479-00139831 for the thing wait what what do you want
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00423-00139832-00140127 from us
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00424-00140128-00140535 we gotta break it i guess
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00425-00140536-00140775 is that a whole ass [__] cow in there
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00426-00140776-00140878 hold up yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00427-00140879-00141039 so we gotta close this door so that man
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00428-00141040-00141247 don't go open our booty
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00429-00141248-00141502 no that's not a cow i know what this is
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00430-00141503-00141639 what is that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00431-00141640-00141959 it's the brazen bull or the bronze ball
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00432-00141960-00142199 wellness they put something in here and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00433-00142200-00142390 the person inside has a bad time
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00434-00142391-00142766 that's fire but you'll see oh i get it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00435-00142767-00142935 the trailer don't know what to think of
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00436-00142936-00143143 the brass ball as he was forced to enter
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00437-00143144-00143190 it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00438-00143191-00143390 only when the heat of fire began to
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00439-00143391-00143502 scorch his skin
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00440-00143503-00143726 and cook his flesh did he realize it was
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00441-00143727-00143823 his tune
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00442-00143824-00144023 his streams of pain echoed inside the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00443-00144024-00144143 brass chamber
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00444-00144144-00144326 and traveled to do the complex
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00445-00144327-00144678 instrument which was the girl's head
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00446-00144679-00144871 outside the men could hear the brass
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00447-00144872-00145031 involved well
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00448-00145032-00145214 i knew you must read that but i really
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00449-00145215-00145919 was interested in this thing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00450-00145920-00147590 magic hidden put in the the cow of shame
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00451-00147591-00147759 wait there's something over there behind
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00452-00147760-00148014 us
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00453-00148015-00148375 therefore what oh nevermind is this a
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00454-00148376-00148495 water glimmering
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00455-00148496-00148759 is there something by his butt let's
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00456-00148760-00149095 crawl up in here
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00457-00149096-00149197 can we use a tinder box
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00458-00149198-00149711 [Music]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00459-00149712-00149911 wait a minute yeah there should be a
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00460-00149912-00150014 guard somewhere
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00461-00150015-00150743 maybe in there maybe in the harvest
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00462-00150744-00151175 oh there it is hey shark yeah yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00463-00151176-00151359 about to say there's a pattern we need
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00464-00151360-00151551 we can't forget about our boy by the way
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00465-00151552-00151983 even though we get all the pieces
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00466-00151984-00152190 he's assuming that don't need the tonic
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00467-00152191-00152359 here wait so how do we
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00468-00152360-00152878 bust this
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00469-00152879-00153054 it's quite soft it should be possible
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00470-00153055-00153247 break open yeah let me use literally
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00471-00153248-00153390 anything oh [__]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00472-00153391-00153590 you're using the big boy oh we know
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00473-00153591-00153695 you're trying
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00474-00153696-00154431 a little bit a little caliber below
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00475-00154432-00154807 poison glands poison gland poison gland
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00476-00154808-00154999 poison gland what was the next thing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00477-00155000-00155135 that we needed
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00478-00155136-00155326 an essence of something here let's read
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00479-00155327-00156102 that note it should be in the book
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00480-00156103-00156463 what is it called
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00481-00156464-00156951 poisonous one guy we got that um
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00482-00156952-00157711 from any agonized human's blood yep
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00483-00157712-00158039 wait a minute
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00484-00158040-00158447 maybe we maybe oh [__]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00485-00158448-00158654 maybe it does want us in that iron
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00486-00158655-00158887 maiden and we didn't trigger it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00487-00158888-00159119 i mean it closed pretty hard on us yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00488-00159120-00159247 i thought it would do something
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00489-00159248-00159895 but you let you open it so
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00490-00159896-00160078 yeah it's at the blood and then that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00491-00160079-00160375 essence thing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00492-00160376-00160526 yeah something has to happen if we get
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00493-00160527-00160663 in here they wouldn't have opened it and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00494-00160664-00161083 made it so like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00495-00161084-00161535 elaborate
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00496-00161536-00162047 good night be sleeping
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00497-00162048-00162343 yeah you hear that there's a noise here
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00498-00162344-00162735 don't touch it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00499-00162736-00163807 look up
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00500-00163808-00164014 this thing even hurt us wait can you
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00501-00164015-00164878 rape up the blood from
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00502-00164879-00165014 yeah i just realized that i thought the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00503-00165015-00165190 iron maiden was just supposed to close
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00504-00165191-00165359 in and then the spikes like all like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00505-00165360-00165431 protrude
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00506-00165432-00165590 in you i didn't know you're meant to
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00507-00165591-00165823 stand in it till you literally give away
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00508-00165824-00166087 and yeah lay into them that's actually a
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00509-00166088-00166231 lot worse
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00510-00166232-00166638 yep it gives you enough room just
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00511-00166639-00167014 just to not you know get
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00512-00167015-00167871 that thing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00513-00167872-00168063 you got to be looking for it i don't
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00514-00168064-00168214 want to bump us into it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00515-00168215-00168463 yeah this way yeah i heard it on the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00516-00168464-00168663 right side of myself
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00517-00168664-00169143 be careful
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00518-00169144-00169343 okay this is just there's no way you can
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00519-00169344-00169566 come up wait is this the way we came in
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00520-00169567-00169654 hang on check it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00521-00169655-00170095 out okay
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00522-00170096-00170238 you look like one of those other doors
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00523-00170239-00170399 for a second yeah we'll definitely shut
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00524-00170400-00170807 that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00525-00170808-00171031 bright ass lantern i guess the wheel is
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00526-00171032-00171214 good for keeping your victims still
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00527-00171215-00171471 during the procedure they can be bound
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00528-00171472-00171607 around the circumference
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00529-00171608-00171902 or simply stretched across tying limbs
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00530-00171903-00172143 to the spokes and rim
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00531-00172144-00172471 all tools are by this point useful
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00532-00172472-00172671 and you may administer the torture in
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00533-00172672-00172814 any way you like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00534-00172815-00173135 but the forte of the wheel is the gaps
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00535-00173136-00173319 when you have decided that the victim
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00536-00173320-00173543 shall die you can smash
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00537-00173544-00174071 their limbs with a hammer
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00538-00174072-00174431 but they'll die too quickly i mean
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00539-00174432-00174743 no don't worry the human body is much
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00540-00174744-00174895 more resilient
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00541-00174896-00175143 they can survive for days until they
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00542-00175144-00175231 finally
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00543-00175232-00175871 succumb oh thank god
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00544-00175872-00176254 oh man i'm pretty excited for it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00545-00176255-00177159 for the big old wagon wheel yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00546-00177160-00177359 the murderer's limbs were tied to the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00547-00177360-00177502 spokes of the wheel
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00548-00177503-00177783 they turned the wheel slowly but with
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00549-00177784-00177959 intense other rope
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00550-00177960-00178214 secured around his leg stretched and
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00551-00178215-00178359 cracked the bone
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00552-00178360-00178590 he no longer had the strength to scream
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00553-00178591-00178751 the two men looked at each other
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00554-00178752-00178847 unknowingly
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00555-00178848-00179047 and took a hammer and struck the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00556-00179048-00179151 victim's chest
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00557-00179152-00179478 in a final act of mercy you think the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00558-00179479-00179719 two men are daniel and alexander
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00559-00179720-00180683 he's not man
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00560-00180684-00180951 wait
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00561-00180952-00181223 you can spin the wheel give that bad boy
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00562-00181224-00181287 a fat
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00563-00181288-00181590 spin
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00564-00181591-00181854 like steering a ship but much more
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00565-00181855-00181990 sinister
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00566-00181991-00182583 oh jesus
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00567-00182584-00183238 shut the [__] up
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00568-00183239-00183447 like if we do manage that man then he
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00569-00183448-00183543 starts screaming
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00570-00183544-00183926 what is the rope for
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00571-00183927-00184431 start combining it with [__]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00572-00184432-00184559 you don't think you want to put it on a
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00573-00184560-00184883 grip of these
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00574-00184884-00185207 agonized it didn't work on the bone try
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00575-00185208-00185271 the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00576-00185272-00185726 the drill thing
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00577-00185727-00186647 the jar
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00578-00186648-00187087 um
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00579-00187088-00187511 so that's how we get the blood
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00580-00187512-00187663 definitely but where did where the hell
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00581-00187664-00187935 is the blood uh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00582-00187936-00188302 wait um at the torture things which ones
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00583-00188303-00188399 have blood
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00584-00188400-00188687 not that look down here no is this all
