nLMA9_0_5po-00000-00000058-00000350 behavior American English or behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00001-00000351-00000542 Commonwealth English is the range of
nLMA9_0_5po-00002-00000543-00000719 actions and mannerisms made by
nLMA9_0_5po-00003-00000720-00000977 individuals organisms systems or
nLMA9_0_5po-00004-00000977-00001181 artificial entities in conjunction with
nLMA9_0_5po-00005-00001182-00001375 themselves or their environment which
nLMA9_0_5po-00006-00001376-00001598 includes the other systems or organisms
nLMA9_0_5po-00007-00001599-00001771 around as well as the inanimate physical
nLMA9_0_5po-00008-00001772-00002105 environment it is the computed response
nLMA9_0_5po-00009-00002106-00002321 of the system or organism to various
nLMA9_0_5po-00010-00002322-00002560 stimuli or inputs whether internal or
nLMA9_0_5po-00011-00002561-00002825 external conscious or subconscious overt
nLMA9_0_5po-00012-00002826-00003009 or covert and voluntary or involuntary
nLMA9_0_5po-00013-00003010-00003235 taking a behavior informatics
nLMA9_0_5po-00014-00003236-00003440 perspective a behavior consists of
nLMA9_0_5po-00015-00003440-00003704 behavior actor operation interactions
nLMA9_0_5po-00016-00003704-00003997 and the properties a behavior can be
nLMA9_0_5po-00017-00003998-00004695 represented as a behavior vector
nLMA9_0_5po-00018-00004696-00005069 topic models
nLMA9_0_5po-00019-00005070-00005575 you
nLMA9_0_5po-00020-00005576-00006111 topic biology
nLMA9_0_5po-00021-00006112-00006339 although there is some disagreement as
nLMA9_0_5po-00022-00006340-00006573 to how to precisely define behavior in a
nLMA9_0_5po-00023-00006573-00006777 biological context one common
nLMA9_0_5po-00024-00006778-00007014 interpretation based on a meta-analysis
nLMA9_0_5po-00025-00007015-00007229 of scientific literature states that
nLMA9_0_5po-00026-00007230-00007515 behavior is the internally coordinated
nLMA9_0_5po-00027-00007516-00007818 responses actions or inactions of whole
nLMA9_0_5po-00028-00007819-00008120 living organisms individuals or groups -
nLMA9_0_5po-00029-00008122-00008423 internal and/or external stimuli a
nLMA9_0_5po-00030-00008424-00008658 broader definition of behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00031-00008659-00008826 applicable to plants and other organisms
nLMA9_0_5po-00032-00008827-00009108 is similar to the concept of phenotypic
nLMA9_0_5po-00033-00009109-00009213 plasticity
nLMA9_0_5po-00034-00009214-00009498 it describes behavior as a response to
nLMA9_0_5po-00035-00009499-00009699 an event or environment change during
nLMA9_0_5po-00036-00009700-00009846 the course of the lifetime of an
nLMA9_0_5po-00037-00009847-00010002 individual differing from other
nLMA9_0_5po-00038-00010003-00010233 physiological or biochemical changes
nLMA9_0_5po-00039-00010234-00010449 that occur more rapidly and excluding
nLMA9_0_5po-00040-00010450-00010638 changes that a result of development
nLMA9_0_5po-00041-00010639-00010874 ontogeny behaviors can be either innate
nLMA9_0_5po-00042-00010875-00011208 or learned from the environment behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00043-00011209-00011399 can be regarded as any action of an
nLMA9_0_5po-00044-00011400-00011610 organism that changes its relationship
nLMA9_0_5po-00045-00011611-00011901 to its environment behavior provides
nLMA9_0_5po-00046-00011902-00012087 outputs from the organism to the
nLMA9_0_5po-00047-00012088-00012619 environment
nLMA9_0_5po-00048-00012620-00013178 topic human behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00049-00013179-00013405 human behavior is believed to be
nLMA9_0_5po-00050-00013406-00013625 influenced by the endocrine system and
nLMA9_0_5po-00051-00013626-00013919 the nervous system it is most commonly
nLMA9_0_5po-00052-00013919-00014135 believed that complexity in the behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00053-00014136-00014333 of an organism is correlated to the
nLMA9_0_5po-00054-00014334-00014553 complexity of its nervous system
nLMA9_0_5po-00055-00014554-00014836 generally organisms with more complex
nLMA9_0_5po-00056-00014837-00015022 nervous systems have a greater capacity
nLMA9_0_5po-00057-00015023-00015278 to learn new responses and thus adjust
nLMA9_0_5po-00058-00015279-00015855 their behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00059-00015856-00016280 topic animal behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00060-00016281-00016786 you
nLMA9_0_5po-00061-00016787-00017410 topic consumer behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00062-00017411-00017798 consumers behavior consumer behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00063-00017799-00018017 refers to the processes consumers go
nLMA9_0_5po-00064-00018018-00018224 through and reactions they have towards
nLMA9_0_5po-00065-00018225-00018599 products or services now in 2013 it is
nLMA9_0_5po-00066-00018600-00018839 to do with consumption and the processes
nLMA9_0_5po-00067-00018840-00019049 consumers go through around purchasing
nLMA9_0_5po-00068-00019050-00019277 and consuming goods and services as said
nLMA9_0_5po-00069-00019278-00019637 wacom Oaks its Kerr 2015 consumers
nLMA9_0_5po-00070-00019638-00019871 recognize needs or once and go through a
nLMA9_0_5po-00071-00019872-00020225 process to satisfy these needs consumer
nLMA9_0_5po-00072-00020226-00020435 behavior is the process they go through
nLMA9_0_5po-00073-00020436-00020642 as customers which includes types of
nLMA9_0_5po-00074-00020643-00020828 products purchased amount spent
nLMA9_0_5po-00075-00020829-00021022 frequency of purchases and what
nLMA9_0_5po-00076-00021023-00021203 influences them to make the purchase
nLMA9_0_5po-00077-00021204-00021452 decision or not there is a lot that
nLMA9_0_5po-00078-00021453-00021674 influences consumer behavior with
nLMA9_0_5po-00079-00021675-00021866 contributions from both internal and
nLMA9_0_5po-00080-00021867-00022109 external factors as said wacom Oaks its
nLMA9_0_5po-00081-00022110-00022460 Kerr 2015 internal factors include
nLMA9_0_5po-00082-00022461-00022772 attitudes needs motives preferences and
nLMA9_0_5po-00083-00022773-00022991 perceptual processes whilst external
nLMA9_0_5po-00084-00022992-00023189 factors include marketing activities
nLMA9_0_5po-00085-00023190-00023459 social and economic factors and cultural
nLMA9_0_5po-00086-00023460-00023778 aspects as said wacom Oaks its Kerr 2015
nLMA9_0_5po-00087-00023779-00024080 dr. Lars / nur of the university of
nLMA9_0_5po-00088-00024081-00024266 southern california claims that there
nLMA9_0_5po-00089-00024267-00024478 are also physical factors that influence
nLMA9_0_5po-00090-00024479-00024700 consumer behavior for example if a
nLMA9_0_5po-00091-00024701-00024917 consumer is hungry then this physical
nLMA9_0_5po-00092-00024918-00025106 feeling of hunger will influence them so
nLMA9_0_5po-00093-00025107-00025292 that they go and purchase a sandwich to
nLMA9_0_5po-00094-00025293-00025750 satisfy the hunger burner 2008 consumer
nLMA9_0_5po-00095-00025751-00026036 decision making there is a model
nLMA9_0_5po-00096-00026037-00026203 described by Lars Pernod which
nLMA9_0_5po-00097-00026204-00026420 illustrates the decision-making process
nLMA9_0_5po-00098-00026420-00026624 with regards to consumer behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00099-00026625-00026888 it begins with recognition of a problem
nLMA9_0_5po-00100-00026889-00027139 the consumer recognizes a need or want
nLMA9_0_5po-00101-00027141-00027439 which has not been satisfied this leads
nLMA9_0_5po-00102-00027441-00027608 the consumer to search for information
nLMA9_0_5po-00103-00027608-00027860 if it is a low involvement product then
nLMA9_0_5po-00104-00027861-00028079 the search will be internal identifying
nLMA9_0_5po-00105-00028080-00028388 alternatives purely from memory if the
nLMA9_0_5po-00106-00028389-00028568 product is high involvement then the
nLMA9_0_5po-00107-00028569-00028757 search be more thorough such as reading
nLMA9_0_5po-00108-00028758-00029105 reviews or reports or asking friends the
nLMA9_0_5po-00109-00029106-00029312 consumer will then evaluate his or her
nLMA9_0_5po-00110-00029313-00029539 alternatives comparing price quality
nLMA9_0_5po-00111-00029541-00029783 doing trade-offs between products and
nLMA9_0_5po-00112-00029783-00029969 narrowing down the choice by eliminating
nLMA9_0_5po-00113-00029970-00030173 the less appealing products until there
nLMA9_0_5po-00114-00030174-00030437 is one left after this has been
nLMA9_0_5po-00115-00030438-00030644 identified the consumer will purchase
nLMA9_0_5po-00116-00030645-00030806 the product
nLMA9_0_5po-00117-00030807-00031022 finally the consumer will evaluate the
nLMA9_0_5po-00118-00031023-00031199 purchase decision and the purchased
nLMA9_0_5po-00119-00031200-00031382 product bringing in factors such as
nLMA9_0_5po-00120-00031383-00031604 value for money quality of goods and
nLMA9_0_5po-00121-00031605-00031823 purchase experience model taken from
nLMA9_0_5po-00122-00031824-00032243 Poorna 2008 how the four P's influence
nLMA9_0_5po-00123-00032244-00032564 consumer behavior the four PS are a
nLMA9_0_5po-00124-00032564-00032762 marketing tool and stand for price
nLMA9_0_5po-00125-00032763-00033011 promotion product in place or product
nLMA9_0_5po-00126-00033012-00033428 placement clemens 2008 consumer behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00127-00033429-00033632 is influenced greatly by business to
nLMA9_0_5po-00128-00033633-00033854 consumer marketing so being a prominent
nLMA9_0_5po-00129-00033855-00034088 marketing tool the four PS will have an
nLMA9_0_5po-00130-00034089-00034385 effect on consumers behavior the price
nLMA9_0_5po-00131-00034386-00034556 of a good or service is largely
nLMA9_0_5po-00132-00034557-00034781 determined by the market as businesses
nLMA9_0_5po-00133-00034782-00034973 will set the prices to be similar to
nLMA9_0_5po-00134-00034974-00035147 that of other business so as to remain
nLMA9_0_5po-00135-00035148-00035342 competitive whilst making a profit
nLMA9_0_5po-00136-00035343-00035738 Clemens 2008 when market prices for a
nLMA9_0_5po-00137-00035739-00035939 product are high it will cause consumers
nLMA9_0_5po-00138-00035940-00036164 to purchase less and use purchased goods
nLMA9_0_5po-00139-00036165-00036386 for longer periods of time meaning they
nLMA9_0_5po-00140-00036387-00036631 are purchasing the product less often
nLMA9_0_5po-00141-00036632-00036896 alternatively when market prices for a
nLMA9_0_5po-00142-00036897-00037088 product are low consumers are more
nLMA9_0_5po-00143-00037089-00037280 likely to purchase more of the product
nLMA9_0_5po-00144-00037281-00037541 and more often the way that promotion
nLMA9_0_5po-00145-00037542-00037805 influences consumer behavior has changed
nLMA9_0_5po-00146-00037806-00038096 over time in the past large promotional
nLMA9_0_5po-00147-00038097-00038297 campaigns and lots of advertising would
nLMA9_0_5po-00148-00038298-00038513 convert into sales for a business but
nLMA9_0_5po-00149-00038514-00038735 nowadays businesses can have success on
nLMA9_0_5po-00150-00038736-00038924 products with little or no advertising
nLMA9_0_5po-00151-00038925-00039347 Clemens 2008 this is due to the internet
nLMA9_0_5po-00152-00039348-00039686 and in particular social media they rely
nLMA9_0_5po-00153-00039687-00039887 on word of mouth from consumers using
nLMA9_0_5po-00154-00039888-00040109 social media and as products trend
nLMA9_0_5po-00155-00040110-00040346 online so sales increases products
nLMA9_0_5po-00156-00040347-00040555 effectively promote themselves Clemens
nLMA9_0_5po-00157-00040556-00040955 2008 thus promotion by businesses does
nLMA9_0_5po-00158-00040956-00041162 not necessarily result in consumer
nLMA9_0_5po-00159-00041163-00041363 behavior trending towards purchasing
nLMA9_0_5po-00160-00041364-00041675 products the way that product influences
nLMA9_0_5po-00161-00041676-00041870 consumer behavior is through consumer
nLMA9_0_5po-00162-00041871-00042065 willingness to pay and consumer
nLMA9_0_5po-00163-00042066-00042202 preferences Clemens
nLMA9_0_5po-00164-00042203-00042581 2008 this means that even if a company
nLMA9_0_5po-00165-00042582-00042770 were to have a long history of products
nLMA9_0_5po-00166-00042771-00042980 in the market consumers will still pick
nLMA9_0_5po-00167-00042981-00043169 a cheaper product over the company in
nLMA9_0_5po-00168-00043170-00043361 questions product if it means they will
nLMA9_0_5po-00169-00043362-00043526 pay less for something that is very
nLMA9_0_5po-00170-00043527-00043634 similar Clemens
nLMA9_0_5po-00171-00043635-00043988 2008 this is due to consumer willingness
nLMA9_0_5po-00172-00043989-00044189 to pay or their willingness to
nLMA9_0_5po-00173-00044190-00044362 art with their money they have earned
nLMA9_0_5po-00174-00044363-00044633 product also influences consumer
nLMA9_0_5po-00175-00044634-00044840 behavior through customer preferences
nLMA9_0_5po-00176-00044841-00045155 for example take Pepsi versus coca-cola
nLMA9_0_5po-00177-00045156-00045389 a pepsi drinker is less likely to
nLMA9_0_5po-00178-00045390-00045632 purchase Coca Cola even if it is cheaper
nLMA9_0_5po-00179-00045633-00045914 and more convenient this is due to the
nLMA9_0_5po-00180-00045915-00046121 preference of the consumer and no matter
nLMA9_0_5po-00181-00046122-00046346 how hard the opposing company tries they
nLMA9_0_5po-00182-00046347-00046532 will not be able to force the customer
nLMA9_0_5po-00183-00046533-00046820 to change their mind product placement
nLMA9_0_5po-00184-00046821-00046985 in the modern era has little influence
nLMA9_0_5po-00185-00046986-00047212 on consumer behavior due to the
nLMA9_0_5po-00186-00047213-00047446 availability of goods online clemens
nLMA9_0_5po-00187-00047447-00047818 2008 if a customer can purchase a good
nLMA9_0_5po-00188-00047819-00047993 from the comfort of their home instead
nLMA9_0_5po-00189-00047994-00048164 of purchasing in-store then the
nLMA9_0_5po-00190-00048165-00048352 placement of products is not going to
nLMA9_0_5po-00191-00048353-00049054 influence their purchase decision
nLMA9_0_5po-00192-00049055-00049622 topic in management
nLMA9_0_5po-00193-00049623-00050330 behavior outside of psychology includes
nLMA9_0_5po-00194-00050331-00050896 topic organizational
nLMA9_0_5po-00195-00050897-00051172 in management behaviors are associated
nLMA9_0_5po-00196-00051173-00051387 with desired or undesired focuses
nLMA9_0_5po-00197-00051388-00051633 managers generally note what the desired
nLMA9_0_5po-00198-00051634-00051864 outcome is but behavioral patterns can
nLMA9_0_5po-00199-00051865-00052114 take over these patterns are the
nLMA9_0_5po-00200-00052115-00052290 reference to how often the desired
nLMA9_0_5po-00201-00052291-00052585 behavior actually occurs before a
nLMA9_0_5po-00202-00052586-00052830 behavior actually occurs antecedents
nLMA9_0_5po-00203-00052832-00053038 focus on the stimuli that influence the
nLMA9_0_5po-00204-00053039-00053329 behavior that is about to happen after
nLMA9_0_5po-00205-00053329-00053566 the behavior occurs consequences fall
nLMA9_0_5po-00206-00053566-00053676 into place
nLMA9_0_5po-00207-00053677-00053923 consequences consist of rewards or
nLMA9_0_5po-00208-00053924-00054469 punishments
nLMA9_0_5po-00209-00054470-00054902 topic social behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00210-00054903-00055410 you
nLMA9_0_5po-00211-00055411-00056063 topic behavior informatics
nLMA9_0_5po-00212-00056064-00056303 behavior informatics also called
nLMA9_0_5po-00213-00056304-00056546 behavior computing explores behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00214-00056547-00056759 intelligence and behavior insights from
nLMA9_0_5po-00215-00056760-00056884 the informatics and computing
nLMA9_0_5po-00216-00056885-00057528 perspectives
nLMA9_0_5po-00217-00057529-00058049 topic health
nLMA9_0_5po-00218-00058050-00058304 health behavior refers to a person's
nLMA9_0_5po-00219-00058304-00058484 beliefs and actions regarding their
nLMA9_0_5po-00220-00058485-00058597 health and well-being
nLMA9_0_5po-00221-00058598-00058889 health behaviors are direct factors in
nLMA9_0_5po-00222-00058890-00059135 maintaining a healthy lifestyle health
nLMA9_0_5po-00223-00059136-00059357 behaviors are influenced by the social
nLMA9_0_5po-00224-00059358-00059573 cultural and physical environments in
nLMA9_0_5po-00225-00059574-00059828 which we live and work they are shaped
nLMA9_0_5po-00226-00059829-00060053 by individual choices and external
nLMA9_0_5po-00227-00060054-00060316 constraints positive behaviors help
nLMA9_0_5po-00228-00060317-00060529 promote health and prevent disease while
nLMA9_0_5po-00229-00060530-00060763 the opposite is true for risk behaviors
nLMA9_0_5po-00230-00060764-00061046 health behaviors are early indicators of
nLMA9_0_5po-00231-00061047-00061316 population health because of the time
nLMA9_0_5po-00232-00061316-00061502 lag that often occurs between certain
nLMA9_0_5po-00233-00061503-00061724 behaviors and the development of disease
nLMA9_0_5po-00234-00061725-00061946 these indicators may foreshadow the
nLMA9_0_5po-00235-00061947-00062144 future burdens and benefits of health
nLMA9_0_5po-00236-00062145-00062359 risk and health promoting behaviors
nLMA9_0_5po-00237-00062360-00062609 health behaviors do not occur in
nLMA9_0_5po-00238-00062610-00062846 isolation they are influenced and
nLMA9_0_5po-00239-00062847-00063598 constrained by social and cultural norms
nLMA9_0_5po-00240-00063599-00064127 topic correlates
nLMA9_0_5po-00241-00064128-00064388 a variety of studies have examined the
nLMA9_0_5po-00242-00064389-00064586 relationship between health behaviors
nLMA9_0_5po-00243-00064587-00064703 and health outcomes
nLMA9_0_5po-00244-00064704-00064937 eg black stone 1990 and have
nLMA9_0_5po-00245-00064938-00065099 demonstrated their role in both
nLMA9_0_5po-00246-00065100-00065438 morbidity and mortality these studies
nLMA9_0_5po-00247-00065439-00065639 have identified seven features of
nLMA9_0_5po-00248-00065640-00065837 lifestyle which were associated with
nLMA9_0_5po-00249-00065838-00066041 lower morbidity and higher subsequent
nLMA9_0_5po-00250-00066042-00066271 long-term survival bellick and Breslow
nLMA9_0_5po-00251-00066272-00066782 1972 avoiding snacks eating breakfast
nLMA9_0_5po-00252-00066783-00067153 regularly exercising regularly
nLMA9_0_5po-00253-00067154-00067438 maintaining a desirable body weight
nLMA9_0_5po-00254-00067439-00067879 moderate alcohol intake not smoking
nLMA9_0_5po-00255-00067880-00068120 sleeping seven to eight H per night
nLMA9_0_5po-00256-00068121-00068339 health behaviors impact upon individuals
nLMA9_0_5po-00257-00068340-00068564 quality of life by delaying the onset of
nLMA9_0_5po-00258-00068565-00068762 chronic disease and extending active
nLMA9_0_5po-00259-00068763-00069104 lifespan smoking alcohol consumption
nLMA9_0_5po-00260-00069105-00069380 diet gaps in primary care services and
nLMA9_0_5po-00261-00069381-00069587 low screening uptake are all significant
nLMA9_0_5po-00262-00069588-00069803 determinants of poor health and changing
nLMA9_0_5po-00263-00069804-00069989 such behaviors should lead to improved
nLMA9_0_5po-00264-00069990-00070412 health for example in USA healthy people
nLMA9_0_5po-00265-00070413-00070688 2000 United States Department of Health
nLMA9_0_5po-00266-00070689-00071009 and Human Services u.s. DHHS lists
nLMA9_0_5po-00267-00071010-00071234 increased physical activity changes in
nLMA9_0_5po-00268-00071235-00071414 nutrition and reductions in tobacco
nLMA9_0_5po-00269-00071415-00071660 alcohol and drug use is important for
nLMA9_0_5po-00270-00071661-00072359 health promotion and disease prevention
nLMA9_0_5po-00271-00072360-00072932 topic treatment approach
nLMA9_0_5po-00272-00072933-00073169 any interventions done are matched with
nLMA9_0_5po-00273-00073170-00073337 the needs of each individual in an
nLMA9_0_5po-00274-00073338-00073519 ethical and respected manner
nLMA9_0_5po-00275-00073520-00073823 HBM encourages increasing individuals
nLMA9_0_5po-00276-00073824-00074032 perceived susceptibility to negative
nLMA9_0_5po-00277-00074033-00074234 health outcomes and making individuals
nLMA9_0_5po-00278-00074235-00074453 aware of the severity of such negative
nLMA9_0_5po-00279-00074454-00074762 health behavior outcomes eg through
nLMA9_0_5po-00280-00074763-00075041 health promotion messages in addition
nLMA9_0_5po-00281-00075042-00075311 the HBM suggests the need to focus on
nLMA9_0_5po-00282-00075312-00075515 the benefits of health behaviors and the
nLMA9_0_5po-00283-00075516-00075704 fact that barriers to action are easily
nLMA9_0_5po-00284-00075705-00076010 overcome the theory of planned behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00285-00076011-00076304 TPB suggests using persuasive messages
nLMA9_0_5po-00286-00076305-00076499 for tackling behavioral beliefs to
nLMA9_0_5po-00287-00076500-00076669 increase the readiness to perform a
nLMA9_0_5po-00288-00076670-00076879 behavior called intentions
nLMA9_0_5po-00289-00076880-00077141 TPB advocates the need to tackle
nLMA9_0_5po-00290-00077142-00077384 normative beliefs and control beliefs in
nLMA9_0_5po-00291-00077385-00077596 any attempt to change behavior
nLMA9_0_5po-00292-00077597-00077837 challenging the normative beliefs isn't
nLMA9_0_5po-00293-00077838-00077984 enough but to follow through the
nLMA9_0_5po-00294-00077985-00078175 intention with self-efficacy from
nLMA9_0_5po-00295-00078176-00078400 individuals mastery in problem-solving
nLMA9_0_5po-00296-00078401-00078605 and task completion is important to
nLMA9_0_5po-00297-00078606-00078823 bring about a positive change
nLMA9_0_5po-00298-00078824-00079088 self-efficacy is often cemented through
nLMA9_0_5po-00299-00079089-00079460 standard persuasive techniques equals
nLMA9_0_5po-00300-00079461-00079777 equals see also
nNibHjnpwGo-00000-00000000-00000241 properties 1993 it's a little bit older
nNibHjnpwGo-00001-00000242-00000557 I just sitting out front it looks like
nNibHjnpwGo-00002-00000558-00000770 it's been updated a little bit I can see
nNibHjnpwGo-00003-00000771-00000979 some minor issues with the roof I don't
nNibHjnpwGo-00004-00000980-00001094 know let's see what we're going to go
nNibHjnpwGo-00005-00001095-00001283 pop let's go check it out okay I just
nNibHjnpwGo-00006-00001284-00001420 finished the first walkthrough of the
nNibHjnpwGo-00007-00001421-00001558 property and I noticed there was several
nNibHjnpwGo-00008-00001559-00001772 water stains on the interior of the
nNibHjnpwGo-00009-00001773-00002023 structure whenever I see water stains
nNibHjnpwGo-00010-00002025-00002213 like this I either know that I'm going
nNibHjnpwGo-00011-00002214-00002560 to run into prior roof repairs or I
nNibHjnpwGo-00012-00002561-00002774 would like to get my feet on the roof so
nNibHjnpwGo-00013-00002775-00002987 I can physically touch the shingles on
nNibHjnpwGo-00014-00002988-00003158 this one I had several issues I had
nNibHjnpwGo-00015-00003159-00003443 exposed faster shingles lifting poorly
nNibHjnpwGo-00016-00003444-00003622 installed shingles against the wall
nNibHjnpwGo-00017-00003623-00003944 I had flu damage I have different types
nNibHjnpwGo-00018-00003945-00004097 of shingles where they did a prior
nNibHjnpwGo-00019-00004098-00004253 repair sometime that boy's the
nNibHjnpwGo-00020-00004254-00004538 manufacturer warranty I am going to talk
nNibHjnpwGo-00021-00004539-00004720 to Matt Brewster he's my roofer friend
nNibHjnpwGo-00022-00004721-00004936 that I always refer we bounce ideas back
nNibHjnpwGo-00023-00004937-00005150 off on each other so I'll throw those
nNibHjnpwGo-00024-00005151-00005297 comments below if you have any roofing
nNibHjnpwGo-00025-00005298-00005429 questions you always want to reach out
nNibHjnpwGo-00026-00005430-00005606 to him and he'll give you a better
nNibHjnpwGo-00027-00005607-00005765 assessment of what you're about to call
nNibHjnpwGo-00028-00005766-00006004 out or if you're a buyer you run into
nNibHjnpwGo-00029-00006005-00006277 something but anyways let me show you
nNibHjnpwGo-00030-00006278-00006445 some of those items that I found and
nNibHjnpwGo-00031-00006447-00006620 then we can kind of go from there and
nNibHjnpwGo-00032-00006620-00007445 we'll move on to the exterior we have
nNibHjnpwGo-00033-00007445-00007660 some shingle damage here if I went over
nNibHjnpwGo-00034-00007661-00007834 the tree used to touch the roof and we
nNibHjnpwGo-00035-00007836-00008106 actually have an exposed fastener to
nNibHjnpwGo-00036-00008108-00008542 everything in the future tree related
nNibHjnpwGo-00037-00008543-00008843 damage to you
nNibHjnpwGo-00038-00008844-00009613 [Music]
nNibHjnpwGo-00039-00009614-00009830 another common call-out for our buyers
nNibHjnpwGo-00040-00009831-00010013 is we let them know the condition of the
nNibHjnpwGo-00041-00010014-00010137 driveway you can see that this is
nNibHjnpwGo-00042-00010138-00010331 cracked some people this is think this
nNibHjnpwGo-00043-00010332-00010514 is related to foundation issues but it's
nNibHjnpwGo-00044-00010515-00010709 not coming around the corner I notice
nNibHjnpwGo-00045-00010710-00010887 there's a small crack in the slab right
nNibHjnpwGo-00046-00010888-00011114 here then I started noticing there was
nNibHjnpwGo-00047-00011115-00011495 several patches around the structure so
nNibHjnpwGo-00048-00011496-00011694 right here and then a few feet down
nNibHjnpwGo-00049-00011695-00011862 right here and then a few feet down
nNibHjnpwGo-00050-00011863-00011938 right here
nNibHjnpwGo-00051-00011939-00012206 normally this is all related to
nNibHjnpwGo-00052-00012207-00012452 foundation repair so I asked the
nNibHjnpwGo-00053-00012453-00012660 homeowner how long ago this happened and
nNibHjnpwGo-00054-00012661-00012816 he let me know it was only a few months
nNibHjnpwGo-00055-00012816-00013061 old so the foundation is performing
nNibHjnpwGo-00056-00013062-00013403 adequately today copper is no longer
nNibHjnpwGo-00057-00013404-00013755 allowed to transport gas we have a new
nNibHjnpwGo-00058-00013756-00014097 AC unit outside it's a 2014 and I always
nNibHjnpwGo-00059-00014097-00014333 like to check the freon which has 410 a
nNibHjnpwGo-00060-00014334-00014534 freon then you want to go in the Attic
nNibHjnpwGo-00061-00014535-00014766 and make sure that the attic coils
nNibHjnpwGo-00062-00014766-00014975 matched the outside convinced her freon
nNibHjnpwGo-00063-00014976-00015197 head around the corner I noticed there
nNibHjnpwGo-00064-00015198-00015431 was a unique bow around the end of the
nNibHjnpwGo-00065-00015432-00015633 siding I found out later that this
nNibHjnpwGo-00066-00015634-00015858 siding tends to do that when there's an
nNibHjnpwGo-00067-00015859-00016072 excessive amount of water penetration
nNibHjnpwGo-00068-00016073-00016293 and the water penetration comes four
nNibHjnpwGo-00069-00016294-00016530 points like this and around like the top
nNibHjnpwGo-00070-00016531-00016719 of the panel box and you can see how
nNibHjnpwGo-00071-00016720-00016880 these panel boxes are sitting sideways
nNibHjnpwGo-00072-00016881-00016997 and loose
nNibHjnpwGo-00073-00016998-00017415 this is a lot of defects from water the
nNibHjnpwGo-00074-00017416-00017574 rust and the cabinet comes from water
nNibHjnpwGo-00075-00017575-00017877 too as well you can even see underneath
nNibHjnpwGo-00076-00017878-00018102 the service meter it's pulled loose too
nNibHjnpwGo-00077-00018103-00018294 you want your house to be a 100%
nNibHjnpwGo-00078-00018295-00018576 watertight to help prevent any damage
nNibHjnpwGo-00079-00018577-00018840 structure another common call-out is
nNibHjnpwGo-00080-00018841-00019086 actually the fence fences aren't you
nNibHjnpwGo-00081-00019087-00019230 know underneath a normal track
nNibHjnpwGo-00082-00019231-00019455 inspection but we go ahead and let the
nNibHjnpwGo-00083-00019456-00019677 client know that it's in poor shape to
nNibHjnpwGo-00084-00019678-00019860 help let them know what they're
nNibHjnpwGo-00085-00019861-00020166 purchasing we got rust in the HVAC pan
nNibHjnpwGo-00086-00020167-00020331 indicating that there's previous leaks
nNibHjnpwGo-00087-00020332-00020526 we have air leaks that's the mold that
nNibHjnpwGo-00088-00020527-00020772 you see a captain secondary drain line
nNibHjnpwGo-00089-00020773-00020985 and then also they mitigated that by
nNibHjnpwGo-00090-00020986-00021159 putting a float switch to help prevent
nNibHjnpwGo-00091-00021160-00021314 any water damage
nNibHjnpwGo-00092-00021315-00021672 another common call out is rodent damage
nNibHjnpwGo-00093-00021673-00021945 this is not related to a trek inspection
nNibHjnpwGo-00094-00021946-00022167 we do this to help let the clients know
nNibHjnpwGo-00095-00022168-00022359 that we saw rodents but for my
nNibHjnpwGo-00096-00022360-00022500 understanding they like to chew in the
nNibHjnpwGo-00097-00022501-00022686 refrigeration lines and the drain lines
nNibHjnpwGo-00098-00022687-00022869 trying to get to the moisture behind
nNibHjnpwGo-00099-00022870-00023145 there again I'm not a rodent inspector
nNibHjnpwGo-00100-00023146-00023337 it's a whole separate license a whole
nNibHjnpwGo-00101-00023338-00023493 separate field I'm just kind of going
nNibHjnpwGo-00102-00023494-00023739 off what I see on an average to day
nNibHjnpwGo-00103-00023740-00024051 basis another common call-out is broken
nNibHjnpwGo-00104-00024052-00024153 outlets
nNibHjnpwGo-00105-00024154-00024465 we also have water penetration around
nNibHjnpwGo-00106-00024466-00024753 some of the windows water underneath
nNibHjnpwGo-00107-00024754-00024948 sinks where the plumbing is leaking
nNibHjnpwGo-00108-00024949-00025374 loose toilets another find always are
nNibHjnpwGo-00109-00025375-00025775 the loose fans always find those fans I
nNibHjnpwGo-00110-00025776-00025968 know that video is a little bit
nNibHjnpwGo-00111-00025969-00026144 different because there's a lot of
nNibHjnpwGo-00112-00026145-00026289 people inside I didn't really want to
nNibHjnpwGo-00113-00026289-00026502 bother them while shooting the video so
nNibHjnpwGo-00114-00026502-00026805 I just did some voiceovers but that
nNibHjnpwGo-00115-00026806-00026994 pretty much concludes property I'd
nNibHjnpwGo-00116-00026995-00027225 actually say that's actually close the
nNibHjnpwGo-00117-00027226-00027539 average maybe I don't know every
nNibHjnpwGo-00118-00027541-00027762 property is different but that's Chris
nNibHjnpwGo-00119-00027763-00027879 that they action if you have any home
nNibHjnpwGo-00120-00027880-00028026 inspection questions please give us a
nNibHjnpwGo-00121-00028027-00028206 call and always please like and share
nNibHjnpwGo-00122-00028207-00028474 the videos thanks guys bye
nNibHjnpwGo-00123-00028475-00029757 [Music]
nNViahxIGIA-00000-00000072-00002975 [Music]
nNViahxIGIA-00001-00002976-00003121 foreign
nNViahxIGIA-00002-00003122-00004775 [Music]
nNViahxIGIA-00003-00004776-00005064 do
nNViahxIGIA-00005-00008392-00008600 you
nOj4JrVjsH4-00000-00000187-00000424 in Europe shortly after the war the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00001-00000425-00000709 Roses on 23rd June 1491 of the palace of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00002-00000710-00000997 Placentia in Greenwich Henry the seventh
nOj4JrVjsH4-00003-00000998-00001210 and Elizabeth of York had a son they
nOj4JrVjsH4-00004-00001211-00001531 named him Henry Tudor on 15th of April
nOj4JrVjsH4-00005-00001532-00001852 1509 at just 17 Henry Tudor became King
nOj4JrVjsH4-00006-00001853-00002122 Henry the eighth an intellectual he was
nOj4JrVjsH4-00007-00002123-00002263 the first English King with the modern
nOj4JrVjsH4-00008-00002264-00002536 humanist education later in June Henry
nOj4JrVjsH4-00009-00002537-00002800 married Catherine of Aragon England is
nOj4JrVjsH4-00010-00002801-00002959 very much part of Europe and pays its
nOj4JrVjsH4-00011-00002960-00003148 church taxes to Rome where Rome decides
nOj4JrVjsH4-00012-00003149-00003472 doctrine so who are the heads of Rome
nOj4JrVjsH4-00013-00003472-00003733 before Henry became King Pope Innocent
nOj4JrVjsH4-00014-00003734-00003889 the eighth signed a paper ball to
nOj4JrVjsH4-00015-00003890-00004027 prosecute witchcraft in Germany
nOj4JrVjsH4-00016-00004028-00004263 confirmed tomás de Torquemada as Grand
nOj4JrVjsH4-00017-00004264-00004585 Inquisitor of Spain thanks to Alexander
nOj4JrVjsH4-00018-00004586-00004762 the sixth one of the most controversial
nOj4JrVjsH4-00019-00004763-00004993 of the Renaissance popes his italianized
nOj4JrVjsH4-00020-00004994-00005304 Valencian surname Borja became if I work
nOj4JrVjsH4-00021-00005305-00005536 for libertinism and nepotism and this
nOj4JrVjsH4-00022-00005537-00005694 characterized his burnt if occur
nOj4JrVjsH4-00023-00005695-00005917 Lucretia Borgia was just one of his many
nOj4JrVjsH4-00024-00005918-00006352 children two mistresses papaiah third
nOj4JrVjsH4-00025-00006353-00006510 had one of the shortest print if occurs
nOj4JrVjsH4-00026-00006511-00006753 from 22nd of September to 18th of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00027-00006754-00007119 October 1503 nicknamed the fearsome Pope
nOj4JrVjsH4-00028-00007120-00007419 Pope Julius a second who was a patron of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00029-00007420-00007596 the arts commissioning the rebuilding of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00030-00007597-00007821 San Peter's Basilica and Michelangelo's
nOj4JrVjsH4-00031-00007822-00007953 painting of the ceiling of the Sistine
nOj4JrVjsH4-00032-00007954-00008326 Chapel over 15 years later catherine
nOj4JrVjsH4-00033-00008327-00008623 still hadn't delivered a son wanting a
nOj4JrVjsH4-00034-00008624-00008853 male heir and Berlin was his new project
nOj4JrVjsH4-00035-00008854-00009095 he called this his great matter and
nOj4JrVjsH4-00036-00009096-00009319 refused to become his mistress so in
nOj4JrVjsH4-00037-00009320-00009541 1527 he applied to pope clement the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00038-00009542-00009958 seventh who said no not-not-not this
nOj4JrVjsH4-00039-00009959-00010162 refusal triggered his rejection of papal
nOj4JrVjsH4-00040-00010163-00010366 supremacy and through various acts of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00041-00010367-00010476 parliament created the English
nOj4JrVjsH4-00042-00010477-00010677 Reformation the Church of England and
nOj4JrVjsH4-00043-00010678-00010953 defender of the faith the dissolution of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00044-00010954-00011109 the monasteries an efficient process
nOj4JrVjsH4-00045-00011110-00011355 with minimal resistance brought crowns
nOj4JrVjsH4-00046-00011356-00011634 some 90,000 a year the nation Church of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00047-00011635-00011856 England decides doctrine and practice in
nOj4JrVjsH4-00048-00011857-00012183 the winter of 1530 - Henry married Anne
nOj4JrVjsH4-00049-00012184-00012462 and 9 months later on 7th of September
nOj4JrVjsH4-00050-00012463-00012681 1533 she gave birth to a daughter
nOj4JrVjsH4-00051-00012682-00012897 Elizabeth in honor of Henry's mother
nOj4JrVjsH4-00052-00012898-00013101 Elizabeth of York
nOj4JrVjsH4-00053-00013102-00013365 meanwhile in Rome Pope Leo the 10th
nOj4JrVjsH4-00054-00013366-00013538 Bertrand spent heavily and is remembered
nOj4JrVjsH4-00055-00013540-00013683 for granting indulgences is for those
nOj4JrVjsH4-00056-00013684-00013863 who donated to reconstruction peter's
nOj4JrVjsH4-00057-00013863-00014211 basillica many Dutchman Pope Adrian vi
nOj4JrVjsH4-00058-00014212-00014516 was only Pope from 9th of January 15 22
nOj4JrVjsH4-00059-00014518-00014751 until his death on 14th of September 15
nOj4JrVjsH4-00060-00014752-00014976 23 and so unable to carry out any
nOj4JrVjsH4-00061-00014977-00015282 reforms Pope Clement the 7th in addition
nOj4JrVjsH4-00062-00015283-00015447 to excessive nepotism to his Medici
nOj4JrVjsH4-00063-00015447-00015660 relatives in the sack of Rome it was
nOj4JrVjsH4-00064-00015661-00015846 under his papacy that Henry led the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00065-00015847-00015990 English Parliament to pass the ACTA
nOj4JrVjsH4-00066-00015991-00016233 supremacy in 1534 that established the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00067-00016234-00016368 independent Church of England and the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00068-00016369-00016695 break from the Catholic Church there
nOj4JrVjsH4-00069-00016696-00016866 Paul the 3rd had three sons and two
nOj4JrVjsH4-00070-00016867-00017070 daughters by his mistress Silvio Ruffini
nOj4JrVjsH4-00071-00017071-00017283 he also created the Duke of Parma
nOj4JrVjsH4-00072-00017284-00017595 in 1545 for the Sun called Pierluigi von
nOj4JrVjsH4-00073-00017596-00017897 AZ he decreed the second and final
nOj4JrVjsH4-00074-00017898-00018084 excommunication of king henry the eighth
nOj4JrVjsH4-00075-00018085-00018540 in december 1538 certainly on 23rd
nOj4JrVjsH4-00076-00018541-00018849 January 1547 hastened by obesity Henry
nOj4JrVjsH4-00077-00018850-00019065 gave 8 just 55 died in the palace of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00078-00019066-00019347 Whitehall his parents in George's Chapel
nOj4JrVjsH4-00079-00019348-00019646 Windsor Castle next to Jane Seymour an
nOj4JrVjsH4-00080-00019647-00019842 intellectual with the modern humanist
nOj4JrVjsH4-00081-00019843-00019911 education
nOj4JrVjsH4-00082-00019912-00020130 Henry's images the first Renaissance man
nOj4JrVjsH4-00083-00020131-00020304 his court at the center of scholarly
nOj4JrVjsH4-00084-00020305-00020553 artistic innovation and sheer scale of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00085-00020554-00020784 his initiatives mean his legacy lives on
nOj4JrVjsH4-00086-00020785-00021036 today unless the future is always
nOj4JrVjsH4-00087-00021037-00021366 uncertain subsequent rulers were Edward
nOj4JrVjsH4-00088-00021367-00021816 the 6th 1547 15:53 anxious 9 the realm
nOj4JrVjsH4-00089-00021817-00022116 was governed by Regency Council Lady
nOj4JrVjsH4-00090-00022117-00022388 Jane Grey in 1553 was the 9-day Queen
nOj4JrVjsH4-00091-00022389-00022737 Mary the first from 15:53 to 1558
nOj4JrVjsH4-00092-00022738-00022932 nicknamed the Bloody Mary for her
nOj4JrVjsH4-00093-00022933-00023139 execution of Protestants she walked back
nOj4JrVjsH4-00094-00023140-00023376 Roman Catholicism and had over 280
nOj4JrVjsH4-00095-00023377-00023541 religious dissenters burned at the stake
nOj4JrVjsH4-00096-00023542-00024000 and then Elizabeth the first Elizabeth
nOj4JrVjsH4-00097-00024001-00024057 the first
nOj4JrVjsH4-00098-00024058-00024351 1558 to 1603 she was one of the best
nOj4JrVjsH4-00099-00024352-00024598 educated women of her generation
nOj4JrVjsH4-00100-00024599-00024820 an accomplished linguist able to speak
nOj4JrVjsH4-00101-00024821-00025027 Welsh Cornish lowland Scots and Irish
nOj4JrVjsH4-00102-00025028-00025249 Gaelic in in addition to her native
nOj4JrVjsH4-00103-00025250-00025594 English her considerable writings have
nOj4JrVjsH4-00104-00025595-00025756 been published by Chicago Press non
nOj4JrVjsH4-00105-00025757-00026083 liner at LibriVox her personal motto was
nOj4JrVjsH4-00106-00026083-00026356 semper eadem or always the same and
nOj4JrVjsH4-00107-00026357-00026677 another was video at SEL I see and I say
nOj4JrVjsH4-00108-00026677-00026995 nothing in her accession speech she said
nOj4JrVjsH4-00109-00026995-00027280 I mean to direct all my actions by good
nOj4JrVjsH4-00110-00027281-00027614 advice and counsel and so she did
nOj4JrVjsH4-00111-00027616-00027838 pragmatic she was relatively tolerant
nOj4JrVjsH4-00112-00027839-00028138 and avoided systematic persecution after
nOj4JrVjsH4-00113-00028139-00028318 the Pope declared her illegitimate in
nOj4JrVjsH4-00114-00028319-00028594 1570 several conspiracies threatened her
nOj4JrVjsH4-00115-00028595-00028798 life all of which were defeated with the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00116-00028799-00029086 help of amidst a secret service in
nOj4JrVjsH4-00117-00029087-00029236 addition to Europe she maintained
nOj4JrVjsH4-00118-00029237-00029413 commercial relationships with Russia the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00119-00029414-00029587 Barbary States Ottoman Empire and the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00120-00029588-00029980 rest she knighted Sir Francis Drake who
nOj4JrVjsH4-00121-00029981-00030195 circumnavigated the world and who went
nOj4JrVjsH4-00122-00030197-00030391 on to successfully defend against the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00123-00030392-00030664 Spanish Armada she gave her name to be
nOj4JrVjsH4-00124-00030664-00031245 Elizabethan era the Elizabethan era
nOj4JrVjsH4-00125-00031247-00031612 Queen at 25 and really for 44 years she
nOj4JrVjsH4-00126-00031613-00031758 gave her name to the Elizabethan era
nOj4JrVjsH4-00127-00031760-00032029 known as the Golden Age the act of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00128-00032030-00032293 Supremacy became law on 8th of May 1559
nOj4JrVjsH4-00129-00032294-00032482 she was pragmatic and more moderate than
nOj4JrVjsH4-00130-00032483-00032806 her predecessors Elizabeth established
nOj4JrVjsH4-00131-00032807-00032947 an English church that helped shape the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00132-00032948-00033112 national identity and remains in place
nOj4JrVjsH4-00133-00033113-00033472 today Britannia came to be viewed as a
nOj4JrVjsH4-00134-00033473-00033676 personification of Britain it was good
nOj4JrVjsH4-00135-00033677-00033973 to be British part of her accession
nOj4JrVjsH4-00136-00033974-00034183 speech said army to direct all my
nOj4JrVjsH4-00137-00034184-00034474 actions by good advice and counsel her
nOj4JrVjsH4-00138-00034475-00034657 spy master Francis Walsingham staff
nOj4JrVjsH4-00139-00034658-00034912 included the cryptographer Thomas
nOj4JrVjsH4-00140-00034913-00035074 Philippe's who was an expert in
nOj4JrVjsH4-00141-00035075-00035248 deciphering letters and forgery and
nOj4JrVjsH4-00142-00035249-00035467 Arthur Gregory who were skilled at
nOj4JrVjsH4-00143-00035468-00035638 breaking and repairing seals without
nOj4JrVjsH4-00144-00035639-00035893 detection already trading in Europe
nOj4JrVjsH4-00145-00035894-00036079 Russia Barbary Coast Ottoman Empire the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00146-00036080-00036232 Age of Discovery brought new
nOj4JrVjsH4-00147-00036233-00036402 opportunities across the world
nOj4JrVjsH4-00148-00036403-00036646 ELISA the first opened the first Royal
nOj4JrVjsH4-00149-00036647-00036943 Exchange in 1571 it was founded by
nOj4JrVjsH4-00150-00036944-00037183 English financier Thomas Gresham hear
nOj4JrVjsH4-00151-00037184-00037414 questions law a model for on the Antwerp
nOj4JrVjsH4-00152-00037415-00037537 boss
nOj4JrVjsH4-00153-00037538-00037760 the discovery of America exerted a
nOj4JrVjsH4-00154-00037761-00037945 profound influence on England by
nOj4JrVjsH4-00155-00037946-00038207 extending the range of a marcus the new
nOj4JrVjsH4-00156-00038208-00038333 world promoted the growth of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00157-00038334-00038645 entrepreneurs Elizabeth knighted Sir
nOj4JrVjsH4-00158-00038646-00038839 Francis Drake after circumnavigating the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00159-00038840-00039086 world and the English fleet defeated the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00160-00039087-00039364 Spanish Armada English theatres reached
nOj4JrVjsH4-00161-00039365-00039533 its highest peaks with a likes of
nOj4JrVjsH4-00162-00039534-00039661 William Shakespeare and Christopher
nOj4JrVjsH4-00163-00039662-00039946 Marlowe the Elizabethan era is regarded
nOj4JrVjsH4-00164-00039947-00040227 as the height of the English Renaissance
nOj4JrVjsH4-00165-00040228-00040505 her foreign policy was largely defensive
nOj4JrVjsH4-00166-00040506-00040792 her interests were commerce Elizabeth
nOj4JrVjsH4-00167-00040793-00041005 rain became idealized as a time when
nOj4JrVjsH4-00168-00041006-00041293 crown church and Parliament had worked
nOj4JrVjsH4-00169-00041294-00041479 in constitutional balance
nOj4JrVjsH4-00170-00041480-00041764 sadly Elizabeth the first died on 24th
nOj4JrVjsH4-00171-00041765-00042020 of March 1603 at Richmond Palace the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00172-00042021-00042187 crown lives on and so few hours later
nOj4JrVjsH4-00173-00042188-00042392 Robert Cecil and the Privy Council set
nOj4JrVjsH4-00174-00042393-00042574 their plans in motion and proclaimed
nOj4JrVjsH4-00175-00042575-00042782 James the sixth of Scotland as James the
nOj4JrVjsH4-00176-00042783-00042974 first of England she's buried with a
nOj4JrVjsH4-00177-00042975-00043342 half-sister Mary in Westminster Abbey
nOj4JrVjsH4-00178-00043343-00043849 once again the future is uncertain
nOj4JrVjsH4-00179-00043850-00044107 thanks for watching sovereignty my
nOj4JrVjsH4-00180-00044108-00045029 personal view from history
nOj4JrVjsH4-00181-00045030-00045236 you
nRAJ5V2vkO0-00000-00000000-00000484 Wiki
nRAJ5V2vkO0-00001-00000486-00000724 Chico Ricky is level-headed and cautious
nRAJ5V2vkO0-00002-00000725-00000911 preferring to think things through a
nRAJ5V2vkO0-00003-00000911-00001115 sharp contrast to his best friend Pogo
nRAJ5V2vkO0-00004-00001116-00001307 he is an Arden collector especially
nRAJ5V2vkO0-00005-00001308-00001523 proud of his cacti Chico believes there
nRAJ5V2vkO0-00006-00001524-00001673 could be life on other planets and
nRAJ5V2vkO0-00007-00001673-00001871 spends much of his time preparing for a
nRAJ5V2vkO0-00008-00001872-00002150 close encounter
nShaeOIVz34-00000-00000008-00000262 hi everyone the first gamer and today
nShaeOIVz34-00001-00000263-00000438 i'm back
nShaeOIVz34-00002-00000440-00000615 i'll be back guys
nShaeOIVz34-00003-00000616-00001343 i don't want to get copyrighted
nShaeOIVz34-00004-00001344-00001679 guys make sure to drop a like subscribe
nShaeOIVz34-00005-00001680-00002079 some back on youtube
nShaeOIVz34-00006-00002080-00002487 and also show us how to um
nShaeOIVz34-00007-00002488-00002663 show you guys
nShaeOIVz34-00008-00002664-00002871 how to um
nShaeOIVz34-00009-00002872-00003047 change here how to change these with
nShaeOIVz34-00010-00003048-00003263 detected battery
nShaeOIVz34-00011-00003264-00003679 simple i'll show you guys how
nShaeOIVz34-00012-00003679-00004206 i might go
nShaeOIVz34-00013-00004207-00004502 as always sometimes smoke detectors have
nShaeOIVz34-00014-00004503-00004743 wires at the back when smoke detector
nShaeOIVz34-00015-00004744-00005095 has a battery operated
nShaeOIVz34-00016-00005096-00005270 things like that beeps
nShaeOIVz34-00017-00005271-00005640 you detest weekly
nShaeOIVz34-00018-00005641-00007142 [Music]
nShaeOIVz34-00019-00007143-00007278 it's simple
nShaeOIVz34-00020-00007279-00007406 let's take a look
nShaeOIVz34-00021-00007408-00007519 this
nShaeOIVz34-00022-00007520-00007870 but the smooth stage is broken so
nShaeOIVz34-00023-00007872-00008599 i picked up the battery
nShaeOIVz34-00024-00008600-00008783 but i don't have i don't know where's
nShaeOIVz34-00025-00008784-00008974 the other battery is so just pretend
nShaeOIVz34-00026-00008975-00009167 this is the new battery
nShaeOIVz34-00027-00009168-00009367 right
nShaeOIVz34-00028-00009368-00009678 let me put in the battery so if i added
nShaeOIVz34-00029-00009679-00010255 this in one hand
nShaeOIVz34-00030-00010256-00011087 to take that
nShaeOIVz34-00031-00011088-00011455 here we go
nShaeOIVz34-00032-00011456-00012095 this is right here focus camera
nShaeOIVz34-00033-00012096-00012270 let's sorry about that guys so something
nShaeOIVz34-00034-00012271-00012751 about the camera
nShaeOIVz34-00035-00012752-00013503 focus camera
nShaeOIVz34-00036-00013504-00013583 oh
nShaeOIVz34-00037-00013584-00013783 sorry about like i'm so
nShaeOIVz34-00038-00013784-00013999 very sorry guys this the camera's just
nShaeOIVz34-00039-00014000-00014335 just crap sis
nShaeOIVz34-00040-00014336-00015711 that's a kind of camera
nShaeOIVz34-00041-00015712-00016967 i using some wipes
nShaeOIVz34-00042-00016968-00017327 let's just say here i go tell you guys
nShaeOIVz34-00043-00017328-00017422 this is
nShaeOIVz34-00044-00017423-00017863 weakly tested it's required so
nShaeOIVz34-00045-00017864-00018055 after your i'm gonna place the battery
nShaeOIVz34-00046-00018056-00018327 it's to test it see
nShaeOIVz34-00047-00018328-00018455 warning
nShaeOIVz34-00048-00018456-00019430 headphone users turn on the buttons
nShaeOIVz34-00049-00019431-00019671 you should guess how to mount
nShaeOIVz34-00050-00019672-00019758 your
nShaeOIVz34-00051-00019759-00020383 smoke detector
nShaeOIVz34-00052-00020384-00021111 so you see the mounting mask
nShaeOIVz34-00053-00021112-00021375 and just like that
nShaeOIVz34-00054-00021376-00021583 i hope you enjoy smash the like button
nShaeOIVz34-00055-00021584-00021727 subscribe
nShaeOIVz34-00056-00021728-00021935 and make sure you smash the like button
nShaeOIVz34-00057-00021936-00022247 subscribe comment below
nShaeOIVz34-00058-00022248-00022483 see
nShaeOIVz34-00059-00022484-00022830 ya and tomorrow at school so i won't be
nShaeOIVz34-00060-00022831-00023399 published for for a while
nShaeOIVz34-00061-00023400-00023614 i'm at home right now so
nShaeOIVz34-00062-00023615-00023871 do the cover 19 oh do the summer
nShaeOIVz34-00063-00023872-00024214 holidays
nShaeOIVz34-00064-00024215-00024391 i don't want to show you guys my
nShaeOIVz34-00065-00024392-00024686 information so
nShaeOIVz34-00066-00024687-00024935 there's my squad calendar but it's
nShaeOIVz34-00067-00024936-00025283 useless now so
nShaeOIVz34-00068-00025284-00025542 yeah oh
nShaeOIVz34-00069-00025543-00025758 this is disconnecting white
nShaeOIVz34-00070-00025760-00026055 no name way this video is not sponsored
nShaeOIVz34-00071-00026056-00026311 by no name brand
nShaeOIVz34-00072-00026312-00026695 but i wish but this video was sponsored
nShaeOIVz34-00073-00026695-00026951 so yeah this video is probably sponsored
nShaeOIVz34-00074-00026952-00027231 by no name
nShaeOIVz34-00075-00027232-00027599 so yeah
nShaeOIVz34-00076-00027600-00028083 look at that no
nShaeOIVz34-00077-00028083-00028831 name he says kills 99.99 of viruses
nShaeOIVz34-00079-00032119-00033487 uh
nShaeOIVz34-00080-00033488-00033687 so yeah i just
nShaeOIVz34-00081-00033688-00033895 put it on my shorts that's all
nShaeOIVz34-00082-00033896-00034335 don't worry guys
nShaeOIVz34-00083-00034336-00034774 let's see my blue shirts
nShaeOIVz34-00084-00034775-00035535 the balcony before i end this video
nShaeOIVz34-00085-00035536-00035718 see this is my balcony sorry buddy guys
nShaeOIVz34-00086-00035719-00035911 let's take out the garbage
nShaeOIVz34-00087-00035912-00036207 focus camera
nShaeOIVz34-00088-00036208-00036679 i know it's very bright
nShaeOIVz34-00089-00036680-00037111 this camera's not actually focused