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00585-00188688-00188735 blood
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00586-00188736-00188999 oh no that's just what's up no it's so
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00587-00189000-00189190 it has to be somewhere specific where
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00588-00189191-00189231 what
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00589-00189232-00189543 torture thing did the most blood maybe
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00590-00189544-00189695 the iron maiden
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00591-00189696-00189999 but perhaps yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00592-00190000-00190302 no no
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00593-00190303-00190566 let's try and is there a drain here yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00594-00190567-00190814 try and put it down the drain i guess
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00595-00190815-00191175 or oh that doesn't even look like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00596-00191176-00191943 anything
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00597-00191944-00192335 i think i know where to go
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00598-00192336-00192766 i don't think it'll work though
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00599-00192767-00192975 nice like scrape the blood off of that i
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00600-00192976-00193247 guess
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00601-00193248-00193407 i don't know why we it has to be
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00602-00193408-00193623 something clever if we need the string
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00603-00193624-00196087 on the jar
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00604-00196088-00196366 before attempting to mentor all there
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00605-00196367-00196575 might still be a chance for you to save
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00606-00196576-00196726 me
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00607-00196727-00197038 please my faith is in your heart we got
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00608-00197039-00197143 you homie
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00609-00197144-00197454 get the bucket real quick the glass jar
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00610-00197455-00197711 i don't see any blood though i know but
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00611-00197712-00197895 just do it anyway
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00612-00197896-00198343 here can you can you bleed into this
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00613-00198344-00198654 i know i think that shaking is the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00614-00198655-00199566 poor thing news
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00615-00199567-00200111 oh it's glowing can we open this
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00616-00200112-00200663 holy [__] yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00617-00200664-00201007 yeah we found it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00618-00201008-00201383 so oh sorry
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00619-00201384-00202335 that was a different sound your
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00620-00202336-00202950 [Music]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00621-00202951-00203223 next page i think it's on yeah this is
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00622-00203224-00203263 it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00623-00203264-00203823 listen
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00624-00203824-00204287 i don't think it exists in this world
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00625-00204288-00204550 i believe it's a property of secretion
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00626-00204551-00204775 in the water drilling
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00627-00204776-00205262 what is that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00628-00205263-00205494 water dwelling that means the water
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00629-00205496-00205831 around
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00630-00205832-00206198 what is a k-ner nick
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00631-00206200-00206351 hang on what is how's that spelled i'm
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00632-00206352-00206471 gonna look that up because if that's
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00633-00206471-00206519 like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00634-00206519-00206958 is is that is that a location
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00635-00206959-00207286 or is that that thing in that one area
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00636-00207287-00207606 outside in the red place
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00637-00207607-00207982 oh it's that water [__] thing oh hell
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00638-00207983-00208175 invisible to the naked eye fortunately
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00639-00208176-00208534 it can be detected but yeah yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00640-00208535-00208782 so that's the third thing actually the
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00641-00208783-00208886 bone
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00642-00208887-00209238 but i don't see how it is though oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00643-00209239-00209710 look at the bone oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00644-00209711-00211198 oh it's covered okay yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00645-00211200-00211319 how are we gonna do that is there
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00646-00211319-00211510 another laboratory or
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00647-00211511-00212351 chem bench like with the wait a minute
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00648-00212352-00212646 so there might be a another like bench
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00649-00212648-00212967 system
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00650-00212967-00213215 yeah let's go okay i think we go forward
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00651-00213216-00213287 now
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00652-00213288-00213551 because that it'll probably get there'll
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00653-00213552-00213710 be another area with like
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00654-00213711-00214334 somewhere we can make it i think
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00655-00214335-00214646 i think i know what we have to do what
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00656-00214648-00215023 that [__] bull no
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00657-00215023-00215191 because you can't light it you can't
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00658-00215192-00215334 light the ball you probably could
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00659-00215335-00215503 because it wouldn't ever use a tinder
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00660-00215504-00215655 box or something to burn it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00661-00215656-00215975 no there was no prompt for it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00662-00215976-00216175 well it didn't prompt until we put
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00663-00216176-00216294 something in there watch well that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00664-00216296-00216431 wouldn't make any sense
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00665-00216432-00216710 you would like what yeah if you put
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00666-00216711-00216758 anything
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00667-00216759-00217487 in there would thin out did it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00668-00217488-00217791 oh you're right you're
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00669-00217792-00219151 getting holy [__] oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00670-00219152-00219439 oh it won't let me open try and put it
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00671-00219440-00219727 in there
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00672-00219728-00219967 all right on the fire maybe wait no that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00673-00219967-00220127 doesn't make any sense we would need a
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00674-00220128-00220382 pot for it wait try and put it in there
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00675-00220383-00220734 wait no we tried that
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00676-00220735-00220951 i love how far off we were when we were
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00677-00220952-00221191 trying to figure this out
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00678-00221192-00221423 we didn't put it in the last part but we
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00679-00221423-00221551 spent so much time
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00680-00221552-00221831 trying to figure out what the hell to do
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00681-00221832-00221982 i never would have guessed standing on
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00682-00221983-00222158 that table
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00683-00222159-00222319 i don't feel bad looking that one up
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00684-00222319-00222503 because i know for a fact we never would
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00685-00222504-00223046 have figured that out
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00686-00223048-00223375 oh [__] my ass
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00687-00223376-00223927 oh oh [__]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00688-00223928-00224567 what the [__] was there two
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00689-00224567-00224887 wait oh
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00690-00224888-00225482 oh they're taking us somewhere
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00691-00225483-00225961 okay
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00692-00225962-00226158 [Music]
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00693-00226159-00226494 oh hi hey what's poppin
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00694-00226496-00226846 hi oh i'm glad you're sentient
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00695-00226848-00227175 so you're not beyond reason yeah
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00696-00227176-00227446 as you can see bring those cheeks over
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00697-00227448-00227582 here mama
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00698-00227583-00227742 yeah if you're not if you're a tinted
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00699-00227744-00227903 you know what we want
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00700-00227904-00228142 it's the cheeks quite frankly i'm not
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00701-00228144-00228367 sure what to do with you
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00702-00228367-00228742 but i hold no grudge against you daniel
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00703-00228744-00228982 we are so very much the same with you
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00704-00228983-00229182 and i
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00705-00229183-00229423 did you really drink from the amnesia
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00706-00229423-00229519 mixture
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00707-00229519-00229839 oh it does explain so much of your
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00708-00229840-00229975 behavior
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00709-00229976-00230198 you never did finish what you set out to
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00710-00230200-00230375 do
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00711-00230376-00230623 you talked about redemption how you
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00712-00230623-00230806 would face the orb shadow
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00713-00230807-00231167 and save our work and me
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00714-00231167-00231342 i will grant you another chance to
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00715-00231344-00231503 redeem yourself
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00716-00231504-00231919 you can wait here and stop shadow
+JYTkGJBe1WE-00718-00235435-00235735 ah
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00000-00000031-00000356 st. jerome latin Eusebius Sophronia's
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00001-00000357-00000626 Hieronymous greek Eusebio's Sophronia's
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00002-00000627-00001064 Hieronymous see the 27th of March 347 to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00003-00001065-00001283 the 30th of September 420 was a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00004-00001284-00001520 Christian priest confessor theologian
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00005-00001521-00001807 and historian he was born at strident a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00006-00001809-00001984 village near omona on the border of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00007-00001985-00002260 Dalmatia and Pannonia he is best known
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00008-00002261-00002471 for his translation of most of the Bible
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00009-00002472-00002683 into Latin the translation that became
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00010-00002684-00002822 known as the Vulgate and his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00011-00002823-00003109 commentaries on the Gospels his list of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00012-00003110-00003308 writings is extensive the protege of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00013-00003309-00003518 Pope Damasus the first who died in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00014-00003519-00003824 December of 384 Jerome was known for his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00015-00003825-00003995 teachings on Christian moral life
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00016-00003996-00004154 especially to those living in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00017-00004155-00004370 cosmopolitan centers such as Rome in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00018-00004371-00004663 many cases he focused his attention on
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00019-00004664-00004856 the lives of women and identified how a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00020-00004857-00005051 woman devoted to Jesus should live her
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00021-00005052-00005320 life this focus stemmed from his close
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00022-00005321-00005488 patron relationships with several
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00023-00005489-00005684 prominent female ascetics who were
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00024-00005685-00005852 members of the fluence senatorial
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00025-00005853-00006086 families he is recognized as a saint and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00026-00006087-00006251 doctor of the church by the Catholic
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00027-00006252-00006436 Church the Eastern Orthodox Church the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00028-00006437-00006589 Lutheran Church and the Anglican
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00029-00006590-00006835 Communion his feast day is the 30th of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00030-00006836-00007398 September
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00031-00007400-00007734 topic life
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00032-00007736-00007895 you
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00033-00007897-00008160 Eusebius Sophronia's Hieronymous was
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00034-00008161-00008442 born at Stride and around 347 he was a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00035-00008443-00008653 valyrian ancestry and his native tongue
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00036-00008654-00008910 was the illyrian dialect he was not
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00037-00008911-00009363 baptized until about 362 366 when he had
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00038-00009364-00009556 gone to Rome with his friend bond dosis
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00039-00009557-00009721 who may or may not have been the same
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00040-00009722-00009949 venosus whom jerome identifies as his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00041-00009950-00010113 friend who went to live as a hermit on
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00042-00010114-00010299 an island in the adriatic to pursue
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00043-00010300-00010599 rhetorical and philosophical studies he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00044-00010600-00010771 studied under the grammarian alias
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00045-00010772-00011016 donatus there jerome learned latin and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00046-00011017-00011212 at least some greek though probably not
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00047-00011213-00011430 the familiarity with greek literature he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00048-00011431-00011593 would later claim to have acquired as a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00049-00011594-00011809 schoolboy as a student in Rome he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00050-00011810-00012030 engaged in the superficial escapades and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00051-00012031-00012228 homosexual behavior of students there
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00052-00012229-00012441 which he indulged him quite casually but
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00053-00012442-00012616 for which he suffered terrible bouts of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00054-00012617-00012835 guilt afterwards to appease his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00055-00012836-00013060 conscience he would visit on Sundays the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00056-00013061-00013203 Sepulcher of the martyrs and the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00057-00013204-00013438 apostles in the catacombs this
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00058-00013438-00013603 experience would remind him of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00059-00013604-00013882 terrors of hell often I would find
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00060-00013883-00014068 myself entering those crypts
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00061-00014069-00014253 deep dug in the earth with their walls
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00062-00014254-00014458 on either side lined with the bodies of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00063-00014459-00014680 the dead where everything was so dark
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00064-00014681-00014859 that almost it seemed as though the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00065-00014860-00015088 psalmist's words were fulfilled let them
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00066-00015088-00015378 go down quick into hell here and there
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00067-00015379-00015511 the light not entering in through
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00068-00015512-00015580 windows
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00069-00015581-00015778 but filtering down from above through
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00070-00015779-00015969 shafts relieved the horror of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00071-00015970-00016281 darkness but again as soon as you found
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00072-00016282-00016516 yourself cautiously moving forward the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00073-00016517-00016714 Black Knight closed around and there
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00074-00016715-00016938 came to my mind the line of Virgil
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00075-00016939-00017247 horror Ubik animos simul it's a silent
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00076-00017248-00017551 yet errant quote quote
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00077-00017552-00017848 Jerome used a quote from Virgil on all
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00078-00017849-00018103 sides round Horrors spread wide the very
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00079-00018104-00018433 silence breathed a terror on my soul
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00080-00018434-00018691 to describe the horror of hell Jerome
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00081-00018692-00018897 initially used classical authors to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00082-00018898-00019122 describe Christian concepts such as hell
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00083-00019123-00019305 that indicated both his classical
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00084-00019306-00019486 education and his deep shame of their
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00085-00019487-00019708 associated practices such as pederasty
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00086-00019709-00019942 which was found in Rome although
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00087-00019943-00020194 initially skeptical of Christianity he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00088-00020195-00020425 was eventually converted after several
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00089-00020426-00020644 years in Rome he traveled with bond osis
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00090-00020645-00020842 to Gaul and settled in Trier where he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00091-00020843-00021052 seems to have first taken up theological
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00092-00021053-00021225 studies and where he copied for his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00093-00021226-00021436 friend tyrannize roof eNOS hilary of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00094-00021437-00021646 poitiers commentary on the Psalms and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00095-00021647-00021897 the treatise de Cinna T's next came a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00096-00021898-00022080 stay of at least several months or
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00097-00022081-00022315 possibly years with roof eNOS at Aqua
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00098-00022316-00022544 Lea where he made many Christian friends
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00099-00022545-00022780 some of these accompanied him when he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00100-00022781-00023058 set out about 373 on a journey through
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00101-00023059-00023244 Thrace and Asia Minor into northern
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00102-00023245-00023515 Syria at Antioch where he stayed the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00103-00023516-00023736 longest two of his companions died and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00104-00023737-00023928 he himself was seriously ill more than
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00105-00023929-00024208 once during one of these illnesses about
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00106-00024209-00024633 the winter of 373 to 374 he had a vision
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00107-00024634-00024825 that led him to lay aside his secular
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00108-00024826-00025090 studies and devote himself to God he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00109-00025091-00025219 seems to have abstained for a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00110-00025220-00025411 considerable time from the study of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00111-00025412-00025614 classics and to have plunged deeply into
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00112-00025616-00025780 that of the Bible under the impulse of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00113-00025781-00026025 Apollinaris of Laodicea then teaching in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00114-00026026-00026292 Antioch and not yet suspected of heresy
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00115-00026293-00026539 seized with a desire for a life of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00116-00026539-00026737 ascetic penance he went for a time to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00117-00026738-00026926 the desert of Chao Chi to the southeast
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00118-00026927-00027177 of Antioch known as the Syrian debate
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00119-00027178-00027427 from the number of Hermits inhabiting it
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00120-00027427-00027627 during this period he seems to have
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00121-00027628-00027898 found time for studying and writing he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00122-00027899-00028062 made his first attempt to learn Hebrew
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00123-00028063-00028258 under the guidance of a converted Jew
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00124-00028258-00028387 and he seems to have been in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00125-00028388-00028587 correspondence with Jewish Christians in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00126-00028588-00028879 Antioch around this time he had copied
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00127-00028880-00029056 for him a Hebrew gospel of which
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00128-00029057-00029254 fragments are preserved in his notes and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00129-00029255-00029419 is known today as the gospel of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00130-00029420-00029595 Hebrews in which the Nazarene is
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00131-00029597-00029764 considered to be the true gospel of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00132-00029764-00030061 matthew jerome translated parts of this
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00133-00030062-00030283 hebrew gospel into greek returning to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00134-00030283-00030727 Antioch in 378 or 379 he was ordained by
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00135-00030727-00030955 Bishop Paul eNOS apparently unwillingly
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00136-00030956-00031129 and unconditioned that he continued his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00137-00031130-00031432 ascetic life soon afterward he went to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00138-00031433-00031627 Constantinople to pursue a study of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00139-00031627-00031829 Scripture under Gregory nazy and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00140-00031830-00032030 he seems to have spent two years there
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00141-00032031-00032455 then left and the next three 382 to 385
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00142-00032456-00032674 he was in Rome again as Secretary to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00143-00032675-00032873 Pope Damasus the first and the leading
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00144-00032874-00033185 Roman Christians invited originally for
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00145-00033186-00033482 the Synod of 382 held to end the schism
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00146-00033483-00033677 of Antioch as there were rival claimants
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00147-00033678-00033886 to be the proper patriarch in Antioch
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00148-00033887-00034111 Jerome had accompanied one of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00149-00034112-00034336 claimants Paulinus back to Rome in order
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00150-00034337-00034489 to get more support for him and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00151-00034490-00034667 distinguished himself to the Pope and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00152-00034668-00034882 took a prominent place in his counsels
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00153-00034883-00035137 he was given duties in Rome and he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00154-00035138-00035336 undertook a revision of the Latin Bible
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00155-00035337-00035552 to be based on the Greek manuscripts of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00156-00035553-00035815 the New Testament he also updated the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00157-00035816-00035971 Psalter containing the Book of Psalms
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00158-00035972-00036158 then at use in Rome based on the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00159-00036159-00036407 Septuagint though he did not realize it
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00160-00036408-00036595 yet translating much of what became the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00161-00036596-00036782 Latin Vulgate Bible would take many
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00162-00036783-00036940 years and be his most important
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00163-00036941-00037136 achievement see writings translations
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00164-00037137-00037436 section below in Rome he was surrounded
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00165-00037437-00037615 by a circle of Wellborn and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00166-00037616-00037829 well-educated women including some from
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00167-00037830-00038033 the noblest patricians families such as
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00168-00038034-00038279 the widow's Li Marcela and Paulo with
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00169-00038280-00038470 Polly's daughters Blaye Xie and youstick
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00170-00038471-00038720 him the resulting inclination of these
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00171-00038721-00038924 women towards the monastic life away
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00172-00038925-00039101 from the indulgent lasciviousness in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00173-00039102-00039323 Rome and his unsparing criticism of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00174-00039324-00039533 secular clergy of Rome brought a growing
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00175-00039534-00039715 hostility against him among the Roman
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00176-00039716-00039983 clergy and their supporters soon after