nShaeOIVz34-00090-00037112-00037262 this video
nShaeOIVz34-00091-00037263-00037599 this is very bright
nShaeOIVz34-00092-00037600-00037799 look at that guys i hope you enjoyed it
nShaeOIVz34-00093-00037800-00037974 i thought that my body was gonna get low
nShaeOIVz34-00094-00037975-00038239 now so
nShaeOIVz34-00095-00038240-00038799 and also i have to plug in these ipads
nShaeOIVz34-00096-00038800-00038918 yeah
nShaeOIVz34-00097-00038919-00039087 i have to charge my ipad it's five
nShaeOIVz34-00098-00039088-00039295 percent now so i hope you enjoy
nShaeOIVz34-00099-00039296-00039455 subscribe
nShaeOIVz34-00100-00039456-00040679 i hope you guys see yourself
nShaeOIVz34-00101-00040680-00041102 hope you enjoyed subscribe and thumbs up
nShaeOIVz34-00102-00041103-00041246 so yeah
nShaeOIVz34-00103-00041247-00041718 i'm really i promise guys i promise
nShaeOIVz34-00104-00041719-00041967 a live stream and a happy new year video
nShaeOIVz34-00105-00041968-00042239 on december 31st i don't know
nShaeOIVz34-00106-00042240-00042462 december 31st is almost here
nShaeOIVz34-00107-00042463-00042646 so you guys
nShaeOIVz34-00108-00042647-00042830 be safe
nShaeOIVz34-00109-00042831-00043087 be vaccinated sir
nShaeOIVz34-00110-00043088-00043223 once again
nShaeOIVz34-00111-00043224-00043358 make sure you
nShaeOIVz34-00112-00043359-00043487 be safe
nShaeOIVz34-00113-00043488-00043695 be vaccinated
nShaeOIVz34-00114-00043696-00043815 sir
nShaeOIVz34-00115-00043816-00043990 so amazing once again this is the last
nShaeOIVz34-00116-00043991-00044087 time
nShaeOIVz34-00117-00044088-00044207 make sure
nShaeOIVz34-00118-00044208-00044327 to
nShaeOIVz34-00119-00044328-00044551 keep so be safe
nShaeOIVz34-00120-00044552-00044895 be kind be respectful and be vaccinated
nShaeOIVz34-00121-00044896-00045079 and social distancing
nShaeOIVz34-00122-00045080-00045302 hope you enjoy subscribe
nShaeOIVz34-00123-00045303-00045479 and turn on the occasions on and comment
nShaeOIVz34-00124-00045480-00045695 below so
nShaeOIVz34-00125-00045696-00046044 i hope you enjoy
nTgIdNiq0y8-00000-00000076-00001211 [Music]
nTgIdNiq0y8-00001-00001212-00002072 [Music]
nTgIdNiq0y8-00002-00002073-00003572 [Music]
nTgIdNiq0y8-00003-00003574-00004865 [Music]
nTgIdNiq0y8-00004-00004866-00005420 [Music]
nTgIdNiq0y8-00005-00005421-00006257 [Music]
nTgIdNiq0y8-00006-00006258-00007478 [Music]
nTgIdNiq0y8-00007-00007479-00007688 you
nTmRiuGibIo-00000-00000224-00000430 welcome to katana kimi channel
nTmRiuGibIo-00001-00000431-00000630 lot of people were asking about the
nTmRiuGibIo-00002-00000631-00000751 status of
nTmRiuGibIo-00003-00000752-00000975 joe biden's immigration plan because we
nTmRiuGibIo-00004-00000976-00001183 were waiting for january 20th
nTmRiuGibIo-00005-00001184-00001423 inauguration so so many people were
nTmRiuGibIo-00006-00001424-00001487 thinking
nTmRiuGibIo-00007-00001488-00001734 i think most of the people misunderstood
nTmRiuGibIo-00008-00001735-00001791 that
nTmRiuGibIo-00009-00001792-00001967 something miracle is going to happen on
nTmRiuGibIo-00010-00001968-00002110 january 20th
nTmRiuGibIo-00011-00002111-00002287 that's not what i said in the previous
nTmRiuGibIo-00012-00002288-00002518 video when compared to the previous
nTmRiuGibIo-00013-00002519-00002734 presidents at least we saw
nTmRiuGibIo-00014-00002735-00002950 president joe biden has been in favor of
nTmRiuGibIo-00015-00002951-00003087 our immigration plan
nTmRiuGibIo-00016-00003088-00003311 and he has a very good uh it's like a
nTmRiuGibIo-00017-00003311-00003535 200 page length document
nTmRiuGibIo-00018-00003536-00003822 where he is trying to favor by reusing
nTmRiuGibIo-00019-00003823-00003895 visas
nTmRiuGibIo-00020-00003896-00004206 and improving all the improving and
nTmRiuGibIo-00021-00004207-00004375 improving the conditions and reducing
nTmRiuGibIo-00022-00004376-00004527 the processing times
nTmRiuGibIo-00023-00004528-00004727 so all the previous presidents at least
nTmRiuGibIo-00024-00004728-00004911 they did not think on the first day they
nTmRiuGibIo-00025-00004912-00005086 used to wait at least one or two years
nTmRiuGibIo-00026-00005087-00005231 and once they got a whole they should
nTmRiuGibIo-00027-00005232-00005415 think about the immigration plans
nTmRiuGibIo-00028-00005416-00005647 but the good news here is that president
nTmRiuGibIo-00029-00005648-00005895 joe biden has a path towards it so
nTmRiuGibIo-00030-00005896-00006183 he released a u.s citizenship act of
nTmRiuGibIo-00031-00006184-00006327 2021
nTmRiuGibIo-00032-00006328-00006567 uh which which has so many things in it
nTmRiuGibIo-00033-00006568-00006678 which has uh
nTmRiuGibIo-00034-00006679-00006910 a lot of things so another thing that i
nTmRiuGibIo-00035-00006911-00007070 wanted to clarify here is
nTmRiuGibIo-00036-00007072-00007295 most of the people are misunderstanding
nTmRiuGibIo-00037-00007295-00007391 that if when
nTmRiuGibIo-00038-00007392-00007559 when they whenever they say immigration
nTmRiuGibIo-00039-00007559-00007823 plan they are only concerning about h1b
nTmRiuGibIo-00040-00007823-00007951 green card h4
nTmRiuGibIo-00041-00007952-00008271 etc etc actually immigration has a lot
nTmRiuGibIo-00042-00008272-00008414 of things in the bucket
nTmRiuGibIo-00043-00008415-00008671 it's not only h4 they have so many
nTmRiuGibIo-00044-00008672-00008887 things
nTmRiuGibIo-00045-00008888-00009095 maybe it's like the mexico border wall
nTmRiuGibIo-00046-00009096-00009319 issue or improving all those conditions
nTmRiuGibIo-00047-00009320-00009671 asylum refuges uh h-1b visas green card
nTmRiuGibIo-00048-00009672-00009735 so there are
nTmRiuGibIo-00049-00009736-00009935 lot of things that come under this
nTmRiuGibIo-00050-00009936-00010046 immigration bucket
nTmRiuGibIo-00051-00010047-00010335 it's not only h-1b visa that which we
nTmRiuGibIo-00052-00010336-00010471 are working on okay
nTmRiuGibIo-00053-00010472-00010751 please be clear on that uh when whenever
nTmRiuGibIo-00054-00010752-00010959 someone says immigration it doesn't mean
nTmRiuGibIo-00055-00010960-00011159 that they are only working towards a
nTmRiuGibIo-00056-00011160-00011335 h-1b green card
nTmRiuGibIo-00057-00011336-00011670 it has a lot of things in that bucket so
nTmRiuGibIo-00058-00011671-00011951 president joe biden has a given uh like
nTmRiuGibIo-00059-00011952-00012183 a lot of instructions on what they will
nTmRiuGibIo-00060-00012184-00012391 be approaching towards so that's a good
nTmRiuGibIo-00061-00012392-00012535 sign at least because
nTmRiuGibIo-00062-00012536-00012727 he's thinking towards it like whether it
nTmRiuGibIo-00063-00012728-00012871 is recapturing
nTmRiuGibIo-00064-00012872-00013191 unused visas clearing the visa backlogs
nTmRiuGibIo-00065-00013191-00013271 or
nTmRiuGibIo-00066-00013272-00013519 removing the per country visa limits for
nTmRiuGibIo-00067-00013519-00013766 green card which was the hr 104 for
nTmRiuGibIo-00068-00013768-00014086 s386 bill which which we just got missed
nTmRiuGibIo-00069-00014087-00014207 out in the previous
nTmRiuGibIo-00070-00014208-00014455 deca in the previous year right so all
nTmRiuGibIo-00071-00014456-00014535 such things
nTmRiuGibIo-00072-00014536-00014758 that they are clearly mentioned as step
nTmRiuGibIo-00073-00014759-00014838 by step
nTmRiuGibIo-00074-00014840-00015094 like what they will be what they will be
nTmRiuGibIo-00075-00015095-00015263 thinking towards in the future
nTmRiuGibIo-00076-00015263-00015535 but remember all these things are
nTmRiuGibIo-00077-00015536-00015791 proposals they are at proposal stage
nTmRiuGibIo-00078-00015791-00015975 you have to understand the difference
nTmRiuGibIo-00079-00015976-00016111 between becoming a law
nTmRiuGibIo-00080-00016112-00016399 and proposal so all those things are
nTmRiuGibIo-00081-00016400-00016519 proposal and
nTmRiuGibIo-00082-00016520-00016735 we don't know how many of them will be
nTmRiuGibIo-00083-00016736-00017039 in reality happening because first of
nTmRiuGibIo-00084-00017040-00017111 all
nTmRiuGibIo-00085-00017112-00017358 they will take each of this proposal and
nTmRiuGibIo-00086-00017359-00017567 there will be a committee sub committee
nTmRiuGibIo-00087-00017568-00017694 lot of people
nTmRiuGibIo-00088-00017695-00017967 will be working on this in order to
nTmRiuGibIo-00089-00017968-00018183 initiate it as a bill in order to become
nTmRiuGibIo-00090-00018184-00018335 as a bill there would be a lot of
nTmRiuGibIo-00091-00018336-00018439 process that
nTmRiuGibIo-00092-00018440-00018719 that kicks off in order to just become a
nTmRiuGibIo-00093-00018720-00018758 bill
nTmRiuGibIo-00094-00018759-00019055 so out of all these proposals and with
nTmRiuGibIo-00095-00019056-00019239 all the problems that they have on the
nTmRiuGibIo-00096-00019240-00019335 other side
nTmRiuGibIo-00097-00019336-00019479 they will categorize they will
nTmRiuGibIo-00098-00019480-00019647 prioritize and
nTmRiuGibIo-00099-00019648-00019903 they'll make they'll make if this is at
nTmRiuGibIo-00100-00019904-00020094 least eligible for bill or not
nTmRiuGibIo-00101-00020095-00020350 once it becomes eligibility for a bill
nTmRiuGibIo-00102-00020351-00020543 they will give a date and it will go
nTmRiuGibIo-00103-00020544-00020607 through
nTmRiuGibIo-00104-00020608-00020919 house senate and
nTmRiuGibIo-00105-00020920-00021150 it should get passed in house and senate
nTmRiuGibIo-00106-00021151-00021271 in the same form
nTmRiuGibIo-00107-00021272-00021486 okay not even a single version it should
nTmRiuGibIo-00108-00021487-00021655 be in the same form both in the house
nTmRiuGibIo-00109-00021656-00021743 and senate
nTmRiuGibIo-00110-00021744-00021927 it should get majority both in house and
nTmRiuGibIo-00111-00021928-00022175 senate and then it goes to the president
nTmRiuGibIo-00112-00022176-00022471 once president signs that it will become
nTmRiuGibIo-00113-00022472-00022711 a law and again it does not even become
nTmRiuGibIo-00114-00022712-00022950 effective immediately there is an again
nTmRiuGibIo-00115-00022951-00023183 set of steps that go through
nTmRiuGibIo-00116-00023184-00023439 after president signing the bill so it
nTmRiuGibIo-00117-00023440-00023630 will take a huge amount of time
nTmRiuGibIo-00118-00023631-00023855 the good part here is that at least the
nTmRiuGibIo-00119-00023856-00024071 new president is thinking towards that
nTmRiuGibIo-00120-00024072-00024271 goal okay so that that is the good thing
nTmRiuGibIo-00121-00024272-00024486 we should be happy and we should
nTmRiuGibIo-00122-00024487-00024694 expect some positive things gonna happen
nTmRiuGibIo-00123-00024695-00024807 in the future
nTmRiuGibIo-00124-00024808-00025094 so uh nothing has happened nothing has
nTmRiuGibIo-00125-00025095-00025286 changed just go let's go back to our
nTmRiuGibIo-00126-00025287-00025327 work
nTmRiuGibIo-00127-00025328-00025494 whenever there is an important thing
nTmRiuGibIo-00128-00025495-00025662 that comes up and
nTmRiuGibIo-00129-00025663-00025934 please be clear and do watch my videos
nTmRiuGibIo-00130-00025935-00026070 until the end
nTmRiuGibIo-00131-00026072-00026367 whether it is please please understand
nTmRiuGibIo-00132-00026368-00026590 if it's a proposal or if it become a law
nTmRiuGibIo-00133-00026591-00026695 or
nTmRiuGibIo-00134-00026695-00026879 if it's signed by president or if it's
nTmRiuGibIo-00135-00026880-00027102 in the house or senate pending status or
nTmRiuGibIo-00136-00027104-00027231 approved status so
nTmRiuGibIo-00137-00027232-00027502 please watch uh my all videos until the
nTmRiuGibIo-00138-00027504-00027670 end to know the appropriate
nTmRiuGibIo-00139-00027672-00027902 update on each and every bill okay i
nTmRiuGibIo-00140-00027904-00028079 hope everyone is doing good wish you
nTmRiuGibIo-00141-00028080-00028135 good luck
nTmRiuGibIo-00142-00028136-00028211 bye
nTmRiuGibIo-00143-00028212-00029170 [Music]
nTpZsYaiCYU-00000-00000006-00000176 what is good everybody welcome to an
nTpZsYaiCYU-00001-00000177-00000403 epic my name toys video today we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00002-00000404-00000749 the official MB twe action figure room
nTpZsYaiCYU-00003-00000750-00002174 tour 2020 alright guys it is officially
nTpZsYaiCYU-00004-00002175-00002507 time for the MDT room tour 2020 we got a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00005-00002508-00002690 lot of things to get through as you guys
nTpZsYaiCYU-00006-00002691-00002912 can see the room is all set up I took
nTpZsYaiCYU-00007-00002913-00003160 literally like six or seven hours
nTpZsYaiCYU-00008-00003161-00003368 yesterday to get everything up we got
nTpZsYaiCYU-00009-00003369-00003551 some new shelves hung we got some new
nTpZsYaiCYU-00010-00003552-00003728 things organized I'm very very excited
nTpZsYaiCYU-00011-00003729-00004049 to showcase this and you guys usually
nTpZsYaiCYU-00012-00004050-00004268 know we start the year 2020 should have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00013-00004269-00004358 started this should have been the first
nTpZsYaiCYU-00014-00004359-00004681 video uploaded for 2020 but I ran into
nTpZsYaiCYU-00015-00004682-00004865 some snags and everything like that so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00016-00004866-00005047 we're gonna do the room tour today most
nTpZsYaiCYU-00017-00005048-00005243 likely the battle royal tomorrow for the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00018-00005244-00005386 month of December probably gonna be
nTpZsYaiCYU-00019-00005387-00005563 pretty big because we missed last month
nTpZsYaiCYU-00020-00005564-00005747 as well and then the start of the year
nTpZsYaiCYU-00021-00005748-00005876 will probably be the full loose
nTpZsYaiCYU-00022-00005877-00006088 collection like all in the backstage
nTpZsYaiCYU-00023-00006089-00006266 area you guys know how we pile it all up
nTpZsYaiCYU-00024-00006267-00006434 it'll be like a two-hour long special
nTpZsYaiCYU-00025-00006434-00006628 video to start the year that's not how
nTpZsYaiCYU-00026-00006629-00006784 we usually do things but since I ran
nTpZsYaiCYU-00027-00006786-00006941 into some snags this is the way we're
nTpZsYaiCYU-00028-00006942-00007073 gonna do it but I'm very excited to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00029-00007073-00007259 showcase everything guys it's got a lot
nTpZsYaiCYU-00030-00007259-00007394 of stuff up on the shelf we're gonna
nTpZsYaiCYU-00031-00007395-00007564 take you guys through everything giving
nTpZsYaiCYU-00032-00007565-00007723 you guys the full room tour getting into
nTpZsYaiCYU-00033-00007725-00007873 the details of it and with that being
nTpZsYaiCYU-00034-00007875-00008014 said guys let's go ahead and shut the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00035-00008015-00008203 hell up and dive into the official room
nTpZsYaiCYU-00036-00008204-00008555 tour of NDT 2020 so I wasn't sure what
nTpZsYaiCYU-00037-00008556-00008726 would look best as far as the lighting
nTpZsYaiCYU-00038-00008727-00008878 is concerned guys so I went ahead and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00039-00008879-00009031 turn on these three lamps I also have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00040-00009032-00009230 the overhead light on but I will just
nTpZsYaiCYU-00041-00009231-00009359 have to play that by here and see how it
nTpZsYaiCYU-00042-00009360-00009481 goes it kinda looks like it's a little
nTpZsYaiCYU-00043-00009482-00009626 better but I know that the light bulbs
nTpZsYaiCYU-00044-00009627-00009824 can get a bit over the top but anyways
nTpZsYaiCYU-00045-00009825-00009949 guys let's go ahead and get into the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00046-00009950-00010280 stupid-ass room tour so when you come
nTpZsYaiCYU-00047-00010281-00010435 into the room guys you will see right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00048-00010436-00010642 here this is exactly where you come in
nTpZsYaiCYU-00049-00010643-00010802 you do have a closet right here and when
nTpZsYaiCYU-00050-00010803-00010999 you go into the closet to the left here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00051-00011000-00011177 I'm not gonna show a lot of stuff but we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00052-00011178-00011348 do have some Friday the 13th figures
nTpZsYaiCYU-00053-00011349-00011546 there we have my airplane we have all of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00054-00011547-00011678 my bins right here I'm not gonna go
nTpZsYaiCYU-00055-00011679-00011803 above the closet because we have some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00056-00011804-00011909 things I don't want to spoil it's where
nTpZsYaiCYU-00057-00011910-00012101 I had to hide some of the stuff but top
nTpZsYaiCYU-00058-00012102-00012295 drawer is weapons this is absolutely
nTpZsYaiCYU-00059-00012296-00012503 full of weapons we have my title belts
nTpZsYaiCYU-00060-00012504-00012781 and money in the banks in here we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00061-00012782-00012974 my cloth accessories and shirts and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00062-00012975-00013200 stuff that are not being used right here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00063-00013201-00013341 below that we have all my rubber
nTpZsYaiCYU-00064-00013341-00013514 accessories which is really hard to open
nTpZsYaiCYU-00065-00013515-00013655 because we have so many jump around
nTpZsYaiCYU-00066-00013656-00013833 rubber accessories and I don't use any
nTpZsYaiCYU-00067-00013834-00014039 of them just below that we do have some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00068-00014040-00014241 extra ring stuff and things you know
nTpZsYaiCYU-00069-00014241-00014397 accessories to do with the ring some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00070-00014397-00014577 figure stands and stuff like that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00071-00014578-00014750 below that we do have all of my steel
nTpZsYaiCYU-00072-00014751-00014888 chairs tons of that you got the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00073-00014890-00015191 undisputed chair right there just below
nTpZsYaiCYU-00074-00015193-00015357 that we do have my tables don't know if
nTpZsYaiCYU-00075-00015358-00015480 you guys can see down in there but that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00076-00015481-00015696 is all of my tables airplane trying to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00077-00015697-00015944 prevent us from opening that and in the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00078-00015945-00016169 bottom we have all the ladders and then
nTpZsYaiCYU-00079-00016170-00016328 over here we have some light bulbs and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00080-00016329-00016481 some other figures and stuff like that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00081-00016482-00016628 again I'll show you what's at the top of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00082-00016629-00016914 the closet but that is a surprise so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00083-00016915-00017069 once you close that closet door guys you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00084-00017070-00017303 come out and you have my 2015 NFL
nTpZsYaiCYU-00085-00017304-00017475 fantasy championship belt I'm actually
nTpZsYaiCYU-00086-00017476-00017658 two seasons behind on this I have two
nTpZsYaiCYU-00087-00017659-00017772 more of these that I'm supposed to have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00088-00017773-00017940 but I never bought them so I do need to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00089-00017941-00018147 get a twenty I think what is it dad I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00090-00018148-00018366 don't know what it is but I do need two
nTpZsYaiCYU-00091-00018367-00018486 more of those to hang up I don't even
nTpZsYaiCYU-00092-00018487-00018611 know where the hell I'd put them in here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00093-00018612-00018747 on the back of the door we do have a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00094-00018748-00018947 nice basketball goal and I do not know
nTpZsYaiCYU-00095-00018948-00019164 where the hell the basketball is Pro
nTpZsYaiCYU-00096-00019165-00019350 probably took it in his room which is
nTpZsYaiCYU-00097-00019351-00019550 unfortunate but you know why when I'm
nTpZsYaiCYU-00098-00019551-00019775 brainstorming ideas I like to shoot
nTpZsYaiCYU-00099-00019776-00019971 around get a little layup session from
nTpZsYaiCYU-00100-00019972-00020130 here guys if we turn up to the right you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00101-00020131-00020289 will see some figures on display and I'm
nTpZsYaiCYU-00102-00020290-00020436 gonna go up there so you guys can see it
nTpZsYaiCYU-00103-00020437-00020568 a little bit closer and just kind of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00104-00020569-00020744 show you guys exactly what's going on up
nTpZsYaiCYU-00105-00020745-00020933 there so on the bottom rope here guys we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00106-00020934-00021083 do have some multiples you have Luke
nTpZsYaiCYU-00107-00021084-00021344 Harper Vince McMahon Aiden English razor
nTpZsYaiCYU-00108-00021345-00021543 ramon slash Scott Hall we got Brian
nTpZsYaiCYU-00109-00021544-00021828 Pillman Booker T grim it's a leak rusev
nTpZsYaiCYU-00110-00021829-00022242 seeing almost x puck Elias Fandango and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00111-00022243-00022409 then we have our Creator wrestlers that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00112-00022410-00022602 we made on thinking outside the box at
nTpZsYaiCYU-00113-00022603-00022761 the end as well as a kidney Omega
nTpZsYaiCYU-00114-00022762-00023009 fantasy attire and then above that we do
nTpZsYaiCYU-00115-00023010-00023202 at Chrisman walk buddy Murphy a bunch of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00116-00023203-00023375 flashbacks as you guys can see I've
nTpZsYaiCYU-00117-00023376-00023565 mainly put some flashbacks up here until
nTpZsYaiCYU-00118-00023566-00023724 the end of the row but I figure why not
nTpZsYaiCYU-00119-00023725-00023909 put the flashbacks on display I am
nTpZsYaiCYU-00120-00023910-00024083 missing quite a few there but this is
nTpZsYaiCYU-00121-00024084-00024243 just a little overview so you guys can
nTpZsYaiCYU-00122-00024244-00024365 kind of check out what's going on up
nTpZsYaiCYU-00123-00024366-00024552 here and what figures are up here so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00124-00024553-00024731 that's pretty much it this is figures
nTpZsYaiCYU-00125-00024732-00024840 that I really don't know I'm probably
nTpZsYaiCYU-00126-00024841-00025077 not gonna touch oh my god I'm falling
nTpZsYaiCYU-00127-00025078-00025218 these are probably figures that I won't
nTpZsYaiCYU-00128-00025219-00025371 ever touch or anything so they just go
nTpZsYaiCYU-00129-00025372-00025539 up on display above the closet if you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00130-00025540-00025721 come down from that section and you come
nTpZsYaiCYU-00131-00025722-00025934 down here you have my little work area
nTpZsYaiCYU-00132-00025935-00026039 slash
nTpZsYaiCYU-00133-00026040-00026214 art supplies and paint supplies and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00134-00026214-00026373 stuff like that you see markers and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00135-00026374-00026558 tools and stuff for customers
nTpZsYaiCYU-00136-00026558-00026735 and all of that you got dribbles you got
nTpZsYaiCYU-00137-00026736-00026906 paint you got all kinds of stuff over
nTpZsYaiCYU-00138-00026907-00027056 here my massive paint collection a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00139-00027057-00027338 couple figures down here and yeah I mean
nTpZsYaiCYU-00140-00027339-00027506 this is just my basic where I put all my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00141-00027507-00027680 paint supplies and customization
nTpZsYaiCYU-00142-00027681-00027820 supplies I don't customize right here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00143-00027822-00028019 though I take whatever I want to do and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00144-00028020-00028301 I come over here and I customize right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00145-00028302-00028529 here while watching videos are doing
nTpZsYaiCYU-00146-00028530-00028670 whatever the hell not only is this the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00147-00028670-00028862 custom station or where I keep my custom
nTpZsYaiCYU-00148-00028863-00028991 supplies underneath the table we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00149-00028992-00029192 all my boxes that I am probably going to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00150-00029193-00029345 use for something in the future I have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00151-00029345-00029414 an idea
nTpZsYaiCYU-00152-00029414-00029636 but I have to save those up so I have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00153-00029637-00029786 all the boxes right there and then I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00154-00029787-00029912 have some more boxes right there I'm
nTpZsYaiCYU-00155-00029913-00030208 actually out of room now so ya need to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00156-00030210-00030407 do something about that also got some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00157-00030408-00030569 shoe boxes right here so we have all the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00158-00030570-00030773 customization [__] right there and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00159-00030774-00030908 then to the left you guys will see some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00160-00030908-00031079 figures on display on this bottom row I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00161-00031080-00031262 just kind of went with figures that you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00162-00031263-00031391 know like the zombies and little
nTpZsYaiCYU-00163-00031392-00031523 knick-knack figures I have we have the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00164-00031524-00031712 masses of the WWE Universe right there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00165-00031713-00031922 the finn bálor and john cena figure put
nTpZsYaiCYU-00166-00031923-00032099 up my two boys over Triple H and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00167-00032100-00032288 Ultimate Warrior even though I love
nTpZsYaiCYU-00168-00032289-00032498 Triple H as well but figured I put those
nTpZsYaiCYU-00169-00032499-00032672 two up and we step back guys you will
nTpZsYaiCYU-00170-00032673-00032894 see the massive display that we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00171-00032895-00033104 going on here like absolutely massive
nTpZsYaiCYU-00172-00033105-00033326 display I love the way this is I put
nTpZsYaiCYU-00173-00033327-00033539 custom shelves up in black and then I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00174-00033540-00033737 had to bracket them to the wall but we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00175-00033738-00033880 do have all these different superstars
nTpZsYaiCYU-00176-00033881-00034130 mainly in timeline order from you know
nTpZsYaiCYU-00177-00034131-00034283 the time of the attire from when they
nTpZsYaiCYU-00178-00034284-00034400 wore it from the beginning of their
nTpZsYaiCYU-00179-00034401-00034595 career to current day and that's just
nTpZsYaiCYU-00180-00034596-00034748 kind of how I wanted to display my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00181-00034749-00034952 collection and so I am gonna take you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00182-00034953-00035081 guys through this so if you guys want to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00183-00035082-00035249 buckle up there's tons of updates and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00184-00035250-00035447 additions and stuff like that so I hope
nTpZsYaiCYU-00185-00035448-00035561 you guys will get a kick out of this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00186-00035562-00035687 we're gonna start right here in the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00187-00035688-00035903 middle with my boyfriend Balor so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00188-00035904-00036044 starting off on bottom guys you will see
nTpZsYaiCYU-00189-00036045-00036269 we have a ton of the top talents 28 teen
nTpZsYaiCYU-00190-00036270-00036413 figure for different customs in the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00191-00036414-00036668 future a lot of these are non demon we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00192-00036669-00036863 do all the non demons first but we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00193-00036864-00037025 all the different looks of Finn Balor
nTpZsYaiCYU-00194-00037026-00037211 coming up a ton of customs right here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00195-00037212-00037457 going into the top talents 2019 so we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00196-00037458-00037613 have all the different rainbow colors
nTpZsYaiCYU-00197-00037614-00037823 he's warning a white blue red green
nTpZsYaiCYU-00198-00037824-00038000 there are some missing obviously but
nTpZsYaiCYU-00199-00038001-00038153 these are the ones I've gotten so far I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00200-00038154-00038324 really want to get a bunch of enix T's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00201-00038325-00038600 I'm missing a ton of his NXT attires as
nTpZsYaiCYU-00202-00038601-00038774 far as non demons go so I do want to get
nTpZsYaiCYU-00203-00038775-00038933 some of those and I need to get some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00204-00038934-00039134 prints debits in here but moving on we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00205-00039135-00039305 do have some brand new attires in the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00206-00039306-00039506 white kick pads I need to get an updated
nTpZsYaiCYU-00207-00039507-00039758 NXT finn bálor but for right now this is
nTpZsYaiCYU-00208-00039759-00039866 what we got going on
nTpZsYaiCYU-00209-00039867-00040040 it morphs obviously into the demon
nTpZsYaiCYU-00210-00040041-00040247 selection from Mattel first so we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00211-00040248-00040463 all the Mattel demons up front in the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00212-00040464-00040667 beginning and then we shift on over and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00213-00040668-00040820 we keep going and then it gets into the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00214-00040821-00041006 custom so at the end we have the NXT
nTpZsYaiCYU-00215-00041007-00041195 takeover the infant Balor where Mike a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00216-00041196-00041435 fake Secret Santa custom from patch
nTpZsYaiCYU-00217-00041436-00041726 customs or page customs on Instagram
nTpZsYaiCYU-00218-00041727-00041837 right there and then we have my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00219-00041838-00042068 custom-made at WrestleMania 35 Finn
nTpZsYaiCYU-00220-00042069-00042266 Balor made by myself moving on over we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00221-00042267-00042431 do have some prints debits we have venom
nTpZsYaiCYU-00222-00042432-00042662 debit Joker debit Punisher wrestle
nTpZsYaiCYU-00223-00042663-00042884 Kingdom we got spawn anti-venom Freddy
nTpZsYaiCYU-00224-00042885-00043010 Krueger and then we have some other
nTpZsYaiCYU-00225-00043011-00043187 custom finn bálor of the months that i
nTpZsYaiCYU-00226-00043188-00043400 did a long time ago that i need to bring
nTpZsYaiCYU-00227-00043401-00043613 back but I just haven't I just haven't
nTpZsYaiCYU-00228-00043614-00043748 had the time or anything like that but
nTpZsYaiCYU-00229-00043749-00043895 then we have some fantasy maid Ballard's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00230-00043896-00044096 and that is the Finn Balor collection
nTpZsYaiCYU-00231-00044097-00044261 every figure on this flavor right here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00232-00044262-00044489 is pretty much an elite like 98 99
nTpZsYaiCYU-00233-00044490-00044642 percent of them are elites all the Finn
nTpZsYaiCYU-00234-00044643-00044813 Balor's are elite so that's nice to see
nTpZsYaiCYU-00235-00044814-00044987 besides obviously the Ultimate Edition
nTpZsYaiCYU-00236-00044988-00045161 right there from Finn Balor guys it does
nTpZsYaiCYU-00237-00045162-00045353 go into Daniel Bryan and I am missing an
nTpZsYaiCYU-00238-00045354-00045557 ass-ton of Daniel Bryan's very upsetting
nTpZsYaiCYU-00239-00045558-00045698 I really want to complete the Daniel
nTpZsYaiCYU-00240-00045699-00045911 Bryan's and get them all up here but for
nTpZsYaiCYU-00241-00045912-00046061 now this is where we stand with the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00242-00046062-00046211 collection so we do have a bunch of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00243-00046212-00046400 multiples right here two of the elite 68
nTpZsYaiCYU-00244-00046401-00046628 two of the elite 73 moving on down we do
nTpZsYaiCYU-00245-00046629-00046790 have the Kane section and again missing
nTpZsYaiCYU-00246-00046791-00046979 a ton of Kane's very upsetting about
nTpZsYaiCYU-00247-00046980-00047138 that as well but this is what our
nTpZsYaiCYU-00248-00047139-00047303 collection looks like as it stands today
nTpZsYaiCYU-00249-00047304-00047489 need to get a lot more though there's a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00250-00047490-00047651 ton of Daniel Bryan and Kane figures I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00251-00047652-00047798 got to get but for now this this will
nTpZsYaiCYU-00252-00047799-00048005 work I guess we go from Kane guys we do
nTpZsYaiCYU-00253-00048006-00048146 have the edge collection we do have a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00254-00048147-00048338 basic edge from Unforgiven right here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00255-00048339-00048581 but the rest are the elites really wish
nTpZsYaiCYU-00256-00048582-00048782 they pump out more edge elites going on
nTpZsYaiCYU-00257-00048783-00048977 down we do have the Dean Ambrose / Jon
nTpZsYaiCYU-00258-00048978-00049136 Moxley collection I really do need to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00259-00049137-00049448 get a really nice like Jon Moxley custom
nTpZsYaiCYU-00260-00049449-00049589 just haven't gotten around to that just
nTpZsYaiCYU-00261-00049590-00049736 yet but I do have the Dean Ambrose
nTpZsYaiCYU-00262-00049737-00049883 collection right here a few head scopes
nTpZsYaiCYU-00263-00049884-00050054 a little Jimmy King head skull that I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00264-00050055-00050222 still have yet to make need to make that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00265-00050223-00050447 guy very soon from Dean Ambrose guys it
nTpZsYaiCYU-00266-00050448-00050669 does go into the new day or Xavier woods
nTpZsYaiCYU-00267-00050670-00050921 Big E and Kofi Kingston and I did have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00268-00050922-00051101 more Kofi's but then I ended up using
nTpZsYaiCYU-00269-00051102-00051239 their torsos for Cedric Alexander
nTpZsYaiCYU-00270-00051240-00051449 customs and stuff like that and fix-up
nTpZsYaiCYU-00271-00051450-00051632 so I did have to use some of those so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00272-00051633-00051766 that's unfortunate but I will get those
nTpZsYaiCYU-00273-00051767-00051955 copies back really like Kofi there so we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00274-00051957-00052091 got all the new day together had to put
nTpZsYaiCYU-00275-00052091-00052267 those together on display coming into
nTpZsYaiCYU-00276-00052269-00052427 the middle we have my boy Keo one of my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00277-00052428-00052625 favorite wrestlers so all my favorite
nTpZsYaiCYU-00278-00052626-00052780 guys are typically in the middle that's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00279-00052782-00052964 how I usually do it the Finn Balor's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00280-00052965-00053090 used to be right here on the shelf where
nTpZsYaiCYU-00281-00053091-00053216 you see on disputed era but then
nTpZsYaiCYU-00282-00053217-00053354 I had to move them down here because the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00283-00053355-00053496 opposite side of the room had some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00284-00053497-00053685 different things moving around so I had
nTpZsYaiCYU-00285-00053686-00053865 to rearrange a lot of it but right here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00286-00053866-00054021 we have my kevin owens collection so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00287-00054022-00054201 different attires of kevin owens we got
nTpZsYaiCYU-00288-00054202-00054465 some fantasy / customer tires we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00289-00054466-00054716 some different shirts that we we custom
nTpZsYaiCYU-00290-00054717-00054854 made we got some money in the bank in
nTpZsYaiCYU-00291-00054855-00055038 here and just different looks over the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00292-00055039-00055323 years of kevin owens very very big kevin
nTpZsYaiCYU-00293-00055324-00055469 owens fan so i wanted to complete all
nTpZsYaiCYU-00294-00055470-00055601 its different looks obviously there are
nTpZsYaiCYU-00295-00055602-00055817 some ones that are you know redone and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00296-00055819-00056025 stuff but for the most part we do have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00297-00056026-00056213 all those different custom shirts into
nTpZsYaiCYU-00298-00056214-00056382 the corner we do have sting so we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00299-00056383-00056526 Sting's over here in the corner very
nTpZsYaiCYU-00300-00056527-00056694 nice you got CRO sting and then of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00301-00056695-00056916 course the surfer sting and the bag need
nTpZsYaiCYU-00302-00056916-00057111 more of those for sure but for now this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00303-00057112-00057249 is the small collection I like crow
nTpZsYaiCYU-00304-00057250-00057411 sting better but I do need to get more
nTpZsYaiCYU-00305-00057412-00057609 surfer stings next up we do have trash
nTpZsYaiCYU-00306-00057610-00057830 Corbin trash King Corbin I should say so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00307-00057832-00057975 he does have his own section there need
nTpZsYaiCYU-00308-00057976-00058217 to get that new basic 102 to fix up that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00309-00058219-00058419 and update it then we have the Beast
nTpZsYaiCYU-00310-00058420-00058635 incarnate collection so we have all the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00311-00058636-00058769 Beast incarnate we have the Brock
nTpZsYaiCYU-00312-00058770-00058976 Lesnar's up front and they look pretty
nTpZsYaiCYU-00313-00058977-00059190 good all collectively together are also
nTpZsYaiCYU-00314-00059191-00059346 missing some of the ones in the shorts
nTpZsYaiCYU-00315-00059347-00059553 like the black and red I think a lead 19
nTpZsYaiCYU-00316-00059554-00059754 or something but nonetheless we have all
nTpZsYaiCYU-00317-00059754-00059946 the Lesnar's coming up over laser guys
nTpZsYaiCYU-00318-00059947-00060066 we do have these shouldn't skate
nTpZsYaiCYU-00319-00060066-00060210 Nakamura collection starting off with a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00320-00060211-00060354 survivor series we got the Ultimate
nTpZsYaiCYU-00321-00060354-00060605 Edition some customs the elite 57 the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00322-00060607-00060861 NXT elite going on into the Shane
nTpZsYaiCYU-00323-00060862-00061101 McMahon elites we do have a basic right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00324-00061102-00061275 here so one basic shame the rest are
nTpZsYaiCYU-00325-00061276-00061454 elites are two basic changes stupid
nTpZsYaiCYU-00326-00061455-00061676 jackass from Shane we go into the Samoa
nTpZsYaiCYU-00327-00061677-00061848 Joe collection right there so we got a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00328-00061849-00062057 bunch of Ally Samoa Joe's some of them
nTpZsYaiCYU-00329-00062058-00062301 may actually have more it's just because
nTpZsYaiCYU-00330-00062302-00062490 some of them are over there on the MDC
nTpZsYaiCYU-00331-00062491-00062666 and vindication roster shells so you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00332-00062667-00062819 guys will have to see those later on but
nTpZsYaiCYU-00333-00062820-00062988 for now these are just the ones that are
nTpZsYaiCYU-00334-00062989-00063191 extras coming into the middle which is a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00335-00063192-00063401 new section we do have the Mustafa Ali's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00336-00063402-00063592 the ricochets right there beautiful
nTpZsYaiCYU-00337-00063594-00063842 custom by mag decals right there on
nTpZsYaiCYU-00338-00063844-00063996 instagram if you guys want to get some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00339-00063997-00064254 custom work done MACD cows fantastic
nTpZsYaiCYU-00340-00064254-00064353 right there with the pink and white
nTpZsYaiCYU-00341-00064354-00064560 fantasy attire we have alistair blacks
nTpZsYaiCYU-00342-00064561-00064734 with the custom all-white we got some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00343-00064735-00064913 awesome Champa coming into the middle we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00344-00064914-00065049 do have the undisputed air I want it
nTpZsYaiCYU-00345-00065050-00065175 just like new day I kind of wanted to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00346-00065176-00065346 put all the undisputed air together so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00347-00065347-00065448 we have all the Coles and if you're
nTpZsYaiCYU-00348-00065449-00065550 wondering while the colors are different
nTpZsYaiCYU-00349-00065551-00065744 heights because some of them have the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00350-00065745-00065946 fix up legs and some of them do not so I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00351-00065947-00066066 do have to do all that but we do have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00352-00066067-00066291 Kyle O'Reilly Bobby fish Roderick Strong
nTpZsYaiCYU-00353-00066292-00066357 my boy
nTpZsYaiCYU-00354-00066358-00066534 the middle need more of him and Adam
nTpZsYaiCYU-00355-00066535-00066747 Cole and then finishing up this middle
nTpZsYaiCYU-00356-00066748-00066849 section we do have these storm
nTpZsYaiCYU-00357-00066850-00067074 collectibles poco configures which I am
nTpZsYaiCYU-00358-00067075-00067263 missing a couple which I could have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00359-00067264-00067437 sworn I had so I got to find those
nTpZsYaiCYU-00360-00067438-00067620 somewhere but there are the Hulk Hogan's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00361-00067621-00067833 just to the right we have the Chris
nTpZsYaiCYU-00362-00067834-00067986 Jericho collection one of my favorite
nTpZsYaiCYU-00363-00067987-00068127 wrestlers of all time so we do have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00364-00068128-00068277 quite a few of those from the debut
nTpZsYaiCYU-00365-00068278-00068547 through the late 90s into the early
nTpZsYaiCYU-00366-00068548-00068844 2000s coming on into the mid 2000s into
nTpZsYaiCYU-00367-00068845-00069111 the later 2000s and then into the 2010s
nTpZsYaiCYU-00368-00069112-00069249 and then we have a little custom right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00369-00069250-00069441 there with the defining moments a little
nTpZsYaiCYU-00370-00069442-00069678 fix up then we have a lot champion the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00371-00069679-00069987 aew champion a little bit in the bubbler
nTpZsYaiCYU-00372-00069988-00070182 Oh need to fix that head sculpt but
nTpZsYaiCYU-00373-00070183-00070362 there it is Chris Jericho with the aew
nTpZsYaiCYU-00374-00070363-00070509 title to the right of that we have some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00375-00070510-00070761 Oso figures the red versions the least
nTpZsYaiCYU-00376-00070762-00070965 64 over on the other shelf we have the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00377-00070966-00071139 braun strowman's section missing a few
nTpZsYaiCYU-00378-00071140-00071295 of those but nonetheless there they are
nTpZsYaiCYU-00379-00071296-00071490 and then we have my boy Cedric Alexander
nTpZsYaiCYU-00380-00071491-00071756 here at the end and I do have a couple
nTpZsYaiCYU-00381-00071757-00071985 customs of Cedric but they are not
nTpZsYaiCYU-00382-00071986-00072114 featured right here these are just my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00383-00072115-00072336 extras waiting to be customized just
nTpZsYaiCYU-00384-00072337-00072489 above Cedric guys we do have the Shawn
nTpZsYaiCYU-00385-00072490-00072636 Michaels collection starting off with
nTpZsYaiCYU-00386-00072637-00072810 the ghostbusters it actually works from
nTpZsYaiCYU-00387-00072811-00073032 this way with that retro fest all the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00388-00073033-00073278 way down just as Shawn Michaels is one
nTpZsYaiCYU-00389-00073279-00073503 of those guys that I just want more of I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00390-00073504-00073644 know that we're missing a ton from the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00391-00073645-00073809 middle 2000s we really need a lot of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00392-00073810-00074013 those attires and I am missing quite a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00393-00074014-00074199 few so I do definitely want to track
nTpZsYaiCYU-00394-00074200-00074352 those down really don't know how the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00395-00074353-00074496 hell I'm gonna put all these guys up on
nTpZsYaiCYU-00396-00074497-00074634 the shelf I'm gonna need a bigger room
nTpZsYaiCYU-00397-00074635-00074826 or something because these are not all
nTpZsYaiCYU-00398-00074827-00074958 going to fit once we get some of these
nTpZsYaiCYU-00399-00074959-00075111 figures in here but there is the Shawn
nTpZsYaiCYU-00400-00075112-00075297 Michaels to the left of him we do have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00401-00075298-00075489 all the misses missing a couple of those
nTpZsYaiCYU-00402-00075490-00075669 I am sure that I'm missing two or three
nTpZsYaiCYU-00403-00075670-00075870 of those maybe even four you don't
nTpZsYaiCYU-00404-00075871-00076032 really realize how many elite business
nTpZsYaiCYU-00405-00076033-00076164 we've gotten until you kind of look at
nTpZsYaiCYU-00406-00076165-00076320 your collection and you know kind of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00407-00076321-00076452 break down how many we've gotten from
nTpZsYaiCYU-00408-00076453-00076722 Mattel to the left of them is we do have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00409-00076723-00076908 the big show so I am missing some of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00410-00076909-00077040 those but we have about five of those
nTpZsYaiCYU-00411-00077041-00077202 right there but swing Kurt Angle and The
nTpZsYaiCYU-00412-00077203-00077433 Miz really love this fan centrally that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00413-00077434-00077646 is a really really good Ally after a big
nTpZsYaiCYU-00414-00077647-00077787 show we have one of my other favorite
nTpZsYaiCYU-00415-00077788-00077985 wrestlers we have Kurt Angle over here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00416-00077986-00078177 we have the terrible shield Kurt Angle
nTpZsYaiCYU-00417-00078178-00078300 all the way on the right but we do have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00418-00078301-00078504 his debut working all the way through in
nTpZsYaiCYU-00419-00078505-00078648 the middle section here guys we do have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00420-00078649-00078825 the game Triple H which is also one of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00421-00078826-00078972 my favorites of all time so we have like
nTpZsYaiCYU-00422-00078973-00079155 a current looking Triple H they have a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00423-00079156-00079305 fantasy attire and white and then we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00424-00079306-00079476 just kind of have a bunch of different
nTpZsYaiCYU-00425-00079477-00079626 attires and look some of these are
nTpZsYaiCYU-00426-00079627-00079693 multiples
nTpZsYaiCYU-00427-00079694-00079849 I do have to get some customization
nTpZsYaiCYU-00428-00079850-00080086 going but for the most part we you know
nTpZsYaiCYU-00429-00080087-00080260 you go down you get into some different
nTpZsYaiCYU-00430-00080261-00080509 eras of triple-h you get into the longer
nTpZsYaiCYU-00431-00080510-00080794 hair that's a little stupid DX fix up
nTpZsYaiCYU-00432-00080795-00080920 right there I just threw the green boots
nTpZsYaiCYU-00433-00080921-00081124 from the mojo rally alley just to give
nTpZsYaiCYU-00434-00081125-00081304 it a different look I do need to switch
nTpZsYaiCYU-00435-00081305-00081460 that back though as it is not accurate
nTpZsYaiCYU-00436-00081461-00081667 and that kind of upsets me but here we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00437-00081668-00081808 have all the different triple h's with a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00438-00081809-00081979 handlebar mustache you got clean shaven
nTpZsYaiCYU-00439-00081980-00082360 from WrestleMania 20 2003 2002 early
nTpZsYaiCYU-00440-00082361-00082519 2000s all the way back to hunter
nTpZsYaiCYU-00441-00082520-00082564 hearst-helmsley
nTpZsYaiCYU-00442-00082565-00082768 in the corner of Hyde River Lakes we do
nTpZsYaiCYU-00443-00082769-00083008 have the Chad Gable and Jason Jordan's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00444-00083009-00083158 or shorty G I guess I should say
nTpZsYaiCYU-00445-00083159-00083284 American Alpha section right there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00446-00083285-00083512 coming up we have a very small macho man
nTpZsYaiCYU-00447-00083513-00083692 collection but I am working on that so I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00448-00083693-00083965 am missing an ass-ton of Macho Man but
nTpZsYaiCYU-00449-00083966-00084217 you know it's on the agenda and up front
nTpZsYaiCYU-00450-00084218-00084379 we do have Bobby trashley right here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00451-00084380-00084529 still gotta get the Royal Rumble elite
nTpZsYaiCYU-00452-00084530-00084727 that is gonna release very soon we come
nTpZsYaiCYU-00453-00084728-00084916 above bravi tracks the guys we do have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00454-00084917-00085096 the club so we have Carl Anderson and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00455-00085097-00085312 Luke Gallows up front beyond that we do
nTpZsYaiCYU-00456-00085313-00085477 have some Goldberg so we have the main
nTpZsYaiCYU-00457-00085478-00085708 event Raw ring we have the elite 74 we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00458-00085709-00085885 have a custom from Beach nation and then
nTpZsYaiCYU-00459-00085886-00086095 we have the entrance greats and then at
nTpZsYaiCYU-00460-00086096-00086338 the back we have the 24/7 champion no
nTpZsYaiCYU-00461-00086339-00086521 fees 24/7 champion right now but we do
nTpZsYaiCYU-00462-00086522-00086701 have our truth and since we're right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00463-00086702-00086809 here we might as well finish off this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00464-00086810-00086968 little section right here up front we do
nTpZsYaiCYU-00465-00086969-00087163 have the Ultimate Warrior's which I am
nTpZsYaiCYU-00466-00087164-00087415 missing a ton of obviously we have the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00467-00087416-00087640 Mick Foley slash cactus Jack's left
nTpZsYaiCYU-00468-00087641-00087907 mankind's and Dude Love and then we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00469-00087908-00088198 a few of the gold dust here at the back
nTpZsYaiCYU-00470-00088199-00088396 to complete this section so that pretty
nTpZsYaiCYU-00471-00088397-00088576 much does it for this whole left side of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00472-00088577-00088903 the WWE action figure display and at the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00473-00088904-00089062 top we have my voice hit man favorite
nTpZsYaiCYU-00474-00089063-00089257 game series ever coming into the middle
nTpZsYaiCYU-00475-00089258-00089386 guys we have one of my favorites of all
nTpZsYaiCYU-00476-00089387-00089560 time we have Randy Orton so we have The
nTpZsYaiCYU-00477-00089561-00089752 Legend Killer or I should say we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00478-00089753-00089923 when he won the icy title then we go
nTpZsYaiCYU-00479-00089924-00090097 into the Legend Killer phase after he
nTpZsYaiCYU-00480-00090098-00090346 won the World title goes through and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00481-00090347-00090517 then of course he gets the full sleeves
nTpZsYaiCYU-00482-00090518-00090712 you got the shooting star RKO right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00483-00090713-00090955 there in green you have a few different
nTpZsYaiCYU-00484-00090956-00091081 defining moments I don't have their
nTpZsYaiCYU-00485-00091082-00091291 title belts on display but just a bunch
nTpZsYaiCYU-00486-00091292-00091441 of different Randy Orton's custom head
nTpZsYaiCYU-00487-00091442-00091642 sculpts and customer tires from BEW
nTpZsYaiCYU-00488-00091643-00091852 animations absolute beast customizer and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00489-00091853-00092116 then up here lately we have a bunch of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00490-00092117-00092320 elite 67's because I do want to do some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00491-00092321-00092506 customs and torso swaps and stuff with
nTpZsYaiCYU-00492-00092507-00092758 him so there are the Randy Orton's very
nTpZsYaiCYU-00493-00092759-00092911 plain but you know the different trunks
nTpZsYaiCYU-00494-00092912-00092956 and that's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00495-00092957-00093097 or what makes them and then at the end
nTpZsYaiCYU-00496-00093098-00093357 we have a custom pot made by my boy
nTpZsYaiCYU-00497-00093358-00093529 roddney and then we have the official
nTpZsYaiCYU-00498-00093530-00093661 Randy Orton pop out of the right side
nTpZsYaiCYU-00499-00093662-00093843 guys we do have Sami Zayn so we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00500-00093844-00094009 five of those I have an Hilde Generico
nTpZsYaiCYU-00501-00094010-00094131 over on the other shelf I'll show you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00502-00094132-00094336 guys later it morphs into the pit
nTpZsYaiCYU-00503-00094337-00094524 Batista section so we have the Bateses
nTpZsYaiCYU-00504-00094525-00094731 moving on so you have the early
nTpZsYaiCYU-00505-00094732-00095007 evolution days on to his singles run and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00506-00095008-00095199 then later on then you got blue teesta
nTpZsYaiCYU-00507-00095200-00095353 and then you have the most recent his
nTpZsYaiCYU-00508-00095354-00095544 retirement match WrestleMania 35 with
nTpZsYaiCYU-00509-00095545-00095779 Triple H right there the elite 72 then
nTpZsYaiCYU-00510-00095780-00095965 we move on into the Rey Mysterio section
nTpZsYaiCYU-00511-00095966-00096174 the at least 72 is on another shelf so I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00512-00096175-00096328 will show you guys that later but you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00513-00096329-00096456 have all the different red Mysterio at
nTpZsYaiCYU-00514-00096457-00096604 least I think I'm missing a couple maybe
nTpZsYaiCYU-00515-00096605-00096835 I know that Mattel has pumped out a ton
nTpZsYaiCYU-00516-00096836-00097032 of Rey Mysterio so there is the Rey
nTpZsYaiCYU-00517-00097033-00097224 Mysterio collection going above Rey
nTpZsYaiCYU-00518-00097225-00097425 Mysterio guys we do have the Roxy of the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00519-00097426-00097591 Ghostbusters Elite and then it just kind
nTpZsYaiCYU-00520-00097592-00097812 of goes through from the end of his
nTpZsYaiCYU-00521-00097813-00097993 career where we are currently all the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00522-00097994-00098244 way back to his debut of Rocky Maivia so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00523-00098245-00098422 we do have quite a bit of rock Elyse I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00524-00098423-00098605 think it's up to like 20-something and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00525-00098606-00098793 you know since we did rock we had to put
nTpZsYaiCYU-00526-00098794-00098935 Stone Cold Steve Austin right behind him
nTpZsYaiCYU-00527-00098936-00099109 two of my favorites of all time - the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00528-00099110-00099255 goats right there so we did put stone
nTpZsYaiCYU-00529-00099256-00099397 cold behind him so we have all of his
nTpZsYaiCYU-00530-00099398-00099588 trunks looks back in the back not all of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00531-00099589-00099819 them but most of them then we have his
nTpZsYaiCYU-00532-00099820-00100062 blue jean shorts into the blue jeans and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00533-00100063-00100225 it's really cool to see all those up
nTpZsYaiCYU-00534-00100226-00100366 next to each other and then you have of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00535-00100367-00100471 course the Walmart exclusive
nTpZsYaiCYU-00536-00100472-00100660 Ghostbusters Elite one more little
nTpZsYaiCYU-00537-00100661-00100818 overview of the Shelf of the Stone
nTpZsYaiCYU-00538-00100819-00101068 Cold's and the rocks and then since
nTpZsYaiCYU-00539-00101069-00101179 we're right here we might as well knock
nTpZsYaiCYU-00540-00101180-00101353 out the CM punks and Roman range so at
nTpZsYaiCYU-00541-00101354-00101532 the top we do at the CM Punk collection
nTpZsYaiCYU-00542-00101533-00101700 not a massive collection and missing
nTpZsYaiCYU-00543-00101701-00101899 quite a few but I do like those up there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00544-00101900-00102124 with Roman reigns so we have the CM
nTpZsYaiCYU-00545-00102125-00102322 punks and a lot of those are pretty rare
nTpZsYaiCYU-00546-00102323-00102489 and hard to get and you know pretty
nTpZsYaiCYU-00547-00102490-00102690 expensive so we have all the Roman
nTpZsYaiCYU-00548-00102691-00102819 reigns from different vests and things
nTpZsYaiCYU-00549-00102820-00103116 like that so you go all the way back to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00550-00103117-00103339 his Enix T days into the shield and then
nTpZsYaiCYU-00551-00103340-00103546 you have his singles run with all of his
nTpZsYaiCYU-00552-00103547-00103764 different color vests going all the way
nTpZsYaiCYU-00553-00103765-00103924 through and then at the end you get some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00554-00103925-00104064 fantasy attires and stuff like that like
nTpZsYaiCYU-00555-00104065-00104314 the u.s. vest you get the all-white
nTpZsYaiCYU-00556-00104315-00104449 attire and then you get the blood line
nTpZsYaiCYU-00557-00104450-00104647 roman and then if we come to the middle
nTpZsYaiCYU-00558-00104648-00104824 section guys we have the holy grail of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00559-00104825-00105070 my collection my John Cena the go we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00560-00105071-00105240 have my John Cena collection so we start
nTpZsYaiCYU-00561-00105241-00105463 from his debut and we go through the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00562-00105464-00105690 timeline of all his different shirts all
nTpZsYaiCYU-00563-00105691-00105828 of his different attire that he's worn
nTpZsYaiCYU-00564-00105829-00105960 over the years he's supposed to have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00565-00105961-00106185 Championships on display here but we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00566-00106186-00106264 have multiple
nTpZsYaiCYU-00567-00106265-00106432 and you know different moments and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00568-00106433-00106603 t-shirts that he's worn some of them do
nTpZsYaiCYU-00569-00106604-00106753 need to be updated and fixed up because
nTpZsYaiCYU-00570-00106754-00106966 I did it so long ago that I do need to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00571-00106967-00107113 change some of their parts and stuff but
nTpZsYaiCYU-00572-00107114-00107326 it's all I had at the time so right here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00573-00107327-00107476 you will see through the years there and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00574-00107477-00107650 then we come down through here you have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00575-00107651-00107896 breast cancer awareness into 2013 and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00576-00107897-00108058 all his different t-shirts and looks and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00577-00108058-00108196 stuff like that this is definitely my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00578-00108197-00108331 favorite part of my collection it just
nTpZsYaiCYU-00579-00108332-00108532 looks so good up on the shelf so then
nTpZsYaiCYU-00580-00108533-00108898 you have third 2014-2015 different
nTpZsYaiCYU-00581-00108899-00109059 t-shirts different t-shirts we are
nTpZsYaiCYU-00582-00109060-00109198 missing the green version of the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00583-00109199-00109315 never-give-up right there in the middle
nTpZsYaiCYU-00584-00109316-00109525 with the orange you have his Ellen Show
nTpZsYaiCYU-00585-00109526-00109774 return on the fourth of July into the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00586-00109775-00110085 blue and orange and up to current day we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00587-00110086-00110268 have the Lance catamaran we have the MDT
nTpZsYaiCYU-00588-00110269-00110452 Championship shirt right there with the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00589-00110453-00110569 fix-up and then we have the Ghostbusters
nTpZsYaiCYU-00590-00110570-00110839 Elite then we have my you can't see me
nTpZsYaiCYU-00591-00110840-00111040 armband that I caught off John Cena at a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00592-00111041-00111373 show at Smackdown and then we have my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00593-00111374-00111589 custom can from a huge fan of the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00594-00111590-00111769 channel and you can't see it right now
nTpZsYaiCYU-00595-00111770-00111940 but if you aim a flashlight up in there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00596-00111941-00112147 and I don't know it makes John Cena's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00597-00112148-00112282 face it's very cool I wanted to put that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00598-00112283-00112516 on display shout out to my boy Brad but
nTpZsYaiCYU-00599-00112517-00112696 one more little overview of the Cena's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00600-00112697-00112870 very happy with the way all of this came
nTpZsYaiCYU-00601-00112871-00113136 out again I do need to update a couple
nTpZsYaiCYU-00602-00113138-00113323 of them and put some titles on display
nTpZsYaiCYU-00603-00113324-00113545 and there are some that I could add but
nTpZsYaiCYU-00604-00113546-00113733 for now this is what we got so before we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00605-00113734-00113934 move on one more little overview shot of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00606-00113935-00114145 all of that and then coming over here we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00607-00114146-00114319 have my beautiful zebra print curtains
nTpZsYaiCYU-00608-00114320-00114571 above that we have my RKO blanket love
nTpZsYaiCYU-00609-00114572-00114739 Randy Orton so I wanted to hold that up
nTpZsYaiCYU-00610-00114740-00114907 above everything down here we do have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00611-00114908-00115069 some different weapons and stuff in that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00612-00115070-00115216 little top portion right there right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00613-00115217-00115471 here we have my custom GM's office looks
nTpZsYaiCYU-00614-00115472-00115608 like the clock off the wall right there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00615-00115609-00115809 very upsetting we have a little custom
nTpZsYaiCYU-00616-00115810-00116047 double w/e figure truck we have some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00617-00116048-00116257 encased loyal subject figures right here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00618-00116258-00116530 and then we have my huge box of loose
nTpZsYaiCYU-00619-00116531-00116728 John Cena elites so this whole box is
nTpZsYaiCYU-00620-00116729-00116968 full of loose John Cena figures and they
nTpZsYaiCYU-00621-00116969-00117130 just don't go up on display I did want
nTpZsYaiCYU-00622-00117131-00117274 to make a display for them somewhere but
nTpZsYaiCYU-00623-00117275-00117435 this will do for now I just kind of keep
nTpZsYaiCYU-00624-00117436-00117580 them in here for fix-ups and future
nTpZsYaiCYU-00625-00117581-00117754 customs and things like that below here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00626-00117755-00117928 we have my loose w/e figure collection
nTpZsYaiCYU-00627-00117929-00118090 like that wouldn't fit on the shelf like
nTpZsYaiCYU-00628-00118091-00118240 you see this Ultimate Edition triple H
nTpZsYaiCYU-00629-00118241-00118342 and then you have a bunch of different
nTpZsYaiCYU-00630-00118343-00118513 elites that are not up on the shelf so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00631-00118514-00118719 that is what we got going on in this box
nTpZsYaiCYU-00632-00118720-00118935 right here we have my loose fodder that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00633-00118936-00119104 inspired the thinking outside the box
nTpZsYaiCYU-00634-00119105-00119332 series here on our channel so these are
nTpZsYaiCYU-00635-00119333-00119470 just all my at least that have parts
nTpZsYaiCYU-00636-00119471-00119597 missing and things like that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00637-00119598-00119822 and then we have my basic figures that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00638-00119823-00119969 are in parts and shambles that will
nTpZsYaiCYU-00639-00119970-00120112 probably end up being crowd members
nTpZsYaiCYU-00640-00120113-00120248 eventually and then on the bottom we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00641-00120249-00120403 just have a bunch of stuff down there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00642-00120404-00120599 for customization and just random things
nTpZsYaiCYU-00643-00120600-00120826 that can help the channel coming over to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00644-00120827-00120991 the right guys on the wall we do have my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00645-00120992-00121208 double w/e spinner that is autographed
nTpZsYaiCYU-00646-00121208-00121400 by Jeff Hardy up at the top met him a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00647-00121401-00121568 couple years ago two and a half years
nTpZsYaiCYU-00648-00121569-00121724 ago and he signed my double w/e
nTpZsYaiCYU-00649-00121725-00121907 championship so that is one of my Holy
nTpZsYaiCYU-00650-00121908-00122128 Grails there we have my Universal
nTpZsYaiCYU-00651-00122129-00122282 championship with the finn bálor side
nTpZsYaiCYU-00652-00122283-00122498 place cuz why not so we have my all
nTpZsYaiCYU-00653-00122499-00122650 these are replicas by the way no
nTpZsYaiCYU-00654-00122651-00122827 commemorative I don't I don't like that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00655-00122828-00122962 you know there's no point in getting the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00656-00122963-00123100 commemorative just spend extra one
nTpZsYaiCYU-00657-00123101-00123245 hundred hundred fifty get the metal
nTpZsYaiCYU-00658-00123246-00123436 plates so there we go we got the spinner
nTpZsYaiCYU-00659-00123438-00123640 title there Universal championship we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00660-00123641-00123758 have my big gold World Heavyweight
nTpZsYaiCYU-00661-00123758-00123976 Championship autographed by edge down
nTpZsYaiCYU-00662-00123977-00124183 here and then we have my double W F
nTpZsYaiCYU-00663-00124184-00124408 championship right there at the end so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00664-00124409-00124564 these are for my favorite titles of all
nTpZsYaiCYU-00665-00124565-00124789 times not the not the universal not that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00666-00124790-00124879 that's garbage
nTpZsYaiCYU-00667-00124880-00125033 I had to get it with the finn bálor side
nTpZsYaiCYU-00668-00125033-00125176 place though it looks so good and so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00669-00125177-00125357 cool but the spinner the big gold and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00670-00125358-00125503 double W F title right there definitely
nTpZsYaiCYU-00671-00125504-00125672 some of my favorite titles of all time
nTpZsYaiCYU-00672-00125673-00125918 back here we have my backstage set you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00673-00125919-00126098 know we filmed back here we do videos
nTpZsYaiCYU-00674-00126099-00126253 back here we got the Christmas tree set
nTpZsYaiCYU-00675-00126254-00126449 up for Christmas obviously but this is
nTpZsYaiCYU-00676-00126450-00126640 where I filmed my videos you got my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00677-00126641-00126824 camera tri obviously I'm holding the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00678-00126825-00126983 camera but the tripod goes here the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00679-00126983-00127216 tripods here and then I hold the camera
nTpZsYaiCYU-00680-00127217-00127414 and obviously film and you know all the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00681-00127415-00127600 good jazz that you guys see coming over
nTpZsYaiCYU-00682-00127601-00127777 here we do have some accessories and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00683-00127778-00127915 things like that so we got the car we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00684-00127916-00128069 got some ladders and stuff just a bunch
nTpZsYaiCYU-00685-00128070-00128287 of bull crap going on right here some
nTpZsYaiCYU-00686-00128288-00128543 future Finn customs just a bunch of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00687-00128544-00128764 stuff in the works this is the official
nTpZsYaiCYU-00688-00128765-00129079 MDT creative writing pad so in here all
nTpZsYaiCYU-00689-00129080-00129262 of the ideas for the pic fat anything I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00690-00129263-00129475 have an idea for videos something jot it
nTpZsYaiCYU-00691-00129476-00129707 down here so I have all my ideas this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00692-00129708-00129904 book is literally full of all kinds of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00693-00129905-00130036 stuff you can see the pages all tattered
nTpZsYaiCYU-00694-00130038-00130199 out and ripped out right here we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00695-00130200-00130370 all of my junk seen a fodder in this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00696-00130371-00130615 baggie so any junk seen of cats fodder
nTpZsYaiCYU-00697-00130616-00130866 chains anything goes in this bag right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00698-00130867-00131159 here we have all of my finn bálor fodder
nTpZsYaiCYU-00699-00131160-00131365 so we have anything Ballard Potter guy
nTpZsYaiCYU-00700-00131366-00131581 God in heaven so any finn bálor father
nTpZsYaiCYU-00701-00131582-00131827 goes inside this bag moving on we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00702-00131828-00132055 the baggie full of Jeff Hardy fodder so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00703-00132056-00132214 there's a ton of Jeff Hardy fodder in
nTpZsYaiCYU-00704-00132215-00132475 this bag head sculpts arms even a broken
nTpZsYaiCYU-00705-00132476-00132640 down alley right there so that's gonna
nTpZsYaiCYU-00706-00132641-00132850 be in handy in the future any
nTpZsYaiCYU-00707-00132851-00133015 interchangeable hands that I have will
nTpZsYaiCYU-00708-00133016-00133228 go into this bag so any interchangeable
nTpZsYaiCYU-00709-00133229-00133372 hands we get from elites and stuff I'd
nTpZsYaiCYU-00710-00133373-00133558 go ahead and put them in there we got
nTpZsYaiCYU-00711-00133559-00133828 hats in this bag headphones and mics and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00712-00133829-00133978 that one and then a bunch of random
nTpZsYaiCYU-00713-00133979-00134164 little accessories in that bag and then
nTpZsYaiCYU-00714-00134165-00134377 all this is just a bunch of garbage you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00715-00134378-00134572 got the Royal Rumble MBT Royal Rumble
nTpZsYaiCYU-00716-00134573-00134752 stage right there and just a bunch of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00717-00134753-00134917 random crap right here then of course
nTpZsYaiCYU-00718-00134918-00135055 you have my computer and stuff right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00719-00135056-00135277 here so you have my computer you have my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00720-00135278-00135469 camera that I record the pic fed with
nTpZsYaiCYU-00721-00135470-00135688 you have my desktop here you have my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00722-00135689-00135949 monitor here this is my brainstorming
nTpZsYaiCYU-00723-00135950-00136096 football go ahead and just throw this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00724-00136097-00136240 around when I'm trying to brainstorm
nTpZsYaiCYU-00725-00136241-00136546 ideas diet doozy because why not
nTpZsYaiCYU-00726-00136547-00136693 don't waste calories right you want to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00727-00136694-00136846 eat your calories don't drink them and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00728-00136847-00137014 then we have my cell phone that I forgot
nTpZsYaiCYU-00729-00137015-00137152 to show you guys on Christmas but I got
nTpZsYaiCYU-00730-00137153-00137347 this new case and I got a brand new
nTpZsYaiCYU-00731-00137348-00137641 custom MDT pop socket that my wife got
nTpZsYaiCYU-00732-00137642-00137803 me and then I have ink all over my hands
nTpZsYaiCYU-00733-00137804-00137980 cuz for some stupid reason but there's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00734-00137981-00138169 my MDT pop socket and then if you look
nTpZsYaiCYU-00735-00138170-00138378 under the table you'll see a leak at
nTpZsYaiCYU-00736-00138379-00138669 okay
nTpZsYaiCYU-00737-00138670-00138937 so there's a leak at and then we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00738-00138938-00139090 some snacks under there because you know
nTpZsYaiCYU-00739-00139091-00139327 I be snacking obviously ps4 and stuff
nTpZsYaiCYU-00740-00139328-00139480 right there but now that we have covered
nTpZsYaiCYU-00741-00139481-00139696 the gaming station if you slide over
nTpZsYaiCYU-00742-00139697-00139885 here you will see all my father boxes so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00743-00139886-00140050 this top fighter box is just full of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00744-00140051-00140260 Seth Rollins stuff this is literally
nTpZsYaiCYU-00745-00140261-00140479 just Seth Rollins spotter so any supper
nTpZsYaiCYU-00746-00140480-00140626 Ellen's head scopes and stuff goes in
nTpZsYaiCYU-00747-00140627-00140767 here so this is all except Rollins
nTpZsYaiCYU-00748-00140768-00141058 fodder all of these are just arms and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00749-00141059-00141235 legs and head scopes and torsos and all
nTpZsYaiCYU-00750-00141236-00141418 kinds of [__] so there's all the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00751-00141419-00141634 fodder boxes under here we have just we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00752-00141635-00141802 have some ringside collectibles cases
nTpZsYaiCYU-00753-00141803-00141994 another tripod just some random stuff
nTpZsYaiCYU-00754-00141995-00142279 and here accessories all kinds of like
nTpZsYaiCYU-00755-00142280-00142417 different stuff for the pig head goes
nTpZsYaiCYU-00756-00142418-00142585 under here need to organize it a little
nTpZsYaiCYU-00757-00142586-00142768 bit more but there's that and then now
nTpZsYaiCYU-00758-00142769-00142945 we have to move on to this wall of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00759-00142946-00143170 display so I guess we could start down
nTpZsYaiCYU-00760-00143171-00143404 here and just work our way across and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00761-00143405-00143695 we'll finish this figure display and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00762-00143696-00143842 then we'll go into the fan mail and then
nTpZsYaiCYU-00763-00143843-00144031 we have these figures in this wall and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00764-00144032-00144193 then we'll be out of here so on this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00765-00144194-00144379 bottom shelf we do have the Seth Rollins
nTpZsYaiCYU-00766-00144380-00144559 collection started from the NXT and then
nTpZsYaiCYU-00767-00144560-00144745 it moves through the shield gears into
nTpZsYaiCYU-00768-00144746-00145042 obviously he has he'll turn and then his
nTpZsYaiCYU-00769-00145043-00145222 own dough w/e championship run right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00770-00145223-00145324 there got some money in the bank
nTpZsYaiCYU-00771-00145325-00145507 briefcases and defining moments on
nTpZsYaiCYU-00772-00145508-00145747 display got the Elite 45 Rollins and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00773-00145748-00145948 different fix ups you got the TNF elite
nTpZsYaiCYU-00774-00145949-00146236 the top talents you got the elite 52 the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00775-00146237-00146527 elite 57 you got the SummerSlam Rollins
nTpZsYaiCYU-00776-00146528-00146779 after that you have the atleast 64 on to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00777-00146780-00147025 the other top talents in the 2018 you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00778-00147026-00147178 got some customs down here at the end
nTpZsYaiCYU-00779-00147179-00147430 with the WrestleMania 34 you got his
nTpZsYaiCYU-00780-00147431-00147658 Summer 2018 attire you got you know
nTpZsYaiCYU-00781-00147659-00147874 Thanos Rollins Royal Rumble Rollins
nTpZsYaiCYU-00782-00147875-00148099 WrestleMania 35 some different fantasy
nTpZsYaiCYU-00783-00148100-00148258 attires you even have the custom
nTpZsYaiCYU-00784-00148259-00148375 Punisher right there and then we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00785-00148376-00148531 some different fantasy attires that I've
nTpZsYaiCYU-00786-00148532-00148714 made and one made by burnout ink and the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00787-00148715-00148891 white and blue and black and grey I love
nTpZsYaiCYU-00788-00148892-00149086 that one actor Seth Rollins it moves on
nTpZsYaiCYU-00789-00149087-00149257 into the Undertaker collection so we do
nTpZsYaiCYU-00790-00149258-00149392 have the Undertaker's on display right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00791-00149393-00149635 beside him a ton of those as well so you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00792-00149636-00149785 have the beginning of the Undertaker's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00793-00149786-00149935 career and then it just works all the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00794-00149936-00150103 way through and obviously we are missing
nTpZsYaiCYU-00795-00150104-00150340 some but for now this is what we got and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00796-00150341-00150523 then we ended up with the Ghostbusters
nTpZsYaiCYU-00797-00150524-00150736 Elite and then some future different
nTpZsYaiCYU-00798-00150737-00150850 Undertaker's right there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00799-00150851-00151048 any of you guys are big followers of the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00800-00151049-00151168 channel do you guys know what the means
nTpZsYaiCYU-00801-00151169-00151357 are we do have my meme collection of the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00802-00151358-00151513 channel see of selling cigarettes behind
nTpZsYaiCYU-00803-00151514-00151768 the gymnasium Dean Ambrose you got the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00804-00151769-00151951 founding fathers George Washington Abe
nTpZsYaiCYU-00805-00151952-00152137 Lincoln and Teddy Roosevelt that George
nTpZsYaiCYU-00806-00152138-00152320 is my favorite figure of my collection
nTpZsYaiCYU-00807-00152321-00152581 we have our Jason Statham our big Torito
nTpZsYaiCYU-00808-00152582-00152881 our little e our egg head Finn Balor's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00809-00152882-00153124 Santa Claus Rollins Santa Claus our
nTpZsYaiCYU-00810-00153125-00153472 killer custom our gunshot victim AJ
nTpZsYaiCYU-00811-00153473-00153724 Styles one Hardy and then Rakesh Lee
nTpZsYaiCYU-00812-00153725-00153889 there in the back coming down one
nTpZsYaiCYU-00813-00153890-00154024 section guys we do have some different
nTpZsYaiCYU-00814-00154025-00154270 customs here so you have a bad luck file
nTpZsYaiCYU-00815-00154271-00154576 a Tama Tonga jungle boy and Lucius Soros
nTpZsYaiCYU-00816-00154577-00154747 right there very happy with the way this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00817-00154748-00154930 lucius source turned out me and BEW
nTpZsYaiCYU-00818-00154931-00155188 double worked on that as a group effort
nTpZsYaiCYU-00819-00155189-00155419 right there and then it goes into kinda
nTpZsYaiCYU-00820-00155420-00155590 just some rain roster guys that I don't
nTpZsYaiCYU-00821-00155591-00155743 have to go onto the shelf to get so you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00822-00155744-00155944 have a custom elite Keith Lee got Tony
nTpZsYaiCYU-00823-00155945-00156238 nice Pete done Matt riddle and just a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00824-00156239-00156469 bunch of guys Tyler bate Leo rush ec3
nTpZsYaiCYU-00825-00156470-00156721 drew McIntyre buddy Murphy Lars Sullivan
nTpZsYaiCYU-00826-00156722-00156952 and just a bunch of main guys that you
nTpZsYaiCYU-00827-00156953-00157081 know don't have their own shelf or I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00828-00157082-00157176 don't want to have to get
nTpZsYaiCYU-00829-00157177-00157380 way too high up to get them so revival
nTpZsYaiCYU-00830-00157381-00157644 Ollie ricochet Mysterio seeing almost
nTpZsYaiCYU-00831-00157645-00157863 Eric Young Roman reigns and the fiend
nTpZsYaiCYU-00832-00157864-00157998 Bray Wyatt with his boon of virtual
nTpZsYaiCYU-00833-00157999-00158175 championship cover in his face so that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00834-00158176-00158367 is the middle section and the bottom
nTpZsYaiCYU-00835-00158368-00158520 section I do have to cover that top row
nTpZsYaiCYU-00836-00158521-00158673 there with AJ Styles but just a little
nTpZsYaiCYU-00837-00158674-00158883 overview comment down below how many
nTpZsYaiCYU-00838-00158884-00159102 figures you think can fit between that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00839-00159103-00159294 wall and that wall and I'll go ahead and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00840-00159295-00159423 tell you right now Brad it is literally
nTpZsYaiCYU-00841-00159424-00159600 a hundred figures a hundred figures can
nTpZsYaiCYU-00842-00159601-00159816 fit wall to wall and I plan on actually
nTpZsYaiCYU-00843-00159817-00159957 buying two more shelves to put on that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00844-00159958-00160173 side over the AJ Styles and then on this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00845-00160174-00160347 side in front of Jeff Hardy alright guys
nTpZsYaiCYU-00846-00160348-00160557 let's roll of figures on this wall we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00847-00160558-00160734 have the AJ Styles in front of the AJ
nTpZsYaiCYU-00848-00160735-00160884 Styles flag so I thought that would be
nTpZsYaiCYU-00849-00160885-00161046 pretty cool display so we have all the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00850-00161047-00161268 different AJ Styles right here from the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00851-00161269-00161523 elite 47 elite 51 network spotlight
nTpZsYaiCYU-00852-00161524-00161772 elite 56 the Survivor Series elite elite
nTpZsYaiCYU-00853-00161773-00162177 61 elite 66 top talents a custom attire
nTpZsYaiCYU-00854-00162178-00162357 right there in white and then you have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00855-00162358-00162525 the other top talents and then the least
nTpZsYaiCYU-00856-00162526-00162750 seventy four all the way up really just
nTpZsYaiCYU-00857-00162751-00162927 need a bunch of AJ Styles man there's so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00858-00162928-00163074 many times we don't have I can't believe
nTpZsYaiCYU-00859-00163075-00163221 my tail hasn't given us a red attire
nTpZsYaiCYU-00860-00163222-00163404 just yet so that's unfortunate hopefully
nTpZsYaiCYU-00861-00163405-00163617 we get that very soon after AJ Styles
nTpZsYaiCYU-00862-00163618-00163737 guys it does go into one of my favorite
nTpZsYaiCYU-00863-00163738-00163914 wrestlers Dolph Ziggler so we have the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00864-00163915-00164073 beginning of Ziggler with the elite 5
nTpZsYaiCYU-00865-00164074-00164424 elite 13 19 different customs elite 24
nTpZsYaiCYU-00866-00164425-00164634 then we get into the long tight Sigler
nTpZsYaiCYU-00867-00164635-00164790 so a ton of customs right here made by
nTpZsYaiCYU-00868-00164791-00164994 showstopper custom figs that promo
nTpZsYaiCYU-00869-00164995-00165219 attire Ziggler in the middle made by Mad
nTpZsYaiCYU-00870-00165220-00165429 Reaper studios very very talented
nTpZsYaiCYU-00871-00165430-00165564 customizer both of those guys are
nTpZsYaiCYU-00872-00165565-00165813 outrageous so they make all kind of talk
nTpZsYaiCYU-00873-00165814-00165972 not to work so I definitely want the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00874-00165973-00166149 best of the best in the collection so I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00875-00166150-00166350 did have some of those customs made so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00876-00166351-00166506 we have all the Ziggler's there and the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00877-00166507-00166617 Ziggler's had to go in front of the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00878-00166618-00166794 steel in the show catcher and Dolph
nTpZsYaiCYU-00879-00166795-00166956 Ziggler plaque autograph right there I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00880-00166957-00167166 love that it looks so good up next to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00881-00167167-00167376 the channel especially and then I went
nTpZsYaiCYU-00882-00167377-00167574 overseas in Cozumel Mexico and had that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00883-00167575-00167781 stealing the show surfboard bait to go
nTpZsYaiCYU-00884-00167782-00167952 above the steel in the show plaque so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00885-00167953-00168069 that's pretty cool right there having
nTpZsYaiCYU-00886-00168070-00168267 all that on display together and to the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00887-00168268-00168432 right of my plaque I do have my adult
nTpZsYaiCYU-00888-00168433-00168687 Ziggler ring worn hoodie from 2015 Hell
nTpZsYaiCYU-00889-00168688-00168864 in a Cell and it is autographed by
nTpZsYaiCYU-00890-00168865-00169032 Ziggler at the top and there's an image
nTpZsYaiCYU-00891-00169033-00169158 of him wearing the hoodie so that's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00892-00169159-00169236 pretty cool right there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00893-00169237-00169404 Hollywood healed easy crew right there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00894-00169405-00169617 looking pretty good just below that we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00895-00169618-00169776 do have the now Hardy so we have all the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00896-00169777-00169944 Matt Hardy figures together I really
nTpZsYaiCYU-00897-00169945-00170103 didn't realize how many minorities I had
nTpZsYaiCYU-00898-00170104-00170295 until you know making this video right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00899-00170296-00170337 there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00900-00170338-00170466 but I do have a bunch of my Hardee's
nTpZsYaiCYU-00901-00170467-00170676 there and they are obviously up next to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00902-00170677-00170814 his brother Jeff who is one of my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00903-00170815-00170889 favorites of all time
nTpZsYaiCYU-00904-00170890-00171090 I love my hearty - but Jeff Hardy is
nTpZsYaiCYU-00905-00171091-00171216 definitely one of my favorites of all
nTpZsYaiCYU-00906-00171217-00171366 time so you have all the different Jeff
nTpZsYaiCYU-00907-00171367-00171573 Hardy collection you have the non
nTpZsYaiCYU-00908-00171574-00171771 facepaint Jeff Hardy's up front and then
nTpZsYaiCYU-00909-00171772-00171948 to the side there you have all the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00910-00171949-00172134 different facepaint Jeff Hardy so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00911-00172135-00172329 multiples a lot of them for future
nTpZsYaiCYU-00912-00172330-00172560 customs and fix ups and stuff so there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00913-00172561-00172773 are all of the Jeff Hardy elites and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00914-00172774-00172929 then at the end we do have the custom
nTpZsYaiCYU-00915-00172930-00173154 Punisher Jeff Hardy at the end and I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00916-00173155-00173292 thought that looks really sit right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00917-00173293-00173463 there with all of them in front of the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00918-00173464-00173646 Jeff Hardy flag right there with a nigma
nTpZsYaiCYU-00919-00173647-00173826 up top so the Jeff Hardy shelf is
nTpZsYaiCYU-00920-00173827-00173976 looking pretty good again I do need to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00921-00173977-00174186 put something there and on the other
nTpZsYaiCYU-00922-00174187-00174372 side as well so that I can you know put
nTpZsYaiCYU-00923-00174373-00174564 them all together one thing I will say I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00924-00174565-00174789 plan on having all of my Rollins here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00925-00174790-00174939 and then after Rollins I plan on having
nTpZsYaiCYU-00926-00174940-00175137 all of my Finn Balor's but the Finn
nTpZsYaiCYU-00927-00175138-00175413 Balor's would not fit so I had to settle
nTpZsYaiCYU-00928-00175414-00175566 for putting them on this bottom shelf
nTpZsYaiCYU-00929-00175567-00175767 and then continuing them on to here
nTpZsYaiCYU-00930-00175768-00175899 that's really unfortunate I want to have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00931-00175900-00176076 them all you know straight across but
nTpZsYaiCYU-00932-00176077-00176298 that did not work out so after this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00933-00176299-00176487 display in this wall and all this stuff
nTpZsYaiCYU-00934-00176488-00176625 you go to the right you have all of my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00935-00176626-00176766 fan mail and little knickknacks that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00936-00176767-00176934 I've gotten over the years as far as
nTpZsYaiCYU-00937-00176935-00177129 figures and stuff you have my custom
nTpZsYaiCYU-00938-00177130-00177312 Punisher Rollins pot right there that I
nTpZsYaiCYU-00939-00177313-00177627 love my MDT Balor club custom demon with
nTpZsYaiCYU-00940-00177628-00177828 no head sculpted we got a finn bálor pop
nTpZsYaiCYU-00941-00177829-00177960 a bunch of different figures and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00942-00177961-00178128 knickknacks right there so if you see me
nTpZsYaiCYU-00943-00178129-00178269 any little figures I try to put them on
nTpZsYaiCYU-00944-00178270-00178461 display right there but I am running out
nTpZsYaiCYU-00945-00178462-00178602 of room obviously and we got the zebra
nTpZsYaiCYU-00946-00178603-00178788 print to represent the channel and one
nTpZsYaiCYU-00947-00178789-00178911 thing I actually almost forgot to show
nTpZsYaiCYU-00948-00178912-00179121 you guys I completely forgot to forgot
nTpZsYaiCYU-00949-00179122-00179292 to actually even hang it oh but it is my
nTpZsYaiCYU-00950-00179293-00179490 silver play button that's presented to
nTpZsYaiCYU-00951-00179491-00179721 my damn toys for surpassing 100,000
nTpZsYaiCYU-00952-00179722-00179928 subscribers very awesome plaque I'm so
nTpZsYaiCYU-00953-00179929-00180135 proud and happy to own that I still have
nTpZsYaiCYU-00954-00180136-00180252 a hung it because I don't really have a
nTpZsYaiCYU-00955-00180253-00180465 place to hang it I need to find a really
nTpZsYaiCYU-00956-00180466-00180645 cool place to hang that so it'll
nTpZsYaiCYU-00957-00180646-00180801 probably go where that fantasy belt is
nTpZsYaiCYU-00958-00180802-00180915 there's something a fantasy football
nTpZsYaiCYU-00959-00180916-00181065 championship but thank you guys so very
nTpZsYaiCYU-00960-00181066-00181281 much for subscribing and you know being
nTpZsYaiCYU-00961-00181282-00181404 a big supporter of the channel this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00962-00181405-00181629 plaque would not be possible without any
nTpZsYaiCYU-00963-00181630-00181764 of you so thank you so very much for
nTpZsYaiCYU-00964-00181765-00181971 watching and liking and subscribing and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00965-00181972-00182085 thank you guys so much for this
nTpZsYaiCYU-00966-00182086-00182250 beautiful plaque I know we're about it
nTpZsYaiCYU-00967-00182251-00182511 like 160,000 now but it is cool to look
nTpZsYaiCYU-00968-00182512-00182748 back and see the 100,000 subscriber flag
nTpZsYaiCYU-00969-00182749-00182955 very awesome I love this and then from
nTpZsYaiCYU-00970-00182956-00183041 there guys we do
nTpZsYaiCYU-00971-00183042-00183248 my retro collection so all the retros
nTpZsYaiCYU-00972-00183249-00183410 are up there I am missing quite a few of
nTpZsYaiCYU-00973-00183411-00183582 those but these are what I have on
nTpZsYaiCYU-00974-00183583-00183873 display so far we have my MDT flag
nTpZsYaiCYU-00975-00183874-00184112 blanket right there made by my wife we
nTpZsYaiCYU-00976-00184113-00184352 have the elite squad Mattel poster sent
nTpZsYaiCYU-00977-00184353-00184518 to me by Mattel you got some different
nTpZsYaiCYU-00978-00184519-00184671 muscles right there if you're wondering
nTpZsYaiCYU-00979-00184672-00184944 why these sticky notes have my name and
nTpZsYaiCYU-00980-00184945-00185153 my damn toys on it is because I stuffed
nTpZsYaiCYU-00981-00185154-00185256 in there because that means that
nTpZsYaiCYU-00982-00185257-00185402 somebody might sell when they send me
nTpZsYaiCYU-00983-00185403-00185559 packages somebody am i telling those who
nTpZsYaiCYU-00984-00185560-00185718 my name so I just thought that was cool
nTpZsYaiCYU-00985-00185719-00185861 so I went ahead and stuck those up there
nTpZsYaiCYU-00986-00185862-00186135 altogether we have my w/e calendar right
nTpZsYaiCYU-00987-00186136-00186258 there on the month of December with the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00988-00186259-00186488 dead man we have my John Cena autograph
nTpZsYaiCYU-00989-00186489-00186723 right there framed and posterized
nTpZsYaiCYU-00990-00186724-00186902 we have my figure toy company kill scene
nTpZsYaiCYU-00991-00186903-00187103 kill Ring of Honor Kevin Steen slash
nTpZsYaiCYU-00992-00187104-00187257 Kevin Owens that I got from my boy
nTpZsYaiCYU-00993-00187258-00187454 unstable tin 47 thank you so much
nTpZsYaiCYU-00994-00187455-00187679 Christian and we have my autographed
nTpZsYaiCYU-00995-00187680-00187869 t-shirt sent to me personally by Zach
nTpZsYaiCYU-00996-00187870-00188133 writer of their whoo-whoo-whoo you know
nTpZsYaiCYU-00997-00188134-00188387 it I know it right there to complete the
nTpZsYaiCYU-00998-00188388-00188610 wall display and in the last few figures
nTpZsYaiCYU-00999-00188611-00188760 we have to show you guys over here we
nTpZsYaiCYU-01000-00188761-00188919 have the ultimate edition Bret Hart a
nTpZsYaiCYU-01001-00188920-00189098 couple Vegeta's because he's my favorite
nTpZsYaiCYU-01002-00189099-00189306 anime character of all time we have the
nTpZsYaiCYU-01003-00189307-00189503 women's section so any women figures go
nTpZsYaiCYU-01004-00189504-00189776 right here any women elites any extras
nTpZsYaiCYU-01005-00189777-00189911 going my drawer cuz I don't have any
nTpZsYaiCYU-01006-00189912-00190127 spots form but I do have all of the main
nTpZsYaiCYU-01007-00190128-00190320 ladies here so Shayna Baszler you got
nTpZsYaiCYU-01008-00190321-00190385 Becky Lynch
nTpZsYaiCYU-01009-00190386-00190664 you got Bayley Alexa bliss Sasha
nTpZsYaiCYU-01010-00190665-00190881 Charlotte Knight Jax all of those a
nTpZsYaiCYU-01011-00190882-00191141 couple custom leaders right here ikonics
nTpZsYaiCYU-01012-00191142-00191373 Ultimate Edition Ronda Rousey moving on
nTpZsYaiCYU-01013-00191374-00191523 down we do it was a vindication she'll
nTpZsYaiCYU-01014-00191524-00191690 show we have all of the vindication
nTpZsYaiCYU-01015-00191691-00191832 people if you guys don't know what
nTpZsYaiCYU-01016-00191833-00192089 vindication it is my MDT double-double
nTpZsYaiCYU-01017-00192090-00192239 you eat action figure pic Fett so go
nTpZsYaiCYU-01018-00192240-00192479 watch the MDT wrestling playlist and the
nTpZsYaiCYU-01019-00192480-00192633 first episodes are pretty garbage and
nTpZsYaiCYU-01020-00192634-00192798 terrible and just awful so it'll get
nTpZsYaiCYU-01021-00192799-00192941 over it'll take a while to get to the
nTpZsYaiCYU-01022-00192942-00193154 good posing or decent posing but you
nTpZsYaiCYU-01023-00193155-00193304 know I'd appreciate if you guys go back
nTpZsYaiCYU-01024-00193305-00193506 and watch but here is the full
nTpZsYaiCYU-01025-00193507-00193688 vindication shelf with the elite shaping
nTpZsYaiCYU-01026-00193689-00193923 Kitty Omega Ironman champion Cody Rhodes
nTpZsYaiCYU-01027-00193924-00194153 marnix girl revolutionary champion and
nTpZsYaiCYU-01028-00194154-00194343 the MDT tag champions the young bucks
nTpZsYaiCYU-01029-00194344-00194513 there's a little overview got the white
nTpZsYaiCYU-01030-00194514-00194699 colt there and then moving down we have
nTpZsYaiCYU-01031-00194700-00194943 the MDT champion Roman reigns the Usos
nTpZsYaiCYU-01032-00194944-00195152 as the world tag champions they're the