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00177-00039984-00040199 the death of his patron Damasus the 10th
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00178-00040200-00040471 of December 384 Jerome was forced by
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00179-00040472-00040661 them to leave his position at Rome after
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00180-00040662-00040835 an inquiry was brought up by the Roman
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00181-00040836-00041033 clergy into allegations that he had an
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00182-00041034-00041201 improper relationship with the widow
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00183-00041202-00041489 Paulo still his writings were highly
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00184-00041490-00041671 regarded by women who were attempting to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00185-00041672-00041879 maintain a vow of becoming a consecrated
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00186-00041880-00042133 virgin his letters were widely read and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00187-00042134-00042305 distributed throughout the Christian
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00188-00042306-00042467 Empire and it is clear through his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00189-00042468-00042640 writing that he knew these virgin women
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00190-00042641-00042845 were not his only audience additionally
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00191-00042846-00043073 his condemnation of Blasius hedonistic
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00192-00043074-00043274 lifestyle in Rome had led her to adopt
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00193-00043275-00043474 ascetic practices but it affected her
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00194-00043475-00043630 health and worsened her physical
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00195-00043631-00043814 weakness to the point that she died just
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00196-00043815-00043999 four months after starting to follow his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00197-00044000-00044212 instructions much of the Roman populace
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00198-00044213-00044420 were outraged at Jerome for causing the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00199-00044421-00044593 premature death of such a lively young
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00200-00044594-00044821 woman and his insistence to Paulo that
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00201-00044822-00044981 Blasius should not be mourned and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00202-00044982-00045176 complaints that her grief was excessive
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00203-00045177-00045209 worse
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00204-00045210-00045398 Sheena's heartless polarizing roman
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00205-00045399-00045713 opinion against him in august 385 he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00206-00045714-00045884 left rome for good and returned to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00207-00045885-00046100 antioch accompanied by his brother paul
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00208-00046101-00046304 Ania and several friends and followed a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00209-00046305-00046502 little later by Paula and used to qiyam
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00210-00046503-00046673 who had resolved to end their days in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00211-00046674-00046997 the Holy Land in the winter of 385
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00212-00046998-00047258 jerome acted as their spiritual advisor
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00213-00047259-00047534 the pilgrims joined by bishop Paulinus
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00214-00047535-00047750 of antioch visited Jerusalem Bethlehem
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00215-00047751-00048005 and the holy places of Galilee and then
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00216-00048006-00048170 went to Egypt the home of the great
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00217-00048171-00048457 heroes of the ascetic life
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00218-00048458-00048708 at the catechetical school of Alexandria
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00219-00048709-00048924 Jerome listened to the catechist didymus
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00220-00048925-00049108 the blind expounding the Prophet Hosea
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00221-00049109-00049342 and telling his reminiscences of Anthony
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00222-00049343-00049504 the great who had died thirty years
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00223-00049505-00049708 before he spent some time in night RIA
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00224-00049709-00049917 admiring the disciplined community life
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00225-00049918-00050145 of the numerous inhabitants of that city
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00226-00050146-00050386 of the Lord but detecting even their
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00227-00050387-00050745 concealed serpents ie the influence of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00228-00050746-00051001 origin of Alexandria late in the summer
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00229-00051002-00051298 of 388 he was back in Palestine and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00230-00051299-00051477 spent the remainder of his life working
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00231-00051478-00051708 in a cave near Bethlehem the very cave
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00232-00051709-00051825 Jesus was born
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00233-00051826-00052044 surrounded by a few friends both men and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00234-00052045-00052254 women including Paula and youstick him
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00235-00052255-00052453 to whom he acted as priestly guide and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00236-00052454-00052776 teacher amply provided by Paula with the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00237-00052777-00052960 means of livelihood and of increasing
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00238-00052961-00053161 his collection of books he led a life of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00239-00053162-00053313 incessant activity in literary
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00240-00053314-00053580 production to these last thirty four
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00241-00053582-00053761 years of his career belong the most
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00242-00053762-00053962 important of his works his version of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00243-00053963-00054136 the Old Testament from the original
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00244-00054137-00054349 Hebrew text the best of his scriptural
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00245-00054350-00054567 commentaries his catalogue of Christian
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00246-00054569-00054748 authors and the dialogue against the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00247-00054749-00054951 Pelagians the literary perfection of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00248-00054952-00055206 which even an opponent recognized to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00249-00055207-00055404 this period also belong most of his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00250-00055405-00055600 polemics which distinguished him among
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00251-00055601-00055786 the orthodox fathers including the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00252-00055787-00055984 treatises against the origin ism waiter
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00253-00055985-00056238 declared anathema of bishop john ii of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00254-00056239-00056454 jerusalem and his early friend roof eNOS
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00255-00056454-00056710 later as a result of his writings
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00256-00056711-00056953 against Pelagianism a body of excited
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00257-00056954-00057126 partisans broke into the monastic
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00258-00057127-00057346 buildings set them on fire attacked the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00259-00057347-00057531 inmates and killed a deacon forcing
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00260-00057532-00057721 Jerome to seek safety in a neighboring
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00261-00057722-00058116 fortress 416 it is recorded that Jerome
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00262-00058117-00058317 died near Bethlehem on the 30th of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00263-00058319-00058624 September 420 the date of his death is
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00264-00058625-00058810 given by the chronicon of prosper of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00265-00058811-00059100 Aquitaine his remains originally buried
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00266-00059101-00059296 at Bethlehem are said to have been later
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00267-00059297-00059488 transferred to the Basilica of Santa
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00268-00059489-00059676 Maria Maggiore in Rome though other
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00269-00059677-00059938 places in the West claim some relics the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00270-00059939-00060136 cathedral at Nephi boasting possession
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00271-00060137-00060313 of his head which according to another
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00272-00060314-00060976 tradition is in the Escorial
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00273-00060977-00061404 topic translation of the Bible 382 to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00274-00061405-00061897 405
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00275-00061898-00062154 Jerome was a scholar at a time when that
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00276-00062155-00062442 statement implied a fluency in Greek he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00277-00062444-00062607 knew some Hebrew when he started his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00278-00062608-00062797 translation project but moved to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00279-00062798-00062976 Jerusalem to strengthen his grip on
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00280-00062977-00063255 Jewish scripture commentary a wealthy
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00281-00063257-00063501 Roman aristocrat pala funded his stay in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00282-00063502-00063675 a monastery in Bethlehem and he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00283-00063676-00063940 completed his translation there he began
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00284-00063941-00064269 in 382 by correcting the existing Latin
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00285-00064270-00064453 language version of the New Testament
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00286-00064454-00064662 commonly referred to as the Vedas latina
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00287-00064663-00065004 by 390 he turned to translating the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00288-00065005-00065203 Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00289-00065204-00065434 having previously translated portions
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00290-00065435-00065584 from the Septuagint which came from
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00291-00065585-00065815 Alexandria he believed that the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00292-00065816-00066004 mainstream rabbinical Judaism had
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00293-00066005-00066175 rejected the Septuagint as invalid
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00294-00066176-00066391 Jewish scriptural texts because of what
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00295-00066392-00066574 were ascertained as mistranslations
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00296-00066575-00066726 along with its Hellenistic heretical
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00297-00066727-00067087 elements he completed this work by 405
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00298-00067088-00067350 prior to Jerome's Vulgate all Latin
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00299-00067351-00067543 translations of the Old Testament were
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00300-00067544-00067755 based on the Septuagint not the Hebrew
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00301-00067756-00068037 Jerome's decision to use a Hebrew text
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00302-00068038-00068224 instead of the previous translated
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00303-00068225-00068392 Septuagint went against the advice of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00304-00068393-00068542 most other Christians including
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00305-00068543-00068749 Augustine who thought the Septuagint
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00306-00068750-00069055 inspired modern scholarship however has
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00307-00069056-00069250 sometimes cast doubts on the actual
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00308-00069251-00069438 quality of Jerome's Hebrew knowledge
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00309-00069439-00069693 many modern scholars believe that the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00310-00069694-00069868 Greek hexapla is the main source for
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00311-00069869-00070321 Jerome's iux ta he Bria's translation of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00312-00070322-00070419 the Old Testament
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00313-00070420-00070660 however detailed studies have shown that
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00314-00070661-00070867 to a considerable degree Jerome was a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00315-00070868-00071476 competent abreast
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00316-00071477-00072340 topic commentaries 405 to 420 for the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00317-00072341-00072547 next 15 years until he died
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00318-00072548-00072748 Jerome produced a number of commentaries
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00319-00072749-00072931 on Scripture often explaining his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00320-00072932-00073111 translation choices in using the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00321-00073112-00073297 original Hebrew rather than suspect
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00322-00073298-00073603 translations his patristic commentaries
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00323-00073604-00073792 aligned closely with Jewish tradition
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00324-00073793-00073978 and he indulges in allegorical and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00325-00073979-00074167 mystical subtleties after the manner of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00326-00074168-00074469 fillo in the Alexandrian school unlike
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00327-00074470-00074674 his contemporaries he emphasizes the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00328-00074675-00074841 difference between the Hebrew Bible
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00329-00074842-00075160 Apocrypha and the Hebraic of Veritas of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00330-00075161-00075415 the proto canonical books in his Vulgate
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00331-00075416-00075490 prologues
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00332-00075491-00075691 he describes some portions of books in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00333-00075692-00075850 the Septuagint that were not found in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00334-00075851-00076044 the Hebrew as being non canonical he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00335-00076045-00076246 called them Apocrypha for Baruch he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00336-00076247-00076423 mentions by name in his prologue to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00337-00076424-00076600 Jeremiah and notes that it is neither
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00338-00076601-00076825 read nor held among the Hebrews but does
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00339-00076826-00077086 not explicitly call it apocryphal or not
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00340-00077087-00077362 in the Canon his preface to the books of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00341-00077363-00077551 Samuel and kings includes the following
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00342-00077552-00077769 statement commonly called the helmeted
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00343-00077770-00078061 preface this preface to the Scriptures
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00344-00078062-00078268 may serve as a helmeted introduction to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00345-00078269-00078448 all the books which we turn from Hebrew
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00346-00078449-00078622 into Latin so that we may be assured
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00347-00078623-00078807 that what is not found in our list must
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00348-00078808-00078973 be placed amongst the apocryphal
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00349-00078974-00079225 writings wisdom therefore which
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00350-00079226-00079429 generally bears the name of Solomon and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00351-00079430-00079654 the book of Jesus the Son of Sirach and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00352-00079655-00079861 Judith and Tobias and the Shepherd are
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00353-00079862-00080094 not in the Canon the first book of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00354-00080095-00080296 Maccabees I have found to be Hebrew the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00355-00080297-00080481 second is Greek as can be proved from
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00356-00080482-00080781 the very style although Jerome was one
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00357-00080782-00080994 suspicious of the Apocrypha it is said
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00358-00080995-00081151 that he later viewed them as Scripture
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00359-00081152-00081442 for example in Jerome's letter to you
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00360-00081443-00081676 stick him he quotes Sirach 13 to 2
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00361-00081677-00081925 elsewhere Jerome also refers to borrowed
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00362-00081926-00082117 the story of Susanna and wisdom as
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00363-00082118-00082426 Scripture Jerome's commentaries fall
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00364-00082427-00082756 into three groups his translations re
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00365-00082757-00082987 castings of Greek predecessors including
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00366-00082988-00083157 fourteen homilies on the book of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00367-00083158-00083359 jeremiah and the same number on the book
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00368-00083360-00083769 of ezekiel by Origen translated CA 380
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00369-00083770-00084031 in Constantinople to homilies of origin
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00370-00084032-00084256 of Alexandria on the Song of Solomon in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00371-00084257-00084441 Rome CA
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00372-00084442-00084813 383 and 39 on the Gospel of Luke CA
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00373-00084814-00085182 389 in Bethlehem the nine Hummel ease of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00374-00085183-00085387 origin on the Book of Isaiah included
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00375-00085388-00085557 among his works were not done by him
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00376-00085558-00085825 here should be mentioned as an important
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00377-00085826-00085996 contribution to the topography of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00378-00085997-00086290 Palestine his book de situ at Naaman
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00379-00086291-00086509 abyss low quorum he Braham a translation
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00380-00086510-00086653 with additions and some regrettable
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00381-00086654-00086839 omissions of the animist account of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00382-00086840-00087238 Eusebius to the same period CA 390
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00383-00087239-00087424 belongs the library interpretation
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00384-00087425-00087616 honest Naaman 'm Hebraic or embraced on
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00385-00087617-00087801 the work supposed to go back to filo and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00386-00087802-00088162 expanded by origin original commentaries
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00387-00088163-00088372 on the old testament to the period
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00388-00088373-00088555 before his settlement at bethlehem and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00389-00088556-00088776 the following five years belong a series
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00390-00088777-00088969 of short Old Testament studies de
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00391-00088970-00089218 Seraphim devote Jo sana de tribus
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00392-00089219-00089440 questionable Vetter ease legis usually
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00393-00089441-00089682 included among the letters as 1820 and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00394-00089683-00089989 36 cuestiones Hebraic e and Jennison
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00395-00089990-00090229 comment arias in Ecclesiastes tracted
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00396-00090230-00090492 his septum in Saul most 10 to 16 lost
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00397-00090493-00090732 explanations in McKay M cellphone IAM
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00398-00090733-00091156 nahum habakkuk a Geum after 395 he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00399-00091157-00091381 composed a series of longer commentaries
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00400-00091382-00091534 though in rather a desultory fashion
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00401-00091535-00091930 first on Jonah and Obadiah 396 then on
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00402-00091931-00092371 Isaiah CA 395 CA 400 on Zechariah
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00403-00092372-00092761 Malachi Hosea Joel Amos from 406 on the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00404-00092762-00093132 Book of Daniel CA 407 on Ezekiel between
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00405-00093133-00093610 410 and 415 and on Jeremiah after 415
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00406-00093611-00093904 left unfinished New Testament
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00407-00093905-00093976 commentaries
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00408-00093977-00094216 these include only Philemon galatians
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00409-00094217-00094615 ephesians and titus hastily composed 387
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00410-00094616-00094953 to 388 matthew dictated in a fortnight
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00411-00094954-00095269 398 mark selected passages in luke
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00412-00095270-00095437 revelation and the prologue to the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00413-00095438-00096038 Gospel of John
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00414-00096039-00096350 topic historical and hagiographic
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00415-00096351-00096736 writings
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00416-00096737-00097042 Jerome is also known as a historian one
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00417-00097043-00097255 of his earliest historical works was his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00418-00097256-00097447 chronicle or chronic Condor temper my
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00419-00097448-00097882 BIR composed CA 380 in Constantinople
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00420-00097883-00098096 this is a translation into Latin of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00421-00098097-00098302 chronological tables which composed the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00422-00098303-00098515 second part of the chronicon of Eusebius
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00423-00098516-00098677 with a supplement covering the period
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00424-00098678-00099175 from 325 to 379 despite numerous errors
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00425-00099176-00099406 taken over from Eusebius and some of his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00426-00099407-00099640 own jerome produced a valuable work if
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00427-00099641-00099808 only for the impulse which it gave to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00428-00099809-00100057 such later chroniclers as prosper cassia
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00429-00100058-00100267 Doris and Victor of Tonia to continue
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00430-00100268-00100588 his annals of considerable importance as
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00431-00100589-00100765 well as the de Vera's illustris
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00432-00100766-00101041 which was written at Bethlehem in 392
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00433-00101042-00101230 the title and arrangement of which are
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00434-00101231-00101488 borrowed from sweat Aeneas it contains
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00435-00101489-00101742 short biographical and literary notes on
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00436-00101743-00102025 135 Christian authors from Saint Peter
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00437-00102026-00102343 down to Jerome himself for the first 78
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00438-00102344-00102552 authors Eusebius historia ecclesiastica
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00439-00102553-00102838 is the main source in the second section
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00440-00102839-00103042 beginning with our no BS and lactantius
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00441-00103043-00103282 he includes a good deal of independent
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00442-00103283-00103489 information especially as to Western
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00443-00103490-00103801 writers for works of the hagiographic
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00444-00103802-00104074 nature are the Vita poly mo nachi
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00445-00104075-00104263 written during his first sojourn at
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00446-00104264-00104677 Antioch CA 376 the legendary material of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00447-00104678-00104887 which is derived from Egyptian monastic
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00448-00104888-00105190 tradition the vitae patch room B dipali
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00449-00105191-00105313 premium MIT
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00450-00105314-00105583 a biography of st. Paul of Thebes the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00451-00105583-00106022 Vita malchemia nachi captive e CA 391
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00452-00106023-00106208 probably based on an earlier work
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00453-00106208-00106390 although it purports to be derived from
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00454-00106391-00106591 the oral communications of the age at
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00455-00106592-00106825 ascetic Malchus of Syria originally made
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00456-00106826-00107099 to him in the desert of Chao Chi the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00457-00107100-00107294 Vita hilarious of the same date
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00458-00107295-00107509 containing more trustworthy historical
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00459-00107510-00107672 matter than the other two and based
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00460-00107673-00107882 partly on the biography of Epiphanius
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00461-00107883-00108085 and partly on oral tradition the so
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00462-00108086-00108299 called Martyrology am here anima animus
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00463-00108300-00108526 spurious it was apparently composed by a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00464-00108527-00108731 Western monk toward the end of the 6th
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00465-00108732-00108932 or beginning of the 7th century with
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00466-00108933-00109111 reference to an expression of Jerome's
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00467-00109112-00109298 in the opening chapter of the Vita mal
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00468-00109299-00109459 Chi where he speaks of intending to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00469-00109460-00109603 write a history of the saints and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00470-00109604-00109935 martyrs from the Apostolic times
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00471-00109936-00110258 you
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00472-00110258-00110522 topic description of vitamin A
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00473-00110523-00110919 deficiency
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00474-00110920-00111168 the following passage taken from st.