nTpZsYaiCYU-01033-00195153-00195326 bloodline together you have the extreme
nTpZsYaiCYU-01034-00195327-00195551 champion Kevin Owens you got jack
nTpZsYaiCYU-01035-00195552-00195773 swagger you got Cedric Alexander John
nTpZsYaiCYU-01036-00195774-00196037 Cena Dean Ambrose all the different
nTpZsYaiCYU-01037-00196038-00196289 characters and then people from the MBT
nTpZsYaiCYU-01038-00196290-00196379 live roster
nTpZsYaiCYU-01039-00196380-00196547 sleek coming down through here then I
nTpZsYaiCYU-01040-00196548-00196697 have the new date with their tag titles
nTpZsYaiCYU-01041-00196698-00196874 because why not for predictions videos
nTpZsYaiCYU-01042-00196875-00197009 are just right there you grab them off
nTpZsYaiCYU-01043-00197010-00197324 with titles GM Eric Bischoff but there
nTpZsYaiCYU-01044-00197325-00197525 you go that it's pretty much the full
nTpZsYaiCYU-01045-00197526-00197840 MDT figure room tour right there guys I
nTpZsYaiCYU-01046-00197841-00198026 mean I took you through everything all
nTpZsYaiCYU-01047-00198027-00198209 the figures on display all the shelves
nTpZsYaiCYU-01048-00198210-00198464 all the different stuff alley cat hog in
nTpZsYaiCYU-01049-00198465-00198647 the gaming chair now so I have my gaming
nTpZsYaiCYU-01050-00198648-00198776 chair right there for my wife for
nTpZsYaiCYU-01051-00198777-00198995 Christmas very nice I want to get an MDT
nTpZsYaiCYU-01052-00198996-00199220 headrest or an MDT logo and scripted
nTpZsYaiCYU-01053-00199221-00199373 right there we'll have to see about that
nTpZsYaiCYU-01054-00199374-00199817 and there's my VIP chairs from awwe live
nTpZsYaiCYU-01055-00199818-00200042 event which are both broken now so
nTpZsYaiCYU-01056-00200043-00200216 that's upsetting but that is pretty much
nTpZsYaiCYU-01057-00200217-00200498 it for the figure room tour of 2020
nTpZsYaiCYU-01058-00200499-00200630 again I did not want to upload this
nTpZsYaiCYU-01059-00200631-00200861 today but you know what Brad I spent so
nTpZsYaiCYU-01060-00200862-00201059 much time working on it and getting it
nTpZsYaiCYU-01061-00201060-00201308 ready that I didn't want to go ahead and
nTpZsYaiCYU-01062-00201309-00201440 film the full loose figure collection
nTpZsYaiCYU-01063-00201441-00201593 when I just put all these up on this fly
nTpZsYaiCYU-01064-00201594-00201707 you might as well knock out the room
nTpZsYaiCYU-01065-00201708-00201917 tour upload that and then in the next
nTpZsYaiCYU-01066-00201918-00202034 couple of days go ahead and do the
nTpZsYaiCYU-01067-00202035-00202229 massive figure collection but that is
nTpZsYaiCYU-01068-00202230-00202397 gonna do it for today's video guys thank
nTpZsYaiCYU-01069-00202398-00202526 you so very much for watching the room
nTpZsYaiCYU-01070-00202527-00202814 tour of 2020 can't wait to see what 2021
nTpZsYaiCYU-01071-00202815-00203021 brings we may be in a different house
nTpZsYaiCYU-01072-00203022-00203264 but we will also have a little one with
nTpZsYaiCYU-01073-00203265-00203417 us so that is going to be awesome we're
nTpZsYaiCYU-01074-00203418-00203609 so excited and can't wait but thank you
nTpZsYaiCYU-01075-00203610-00203747 guys for watching subscribe to the
nTpZsYaiCYU-01076-00203748-00203948 channel for more epic w/e action figure
nTpZsYaiCYU-01077-00203949-00204113 videos follow me on instagram it's
nTpZsYaiCYU-01078-00204114-00204242 whether it might have toys and I'll see
nTpZsYaiCYU-01079-00204243-00204758 you guys in the next video thank you
nUVMEOSiPPA-00000-00000053-00000376 spy-fi as a sub-genre of spy fiction
nUVMEOSiPPA-00001-00000377-00000601 that includes elements of science
nUVMEOSiPPA-00002-00000602-00000879 fiction and is often associated with the
nUVMEOSiPPA-00003-00000880-00001275 Cold War features of spy-fi include the
nUVMEOSiPPA-00004-00001276-00001533 effects of technology on the espionage
nUVMEOSiPPA-00005-00001534-00001807 trade and the technological gadgets used
nUVMEOSiPPA-00006-00001807-00002010 by the characters even though the
nUVMEOSiPPA-00007-00002011-00002266 technologies and gadgets portrayed are
nUVMEOSiPPA-00008-00002267-00003084 well beyond current scientific reality
nUVMEOSiPPA-00009-00003085-00003827 topic definition and characteristics
nUVMEOSiPPA-00010-00003828-00004127 spy-fi can be defined as media that
nUVMEOSiPPA-00011-00004128-00004322 centers around the adventures of a
nUVMEOSiPPA-00012-00004323-00004650 protagonist or protagonists working as a
nUVMEOSiPPA-00013-00004651-00004925 secret agent or a spy
nUVMEOSiPPA-00014-00004926-00005195 usually these adventures will revolve
nUVMEOSiPPA-00015-00005196-00005463 around defeating a rival superpower or
nUVMEOSiPPA-00016-00005464-00005667 singular enemy from achieving a
nUVMEOSiPPA-00017-00005668-00006038 nefarious aim content may include themes
nUVMEOSiPPA-00018-00006039-00006281 such as world domination world
nUVMEOSiPPA-00019-00006282-00006576 destruction futuristic weapons and
nUVMEOSiPPA-00020-00006577-00006931 gadgets settings vary from outright
nUVMEOSiPPA-00021-00006933-00007263 fantasy such as outer space or under the
nUVMEOSiPPA-00022-00007264-00007698 sea to real but exotic locations spy-fi
nUVMEOSiPPA-00023-00007698-00008006 does not necessarily present espionage
nUVMEOSiPPA-00024-00008008-00008296 as it is practiced in reality but rather
nUVMEOSiPPA-00025-00008297-00008591 glamorizes spy craft through its focus
nUVMEOSiPPA-00026-00008592-00008899 on high-tech equipment agencies and
nUVMEOSiPPA-00027-00008900-00009113 organizations with nearly limitless
nUVMEOSiPPA-00028-00009114-00009377 resources and incredibly high-stakes
nUVMEOSiPPA-00029-00009378-00009660 adventures the spy protagonists may
nUVMEOSiPPA-00030-00009661-00009905 discover in his or her investigation
nUVMEOSiPPA-00031-00009906-00010188 that a mad scientist or evil genius and
nUVMEOSiPPA-00032-00010189-00010416 his secret organization are using
nUVMEOSiPPA-00033-00010417-00010668 futuristic technology to further their
nUVMEOSiPPA-00034-00010669-00011021 schemes examples of these include the
nUVMEOSiPPA-00035-00011022-00011297 James Bond film series the use of
nUVMEOSiPPA-00036-00011298-00011561 advanced scientific technologies for
nUVMEOSiPPA-00037-00011562-00011799 global influence or domination in the
nUVMEOSiPPA-00038-00011800-00012113 barrenness spy novels using space travel
nUVMEOSiPPA-00039-00012114-00012363 technology to destroy the world as in
nUVMEOSiPPA-00040-00012364-00012608 kiss the girls and make them die whether
nUVMEOSiPPA-00041-00012609-00012915 control in our man Flint using a sonic
nUVMEOSiPPA-00042-00012916-00013188 weapon indict Barton strikes back a
nUVMEOSiPPA-00043-00013188-00013430 death ray in Dick Barton at bay or
nUVMEOSiPPA-00044-00013431-00013707 replacing world leaders with evil twins
nUVMEOSiPPA-00045-00013708-00014374 in in like flint
nUVMEOSiPPA-00046-00014375-00015315 topic examples
nUVMEOSiPPA-00047-00015316-00016297 topic films and television
nUVMEOSiPPA-00048-00016298-00016897 topic books and novels
nUVMEOSiPPA-00049-00016898-00017286 the Baroness series daughter of the
nUVMEOSiPPA-00050-00017287-00017814 lioness series aka the trickster series
nUVMEOSiPPA-00051-00017815-00018469 James Bond series
nUVMEOSiPPA-00052-00018470-00019348 topic games
nUVMEOSiPPA-00053-00019349-00020097 topic anime
nUVMEOSiPPA-00054-00020098-00020266 you
nUVMEOSiPPA-00055-00020267-00020853 topic see also
nUVMEOSiPPA-00056-00020854-00021395 mixed genre techno-thriller
nX0uA1HEhxY-00000-00000009-00001103 [Music]
nX0uA1HEhxY-00001-00001104-00001166 and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00002-00001167-00001527 in order to speak directly to the group
nX0uA1HEhxY-00003-00001528-00001743 on this issue of territorial conflicts
nX0uA1HEhxY-00004-00001744-00001902 of sovereignty in europe
nX0uA1HEhxY-00005-00001903-00002287 i have uh in fact entitled my paper
nX0uA1HEhxY-00006-00002288-00002534 deliberative constitutionalism to the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00007-00002535-00002639 rescue
nX0uA1HEhxY-00008-00002640-00002926 of complex democratic settings so the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00009-00002927-00003063 current debates about
nX0uA1HEhxY-00010-00003064-00003319 sovereignty should not be limited to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00011-00003320-00003422 issues of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00012-00003423-00003775 legality or legitimacy as is too
nX0uA1HEhxY-00013-00003776-00004070 often times witness on the terrain of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00014-00004071-00004215 politics
nX0uA1HEhxY-00015-00004216-00004422 time and again we've seen principal
nX0uA1HEhxY-00016-00004423-00004606 actors intervening
nX0uA1HEhxY-00017-00004607-00004975 on behalf of the majority nation hiding
nX0uA1HEhxY-00018-00004976-00005375 behind the veil of the legality
nX0uA1HEhxY-00019-00005376-00005767 to undermine or seek to discredit claims
nX0uA1HEhxY-00020-00005768-00006006 made by minority groups and minority
nX0uA1HEhxY-00021-00006007-00006111 nations
nX0uA1HEhxY-00022-00006112-00006414 so the initiative led by the usko
nX0uA1HEhxY-00023-00006415-00006655 katskunza and the institute the studies
nX0uA1HEhxY-00024-00006656-00006783 catalans
nX0uA1HEhxY-00025-00006784-00007055 comes at the crucial moment as several
nX0uA1HEhxY-00026-00007056-00007206 countries are facing and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00027-00007208-00007519 general tension and and we see that
nX0uA1HEhxY-00028-00007520-00007734 uh in many in many places i mean the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00029-00007736-00008014 issue has been for the central state
nX0uA1HEhxY-00030-00008015-00008310 to try to centralize power to try to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00031-00008311-00008374 develop
nX0uA1HEhxY-00032-00008375-00008687 symmetry try to have higher
nX0uA1HEhxY-00033-00008688-00008871 performance i mean these these are the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00034-00008872-00009119 issue that is often being raised
nX0uA1HEhxY-00035-00009120-00009383 and both unitary and federal states are
nX0uA1HEhxY-00036-00009384-00009478 have been
nX0uA1HEhxY-00037-00009479-00009719 frequently implementing similar
nX0uA1HEhxY-00038-00009720-00009878 strategies
nX0uA1HEhxY-00039-00009879-00010103 to respond to forces associated with
nX0uA1HEhxY-00040-00010104-00010327 globalization that they use
nX0uA1HEhxY-00041-00010328-00010559 as a pretext to take away powers that
nX0uA1HEhxY-00042-00010560-00010687 have been assumed
nX0uA1HEhxY-00043-00010688-00010942 at the sub-state level at different
nX0uA1HEhxY-00044-00010943-00011023 moments
nX0uA1HEhxY-00045-00011024-00011367 so in in this presentation in my paper i
nX0uA1HEhxY-00046-00011368-00011406 will be
nX0uA1HEhxY-00047-00011407-00011695 focusing on four elements first the need
nX0uA1HEhxY-00048-00011696-00011735 to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00049-00011736-00011959 revisit the debate concerning the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00050-00011960-00012174 exercise of sovereignty
nX0uA1HEhxY-00051-00012175-00012423 second to highlight different forms of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00052-00012424-00012678 legitimacy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00053-00012679-00013038 and distinguishing third between
nX0uA1HEhxY-00054-00013039-00013183 constitutional authority and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00055-00013184-00013463 constitutional morality and finally
nX0uA1HEhxY-00056-00013463-00013735 i am challenging the position that is
nX0uA1HEhxY-00057-00013736-00013903 considered to be acceptable in some
nX0uA1HEhxY-00058-00013904-00013983 circles that
nX0uA1HEhxY-00059-00013984-00014303 might makes right so i i end up instead
nX0uA1HEhxY-00060-00014304-00014535 a position that consists in endorsing
nX0uA1HEhxY-00061-00014536-00014879 a liberal republican model that feeds
nX0uA1HEhxY-00062-00014880-00015158 on liberal democratic constitutionalism
nX0uA1HEhxY-00063-00015159-00015319 as a way forward to advance
nX0uA1HEhxY-00064-00015319-00015591 just democracy so with respect to point
nX0uA1HEhxY-00065-00015591-00015638 one
nX0uA1HEhxY-00066-00015640-00015919 respect to the idea of reformulating the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00067-00015919-00016007 the terms of the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00068-00016008-00016255 debate about sovereignty which i see as
nX0uA1HEhxY-00069-00016256-00016391 an imperative
nX0uA1HEhxY-00070-00016392-00016599 now we we know that political actors
nX0uA1HEhxY-00071-00016600-00016743 acting on behalf of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00072-00016744-00017055 and on bs of the state are quick to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00073-00017056-00017279 declare that all individuals are equal
nX0uA1HEhxY-00074-00017280-00017511 before the law that the rules of the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00075-00017512-00017599 game
nX0uA1HEhxY-00076-00017600-00017814 have been set once and for all and that
nX0uA1HEhxY-00077-00017815-00017983 the state is there to guarantee
nX0uA1HEhxY-00078-00017984-00018239 its territorial integrity against all
nX0uA1HEhxY-00079-00018240-00018503 possible external and internal
nX0uA1HEhxY-00080-00018504-00018767 threats now in such a context there is
nX0uA1HEhxY-00081-00018768-00018807 no
nX0uA1HEhxY-00082-00018808-00019111 palpable intention to adhere to the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00083-00019112-00019358 central principle of constitutionalism
nX0uA1HEhxY-00084-00019359-00019583 which are encapsulated by the three
nX0uA1HEhxY-00085-00019584-00019663 notion
nX0uA1HEhxY-00086-00019664-00019975 of political the political consent the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00087-00019976-00020055 cultural
nX0uA1HEhxY-00088-00020056-00020358 continuity and reciprocity
nX0uA1HEhxY-00089-00020359-00020543 now these three notions are quite
nX0uA1HEhxY-00090-00020544-00020775 essential if we want to advance a
nX0uA1HEhxY-00091-00020776-00021055 democracy that respect constitutionalism
nX0uA1HEhxY-00092-00021056-00021078 and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00093-00021079-00021391 and obediences so with the ongoing
nX0uA1HEhxY-00094-00021392-00021583 political transformation taking place
nX0uA1HEhxY-00095-00021584-00021791 below and above the state
nX0uA1HEhxY-00096-00021792-00022014 one up to question the postulate
nX0uA1HEhxY-00097-00022015-00022135 according to which the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00098-00022136-00022399 state as a monopoly of legitimate public
nX0uA1HEhxY-00099-00022400-00022511 authority
nX0uA1HEhxY-00100-00022512-00022878 within a set of predetermined frontiers
nX0uA1HEhxY-00101-00022879-00023143 we did a result of a war of the process
nX0uA1HEhxY-00102-00023144-00023342 of decolonization
nX0uA1HEhxY-00103-00023343-00023694 among various scenarios of a process
nX0uA1HEhxY-00104-00023695-00023903 of territorial enlargement or
nX0uA1HEhxY-00105-00023904-00024030 aggregation
nX0uA1HEhxY-00106-00024031-00024239 now actors discussing territorial
nX0uA1HEhxY-00107-00024240-00024471 integrity are likely to focus
nX0uA1HEhxY-00108-00024472-00024742 on legality and pay only lip service to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00109-00024743-00025014 the notion of legitimacy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00110-00025015-00025319 the latter that is legitimacy of whoever
nX0uA1HEhxY-00111-00025320-00025486 remains highly important
nX0uA1HEhxY-00112-00025487-00025783 since it is crucial for state manager to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00113-00025783-00025990 obtain the highest level of popular
nX0uA1HEhxY-00114-00025991-00026150 support possible
nX0uA1HEhxY-00115-00026151-00026414 behind state reforms in order to advance
nX0uA1HEhxY-00116-00026416-00026614 the policy preferences that are
nX0uA1HEhxY-00117-00026616-00026751 emanating
nX0uA1HEhxY-00118-00026752-00027046 from the political communities so here
nX0uA1HEhxY-00119-00027047-00027199 constitutional and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00120-00027200-00027407 political arrangements are there to be
nX0uA1HEhxY-00121-00027408-00027639 negotiated not to be imposed
nX0uA1HEhxY-00122-00027639-00027918 so that the legislative principle is at
nX0uA1HEhxY-00123-00027919-00028062 its highest
nX0uA1HEhxY-00124-00028063-00028374 now which form can sovereignty take
nX0uA1HEhxY-00125-00028375-00028543 to meet the needs of citizen and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00126-00028544-00028695 political
nX0uA1HEhxY-00127-00028695-00028943 communities such an understanding
nX0uA1HEhxY-00128-00028944-00029087 certain underthinking
nX0uA1HEhxY-00129-00029088-00029374 is partially crucial in cases of several
nX0uA1HEhxY-00130-00029375-00029439 nations
nX0uA1HEhxY-00131-00029439-00029631 that cohabit on the on a specific
nX0uA1HEhxY-00132-00029632-00029895 territory the case of belgium obviously
nX0uA1HEhxY-00133-00029895-00030014 canada
nX0uA1HEhxY-00134-00030016-00030318 uh spain the uk are all confronted with
nX0uA1HEhxY-00135-00030319-00030383 this
nX0uA1HEhxY-00136-00030383-00030590 so we need therefore and this is my
nX0uA1HEhxY-00137-00030591-00030767 second point to reconcile
nX0uA1HEhxY-00138-00030768-00031127 between different forms of legitimacy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00139-00031127-00031383 inter-community relation would gain to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00140-00031383-00031511 be reimagined
nX0uA1HEhxY-00141-00031512-00031846 on a new basis in in my paper i argue
nX0uA1HEhxY-00142-00031847-00032039 that we ought to replace a diet of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00143-00032039-00032127 legality
nX0uA1HEhxY-00144-00032127-00032511 legitimacy by the diet of legitimacy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00145-00032512-00032702 nothing less without which the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00146-00032703-00032967 practitioner conflict will continue
nX0uA1HEhxY-00147-00032968-00033183 to lock themselves into logic that are
nX0uA1HEhxY-00148-00033184-00033374 impossible to reconcile
nX0uA1HEhxY-00149-00033375-00033559 due to the fact that they operate on
nX0uA1HEhxY-00150-00033560-00033687 parallel paths
nX0uA1HEhxY-00151-00033688-00033999 with no possibility of converging now
nX0uA1HEhxY-00152-00034000-00034135 rethinking the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00153-00034136-00034351 the conflict in terms of legitimacy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00154-00034352-00034646 makes it possible to give a voice to all
nX0uA1HEhxY-00155-00034647-00034923 potential political actors rather than
nX0uA1HEhxY-00156-00034924-00035062 disqualifying
nX0uA1HEhxY-00157-00035063-00035335 actors or taking them taking them out of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00158-00035336-00035518 the political game for all sort of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00159-00035519-00035630 reasons
nX0uA1HEhxY-00160-00035631-00035815 we have to start from the premise that
nX0uA1HEhxY-00161-00035816-00036039 both sides in a political conflict
nX0uA1HEhxY-00162-00036040-00036302 have and can invoke valid arguments to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00163-00036303-00036423 question
nX0uA1HEhxY-00164-00036424-00036702 the fairness in power sharing the equal
nX0uA1HEhxY-00165-00036703-00036911 capacity of everyone to accomplish
nX0uA1HEhxY-00166-00036912-00036990 oneself and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00167-00036991-00037287 fully exercise one's civil political
nX0uA1HEhxY-00168-00037288-00037502 social and cultural rights
nX0uA1HEhxY-00169-00037503-00037871 and third the validity and importance
nX0uA1HEhxY-00170-00037872-00038007 of their counterpart political
nX0uA1HEhxY-00171-00038008-00038318 legitimacy the argument heard too
nX0uA1HEhxY-00172-00038319-00038527 frequently that there is no legitimacy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00173-00038528-00038695 beyond legality
nX0uA1HEhxY-00174-00038696-00038999 is not an acceptable one since it closes
nX0uA1HEhxY-00175-00039000-00039287 all democratic channels and constitutes
nX0uA1HEhxY-00176-00039288-00039446 an imposition of political
nX0uA1HEhxY-00177-00039447-00039759 strength on weaker political partners it
nX0uA1HEhxY-00178-00039760-00039902 is as if a state
nX0uA1HEhxY-00179-00039903-00040118 whatever the political preferences
nX0uA1HEhxY-00180-00040119-00040351 expressed by the constituent political
nX0uA1HEhxY-00181-00040352-00040607 communities has the right to be
nX0uA1HEhxY-00182-00040608-00040830 intolerant to what cultural
nX0uA1HEhxY-00183-00040831-00041118 ideological social and societal
nX0uA1HEhxY-00184-00041119-00041246 differences
nX0uA1HEhxY-00185-00041247-00041518 now here federalism has some valuable
nX0uA1HEhxY-00186-00041519-00041567 cues
nX0uA1HEhxY-00187-00041568-00041855 to provide since a federal constitution
nX0uA1HEhxY-00188-00041856-00041958 is one
nX0uA1HEhxY-00189-00041959-00042239 to quote stephen journey one which is
nX0uA1HEhxY-00190-00042240-00042295 premised
nX0uA1HEhxY-00191-00042296-00042599 upon territorial constituent power with
nX0uA1HEhxY-00192-00042600-00042695 prior
nX0uA1HEhxY-00193-00042696-00042967 primary tyrants the constitutional
nX0uA1HEhxY-00194-00042968-00043055 status
nX0uA1HEhxY-00195-00043056-00043302 symbolically and substantially of its
nX0uA1HEhxY-00196-00043303-00043471 constituent territories
nX0uA1HEhxY-00197-00043472-00043774 end of quote so the source of political
nX0uA1HEhxY-00198-00043775-00043967 authority in a multinational political
nX0uA1HEhxY-00199-00043968-00044207 setting and by extension
nX0uA1HEhxY-00200-00044208-00044423 the strength of its legitimacy is the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00201-00044424-00044558 popular will
nX0uA1HEhxY-00202-00044559-00044767 expressed first and foremost through
nX0uA1HEhxY-00203-00044768-00044943 political institution
nX0uA1HEhxY-00204-00044944-00045239 operating at the sub-state level as well
nX0uA1HEhxY-00205-00045240-00045439 as through the state itself
nX0uA1HEhxY-00206-00045440-00045743 it is a combined aspiration of these two
nX0uA1HEhxY-00207-00045744-00045967 forms of representation that will give
nX0uA1HEhxY-00208-00045968-00046207 political actors the legitimacy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00209-00046208-00046439 to put forward personal solution and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00210-00046440-00046527 implement
nX0uA1HEhxY-00211-00046528-00046799 public policies now the third point i
nX0uA1HEhxY-00212-00046800-00046871 want to raise
nX0uA1HEhxY-00213-00046872-00047079 is the point about how do we
nX0uA1HEhxY-00214-00047080-00047286 differentiate between constitutional
nX0uA1HEhxY-00215-00047287-00047399 authority
nX0uA1HEhxY-00216-00047400-00047751 and constitutional morality
nX0uA1HEhxY-00217-00047752-00047935 some state of the view that the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00218-00047936-00048135 constitution is sacred
nX0uA1HEhxY-00219-00048136-00048390 a sacred document that once adopted can
nX0uA1HEhxY-00220-00048391-00048583 no longer be modified
nX0uA1HEhxY-00221-00048584-00048839 the spokesperson used various strategy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00222-00048840-00048983 either to undermine
nX0uA1HEhxY-00223-00048984-00049255 or to oppose political changes as being
nX0uA1HEhxY-00224-00049256-00049471 expression of disloyalty toward the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00225-00049472-00049646 all-encompassing state
nX0uA1HEhxY-00226-00049647-00049958 or as disturbing the national interests
nX0uA1HEhxY-00227-00049959-00050158 such a pursuit has been properly
nX0uA1HEhxY-00228-00050159-00050383 qualified by powerful sacrament bruce
nX0uA1HEhxY-00229-00050384-00050455 kids
nX0uA1HEhxY-00230-00050456-00050774 when discussing the judgment 42 2014 of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00231-00050775-00050951 the spanish constitutional
nX0uA1HEhxY-00232-00050952-00051199 court denying the catalan parliament the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00233-00051200-00051423 right to console the people of catalonia
nX0uA1HEhxY-00234-00051424-00051663 with respect with political future
nX0uA1HEhxY-00235-00051664-00052050 as a clear expression of constitutional
nX0uA1HEhxY-00236-00052051-00052335 fundamentalism that is that according to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00237-00052336-00052559 the latter there is no legitimacy behind
nX0uA1HEhxY-00238-00052560-00052766 legality there is no democracy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00239-00052767-00053023 outside the constitution not difficult
nX0uA1HEhxY-00240-00053024-00053159 for anyone
nX0uA1HEhxY-00241-00053160-00053326 to imagine that the principle of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00242-00053327-00053630 legitimacy can be reduced to so little
nX0uA1HEhxY-00243-00053632-00053919 according to the constitutional court
nX0uA1HEhxY-00244-00053920-00054007 rendering
nX0uA1HEhxY-00245-00054008-00054279 only a formal constitution can serve as
nX0uA1HEhxY-00246-00054279-00054463 a source of legitimacy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00247-00054464-00054682 clearly here constitutional
nX0uA1HEhxY-00248-00054683-00054863 fundamentalism stands
nX0uA1HEhxY-00249-00054864-00055019 in the way of deliberative
nX0uA1HEhxY-00250-00055020-00055215 constitutionalism
nX0uA1HEhxY-00251-00055216-00055423 operating as a straight jacket from
nX0uA1HEhxY-00252-00055424-00055679 which it is simply impossible to extract
nX0uA1HEhxY-00253-00055679-00055782 oneself
nX0uA1HEhxY-00254-00055783-00056054 emptying the principle of liberty of its
nX0uA1HEhxY-00255-00056055-00056175 substance
nX0uA1HEhxY-00256-00056176-00056391 in such a context what are we to make of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00257-00056391-00056575 the exercise of democracy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00258-00056576-00056766 itself of the expression of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00259-00056767-00056959 constitutional morality
nX0uA1HEhxY-00260-00056960-00057166 as well as the informal constitutional
nX0uA1HEhxY-00261-00057167-00057263 principle
nX0uA1HEhxY-00262-00057264-00057542 or set of ongoing advances on which a
nX0uA1HEhxY-00263-00057544-00057711 country has been established
nX0uA1HEhxY-00264-00057712-00057999 on which the the foundational principle
nX0uA1HEhxY-00265-00058000-00058166 are resting
nX0uA1HEhxY-00266-00058167-00058391 by examining the canadian experience
nX0uA1HEhxY-00267-00058391-00058519 through an appraisal
nX0uA1HEhxY-00268-00058520-00058791 of the 1998 reference case with respect
nX0uA1HEhxY-00269-00058791-00059054 to quebec rights to secede it becomes
nX0uA1HEhxY-00270-00059055-00059238 clear that the political partners in a
nX0uA1HEhxY-00271-00059239-00059359 democratic
nX0uA1HEhxY-00272-00059360-00059638 political setting needs to abide to a
nX0uA1HEhxY-00273-00059639-00059871 set of criteria to be able to engage
nX0uA1HEhxY-00274-00059872-00060142 in a trustworthy manner and not the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00275-00060144-00060311 possibility of confronting the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00276-00060312-00060494 respective position
nX0uA1HEhxY-00277-00060495-00060799 without undue pressure the supreme court
nX0uA1HEhxY-00278-00060800-00060926 of canada identified
nX0uA1HEhxY-00279-00060927-00061182 four major principles here that are
nX0uA1HEhxY-00280-00061183-00061423 referred to as the federal principle
nX0uA1HEhxY-00281-00061424-00061630 the democratic principle the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00282-00061632-00061806 constitutionalism and the rule of law
nX0uA1HEhxY-00283-00061807-00062023 and finally the protection of minority
nX0uA1HEhxY-00284-00062024-00062094 rights
nX0uA1HEhxY-00285-00062095-00062359 each of each of these principle cannot
nX0uA1HEhxY-00286-00062360-00062511 trump the other they have
nX0uA1HEhxY-00287-00062512-00062815 an equi primordial value
nX0uA1HEhxY-00288-00062816-00063023 and they cannot as i mentioned they
nX0uA1HEhxY-00289-00063024-00063238 cannot trump one another they have to be
nX0uA1HEhxY-00290-00063239-00063606 combined and look at and and taken
nX0uA1HEhxY-00291-00063607-00063911 all together at once so stated
nX0uA1HEhxY-00292-00063912-00064047 differently
nX0uA1HEhxY-00293-00064048-00064294 constitutional fundamentalism is simply
nX0uA1HEhxY-00294-00064295-00064487 not an acceptable position
nX0uA1HEhxY-00295-00064488-00064694 for a state to adopt in the context of a
nX0uA1HEhxY-00296-00064695-00064926 complex democratic political setting
nX0uA1HEhxY-00297-00064927-00065182 we need to find room for the maintenance
nX0uA1HEhxY-00298-00065183-00065271 and pursuit
nX0uA1HEhxY-00299-00065272-00065494 of political deliberation for the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00300-00065495-00065743 expression of protest and resistance
nX0uA1HEhxY-00301-00065744-00066031 for the possibility to contest decision
nX0uA1HEhxY-00302-00066032-00066143 with peaceful mean
nX0uA1HEhxY-00303-00066144-00066447 and democratic means to dissent come to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00304-00066448-00066687 mind the possibility of holding election
nX0uA1HEhxY-00305-00066688-00066871 of organizing referendum
nX0uA1HEhxY-00306-00066872-00067143 to appraise public opinion and assess
nX0uA1HEhxY-00307-00067144-00067423 community preferences
nX0uA1HEhxY-00308-00067424-00067638 such action can be undertaken either by
nX0uA1HEhxY-00309-00067639-00067759 the state itself
nX0uA1HEhxY-00310-00067760-00068031 or by a substate what matters is that
nX0uA1HEhxY-00311-00068032-00068231 the population being consulted
nX0uA1HEhxY-00312-00068232-00068503 is provided with all relevant and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00313-00068504-00068703 balanced information to reach an
nX0uA1HEhxY-00314-00068704-00068999 informed decision without undue on
nX0uA1HEhxY-00315-00069000-00069135 proper pressure
nX0uA1HEhxY-00316-00069136-00069406 or intimidation fairness and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00317-00069407-00069615 transparency are essential to the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00318-00069616-00069919 success of these democratic processes
nX0uA1HEhxY-00319-00069920-00070150 such an understanding on the lines need
nX0uA1HEhxY-00320-00070151-00070367 to develop a normative constitutional
nX0uA1HEhxY-00321-00070368-00070447 theory
nX0uA1HEhxY-00322-00070448-00070655 that would focus not so much on the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00323-00070656-00070855 content of the constitution
nX0uA1HEhxY-00324-00070856-00071111 but on the moral principle on which it
nX0uA1HEhxY-00325-00071112-00071191 rests
nX0uA1HEhxY-00326-00071192-00071503 which takes me to my point in some
nX0uA1HEhxY-00327-00071504-00071638 democracy deliberations
nX0uA1HEhxY-00328-00071639-00071894 have been discouraged when not denounced
nX0uA1HEhxY-00329-00071895-00072062 from mounting a position against the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00330-00072063-00072135 state
nX0uA1HEhxY-00331-00072136-00072326 while preschool leaders and spokesperson
nX0uA1HEhxY-00332-00072327-00072511 from civilian society
nX0uA1HEhxY-00333-00072512-00072655 feeding these deliberations have been
nX0uA1HEhxY-00334-00072656-00072838 depicted as renegades
nX0uA1HEhxY-00335-00072839-00073103 imposters or rebels that pursued
nX0uA1HEhxY-00336-00073104-00073287 self-central aspiration
nX0uA1HEhxY-00337-00073288-00073519 as if the liberation protest and
nX0uA1HEhxY-00338-00073520-00073767 contestation could not produce anything
nX0uA1HEhxY-00339-00073768-00073950 positive for a country
nX0uA1HEhxY-00340-00073951-00074215 in the power of identity manual castels
nX0uA1HEhxY-00341-00074216-00074406 highlight the value of resistance
nX0uA1HEhxY-00342-00074407-00074726 identities when discussing for instance
nX0uA1HEhxY-00343-00074727-00074879 the woman movement
nX0uA1HEhxY-00344-00074880-00075038 and liberal nationalist project would
nX0uA1HEhxY-00345-00075039-00075191 have which have
nX0uA1HEhxY-00346-00075192-00075487 raised up to resist impulsive might use
nX0uA1HEhxY-00347-00075488-00075519 by
nX0uA1HEhxY-00348-00075520-00075750 dominant political forces in some
nX0uA1HEhxY-00349-00075751-00075943 countries one could lament the days
nX0uA1HEhxY-00350-00075944-00076199 when political authority rested on the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00351-00076200-00076287 support of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00352-00076288-00076559 all constitutional partners in
nX0uA1HEhxY-00353-00076560-00076735 situations where political authority
nX0uA1HEhxY-00354-00076736-00076862 rests on the support of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00355-00076863-00077103 all constitutional partners legal
nX0uA1HEhxY-00356-00077104-00077382 authority will find it much easier to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00357-00077383-00077559 gather political support
nX0uA1HEhxY-00358-00077560-00077775 as well as a vision to the country's
nX0uA1HEhxY-00359-00077776-00077991 overall objectives
nX0uA1HEhxY-00360-00077992-00078231 what what we have seen in the case of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00361-00078232-00078319 spain
nX0uA1HEhxY-00362-00078320-00078511 is that the balance of trust between
nX0uA1HEhxY-00363-00078512-00078750 historical nationalities and the state
nX0uA1HEhxY-00364-00078751-00078975 have become strained over the years
nX0uA1HEhxY-00365-00078976-00079175 in good policies due to a platform
nX0uA1HEhxY-00366-00079176-00079311 process
nX0uA1HEhxY-00367-00079312-00079631 that takes existence from the tenets
nX0uA1HEhxY-00368-00079632-00079831 that the tenets of a deliberative
nX0uA1HEhxY-00369-00079832-00079950 democracy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00370-00079951-00080199 and wants to subject minority nation to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00371-00080200-00080359 a culture in which
nX0uA1HEhxY-00372-00080360-00080679 might makes right in such a context
nX0uA1HEhxY-00373-00080680-00080871 coercion takes precedence over social
nX0uA1HEhxY-00374-00080872-00080967 harmony
nX0uA1HEhxY-00375-00080968-00081279 and legitimation and removed from the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00376-00081280-00081471 policy process what exactly
nX0uA1HEhxY-00377-00081472-00081767 abram has called the enforced force of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00378-00081768-00081926 the better argument
nX0uA1HEhxY-00379-00081927-00082167 in short there is much more to democracy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00380-00082168-00082326 than the election
nX0uA1HEhxY-00381-00082327-00082638 of representative and also than
nX0uA1HEhxY-00382-00082639-00082935 than to the majoritarian principle so
nX0uA1HEhxY-00383-00082936-00083047 resistance
nX0uA1HEhxY-00384-00083048-00083255 and contestation are an essential
nX0uA1HEhxY-00385-00083256-00083518 component of a healthy democracy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00386-00083519-00083799 what are we to make and i'm coming to my
nX0uA1HEhxY-00387-00083800-00083982 conclusion what are we to make
nX0uA1HEhxY-00388-00083983-00084159 of these theoretical normative
nX0uA1HEhxY-00389-00084160-00084359 considerations with respect to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00390-00084360-00084631 territorial conflict of sovereignty now
nX0uA1HEhxY-00391-00084632-00084782 contemporary democracy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00392-00084783-00085062 are in need of new attributes that would
nX0uA1HEhxY-00393-00085063-00085118 contrib
nX0uA1HEhxY-00394-00085119-00085367 that would contribute to give a voice to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00395-00085368-00085575 the others rather than to seek to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00396-00085576-00085743 silence them
nX0uA1HEhxY-00397-00085744-00086023 modernism needs to give way to pluralism
nX0uA1HEhxY-00398-00086024-00086247 in my recent writings i've formulated
nX0uA1HEhxY-00399-00086248-00086462 the hypothesis that sovereignty
nX0uA1HEhxY-00400-00086463-00086662 ought to be relational rather than
nX0uA1HEhxY-00401-00086663-00086791 monolithic
nX0uA1HEhxY-00402-00086792-00086999 there is a lesson that we have learned i
nX0uA1HEhxY-00403-00087000-00087135 think in the case and please
nX0uA1HEhxY-00404-00087136-00087415 first from the first people of canada
nX0uA1HEhxY-00405-00087416-00087503 who have taught
nX0uA1HEhxY-00406-00087504-00087767 us through the continual continued
nX0uA1HEhxY-00407-00087768-00087911 mobilization
nX0uA1HEhxY-00408-00087912-00088103 in favor of a federal system that would
nX0uA1HEhxY-00409-00088104-00088247 be in tune with all
nX0uA1HEhxY-00410-00088248-00088487 communities occupying the vast span of
nX0uA1HEhxY-00411-00088488-00088550 land
nX0uA1HEhxY-00412-00088551-00088935 not of the 49 parallel it is essentially
nX0uA1HEhxY-00413-00088936-00089087 therefore to distinguish between the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00414-00089088-00089271 goals that are being pursued
nX0uA1HEhxY-00415-00089272-00089511 in the context of divided society
nX0uA1HEhxY-00416-00089512-00089775 representative of the majority nation
nX0uA1HEhxY-00417-00089776-00089999 and tend to impose and maintain its
nX0uA1HEhxY-00418-00090000-00090111 sovereignty over
nX0uA1HEhxY-00419-00090112-00090343 all other components this leads that
nX0uA1HEhxY-00420-00090344-00090535 time to unfair treatments
nX0uA1HEhxY-00421-00090536-00090815 and use of course and measures whereas
nX0uA1HEhxY-00422-00090816-00091055 minority nations want to acquire some
nX0uA1HEhxY-00423-00091056-00091143 control
nX0uA1HEhxY-00424-00091144-00091399 over sovereignty for the benefit of the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00425-00091400-00091494 cultural
nX0uA1HEhxY-00426-00091495-00091679 economic and traditional influential
nX0uA1HEhxY-00427-00091680-00091806 emancipation
nX0uA1HEhxY-00428-00091807-00092071 of their respective community a world
nX0uA1HEhxY-00429-00092072-00092343 now with respect to the right to decide
nX0uA1HEhxY-00430-00092344-00092582 idea that has acquired some prominence
nX0uA1HEhxY-00431-00092583-00092791 in both catalonia in the basque country
nX0uA1HEhxY-00432-00092792-00092959 during the last decade
nX0uA1HEhxY-00433-00092960-00093143 the right to decide comes with its
nX0uA1HEhxY-00434-00093144-00093391 attributes for instance it appears
nX0uA1HEhxY-00435-00093392-00093567 not to challenge or undermine the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00436-00093568-00093767 territorial legitimacy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00437-00093768-00094087 of an existing state as long as
nX0uA1HEhxY-00438-00094088-00094359 the ladder is keeping constitutional
nX0uA1HEhxY-00439-00094360-00094503 channels open
nX0uA1HEhxY-00440-00094504-00094767 as long as it allows its constituent
nX0uA1HEhxY-00441-00094768-00095015 unit to consult its population
nX0uA1HEhxY-00442-00095016-00095318 and does not bully its member state
nX0uA1HEhxY-00443-00095319-00095535 as a byproduct the right to the site
nX0uA1HEhxY-00444-00095536-00095799 augment strengthen relationship between
nX0uA1HEhxY-00445-00095800-00095959 the constituent des moines
nX0uA1HEhxY-00446-00095960-00096294 and the stated cell in sum under the
nX0uA1HEhxY-00447-00096295-00096431 view that the code
nX0uA1HEhxY-00448-00096432-00096662 of good practices that we're working on
nX0uA1HEhxY-00449-00096663-00096862 during this conference
nX0uA1HEhxY-00450-00096863-00097174 this code of good practices
nX0uA1HEhxY-00451-00097175-00097406 in this in this various political
nX0uA1HEhxY-00452-00097407-00097479 setting
nX0uA1HEhxY-00453-00097480-00097791 need to insist on four in fact four five
nX0uA1HEhxY-00454-00097792-00098111 six objectives that i will enumerate
nX0uA1HEhxY-00455-00098112-00098391 to to wrap up first it needs to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00456-00098392-00098479 encourage
nX0uA1HEhxY-00457-00098480-00098726 bottom-up rather than top-down policy
nX0uA1HEhxY-00458-00098727-00098862 initiative
nX0uA1HEhxY-00459-00098863-00099159 second it needs to pursue asymmetrical
nX0uA1HEhxY-00460-00099160-00099231 rather than
nX0uA1HEhxY-00461-00099232-00099550 symmetrical political arrangement third
nX0uA1HEhxY-00462-00099551-00099599 it needs
nX0uA1HEhxY-00463-00099600-00099926 to seek a balance between shared rule
nX0uA1HEhxY-00464-00099927-00100262 and self-rule fourth it needs to
nX0uA1HEhxY-00465-00100263-00100518 promote reciprocity rather than
nX0uA1HEhxY-00466-00100519-00100662 uniformity
nX0uA1HEhxY-00467-00100663-00100918 fifth it needs to implement national
nX0uA1HEhxY-00468-00100919-00101038 pluralism
nX0uA1HEhxY-00469-00101039-00101391 rather than state nationalism and sixth
nX0uA1HEhxY-00470-00101392-00101431 it
nX0uA1HEhxY-00471-00101432-00101694 needs to advocate relational relational
nX0uA1HEhxY-00472-00101695-00101782 sovereignty
nX0uA1HEhxY-00473-00101783-00102062 rather than a sacrosanct modest
nX0uA1HEhxY-00474-00102063-00102182 sovereignty
nX0uA1HEhxY-00475-00102183-00102406 to the extent that complex democratic
nX0uA1HEhxY-00476-00102407-00102630 political setting advanced these six
nX0uA1HEhxY-00477-00102631-00102975 objectives in concert one would assume
nX0uA1HEhxY-00478-00102976-00103151 that the democratic principle would be
nX0uA1HEhxY-00479-00103152-00103286 further entrenched
nX0uA1HEhxY-00480-00103288-00103486 and that state will gain both in
nX0uA1HEhxY-00481-00103488-00103654 political stability
nX0uA1HEhxY-00482-00103655-00104270 and legitimate authority escamilla
nX0uA1HEhxY-00483-00104271-00104666 [Music]
nX0uA1HEhxY-00484-00104667-00104967 gracias
nXmLtyYgJgI-00000-00003574-00004666 [Music]
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nXmLtyYgJgI-00002-00005400-00005902 six
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nYySa6PZzeU-00016-00003642-00003940 Cunningham ROM Wills Taekwondo and Kerry
nYySa6PZzeU-00017-00003942-00004156 k zaggin we're talking about manhood
nYySa6PZzeU-00018-00004157-00004451 confidence attracting women and much
nYySa6PZzeU-00019-00004452-00004756 more so click the link below right now
nYySa6PZzeU-00020-00004757-00005069 so you can get your copy today
nYySa6PZzeU-00021-00005070-00005351 when
nYySa6PZzeU-00022-00005352-00005561 indeed all of them when I do sometimes I
nYySa6PZzeU-00023-00005562-00005788 found success and
nYySa6PZzeU-00024-00005789-00006004 sometimes they don't want to talk in
nYySa6PZzeU-00025-00006005-00006329 between the date and me hitting them up
nYySa6PZzeU-00026-00006330-00006532 and I remember there was a video I was
nYySa6PZzeU-00027-00006533-00006664 saying y'all got to call that if you
nYySa6PZzeU-00028-00006665-00006851 don't want to do that I didn't want to
nYySa6PZzeU-00029-00006852-00007078 do it but when I didn't do it I feel
nYySa6PZzeU-00030-00007079-00007264 like I should have did it because she
nYySa6PZzeU-00031-00007265-00007408 she met me on social media
nYySa6PZzeU-00032-00007409-00007837 [Music]
nYySa6PZzeU-00033-00007838-00008128 nope when you whenever you say you feel
nYySa6PZzeU-00034-00008129-00008381 like you should do it because
nYySa6PZzeU-00035-00008382-00008645 you're already lost you're already lost
nYySa6PZzeU-00036-00008646-00008819 why do you feel like you should do it
nYySa6PZzeU-00037-00008820-00009539 okay
nYySa6PZzeU-00038-00009540-00009706 hold on stop there you go you're losing
nYySa6PZzeU-00039-00009707-00009869 again thinking about it thinking about
nYySa6PZzeU-00040-00009870-00010145 what you want to do based off of her
nYySa6PZzeU-00041-00010146-00010656 perspective if you already lost
nYySa6PZzeU-00042-00010657-00010871 see when you break it down you're like
nYySa6PZzeU-00043-00010872-00011003 damn what the [__] that's what we're
nYySa6PZzeU-00044-00011004-00011177 talking about like why would you give a
nYySa6PZzeU-00045-00011178-00011387 [__] about her perspective at this point
nYySa6PZzeU-00046-00011388-00011603 Colin yeah why do you need to see things
nYySa6PZzeU-00047-00011604-00011983 from her perspective caller
nYySa6PZzeU-00048-00011984-00012221 me explaining it makes me feel like a
nYySa6PZzeU-00049-00012222-00012281 [__]
nYySa6PZzeU-00050-00012282-00012481 no no no no no no no no no no no no
nYySa6PZzeU-00051-00012482-00012844 let's let's go down the road bro why do
nYySa6PZzeU-00052-00012845-00013013 you feel you why do you think you need
nYySa6PZzeU-00053-00013013-00013151 to understand anything from her
nYySa6PZzeU-00054-00013152-00013403 perspective homie
nYySa6PZzeU-00055-00013404-00013636 because when I hit her up and she was
nYySa6PZzeU-00056-00013637-00013775 willing to go on a day I told the spot
nYySa6PZzeU-00057-00013776-00013949 and all that she was like okay but um
nYySa6PZzeU-00058-00013950-00014147 can we like talk a little bit before and
nYySa6PZzeU-00059-00014147-00014327 I'm thinking about it I said No at first
nYySa6PZzeU-00060-00014328-00014886 and then when we when things that happen
nYySa6PZzeU-00061-00014887-00015166 okay ultimately ultimately ultimately
nYySa6PZzeU-00062-00015168-00015871 ultimately what do you want to happen
nYySa6PZzeU-00063-00015872-00016283 to where's your time for what
nYySa6PZzeU-00064-00016284-00016744 you said what worth your time for what
nYySa6PZzeU-00065-00016745-00016930 to see if she's the type of girl I want
nYySa6PZzeU-00066-00016931-00017057 to keep around
nYySa6PZzeU-00067-00017058-00017249 and see if she's even the type of girl
nYySa6PZzeU-00068-00017250-00017458 that I want to do more things with in
nYySa6PZzeU-00069-00017459-00017980 the future okay now do you think that
nYySa6PZzeU-00070-00017981-00018233 not talking to her is going to put that
nYySa6PZzeU-00071-00018234-00018515 in jeopardy
nYySa6PZzeU-00072-00018516-00018899 [Music]
nYySa6PZzeU-00073-00018900-00019003 um
nYySa6PZzeU-00074-00019004-00019313 it shouldn't it shouldn't it shouldn't
nYySa6PZzeU-00075-00019314-00019614 but do you think so
nYySa6PZzeU-00076-00019615-00019900 I felt I felt that way yes exactly
nYySa6PZzeU-00077-00019901-00020086 that's what I'm trying to get you to say
nYySa6PZzeU-00078-00020087-00020405 yes you think that get that not giving
nYySa6PZzeU-00079-00020406-00020675 her what she says she wants is not gonna
nYySa6PZzeU-00080-00020676-00020993 allow you to keep her around that is a
nYySa6PZzeU-00081-00020994-00021208 the wrong reason to do any [__] thing
nYySa6PZzeU-00082-00021209-00021400 if you're not doing it because you want
nYySa6PZzeU-00083-00021401-00021593 to do it then that's the wrong reason to
nYySa6PZzeU-00084-00021594-00021827 do it and then on top of that let's say
nYySa6PZzeU-00085-00021828-00022055 you do keep her around do you want to
nYySa6PZzeU-00086-00022056-00022199 keep a woman around for an extended
nYySa6PZzeU-00087-00022200-00022421 period of time where you have to always
nYySa6PZzeU-00088-00022422-00022691 acquiesce to what she wants and not do
nYySa6PZzeU-00089-00022692-00022874 what you want to do right
nYySa6PZzeU-00090-00022875-00023455 [Music]
nYySa6PZzeU-00091-00023456-00023650 answer the [__] question we don't
nYySa6PZzeU-00092-00023651-00023789 care what's connecting in your [__]
nYySa6PZzeU-00093-00023790-00024011 brain answer the question answer the
nYySa6PZzeU-00094-00024012-00024185 question is is that the type of
nYySa6PZzeU-00095-00024186-00024335 relationship you want to build and
nYySa6PZzeU-00096-00024336-00024527 cultivate where you got to do what the
nYySa6PZzeU-00097-00024528-00024761 [__] she wanna do and you gotta see [__]
nYySa6PZzeU-00098-00024762-00024958 from her perspective all the time just
nYySa6PZzeU-00099-00024959-00025144 so you could keep her the [__] around is
nYySa6PZzeU-00100-00025145-00025372 that what you want
nYySa6PZzeU-00101-00025373-00025637 no okay well that's understand that
nYySa6PZzeU-00102-00025638-00025822 that's the type of relationships you
nYySa6PZzeU-00103-00025823-00026033 built when you start off like that you
nYySa6PZzeU-00104-00026033-00026237 understand right
nYySa6PZzeU-00105-00026238-00026518 yeah so so when you so when you're in a
nYySa6PZzeU-00106-00026519-00026627 situation where you're trying to connect
nYySa6PZzeU-00107-00026627-00026837 with abroad and then you like yo meet me
nYySa6PZzeU-00108-00026838-00026987 at the spot blah blah blah and she's
nYySa6PZzeU-00109-00026988-00027179 like well I think we should talk in here
nYySa6PZzeU-00110-00027180-00027364 a little bit more and then you look you
nYySa6PZzeU-00111-00027366-00027527 look at her dead in the [__] face and
nYySa6PZzeU-00112-00027527-00027940 be like well I don't exactly right spot
nYySa6PZzeU-00113-00027941-00028181 on Thursday meet me on the spot on
nYySa6PZzeU-00114-00028182-00028385 Thursday and if she don't show up then
nYySa6PZzeU-00115-00028386-00028540 that's not the [__] that you supposed
nYySa6PZzeU-00116-00028541-00028696 to be with bro that's not the [__]
nYySa6PZzeU-00117-00028697-00028883 that's gonna stay around and you don't
nYySa6PZzeU-00118-00028883-00029057 want her around anyway because that
nYySa6PZzeU-00119-00029058-00029183 means she's not gonna do what you told
nYySa6PZzeU-00120-00029183-00029687 her to do regardless right yeah
nYySa6PZzeU-00121-00029688-00029968 okay so so this is why yeah this is why
nYySa6PZzeU-00122-00029969-00030168 I gotta stay focused
nYySa6PZzeU-00123-00030169-00030424 stay focused on what you want so you can
nYySa6PZzeU-00124-00030425-00030623 find the women that's gonna do what you
nYySa6PZzeU-00125-00030624-00030851 want because let me tell you something
nYySa6PZzeU-00126-00030852-00031073 you're the man you're the leader
nYySa6PZzeU-00127-00031074-00031324 mm-hmm Everything Is Beautiful about
nYySa6PZzeU-00128-00031325-00031690 what you want exactly yeah a lot of
nYySa6PZzeU-00129-00031691-00031852 y'all [__] don't respect what
nYySa6PZzeU-00130-00031854-00032099 you want you think that because you want
nYySa6PZzeU-00131-00032100-00032323 it it's something wrong with it
nYySa6PZzeU-00132-00032324-00032608 exactly if you want it it's a beautiful
nYySa6PZzeU-00133-00032610-00032837 [__] thing and if and she should want
nYySa6PZzeU-00134-00032838-00033052 it too and if she don't get the [__] up
nYySa6PZzeU-00135-00033053-00033359 out of here exactly that's it get the
nYySa6PZzeU-00136-00033360-00033655 [__] out of here
nYySa6PZzeU-00137-00033656-00033874 y'all [__] think oh well she might not
nYySa6PZzeU-00138-00033875-00034001 want to come on a date she might not
nYySa6PZzeU-00139-00034002-00034168 want to give me no [__] so there's
nYySa6PZzeU-00140-00034169-00034318 something wrong with me wanting things
nYySa6PZzeU-00141-00034319-00034493 the way that I want them no I'm a
nYySa6PZzeU-00142-00034494-00034673 [__] man I'm a [__] leader when
nYySa6PZzeU-00143-00034674-00034829 she comes into my presence I'm
nYySa6PZzeU-00144-00034830-00035039 protecting her I'm providing I'm doing
nYySa6PZzeU-00145-00035040-00035218 everything I'm giving her my masculine
nYySa6PZzeU-00146-00035219-00035412 time and energy
nYySa6PZzeU-00147-00035413-00035968 what the [__] I want exactly
nYySa6PZzeU-00148-00035969-00036095 then we
nYySa6PZzeU-00149-00036096-00036239 didn't I [__] with you that we're good
nYySa6PZzeU-00150-00036240-00036505 but you I don't have to [__] with you
nYySa6PZzeU-00151-00036506-00036790 again again if I'm the Secret Service
nYySa6PZzeU-00152-00036791-00037045 and I need the president to duck
nYySa6PZzeU-00153-00037046-00037295 and a president don't want a duck I
nYySa6PZzeU-00154-00037296-00037571 can't do my job exactly it's the same
nYySa6PZzeU-00155-00037572-00037793 thing as a man if I'm a man I'm a leader
nYySa6PZzeU-00156-00037794-00038033 and I and I and I give my woman
nYySa6PZzeU-00157-00038034-00038237 instructions if she don't follow the
nYySa6PZzeU-00158-00038238-00038387 instructions she can't be my woman
nYySa6PZzeU-00159-00038388-00038699 exactly
nYySa6PZzeU-00160-00038700-00039005 that's it see the problem is y'all too
nYySa6PZzeU-00161-00039006-00039262 scared you so you're so scared for her
nYySa6PZzeU-00162-00039263-00039490 to bounce or for you to not have
nYySa6PZzeU-00163-00039491-00039767 anything going on with her and then also
nYySa6PZzeU-00164-00039768-00039952 this is what a lot of guys think
nYySa6PZzeU-00165-00039953-00040415 they think that what they want is never
nYySa6PZzeU-00166-00040416-00040583 going to get them what they want you
nYySa6PZzeU-00167-00040584-00040679 understand what I'm saying they think
nYySa6PZzeU-00168-00040680-00040901 like oh well you know I run into women
nYySa6PZzeU-00169-00040902-00041099 that say well I gotta talk to you more
nYySa6PZzeU-00170-00041100-00041302 and get to know you and blah blah I keep
nYySa6PZzeU-00171-00041303-00041477 hearing this from women they keep saying
nYySa6PZzeU-00172-00041478-00041711 this so maybe I should maybe I am doing
nYySa6PZzeU-00173-00041712-00042005 her and see the problem is is that when
nYySa6PZzeU-00174-00042006-00042227 you don't stand on your [__] you fall
nYySa6PZzeU-00175-00042228-00042539 back into their [__] and the reason why
nYySa6PZzeU-00176-00042540-00042683 you fall back into what they're trying
nYySa6PZzeU-00177-00042684-00042857 to do is because you don't believe in
nYySa6PZzeU-00178-00042858-00043133 yourself that's the problem so you got
nYySa6PZzeU-00179-00043134-00043427 to believe in yourself so much that none
nYySa6PZzeU-00180-00043428-00043679 of that other [__] matters you see what
nYySa6PZzeU-00181-00043680-00043871 I'm saying so the point where is be like
nYySa6PZzeU-00182-00043872-00044045 listen I don't need to [__] with none of
nYySa6PZzeU-00183-00044046-00044212 y'all I'll be I'll be by myself right
nYySa6PZzeU-00184-00044213-00044489 here you see what I'm saying until one
nYySa6PZzeU-00185-00044490-00044608 of y'all [__] is cooperating
nYySa6PZzeU-00186-00044609-00044795 what the [__] I want I'm not budgeting
nYySa6PZzeU-00187-00044796-00045011 until that happens exactly what I'm
nYySa6PZzeU-00188-00045012-00045233 saying and that's it now before you go
nYySa6PZzeU-00189-00045234-00045451 click the link below and go to
nYySa6PZzeU-00190-00045452-00045665 badboyemembership.com now badboy
nYySa6PZzeU-00191-00045666-00045845 membership.com is a place where you go
nYySa6PZzeU-00192-00045846-00046162 to get 45 through 90 minute audio and
nYySa6PZzeU-00193-00046163-00046421 video dating advice tutorials every
nYySa6PZzeU-00194-00046422-00046624 month listen I know you're tired of
nYySa6PZzeU-00195-00046625-00046805 being rejected go to badboy
nYySa6PZzeU-00196-00046806-00047051 membership.com I know you're tired of
nYySa6PZzeU-00197-00047052-00047302 being afraid to approach women go to
nYySa6PZzeU-00198-00047303-00047596 badboy membership.com I know you're
nYySa6PZzeU-00199-00047597-00047765 tired of not getting the women that you
nYySa6PZzeU-00200-00047766-00048017 want go to badboy membership.com listen
nYySa6PZzeU-00201-00048018-00048202 I know you're tired of being alone on a
nYySa6PZzeU-00202-00048203-00048467 Friday night go to badboymembership.com
nYySa6PZzeU-00203-00048468-00048749 now picture this you'll go from not
nYySa6PZzeU-00204-00048750-00048958 getting what you want when it comes to
nYySa6PZzeU-00205-00048959-00049139 you dealing with women to actually
nYySa6PZzeU-00206-00049140-00049367 getting what you want to being the guy
nYySa6PZzeU-00207-00049368-00049552 women want to be with women want to date
nYySa6PZzeU-00208-00049553-00049774 women want to have sex with all you need
nYySa6PZzeU-00209-00049775-00049985 to do is go to badboyemembership.com
nYySa6PZzeU-00210-00049986-00050218 follow the steps learn the game
nYySa6PZzeU-00211-00050219-00050446 implement the game and then you will get
nYySa6PZzeU-00212-00050447-00050736 the woman you want make sure you go to
nYySa6PZzeU-00213-00050737-00051071 badboymembership.com today click the
nYySa6PZzeU-00214-00051072-00051613 link below
nYySa6PZzeU-00215-00051614-00051832 [Music]
nYySa6PZzeU-00216-00051833-00052061 click the link below will go straight to
nYySa6PZzeU-00217-00052062-00052373 Mr locario.com to get the documentary
nYySa6PZzeU-00218-00052374-00052664 game Kings the definition of game
nYySa6PZzeU-00219-00052665-00054795 [Music]
nYUOaIXlhck-00000-00000096-00000551 okay say something
nYUOaIXlhck-00001-00000552-00000862 nope uh the audio is definitely broken
nYUOaIXlhck-00002-00000863-00001047 again
nYUOaIXlhck-00003-00001048-00001926 now say something
nYUOaIXlhck-00004-00001927-00002207 time with the audio issues there we go
nYUOaIXlhck-00005-00002208-00002399 the audio seems to be working now
nYUOaIXlhck-00006-00002400-00002702 all right awesome yeah i almost feel
nYUOaIXlhck-00007-00002703-00002883 like we gotta have
nYUOaIXlhck-00008-00002884-00003254 whoever is the poor soul stuck with
nYUOaIXlhck-00009-00003255-00003383 jockeying this in the future almost
nYUOaIXlhck-00010-00003384-00003535 needs to have two laptops like
nYUOaIXlhck-00011-00003536-00003775 one with like twitch and everything
nYUOaIXlhck-00012-00003776-00003927 going and one with
nYUOaIXlhck-00013-00003928-00004415 just like obs and zoom yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-00014-00004416-00004719 yeah that's nothing can confuse
nYUOaIXlhck-00015-00004720-00005047 obs this tiny little brain but then the
nYUOaIXlhck-00016-00005048-00005175 problem is when you
nYUOaIXlhck-00017-00005176-00005399 forget to mute that thing and then this
nYUOaIXlhck-00018-00005400-00005559 thing and then there's one of your tabs
nYUOaIXlhck-00019-00005560-00005751 is doing the wrong noise and you're like
nYUOaIXlhck-00020-00005752-00006086 oh oh this is wrong yep
nYUOaIXlhck-00021-00006087-00006406 spin you're being heroic it's just
nYUOaIXlhck-00022-00006408-00006663 yep we are live by the way the internet
nYUOaIXlhck-00023-00006664-00006839 is listening to us talk so
nYUOaIXlhck-00024-00006840-00007031 enjoying the banter you're still being
nYUOaIXlhck-00025-00007031-00007239 heroic yes
nYUOaIXlhck-00026-00007240-00007519 yeah so for those of you um watching uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00027-00007520-00007631 sven has been
nYUOaIXlhck-00028-00007631-00007806 the the main guy troubleshooting all of
nYUOaIXlhck-00029-00007808-00008006 the audio issues and and fighting with
nYUOaIXlhck-00030-00008008-00008142 the stream for
nYUOaIXlhck-00031-00008143-00008527 basically all of defcon and it's
nYUOaIXlhck-00032-00008528-00008767 a testament to his hard work that things
nYUOaIXlhck-00033-00008768-00008974 have gone as smoothly as they have
nYUOaIXlhck-00034-00008975-00009406 so it made it a lot easier that things
nYUOaIXlhck-00035-00009407-00009542 were pre-recorded because
nYUOaIXlhck-00036-00009543-00009703 can you imagine trying to hunt people
nYUOaIXlhck-00037-00009704-00009919 down hunt speakers down
nYUOaIXlhck-00038-00009920-00010142 and then their sharings is not quite
nYUOaIXlhck-00039-00010143-00010335 right and all that
nYUOaIXlhck-00040-00010336-00010623 yeah no i mean this year at least
nYUOaIXlhck-00041-00010624-00010983 they're not passed out in the bar
nYUOaIXlhck-00042-00010984-00011127 how many speakers have been passed out
nYUOaIXlhck-00043-00011128-00011335 in the bar
nYUOaIXlhck-00044-00011336-00011510 none of ours that i know of but we've
nYUOaIXlhck-00045-00011511-00011655 definitely hooked a few of them out from
nYUOaIXlhck-00046-00011656-00011823 the nearest bar
nYUOaIXlhck-00047-00011824-00012246 yeah well you know
nYUOaIXlhck-00048-00012247-00012655 um so expecting anyone else or we want
nYUOaIXlhck-00049-00012656-00012678 to
nYUOaIXlhck-00050-00012679-00013102 get this show on the road yeah let me
nYUOaIXlhck-00051-00013103-00013447 uh well let me pull up this
nYUOaIXlhck-00052-00013447-00013830 the thing for myself uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00053-00013831-00014303 i'm going to try a new layout
nYUOaIXlhck-00054-00014304-00014558 as soon as i can find the thing uh so
nYUOaIXlhck-00055-00014559-00014711 while i'm looking for it
nYUOaIXlhck-00056-00014712-00014958 uh rich do you want to introduce the
nYUOaIXlhck-00057-00014959-00015055 paper to
nYUOaIXlhck-00058-00015056-00015366 everyone
nYUOaIXlhck-00059-00015368-00015535 oh sorry uh so we're going to do a
nYUOaIXlhck-00060-00015536-00015727 couple things uh hi barton
nYUOaIXlhck-00061-00015728-00015919 uh so we're going to start with just the
nYUOaIXlhck-00062-00015919-00016071 four of us talking about it for a bit
nYUOaIXlhck-00063-00016072-00016183 and then i'm going to open
nYUOaIXlhck-00064-00016184-00016567 up the uh and join the
nYUOaIXlhck-00065-00016568-00016886 voice chat in the defcon discord and so
nYUOaIXlhck-00066-00016887-00016999 you guys will be able to talk
nYUOaIXlhck-00067-00017000-00017150 on stream and talk with us and
nYUOaIXlhck-00068-00017151-00017350 everything um
nYUOaIXlhck-00069-00017351-00017599 so for the first like 20 minutes it's
nYUOaIXlhck-00070-00017600-00017663 going to be just
nYUOaIXlhck-00071-00017664-00017903 us and then we'll bring everyone we can
nYUOaIXlhck-00072-00017904-00018014 in and have a
nYUOaIXlhck-00073-00018015-00018207 bit more of a wild west thing we're
nYUOaIXlhck-00074-00018208-00018447 going to try out how that works uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00075-00018448-00018599 and the other thing is i'm just going to
nYUOaIXlhck-00076-00018600-00018758 play with the layouts a little bit
nYUOaIXlhck-00077-00018759-00019086 so that's the structure of it uh we've
nYUOaIXlhck-00078-00019087-00019255 also got a journal club coming up on
nYUOaIXlhck-00079-00019256-00019383 this wednesday
nYUOaIXlhck-00080-00019384-00019663 uh we will put the link to that paper in
nYUOaIXlhck-00081-00019664-00019814 the defcon discord and then
nYUOaIXlhck-00082-00019815-00019958 you if you want to participate you
nYUOaIXlhck-00083-00019959-00020143 should join our discord
nYUOaIXlhck-00084-00020144-00020478 um link in the twitter bio
nYUOaIXlhck-00085-00020479-00020727 yeah it's in the twitter bio um and you
nYUOaIXlhck-00086-00020728-00020847 can just dm one of us
nYUOaIXlhck-00087-00020848-00021047 and i will give you and send you an
nYUOaIXlhck-00088-00021048-00021271 invite to the area village discord
nYUOaIXlhck-00089-00021272-00021463 please don't use their village discord
nYUOaIXlhck-00090-00021464-00021591 while defcon is going on
nYUOaIXlhck-00091-00021592-00021799 please be respectful of the hard work
nYUOaIXlhck-00092-00021800-00021903 they have put in
nYUOaIXlhck-00093-00021904-00022086 into building their discord and getting
nYUOaIXlhck-00094-00022087-00022222 it running um
nYUOaIXlhck-00095-00022223-00022671 and only use it like tomorrow or tuesday
nYUOaIXlhck-00096-00022672-00022975 so take it away rich
nYUOaIXlhck-00097-00022976-00023286 okay cool so this is actually a
nYUOaIXlhck-00098-00023287-00023567 slightly older paper it's from um in
nYUOaIXlhck-00099-00023568-00023735 2017
nYUOaIXlhck-00100-00023736-00023983 uh it is called summoning demons the
nYUOaIXlhck-00101-00023984-00024158 pursuit of exploitable bugs and machine
nYUOaIXlhck-00102-00024159-00024247 learning which
nYUOaIXlhck-00103-00024248-00024455 is probably one of the coolest paper
nYUOaIXlhck-00104-00024456-00024686 titles i've come across in a while
nYUOaIXlhck-00105-00024687-00025047 um and it's by rock stevens and uh tudor
nYUOaIXlhck-00106-00025048-00025158 demetrius's
nYUOaIXlhck-00107-00025159-00025439 group so the basic idea of the paper
nYUOaIXlhck-00108-00025440-00025614 it's kind of an interesting spin
nYUOaIXlhck-00109-00025616-00025927 on the adversary allow male papers uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00110-00025927-00026111 that i think started coming out about
nYUOaIXlhck-00111-00026112-00026239 the same time
nYUOaIXlhck-00112-00026239-00026558 and in this rather than actually like
nYUOaIXlhck-00113-00026560-00026831 using the ml model itself to sort of
nYUOaIXlhck-00114-00026832-00027007 guide inputs
nYUOaIXlhck-00115-00027008-00027311 they're looking for more
nYUOaIXlhck-00116-00027312-00027535 they're more looking for flaws in how
nYUOaIXlhck-00117-00027536-00027727 the different components of the system
nYUOaIXlhck-00118-00027727-00027887 hook up and to do that
nYUOaIXlhck-00119-00027888-00028199 they actually crack out an old classic
nYUOaIXlhck-00120-00028200-00028431 um american fuzzy well the fuzzer and
nYUOaIXlhck-00121-00028432-00028623 they reinstrument a lot of it
nYUOaIXlhck-00122-00028624-00029014 so that weird actions from the
nYUOaIXlhck-00123-00029016-00029255 ml components of the system register as
nYUOaIXlhck-00124-00029256-00029439 crashes to afl
nYUOaIXlhck-00125-00029439-00029718 and so that lets them essentially do
nYUOaIXlhck-00126-00029719-00029927 sort of like a black box adversarial
nYUOaIXlhck-00127-00029927-00030055 attack if you want to think of it that
nYUOaIXlhck-00128-00030056-00030087 way
nYUOaIXlhck-00129-00030088-00030327 against the ml system and what they find
nYUOaIXlhck-00130-00030327-00030502 is that in addition to sort of the usual
nYUOaIXlhck-00131-00030503-00030646 stuff you can get where you have like
nYUOaIXlhck-00132-00030647-00030807 inputs that look like faces that don't
nYUOaIXlhck-00133-00030808-00030943 register as faces because they've had
nYUOaIXlhck-00134-00030944-00031079 some pixels per served
nYUOaIXlhck-00135-00031080-00031302 they also run into like image format
nYUOaIXlhck-00136-00031303-00031558 parsingers where a component of the ml
nYUOaIXlhck-00137-00031560-00031655 system
nYUOaIXlhck-00138-00031656-00031943 uh won't parse for example a face
nYUOaIXlhck-00139-00031944-00032014 correctly
nYUOaIXlhck-00140-00032016-00032183 completely fails to find the face but if
nYUOaIXlhck-00141-00032183-00032414 you open it open it up in other programs
nYUOaIXlhck-00142-00032416-00032583 it actually looks good
nYUOaIXlhck-00143-00032583-00032902 so i i think this is kind of
nYUOaIXlhck-00144-00032903-00033231 um in the vein of the same sort of
nYUOaIXlhck-00145-00033232-00033335 things that um
nYUOaIXlhck-00146-00033336-00033527 ariel herbert voss talks about a lot
nYUOaIXlhck-00147-00033528-00033799 where it's not just attacking the ml
nYUOaIXlhck-00148-00033800-00033943 system itself that's important you've
nYUOaIXlhck-00149-00033944-00034151 got all of these other components
nYUOaIXlhck-00150-00034152-00034407 in the in the pipeline from ingesting
nYUOaIXlhck-00151-00034408-00034567 the actual image all the way through
nYUOaIXlhck-00152-00034568-00034735 feature extraction
nYUOaIXlhck-00153-00034736-00034951 pre-processing and so on and each of
nYUOaIXlhck-00154-00034952-00035111 those is actually a point that you can
nYUOaIXlhck-00155-00035112-00035199 attack and so
nYUOaIXlhck-00156-00035200-00035415 in this paper they're they're basically
nYUOaIXlhck-00157-00035416-00035527 using fuzzing
nYUOaIXlhck-00158-00035528-00035879 as a way to find some of those
nYUOaIXlhck-00159-00035880-00036046 you know broken assumptions or
nYUOaIXlhck-00160-00036047-00036246 breakdowns in the link from from one
nYUOaIXlhck-00161-00036247-00036455 stage of processing to the next
nYUOaIXlhck-00162-00036456-00036695 um and i thought it was a super clever
nYUOaIXlhck-00163-00036696-00036846 paper with a really good name
nYUOaIXlhck-00164-00036847-00037071 and uh they they dig a couple of cvs out
nYUOaIXlhck-00165-00037072-00037174 of it too so
nYUOaIXlhck-00166-00037175-00037527 um super cool application of sort of
nYUOaIXlhck-00167-00037528-00037615 more classic
nYUOaIXlhck-00168-00037616-00037951 security methodology to um
nYUOaIXlhck-00169-00037952-00038174 what from my perspective is kind of an
nYUOaIXlhck-00170-00038175-00038615 adversarial ml problem
nYUOaIXlhck-00171-00038616-00038879 so that's my that's my um i guess like
nYUOaIXlhck-00172-00038880-00039567 two minute summary of the paper
nYUOaIXlhck-00173-00039568-00039735 so i guess maybe to kick off
nYUOaIXlhck-00174-00039736-00040111 conversation um
nYUOaIXlhck-00175-00040112-00040351 is so does this do you feel like does
nYUOaIXlhck-00176-00040352-00040462 anyone have an opinion
nYUOaIXlhck-00177-00040463-00040711 strong opinion one way or the other um
nYUOaIXlhck-00178-00040712-00040887 if this falls into the same
nYUOaIXlhck-00179-00040888-00041190 sort of general field of adversarial ml
nYUOaIXlhck-00180-00041191-00041502 is sort of like gradient-based attacks
nYUOaIXlhck-00181-00041503-00041630 like i'm trying to think of
nYUOaIXlhck-00182-00041631-00041774 the name escapes me off the top of my
nYUOaIXlhck-00183-00041775-00041967 head like um
nYUOaIXlhck-00184-00041968-00042158 fast gradient sign method or like these
nYUOaIXlhck-00185-00042159-00042351 jacobian-based methods or saliency-based
nYUOaIXlhck-00186-00042352-00042446 methods
nYUOaIXlhck-00187-00042447-00042758 um or maybe even like you could almost
nYUOaIXlhck-00188-00042759-00042974 argue it's like a genetic algorithm
nYUOaIXlhck-00189-00042975-00043335 based attack against a particular
nYUOaIXlhck-00190-00043336-00043590 ml pipeline well to be honest i thought
nYUOaIXlhck-00191-00043591-00043767 that adversarial ml covered all this
nYUOaIXlhck-00192-00043768-00043830 already
nYUOaIXlhck-00193-00043831-00044183 i was a bit surprised that it was new um
nYUOaIXlhck-00194-00044184-00044455 yeah it's it's um genetic algorithm
nYUOaIXlhck-00195-00044456-00044615 based because they're using fuzzy lock
nYUOaIXlhck-00196-00044616-00044671 which is
nYUOaIXlhck-00197-00044672-00044830 genetic alkaline based which is also
nYUOaIXlhck-00198-00044831-00045055 interesting because there were
nYUOaIXlhck-00199-00045056-00045383 network uh extensions genetic algorithms
nYUOaIXlhck-00200-00045384-00045511 might be more appropriate if you're
nYUOaIXlhck-00201-00045512-00045695 searching spaces
nYUOaIXlhck-00202-00045696-00045887 so there's some interesting stuff on the
nYUOaIXlhck-00203-00045888-00046007 front that could be done
nYUOaIXlhck-00204-00046008-00047301 i can't want to say what happened next
nYUOaIXlhck-00205-00047302-00047430 [Music]
nYUOaIXlhck-00206-00047431-00047615 you know practical realities of securing
nYUOaIXlhck-00207-00047616-00047886 systems like it seems like a lot more
nYUOaIXlhck-00208-00047887-00048190 uh emphasis right now
nYUOaIXlhck-00209-00048191-00048383 is placed on more theoretical attacks
nYUOaIXlhck-00210-00048384-00048535 where um you know it's
nYUOaIXlhck-00211-00048536-00048695 more so once you have like uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00212-00048696-00048846 uninhibited access to being able to
nYUOaIXlhck-00213-00048847-00048983 query this api
nYUOaIXlhck-00214-00048984-00049118 it's being explored so it's nice to see
nYUOaIXlhck-00215-00049119-00049327 a paper like this that's a bit more than
nYUOaIXlhck-00216-00049328-00049479 all system set of things
nYUOaIXlhck-00217-00049480-00049862 uh because at least from uh like sort of
nYUOaIXlhck-00218-00049863-00050007 health guarantee it seems like a more
nYUOaIXlhck-00219-00050008-00050183 more likely encounter that you'll find
nYUOaIXlhck-00220-00050184-00050223 in
nYUOaIXlhck-00221-00050224-00050574 in the industry yeah i did
nYUOaIXlhck-00222-00050575-00050783 one thing that i did really like was
nYUOaIXlhck-00223-00050784-00050879 their focus
nYUOaIXlhck-00224-00050880-00051190 on implementations rather than just
nYUOaIXlhck-00225-00051191-00051319 theoretical properties right because
nYUOaIXlhck-00226-00051320-00051358 like
nYUOaIXlhck-00227-00051359-00051711 in some sense a uh a fast
nYUOaIXlhck-00228-00051712-00051846 like something like the fast gradient
nYUOaIXlhck-00229-00051847-00052054 sign method would um
nYUOaIXlhck-00230-00052055-00052279 apply to almost any of these models but
nYUOaIXlhck-00231-00052279-00052430 here they're sort of like okay this
nYUOaIXlhck-00232-00052432-00052575 model was instantiated
nYUOaIXlhck-00233-00052576-00052807 in this way and is doing these things
nYUOaIXlhck-00234-00052808-00052975 and now how can we attack
nYUOaIXlhck-00235-00052976-00053199 sort of that specific version of the
nYUOaIXlhck-00236-00053200-00053319 model which i thought was
nYUOaIXlhck-00237-00053320-00053671 is cool because it's yeah it's it's a
nYUOaIXlhck-00238-00053672-00053782 lot less academic
nYUOaIXlhck-00239-00053783-00053903 in some ways and a lot of the
nYUOaIXlhck-00240-00053904-00054135 adversarial ml research seems to be
nYUOaIXlhck-00241-00054136-00054391 very academic still yeah this was like
nYUOaIXlhck-00242-00054391-00054526 down and dirty and how do we attack
nYUOaIXlhck-00243-00054527-00054630 listing
nYUOaIXlhck-00244-00054632-00054935 it's kind of in my vein of stuff
nYUOaIXlhck-00245-00054936-00055094 just look at the system work out how to
nYUOaIXlhck-00246-00055095-00055247 break the system
nYUOaIXlhck-00247-00055248-00055526 don't take it to pieces i loved the way
nYUOaIXlhck-00248-00055527-00055599 that they
nYUOaIXlhck-00249-00055600-00055775 they hacked that little hack on fuzzy
nYUOaIXlhck-00250-00055776-00055959 lop where they went okay we're going to
nYUOaIXlhck-00251-00055960-00056166 take out the things that actually broke
nYUOaIXlhck-00252-00056167-00056303 and then we're going to induce breaks
nYUOaIXlhck-00253-00056304-00056542 for the things we care about
nYUOaIXlhck-00254-00056544-00056750 um yeah changing the target yeah yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-00255-00056751-00056935 changing the target
nYUOaIXlhck-00256-00056936-00057238 it was just beautifully done i i thought
nYUOaIXlhck-00257-00057239-00057550 it would be useful for defense as well
nYUOaIXlhck-00258-00057551-00057830 because we're also looking now at things
nYUOaIXlhck-00259-00057832-00057887 like
nYUOaIXlhck-00260-00057888-00058223 um you know straight work um so britney
nYUOaIXlhck-00261-00058224-00058326 foster costs work
nYUOaIXlhck-00262-00058327-00058679 on attacking with robots what could we
nYUOaIXlhck-00263-00058679-00058742 do
nYUOaIXlhck-00264-00058744-00059142 to screw up their vision systems
nYUOaIXlhck-00265-00059144-00059359 so how how could we we'd be messed up
nYUOaIXlhck-00266-00059360-00059511 there's some beautiful adversarial there
nYUOaIXlhck-00267-00059512-00059687 too
nYUOaIXlhck-00268-00059688-00060063 like they can't see they can't move yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-00269-00060064-00060311 yeah so actually i thought table one in
nYUOaIXlhck-00270-00060312-00060447 this was
nYUOaIXlhck-00271-00060448-00060726 i don't know i'm surprised um it's the
nYUOaIXlhck-00272-00060727-00060823 table one
nYUOaIXlhck-00273-00060824-00061182 flips the table number one it's i think
nYUOaIXlhck-00274-00061183-00061335 it's on page four
nYUOaIXlhck-00275-00061336-00061663 yeah yeah so yeah they actually like
nYUOaIXlhck-00276-00061664-00061847 i feel like again this is very much like
nYUOaIXlhck-00277-00061848-00061975 uh ariel's
nYUOaIXlhck-00278-00061976-00062126 jam right they go over sort of the
nYUOaIXlhck-00279-00062127-00062287 attack surface and the kinds of things
nYUOaIXlhck-00280-00062288-00062438 you can do to it and it reminds me a
nYUOaIXlhck-00281-00062439-00062503 little bit
nYUOaIXlhck-00282-00062504-00062838 of the contest there was so there i
nYUOaIXlhck-00283-00062839-00062959 think it was late
nYUOaIXlhck-00284-00062960-00063175 a late entry to the contest last year
nYUOaIXlhck-00285-00063176-00063319 that was announced at the ai village
nYUOaIXlhck-00286-00063320-00063447 where they were trying to do
nYUOaIXlhck-00287-00063448-00063735 ml evasions and um one guy actually
nYUOaIXlhck-00288-00063736-00063879 found
nYUOaIXlhck-00289-00063879-00064054 essentially a bunch of ways to just
nYUOaIXlhck-00290-00064055-00064271 completely trash the feature extraction
nYUOaIXlhck-00291-00064272-00064526 so that the ml prediction act just
nYUOaIXlhck-00292-00064527-00064615 wouldn't run
nYUOaIXlhck-00293-00064616-00064926 on the samples he uploaded um and so
nYUOaIXlhck-00294-00064927-00065142 yeah he was he was a little upset that
nYUOaIXlhck-00295-00065144-00065311 that that didn't count as a win which i
nYUOaIXlhck-00296-00065312-00065454 think is justifiable right because if
nYUOaIXlhck-00297-00065455-00065526 you can just like
nYUOaIXlhck-00298-00065527-00065791 stop the analysis cold right that's
nYUOaIXlhck-00299-00065792-00066031 almost as good as evading it but yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-00300-00066032-00066223 um it depends what you're trying to do
nYUOaIXlhck-00301-00066224-00066375 if you kind of sneak into a system and
nYUOaIXlhck-00302-00066376-00066526 it's a bunch of systems
nYUOaIXlhck-00303-00066527-00066726 right we just want to you know the usual
nYUOaIXlhck-00304-00066727-00066855 thing get in
nYUOaIXlhck-00305-00066856-00067023 do your thing get out without no
nYUOaIXlhck-00306-00067024-00067231 noticing
nYUOaIXlhck-00307-00067232-00067399 and we we see enough of that in real
nYUOaIXlhck-00308-00067400-00067582 life of the stuff it's like oh crap we
nYUOaIXlhck-00309-00067583-00067806 didn't realize that was a problem
nYUOaIXlhck-00310-00067807-00068126 before someone else adds them like
nYUOaIXlhck-00311-00068127-00068367 there's also another thing for that um
nYUOaIXlhck-00312-00068368-00068535 like if you want to attack the
nYUOaIXlhck-00313-00068536-00068831 ember the ember model with the ember
nYUOaIXlhck-00314-00068832-00068919 data set
nYUOaIXlhck-00315-00068920-00069135 it only looks at your headers and you
nYUOaIXlhck-00316-00069136-00069238 could just change
nYUOaIXlhck-00317-00069239-00069494 other parts like don't even think about
nYUOaIXlhck-00318-00069495-00069687 it in terms of adversarial ml just
nYUOaIXlhck-00319-00069688-00070038 copy like a notepad.exe header
nYUOaIXlhck-00320-00070039-00070391 and just put your own um
nYUOaIXlhck-00321-00070392-00070663 uh entry point function in and start
nYUOaIXlhck-00322-00070664-00070719 launching
nYUOaIXlhck-00323-00070720-00070894 weird stuff from there and that's a
nYUOaIXlhck-00324-00070895-00071071 different way to bypass the thing
nYUOaIXlhck-00325-00071072-00071367 that is also not what academics also not
nYUOaIXlhck-00326-00071368-00071655 aware of um
nYUOaIXlhck-00327-00071656-00071823 yeah so that's sort of like i guess
nYUOaIXlhck-00328-00071824-00072087 that's
nYUOaIXlhck-00329-00072088-00072335 maybe um like uh you could think
nYUOaIXlhck-00330-00072336-00072479 classify that if you're gonna
nYUOaIXlhck-00331-00072480-00072671 i'm gonna screw this up so if if i'm
nYUOaIXlhck-00332-00072672-00072831 getting the terminology wrong security
nYUOaIXlhck-00333-00072832-00072926 people please like
nYUOaIXlhck-00334-00072927-00073094 yell at me but it's almost sort of like
nYUOaIXlhck-00335-00073095-00073279 a logic attack
nYUOaIXlhck-00336-00073280-00073647 on the feature extraction rather than
nYUOaIXlhck-00337-00073648-00073871 what they're doing here which seems to
nYUOaIXlhck-00338-00073872-00073967 be more going for
nYUOaIXlhck-00339-00073968-00074126 for crashes right if you know how the
nYUOaIXlhck-00340-00074127-00074423 feature extraction process works
nYUOaIXlhck-00341-00074424-00074662 then you can sort of write your way
nYUOaIXlhck-00342-00074663-00074855 around it deliberately rather than just
nYUOaIXlhck-00343-00074856-00074975 throwing [__] out and it's
nYUOaIXlhck-00344-00074976-00075087 throwing [__] at it until something
nYUOaIXlhck-00345-00075088-00075311 blows up
nYUOaIXlhck-00346-00075312-00075447 some of it's blowing it up some of it's
nYUOaIXlhck-00347-00075448-00075655 sneaky in the back some of it's like
nYUOaIXlhck-00348-00075656-00075855 sneaking in the back conventionally in
nYUOaIXlhck-00349-00075856-00076111 depending on your system
nYUOaIXlhck-00350-00076112-00076382 the other thing interests me is that
nYUOaIXlhck-00351-00076383-00076679 only some of these became cves
nYUOaIXlhck-00352-00076680-00076911 that the response to the people who are
nYUOaIXlhck-00353-00076912-00077071 responsible for the algorithms
nYUOaIXlhck-00354-00077072-00077262 for some of this was like won't fix and
nYUOaIXlhck-00355-00077263-00077423 who cares
nYUOaIXlhck-00356-00077424-00077703 and that's part of our our journey i
nYUOaIXlhck-00357-00077704-00077823 guess
nYUOaIXlhck-00358-00077824-00078143 is just like every other security thing
nYUOaIXlhck-00359-00078144-00078423 is trying to get people to accept that
nYUOaIXlhck-00360-00078424-00078631 yes you may have to drop a little bit of
nYUOaIXlhck-00361-00078632-00078991 um responsiveness in your system
nYUOaIXlhck-00362-00078992-00079238 but you'll get it more secure and it
nYUOaIXlhck-00363-00079239-00079431 matters
nYUOaIXlhck-00364-00079432-00079719 yeah i'm kind of reminded a little bit
nYUOaIXlhck-00365-00079720-00079887 of some of the argument that went around
nYUOaIXlhck-00366-00079888-00080038 for the uh the proof point
nYUOaIXlhck-00367-00080039-00080247 cve where where people were arguing
nYUOaIXlhck-00368-00080248-00080367 whether or not
nYUOaIXlhck-00369-00080368-00080519 that actually counted as like an
nYUOaIXlhck-00370-00080520-00080743 information leak cv because
nYUOaIXlhck-00371-00080744-00080950 so if if people aren't familiar the
nYUOaIXlhck-00372-00080951-00081062 short version
nYUOaIXlhck-00373-00081063-00081350 is um the people who did it will pierce
nYUOaIXlhck-00374-00081351-00081423 and
nYUOaIXlhck-00375-00081424-00081567 someone whose name i'm forgetting i'm
nYUOaIXlhck-00376-00081568-00081831 sorry uh they found a way to essentially
nYUOaIXlhck-00377-00081832-00081943 like
nYUOaIXlhck-00378-00081944-00082206 send an email through proofpoints um
nYUOaIXlhck-00379-00082207-00082375 spam detection service that would then
nYUOaIXlhck-00380-00082376-00082487 bounce back to them
nYUOaIXlhck-00381-00082488-00082711 and in the header of the email it had a
nYUOaIXlhck-00382-00082712-00082982 score for for house family it looked
nYUOaIXlhck-00383-00082983-00083294 and so that essentially was the
nYUOaIXlhck-00384-00083295-00083423 information like the fact that they
nYUOaIXlhck-00385-00083424-00083550 could get that score back and that was
nYUOaIXlhck-00386-00083551-00083694 enough for them to rebuild
nYUOaIXlhck-00387-00083695-00083999 essentially a proxy model for it um
nYUOaIXlhck-00388-00084000-00084350 and yeah over on in in various like ai
nYUOaIXlhck-00389-00084351-00084535 village discussion channels we had
nYUOaIXlhck-00390-00084536-00084831 um very strong debates over whether or
nYUOaIXlhck-00391-00084832-00084943 not that actually
nYUOaIXlhck-00392-00084944-00085094 should have counted as like an
nYUOaIXlhck-00393-00085095-00085247 information like cve
nYUOaIXlhck-00394-00085248-00085606 because you know it's in a lot of cases
nYUOaIXlhck-00395-00085607-00085775 it's useful contextual information
nYUOaIXlhck-00396-00085776-00086031 but when you look at it in an ml context
nYUOaIXlhck-00397-00086032-00086182 you're actually enabling like a model
nYUOaIXlhck-00398-00086183-00086367 stealing attack
nYUOaIXlhck-00399-00086368-00086567 which again it's one of these we're kind
nYUOaIXlhck-00400-00086568-00086726 of in new territory as far as the
nYUOaIXlhck-00401-00086727-00086975 security of these ml-based systems goes
nYUOaIXlhck-00402-00086976-00087023 and
nYUOaIXlhck-00403-00087024-00087287 and a lot of people that are more
nYUOaIXlhck-00404-00087288-00087438 familiar with conventional security
nYUOaIXlhck-00405-00087439-00087550 maybe don't
nYUOaIXlhck-00406-00087551-00087806 quite get what these various information
nYUOaIXlhck-00407-00087807-00087855 leaks
nYUOaIXlhck-00408-00087856-00088215 or attack surfaces could do
nYUOaIXlhck-00409-00088216-00088535 once you wrap it in like how
nYUOaIXlhck-00410-00088536-00088838 how analysis-based systems work and i
nYUOaIXlhck-00411-00088839-00089023 think another thing we get out of this
nYUOaIXlhck-00412-00089024-00089326 is by doing this sort of attack we start
nYUOaIXlhck-00413-00089327-00089671 showing where the things that break up
nYUOaIXlhck-00414-00089672-00089831 and one of the things i'd love about the
nYUOaIXlhck-00415-00089832-00090023 fact that mlsec exists is it makes
nYUOaIXlhck-00416-00090024-00090206 machine learning better
nYUOaIXlhck-00417-00090207-00090479 um just by dents of the the spotlight we
nYUOaIXlhck-00418-00090480-00090662 throw on it you chuck hackers at it
nYUOaIXlhck-00419-00090663-00090847 they take it to pieces to show you where
nYUOaIXlhck-00420-00090848-00091006 it's broken
nYUOaIXlhck-00421-00091007-00091191 and hell we spend most of our life
nYUOaIXlhck-00422-00091192-00091431 trying to get our damn systems to work
nYUOaIXlhck-00423-00091432-00091535 but i'm going to give you a little bit
nYUOaIXlhck-00424-00091536-00091894 of history i'm old
nYUOaIXlhck-00425-00091895-00092118 yep jump in for just a second um i just
nYUOaIXlhck-00426-00092119-00092335 saw in the discord chat so it was will
nYUOaIXlhck-00427-00092336-00092391 pierce
nYUOaIXlhck-00428-00092392-00092671 and nick landers who got the proof point
nYUOaIXlhck-00429-00092672-00092879 cv so i'm i'm very sorry that i forgot
nYUOaIXlhck-00430-00092880-00092935 your name
nYUOaIXlhck-00431-00092936-00093255 nick okay sorry carry on i was just
nYUOaIXlhck-00432-00093256-00093367 going to say about sort of
nYUOaIXlhck-00433-00093368-00093526 um some things to find is that it's
nYUOaIXlhck-00434-00093527-00093750 double float precision thing
nYUOaIXlhck-00435-00093751-00094103 so way back before we had
nYUOaIXlhck-00436-00094104-00094279 i think we had python but we sure as
nYUOaIXlhck-00437-00094280-00094487 hell didn't have psychic learner friends
nYUOaIXlhck-00438-00094488-00094862 we had matplotlib i'm not not map
nYUOaIXlhck-00439-00094863-00095015 we use matlab for a hell of a lot of
nYUOaIXlhck-00440-00095016-00095199 machine learning stuff
nYUOaIXlhck-00441-00095200-00095367 and there was a new network kit in the
nYUOaIXlhck-00442-00095368-00095503 matlab
nYUOaIXlhck-00443-00095504-00095671 and that neural network kit suffered
nYUOaIXlhck-00444-00095672-00095959 horrendously from underflow errors
nYUOaIXlhck-00445-00095960-00096126 that you could break it really really
nYUOaIXlhck-00446-00096127-00096311 really easily so aston university built
nYUOaIXlhck-00447-00096312-00096447 its own
nYUOaIXlhck-00448-00096448-00096647 they bought a separate kit because they
nYUOaIXlhck-00449-00096648-00096862 couldn't get the first one fixed
nYUOaIXlhck-00450-00096863-00097047 i mean this this sort of stuff like the
nYUOaIXlhck-00451-00097048-00097279 floats of double errors
nYUOaIXlhck-00452-00097280-00097518 i mean i mean crossing my fingers that
nYUOaIXlhck-00453-00097519-00097655 actually
nYUOaIXlhck-00454-00097656-00097959 all of those hidden faults
nYUOaIXlhck-00455-00097960-00098087 that are probably still going on with
nYUOaIXlhck-00456-00098088-00098303 neural network stuff and deep learning
nYUOaIXlhck-00457-00098304-00098462 we're not even noticing because we just
nYUOaIXlhck-00458-00098463-00098647 trust the systems
nYUOaIXlhck-00459-00098648-00098959 yeah i mean even even in python right
nYUOaIXlhck-00460-00098960-00099206 like under the hood a ton of these
nYUOaIXlhck-00461-00099207-00099374 neural network libraries and
nYUOaIXlhck-00462-00099375-00099759 pi torch at least sklearn as well
nYUOaIXlhck-00463-00099760-00100103 use pickle which is just
nYUOaIXlhck-00464-00100104-00100326 broken kind of by default right it's a
nYUOaIXlhck-00465-00100327-00100462 stack machine that you can write
nYUOaIXlhck-00466-00100463-00100631 arbitrary code for
nYUOaIXlhck-00467-00100632-00100959 and yeah people still
nYUOaIXlhck-00468-00100960-00101182 share weight files uh that are
nYUOaIXlhck-00469-00101183-00101303 essentially pickles
nYUOaIXlhck-00470-00101304-00101479 and so you know you're downloading this
nYUOaIXlhck-00471-00101480-00101623 off the internet and
nYUOaIXlhck-00472-00101624-00101767 running code and i keep threatening one
nYUOaIXlhck-00473-00101768-00101894 of these days i'm actually going to
nYUOaIXlhck-00474-00101895-00101982 write a
nYUOaIXlhck-00475-00101983-00102287 a pickle poisoner that is just like
nYUOaIXlhck-00476-00102288-00102527 replaces calls to like the relu function
nYUOaIXlhck-00477-00102528-00102734 with like some sort of stochastic
nYUOaIXlhck-00478-00102735-00102902 function so that half the time it works
nYUOaIXlhck-00479-00102903-00103199 and half the time it gives you garbage
nYUOaIXlhck-00480-00103200-00103471 comment from a comment from discord yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-00481-00103472-00103710 numpy as well uses pickles so it's it's
nYUOaIXlhck-00482-00103711-00103878 everywhere carrots yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-00483-00103879-00104254 is that what the save file is
nYUOaIXlhck-00484-00104255-00104527 not the number i say file i thought that
nYUOaIXlhck-00485-00104528-00104647 was secured
nYUOaIXlhck-00486-00104648-00104847 i'm not sure i know i'm pretty sure it
nYUOaIXlhck-00487-00104848-00104958 has one
nYUOaIXlhck-00488-00104959-00105295 um one pickle thing in there one or two
nYUOaIXlhck-00489-00105296-00105647 it's got one or two formats that um yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-00490-00105648-00105878 that are not apparently there's a couple
nYUOaIXlhck-00491-00105879-00106078 that the the psychic learn volume that
nYUOaIXlhck-00492-00106079-00106175 these guys found
nYUOaIXlhck-00493-00106176-00106454 uh was numpy was part of that i'm just
nYUOaIXlhck-00494-00106455-00106639 flicking to the page page seven at the
nYUOaIXlhck-00495-00106640-00106943 bottom if you're reading along with us
nYUOaIXlhck-00496-00106944-00107071 one interesting thing is that they
nYUOaIXlhck-00497-00107072-00107223 weren't able to induce like
nYUOaIXlhck-00498-00107224-00107343 misclassification
nYUOaIXlhck-00499-00107344-00107615 or uh from the uh precision loss of
nYUOaIXlhck-00500-00107616-00107751 problems so they they try to
nYUOaIXlhck-00501-00107752-00107902 different values of epsilon basically so
nYUOaIXlhck-00502-00107903-00108119 that it's possible in theory but
nYUOaIXlhck-00503-00108120-00108271 it's interesting to consider how would
nYUOaIXlhck-00504-00108272-00108454 you model um that epsilon
nYUOaIXlhck-00505-00108455-00108775 to be based on this attack to
nYUOaIXlhck-00506-00108776-00109519 reduce this magnification
nYUOaIXlhck-00507-00109520-00109839 how much of this is induced by uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00508-00109840-00110015 basically all the machine learning code
nYUOaIXlhck-00509-00110016-00110158 is written by academics and over
nYUOaIXlhck-00510-00110159-00110319 enthusiasm
nYUOaIXlhck-00511-00110320-00110719 like enthusiastic academics lt
nYUOaIXlhck-00512-00110720-00111063 um who aren't experienced and
nYUOaIXlhck-00513-00111064-00111319 like it's incredibly hard to write
nYUOaIXlhck-00514-00111320-00111495 numerically efficient code
nYUOaIXlhck-00515-00111496-00111663 so you don't have time to like really
nYUOaIXlhck-00516-00111664-00111886 learn how to like multiply matrices
nYUOaIXlhck-00517-00111888-00112166 incredibly efficiently and make sure you
nYUOaIXlhck-00518-00112167-00112199 open
nYUOaIXlhck-00519-00112200-00112575 files correctly so you've we've chosen a
nYUOaIXlhck-00520-00112576-00112743 lot of lazy paths
nYUOaIXlhck-00521-00112744-00113054 to formatting and opening things
nYUOaIXlhck-00522-00113055-00113390 versus secure paths and
nYUOaIXlhck-00523-00113391-00113534 and also you've got tiny numbers and
nYUOaIXlhck-00524-00113535-00113743 people don't i mean you go waiting on in
nYUOaIXlhck-00525-00113744-00113910 build your stuff and don't think about
nYUOaIXlhck-00526-00113911-00114054 how those numbers interact
nYUOaIXlhck-00527-00114055-00114175 you just assume the system is going to
nYUOaIXlhck-00528-00114176-00114383 magically deal with it
nYUOaIXlhck-00529-00114383-00114551 yeah and i mean there's also the fact
nYUOaIXlhck-00530-00114552-00114710 that
nYUOaIXlhck-00531-00114711-00115071 writing secure code is very much its own
nYUOaIXlhck-00532-00115072-00115183 skill set
nYUOaIXlhck-00533-00115183-00115486 right you've got you know
nYUOaIXlhck-00534-00115488-00115639 some people are writing research code
nYUOaIXlhck-00535-00115640-00115831 because they don't expect it to be used
nYUOaIXlhck-00536-00115832-00115983 in anger they don't expect it to be used
nYUOaIXlhck-00537-00115983-00116175 in a production context some people
nYUOaIXlhck-00538-00116176-00116358 are writing numerically efficient code
nYUOaIXlhck-00539-00116359-00116534 because that's their jam and god bless
nYUOaIXlhck-00540-00116535-00116623 them
nYUOaIXlhck-00541-00116624-00116927 um and then you've got sort of
nYUOaIXlhck-00542-00116928-00117231 security people who are
nYUOaIXlhck-00543-00117232-00117431 probably gazing at a lot of this with
nYUOaIXlhck-00544-00117432-00117607 sort of a feeling of vague horror that
nYUOaIXlhck-00545-00117608-00117902 they're actually going into production
nYUOaIXlhck-00546-00117903-00118199 yeah i know even um yeah in my in my day
nYUOaIXlhck-00547-00118200-00118390 job right a lot of
nYUOaIXlhck-00548-00118391-00118551 what we've been doing recently is sort
nYUOaIXlhck-00549-00118552-00118727 of going back and and
nYUOaIXlhck-00550-00118728-00118975 like rethinking how all of this stuff is
nYUOaIXlhck-00551-00118976-00119143 put together so that we can
nYUOaIXlhck-00552-00119144-00119327 like feel confident in actually like
nYUOaIXlhck-00553-00119328-00119463 pushing out products containing
nYUOaIXlhck-00554-00119464-00119734 it there's a middle ground where you can
nYUOaIXlhck-00555-00119735-00119910 enable basically more flexible
nYUOaIXlhck-00556-00119911-00120110 code but also execute it in a way that's
nYUOaIXlhck-00557-00120111-00120375 uh perhaps minimizes the blast radius
nYUOaIXlhck-00558-00120376-00120407 and
nYUOaIXlhck-00559-00120408-00120519 i mean i don't mean put it in a
nYUOaIXlhck-00560-00120520-00120647 container obviously but it's uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00561-00120648-00120727 something more
nYUOaIXlhck-00562-00120728-00120958 uh to line up like writing code and
nYUOaIXlhck-00563-00120959-00121134 secure enclaves for instance the work
nYUOaIXlhck-00564-00121135-00121166 with
nYUOaIXlhck-00565-00121167-00121534 uh silo uh uh that type of workflows or
nYUOaIXlhck-00566-00121535-00121814 do you see anything where um you try to
nYUOaIXlhck-00567-00121815-00121863 mitigate
nYUOaIXlhck-00568-00121864-00122102 the impacts of this code and could we
nYUOaIXlhck-00569-00122103-00122286 have code checkers i mean literally
nYUOaIXlhck-00570-00122288-00122551 just some way some sort of test data
nYUOaIXlhck-00571-00122552-00122639 sets
nYUOaIXlhck-00572-00122640-00122790 but we know this stuff is bad run it
nYUOaIXlhck-00573-00122791-00122990 through through your system
nYUOaIXlhck-00574-00122991-00123351 yeah but yeah i mean we
nYUOaIXlhck-00575-00123352-00123727 i i had a great amount of fun um
nYUOaIXlhck-00576-00123728-00123951 again at my day job actually like taking
nYUOaIXlhck-00577-00123952-00124143 our feature extraction code and fuzzing
nYUOaIXlhck-00578-00124144-00124302 it just to see what would happen with it
nYUOaIXlhck-00579-00124303-00124431 and you know fortunately it turned out
nYUOaIXlhck-00580-00124432-00124471 that
nYUOaIXlhck-00581-00124472-00124766 that it you know i spent more time than
nYUOaIXlhck-00582-00124767-00124902 i care to think of
nYUOaIXlhck-00583-00124903-00125127 beating on it and it it turned out fine
nYUOaIXlhck-00584-00125128-00125214 but
nYUOaIXlhck-00585-00125215-00125383 yeah like if it hadn't what would we
nYUOaIXlhck-00586-00125383-00125599 have done then right it would have been
nYUOaIXlhck-00587-00125600-00125766 and i think the idea of like building
nYUOaIXlhck-00588-00125767-00125958 test vectors of just like
nYUOaIXlhck-00589-00125959-00126271 you know really bizarre but technically
nYUOaIXlhck-00590-00126272-00126399 conforming files
nYUOaIXlhck-00591-00126400-00126583 for this sort of thing is is an awesome
nYUOaIXlhck-00592-00126583-00126766 idea
nYUOaIXlhck-00593-00126767-00127078 but extending that to the
nYUOaIXlhck-00594-00127079-00127271 actual data science part like how often
nYUOaIXlhck-00595-00127272-00127390 have you
nYUOaIXlhck-00596-00127391-00127583 issued a pr about some data science
nYUOaIXlhck-00597-00127583-00127719 thing and
nYUOaIXlhck-00598-00127720-00127910 sent it to someone and they're gone it
nYUOaIXlhck-00599-00127911-00128134 looks good to me
nYUOaIXlhck-00600-00128135-00128310 uh but likes a lot of this stuff like
nYUOaIXlhck-00601-00128311-00128447 there's some stuff that you can check
nYUOaIXlhck-00602-00128448-00128527 easily but like
nYUOaIXlhck-00603-00128528-00128847 a lot of the uh like a
nYUOaIXlhck-00604-00128848-00129078 burp like the code that goes into bert
nYUOaIXlhck-00605-00129079-00129278 is incredibly complicated
nYUOaIXlhck-00606-00129279-00129527 very hard to check when you make a small
nYUOaIXlhck-00607-00129528-00129654 change you could have broken things
nYUOaIXlhck-00608-00129655-00129758 fundamentally because
nYUOaIXlhck-00609-00129759-00130199 it's uh you know software
nYUOaIXlhck-00610-00130200-00130454 how do you like write a unit test for i
nYUOaIXlhck-00611-00130455-00130647 broke bert when you put this one slight
nYUOaIXlhck-00612-00130648-00130686 thing
nYUOaIXlhck-00613-00130688-00131047 and now it causes this whole class of
nYUOaIXlhck-00614-00131048-00131214 things to be uh false positives
nYUOaIXlhck-00615-00131215-00131551 false negatives
nYUOaIXlhck-00616-00131552-00131735 like how do you yeah i mean there's
nYUOaIXlhck-00617-00131736-00131854 learning
nYUOaIXlhck-00618-00131855-00132166 there's a i mean you can do um
nYUOaIXlhck-00619-00132167-00132399 i mean essentially you do test vectors
nYUOaIXlhck-00620-00132400-00132502 right
nYUOaIXlhck-00621-00132503-00132823 you say you know if i load because
nYUOaIXlhck-00622-00132824-00133007 the weights you can consider the weights
nYUOaIXlhck-00623-00133008-00133135 are obviously like part of the model you
nYUOaIXlhck-00624-00133136-00133271 say i've got this set of weights if i
nYUOaIXlhck-00625-00133272-00133383 load in
nYUOaIXlhck-00626-00133384-00133614 you know this set of features i should
nYUOaIXlhck-00627-00133615-00133823 get this exact set of outputs up to like
nYUOaIXlhck-00628-00133824-00133983 numerical precision which
nYUOaIXlhck-00629-00133984-00134199 again it's it's numerical precision is
nYUOaIXlhck-00630-00134200-00134431 is kind of its own nightmare but
nYUOaIXlhck-00631-00134432-00134647 um yeah but then if you change the
nYUOaIXlhck-00632-00134648-00134759 weights right
nYUOaIXlhck-00633-00134760-00134959 then then kind of all bets are off and
nYUOaIXlhck-00634-00134960-00135135 that's that's like the
nYUOaIXlhck-00635-00135136-00135351 one of the painful things about
nYUOaIXlhck-00636-00135352-00135478 debugging
nYUOaIXlhck-00637-00135479-00135702 ml even when you're not under
nYUOaIXlhck-00638-00135703-00135854 adversarial conditions
nYUOaIXlhck-00639-00135855-00136190 is just i retrained the model um
nYUOaIXlhck-00640-00136191-00136431 how do it do i still trust it i mean
nYUOaIXlhck-00641-00136432-00136559 there's a difference between
nYUOaIXlhck-00642-00136560-00136727 i messed up my models which is like we
nYUOaIXlhck-00643-00136728-00136943 do this all the time and somebody is
nYUOaIXlhck-00644-00136944-00137143 actively trying to attack my models or
nYUOaIXlhck-00645-00137144-00137175 may
nYUOaIXlhck-00646-00137176-00137359 actively try to attack my models using
nYUOaIXlhck-00647-00137360-00137566 known known vulnerabilities
nYUOaIXlhck-00648-00137567-00137719 because sure as hell health and systems
nYUOaIXlhck-00649-00137720-00137990 out there haven't patched any of this
nYUOaIXlhck-00650-00137991-00138247 but how many machine learning developers
nYUOaIXlhck-00651-00138248-00138311 even know
nYUOaIXlhck-00652-00138312-00138543 unit testing or even know good software
nYUOaIXlhck-00653-00138544-00138614 practices
nYUOaIXlhck-00654-00138615-00138775 like they can't a lot of us came from
nYUOaIXlhck-00655-00138776-00138999 academia i have a phd in math not
nYUOaIXlhck-00656-00139000-00139199 software engineering
nYUOaIXlhck-00657-00139200-00139463 so i have a uh a philosophical question
nYUOaIXlhck-00658-00139464-00139639 i want to pose to the panel from
nYUOaIXlhck-00659-00139640-00139951 uh discord um and yaga asks
nYUOaIXlhck-00660-00139952-00140254 what is on a terror and oh sorry what's
nYUOaIXlhck-00661-00140255-00140383 a terror
nYUOaIXlhck-00662-00140384-00140639 this is terror right here um what is an
nYUOaIXlhck-00663-00140640-00140790 error and what's an attack
nYUOaIXlhck-00664-00140791-00141159 and like is there any meaningful
nYUOaIXlhck-00665-00141160-00141335 distinction between the two i guess i
nYUOaIXlhck-00666-00141336-00141623 would follow up
nYUOaIXlhck-00667-00141624-00141799 i think if you're looking at adversarial
nYUOaIXlhck-00668-00141800-00141975 images i mean the fact you have like the
nYUOaIXlhck-00669-00141976-00142151 little image patches to screw up your
nYUOaIXlhck-00670-00142152-00142199 system
nYUOaIXlhck-00671-00142200-00142535 is an attack it's not an error you just
nYUOaIXlhck-00672-00142536-00142751 don't randomly get sort of extra patches
nYUOaIXlhck-00673-00142752-00142943 on a stop sign
nYUOaIXlhck-00674-00142944-00143087 yeah no matter how much undergrowth
nYUOaIXlhck-00675-00143088-00143287 you've got on it i i think the