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00475-00111169-00111369 Jerome's life of st. Hilaire e'en which
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00476-00111370-00111678 was written about ad 392 appears to be
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00477-00111679-00111827 the earliest account of the etiology
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00478-00111828-00112083 symptoms and cure of severe vitamin A
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00479-00112083-00112407 deficiency from his 31st to his 35th
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00480-00112408-00112656 year he had for food 6 ounces of barley
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00481-00112657-00112842 bread and vegetables slightly cooked
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00482-00112843-00113091 without oil but finding that his eyes
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00483-00113092-00113277 were growing dim and that his whole body
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00484-00113278-00113448 was shriveled with an eruption and a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00485-00113449-00113667 sort of stony roughness empennage een at
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00486-00113668-00113895 Palma Ceia Quadski burning he added oil
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00487-00113896-00114126 to his former food and up to the 63rd
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00488-00114127-00114315 year of his life followed this temperate
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00489-00114316-00114522 course tasting neither fruit nor pulse
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00490-00114523-00115240 nor anything whatsoever besides
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00491-00115241-00115746 topic letters
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00492-00115747-00116012 Jerome's letters or epistles both by the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00493-00116013-00116213 great variety of their subjects and by
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00494-00116214-00116384 their qualities of style form an
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00495-00116385-00116528 important portion of his literary
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00496-00116529-00116781 remains whether he is discussing
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00497-00116782-00117008 problems of scholarship or reasoning on
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00498-00117009-00117198 cases of conscience comforting the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00499-00117199-00117393 afflicted or saying pleasant things to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00500-00117394-00117587 his friends scourging the vices and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00501-00117588-00117749 corruptions of the time and against
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00502-00117750-00117924 sexual immorality among the clergy
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00503-00117925-00118124 exhorting to the ascetic life and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00504-00118125-00118328 renunciation of the world or breaking a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00505-00118329-00118545 lance with his theological opponents he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00506-00118546-00118724 gives a vivid picture not only of his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00507-00118725-00118928 own mind but of the age and its peculiar
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00508-00118929-00119183 characteristics because there was no
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00509-00119184-00119418 distinct line between personal documents
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00510-00119419-00119583 and those meant for publication we
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00511-00119583-00119762 frequently find in his letters both
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00512-00119763-00119966 confidential messages and treatises
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00513-00119967-00120156 meant for others besides the one to whom
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00514-00120157-00120345 he was writing due to the time he spent
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00515-00120346-00120546 in Rome among wealthy families belonging
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00516-00120547-00120744 to the Roman upper class Jerome was
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00517-00120745-00120926 frequently commissioned by women who had
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00518-00120927-00121109 taken a vow of virginity to write them
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00519-00121110-00121281 in guidance of how to live their life as
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00520-00121282-00121559 a result he spent a great deal of his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00521-00121560-00121751 life corresponding to these women about
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00522-00121752-00121923 certain abstentions and lifestyle
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00523-00121924-00121985 practices
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00524-00121986-00122232 these included the clothing she should
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00525-00122233-00122387 wear the interactions she should
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00526-00122388-00122556 undertake and how to go about conducting
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00527-00122557-00122762 herself during such interactions and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00528-00122763-00123006 what and how she ate and drank the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00529-00123007-00123203 letters most frequently reprinted or
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00530-00123204-00123396 referred to are of a hortatory nature
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00531-00123397-00123747 such as EP 14 ad Helia doram de laude by
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00532-00123748-00124103 T salat area EP 22 and you stick him to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00533-00124104-00124541 custodial virginities EP 52 Edna potion
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00534-00124542-00124766 m de vida Clara quorum at mana quorum a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00535-00124767-00124944 sort of epitome of pastoral theology
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00536-00124945-00125346 from the aesthetic standpoint EP 53 ad
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00537-00125347-00125598 Pollan immed estudio scripture Arum EP
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00538-00125599-00125907 57 - the same the institution Moana Chi
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00539-00125908-00126207 EP 70 AD Magnum descriptor abyss
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00540-00126208-00126573 Ecclesiastes eyes and EP 107 ad litem -
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00541-00126574-00126899 institution fille a letter to Dardanos
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00542-00126900-00127238 EP 129 you may delineate the promised
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00543-00127239-00127407 land of Moses from the Book of Numbers
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00544-00127408-00127707 CH 34 as bounded on the south by the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00545-00127708-00127913 desert tract called sina between the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00546-00127914-00128090 dead sea and the city of Kadesh Barnea
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00547-00128091-00128312 which is located with the arroba to the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00548-00128313-00128549 east and continues to the west as far as
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00549-00128550-00128750 the river of Egypt that discharges into
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00550-00128751-00128924 the open sea near the city of rhino
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00551-00128925-00129128 cholera has bounded on the west
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00552-00129129-00129317 to see along the coasts of Palestine
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00553-00129318-00129575 Phoenicia KO la Syria and Cilicia as
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00554-00129576-00129752 bounded on the north by the circle
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00555-00129753-00129956 formed by the Taurus Mountains and Zafir
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00556-00129957-00130127 iam and extending to hamath called
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00557-00130128-00130349 epiphany Syria as bounded on the east by
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00558-00130350-00130541 the city of Antioch hippos and Lake
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00559-00130542-00130751 Kinneret now called Tiberias and then
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00560-00130752-00130946 the jordan river which discharges into
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00561-00130947-00131646 the salt sea now called the Dead Sea
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00562-00131647-00132245 topic theological writings
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00563-00132246-00132488 practically all of Jerome's productions
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00564-00132489-00132669 in the field of Dogma have a more or
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00565-00132670-00132866 less vehemently polemical character and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00566-00132867-00133040 are directed against assailants of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00567-00133041-00133347 Orthodox doctrines even the translation
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00568-00133348-00133545 of the treatise of didymus the blind on
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00569-00133546-00133796 the Holy Spirit into Latin begun in Rome
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00570-00133797-00134087 384 completed at Bethlehem shows an
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00571-00134088-00134307 apologetic tendency against the Aryans
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00572-00134308-00134564 in nuuma Toma Choi the same is true of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00573-00134565-00134851 his version of origins de principes CA
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00574-00134852-00135152 399 intended to supersede the inaccurate
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00575-00135153-00135399 translation by roof enos the more
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00576-00135400-00135609 strictly polemical writings cover every
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00577-00135610-00135839 period of his life during the sojourn
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00578-00135840-00136064 zat Antioch in Constantinople he was
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00579-00136065-00136226 mainly occupied with the Arian
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00580-00136227-00136410 controversy and especially with the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00581-00136411-00136589 schism centering around malicious of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00582-00136590-00136877 Antioch and Lucifer Keller Ignace two
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00583-00136878-00137162 letters to Pope Damasus 15 and 16
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00584-00137163-00137370 complain of the conduct of both parties
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00585-00137371-00137561 at Antioch the Malaysians and Paulin
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00586-00137562-00137724 ian's who had tried to draw him into
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00587-00137725-00137912 their controversy over the application
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00588-00137913-00138140 of the term zuzia and hypostasis to the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00589-00138141-00138396 trinity at the same time or a little
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00590-00138397-00138744 later 379 he composed his library contra
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00591-00138745-00138977 Luciferian O's in which he cleverly uses
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00592-00138978-00139178 the dialogue form to combat the tenets
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00593-00139179-00139356 of that faction particularly their
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00594-00139357-00139698 rejection of baptism by heretics in Rome
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00595-00139699-00139777 CA
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00596-00139778-00140051 383 he wrote a passionate counterblast
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00597-00140052-00140240 against the teaching of helvetius in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00598-00140241-00140436 defense of the doctrine of the perpetual
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00599-00140437-00140627 virginity of Mary and of the superiority
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00600-00140628-00140854 of the single over the married state an
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00601-00140855-00141081 opponent of a somewhat similar nature
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00602-00141082-00141302 was jovi jnanis with whom he came into
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00603-00141303-00141633 conflict in 392 ad versus joven unum
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00604-00141634-00141849 against jovi jnanis and the defense of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00605-00141850-00142016 this work addressed to his friend Pam