nYUOaIXlhck-00676-00143288-00143623 difference is intention yeah i mean
nYUOaIXlhck-00677-00143624-00143654 that's
nYUOaIXlhck-00678-00143655-00143814 the same thing in security right bugs
nYUOaIXlhck-00679-00143815-00144014 can be exp i mean
nYUOaIXlhck-00680-00144015-00144223 exploits are essentially software bugs
nYUOaIXlhck-00681-00144224-00144431 right or i don't maybe that's being too
nYUOaIXlhck-00682-00144432-00144590 general but if you
nYUOaIXlhck-00683-00144591-00144799 you know a subset of software bugs or
nYUOaIXlhck-00684-00144800-00144975 exploits and you use them to
nYUOaIXlhck-00685-00144976-00145231 make the system do things you don't want
nYUOaIXlhck-00686-00145232-00145359 it it shouldn't be doing
nYUOaIXlhck-00687-00145360-00145695 under normal circumstances i wasn't
nYUOaIXlhck-00688-00145696-00145831 intended to be doing
nYUOaIXlhck-00689-00145832-00146054 yeah right and sometimes they're useful
nYUOaIXlhck-00690-00146055-00146207 like
nYUOaIXlhck-00691-00146208-00146407 would you consider a well-informed
nYUOaIXlhck-00692-00146408-00146526 person building an
nYUOaIXlhck-00693-00146527-00146775 attack against a uh machine learning
nYUOaIXlhck-00694-00146776-00146919 system where they understand the machine
nYUOaIXlhck-00695-00146920-00147023 learning system they understand the
nYUOaIXlhck-00696-00147024-00147190 feature extract and all that stuff and
nYUOaIXlhck-00697-00147191-00147254 they have
nYUOaIXlhck-00698-00147255-00147439 and they've built us an a you know a
nYUOaIXlhck-00699-00147440-00147631 false positive
nYUOaIXlhck-00700-00147632-00147854 um is that an adversarial attack against
nYUOaIXlhck-00701-00147855-00148014 the machine learning or is that like an
nYUOaIXlhck-00702-00148015-00148159 exploit
nYUOaIXlhck-00703-00148160-00148390 uh like where would you classify the
nYUOaIXlhck-00704-00148391-00148463 mistake
nYUOaIXlhck-00705-00148464-00148783 is it like a software mistake or the or
nYUOaIXlhck-00706-00148784-00148863 a
nYUOaIXlhck-00707-00148864-00149166 exploit or what
nYUOaIXlhck-00708-00149167-00149343 i think that's the tricky bit about ml
nYUOaIXlhck-00709-00149344-00149519 models right yeah i mean
nYUOaIXlhck-00710-00149520-00150031 they're inherently statistical so
nYUOaIXlhck-00711-00150032-00150175 it kind of gets back to like testing
nYUOaIXlhck-00712-00150176-00150335 after you retrain it right so
nYUOaIXlhck-00713-00150336-00150671 i might if if you if you
nYUOaIXlhck-00714-00150672-00150902 have a single example and it turns out
nYUOaIXlhck-00715-00150903-00151039 to be a false positive
nYUOaIXlhck-00716-00151040-00151199 and that's maybe that's one of the
nYUOaIXlhck-00717-00151200-00151414 bridges that i feel like as a data
nYUOaIXlhck-00718-00151415-00151526 scientist i have to
nYUOaIXlhck-00719-00151527-00151695 to cross a lot when i'm talking to
nYUOaIXlhck-00720-00151696-00151839 security specialists
nYUOaIXlhck-00721-00151840-00152078 if i have a model and fps on a single
nYUOaIXlhck-00722-00152079-00152199 file
nYUOaIXlhck-00723-00152200-00152407 that doesn't call into question the
nYUOaIXlhck-00724-00152408-00152575 efficacy of the model right you have to
nYUOaIXlhck-00725-00152576-00152719 look at the statistics
nYUOaIXlhck-00726-00152720-00152895 of what the model does right if you say
nYUOaIXlhck-00727-00152896-00153159 well yeah it got this fp and that was a
nYUOaIXlhck-00728-00153160-00153335 pretty boneheaded fp
nYUOaIXlhck-00729-00153336-00153678 but for 99 detection you get
nYUOaIXlhck-00730-00153679-00154014 one fp and in 10 000 you know
nYUOaIXlhck-00731-00154015-00154254 negative samples that's a pretty good
nYUOaIXlhck-00732-00154255-00154343 model
nYUOaIXlhck-00733-00154344-00154687 and so being able to sort of like drive
nYUOaIXlhck-00734-00154688-00154887 that switch from hey here's the
nYUOaIXlhck-00735-00154888-00155199 you know here's the good bad um to
nYUOaIXlhck-00736-00155200-00155343 hey you know you have to think of this
nYUOaIXlhck-00737-00155344-00155551 sort of heuristically and statistically
nYUOaIXlhck-00738-00155552-00155614 uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00739-00155615-00155831 is is a big part of just like
nYUOaIXlhck-00740-00155832-00155999 communicating as a data scientist i
nYUOaIXlhck-00741-00156000-00156071 think
nYUOaIXlhck-00742-00156072-00156414 but i mean sorry go ahead sir yeah if
nYUOaIXlhck-00743-00156415-00156559 you've got somebody actively attacking
nYUOaIXlhck-00744-00156560-00156759 then maybe some pre-processing is enough
nYUOaIXlhck-00745-00156760-00156839 to
nYUOaIXlhck-00746-00156840-00157102 to cut down the attacks yeah yeah for
nYUOaIXlhck-00747-00157103-00157183 sure right oh
nYUOaIXlhck-00748-00157184-00157326 yeah all of that goes out the window
nYUOaIXlhck-00749-00157327-00157511 when you've got someone maliciously
nYUOaIXlhck-00750-00157512-00157575 trying
nYUOaIXlhck-00751-00157576-00157902 to yeah yeah but
nYUOaIXlhck-00752-00157903-00158190 so my question is so if you have like a
nYUOaIXlhck-00753-00158191-00158271 fancy
nYUOaIXlhck-00754-00158272-00158743 ml okay from an academic paper bypass of
nYUOaIXlhck-00755-00158744-00159135 your model where versus
nYUOaIXlhck-00756-00159136-00159702 someone trying things like what would be
nYUOaIXlhck-00757-00159703-00159878 when is it like a machine learning
nYUOaIXlhck-00758-00159879-00160071 mistake or versus a like
nYUOaIXlhck-00759-00160072-00160399 a mistake in your featurizer and stuff
nYUOaIXlhck-00760-00160400-00160695 if you look at the decision boundary
nYUOaIXlhck-00761-00160696-00160799 basically for something
nYUOaIXlhck-00762-00160800-00161047 and like seeing how the perturbations uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00763-00161048-00161239 relate to that
nYUOaIXlhck-00764-00161240-00161559 yeah i kind of feel like maybe to pull
nYUOaIXlhck-00765-00161560-00161719 it back to this paper
nYUOaIXlhck-00766-00161720-00162071 a little bit if
nYUOaIXlhck-00767-00162072-00162366 it gets through your feature extraction
nYUOaIXlhck-00768-00162367-00162439 process
nYUOaIXlhck-00769-00162440-00162759 in one shape or if
nYUOaIXlhck-00770-00162760-00163135 it like in one piece then maybe like
nYUOaIXlhck-00771-00163136-00163311 it's a modeling issue and if it like
nYUOaIXlhck-00772-00163312-00163495 crashes your future extraction
nYUOaIXlhck-00773-00163496-00163799 process or it gives you something that
nYUOaIXlhck-00774-00163800-00164023 like you wouldn't expect from your
nYUOaIXlhck-00775-00164024-00164190 feature extraction process
nYUOaIXlhck-00776-00164191-00164390 then then it's then it's a featurization
nYUOaIXlhck-00777-00164391-00164543 bug right like
nYUOaIXlhck-00778-00164544-00164759 if you if you feed garbage into a model
nYUOaIXlhck-00779-00164760-00164895 you can't blame the model for
nYUOaIXlhck-00780-00164896-00165199 producing garbage outputs which how
nYUOaIXlhck-00781-00165200-00165247 would you
nYUOaIXlhck-00782-00165248-00165366 basically what are some methods for
nYUOaIXlhck-00783-00165367-00165566 quantifying like uh unexpectedness in
nYUOaIXlhck-00784-00165567-00165711 this scenario is it more like error
nYUOaIXlhck-00785-00165712-00165759 counts
nYUOaIXlhck-00786-00165760-00166063 or like uh latencies in response like
nYUOaIXlhck-00787-00166064-00166214 what would you pay attention to if you
nYUOaIXlhck-00788-00166215-00166375 were trying to understand
nYUOaIXlhck-00789-00166376-00166823 um if something was misbehaving
nYUOaIXlhck-00790-00166824-00167047 you know what when you see it yeah like
nYUOaIXlhck-00791-00167048-00167135 if you take a look in the
nYUOaIXlhck-00792-00167136-00167278 in the paper right they've got an
nYUOaIXlhck-00793-00167279-00167438 example i want to find it
nYUOaIXlhck-00794-00167439-00167783 um figure two right so they show an
nYUOaIXlhck-00795-00167784-00167983 example of two different images
nYUOaIXlhck-00796-00167984-00168351 one is an image of uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00797-00168352-00168559 sort of the very top of a person's head
nYUOaIXlhck-00798-00168560-00168743 and then the rest of it is gray
nYUOaIXlhck-00799-00168744-00169014 and one is a picture of a person's
nYUOaIXlhck-00800-00169015-00169278 person said yes there you go thank you
nYUOaIXlhck-00801-00169279-00169702 um h6 right so opencv has a bug that
nYUOaIXlhck-00802-00169703-00169807 these guys found
nYUOaIXlhck-00803-00169808-00170135 by their uh guided fuzzing technique
nYUOaIXlhck-00804-00170136-00170502 which means that opencv can't properly
nYUOaIXlhck-00805-00170503-00170663 load the file and then you run it
nYUOaIXlhck-00806-00170664-00170775 obviously you run it through feature
nYUOaIXlhck-00807-00170776-00170943 extraction and it doesn't
nYUOaIXlhck-00808-00170944-00171214 get anywhere so it's like all these
nYUOaIXlhck-00809-00171215-00171351 different individual components that you
nYUOaIXlhck-00810-00171352-00171456 got to worry about right
nYUOaIXlhck-00811-00171457-00171631 [Music]
nYUOaIXlhck-00812-00171632-00171895 but i think on that topic there was a
nYUOaIXlhck-00813-00171896-00172102 from hacker factor in discord he's got a
nYUOaIXlhck-00814-00172103-00172254 question are you making a distinction
nYUOaIXlhck-00815-00172255-00172407 between the ml model
nYUOaIXlhck-00816-00172408-00172583 versus software that drives the ml
nYUOaIXlhck-00817-00172584-00172783 system um he says fundamental error
nYUOaIXlhck-00818-00172784-00172895 versus algorithmic
nYUOaIXlhck-00819-00172896-00173166 and i i think here right this is what
nYUOaIXlhck-00820-00173167-00173302 this paper is going
nYUOaIXlhck-00821-00173303-00173438 going after right it's saying the
nYUOaIXlhck-00822-00173439-00173638 software that drives the ml system the
nYUOaIXlhck-00823-00173639-00173854 implementation of the system
nYUOaIXlhck-00824-00173855-00174038 also has bugs and they find them here
nYUOaIXlhck-00825-00174039-00174199 and you know if you go to
nYUOaIXlhck-00826-00174200-00174559 table table two right they've got
nYUOaIXlhck-00827-00174560-00174807 in opencv they've got like two heap
nYUOaIXlhck-00828-00174808-00174895 corruptions
nYUOaIXlhck-00829-00174896-00175071 they've got a weird rendering bug that
nYUOaIXlhck-00830-00175072-00175238 they found
nYUOaIXlhck-00831-00175239-00175566 page six thank you yeah um right so
nYUOaIXlhck-00832-00175567-00175726 all these different like they literally
nYUOaIXlhck-00833-00175727-00175911 have like heap corruption bugs that
nYUOaIXlhck-00834-00175912-00176047 they're discovering with these
nYUOaIXlhck-00835-00176048-00176351 funky inputs um and that has nothing to
nYUOaIXlhck-00836-00176352-00176487 do with the model that's
nYUOaIXlhck-00837-00176488-00176654 you're attacking the plumbing around the
nYUOaIXlhck-00838-00176655-00176854 model which is
nYUOaIXlhck-00839-00176855-00177047 but you can use that plumbing to go and
nYUOaIXlhck-00840-00177048-00177254 tweak the model
nYUOaIXlhck-00841-00177255-00177454 right exactly yeah so that's that's what
nYUOaIXlhck-00842-00177455-00177687 the um the third line down does that's
nYUOaIXlhck-00843-00177688-00177807 the the figure
nYUOaIXlhck-00844-00177808-00177990 figure one figure two i forgot figure
nYUOaIXlhck-00845-00177991-00178143 two with the
nYUOaIXlhck-00846-00178144-00178431 yeah yeah so you break the rendering and
nYUOaIXlhck-00847-00178432-00178495 then
nYUOaIXlhck-00848-00178496-00178663 your the rendering goes to the feature
nYUOaIXlhck-00849-00178664-00178814 extraction and feature extraction can't
nYUOaIXlhck-00850-00178815-00178926 get anything because it's just got a
nYUOaIXlhck-00851-00178927-00179023 bunch of gray
nYUOaIXlhck-00852-00179024-00179271 pixels to look at and then the model
nYUOaIXlhck-00853-00179272-00179423 right garbage and garbage out the model
nYUOaIXlhck-00854-00179424-00179526 can't do anything because it doesn't
nYUOaIXlhck-00855-00179527-00179566 have
nYUOaIXlhck-00856-00179567-00179943 good features so i'm going to try to
nYUOaIXlhck-00857-00179944-00180151 open this up to discord
nYUOaIXlhck-00858-00180152-00180495 uh so if you are
nYUOaIXlhck-00859-00180496-00180790 in the default discord go to air village
nYUOaIXlhck-00860-00180791-00180854 general
nYUOaIXlhck-00861-00180855-00181302 voice uh we'll try unmute you
nYUOaIXlhck-00862-00181303-00181647 and get you so you can talk um
nYUOaIXlhck-00863-00181648-00181926 if you're human plus that we may that's
nYUOaIXlhck-00864-00181927-00182087 the correct way to do it but
nYUOaIXlhck-00865-00182088-00182366 we have a work around so head over to ai
nYUOaIXlhck-00866-00182367-00182438 village
nYUOaIXlhck-00867-00182439-00182726 general dash voice to ask any questions
nYUOaIXlhck-00868-00182727-00182847 if you can't you'll still be paying
nYUOaIXlhck-00869-00182848-00183023 attention to the journal the text
nYUOaIXlhck-00870-00183024-00183623 chat in a village journal dash text
nYUOaIXlhck-00871-00183624-00184031 the moment of truth
nYUOaIXlhck-00872-00184032-00184319 i'm watching journal club text yeah you
nYUOaIXlhck-00873-00184320-00184535 do
nYUOaIXlhck-00874-00184536-00184854 audio managing audio is i'm so glad i
nYUOaIXlhck-00875-00184855-00185654 don't have to deal with it
nYUOaIXlhck-00876-00185655-00186007 um i wish i had seen this paper
nYUOaIXlhck-00877-00186008-00186199 before i started like really trying to
nYUOaIXlhck-00878-00186200-00186319 solve adversarial
nYUOaIXlhck-00879-00186320-00186614 machine learning as a security problem
nYUOaIXlhck-00880-00186615-00186654 because
nYUOaIXlhck-00881-00186655-00186950 there's a lot this seems a lot easier
nYUOaIXlhck-00882-00186951-00187071 like
nYUOaIXlhck-00883-00187072-00187463 to attack for a lot of attack
nYUOaIXlhck-00884-00187464-00187631 i think a lot of attackers have more
nYUOaIXlhck-00885-00187632-00187887 knowledge on how to break a
nYUOaIXlhck-00886-00187888-00188143 parser than how to break a neural
nYUOaIXlhck-00887-00188144-00188423 network
nYUOaIXlhck-00888-00188424-00188766 so this to me feels like more of a
nYUOaIXlhck-00889-00188767-00188950 realistic threat model of like
nYUOaIXlhck-00890-00188951-00189190 your uh pipeline was they they broke
nYUOaIXlhck-00891-00189191-00189350 your pipeline you did something wrong in
nYUOaIXlhck-00892-00189351-00189790 aws you did something wrong with your uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00893-00189791-00190038 container setup and it's parsing your
nYUOaIXlhck-00894-00190039-00190423 images incorrectly now
nYUOaIXlhck-00895-00190424-00190735 yeah i mean that's tons of the bugs that
nYUOaIXlhck-00896-00190736-00190823 you find
nYUOaIXlhck-00897-00190824-00191111 in sort of real systems right as parsing
nYUOaIXlhck-00898-00191112-00191183 bugs
nYUOaIXlhck-00899-00191184-00191511 and yeah a lot of
nYUOaIXlhck-00900-00191512-00191759 a lot of the research right now um
nYUOaIXlhck-00901-00191760-00191887 focuses
nYUOaIXlhck-00902-00191888-00192150 less on that and more on sort of these
nYUOaIXlhck-00903-00192151-00192287 theoretical properties
nYUOaIXlhck-00904-00192288-00192519 of you know machine learning models
nYUOaIXlhck-00905-00192520-00192614 which
nYUOaIXlhck-00906-00192615-00192719 i mean i don't want to dig on those
nYUOaIXlhck-00907-00192720-00192863 they're fascinating right i love these
nYUOaIXlhck-00908-00192864-00192919 papers
nYUOaIXlhck-00909-00192920-00193263 but they're also again keep coming back
nYUOaIXlhck-00910-00193264-00193407 to this paper this paper makes the
nYUOaIXlhck-00911-00193408-00193543 really good point that these
nYUOaIXlhck-00912-00193544-00193702 sort of theoretical models that have
nYUOaIXlhck-00913-00193703-00193878 these nice properties are embedded in
nYUOaIXlhck-00914-00193879-00193959 real-world
nYUOaIXlhck-00915-00193960-00194183 systems and we know that real-world
nYUOaIXlhck-00916-00194184-00194326 systems are always kind of
nYUOaIXlhck-00917-00194327-00194575 full of bugs that can be attacked and
nYUOaIXlhck-00918-00194576-00194759 exploited
nYUOaIXlhck-00919-00194760-00194990 and so it gives you sort of multiple
nYUOaIXlhck-00920-00194991-00195102 entries
nYUOaIXlhck-00921-00195103-00195254 into the problem right on the one hand
nYUOaIXlhck-00922-00195255-00195447 you can exploit the preprocessor and
nYUOaIXlhck-00923-00195448-00195583 maybe that gives you some sort of heat
nYUOaIXlhck-00924-00195584-00195766 corruption or some sort of
nYUOaIXlhck-00925-00195767-00195999 like direct you know denial of service
nYUOaIXlhck-00926-00196000-00196071 or
nYUOaIXlhck-00927-00196072-00196302 even code execution and on the other
nYUOaIXlhck-00928-00196303-00196438 hand you can break the feature
nYUOaIXlhck-00929-00196439-00196575 extraction enough so that
nYUOaIXlhck-00930-00196576-00196790 everything downstream is getting garbage
nYUOaIXlhck-00931-00196791-00197031 data
nYUOaIXlhck-00932-00197032-00197247 all mildly corrupted i mean i i say
nYUOaIXlhck-00933-00197248-00197519 again with like the sneaking in
nYUOaIXlhck-00934-00197520-00197671 you want to do low and slows on some of
nYUOaIXlhck-00935-00197672-00197878 this
nYUOaIXlhck-00936-00197879-00198126 i i again i am really like the idea of
nYUOaIXlhck-00937-00198127-00198254 using this as defense
nYUOaIXlhck-00938-00198255-00198438 i mean there's a whole bunch of
nYUOaIXlhck-00939-00198439-00198631 applications where the bad guys are
nYUOaIXlhck-00940-00198632-00198726 using
nYUOaIXlhck-00941-00198727-00199031 machine learning based systems i like
nYUOaIXlhck-00942-00199032-00199238 the idea of breaking their systems
nYUOaIXlhck-00943-00199239-00199702 yeah as i would great handsaw
nYUOaIXlhck-00944-00199703-00200326 yeah when yesterday
nYUOaIXlhck-00945-00200327-00200511 yeah just like yesterday's paper with um
nYUOaIXlhck-00946-00200512-00200887 the forks masks
nYUOaIXlhck-00947-00200888-00201199 yeah so um will has a comment he says
nYUOaIXlhck-00948-00201200-00201359 i'm surprised the paper is the vehicle
nYUOaIXlhck-00949-00201360-00201471 for this knowledge there's a whole
nYUOaIXlhck-00950-00201472-00201623 security industry that has advice for
nYUOaIXlhck-00951-00201624-00201838 this stuff and i think yeah this is
nYUOaIXlhck-00952-00201839-00202190 part of what we're trying to do
nYUOaIXlhck-00953-00202191-00202431 right with ai village is draw a link
nYUOaIXlhck-00954-00202432-00202575 between security
nYUOaIXlhck-00955-00202576-00202959 and machine learning right so
nYUOaIXlhck-00956-00202960-00203183 we have a lot of like wicked smart
nYUOaIXlhck-00957-00203184-00203302 security people
nYUOaIXlhck-00958-00203303-00203550 um who know about all about these
nYUOaIXlhck-00959-00203551-00203711 implementation bugs and then we've got a
nYUOaIXlhck-00960-00203712-00203911 bunch of like really smart
nYUOaIXlhck-00961-00203912-00204102 uh academics and machine learning people
nYUOaIXlhck-00962-00204103-00204287 who know about like sort of these
nYUOaIXlhck-00963-00204288-00204478 you know feature-based attacks or weird
nYUOaIXlhck-00964-00204479-00204631 properties of ml systems
nYUOaIXlhck-00965-00204632-00204766 and getting sort of that knowledge
nYUOaIXlhck-00966-00204767-00205031 transfer going on so that we can
nYUOaIXlhck-00967-00205032-00205238 find out where those intersect and how
nYUOaIXlhck-00968-00205239-00205414 those two you know sort of sets of
nYUOaIXlhck-00969-00205415-00205590 attacks inform each other i think that's
nYUOaIXlhck-00970-00205591-00205662 like
nYUOaIXlhck-00971-00205663-00205958 a really rich area for future
nYUOaIXlhck-00972-00205959-00206023 development
nYUOaIXlhck-00973-00206023-00206334 and it kind of makes me sad a little bit
nYUOaIXlhck-00974-00206335-00206631 that this paper came out in 2017 and
nYUOaIXlhck-00975-00206632-00206910 and got comparatively little attention
nYUOaIXlhck-00976-00206911-00206998 um
nYUOaIXlhck-00977-00207000-00207166 when it really is going right to the
nYUOaIXlhck-00978-00207167-00207351 heart of a lot of really big
nYUOaIXlhck-00979-00207352-00207671 questions in this you know in ml
nYUOaIXlhck-00980-00207671-00207982 security so
nYUOaIXlhck-00981-00207983-00208119 in practice you see a lot of data
nYUOaIXlhck-00982-00208119-00208262 science teams disconnected from both
nYUOaIXlhck-00983-00208263-00208414 like infrastructure application network
nYUOaIXlhck-00984-00208415-00208542 security uh sort of
nYUOaIXlhck-00985-00208544-00208927 uh teams and so like the whole uh mlaps
nYUOaIXlhck-00986-00208928-00209151 uh sort of formation of teams that can
nYUOaIXlhck-00987-00209152-00209351 interface between uh data scientists and
nYUOaIXlhck-00988-00209352-00209431 uh
nYUOaIXlhck-00989-00209432-00209598 implementation has has been emerging but
nYUOaIXlhck-00990-00209600-00209751 i'm curious what the panel thinks as far
nYUOaIXlhck-00991-00209752-00209831 as
nYUOaIXlhck-00992-00209832-00210094 uh what's the appropriate like role a
nYUOaIXlhck-00993-00210096-00210223 person in the cross-functional team do
nYUOaIXlhck-00994-00210223-00210367 we want to have security people
nYUOaIXlhck-00995-00210367-00210510 sitting with data scientists as these
nYUOaIXlhck-00996-00210511-00210782 things are being developed
nYUOaIXlhck-00997-00210783-00211151 and uh yes yeah i mean weirdly enough i
nYUOaIXlhck-00998-00211152-00211263 used to be
nYUOaIXlhck-00999-00211264-00211463 one of people going into large companies
nYUOaIXlhck-01000-00211464-00211582 working out where to put the data
nYUOaIXlhck-01001-00211583-00211679 scientists
nYUOaIXlhck-01002-00211680-00211894 and there was always this argument
nYUOaIXlhck-01003-00211896-00212071 between you want to embed
nYUOaIXlhck-01004-00212071-00212239 the data scientists out into the rest of
nYUOaIXlhck-01005-00212240-00212455 the team and have them work with because
nYUOaIXlhck-01006-00212456-00212575 you're informing the rest of the team
nYUOaIXlhck-01007-00212576-00212782 everywhere
nYUOaIXlhck-01008-00212783-00212927 but then you've got data scientists out
nYUOaIXlhck-01009-00212928-00213142 on their own and we're kind of you know
nYUOaIXlhck-01010-00213144-00213310 you see in this paper that it we get
nYUOaIXlhck-01011-00213311-00213494 ignored quite a bit on when we're on our
nYUOaIXlhck-01012-00213496-00213567 own
nYUOaIXlhck-01013-00213567-00213758 all having these unicorn pens full of
nYUOaIXlhck-01014-00213759-00213919 data scientists who talk to each other
nYUOaIXlhck-01015-00213919-00213958 but
nYUOaIXlhck-01016-00213959-00214271 not really to anybody else and there's a
nYUOaIXlhck-01017-00214271-00214503 yeah sense of you you put people out but
nYUOaIXlhck-01018-00214504-00214615 you make sure they're still part of
nYUOaIXlhck-01019-00214616-00214671 tripe
nYUOaIXlhck-01020-00214671-00214919 so you literally build tribe or whatever
nYUOaIXlhck-01021-00214919-00215167 the the good word now is for that
nYUOaIXlhck-01022-00215167-00215382 it used to be called tribes a cross
nYUOaIXlhck-01023-00215383-00215487 village
nYUOaIXlhck-01024-00215488-00215751 yeah village yeah village so you build
nYUOaIXlhck-01025-00215752-00215798 villages
nYUOaIXlhck-01026-00215800-00215910 for the data scientists to keep
nYUOaIXlhck-01027-00215911-00216063 connected to each other but they need to
nYUOaIXlhck-01028-00216064-00216167 be out
nYUOaIXlhck-01029-00216167-00216519 in the rest of the teams because
nYUOaIXlhck-01030-00216519-00216719 because otherwise you know we we our
nYUOaIXlhck-01031-00216719-00216823 work is everywhere
nYUOaIXlhck-01032-00216823-00217055 we should be everywhere too that's
nYUOaIXlhck-01033-00217056-00217239 strong belief though
nYUOaIXlhck-01034-00217240-00217406 yeah i mean i think it's but it's it's
nYUOaIXlhck-01035-00217407-00217567 got to be sort of a two-way street right
nYUOaIXlhck-01036-00217567-00217798 on the one hand
nYUOaIXlhck-01037-00217800-00218031 yeah there is kind of for for data
nYUOaIXlhck-01038-00218032-00218134 scientists and
nYUOaIXlhck-01039-00218135-00218439 sort of ml practitioners i think
nYUOaIXlhck-01040-00218440-00218631 that yeah we do sort of tend to stay in
nYUOaIXlhck-01041-00218632-00218767 our own little bubble and don't think
nYUOaIXlhck-01042-00218767-00218815 about
nYUOaIXlhck-01043-00218816-00219134 these sort of ex
nYUOaIXlhck-01044-00219135-00219255 externalities i don't know what the
nYUOaIXlhck-01045-00219256-00219398 right word for it is but like these
nYUOaIXlhck-01046-00219400-00219503 other ways
nYUOaIXlhck-01047-00219504-00219663 you know it's not just going to be like
nYUOaIXlhck-01048-00219664-00219831 fast radiant sign based attacks it's
nYUOaIXlhck-01049-00219832-00220006 going to be like no someone someone
nYUOaIXlhck-01050-00220007-00220263 broke the parsing but then at the same
nYUOaIXlhck-01051-00220264-00220375 time
nYUOaIXlhck-01052-00220376-00220527 and this is kind of going back to maybe
nYUOaIXlhck-01053-00220528-00220727 a little bit of the hype panel yesterday
nYUOaIXlhck-01054-00220728-00220823 like
nYUOaIXlhck-01055-00220823-00221015 having people that aren't data
nYUOaIXlhck-01056-00221016-00221239 scientists understand kind of like what
nYUOaIXlhck-01057-00221240-00221398 the models can and can't do and what
nYUOaIXlhck-01058-00221400-00221591 kind of behavior to expect from them so
nYUOaIXlhck-01059-00221592-00221767 that they don't freak out when they see
nYUOaIXlhck-01060-00221767-00221831 something
nYUOaIXlhck-01061-00221832-00222110 weird happen and be like oh you know
nYUOaIXlhck-01062-00222111-00222175 whatever we
nYUOaIXlhck-01063-00222176-00222367 we flagged this dll as being malware
nYUOaIXlhck-01064-00222367-00222615 when it's not we're clearly under attack
nYUOaIXlhck-01065-00222616-00222815 right you're just like it's statistics
nYUOaIXlhck-01066-00222816-00223063 sometimes it makes mistakes
nYUOaIXlhck-01067-00223064-00223375 well just explaining it's not magic
nYUOaIXlhck-01068-00223376-00223567 it's hard but it's not magic yeah it's
nYUOaIXlhck-01069-00223567-00223767 hard it's useful it does cool stuff
nYUOaIXlhck-01070-00223767-00224423 but it's a tool
nYUOaIXlhck-01071-00224423-00224791 all right jack is talking about
nYUOaIXlhck-01072-00224792-00224919 implementing the security development
nYUOaIXlhck-01073-00224919-00225158 life cycle and the secure software
nYUOaIXlhck-01074-00225159-00225319 development like lifecycle into model
nYUOaIXlhck-01075-00225319-00225455 creation and upkeep
nYUOaIXlhck-01076-00225456-00225871 you know make a data scientist cry
nYUOaIXlhck-01077-00225871-00226206 yeah this i had
nYUOaIXlhck-01078-00226207-00226391 issues with just being like cool we need
nYUOaIXlhck-01079-00226392-00226598 to like just write a few unit tests to
nYUOaIXlhck-01080-00226600-00226791 make sure that the
nYUOaIXlhck-01081-00226792-00226951 functions will kind of do what they're
nYUOaIXlhck-01082-00226952-00227167 supposed to do um there are
nYUOaIXlhck-01083-00227167-00227398 there's a bit of pushback in our for
nYUOaIXlhck-01084-00227400-00227727 some from our more academically minded
nYUOaIXlhck-01085-00227728-00227975 folk of like just a little bit of basics
nYUOaIXlhck-01086-00227976-00228071 like that
nYUOaIXlhck-01087-00228071-00228342 um which may have solved some of these
nYUOaIXlhck-01088-00228344-00228471 like open cv
nYUOaIXlhck-01089-00228471-00228982 issues because i
nYUOaIXlhck-01090-00228983-00229223 interesting that um if you basically
nYUOaIXlhck-01091-00229223-00229319 treat um
nYUOaIXlhck-01092-00229319-00229558 the life cycle of like a data project as
nYUOaIXlhck-01093-00229559-00229623 a more
nYUOaIXlhck-01094-00229623-00229815 internal product for like a company and
nYUOaIXlhck-01095-00229816-00229975 treated as a product which has
nYUOaIXlhck-01096-00229976-00230142 which serves a purpose provides value
nYUOaIXlhck-01097-00230144-00230287 and then uh is
nYUOaIXlhck-01098-00230288-00230463 is integrated with other ways of
nYUOaIXlhck-01099-00230464-00230679 developing software products then
nYUOaIXlhck-01100-00230680-00230815 data science machine learning they just
nYUOaIXlhck-01101-00230816-00230998 become tools and engineering toolbox but
nYUOaIXlhck-01102-00231000-00231158 then everything else falls within like
nYUOaIXlhck-01103-00231159-00231223 methods
nYUOaIXlhck-01104-00231223-00231415 of continuous integration and testing
nYUOaIXlhck-01105-00231416-00231551 and deliberating so then
nYUOaIXlhck-01106-00231552-00231758 perhaps there is rather than the unicorn
nYUOaIXlhck-01107-00231759-00231958 defense data scientists yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-01108-00231959-00232079 i mean that's what we're doing we're
nYUOaIXlhck-01109-00232080-00232423 doing things like uh hypothesis based
nYUOaIXlhck-01110-00232423-00232655 development which is like the next thing
nYUOaIXlhck-01111-00232656-00232871 up from behavior-based development
nYUOaIXlhck-01112-00232871-00233031 uh which is next thing up for test-based
nYUOaIXlhck-01113-00233032-00233191 development um test test driven
nYUOaIXlhck-01114-00233192-00233303 development
nYUOaIXlhck-01115-00233304-00233542 so you very much like work out what the
nYUOaIXlhck-01116-00233544-00233623 universe
nYUOaIXlhck-01117-00233623-00233863 you'd like to see is go do the go to the
nYUOaIXlhck-01118-00233864-00234110 maths on it build the systems in it
nYUOaIXlhck-01119-00234111-00234519 so there are ways of working yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-01120-00234519-00234815 yeah so maybe looping sorry go ahead go
nYUOaIXlhck-01121-00234816-00234982 ahead
nYUOaIXlhck-01122-00234983-00235151 yeah so i was gonna loop back to the
nYUOaIXlhck-01123-00235152-00235327 paper one more time
nYUOaIXlhck-01124-00235328-00235551 and talk about the disclosure experience
nYUOaIXlhck-01125-00235552-00235719 that they they mentioned
nYUOaIXlhck-01126-00235719-00235919 towards the end of the article so
nYUOaIXlhck-01127-00235919-00236079 basically they they got
nYUOaIXlhck-01128-00236080-00236231 three of the vulnerabilities got new
nYUOaIXlhck-01129-00236232-00236423 cves because
nYUOaIXlhck-01130-00236423-00236719 they enabled arbitrary code execution or
nYUOaIXlhck-01131-00236719-00236798 denial of service
nYUOaIXlhck-01132-00236800-00236934 attacks right so those are both very
nYUOaIXlhck-01133-00236935-00237094 firmly within the wheelhouse of what
nYUOaIXlhck-01134-00237096-00237167 people
nYUOaIXlhck-01135-00237167-00237463 take seven page seven thank you very
nYUOaIXlhck-01136-00237464-00237567 much within the wheelhouse of what
nYUOaIXlhck-01137-00237567-00237727 security people think of is oh yeah this
nYUOaIXlhck-01138-00237728-00237910 is that's a bug that's an issue that's a
nYUOaIXlhck-01139-00237911-00238087 security gap that we need to fix
nYUOaIXlhck-01140-00238088-00238263 but um there were a couple of other ones
nYUOaIXlhck-01141-00238264-00238431 that they found um
nYUOaIXlhck-01142-00238432-00238646 where they could impact or manipulate
nYUOaIXlhck-01143-00238648-00238815 the prediction and then they they call
nYUOaIXlhck-01144-00238816-00238982 out in particular the mouth here memory
nYUOaIXlhck-01145-00238983-00239094 corruption they found
nYUOaIXlhck-01146-00239096-00239327 where basically they can rewrite the
nYUOaIXlhck-01147-00239328-00239482 feature vector which
nYUOaIXlhck-01148-00239483-00239798 um allows you to basically like make the
nYUOaIXlhck-01149-00239800-00239998 model give you any output you want
nYUOaIXlhck-01150-00240000-00240079 essentially
nYUOaIXlhck-01151-00240080-00240310 uh doesn't have to have anything to do
nYUOaIXlhck-01152-00240311-00240487 with what the actual file that you were
nYUOaIXlhck-01153-00240488-00240623 analyzing was
nYUOaIXlhck-01154-00240623-00240863 and those specifically are the ones that
nYUOaIXlhck-01155-00240864-00240927 didn't
nYUOaIXlhck-01156-00240928-00241263 get the uh didn't go to cv you didn't
nYUOaIXlhck-01157-00241264-00241423 get called out and mostly got
nYUOaIXlhck-01158-00241423-00241646 labeled as won't fixed or errors won't
nYUOaIXlhck-01159-00241648-00241815 fix so that's sort of like
nYUOaIXlhck-01160-00241816-00241942 you know we were kind of bashing the
nYUOaIXlhck-01161-00241944-00242103 data scientists earlier saying oh you
nYUOaIXlhck-01162-00242104-00242239 know we got to like think of this as
nYUOaIXlhck-01163-00242240-00242446 part of a security system but then
nYUOaIXlhck-01164-00242448-00242606 it goes back the other way right we need
nYUOaIXlhck-01165-00242607-00242782 to be able to communicate to people that
nYUOaIXlhck-01166-00242783-00242942 as data scientists as machine learning
nYUOaIXlhck-01167-00242944-00243110 experts look you know this is
nYUOaIXlhck-01168-00243111-00243375 this is bad right and how do we convince
nYUOaIXlhck-01169-00243376-00243510 people that
nYUOaIXlhck-01170-00243511-00243687 you know something that allows arbitrary
nYUOaIXlhck-01171-00243688-00243839 misclassification or arbitrary
nYUOaIXlhck-01172-00243840-00243934 predictions to be
nYUOaIXlhck-01173-00243935-00244319 to be produced is as serious as
nYUOaIXlhck-01174-00244319-00244663 or maybe not as serious but but has some
nYUOaIXlhck-01175-00244664-00244823 degree of severity just like a remote
nYUOaIXlhck-01176-00244823-00244919 code execution
nYUOaIXlhck-01177-00244919-00245119 or a denial of service i like the
nYUOaIXlhck-01178-00245119-00245294 example that eric brought up in his talk
nYUOaIXlhck-01179-00245296-00245406 of a turtle rifle
nYUOaIXlhck-01180-00245407-00245615 uh like that is a very effective way of
nYUOaIXlhck-01181-00245616-00245839 communicating potential problems
nYUOaIXlhck-01182-00245840-00246039 whereas for those who haven't seen it uh
nYUOaIXlhck-01183-00246040-00246175 like a turtle
nYUOaIXlhck-01184-00246176-00246479 uh 3d printed object could have be
nYUOaIXlhck-01185-00246480-00246598 applied to a turtle to make a
nYUOaIXlhck-01186-00246600-00246782 misclassified uh misconception as a
nYUOaIXlhck-01187-00246783-00246991 rifle you can imagine like systems that
nYUOaIXlhck-01188-00246992-00247319 uh attract security of uh like
nYUOaIXlhck-01189-00247319-00247542 stevie and stuff to induce certain
nYUOaIXlhck-01190-00247544-00247742 events
nYUOaIXlhck-01191-00247744-00247871 i mean it's like any other ethics
nYUOaIXlhck-01192-00247871-00247998 discussion we have to talk about
nYUOaIXlhck-01193-00248000-00248142 consequences
nYUOaIXlhck-01194-00248144-00248398 and then track it back and just keep
nYUOaIXlhck-01195-00248400-00248582 pushing and pushing the examples real
nYUOaIXlhck-01196-00248583-00248863 examples if we've got them
nYUOaIXlhck-01197-00248864-00249167 it's it's hard it's
nYUOaIXlhck-01198-00249167-00249494 yeah i mean i guess like that's you
nYUOaIXlhck-01199-00249496-00249727 you have a joke but we're not really a
nYUOaIXlhck-01200-00249728-00249919 joke that like airline regulations are
nYUOaIXlhck-01201-00249919-00250071 written in blood
nYUOaIXlhck-01202-00250071-00250198 right and so when you've got all of
nYUOaIXlhck-01203-00250200-00250375 these safety requirements it's because a
nYUOaIXlhck-01204-00250376-00250551 lot of people got hurt before someone
nYUOaIXlhck-01205-00250552-00250598 was like
nYUOaIXlhck-01206-00250600-00250806 we ought to do something about that and
nYUOaIXlhck-01207-00250807-00250910 it would
nYUOaIXlhck-01208-00250911-00251071 it would be nice to think that we could
nYUOaIXlhck-01209-00251071-00251391 we could find a way to not have
nYUOaIXlhck-01210-00251392-00251703 like ml disclosure requirements
nYUOaIXlhck-01211-00251704-00251934 written in blood right like maybe you
nYUOaIXlhck-01212-00251935-00252063 know let's let's
nYUOaIXlhck-01213-00252064-00252215 we're at a place now where we could
nYUOaIXlhck-01214-00252216-00252391 maybe like jump ahead of the game a
nYUOaIXlhck-01215-00252392-00252471 little bit and
nYUOaIXlhck-01216-00252471-00252806 and get an understanding of this out
nYUOaIXlhck-01217-00252807-00252951 there so that we don't have to see
nYUOaIXlhck-01218-00252952-00253103 people hurt before people are like oh
nYUOaIXlhck-01219-00253104-00253310 yeah we should maybe take that seriously
nYUOaIXlhck-01220-00253311-00253487 i actually have a historical example for
nYUOaIXlhck-01221-00253488-00253710 that too for being old
nYUOaIXlhck-01222-00253711-00254046 so i ran one of the unmanned air vehicle
nYUOaIXlhck-01223-00254048-00254142 safety teams
nYUOaIXlhck-01224-00254144-00254439 back in the day before uavs were sexy
nYUOaIXlhck-01225-00254440-00254623 and
nYUOaIXlhck-01226-00254623-00255103 we didn't have the um
nYUOaIXlhck-01227-00255104-00255303 privilege i guess that the sp the rest
nYUOaIXlhck-01228-00255304-00255487 of the airspace industry had
nYUOaIXlhck-01229-00255488-00255727 so aerospace regulations are literally
nYUOaIXlhck-01230-00255728-00255839 written in blood
nYUOaIXlhck-01231-00255840-00256023 so an aircraft would crash into
nYUOaIXlhck-01232-00256023-00256182 something else or
nYUOaIXlhck-01233-00256183-00256351 hit the ground and you would change the
nYUOaIXlhck-01234-00256352-00256510 regulations and that's
nYUOaIXlhck-01235-00256511-00256630 literally how the regulations were
nYUOaIXlhck-01236-00256631-00256863 written same with fire safety
nYUOaIXlhck-01237-00256864-00257271 fire happens change the regulations um
nYUOaIXlhck-01238-00257271-00257639 and we
nYUOaIXlhck-01239-00257640-00257871 were told explicitly and understood
nYUOaIXlhck-01240-00257871-00258039 explicitly that
nYUOaIXlhck-01241-00258040-00258239 we couldn't just put uavs in demand
nYUOaIXlhck-01242-00258240-00258423 airspace have to crash into stuff and
nYUOaIXlhck-01243-00258423-00258606 then rewrite the world rules
nYUOaIXlhck-01244-00258607-00258775 we literally had to think all the
nYUOaIXlhck-01245-00258776-00258927 scenarios
nYUOaIXlhck-01246-00258928-00259223 and write the rules for how to do it
nYUOaIXlhck-01247-00259223-00259375 safely
nYUOaIXlhck-01248-00259376-00259582 and it's whole space safety not just
nYUOaIXlhck-01249-00259583-00259734 individual aircraft safety
nYUOaIXlhck-01250-00259735-00259903 before we're allowed to to fly in the
nYUOaIXlhck-01251-00259904-00260142 same spaces
nYUOaIXlhck-01252-00260144-00260439 so there's some precedent i mean there's
nYUOaIXlhck-01253-00260440-00260567 maybe some looking in
nYUOaIXlhck-01254-00260567-00260894 those spaces to see how it was done well
nYUOaIXlhck-01255-00260896-00261230 it's a good way to look yeah but a lot
nYUOaIXlhck-01256-00261231-00261487 of it's just getting the will
nYUOaIXlhck-01257-00261488-00261639 now nothing in focus is attention like a
nYUOaIXlhck-01258-00261640-00261882 whole bunch of airliners about to crash
nYUOaIXlhck-01259-00261883-00262206 but yeah but you know we could
nYUOaIXlhck-01260-00262207-00262582 maybe get there before that point
nYUOaIXlhck-01261-00262583-00262910 so um one more question from discord
nYUOaIXlhck-01262-00262911-00262958 which
nYUOaIXlhck-01263-00262959-00263095 uh is good because that's where i wanted
nYUOaIXlhck-01264-00263096-00263287 to go next um so
nYUOaIXlhck-01265-00263288-00263471 yaga has a question how do we force open
nYUOaIXlhck-01266-00263472-00263639 source software to fix itself we don't
nYUOaIXlhck-01267-00263640-00263775 fix it ourselves that's why it's open
nYUOaIXlhck-01268-00263776-00263847 source
nYUOaIXlhck-01269-00263848-00264030 and the authors actually make a comment
nYUOaIXlhck-01270-00264031-00264223 in the future work um
nYUOaIXlhck-01271-00264224-00264455 where where they they say that it's
nYUOaIXlhck-01272-00264456-00264630 unclear who should be responsible for
nYUOaIXlhck-01273-00264631-00264727 fixing them as well
nYUOaIXlhck-01274-00264728-00265030 so um when they found a bug in the mail
nYUOaIXlhck-01275-00265031-00265199 here feature processing that was because
nYUOaIXlhck-01276-00265200-00265279 malheur
nYUOaIXlhck-01277-00265280-00265615 relied on lib archive uh and
nYUOaIXlhck-01278-00265616-00265839 the bug was actually in lib archive and
nYUOaIXlhck-01279-00265840-00266006 again this gets back to this notion of
nYUOaIXlhck-01280-00266007-00266047 like
nYUOaIXlhck-01281-00266048-00266239 you have all these different components
nYUOaIXlhck-01282-00266240-00266423 that feed into the system
nYUOaIXlhck-01283-00266424-00266695 um so even though the bug was in lib
nYUOaIXlhck-01284-00266696-00266871 archive it affected mal
nYUOaIXlhck-01285-00266872-00267143 here so where do you where do you put
nYUOaIXlhck-01286-00267144-00267334 the responsibility for fixing it and how
nYUOaIXlhck-01287-00267335-00267382 do you
nYUOaIXlhck-01288-00267383-00267630 convince you know like whoever's
nYUOaIXlhck-01289-00267631-00267791 maintaining lib archive look this is
nYUOaIXlhck-01290-00267792-00267951 serious enough that
nYUOaIXlhck-01291-00267952-00268127 you know yes i don't it doesn't affect
nYUOaIXlhck-01292-00268128-00268295 you directly but
nYUOaIXlhck-01293-00268296-00268510 it does affect this other system and it
nYUOaIXlhck-01294-00268511-00268647 could be a critical impact like how do
nYUOaIXlhck-01295-00268648-00268743 we
nYUOaIXlhck-01296-00268744-00268967 how can we navigate that sort of um
nYUOaIXlhck-01297-00268968-00269134 uncertainty
nYUOaIXlhck-01298-00269135-00269439 yeah how does linux and
nYUOaIXlhck-01299-00269440-00269767 like ubuntu and others several software
nYUOaIXlhck-01300-00269768-00270206 ecosystems do it
nYUOaIXlhck-01301-00270207-00270463 do they have liability i i mean i know
nYUOaIXlhck-01302-00270464-00270647 for a lot of systems the
nYUOaIXlhck-01303-00270648-00270806 end users especially if they're big end
nYUOaIXlhck-01304-00270807-00270943 users just get involved with the open
nYUOaIXlhck-01305-00270944-00271110 source communities
nYUOaIXlhck-01306-00271111-00271430 and work in there but uh
nYUOaIXlhck-01307-00271431-00271879 if you're using even like python
nYUOaIXlhck-01308-00271880-00272191 and your physical system crashes who's
nYUOaIXlhck-01309-00272192-00272439 responsible
nYUOaIXlhck-01310-00272440-00272799 yeah yeah i mean a lot of licensing
nYUOaIXlhck-01311-00272800-00273015 argument a lot of licensing agreements
nYUOaIXlhck-01312-00273016-00273175 basically say like yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-01313-00273176-00273358 you agree that you're using this at your
nYUOaIXlhck-01314-00273359-00273487 own risk too
nYUOaIXlhck-01315-00273488-00273823 so you know basically everyone's going
nYUOaIXlhck-01316-00273824-00273958 around like
nYUOaIXlhck-01317-00273959-00274223 not me which you know it's fair right
nYUOaIXlhck-01318-00274224-00274310 and people have
nYUOaIXlhck-01319-00274311-00274439 like they have they can't assume
nYUOaIXlhck-01320-00274440-00274599 liability for for everything that they
nYUOaIXlhck-01321-00274600-00274630 do
nYUOaIXlhck-01322-00274631-00274967 but um you know
nYUOaIXlhck-01323-00274968-00275182 they can't agree to fix every single
nYUOaIXlhck-01324-00275183-00275287 thing
nYUOaIXlhck-01325-00275288-00275439 but at some point right there's there's
nYUOaIXlhck-01326-00275440-00275591 a balance right if something's widely
nYUOaIXlhck-01327-00275592-00275751 adopted it's widely used and there's
nYUOaIXlhck-01328-00275752-00275830 like a bug
nYUOaIXlhck-01329-00275831-00275991 three steps up the chain that's that's
nYUOaIXlhck-01330-00275992-00276206 causing it to behave weirdly
nYUOaIXlhck-01331-00276207-00276463 it feels like somebody ought to there
nYUOaIXlhck-01332-00276464-00276639 ought to be like some impetus to fix it
nYUOaIXlhck-01333-00276640-00276727 somehow
nYUOaIXlhck-01334-00276728-00276887 long-tail companies like fortune 500 and
nYUOaIXlhck-01335-00276888-00277039 whatnot that use these open source
nYUOaIXlhck-01336-00277040-00277175 libraries i mean theory
nYUOaIXlhck-01337-00277176-00277455 this is ai so you have a lot of boost in
nYUOaIXlhck-01338-00277456-00277606 productivity like and there's a lot of
nYUOaIXlhck-01339-00277607-00277710 value that's being derived
nYUOaIXlhck-01340-00277711-00277823 and especially if they're starting to
nYUOaIXlhck-01341-00277824-00278015 use them for critical applications or
nYUOaIXlhck-01342-00278016-00278103 decisions
nYUOaIXlhck-01343-00278104-00278279 so i think the onus responsibility also
nYUOaIXlhck-01344-00278280-00278423 needs to fall in the end users of like
nYUOaIXlhck-01345-00278424-00278606 widely adopted packages and then
nYUOaIXlhck-01346-00278607-00278767 somehow make it making it very clear to
nYUOaIXlhck-01347-00278768-00278903 decision makers in those companies that
nYUOaIXlhck-01348-00278904-00279095 hey if you're using this to
nYUOaIXlhck-01349-00279096-00279255 predict insurance rates or something and
nYUOaIXlhck-01350-00279256-00279423 uh it fails that's what you could
nYUOaIXlhck-01351-00279424-00279591 initially face and then somehow
nYUOaIXlhck-01352-00279592-00279703 channeling that into the projects
nYUOaIXlhck-01353-00279704-00279806 themselves
nYUOaIXlhck-01354-00279807-00279982 are you proposing that large companies
nYUOaIXlhck-01355-00279983-00280127 that make a lot of money using open
nYUOaIXlhck-01356-00280128-00280263 source tools should actually give back
nYUOaIXlhck-01357-00280264-00280413 to the open source community
nYUOaIXlhck-01358-00280414-00280863 [Laughter]
nYUOaIXlhck-01359-00280864-00281182 it smells like communism to me
nYUOaIXlhck-01360-00281183-00281382 it's kind of terrifying that we all just
nYUOaIXlhck-01361-00281383-00281758 laughed when you said that
nYUOaIXlhck-01362-00281759-00282023 yep sorry i gotta get my gotta get my
nYUOaIXlhck-01363-00282024-00282327 commentary in once in a while
nYUOaIXlhck-01364-00282328-00282463 these are complex systems and like just
nYUOaIXlhck-01365-00282464-00282679 communicating uh the impact of some
nYUOaIXlhck-01366-00282680-00282863 small like overflow bug to somebody who
nYUOaIXlhck-01367-00282864-00283006 only cares about like the bottom line is
nYUOaIXlhck-01368-00283007-00283206 this is a problem maybe there needs to
nYUOaIXlhck-01369-00283207-00283430 be like a awesome ml failures github
nYUOaIXlhck-01370-00283431-00283727 repository or something like that where
nYUOaIXlhck-01371-00283728-00284039 we haven't sounds like actually a pretty
nYUOaIXlhck-01372-00284040-00284191 good weekend project for someone
nYUOaIXlhck-01373-00284192-00284303 yeah i mean like you know when we
nYUOaIXlhck-01374-00284304-00284487 started up the ethics stuff years ago it
nYUOaIXlhck-01375-00284488-00284551 just
nYUOaIXlhck-01376-00284552-00284710 just takes some people determined to
nYUOaIXlhck-01377-00284711-00284854 make this thing a thing
nYUOaIXlhck-01378-00284855-00285191 a visible thing yeah hey community
nYUOaIXlhck-01379-00285192-00285527 anyone want to take this one on but
nYUOaIXlhck-01380-00285528-00285782 so how many like solid examples of ml
nYUOaIXlhck-01381-00285783-00286158 failure do we have
nYUOaIXlhck-01382-00286159-00286415 if we want a lot of it is compile those
nYUOaIXlhck-01383-00286416-00286471 yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-01384-00286472-00286830 how much do we actually know yeah that's
nYUOaIXlhck-01385-00286831-00287239 um let's say uh andrew davis
nYUOaIXlhck-01386-00287240-00287519 uh over and different discord had a
nYUOaIXlhck-01387-00287520-00287687 pretty good comment on it which is that
nYUOaIXlhck-01388-00287688-00287791 a lot of time when
nYUOaIXlhck-01389-00287792-00288110 ml fails it kind of fails silently right
nYUOaIXlhck-01390-00288111-00288158 it just
nYUOaIXlhck-01391-00288159-00288399 you don't flag something and it comes
nYUOaIXlhck-01392-00288400-00288558 back to
nYUOaIXlhck-01393-00288559-00288751 a lot of the earlier discussion about is
nYUOaIXlhck-01394-00288752-00288871 it is it a bug
nYUOaIXlhck-01395-00288872-00289079 or is it like normal just sort of like
nYUOaIXlhck-01396-00289080-00289223 statistical
nYUOaIXlhck-01397-00289224-00289447 failure right a one percent a one
nYUOaIXlhck-01398-00289448-00289630 percent failure rate means that
nYUOaIXlhck-01399-00289631-00289806 if it's not failing one percent of the
nYUOaIXlhck-01400-00289807-00289999 time you should be vaguely surprised
nYUOaIXlhck-01401-00290000-00290343 right so yeah like
nYUOaIXlhck-01402-00290344-00290503 i think it's possible that there's a lot
nYUOaIXlhck-01403-00290504-00290687 of ml failures that
nYUOaIXlhck-01404-00290688-00290830 we just kind of assume are in the
nYUOaIXlhck-01405-00290831-00291023 statistical noise a lot of them are
nYUOaIXlhck-01406-00291024-00291119 probably kept
nYUOaIXlhck-01407-00291120-00291334 quiet because you know there's
nYUOaIXlhck-01408-00291335-00291471 potentially like pr
nYUOaIXlhck-01409-00291472-00291743 risks or pr damage right or you know
nYUOaIXlhck-01410-00291744-00291791 like
nYUOaIXlhck-01411-00291792-00292103 like actual like was you know liability
nYUOaIXlhck-01412-00292104-00292471 attached to it yeah and it's
nYUOaIXlhck-01413-00292472-00292710 it's an open question how much is is
nYUOaIXlhck-01414-00292711-00292799 actually
nYUOaIXlhck-01415-00292800-00292999 sort of flying beneath the radar out
nYUOaIXlhck-01416-00293000-00293254 there i mentioned a rental company say
nYUOaIXlhck-01417-00293255-00293479 or a background check company who uses
nYUOaIXlhck-01418-00293480-00293599 ml going
nYUOaIXlhck-01419-00293600-00293847 uh so we didn't give a lot of people
nYUOaIXlhck-01420-00293848-00293975 their uh
nYUOaIXlhck-01421-00293976-00294127 approve you know their credit check
nYUOaIXlhck-01422-00294128-00294319 approval because
nYUOaIXlhck-01423-00294320-00294534 of a mistake and we want to publicly
nYUOaIXlhck-01424-00294535-00294710 apologize for that
nYUOaIXlhck-01425-00294711-00294919 when it's our mistake and they can just
nYUOaIXlhck-01426-00294920-00295087 be like well the model just
nYUOaIXlhck-01427-00295088-00295287 was yeah sweep it under the rug fix it
nYUOaIXlhck-01428-00295288-00295743 quietly never mention it
nYUOaIXlhck-01429-00295744-00296095 like that would be an ethical nightmare
nYUOaIXlhck-01430-00296096-00296487 yeah i mean there's lots of startups
nYUOaIXlhck-01431-00296488-00296767 um that have proposed to do things there
nYUOaIXlhck-01432-00296768-00296871 was one
nYUOaIXlhck-01433-00296872-00297054 i was about two three years ago which
nYUOaIXlhck-01434-00297055-00297191 was like oh we'll use
nYUOaIXlhck-01435-00297192-00297391 ml to like pre-screen your babysitters
nYUOaIXlhck-01436-00297392-00297534 by like digging through their social
nYUOaIXlhck-01437-00297535-00297599 media
nYUOaIXlhck-01438-00297600-00297943 profiles and stuff right and
nYUOaIXlhck-01439-00297944-00298143 i have my own opinions on how likely
nYUOaIXlhck-01440-00298144-00298375 that was to succeed versus how long it
nYUOaIXlhck-01441-00298376-00298551 how much how likely it was to
nYUOaIXlhck-01442-00298552-00298871 simply just like recommend white people
nYUOaIXlhck-01443-00298872-00299054 but um
nYUOaIXlhck-01444-00299055-00299271 you know like how do you how do you even
nYUOaIXlhck-01445-00299272-00299375 like measure
nYUOaIXlhck-01446-00299376-00299663 or quantify failure failures in that
nYUOaIXlhck-01447-00299664-00299703 case
nYUOaIXlhck-01448-00299704-00299815 right because it's all going to be
nYUOaIXlhck-01449-00299816-00299934 completely internal and all you're going