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00606-00142017-00142325 asius numbered 48 in the letters once
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00607-00142326-00142545 more he defended the ordinary practices
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00608-00142546-00142766 of piety in his own ascetic ethics in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00609-00142767-00143087 406 against the Gallic Presbyterian Ches
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00610-00143088-00143286 who opposed the cultists of martyrs and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00611-00143287-00143508 relics the vow of poverty and clerical
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00612-00143509-00143811 celibacy meanwhile the controversy with
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00613-00143812-00144033 john ii of jerusalem and roof eNOS
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00614-00144034-00144224 concerning the orthodoxy of Origen
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00615-00144225-00144500 occurred to this period belongs some of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00616-00144501-00144636 his most passionate and most
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00617-00144637-00144873 comprehensive polemical works the Contra
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00618-00144874-00145289 Johanna Myra selamat annum 398 or 399
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00619-00145290-00145506 the two closely connected apologia
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00620-00145507-00145611 contra roof enum
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00621-00145612-00145965 400 - and the last word written a few
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00622-00145966-00146175 months later the library is suit and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00623-00146176-00146379 Ultima respond Co ad versus script -
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00624-00146380-00146655 Ruffini the last of his polemical works
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00625-00146656-00146871 as the skillfully composed die ologist
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00626-00146872-00147618 contra Pelageya knows 415
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00627-00147619-00148272 topic reception by later Christianity
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00628-00148273-00148488 Jerome is the second most voluminous
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00629-00148489-00148715 rider after Augustine of Hippo in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00630-00148716-00148974 ancient Latin Christianity in the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00631-00148975-00149175 Catholic Church he is recognized as the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00632-00149176-00149421 patron saint of translators librarians
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00633-00149422-00149709 and encyclopaedists he acquired a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00634-00149710-00149895 knowledge of Hebrew by studying with a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00635-00149896-00150104 Jew who converted to Christianity and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00636-00150105-00150309 took the unusual position for that time
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00637-00150310-00150503 that the Hebrew and not the Septuagint
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00638-00150504-00150663 was the inspired text of the Old
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00639-00150664-00150918 Testament the traditional view is that
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00640-00150919-00151125 he used this knowledge to translate what
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00641-00151126-00151299 became known as the Vulgate and his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00642-00151300-00151478 translation was slowly but eventually
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00643-00151479-00151683 accepted in the Catholic Church
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00644-00151684-00151923 the later resurgence of Hebrew studies
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00645-00151924-00152250 within Christianity owes much to him he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00646-00152251-00152427 showed more zeal and interest in the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00647-00152428-00152570 ascetic ideal than an abstract
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00648-00152571-00152826 speculation it was this strict
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00649-00152827-00153039 asceticism that made Martin Luther judge
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00650-00153040-00153144 him so severely
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00651-00153145-00153375 in fact Protestant readers are not
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00652-00153376-00153554 generally inclined to accept his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00653-00153555-00153813 writings as authoritative the tendency
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00654-00153814-00154035 to recognize a superior comes out in his
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00655-00154036-00154259 correspondence with Augustine CF
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00656-00154260-00154740 Jerome's letters numbered 56 67 102 to
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00657-00154741-00155514 105 110 to 112 115 to 116 and 28 39 40
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00658-00155515-00156069 67 - 68 71 to 75 81 to 82 in Augustine's
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00659-00156070-00156303 despite the criticisms already mentioned
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00660-00156304-00156486 jerome has retained a rank among the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00661-00156487-00156774 Western fathers this would be his due if
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00662-00156775-00156965 for nothing else on account of the great
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00663-00156966-00157203 influence exercised by his Latin version
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00664-00157204-00157373 of the Bible upon the subsequent
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00665-00157374-00157557 ecclesiastical and theological
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00666-00157558-00158110 development
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00667-00158111-00158608 topic in art
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00668-00158609-00158872 in art Jerome is often represented as
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00669-00158873-00159058 one of the four Latin doctors of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00670-00159059-00159205 church along with Augustine of Hippo
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00671-00159206-00159478 Ambrose and Pope Gregory the first as a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00672-00159479-00159697 prominent member of the Roman clergy he
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00673-00159698-00159783 has often been portrayed
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00674-00159784-00159967 anachronistically in the garb of a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00675-00159968-00160237 cardinal even when he is depicted as a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00676-00160238-00160489 half-clad anchorite with cross skull and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00677-00160490-00160687 Bible for the only furniture of his cell
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00678-00160688-00160903 the red hat or some other indication of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00679-00160904-00161068 his rank as Cardinal as as a rule
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00680-00161069-00161286 introduced somewhere in the picture
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00681-00161287-00161563 during Jerome's life Cardinals did not
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00682-00161564-00161800 exist however by the time of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00683-00161801-00161962 Renaissance and the Baroque it was
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00684-00161963-00162163 common practice for a secretary to the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00685-00162164-00162364 Pope to be a cardinal as Jerome had
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00686-00162365-00162577 effectively been to Damascus and so this
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00687-00162578-00162718 was reflected in artistic
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00688-00162719-00162991 interpretations he is also often
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00689-00162992-00163210 depicted with a lion in reference to the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00690-00163211-00163405 popular hagiographical belief that
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00691-00163406-00163555 Jerome had tamed a lion in the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00692-00163556-00163819 wilderness by healing its paw the source
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00693-00163820-00164002 for the story may actually have been the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00694-00164003-00164227 second century Roman tale of Androcles
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00695-00164228-00164446 or confusion with the exploits of Saint
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00696-00164447-00164673 Gerasimov Jerome in later latinas
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00697-00164674-00165004 Geronimo's hagiographies of jerome
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00698-00165005-00165199 talked of his having spent many years in
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00699-00165200-00165385 the syrian desert an artists often
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00700-00165386-00165679 depict him in a wilderness which for
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00701-00165680-00165874 West European painters can take the form
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00702-00165875-00166174 of a wood or forest from the late Middle
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00703-00166175-00166363 Ages depictions of him in a wider
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00704-00166364-00166630 setting became popular he is either
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00705-00166631-00166846 shown in his study surrounded by books
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00706-00166847-00167053 and the equipment of a scholar or in a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00707-00167054-00167212 rocky desert or in a setting that
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00708-00167213-00167425 combines both themes with him studying a
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00709-00167426-00167620 book under the shelter of a rock face or
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00710-00167621-00167872 cave mouth his attribute of the lion
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00711-00167873-00168085 often shown at a smaller scale may be
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00712-00168086-00168364 beside him in either setting the saint
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00713-00168365-00168556 is often depicted in connection with the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00714-00168557-00168745 Vanitas motif the reflection on the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00715-00168746-00168931 meaninglessness of earthly life and the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00716-00168932-00169120 transient nature of all earthly Goods
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00717-00169121-00169435 and pursuits in the 16th century Saint
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00718-00169436-00169642 Jerome in his study by Peter Koch Van
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00719-00169643-00169852 Elst and workshop the Saint is depicted
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00720-00169853-00170110 with a skull behind him on the wall is
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00721-00170111-00170332 pinned an admonition Kaja de mori think
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00722-00170333-00170575 upon death further reminders of the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00723-00170576-00170785 Vanitas motif of the passage of time and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00724-00170786-00170971 the imminence of death are the image of
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00725-00170972-00171166 the Last Judgement visible in the Saints
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00726-00171167-00171394 Bible the candle in the hourglass he is
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00727-00171395-00171613 also sometimes depicted with an owl the
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00728-00171614-00171892 symbol of wisdom and scholarship writing
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00729-00171893-00171985 materials and
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00730-00171986-00172201 trumpet of final judgment are also part
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00731-00172202-00172483 of his iconography he is commemorated on
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00732-00172484-00173148 the 30th of September with a memorial
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00733-00173149-00173685 topic see also
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00734-00173686-00174088 Bible translations Ferdinand Cavalera
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00735-00174089-00174575 church fathers Genesius of arles letter
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00736-00174576-00174938 of Jerome to Pope Damasus order of st.