nYUOaIXlhck-01450-00299935-00300239 to oh like all you can do is
nYUOaIXlhck-01451-00300240-00300519 you know essentially like try and like
nYUOaIXlhck-01452-00300520-00300687 get a proxy model to be like ah
nYUOaIXlhck-01453-00300688-00300806 here are the features right i've
nYUOaIXlhck-01454-00300807-00300958 submitted a thousand different profiles
nYUOaIXlhck-01455-00300959-00301087 and here are the features that seem to
nYUOaIXlhck-01456-00301088-00301151 be
nYUOaIXlhck-01457-00301152-00301367 like triggering right and that's you
nYUOaIXlhck-01458-00301368-00301463 have to like
nYUOaIXlhck-01459-00301464-00301654 affirmatively dig for it right those
nYUOaIXlhck-01460-00301655-00301806 failures aren't going to be obvious
nYUOaIXlhck-01461-00301807-00301927 unless you're actually doing something
nYUOaIXlhck-01462-00301928-00302119 like that
nYUOaIXlhck-01463-00302120-00302279 a recent streak of sort of facial
nYUOaIXlhck-01464-00302280-00302527 cognition failures that lead to
nYUOaIXlhck-01465-00302528-00302815 uh director s or several other pokemon
nYUOaIXlhck-01466-00302816-00302967 but that listens like a visceral gut
nYUOaIXlhck-01467-00302968-00303158 reaction like yes this is wrong
nYUOaIXlhck-01468-00303159-00303382 so i think in some cases just like
nYUOaIXlhck-01469-00303383-00303471 seeing it like the
nYUOaIXlhck-01470-00303472-00303799 outcomes like clarissa helps understand
nYUOaIXlhck-01471-00303800-00304199 whether it's
nYUOaIXlhck-01472-00304200-00304367 the bias question like how do you tell
nYUOaIXlhck-01473-00304368-00304639 if something's biased or
nYUOaIXlhck-01474-00304640-00304815 just like for this one instance you were
nYUOaIXlhck-01475-00304816-00305158 wrong it was wrong oh man
nYUOaIXlhck-01476-00305159-00305671 yeah can it work we're gonna
nYUOaIXlhck-01477-00305672-00305999 is oh god yeah how much longer do we
nYUOaIXlhck-01478-00306000-00306271 have for this conversation
nYUOaIXlhck-01479-00306272-00306430 yeah we can solve it in eight minutes
nYUOaIXlhck-01480-00306431-00306615 we've got eight yeah no problem
nYUOaIXlhck-01481-00306616-00306895 yeah i mean the problem the problem in a
nYUOaIXlhck-01482-00306896-00307095 lot of the bias stuff right is like
nYUOaIXlhck-01483-00307096-00307358 the terms aren't even defined sometimes
nYUOaIXlhck-01484-00307359-00307495 so like
nYUOaIXlhck-01485-00307496-00307695 the the the example i keep coming back
nYUOaIXlhck-01486-00307696-00307847 to is like recidivism
nYUOaIXlhck-01487-00307848-00308167 and like predicting rearrest rates
nYUOaIXlhck-01488-00308168-00308367 right and someone might point out hey
nYUOaIXlhck-01489-00308368-00308487 look we
nYUOaIXlhck-01490-00308488-00308679 you know this is biased right it's
nYUOaIXlhck-01491-00308680-00308847 clearly predicting rearrest rates that
nYUOaIXlhck-01492-00308848-00309047 are much higher for this group
nYUOaIXlhck-01493-00309048-00309239 right and one argument we would would be
nYUOaIXlhck-01494-00309240-00309463 well that's clearly wrong right there
nYUOaIXlhck-01495-00309464-00309719 you know it's biased because it's
nYUOaIXlhck-01496-00309720-00309782 trained
nYUOaIXlhck-01497-00309783-00310119 on biased data and the counter argument
nYUOaIXlhck-01498-00310120-00310334 would be like look it's reproducing the
nYUOaIXlhck-01499-00310335-00310439 data right
nYUOaIXlhck-01500-00310440-00310615 we don't live in a perfect society this
nYUOaIXlhck-01501-00310616-00310830 the data is what it is and within that
nYUOaIXlhck-01502-00310831-00310903 box
nYUOaIXlhck-01503-00310904-00311158 you the ml has done as much as you can
nYUOaIXlhck-01504-00311159-00311319 ask it to do
nYUOaIXlhck-01505-00311320-00311527 right and so it always come it always
nYUOaIXlhck-01506-00311528-00311695 boils down to these
nYUOaIXlhck-01507-00311696-00312054 normative questions and in this is my
nYUOaIXlhck-01508-00312055-00312103 own
nYUOaIXlhck-01509-00312104-00312439 totally personal opinion that
nYUOaIXlhck-01510-00312440-00312615 you you can't like talking about
nYUOaIXlhck-01511-00312616-00312775 unbiased systems
nYUOaIXlhck-01512-00312776-00313047 unbiased ml is is almost inherently
nYUOaIXlhck-01513-00313048-00313167 impossible
nYUOaIXlhck-01514-00313168-00313606 right it's it's a question of how
nYUOaIXlhck-01515-00313607-00313839 is it producing the kinds of outcomes
nYUOaIXlhck-01516-00313840-00313927 that you want
nYUOaIXlhck-01517-00313928-00314271 and how is how is the ml system moving
nYUOaIXlhck-01518-00314272-00314327 power
nYUOaIXlhck-01519-00314328-00314575 around right who is it empowering who is
nYUOaIXlhck-01520-00314576-00314775 it disenfranchising
nYUOaIXlhck-01521-00314776-00314958 and you know who is it helping and who
nYUOaIXlhck-01522-00314959-00315134 is it who is it hurting
nYUOaIXlhck-01523-00315135-00315503 and chasing after some
nYUOaIXlhck-01524-00315504-00315806 like vague notion of fairness you know a
nYUOaIXlhck-01525-00315807-00315991 fair system or an unbiased system
nYUOaIXlhck-01526-00315992-00316310 is is kind of like a distraction from
nYUOaIXlhck-01527-00316311-00316471 like more fundamental questions of like
nYUOaIXlhck-01528-00316472-00316687 who's being helped who's being hurt
nYUOaIXlhck-01529-00316688-00316982 what what's being reinforced or whose
nYUOaIXlhck-01530-00316983-00317215 concerns are being downplayed
nYUOaIXlhck-01531-00317216-00317343 and who's accountable i guess also
nYUOaIXlhck-01532-00317344-00317543 because of like reference recent twitter
nYUOaIXlhck-01533-00317544-00317734 storm between timothy cameron yelakon
nYUOaIXlhck-01534-00317735-00317830 basically like is it
nYUOaIXlhck-01535-00317831-00317991 the male engineer or is it actually the
nYUOaIXlhck-01536-00317992-00318151 data scientist or throughout the entire
nYUOaIXlhck-01537-00318152-00318230 chain
nYUOaIXlhck-01538-00318231-00318623 yep yep but yeah and i mean
nYUOaIXlhck-01539-00318624-00318823 it's our god i'm talking too much i'm
nYUOaIXlhck-01540-00318824-00318927 seeing over
nYUOaIXlhck-01541-00318928-00319175 in the chat that we already have awesome
nYUOaIXlhck-01542-00319176-00319479 ml failures in the ai village as a repo
nYUOaIXlhck-01543-00319480-00319734 and stellar athena seems to be um
nYUOaIXlhck-01544-00319735-00320071 getting in there already
nYUOaIXlhck-01545-00320072-00320223 suggestions for implementation failures
nYUOaIXlhck-01546-00320224-00320439 ethical failures hci failures and
nYUOaIXlhck-01547-00320440-00320630 security failures
nYUOaIXlhck-01548-00320631-00320982 you got that stella yeah yeah i think
nYUOaIXlhck-01549-00320983-00321199 uh do we do we have a category for
nYUOaIXlhck-01550-00321200-00321358 because we were playing around with this
nYUOaIXlhck-01551-00321359-00321503 cat does not exist
nYUOaIXlhck-01552-00321504-00321719 um a couple days ago i think we maybe
nYUOaIXlhck-01553-00321720-00321879 need a category this ml
nYUOaIXlhck-01554-00321880-00322295 should not exist yeah nightmare fuel
nYUOaIXlhck-01555-00322296-00322487 yeah well i mean i'm thinking of things
nYUOaIXlhck-01556-00322488-00322630 yeah you're right there are how a bunch
nYUOaIXlhck-01557-00322631-00322743 of machine learning systems
nYUOaIXlhck-01558-00322744-00322991 just should not be on this planet yeah
nYUOaIXlhck-01559-00322992-00323095 and anyone
nYUOaIXlhck-01560-00323096-00323215 asked to contribute to it should have
nYUOaIXlhck-01561-00323216-00323482 been like perhaps not
nYUOaIXlhck-01562-00323483-00323782 um yeah as
nYUOaIXlhck-01563-00323783-00323895 as far as the responsibility and we
nYUOaIXlhck-01564-00323896-00324095 would never have facebook if anyone had
nYUOaIXlhck-01565-00324096-00324158 that called
nYUOaIXlhck-01566-00324159-00324439 um anyway i mean hindsight but you can
nYUOaIXlhck-01567-00324440-00324567 look at like
nYUOaIXlhck-01568-00324568-00325015 really uh short-term stuff like um
nYUOaIXlhck-01569-00325016-00325239 even just like genderify right it was
nYUOaIXlhck-01570-00325240-00325358 should have been pretty obvious to
nYUOaIXlhck-01571-00325359-00325479 everyone involved that
nYUOaIXlhck-01572-00325480-00325695 this was just like a losing proposition
nYUOaIXlhck-01573-00325696-00325806 from the start
nYUOaIXlhck-01574-00325807-00326047 yeah yeah and the recidivism through
nYUOaIXlhck-01575-00326048-00326295 face images stuff from china oh god
nYUOaIXlhck-01576-00326296-00326534 yeah okay so way to replicate somebody's
nYUOaIXlhck-01577-00326535-00326599 bias
nYUOaIXlhck-01578-00326600-00326887 so we do have we do have i just so we do
nYUOaIXlhck-01579-00326888-00326951 have a
nYUOaIXlhck-01580-00326952-00327110 a workshop coming up in a couple minutes
nYUOaIXlhck-01581-00327111-00327358 so i think i want to kind of like
nYUOaIXlhck-01582-00327359-00327543 put a pin in this i think if everyone's
nYUOaIXlhck-01583-00327544-00327695 enjoying this conversation stella's
nYUOaIXlhck-01584-00327696-00327847 having an awesome ethics
nYUOaIXlhck-01585-00327848-00328151 in ai panel which is coming up in
nYUOaIXlhck-01586-00328152-00328334 a couple of hours i'm not sure someone
nYUOaIXlhck-01587-00328335-00328519 someone fill me in
nYUOaIXlhck-01588-00328520-00328782 two o'clock two o'clock thank you so
nYUOaIXlhck-01589-00328783-00328871 everyone should
nYUOaIXlhck-01590-00328872-00329103 absolutely turn tune in for that if
nYUOaIXlhck-01591-00329104-00329271 they're enjoying this discussion
nYUOaIXlhck-01592-00329272-00329527 um but yeah i guess i want to just like
nYUOaIXlhck-01593-00329528-00329630 go around
nYUOaIXlhck-01594-00329631-00329910 just to wrap this up um and see if we
nYUOaIXlhck-01595-00329911-00330063 have any like last minute like
nYUOaIXlhck-01596-00330064-00330230 big idea takeaways from this paper that
nYUOaIXlhck-01597-00330231-00330495 people thought were really really cool
nYUOaIXlhck-01598-00330496-00330727 uh i love the way they did it um the
nYUOaIXlhck-01599-00330728-00330887 idea of attacking the system and looking
nYUOaIXlhck-01600-00330888-00330910 at
nYUOaIXlhck-01601-00330911-00331110 taking it apart is just kind of my thing
nYUOaIXlhck-01602-00331111-00331278 and i like the idea
nYUOaIXlhck-01603-00331279-00331606 of using it to attack systems that i
nYUOaIXlhck-01604-00331607-00331943 it shouldn't exist yep
nYUOaIXlhck-01605-00331944-00332287 that's fun uh i really like the idea of
nYUOaIXlhck-01606-00332288-00332454 attacking the feature extractors
nYUOaIXlhck-01607-00332455-00332719 and i think it we should also add like
nYUOaIXlhck-01608-00332720-00332903 bypassing the feature extractors by just
nYUOaIXlhck-01609-00332904-00332999 doing something that
nYUOaIXlhck-01610-00333000-00333310 the you know that our system is going to
nYUOaIXlhck-01611-00333311-00333647 miss because you
nYUOaIXlhck-01612-00333648-00334119 understand it well to this whole thing
nYUOaIXlhck-01613-00334120-00334478 cool martin that also really enjoyed the
nYUOaIXlhck-01614-00334479-00334615 paper and discussion um
nYUOaIXlhck-01615-00334616-00334958 i i think um to me uh it was clear that
nYUOaIXlhck-01616-00334959-00335206 it can occur in many levels of the um uh
nYUOaIXlhck-01617-00335207-00335319 basically stack so
nYUOaIXlhck-01618-00335320-00335558 just instrumentation and stuff becomes
nYUOaIXlhck-01619-00335559-00335695 very more important to monitoring what
nYUOaIXlhck-01620-00335696-00335751 happens and
nYUOaIXlhck-01621-00335752-00335927 i would really like to see follow on
nYUOaIXlhck-01622-00335928-00336095 work that applies this to
nYUOaIXlhck-01623-00336096-00336239 tensorflow by torch basically deep
nYUOaIXlhck-01624-00336240-00336343 learning libraries and seeing how you
nYUOaIXlhck-01625-00336344-00336415 can
nYUOaIXlhck-01626-00336416-00336582 play with uh intermediate
nYUOaIXlhck-01627-00336583-00336710 representations and things like that to
nYUOaIXlhck-01628-00336711-00336863 reduce certain things
nYUOaIXlhck-01629-00336864-00337047 yeah for sure yeah the reminder that
nYUOaIXlhck-01630-00337048-00337215 like these and all things
nYUOaIXlhck-01631-00337216-00337551 ml products don't exist in some abstract
nYUOaIXlhck-01632-00337552-00337606 theoretical
nYUOaIXlhck-01633-00337607-00337799 space and are implemented in real code
nYUOaIXlhck-01634-00337800-00337975 and real systems that come with their
nYUOaIXlhck-01635-00337976-00338134 own flaws was
nYUOaIXlhck-01636-00338135-00338382 yeah like you know it but being reminded
nYUOaIXlhck-01637-00338383-00338558 of it sort of viscerally by look we have
nYUOaIXlhck-01638-00338559-00338847 cves is always is always a great thing
nYUOaIXlhck-01639-00338848-00339151 so cool um so i think this is we
nYUOaIXlhck-01640-00339152-00339271 probably want to leave a few minutes for
nYUOaIXlhck-01641-00339272-00339430 people to fight with the audio as we
nYUOaIXlhck-01642-00339431-00339582 transition over to the workshop
nYUOaIXlhck-01643-00339583-00339830 so um i think we want to call that a
nYUOaIXlhck-01644-00339831-00339895 panel so
nYUOaIXlhck-01645-00339896-00340119 or a discussion so awesome thanks
nYUOaIXlhck-01646-00340120-00340334 everyone thanks for one second
nYUOaIXlhck-01647-00340335-00340606 oh before we jump off uh we have one on
nYUOaIXlhck-01648-00340607-00340695 wednesday
nYUOaIXlhck-01649-00340696-00341023 at 5 p.m pacific time uh
nYUOaIXlhck-01650-00341024-00341334 and we have the i'm guessing
nYUOaIXlhck-01651-00341335-00341454 i think we should go with your paper
nYUOaIXlhck-01652-00341455-00341663 rich the
nYUOaIXlhck-01653-00341664-00341999 the slide deck on yeah the anomaly
nYUOaIXlhck-01654-00342000-00342103 detection
nYUOaIXlhck-01655-00342104-00342239 outside the closed world on using
nYUOaIXlhck-01656-00342240-00342391 machine learning for network intrusion
nYUOaIXlhck-01657-00342392-00342558 detection by robin summon
nYUOaIXlhck-01658-00342559-00342895 and uh vern paxson so we'll post that
nYUOaIXlhck-01659-00342896-00343191 in the the defcon discord will also be
nYUOaIXlhck-01660-00343192-00343423 posted to our discord and twitter so
nYUOaIXlhck-01661-00343424-00343606 if you want to participate you should
nYUOaIXlhck-01662-00343607-00343799 find your way over to our discord we
nYUOaIXlhck-01663-00343800-00343975 can't post a link to that in
nYUOaIXlhck-01664-00343976-00344143 uh the defcon district board but the
nYUOaIXlhck-01665-00344144-00344343 links are places and you can just dm us
nYUOaIXlhck-01666-00344344-00344487 for an invite
nYUOaIXlhck-01667-00344488-00344606 and we'll be discussing that for
nYUOaIXlhck-01668-00344607-00344799 probably an hour and a half on
nYUOaIXlhck-01669-00344800-00345039 uh wednesday and we might be able to get
nYUOaIXlhck-01670-00345040-00345191 one of the authors in even though that
nYUOaIXlhck-01671-00345192-00345551 this is a ten year old paper
nYUOaIXlhck-01672-00345552-00345943 that's impossible far we have come
nYUOaIXlhck-01673-00345944-00346395 all right thanks everyone catch you
nYUOaIXlhck-01674-00346396-00346696 later
nbQnZwL0zLu-00000-00000923-00002399 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00001-00002400-00002588 [Applause]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00002-00002589-00005333 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00003-00005334-00006014 [Laughter]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00005-00010420-00012239 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00007-00016819-00017800 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00008-00017801-00019884 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00010-00028024-00028536 a reading book of deuteronomy remember
nbQnZwL0zLu-00011-00028537-00028745 the long way that the Lord your God has
nbQnZwL0zLu-00012-00028747-00028917 led in these forty years in the
nbQnZwL0zLu-00013-00028918-00029286 wilderness in order to Humble you tested
nbQnZwL0zLu-00014-00029287-00029455 even know what was in your heart whether
nbQnZwL0zLu-00015-00029456-00029727 or not they would keep his Commandments
nbQnZwL0zLu-00016-00029727-00030083 he humbled you by thinking longer about
nbQnZwL0zLu-00017-00030084-00030371 thinking you would man which neither you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00018-00030372-00030752 nor your ancestry were pointing in order
nbQnZwL0zLu-00019-00030753-00030968 to make you understand that what does
nbQnZwL0zLu-00020-00030969-00032315 not by the word of the Lord let us read
nbQnZwL0zLu-00021-00032316-00032655 the you this Psalm 116 verses 10 through
nbQnZwL0zLu-00022-00032656-00033092 17
nbQnZwL0zLu-00023-00033093-00033518 how shall I repay people for all the
nbQnZwL0zLu-00024-00033519-00035431 good things
nbQnZwL0zLu-00025-00035432-00036319 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00026-00036320-00036906 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00027-00036907-00038787 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00028-00038788-00039034 we're reading the first level of the
nbQnZwL0zLu-00029-00039035-00039550 Paul to the Corinthians for I received
nbQnZwL0zLu-00030-00039551-00039754 from the Lord what I also handed on to
nbQnZwL0zLu-00031-00039755-00040063 you that the Lord Jesus on the night
nbQnZwL0zLu-00032-00040064-00040270 when he was betrayed took the local
nbQnZwL0zLu-00033-00040271-00040528 bread when he had given thanks he broke
nbQnZwL0zLu-00034-00040529-00040855 it and said this is my body as for you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00035-00040856-00041139 do this in remembrance of me
nbQnZwL0zLu-00036-00041140-00041416 the same way he took the cup off saw
nbQnZwL0zLu-00037-00041417-00041719 after supper saying this cup is the New
nbQnZwL0zLu-00038-00041720-00042094 Covenant in my blood do this as often as
nbQnZwL0zLu-00039-00042095-00042381 you drink it in remembrance of me
nbQnZwL0zLu-00040-00042382-00042607 Bruce often as you eat this bread and
nbQnZwL0zLu-00041-00042608-00042835 drink the cup you proclaim the Lord's
nbQnZwL0zLu-00042-00042836-00043020 death and twenty times
nbQnZwL0zLu-00043-00043021-00043285 whoever therefore eats the bread or
nbQnZwL0zLu-00044-00043286-00043382 drinks the cup
nbQnZwL0zLu-00045-00043383-00043652 or and another working member will be
nbQnZwL0zLu-00046-00043653-00044035 answerable for the body and the blood
nbQnZwL0zLu-00047-00044036-00044414 examine themselves and only then eat of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00048-00044415-00044759 the bread and drink of the cup for all
nbQnZwL0zLu-00049-00044760-00044858 who need a drink
nbQnZwL0zLu-00050-00044859-00045146 without asserting the body eat and drink
nbQnZwL0zLu-00051-00045147-00045698 judgment against themselves
nbQnZwL0zLu-00052-00045699-00046245 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00053-00046246-00047903 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00055-00056463-00059276 so Jesus
nbQnZwL0zLu-00057-00063554-00063907 my
nbQnZwL0zLu-00058-00063908-00065166 they threw him
nbQnZwL0zLu-00059-00065167-00066661 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00060-00066662-00069264 and importance of the Scriptures yes
nbQnZwL0zLu-00061-00069265-00069931 he has
nbQnZwL0zLu-00063-00073462-00073979 the prayers of the people for five
nbQnZwL0zLu-00064-00073980-00074236 to be found in the
nbQnZwL0zLu-00065-00074237-00074585 page 389
nbQnZwL0zLu-00066-00074586-00074824 in peace let us pray to the Lord say
nbQnZwL0zLu-00067-00074825-00075263 lord have mercy for the Holy Church of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00068-00075264-00075482 God and it may be filled with truth and
nbQnZwL0zLu-00069-00075483-00075776 love to be found without fault at the
nbQnZwL0zLu-00070-00075777-00076107 day of your coming we pray to you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00071-00076108-00076503 four hours for michael ironside
nbQnZwL0zLu-00072-00076504-00076917 admission for brian our vision for all
nbQnZwL0zLu-00073-00076918-00077144 bishops and other ministers and for all
nbQnZwL0zLu-00074-00077145-00077503 the holy people God would pray to you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00075-00077504-00077933 more donors for all the fear God
nbQnZwL0zLu-00076-00077934-00078188 Christ that our provisions make cease
nbQnZwL0zLu-00077-00078189-00078509 and that all may be one as she even
nbQnZwL0zLu-00078-00078510-00078869 father we pray
nbQnZwL0zLu-00079-00078870-00079193 more runners for the mission of the
nbQnZwL0zLu-00080-00079194-00079442 church that in faithful witness they may
nbQnZwL0zLu-00081-00079443-00079604 preach the gospel to the ends of the
nbQnZwL0zLu-00082-00079605-00079644 earth
nbQnZwL0zLu-00083-00079645-00079929 we pray to you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00084-00079930-00080225 more drivers for those who did not yet
nbQnZwL0zLu-00085-00080226-00080406 believe for those who have lost their
nbQnZwL0zLu-00086-00080407-00080663 faith that they may receive the light of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00087-00080664-00080927 the gospel we pray
nbQnZwL0zLu-00088-00080928-00081282 lawyers for the Peace of the world that
nbQnZwL0zLu-00089-00081283-00081510 a spirit respected my parents may grow
nbQnZwL0zLu-00090-00081511-00081943 among nations and peoples we pray
nbQnZwL0zLu-00091-00081944-00082267 our drivers for those in positions of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00092-00082268-00082569 public trust that they may serve justice
nbQnZwL0zLu-00093-00082570-00082737 and about the dignity and freedom of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00094-00082738-00083046 every person we pray to you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00095-00083047-00083385 more runners for all those who didn't
nbQnZwL0zLu-00096-00083386-00083718 work in this community we pray
nbQnZwL0zLu-00097-00083719-00084054 more drivers or a blessing about human
nbQnZwL0zLu-00098-00084055-00084312 labor for the right use of the riches of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00099-00084313-00084588 creation that the world making free from
nbQnZwL0zLu-00100-00084589-00085008 poverty famine and disaster we pray to
nbQnZwL0zLu-00101-00085009-00085419 you O Lord Lord runners for the poor the
nbQnZwL0zLu-00102-00085420-00085599 persecuted sick
nbQnZwL0zLu-00103-00085600-00086022 and also for Refugees prisoners and all
nbQnZwL0zLu-00104-00086023-00086138 who are in danger
nbQnZwL0zLu-00105-00086139-00086441 that they may relieve to protect it we
nbQnZwL0zLu-00106-00086442-00086583 pray to you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00107-00086584-00087102 more visit our rejection that we may be
nbQnZwL0zLu-00108-00087103-00087318 delivered from hardness apart
nbQnZwL0zLu-00109-00087319-00087591 it shows what your glory and all that we
nbQnZwL0zLu-00110-00087592-00088053 do we pray to you O Lord Lord owners for
nbQnZwL0zLu-00111-00088054-00088245 our enemies and those who wishes harm
nbQnZwL0zLu-00112-00088246-00088464 and for all then we have injured or
nbQnZwL0zLu-00113-00088465-00088751 offended we pray to you O Lord
nbQnZwL0zLu-00114-00088752-00089166 mourners ourselves for the giving us of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00115-00089167-00089415 our sins and for the grave Scully's
nbQnZwL0zLu-00116-00089416-00089812 spirit to amend our lives we pray to you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00117-00089813-00090171 warriors probably committed themselves
nbQnZwL0zLu-00118-00090172-00090528 to our prayers our families friends and
nbQnZwL0zLu-00119-00090529-00090610 neighbors
nbQnZwL0zLu-00120-00090611-00090773 the big reforming
nbQnZwL0zLu-00121-00090774-00091049 they may enjoy
nbQnZwL0zLu-00122-00091050-00091335 we pray
nbQnZwL0zLu-00123-00091336-00091731 Lawrence Bravo died comedian in your
nbQnZwL0zLu-00124-00091732-00091966 church and those who think there's no to
nbQnZwL0zLu-00125-00091967-00092341 do mom that with all the saints they may
nbQnZwL0zLu-00126-00092342-00092536 have rests in that place where there is
nbQnZwL0zLu-00127-00092537-00093616 no pain or grief but like Akana
nbQnZwL0zLu-00128-00093617-00096407 you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00129-00096408-00096890 we pray to you or
nbQnZwL0zLu-00130-00096891-00097209 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00131-00097210-00098688 let's commend ourselves in all our
nbQnZwL0zLu-00132-00098689-00099889 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00133-00099890-00100482 the peace of the Lord be aiways today we
nbQnZwL0zLu-00134-00100483-00100774 offer our difference again for our
nbQnZwL0zLu-00135-00100775-00101149 country for all those who are seeking to
nbQnZwL0zLu-00136-00101150-00101549 serve the people of our country
nbQnZwL0zLu-00137-00101550-00101890 for those who are suffering
nbQnZwL0zLu-00138-00101891-00102307 prejudice greed and violence and for
nbQnZwL0zLu-00139-00102308-00102481 those who have anyone else to pray
nbQnZwL0zLu-00140-00102482-00102793 together offer to house sacrifice of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00141-00102794-00103039 Thanksgiving and make up your vows to
nbQnZwL0zLu-00142-00103040-00103991 the most
nbQnZwL0zLu-00143-00103992-00105119 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00145-00108259-00108458 [Laughter]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00146-00108458-00108608 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00147-00108608-00109298 [Laughter]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00148-00109299-00110084 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00149-00110085-00110649 [Laughter]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00150-00110650-00111065 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00151-00111066-00111878 [Laughter]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00152-00111879-00113091 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00153-00113092-00114140 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00154-00114141-00114958 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00155-00114959-00115709 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00156-00115710-00117884 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00158-00122646-00124845 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00159-00124846-00126247 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00160-00126248-00127469 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00161-00127470-00128254 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00163-00131388-00131909 this is my
nbQnZwL0zLu-00164-00131910-00133814 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00165-00133815-00136323 this this is my
nbQnZwL0zLu-00166-00136324-00136380 there
nbQnZwL0zLu-00167-00136381-00137322 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00168-00137323-00138670 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00169-00138671-00139842 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00170-00139843-00140862 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00171-00140863-00141063 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00172-00141064-00142077 Oh
nbQnZwL0zLu-00173-00142078-00144178 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00174-00144179-00146077 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00175-00146078-00149064 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00176-00149065-00149124 Oh
nbQnZwL0zLu-00177-00149125-00149700 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00178-00149701-00150796 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00182-00167493-00169750 Oh
nbQnZwL0zLu-00183-00169751-00170364 there
nbQnZwL0zLu-00184-00170365-00171572 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00185-00171573-00172583 [Music]
nbQnZwL0zLu-00186-00172584-00173199 Oh
nbQnZwL0zLu-00187-00173200-00173795 spirit among other maybe balls that is
nbQnZwL0zLu-00188-00173796-00176201 possible
nbQnZwL0zLu-00189-00176202-00176586 wasn't that a wonderful service as they
nbQnZwL0zLu-00190-00176587-00176907 all have been thanks to Nancy Poston and
nbQnZwL0zLu-00191-00176908-00177302 Orton and Bryan and Karla for her
nbQnZwL0zLu-00192-00177303-00177720 spiritually uplifting music and of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00193-00177721-00178038 course to Father bode for his mastery in
nbQnZwL0zLu-00194-00178039-00178521 orchestrating these virtual events but
nbQnZwL0zLu-00195-00178522-00178827 my mission today is to sadly announced
nbQnZwL0zLu-00196-00178828-00179019 that that will be father bodis last with
nbQnZwL0zLu-00197-00179020-00179595 us he came by my house on Wednesday and
nbQnZwL0zLu-00198-00179596-00180012 to advise me that the challenges of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00199-00180013-00180297 caring for Suzanne's aging parents which
nbQnZwL0zLu-00200-00180298-00180653 most of you know that that's the reason
nbQnZwL0zLu-00201-00180654-00180831 they moved to Chattanooga in the first
nbQnZwL0zLu-00202-00180832-00181161 place but that those challenges and
nbQnZwL0zLu-00203-00181162-00181514 complexities married with serving well
nbQnZwL0zLu-00204-00181515-00181806 as our interim rector that had just
nbQnZwL0zLu-00205-00181807-00182232 grown too burdensome and that for his
nbQnZwL0zLu-00206-00182233-00182781 his own sake he needs to move on from
nbQnZwL0zLu-00207-00182782-00183099 being our senior rector I know that all
nbQnZwL0zLu-00208-00183100-00183479 of you that all will you all of you will
nbQnZwL0zLu-00209-00183480-00183684 miss him sorely I know Nancy and I
nbQnZwL0zLu-00210-00183685-00184190 certainly will and I know that many of
nbQnZwL0zLu-00211-00184191-00184383 you will want to reach out to him and
nbQnZwL0zLu-00212-00184384-00184572 Suzanne in your own way to encourage you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00213-00184573-00185010 to do that and and offer Thanksgiving
nbQnZwL0zLu-00214-00185011-00185319 and prayers of the time that we had
nbQnZwL0zLu-00215-00185320-00185688 together to share our lives it has been
nbQnZwL0zLu-00216-00185689-00185868 truly a wonderful chapter in Christ
nbQnZwL0zLu-00217-00185869-00186411 Church time I did speak to the bishop on
nbQnZwL0zLu-00218-00186412-00186609 Thursday and it was a good conversation
nbQnZwL0zLu-00219-00186610-00186965 but I did tell the bishop Christchurch
nbQnZwL0zLu-00220-00186966-00187344 is going to be just fine
nbQnZwL0zLu-00221-00187345-00187587 we have over the years developed a CAD
nbQnZwL0zLu-00222-00187588-00187938 ray of loving and willing priests who
nbQnZwL0zLu-00223-00187939-00188252 will step in whenever we need them and
nbQnZwL0zLu-00224-00188253-00188550 that we're going to be just fine you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00225-00188551-00189002 know as we turn this page in our
nbQnZwL0zLu-00226-00189003-00189384 Christchurch life as any pages in
nbQnZwL0zLu-00227-00189385-00189612 turned in you know in my life and our
nbQnZwL0zLu-00228-00189613-00189984 lives where their sadness
nbQnZwL0zLu-00229-00189985-00190335 there is also opportunity on the other
nbQnZwL0zLu-00230-00190336-00190925 side there is a time for reflection
nbQnZwL0zLu-00231-00190926-00191331 there is a time for self-examination and
nbQnZwL0zLu-00232-00191332-00191685 there is a time for planning and now is
nbQnZwL0zLu-00233-00191686-00192104 that time I know that Christchurch has
nbQnZwL0zLu-00234-00192105-00192531 such vast vast potential and in my
nbQnZwL0zLu-00235-00192532-00192834 observation that potential has been just
nbQnZwL0zLu-00236-00192835-00193344 barely tapped and so I would ask that
nbQnZwL0zLu-00237-00193345-00193764 during this time to join with the vestry
nbQnZwL0zLu-00238-00193765-00194406 in envisioning your dreams and to reach
nbQnZwL0zLu-00239-00194407-00194802 out to the vestry or to me to have a
nbQnZwL0zLu-00240-00194803-00195174 dialogue about bringing those dreams to
nbQnZwL0zLu-00241-00195175-00195890 realization I'm sorry that that I'm
nbQnZwL0zLu-00242-00195891-00196190 bringing you this sad news closing a
nbQnZwL0zLu-00243-00196191-00196464 chapter of our life with father Bodie
nbQnZwL0zLu-00244-00196465-00196782 and Suzanne together and I hope that I
nbQnZwL0zLu-00245-00196783-00197076 see many of you on hospitality our here
nbQnZwL0zLu-00246-00197077-00197325 in just a few minutes or communicate
nbQnZwL0zLu-00247-00197326-00197589 with you in the near future I hope you
nbQnZwL0zLu-00248-00197590-00197753 know you can always reach out to me I'm
nbQnZwL0zLu-00249-00197754-00198075 available pretty much any time and as
nbQnZwL0zLu-00250-00198076-00198894 our of the vestry
nbQnZwL0zLu-00251-00198895-00199531 you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00000-00000280-00000471 good morning ebf nice to be back back in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00001-00000472-00000599 the field again
ncfOzBTkHsM-00002-00000600-00000703 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00003-00000704-00000894 so the title of talk pretty much says it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00004-00000896-00001054 all we're going to cover time zones in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00005-00001055-00001183 daylight saving time we cover a couple
ncfOzBTkHsM-00006-00001184-00001350 of other things first
ncfOzBTkHsM-00007-00001351-00001543 railway time which is basically leads up
ncfOzBTkHsM-00008-00001544-00001710 to time zones
ncfOzBTkHsM-00009-00001711-00001855 and we're going to solve the problem at
ncfOzBTkHsM-00010-00001855-00002087 the end of why your phone knows that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00011-00002088-00002263 it's daylight saving time even if you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00012-00002264-00002502 don't so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00013-00002503-00002742 we'll kick off in britain
ncfOzBTkHsM-00014-00002743-00002871 at the till end of the sort of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00015-00002872-00003023 industrial revolution there's kind of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00016-00003024-00003286 two important networks that come out um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00017-00003288-00003495 that affect time keeping so the first is
ncfOzBTkHsM-00018-00003496-00003719 the rail network in about the 1830s and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00019-00003720-00004470 then the electric telegraph in the 1840s
ncfOzBTkHsM-00020-00004471-00004679 okay
ncfOzBTkHsM-00021-00004680-00004822 ah
ncfOzBTkHsM-00022-00004823-00004999 everyone
ncfOzBTkHsM-00023-00005000-00005551 the usb is the hdmi is here
ncfOzBTkHsM-00024-00005552-00005983 okay i'll rewind so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00025-00005984-00006127 right you can now see what it talks
ncfOzBTkHsM-00026-00006128-00006263 about yeah time zones they're like
ncfOzBTkHsM-00027-00006264-00006559 saving time um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00028-00006559-00006751 so yeah like i said at the beginning
ncfOzBTkHsM-00029-00006752-00006887 there's we're going to cover railway
ncfOzBTkHsM-00030-00006888-00007070 time because it kind of leads up into
ncfOzBTkHsM-00031-00007072-00007198 the time zone system so it's probably
ncfOzBTkHsM-00032-00007200-00007359 worth covering that first and then in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00033-00007359-00007503 the end we'll um we'll answer the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00034-00007504-00007646 question of the phone and how your phone
ncfOzBTkHsM-00035-00007647-00007895 knows when it's dst or not so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00036-00007895-00008031 railway time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00037-00008031-00008214 um two important networks coming out of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00038-00008215-00008487 the late industrial revolution the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00039-00008488-00008678 rail network and the telegraph and they
ncfOzBTkHsM-00040-00008679-00008895 both have an impact on
ncfOzBTkHsM-00041-00008896-00009063 the history of timekeeping
ncfOzBTkHsM-00042-00009064-00009295 this is the first intercity railway this
ncfOzBTkHsM-00043-00009296-00009471 is um the liverpool to manchester
ncfOzBTkHsM-00044-00009472-00009831 railway in 1830 going an ungodly speed
ncfOzBTkHsM-00045-00009832-00010151 of 30 miles an hour
ncfOzBTkHsM-00046-00010152-00010406 within about 20 years
ncfOzBTkHsM-00047-00010407-00010710 the network grows we get um top speeds
ncfOzBTkHsM-00048-00010711-00010919 of 78 miles an hour
ncfOzBTkHsM-00049-00010920-00011087 and quite you know broad network pretty
ncfOzBTkHsM-00050-00011088-00011303 much everywhere is connected
ncfOzBTkHsM-00051-00011304-00011519 and there's some standardization that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00052-00011520-00011759 comes around around timekeeping so um to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00053-00011760-00011959 kind of explain there's a lot of spiders
ncfOzBTkHsM-00054-00011960-00012263 here
ncfOzBTkHsM-00055-00012264-00012527 to kind of explain
ncfOzBTkHsM-00056-00012528-00012783 why the timekeeping issue arises we're
ncfOzBTkHsM-00057-00012784-00012983 going to take an imaginary journey so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00058-00012984-00013279 let's say you get on um in london
ncfOzBTkHsM-00059-00013280-00013463 london paddington you've got your stove
ncfOzBTkHsM-00060-00013463-00013630 pipe hat on and your copy of the time's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00061-00013631-00013815 under your arm and you're traveling to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00062-00013816-00013943 bristol temple means you're going
ncfOzBTkHsM-00063-00013944-00014103 westwards and it's going to be about a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00064-00014104-00014303 four hour journey
ncfOzBTkHsM-00065-00014304-00014430 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00066-00014431-00014566 you've got incredible sight lines you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00067-00014568-00014686 can see ben
ncfOzBTkHsM-00068-00014687-00014951 big ben somehow from paddington um and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00069-00014952-00015094 you check it's one o'clock in london
ncfOzBTkHsM-00070-00015095-00015286 it's one o'clock on your pocket watch
ncfOzBTkHsM-00071-00015287-00015527 you travel for four hours
ncfOzBTkHsM-00072-00015528-00015703 on your pocket watch it's five o'clock
ncfOzBTkHsM-00073-00015704-00015894 but when you arrive in bristol
ncfOzBTkHsM-00074-00015895-00016079 the clocks all say something different
ncfOzBTkHsM-00075-00016080-00016311 they say 4 49 see somehow you've gained
ncfOzBTkHsM-00076-00016312-00016519 11 minutes um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00077-00016520-00016686 why why is that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00078-00016687-00016791 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00079-00016792-00017015 so to answer that question you sort of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00080-00017016-00017207 have to realize that at this point in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00081-00017208-00017343 time there is no sort of time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00082-00017344-00017558 standardization really so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00083-00017559-00017727 in london it's like you're in greenwich
ncfOzBTkHsM-00084-00017728-00017943 park in london and you you see the sun
ncfOzBTkHsM-00085-00017944-00018094 in the sky and you track as it goes
ncfOzBTkHsM-00086-00018095-00018263 overhead and at the highest point in the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00087-00018264-00018535 sky that is noon in london
ncfOzBTkHsM-00088-00018536-00018735 you do the same in bristol so when it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00089-00018736-00018943 goes overhead that's noon in bristol
ncfOzBTkHsM-00090-00018944-00019175 those are not simultaneous events
ncfOzBTkHsM-00091-00019176-00019399 they happen about 11 minutes apart
ncfOzBTkHsM-00092-00019400-00019663 because the earth is rotating so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00093-00019664-00019894 local time in bristol is not the same as
ncfOzBTkHsM-00094-00019895-00020071 local time in london they are off by a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00095-00020072-00020214 little bit
ncfOzBTkHsM-00096-00020215-00020391 so that's a problem if you're trying to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00097-00020392-00020471 make
ncfOzBTkHsM-00098-00020472-00020663 railroad scheduling or railroad
ncfOzBTkHsM-00099-00020664-00020791 timetables
ncfOzBTkHsM-00100-00020792-00020878 so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00101-00020879-00021103 a bit of a trauma warning for this
ncfOzBTkHsM-00102-00021104-00021367 next slide if you work in graphic design
ncfOzBTkHsM-00103-00021368-00021527 or user experience you might want to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00104-00021528-00021830 look away now
ncfOzBTkHsM-00105-00021831-00022175 this is railway timetables in the 1840s
ncfOzBTkHsM-00106-00022176-00022383 and obviously timetables are hard anyway
ncfOzBTkHsM-00107-00022384-00022519 but when you get everything running on
ncfOzBTkHsM-00108-00022520-00022686 local time it's just way more
ncfOzBTkHsM-00109-00022687-00022967 complicated so what came about was a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00110-00022968-00023143 sort of standardization or a move
ncfOzBTkHsM-00111-00023144-00023391 towards a standard time um and gmt was
ncfOzBTkHsM-00112-00023392-00023575 the obvious one i mean greenwich
ncfOzBTkHsM-00113-00023576-00023711 observatory had been around a couple of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00114-00023712-00023871 hundred years at this point and all of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00115-00023872-00024047 the maps and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00116-00024048-00024207 you know some c charts and whatever
ncfOzBTkHsM-00117-00024208-00024383 we're all using gmt
ncfOzBTkHsM-00118-00024384-00024655 um so it made sense to move on to gmt so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00119-00024656-00024894 uh great western were the first to do it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00120-00024895-00025127 and it sort of became standardized in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00121-00025128-00025342 1847 then it took a while for it to sort
ncfOzBTkHsM-00122-00025343-00025583 of roll out to the rest of the uk
ncfOzBTkHsM-00123-00025584-00025878 um but yeah by 1855 pretty much
ncfOzBTkHsM-00124-00025879-00026014 all the times the cities had moved
ncfOzBTkHsM-00125-00026016-00026358 across um it wasn't universally nobody's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00126-00026360-00026511 universally happy but obviously london
ncfOzBTkHsM-00127-00026512-00026646 was because you know you have to change
ncfOzBTkHsM-00128-00026647-00026839 your clocks or anything but bristol was
ncfOzBTkHsM-00129-00026839-00027023 the one that was one of the ones that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00130-00027024-00027190 wasn't entirely happy about it this is
ncfOzBTkHsM-00131-00027191-00027399 the bristol exchange clock installed in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00132-00027400-00027543 1822
ncfOzBTkHsM-00133-00027544-00027774 the hands on the i'll see where this can
ncfOzBTkHsM-00134-00027775-00028039 go on the left hand side there's two two
ncfOzBTkHsM-00135-00028039-00028158 red hands
ncfOzBTkHsM-00136-00028160-00028343 those show the hour in the minute in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00137-00028344-00028535 bristol local time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00138-00028536-00028702 but that extra hand on the other side
ncfOzBTkHsM-00139-00028704-00028862 was added later
ncfOzBTkHsM-00140-00028863-00029014 and that actually shows gmt so that's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00141-00029016-00029135 not actually a second hand that's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00142-00029136-00029351 another minute hand so you can imagine
ncfOzBTkHsM-00143-00029352-00029470 sort of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00144-00029472-00029655 bristol here then locked 11 minutes
ncfOzBTkHsM-00145-00029656-00029799 apart as it kind of moved around like
ncfOzBTkHsM-00146-00029800-00029974 that so that that clock's still there i
ncfOzBTkHsM-00147-00029975-00030158 checked on um street view before i came
ncfOzBTkHsM-00148-00030160-00030327 in so you can still go and see i i want
ncfOzBTkHsM-00149-00030327-00030455 to go see it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00150-00030456-00030623 um but yeah even bristol came on board
ncfOzBTkHsM-00151-00030624-00030951 eventually in 1852 so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00152-00030952-00031111 so imagine
ncfOzBTkHsM-00153-00031112-00031246 the same problem
ncfOzBTkHsM-00154-00031247-00031479 railroad scheduling timetables and so on
ncfOzBTkHsM-00155-00031480-00031718 um in america much bigger area so you've
ncfOzBTkHsM-00156-00031719-00032095 got um a much sort of larger
ncfOzBTkHsM-00157-00032095-00032335 more developed railroad network as well
ncfOzBTkHsM-00158-00032336-00032607 um in 1853 shortly after britain's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00159-00032608-00032783 standardized on gmt there was a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00160-00032784-00032990 particularly nasty railroad accident on
ncfOzBTkHsM-00161-00032991-00033223 the providence of worcester line
ncfOzBTkHsM-00162-00033224-00033407 railroad
ncfOzBTkHsM-00163-00033408-00033590 many people died and it was basically
ncfOzBTkHsM-00164-00033591-00033918 attributed to bad scheduling
ncfOzBTkHsM-00165-00033919-00034102 so this is the railway network a little
ncfOzBTkHsM-00166-00034103-00034279 bit further on the 1870s and you can see
ncfOzBTkHsM-00167-00034280-00034439 it stretches all the way across the usa
ncfOzBTkHsM-00168-00034440-00034623 so there's quite um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00169-00034624-00034879 quite a lot of work to be done if you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00170-00034880-00035127 want to take a journey from new york
ncfOzBTkHsM-00171-00035128-00035415 across to san francisco looking at that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00172-00035416-00035495 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00173-00035496-00035687 you're probably gonna have to jump a few
ncfOzBTkHsM-00174-00035688-00035895 few lines and the way that the networks
ncfOzBTkHsM-00175-00035896-00036135 were in america was
ncfOzBTkHsM-00176-00036136-00036367 all of the trained
ncfOzBTkHsM-00177-00036368-00036662 railroad timetables ran on whatever the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00178-00036663-00036927 corporate headquarters was for the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00179-00036928-00037159 railroad so new york central railroad
ncfOzBTkHsM-00180-00037160-00037343 ran new york time so if you're trying to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00181-00037344-00037471 make a connection you imagine you're
ncfOzBTkHsM-00182-00037472-00037607 sitting in somewhere in the middle and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00183-00037608-00037767 you've got to work at what local time is
ncfOzBTkHsM-00184-00037768-00037927 in new york and then convert that in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00185-00037928-00038030 your head and then you've got a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00186-00038031-00038151 connection to make so you've got to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00187-00038152-00038302 connect to something else and there's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00188-00038303-00038455 all sorts of things done to try and make
ncfOzBTkHsM-00189-00038456-00038623 this easy but it's it's not an easy
ncfOzBTkHsM-00190-00038624-00038902 problem to solve so standardization was
ncfOzBTkHsM-00191-00038903-00039159 one way to try and simplify this problem
ncfOzBTkHsM-00192-00039160-00039295 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00193-00039296-00039599 america's bigger you know so a time zone
ncfOzBTkHsM-00194-00039600-00039774 system was the sort of the way that they
ncfOzBTkHsM-00195-00039775-00039927 approached they looked at the gmt and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00196-00039928-00040007 then
ncfOzBTkHsM-00197-00040008-00040246 essentially applied it into five zones
ncfOzBTkHsM-00198-00040247-00040495 across um the us
ncfOzBTkHsM-00199-00040496-00040671 notice they
ncfOzBTkHsM-00200-00040672-00040759 sort
ncfOzBTkHsM-00201-00040760-00040911 there's the circles at the top that's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00202-00040912-00041143 degrees of longitude so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00203-00041144-00041351 um i don't know if we've got anybody any
ncfOzBTkHsM-00204-00041352-00041471 small children but i'm going to kind of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00205-00041472-00041607 cover latitude and longitude very
ncfOzBTkHsM-00206-00041608-00041751 quickly so everyone sort of knows what
ncfOzBTkHsM-00207-00041752-00041974 it is it's a way of pinpointing a point
ncfOzBTkHsM-00208-00041975-00042087 on the globe
ncfOzBTkHsM-00209-00042088-00042374 um latitude lines go
ncfOzBTkHsM-00210-00042375-00042574 around the globe um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00211-00042575-00042735 big fat one around the middle much like
ncfOzBTkHsM-00212-00042736-00042990 myself um is the equator and then you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00213-00042991-00043255 rise of longitude around pulse pole
ncfOzBTkHsM-00214-00043256-00043415 and we'd find one of those as being the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00215-00043416-00043639 prime meridian so that becomes zero and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00216-00043640-00043830 everything else gets a number every 15
ncfOzBTkHsM-00217-00043831-00044095 degrees around the earth um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00218-00044096-00044302 having a prime meridian gives you a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00219-00044303-00044415 weird side effect called the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00220-00044416-00044551 international date line which we'll look
ncfOzBTkHsM-00221-00044552-00044735 at in a bit as well so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00222-00044736-00044918 right so this is the time zone system
ncfOzBTkHsM-00223-00044919-00045111 and get spiders out of the way
ncfOzBTkHsM-00224-00045112-00045487 1883 we've got britain on gmt uh you've