+JcnvGaxZBEk-00737-00174939-00175514 jerome international translation day
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00000-00000107-00000286 [Music]
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00001-00000287-00001066 welcome the antagonist here
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00002-00001067-00001322 you [__] better be aware of the
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00003-00001323-00001648 big update that's on its way for my age
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00004-00001650-00001933 with game you're going to get a survival
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00005-00001934-00002152 mode where you play as some of my
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00006-00002153-00002489 followers on brand new levels this mode
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00007-00002490-00002776 includes profile progression unlockable
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00008-00002777-00003071 weapons perks and all that [__] you know
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00009-00003072-00003407 from other games once more the base
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00010-00003408-00003677 campaign the one where I in the main
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00011-00003678-00003959 character will have numerous fixes and
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00012-00003960-00004225 updates such as optimization more
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00013-00004226-00004493 options new difficulty levels and much
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00014-00004494-00004592 much more
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00015-00004593-00004879 and guess what maggots you get this
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00016-00004880-00005195 survival add-on for free so if you
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00017-00005196-00005432 didn't buy a hatred yet do it right away
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00018-00005433-00005839 but I will find you on my next genocide
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00019-00005840-00006203 crusade and also remember if you're
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00020-00006204-00006481 determined before Australian you can buy
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00021-00006483-00006553 a hatred
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00022-00006554-00006805 directly from destructive creations my
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00023-00006806-00007204 creators get your key and play the [__]
+Jd5u-ZbIzFM-00024-00007205-00007495 out of this game
+JfARC-1u930-00000-00000126-00000364 hello guys AJ here just letting you know
+JfARC-1u930-00001-00000365-00000613 that there's like a videomer up
+JfARC-1u930-00002-00000614-00000947 thereish that you should all watch yeah
+JfARC-1u930-00003-00000948-00001127 it's about me getting a new car it's not
+JfARC-1u930-00004-00001128-00001354 this car so there's no sports for you
+JfARC-1u930-00005-00001355-00001721 guys anyways I hope I hope you guys
+JfARC-1u930-00006-00001722-00001955 watch that video and I'll see you over
+JfARC-1u930-00007-00001955-00002147 there oh yeah and also it's in the top
+JfARC-1u930-00008-00002148-00002273 comment
+JfARC-1u930-00009-00002274-00002660 what is that police Hungary anyways bye
+JgySMwTHnGY-00000-00000128-00000415 a suspension you're kidding me
+JgySMwTHnGY-00001-00000416-00000711 cupid agent agape your statistics for
+JgySMwTHnGY-00002-00000712-00001146 pairings are unusually hot
+JgySMwTHnGY-00003-00001147-00001391 [Music]
+JgySMwTHnGY-00004-00001392-00002883 now that is why you need to be more
+JgySMwTHnGY-00005-00002884-00003146 selective
+JgySMwTHnGY-00006-00003147-00003575 [Music]
+JgySMwTHnGY-00007-00003576-00003784 you
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00000-00001309-00001518 thank you
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00001-00001519-00001751 ladies and gentlemen now is the time for
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00002-00001752-00001984 audience participation where I get you
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00003-00001985-00002423 to reach deep into your pants
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00004-00002424-00002734 grab a good firm hold
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00005-00002735-00003010 of your raffle ticket
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00006-00003011-00003160 I like that I heard one person being
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00007-00003161-00003475 like I don't have pants good for you
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00008-00003476-00003811 everyone here should be pensionless
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00009-00003811-00004295 and if you're not I'll wait laughs
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00010-00004296-00004451 and while I'm waiting ladies and
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00011-00004452-00004625 gentlemen one more time for Sophia
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00012-00004626-00004717 Sunday
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00013-00004718-00005449 [Applause]
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00014-00005450-00005668 so ladies and gentlemen we're about to
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00015-00005669-00006035 do two different raffle polls
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00016-00006036-00006454 here we go
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00017-00006455-00006664 first raffle poll we have
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00018-00006665-00007009 pasties quite deep into Shore
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00019-00007011-00007264 [Applause]
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00020-00007265-00007842 they look a little something like that
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00021-00007843-00008159 I know if I can make them sexy you just
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00022-00008159-00008392 imagine how they're gonna look on you
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00023-00008393-00008827 sir
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00024-00008828-00009233 yeah we also have two tickets
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00025-00009234-00009485 to December's Richmond to Burlesque
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00026-00009486-00009568 Review
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00027-00009569-00009839 [Applause]
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00028-00009840-00009996 that's gonna be [__] awesome
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00029-00009997-00010355 so let's start with this oh and we also
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00030-00010356-00010560 have
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00031-00010561-00011014 a sign print from Sofia Sunday
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00032-00011015-00011219 that's going to be awesome which looks a
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00033-00011220-00011555 little something like this
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00034-00011556-00011753 hang it in your office and make everyone
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00035-00011754-00012055 go wait what
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00036-00012056-00012319 the hell is that dude
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00037-00012320-00012581 make your bus go what you've been up to
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00038-00012582-00012858 jealous
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00039-00012859-00013138 so ladies and gentlemen I'm about to
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00040-00013140-00013457 reach deep into This Woman's
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00041-00013458-00013857 very fuzzy box
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00042-00013858-00014343 [Applause]
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00043-00014344-00015403 [Music]
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00044-00015404-00015694 ladies and gentlemen also remember
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00045-00015695-00015943 never be afraid to go to the wrist
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00046-00015944-00016163 [Music]
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00047-00016163-00016777 always be afraid to go to the Elbow
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00048-00016778-00017171 also if I teach you nothing else if you
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00049-00017172-00017303 remember nothing else from this evening
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00050-00017304-00017447 that I have said to you I hope you
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00051-00017448-00017657 remember the goddamn show but if you
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00052-00017658-00017789 remember nothing else that I've said you
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00053-00017790-00017921 will remember this
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00054-00017922-00018167 if ever you're in a position to need a
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00055-00018168-00018280 safe word
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00056-00018281-00018599 do not use the word harder it is not
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00057-00018600-00018947 going to go over like you planned
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00058-00018948-00019805 just saying so here we go
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00059-00019806-00020033 I said I should always be afraid to go
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00060-00020034-00020200 to the room it's any homo I didn't say
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00061-00020201-00020479 don't do it
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00062-00020480-00020903 ladies and gentlemen the first ticket is
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00063-00020904-00021257 eight one one
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00064-00021258-00021407 see I love doing that because everybody
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00065-00021408-00021664 [__] does that [__] I love that
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00066-00021665-00022013 zero three eight
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00067-00022014-00022217 ladies and gentlemen eight one one zero
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00068-00022218-00022499 three eights bring your ticket up my
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00069-00022500-00022914 dear
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00070-00022915-00023135 lovely lovely if I may have your ticket
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00071-00023136-00023327 I will make your trade
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00072-00023328-00023477 I'm thinking of beauty what's your name
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00073-00023478-00023561 idea
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00074-00023562-00023836 Rebecca Becca it's a pleasure to have
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00075-00023837-00023999 you up on our stage thank you so very
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00076-00024000-00024333 much for playing those are all yours
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00077-00024334-00024703 [Applause]
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00078-00024704-00024899 ladies and gentlemen time for raffle
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00079-00024900-00025103 poll number two which includes two
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00080-00025104-00025294 tickets to burlesque at the bird on
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00081-00025295-00025463 December 7th
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00082-00025464-00026014 pastries by empress dnest
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00083-00026016-00026146 would you look a little something like
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00084-00026147-00026695 that yeah
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00085-00026695-00027052 and look at the Pasty as well I'm
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00086-00027054-00027317 covered in glitter it counts [__] it
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00087-00027318-00027929 we also have a hoop by Scarlet starlets
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00088-00027930-00028187 very holiday-esque as well so you can
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00089-00028188-00028541 really hoop all Christmas long
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00090-00028542-00028702 [Music]
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00091-00028702-00028945 [Applause]
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00092-00028945-00029740 Island you know I love it
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00093-00029741-00030143 ladies and gentlemen 811
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00094-00030144-00030437 zero two one
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00095-00030438-00030593 yeah
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00096-00030594-00030967 one zero two one
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00097-00030968-00031470 ladies and gentlemen
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00098-00031472-00031757 there we are
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00099-00031758-00032185 a thing of beauty
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00100-00032186-00032507 if I did yeah
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00101-00032508-00032812 zero two zero zero two one
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00102-00032813-00032965 what's your name love
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00103-00032966-00033190 Joanne it's a pleasure to meet a chick
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00104-00033191-00033455 there's a hula hoop for you a set of
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00105-00033456-00033899 pastries and two tickets
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00106-00033900-00034035 thank you
+Jhtwf1thvNo-00107-00034036-00034527 [Applause]