ncfOzBTkHsM-00225-00045488-00045679 got america with its sort of five zone
ncfOzBTkHsM-00226-00045680-00045871 system also using
ncfOzBTkHsM-00227-00045872-00046102 um greenwich as uh the prime meridian
ncfOzBTkHsM-00228-00046103-00046335 because of the way that came about
ncfOzBTkHsM-00229-00046336-00046646 um 1884 rolls around and the idea is to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00230-00046647-00046790 take this system and roll it out to the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00231-00046791-00046911 entire world
ncfOzBTkHsM-00232-00046912-00047190 so there is a conference to do that um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00233-00047191-00047343 the international meridian conference
ncfOzBTkHsM-00234-00047344-00047683 meets in washington dc
ncfOzBTkHsM-00235-00047684-00047983 yeah there's some fabulous mustaches and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00236-00047984-00048215 beards going on in this workout here um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00237-00048216-00048479 41 delegates from 26 countries including
ncfOzBTkHsM-00238-00048480-00048751 such stars of the ottoman empire um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00239-00048752-00048895 and hawaii which was actually an
ncfOzBTkHsM-00240-00048896-00049151 independent nation at that point so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00241-00049152-00049311 so here's what they debated
ncfOzBTkHsM-00242-00049312-00049471 um there's lots of things on here but
ncfOzBTkHsM-00243-00049472-00049655 resolution two was the principle one
ncfOzBTkHsM-00244-00049656-00049783 that's the one that says we're going to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00245-00049784-00050055 make greenwich or gmt the prime meridian
ncfOzBTkHsM-00246-00050056-00050167 of the world
ncfOzBTkHsM-00247-00050168-00050399 um here's what i've been down 22 nations
ncfOzBTkHsM-00248-00050400-00050662 voted for it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00249-00050663-00050823 the dominican public voted against it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00250-00050824-00050958 i've actually got haven't got the bottom
ncfOzBTkHsM-00251-00050959-00051143 of why that was i would like to know um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00252-00051144-00051382 brazil and france abstained
ncfOzBTkHsM-00253-00051383-00051623 so why gredish
ncfOzBTkHsM-00254-00051624-00051799 these were all possible meridians in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00255-00051800-00052014 1884
ncfOzBTkHsM-00256-00052015-00052102 every
ncfOzBTkHsM-00257-00052103-00052294 sort of major power in europe had an
ncfOzBTkHsM-00258-00052295-00052535 observatory and every observatory
ncfOzBTkHsM-00259-00052536-00052750 made observations and therefore they had
ncfOzBTkHsM-00260-00052751-00052935 a meridian of their own you know france
ncfOzBTkHsM-00261-00052936-00053159 would have had the paris observatory
ncfOzBTkHsM-00262-00053160-00053391 uh you know copenhagen for denmark et
ncfOzBTkHsM-00263-00053391-00053519 cetera et cetera so all of these were
ncfOzBTkHsM-00264-00053520-00053750 possible so why particularly greenwich
ncfOzBTkHsM-00265-00053751-00053847 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00266-00053848-00054054 well it ended up it's kind of boring as
ncfOzBTkHsM-00267-00054055-00054319 really but it's pragmatism um the us and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00268-00054320-00054511 british systems were already
ncfOzBTkHsM-00269-00054512-00054703 using it um so no there's no need to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00270-00054704-00054903 make any changes but the kind of killer
ncfOzBTkHsM-00271-00054904-00055103 blow really was that britain was kind of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00272-00055104-00055223 at the height of its
ncfOzBTkHsM-00273-00055224-00055454 sea power at this point um and british
ncfOzBTkHsM-00274-00055455-00055679 naval charts had greenwich on them so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00275-00055679-00055791 you didn't have to print a whole bunch
ncfOzBTkHsM-00276-00055791-00056007 of new charts you basically just kept
ncfOzBTkHsM-00277-00056008-00056247 the old ones and greenwich was accepted
ncfOzBTkHsM-00278-00056248-00056407 so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00279-00056408-00056535 right a couple of things about the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00280-00056536-00056782 primary ian if you get a chance
ncfOzBTkHsM-00281-00056783-00056942 um i really do recommend going to the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00282-00056944-00057094 royal branch observatory it's in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00283-00057095-00057247 greenwich park it's beautiful it's got
ncfOzBTkHsM-00284-00057248-00057407 lots of fun stuff going on inside it's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00285-00057408-00057671 got harrison c clocks and h4 and things
ncfOzBTkHsM-00286-00057672-00057775 like that so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00287-00057776-00057950 um but if you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00288-00057951-00058079 go there you will probably get your
ncfOzBTkHsM-00289-00058079-00058271 photograph taken on this line because
ncfOzBTkHsM-00290-00058272-00058391 it's one of the things that you can do
ncfOzBTkHsM-00291-00058391-00058607 there that there is a group of people
ncfOzBTkHsM-00292-00058608-00058703 hopefully you can see it in the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00293-00058704-00058879 photograph so the group of people on
ncfOzBTkHsM-00294-00058879-00058999 there and they're crowded on the line
ncfOzBTkHsM-00295-00059000-00059135 and you get a photograph and that's you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00296-00059136-00059359 on the on the prime meridian
ncfOzBTkHsM-00297-00059360-00059526 um it's worth pointing out prime
ncfOzBTkHsM-00298-00059527-00059782 meridian is a magical invisible line and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00299-00059783-00060023 it goes through all sorts of places so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00300-00060024-00060166 you could probably get your photograph
ncfOzBTkHsM-00301-00060167-00060447 much quicker in a pizza in mali or
ncfOzBTkHsM-00302-00060448-00060663 something you know there's and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00303-00060664-00060815 there's plenty of places on that line
ncfOzBTkHsM-00304-00060816-00060991 but the people everyone likes to go and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00305-00060991-00061126 get it done out there so i've kind of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00306-00061127-00061254 drawn the line on so it's a little bit
ncfOzBTkHsM-00307-00061255-00061382 clearer
ncfOzBTkHsM-00308-00061383-00061711 so the line in red is that's still in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00309-00061712-00061887 as it sort of runs in and you'll see it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00310-00061888-00062015 kind of goes in through a door and then
ncfOzBTkHsM-00311-00062016-00062254 it's dotted it all the way through
ncfOzBTkHsM-00312-00062255-00062350 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00313-00062351-00062535 this is what the back looks like my
ncfOzBTkHsM-00314-00062536-00062703 beautiful assistant here is
ncfOzBTkHsM-00315-00062704-00062871 demonstrating it goes into a door and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00316-00062872-00063006 you can see there's lots of flaps and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00317-00063007-00063238 stuff a bit further up and at the back
ncfOzBTkHsM-00318-00063239-00063454 you've got the same sort of thing so the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00319-00063455-00063575 reason for that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00320-00063576-00063719 is that inside
ncfOzBTkHsM-00321-00063720-00063879 it all opens up
ncfOzBTkHsM-00322-00063879-00064054 and you have what's called the airy
ncfOzBTkHsM-00323-00064055-00064263 transit instrument in there which is
ncfOzBTkHsM-00324-00064264-00064454 essentially a telescope that's on a sort
ncfOzBTkHsM-00325-00064455-00064638 of cog if you like so it's it only moves
ncfOzBTkHsM-00326-00064639-00064894 in one direction but um what it does is
ncfOzBTkHsM-00327-00064895-00065006 it tracks
ncfOzBTkHsM-00328-00065007-00065271 a star in the sky and it as it transits
ncfOzBTkHsM-00329-00065272-00065479 across um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00330-00065479-00065711 the the sky so that's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00331-00065712-00065950 that particular instrument was designed
ncfOzBTkHsM-00332-00065951-00066143 by george biddlery who was the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00333-00066144-00066367 astronomer royal at the time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00334-00066368-00066455 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00335-00066456-00066543 and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00336-00066544-00066831 because the prime meridian was defined
ncfOzBTkHsM-00337-00066832-00067087 as being greenwich this was uh it was
ncfOzBTkHsM-00338-00067088-00067247 essentially the airy meridian
ncfOzBTkHsM-00339-00067248-00067519 specifically his meridian
ncfOzBTkHsM-00340-00067520-00067694 that became the primary name
ncfOzBTkHsM-00341-00067695-00067911 and fun fact it's not his only one
ncfOzBTkHsM-00342-00067912-00068159 there's one on mars
ncfOzBTkHsM-00343-00068160-00068335 it runs through the airy crater as you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00344-00068336-00068479 can see it just there on the right hand
ncfOzBTkHsM-00345-00068480-00068582 side
ncfOzBTkHsM-00346-00068583-00068743 so yeah he has two prime meridians which
ncfOzBTkHsM-00347-00068744-00068975 is like mad skills
ncfOzBTkHsM-00348-00068976-00069094 yeah
ncfOzBTkHsM-00349-00069095-00069255 okay if you walk around greenwich you'll
ncfOzBTkHsM-00350-00069256-00069415 notice plaques on the wall so there are
ncfOzBTkHsM-00351-00069416-00069567 other meridians this is the point of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00352-00069568-00069767 making the area was the specifically the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00353-00069768-00070015 prime meridian and john flamstead who
ncfOzBTkHsM-00354-00070016-00070359 was the original first astronomer oil um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00355-00070360-00070519 he gets one as well
ncfOzBTkHsM-00356-00070520-00070694 when they built the royal greenwich
ncfOzBTkHsM-00357-00070695-00070911 observatory it was um they spent a lot
ncfOzBTkHsM-00358-00070912-00071055 of money on it but they didn't actually
ncfOzBTkHsM-00359-00071056-00071206 spend any money on equipment he had to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00360-00071207-00071455 buy his own so when he got his act
ncfOzBTkHsM-00361-00071456-00071671 together and got some kit then he put it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00362-00071672-00071862 in that point and that became his period
ncfOzBTkHsM-00363-00071863-00072094 and the second one is the uh edmund
ncfOzBTkHsM-00364-00072095-00072287 halley the second astronomer all so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00365-00072288-00072423 you'll see these kind of dotted around
ncfOzBTkHsM-00366-00072424-00072599 if you're up there
ncfOzBTkHsM-00367-00072600-00072775 the other fun fact as well i mean as
ncfOzBTkHsM-00368-00072776-00072935 probably this crowd might know this one
ncfOzBTkHsM-00369-00072936-00073119 but the primarily in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00370-00073120-00073391 is not the same as the gps sparing its
ncfOzBTkHsM-00371-00073392-00073606 official name is the international earth
ncfOzBTkHsM-00372-00073607-00073815 rotation and reference service meridian
ncfOzBTkHsM-00373-00073816-00073982 reference meridian
ncfOzBTkHsM-00374-00073983-00074135 but called let's go and call it gps for
ncfOzBTkHsM-00375-00074136-00074311 now but there are they're quite
ncfOzBTkHsM-00376-00074312-00074503 different quite far apart um there's a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00377-00074504-00074687 bin that marks it so you can't actually
ncfOzBTkHsM-00378-00074688-00074831 find it if you're if you're looking for
ncfOzBTkHsM-00379-00074832-00075047 it but it's not really or you can take
ncfOzBTkHsM-00380-00075048-00075223 your gps receiver and then you will find
ncfOzBTkHsM-00381-00075224-00075526 it um the reason for this
ncfOzBTkHsM-00382-00075527-00075775 is a little complicated essentially
ncfOzBTkHsM-00383-00075776-00075959 models of the earth in 1800 models of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00384-00075960-00076215 the earth in 1960s whenever gps was
ncfOzBTkHsM-00385-00076216-00076326 being developed
ncfOzBTkHsM-00386-00076327-00076599 are have improved so that's the short
ncfOzBTkHsM-00387-00076600-00076767 answer there is a paper on it if you're
ncfOzBTkHsM-00388-00076768-00076926 interested you go into the all the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00389-00076927-00077082 details
ncfOzBTkHsM-00390-00077083-00077319 um the royal grence observatory is not
ncfOzBTkHsM-00391-00077320-00077526 the only royal observatory in london um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00392-00077527-00077726 i only found this out a few years back
ncfOzBTkHsM-00393-00077727-00077911 but there's a observatory in queue
ncfOzBTkHsM-00394-00077912-00078079 called the king's observatory um built
ncfOzBTkHsM-00395-00078080-00078271 for george iii it's beautiful building
ncfOzBTkHsM-00396-00078272-00078447 looks really good it's in a golf course
ncfOzBTkHsM-00397-00078448-00078615 apparently but um i would like to get it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00398-00078616-00078791 at some point and of course it had its
ncfOzBTkHsM-00399-00078792-00078982 own equipment so i get some meridians so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00400-00078983-00079150 a few meridians in london right we're
ncfOzBTkHsM-00401-00079151-00079350 going to cover time zones in theory i'll
ncfOzBTkHsM-00402-00079351-00079494 do practice in a second but this is how
ncfOzBTkHsM-00403-00079495-00079671 it's supposed to work
ncfOzBTkHsM-00404-00079672-00079967 here's the earth we divide it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00405-00079968-00080182 15 degrees of longitude and with a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00406-00080183-00080462 primary in in greenwich
ncfOzBTkHsM-00407-00080463-00080591 which gives you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00408-00080592-00080726 an international date line in the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00409-00080727-00080903 pacific
ncfOzBTkHsM-00410-00080904-00080999 okay
ncfOzBTkHsM-00411-00081000-00081255 how this works in practice is any
ncfOzBTkHsM-00412-00081256-00081535 territory that is in one in in a zone
ncfOzBTkHsM-00413-00081536-00081726 can be in the zone or it can decide to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00414-00081727-00081950 be somewhere else and that happens a lot
ncfOzBTkHsM-00415-00081951-00082031 so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00416-00082032-00082159 actually no i'll give you the width of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00417-00082160-00082335 the zone so the zones are 15 degrees
ncfOzBTkHsM-00418-00082336-00082511 apart as well but the line down the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00419-00082512-00082662 middle and it's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00420-00082663-00082815 seven and a half degrees either side so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00421-00082816-00083038 it's they span 15 degrees from the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00422-00083039-00083167 center of that point so if i take the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00423-00083168-00083279 lines away it's probably a little easier
ncfOzBTkHsM-00424-00083280-00083462 to see
ncfOzBTkHsM-00425-00083463-00083638 right in practice it gets a little
ncfOzBTkHsM-00426-00083639-00083743 messier
ncfOzBTkHsM-00427-00083744-00083911 because you know it's the real world and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00428-00083912-00084103 there's country boundaries and all sorts
ncfOzBTkHsM-00429-00084104-00084335 of stuff going on um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00430-00084336-00084550 not everything runs on one or
ncfOzBTkHsM-00431-00084551-00084735 time zones either there's quite a lot of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00432-00084736-00085006 half our time zones um daughter about
ncfOzBTkHsM-00433-00085007-00085167 and in fact there's a couple of what
ncfOzBTkHsM-00434-00085168-00085367 three 45-minute ones
ncfOzBTkHsM-00435-00085368-00085575 nepal being the most um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00436-00085576-00085782 sort of well-known example
ncfOzBTkHsM-00437-00085783-00086038 uh the time the thing to kind of know
ncfOzBTkHsM-00438-00086039-00086143 about
ncfOzBTkHsM-00439-00086144-00086335 this is such a messy thing the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00440-00086336-00086567 international dateline
ncfOzBTkHsM-00441-00086568-00086782 is a phenomenon caused by having the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00442-00086783-00087094 prime meridian there is no standards for
ncfOzBTkHsM-00443-00087095-00087326 this at all it's just a side effect of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00444-00087327-00087518 having the prime meridian so there's a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00445-00087519-00087767 lot of leeway in terms of if let's say
ncfOzBTkHsM-00446-00087768-00088038 you're piling a ship across
ncfOzBTkHsM-00447-00088039-00088215 the dateline it's entirely up to you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00448-00088216-00088359 really when you set your clocks and how
ncfOzBTkHsM-00449-00088360-00088599 you how you shift across and any lines
ncfOzBTkHsM-00450-00088600-00088855 that you see are guidance really so this
ncfOzBTkHsM-00451-00088856-00089079 way you get quite a lot of um difference
ncfOzBTkHsM-00452-00089080-00089206 when you sort of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00453-00089207-00089431 see how google have it and how you know
ncfOzBTkHsM-00454-00089432-00089638 other maps and draw it because there
ncfOzBTkHsM-00455-00089639-00089759 really is no
ncfOzBTkHsM-00456-00089760-00089982 standard for it at all and of course
ncfOzBTkHsM-00457-00089983-00090262 peop some uh islands have jumped across
ncfOzBTkHsM-00458-00090263-00090455 the date line so you've got this
ncfOzBTkHsM-00459-00090456-00090599 notion of the the line islands of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00460-00090600-00090911 kirbati which are plus 14 hours which
ncfOzBTkHsM-00461-00090912-00091047 means that any point in time you could
ncfOzBTkHsM-00462-00091048-00091231 have three days on the go at once you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00463-00091232-00091382 get a monday tuesday wednesday same
ncfOzBTkHsM-00464-00091383-00091567 moment in time having three essential
ncfOzBTkHsM-00465-00091568-00091894 local um values yeah super messy it's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00466-00091895-00092103 probably like a whole talk on that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00467-00092104-00092238 but um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00468-00092239-00092423 other things too china really should be
ncfOzBTkHsM-00469-00092424-00092623 three time zones um when you look at
ncfOzBTkHsM-00470-00092624-00092806 where it's covering but it all runs on
ncfOzBTkHsM-00471-00092807-00093023 beijing time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00472-00093024-00093206 um and antarctica this is the one i kind
ncfOzBTkHsM-00473-00093207-00093359 of wanted to get at the bottom of i was
ncfOzBTkHsM-00474-00093360-00093518 when i pitched the talk i didn't know
ncfOzBTkHsM-00475-00093519-00093671 the answer to this so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00476-00093672-00093903 to me it seems obvious that if you're at
ncfOzBTkHsM-00477-00093904-00094135 the polls the whole system falls apart
ncfOzBTkHsM-00478-00094136-00094326 right you can run around and be in all
ncfOzBTkHsM-00479-00094327-00094494 the time zones you can jump across and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00480-00094495-00094599 you know
ncfOzBTkHsM-00481-00094600-00094735 how does that work how does it actually
ncfOzBTkHsM-00482-00094736-00094959 work practically in antarctica so what
ncfOzBTkHsM-00483-00094960-00095182 you've got here is all of the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00484-00095183-00095447 antarctic research stations
ncfOzBTkHsM-00485-00095448-00095599 and the kind of dull answer when i got
ncfOzBTkHsM-00486-00095600-00095743 to the bottom of it is that they more or
ncfOzBTkHsM-00487-00095744-00095974 less follow wherever their host country
ncfOzBTkHsM-00488-00095975-00096150 is you know so the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00489-00096151-00096399 the british um would follow uk time they
ncfOzBTkHsM-00490-00096400-00096567 would also observe daylight saving time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00491-00096568-00096711 even though they really don't need to in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00492-00096712-00096926 antarctica
ncfOzBTkHsM-00493-00096927-00097150 but it keeps you in sync with your host
ncfOzBTkHsM-00494-00097151-00097247 country
ncfOzBTkHsM-00495-00097248-00097415 and sometimes they
ncfOzBTkHsM-00496-00097416-00097679 hold the sort of same
ncfOzBTkHsM-00497-00097680-00097903 time as their whether being server like
ncfOzBTkHsM-00498-00097904-00098031 a supply station or something like new
ncfOzBTkHsM-00499-00098032-00098150 zealand perhaps they might keep new
ncfOzBTkHsM-00500-00098151-00098262 zealand time because that makes more
ncfOzBTkHsM-00501-00098263-00098503 sense so just practicality is what that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00502-00098504-00098687 was going with and this other thing
ncfOzBTkHsM-00503-00098688-00098831 turned out when i was digging through it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00504-00098832-00099023 which amused me as well as like not only
ncfOzBTkHsM-00505-00099024-00099199 have you got you know six months of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00506-00099200-00099399 daylight and six months of night time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00507-00099400-00099479 and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00508-00099480-00099694 keeping wacky clocks to whatever your
ncfOzBTkHsM-00509-00099695-00099894 host nation or the clocks don't actually
ncfOzBTkHsM-00510-00099895-00100167 work very well um they seem to go a bit
ncfOzBTkHsM-00511-00100168-00100391 fast so yeah i can't imagine what
ncfOzBTkHsM-00512-00100392-00100535 there's probably a good thriller in that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00513-00100536-00100694 like things going wrong and when things
ncfOzBTkHsM-00514-00100695-00100871 actually happen or something
ncfOzBTkHsM-00515-00100872-00101038 all right something sensible let's do
ncfOzBTkHsM-00516-00101039-00101255 dell exciting time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00517-00101256-00101374 i think the way to understand daylight
ncfOzBTkHsM-00518-00101375-00101567 saving time actually the way to come at
ncfOzBTkHsM-00519-00101568-00101694 it is to look at daylight patterns
ncfOzBTkHsM-00520-00101695-00101894 across the earth and that's a kind of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00521-00101895-00102038 useful way and so we'll look at the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00522-00102039-00102247 extremes we'll look at equator so the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00523-00102248-00102454 equator you've pretty much got
ncfOzBTkHsM-00524-00102455-00102702 12 hours of my time 12 hours of daytime
ncfOzBTkHsM-00525-00102703-00102990 there's not really a lot of variation um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00526-00102991-00103118 so you could move it i mean you could
ncfOzBTkHsM-00527-00103119-00103286 apply dst and just you know move
ncfOzBTkHsM-00528-00103288-00103423 everything by an hour but why would you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00529-00103424-00103534 you know
ncfOzBTkHsM-00530-00103535-00103694 it's probably inconvenient to move your
ncfOzBTkHsM-00531-00103695-00103854 clocks for no reason
ncfOzBTkHsM-00532-00103855-00104094 and the polls are more extreme
ncfOzBTkHsM-00533-00104095-00104247 like i've said before about antarctica
ncfOzBTkHsM-00534-00104248-00104471 you know you've got 12 hours of daylight
ncfOzBTkHsM-00535-00104472-00104734 12 hours of that's right you have six
ncfOzBTkHsM-00536-00104735-00105007 months of of daylight six months of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00537-00105008-00105199 night time or you know a month of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00538-00105200-00105375 twilight in between so you can move the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00539-00105376-00105486 clocks as much as you like but it's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00540-00105488-00105623 really not going to make any difference
ncfOzBTkHsM-00541-00105624-00105766 whatsoever you get more of the same just
ncfOzBTkHsM-00542-00105767-00105927 be moving it so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00543-00105928-00106102 um so where you actually get daylight
ncfOzBTkHsM-00544-00106103-00106351 saving time is in these sort of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00545-00106352-00106566 uh temperate bands if you like so of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00546-00106567-00106910 europe um or australia perhaps you know
ncfOzBTkHsM-00547-00106911-00107078 anywhere but there's variation over the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00548-00107079-00107366 course of the course of the year um and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00549-00107367-00107558 the purpose of it really is to try and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00550-00107559-00107799 extend the amount of natural light
ncfOzBTkHsM-00551-00107800-00108047 you're getting in the evening
ncfOzBTkHsM-00552-00108048-00108190 in the summer because obviously you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00553-00108191-00108334 don't get as much in the i'm talking
ncfOzBTkHsM-00554-00108335-00108486 about the northern hemisphere but you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00555-00108488-00108663 know let's say you live in greenwich you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00556-00108664-00108863 get up at six o'clock in the morning
ncfOzBTkHsM-00557-00108864-00109063 um in the winter you can see from here
ncfOzBTkHsM-00558-00109064-00109223 that you're actually getting up in the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00559-00109224-00109375 dark like we've all kind of experienced
ncfOzBTkHsM-00560-00109376-00109439 this
ncfOzBTkHsM-00561-00109440-00109615 and anything below that line is stuff
ncfOzBTkHsM-00562-00109616-00109783 you're sleeping through right so there's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00563-00109783-00109910 a lot of natural light there that you're
ncfOzBTkHsM-00564-00109911-00110086 going to sleep through in the summer
ncfOzBTkHsM-00565-00110088-00110319 so the point of that of daylight saving
ncfOzBTkHsM-00566-00110320-00110463 time is to kind of extend that by
ncfOzBTkHsM-00567-00110464-00110647 shifting the clocks so that's what it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00568-00110648-00110807 looks like when you shift the clocks
ncfOzBTkHsM-00569-00110808-00110951 everything moves up and you get an extra
ncfOzBTkHsM-00570-00110952-00111102 hour of daylight in the evening so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00571-00111103-00111295 that's the purpose of it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00572-00111296-00111439 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00573-00111440-00111799 it's usually attributed to ben franklin
ncfOzBTkHsM-00574-00111800-00112119 ah really not no he i mean he was he
ncfOzBTkHsM-00575-00112120-00112310 wrote a humorous essay
ncfOzBTkHsM-00576-00112311-00112551 in which he suggests um he makes
ncfOzBTkHsM-00577-00112552-00112758 calculations for how much candle wax you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00578-00112759-00113023 could save in paris um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00579-00113024-00113239 he suggests firing cannons to wake
ncfOzBTkHsM-00580-00113240-00113407 people up um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00581-00113408-00113678 so he's kind of playing with the idea of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00582-00113679-00113910 getting people up early um but there's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00583-00113911-00114078 no notion of putting clocks forward and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00584-00114079-00114302 back or anything like that yet um this
ncfOzBTkHsM-00585-00114303-00114495 is the first series proposal um george
ncfOzBTkHsM-00586-00114496-00114751 hudson he was from london he moved to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00587-00114752-00114919 new zealand and he was a keen
ncfOzBTkHsM-00588-00114920-00115158 entomologist so he wanted some time to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00589-00115159-00115351 look for insects basically yeah he
ncfOzBTkHsM-00590-00115352-00115463 wanted a couple more hours in the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00591-00115464-00115639 evening he pitched it to the wellington
ncfOzBTkHsM-00592-00115640-00115831 philosophical society
ncfOzBTkHsM-00593-00115832-00116031 they were actually quite um receptive
ncfOzBTkHsM-00594-00116032-00116199 they were quite keen um but in the end
ncfOzBTkHsM-00595-00116200-00116510 it didn't really happen so this was
ncfOzBTkHsM-00596-00116511-00116878 picked up in 1907 by william willett uh
ncfOzBTkHsM-00597-00116879-00117143 he was a successful london builder
ncfOzBTkHsM-00598-00117144-00117302 and his so his
ncfOzBTkHsM-00599-00117303-00117486 the buildings and houses that he made
ncfOzBTkHsM-00600-00117488-00117623 were famous for their kind of use of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00601-00117624-00117807 natural daylight so this was kind of on
ncfOzBTkHsM-00602-00117808-00117975 his mind
ncfOzBTkHsM-00603-00117976-00118215 fun fact he is also chris martin's great
ncfOzBTkHsM-00604-00118216-00118415 great great granddad i think as well but
ncfOzBTkHsM-00605-00118416-00118502 i don't know what you would do with that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00606-00118503-00118663 information but there you go
ncfOzBTkHsM-00607-00118664-00118854 um he produced this pamphlet called the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00608-00118855-00119119 waste of daylight um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00609-00119120-00119327 here's what he was suggesting
ncfOzBTkHsM-00610-00119328-00119495 it would be good why you might want to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00611-00119496-00119727 do it essentially it was about energy
ncfOzBTkHsM-00612-00119728-00119863 you know you can save a lot of energy if
ncfOzBTkHsM-00613-00119864-00119999 you don't have to run
ncfOzBTkHsM-00614-00120000-00120271 uh lighting in the evening so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00615-00120272-00120447 um he got quite a lot of support i mean
ncfOzBTkHsM-00616-00120448-00120702 he pushed this entire life um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00617-00120703-00120886 winston churchill gave speeches on his
ncfOzBTkHsM-00618-00120888-00121158 behalf saying you know the extolling the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00619-00121159-00121383 virtues of daylight saving time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00620-00121383-00121415 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00621-00121416-00121534 [Music]
ncfOzBTkHsM-00622-00121535-00121766 but the first known example of it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00623-00121767-00121999 actually being employed um comes from
ncfOzBTkHsM-00624-00122000-00122239 canada this is thunder bay
ncfOzBTkHsM-00625-00122240-00122399 in canada or called thunderbay now it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00626-00122400-00122639 was fort william back then
ncfOzBTkHsM-00627-00122640-00122902 um and fort william and another
ncfOzBTkHsM-00628-00122903-00123095 neighboring town
ncfOzBTkHsM-00629-00123096-00123263 adopted daylight saving time so it's in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00630-00123264-00123375 the records there there may well be
ncfOzBTkHsM-00631-00123376-00123519 others but that's that's the only one we
ncfOzBTkHsM-00632-00123520-00123719 know of at the moment and the first
ncfOzBTkHsM-00633-00123720-00123934 country to use it is actually um germany
ncfOzBTkHsM-00634-00123935-00124183 in world war ii um they were again they
ncfOzBTkHsM-00635-00124183-00124399 were using it to try and save coal save
ncfOzBTkHsM-00636-00124400-00124654 energy um and the allies jumped on board
ncfOzBTkHsM-00637-00124655-00124863 pretty soon afterwards um a lot of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00638-00124864-00124951 europe
ncfOzBTkHsM-00639-00124952-00125134 adopted it as well so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00640-00125135-00125447 um during wartime britain was on double
ncfOzBTkHsM-00641-00125448-00125590 summer time so we were effectively on
ncfOzBTkHsM-00642-00125591-00125751 european time you know we kind of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00643-00125752-00125983 shifted if the europeans were in summer
ncfOzBTkHsM-00644-00125983-00126223 time then we've jumped two and we were
ncfOzBTkHsM-00645-00126224-00126343 on the same which makes sense if you're
ncfOzBTkHsM-00646-00126344-00126447 trying to coordinate a war the last
ncfOzBTkHsM-00647-00126448-00126583 thing you want to be
ncfOzBTkHsM-00648-00126583-00126799 trying to get off by one error you know
ncfOzBTkHsM-00649-00126800-00126990 in your in your clocks so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00650-00126991-00127214 um in 2016 i don't want to say
ncfOzBTkHsM-00651-00127215-00127447 celebrated marked shall we say they
ncfOzBTkHsM-00652-00127448-00127710 accept 100 years of daylight saving time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00653-00127711-00127823 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00654-00127824-00127983 there's a good exhibition at the royal
ncfOzBTkHsM-00655-00127983-00128207 observatory um worth the visit if you at
ncfOzBTkHsM-00656-00128208-00128431 the time so i'm going to look quickly
ncfOzBTkHsM-00657-00128432-00128599 now at dst parents way of the world
ncfOzBTkHsM-00658-00128600-00128807 because one of the things is it's within
ncfOzBTkHsM-00659-00128808-00129054 territories not everybody
ncfOzBTkHsM-00660-00129055-00129254 not every part of the territory wants to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00661-00129255-00129390 sometimes something like australia like
ncfOzBTkHsM-00662-00129391-00129599 in the north they observe it but in the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00663-00129600-00129783 south they don't um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00664-00129783-00129878 canada
ncfOzBTkHsM-00665-00129879-00130078 in the yukon they they don't in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00666-00130079-00130254 saskatchewan they don't but other places
ncfOzBTkHsM-00667-00130255-00130383 do
ncfOzBTkHsM-00668-00130383-00130639 my favorite is america america is really
ncfOzBTkHsM-00669-00130640-00130966 unusual hawaii doesn't um and bits of
ncfOzBTkHsM-00670-00130967-00131214 arizona don't
ncfOzBTkHsM-00671-00131215-00131359 so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00672-00131360-00131502 what you've got here is you can see the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00673-00131503-00131719 red parts the arizona
ncfOzBTkHsM-00674-00131720-00131878 officially do not observe daylight
ncfOzBTkHsM-00675-00131879-00132031 saving time but you'll notice there's a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00676-00132032-00132231 kind of patch there i've got it in blue
ncfOzBTkHsM-00677-00132232-00132423 i'm hoping that comes up and you can see
ncfOzBTkHsM-00678-00132424-00132711 it that blue area is the navajo indian
ncfOzBTkHsM-00679-00132712-00132935 reservation and it stretches out into
ncfOzBTkHsM-00680-00132936-00133302 utah new mexico and utah and new mexico
ncfOzBTkHsM-00681-00133303-00133487 observed daylight saving time so the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00682-00133488-00133735 navajo indian reservation also observes
ncfOzBTkHsM-00683-00133736-00133975 it even though it's in arizona
ncfOzBTkHsM-00684-00133976-00134214 however there's a little red spot in the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00685-00134215-00134483 middle there that's the hopi indian
ncfOzBTkHsM-00686-00134484-00134647 reservation um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00687-00134648-00134935 it being entirely within arizona
ncfOzBTkHsM-00688-00134936-00135254 it does not observe daylight saving time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00689-00135255-00135502 yeah
ncfOzBTkHsM-00690-00135503-00135719 so we have dst news this was weird like
ncfOzBTkHsM-00691-00135720-00135919 i pitched this in january february and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00692-00135920-00136247 then march comes around and usa votes to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00693-00136248-00136414 put daylight saving time permanent
ncfOzBTkHsM-00694-00136415-00136759 daylight saving time um in 2023 well it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00695-00136760-00136902 has passed the senate it hasn't passed
ncfOzBTkHsM-00696-00136903-00137095 the house so who knows they've also gone
ncfOzBTkHsM-00697-00137096-00137271 down this road before and reverted it in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00698-00137272-00137423 the 70s so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00699-00137424-00137583 i don't know if it'll happen we'll see
ncfOzBTkHsM-00700-00137584-00137751 europe's also kind of in the same boat
ncfOzBTkHsM-00701-00137752-00138039 europe voted in 2018 to stop observing
ncfOzBTkHsM-00702-00138040-00138263 dst britain being part of europe that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00703-00138264-00138623 time was also with this but um there's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00704-00138624-00138743 just been a lot going on and they
ncfOzBTkHsM-00705-00138744-00138919 haven't had a chance to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00706-00138920-00139135 to do it so both eu and uk observed it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00707-00139136-00139295 this year but i suspect at some point in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00708-00139296-00139471 the future they'll get round to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00709-00139472-00139687 um making that happen
ncfOzBTkHsM-00710-00139688-00139878 i can't really leave it without trying
ncfOzBTkHsM-00711-00139879-00140023 to cover the pros and cons this is kind
ncfOzBTkHsM-00712-00140024-00140190 of a modern take on it basically it's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00713-00140191-00140351 good for the economy you know with an
ncfOzBTkHsM-00714-00140352-00140551 extra hour at night people go to bars
ncfOzBTkHsM-00715-00140552-00140759 people go traveling and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00716-00140760-00140959 it boosts the economy by by a decent
ncfOzBTkHsM-00717-00140960-00141151 number which is the kind of main purpose
ncfOzBTkHsM-00718-00141152-00141463 for doing it um cons really you're
ncfOzBTkHsM-00719-00141464-00141647 giving yourself jet lag it's just
ncfOzBTkHsM-00720-00141648-00141751 horrible you know you're putting
ncfOzBTkHsM-00721-00141752-00141878 yourself forward an hour and there's all
ncfOzBTkHsM-00722-00141879-00142078 sorts of heart attacks and accidents
ncfOzBTkHsM-00723-00142079-00142271 that go up as a result of the shift from
ncfOzBTkHsM-00724-00142272-00142478 one to another so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00725-00142479-00142719 okay to answer the question of computers
ncfOzBTkHsM-00726-00142720-00142895 somewhere i'm sure you've all got a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00727-00142896-00143087 phone in your pocket or something like
ncfOzBTkHsM-00728-00143088-00143214 that so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00729-00143215-00143366 there's a decent chance you're running
ncfOzBTkHsM-00730-00143367-00143566 android or ios or this being emf you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00731-00143567-00143871 wrote your own who knows
ncfOzBTkHsM-00732-00143872-00144207 but if it's anywhere so unix or linux
ncfOzBTkHsM-00733-00144208-00144326 based
ncfOzBTkHsM-00734-00144327-00144526 there's a pretty good chance it has a
ncfOzBTkHsM-00735-00144527-00144887 copy of the time zone database within it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00736-00144888-00144966 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00737-00144967-00145119 timezone database has many names it's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00738-00145120-00145319 been around since the 80s
ncfOzBTkHsM-00739-00145320-00145583 86 that get started so
ncfOzBTkHsM-00740-00145584-00145799 this is what it is it is a database that
ncfOzBTkHsM-00741-00145800-00146014 contains this is from their faq so i can
ncfOzBTkHsM-00742-00146015-00146214 get it right it contains code and data
ncfOzBTkHsM-00743-00146215-00146447 that represent the history of local time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00744-00146448-00146647 for many representative locations around
ncfOzBTkHsM-00745-00146648-00146790 the globe they cannot skirt around the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00746-00146791-00147054 language there it's updated periodically
ncfOzBTkHsM-00747-00147055-00147207 to reflect all of the things i've just
ncfOzBTkHsM-00748-00147208-00147431 talked about so utc offsets delete
ncfOzBTkHsM-00749-00147432-00147702 saving time blah blah blah
ncfOzBTkHsM-00750-00147703-00147854 the most surprising thing if you've not
ncfOzBTkHsM-00751-00147855-00148071 come across it is it's an open source
ncfOzBTkHsM-00752-00148072-00148199 project
ncfOzBTkHsM-00753-00148200-00148359 and it's run entirely by volunteers like
ncfOzBTkHsM-00754-00148360-00148535 emf like this this is an entirely
ncfOzBTkHsM-00755-00148536-00148751 volunteer driven project but it's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00756-00148752-00148926 fundamental to the internet like you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00757-00148927-00149126 know if this thing wasn't there
ncfOzBTkHsM-00758-00149127-00149351 um you'd have to set your own phone be
ncfOzBTkHsM-00759-00149352-00149511 disastrous right yeah
ncfOzBTkHsM-00760-00149512-00149711 um there was a talk earlier this year
ncfOzBTkHsM-00761-00149712-00149895 from paul eggert who is the current
ncfOzBTkHsM-00762-00149896-00150102 maintainer and he goes into a lot of the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00763-00150103-00150271 history on this so if you're interested
ncfOzBTkHsM-00764-00150272-00150423 in the history specifically of this i
ncfOzBTkHsM-00765-00150424-00150583 recommend that talk i will link to it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00766-00150584-00150766 and tweet it later on if you're if
ncfOzBTkHsM-00767-00150767-00150895 you're up for it
ncfOzBTkHsM-00768-00150896-00150990 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00769-00150991-00151183 here's how the process works so there's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00770-00151184-00151454 a mailing list and if you're at all
ncfOzBTkHsM-00771-00151455-00151583 interested in time zones then you can
ncfOzBTkHsM-00772-00151584-00151702 join the mailing anyone can join the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00773-00151703-00151935 mailing list um here's an example of an
ncfOzBTkHsM-00774-00151936-00152054 email that came in
ncfOzBTkHsM-00775-00152055-00152383 in march and it's from the palestine
ncfOzBTkHsM-00776-00152384-00152551 ministry of telecom and information
ncfOzBTkHsM-00777-00152552-00152751 technology saying here are the dst rules
ncfOzBTkHsM-00778-00152752-00152983 for palestine for this year
ncfOzBTkHsM-00779-00152984-00153231 um that gets turned into an entry in the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00780-00153232-00153383 database which looks a bit like this and
ncfOzBTkHsM-00781-00153384-00153614 this was turned around in like
ncfOzBTkHsM-00782-00153615-00153783 a week you know it was done very very
ncfOzBTkHsM-00783-00153784-00153887 fast
ncfOzBTkHsM-00784-00153888-00153966 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00785-00153967-00154054 and then
ncfOzBTkHsM-00786-00154055-00154287 what happens is the upstream
ncfOzBTkHsM-00787-00154288-00154511 um you know if you're on debian or
ncfOzBTkHsM-00788-00154512-00154702 booter or whatever you know that they
ncfOzBTkHsM-00789-00154703-00154831 bring that version in and then it's
ncfOzBTkHsM-00790-00154832-00154951 rolled out to all the other operating
ncfOzBTkHsM-00791-00154952-00155223 systems here's kind of looks up close
ncfOzBTkHsM-00792-00155224-00155375 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00793-00155376-00155599 the rule at the bottom is human readable
ncfOzBTkHsM-00794-00155600-00155766 you have to trust me i think most
ncfOzBTkHsM-00795-00155767-00155943 techies would read that the thing about
ncfOzBTkHsM-00796-00155944-00156159 is that gets compiled for all the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00797-00156160-00156447 various systems as well um the most
ncfOzBTkHsM-00798-00156448-00156614 interesting thing i think is all of the
ncfOzBTkHsM-00799-00156615-00156878 comments there's some fantastic um sort
ncfOzBTkHsM-00800-00156879-00157135 of notes on the history of time zones
ncfOzBTkHsM-00801-00157136-00157295 and daylight saving and all sorts of you
ncfOzBTkHsM-00802-00157296-00157551 know politics behind it um it's on
ncfOzBTkHsM-00803-00157552-00157719 github you can look it up it's it's well
ncfOzBTkHsM-00804-00157720-00157943 worth a couple of hours your time
ncfOzBTkHsM-00805-00157944-00158039 um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00806-00158040-00158343 and to finish this is
ncfOzBTkHsM-00807-00158344-00158535 you've all seen this this feels right to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00808-00158536-00158775 me about the timezone database um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00809-00158776-00159007 there are some threats to it uh it was
ncfOzBTkHsM-00810-00159008-00159335 sued in 2011. um there was a some heated
ncfOzBTkHsM-00811-00159336-00159543 discussion on the on the mailing list
ncfOzBTkHsM-00812-00159544-00159831 last year um but it is fundamental to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00813-00159832-00159951 the internet and we cannot afford to
ncfOzBTkHsM-00814-00159952-00160175 lose it so i know i'd like to think by
ncfOzBTkHsM-00815-00160176-00160319 thanking the maintainers of the tz
ncfOzBTkHsM-00816-00160320-00160478 database frankly because you know my
ncfOzBTkHsM-00817-00160479-00160647 phone works um
ncfOzBTkHsM-00818-00160648-00162607 so with that i am
ncfOzBTkHsM-00819-00162608-00162815 you
ndly2YEXVeY-00000-00000081-00001007 [Music]
ndly2YEXVeY-00001-00001008-00001519 go go
ndly2YEXVeY-00002-00001520-00003007 shot
ndly2YEXVeY-00003-00003008-00003863 headshot
ndly2YEXVeY-00004-00003864-00004086 headshot
ndly2YEXVeY-00005-00004087-00004775 chain headshot
ndly2YEXVeY-00006-00004776-00006991 chain head shot
ndly2YEXVeY-00007-00006992-00008167 double kill
ndly2YEXVeY-00008-00008168-00008287 head shot
ndly2YEXVeY-00009-00008288-00008959 chain headshot
ndly2YEXVeY-00010-00008960-00010446 chain headshots
ndly2YEXVeY-00011-00010447-00012103 protection
ndly2YEXVeY-00012-00012104-00012343 shot
neNgAdcAT60-00000-00000112-00000335 breaches and cyber security incidents
neNgAdcAT60-00001-00000336-00000559 are making headlines every day
neNgAdcAT60-00002-00000560-00000767 what are you doing to be prepared
neNgAdcAT60-00003-00000768-00000991 welcome to the tripwire cyber security
neNgAdcAT60-00004-00000992-00001070 podcast
neNgAdcAT60-00005-00001071-00001319 brought to you by tripwire the show that
neNgAdcAT60-00006-00001320-00001503 explores cyber security for the
neNgAdcAT60-00007-00001504-00001695 enterprise and how to identify
neNgAdcAT60-00008-00001696-00001918 and protect against cyber threats before
neNgAdcAT60-00009-00001919-00002047 they happen
neNgAdcAT60-00010-00002048-00002271 listen for techniques and best practices
neNgAdcAT60-00011-00002272-00002550 to harden your defenses against hackers
neNgAdcAT60-00012-00002551-00003063 now here's your host tim erlin
neNgAdcAT60-00013-00003064-00003238 welcome everyone to the tripwire
neNgAdcAT60-00014-00003239-00003495 cybersecurity podcast i'm tim erlin vice
neNgAdcAT60-00015-00003496-00003583 president of
neNgAdcAT60-00016-00003584-00003719 product management and strategy at
neNgAdcAT60-00017-00003720-00003951 tripwire and today i am
neNgAdcAT60-00018-00003952-00004119 joined by one of our security
neNgAdcAT60-00019-00004120-00004279 researchers craig young who we've
neNgAdcAT60-00020-00004280-00004502 actually had on the podcast before
neNgAdcAT60-00021-00004503-00004679 but we're here to talk about a different
neNgAdcAT60-00022-00004680-00004911 topic so welcome craig
neNgAdcAT60-00023-00004912-00005095 hey tim well thank you for having me
neNgAdcAT60-00024-00005096-00005279 it's pleasure to be here with you
neNgAdcAT60-00025-00005280-00005463 so today craig we're here to talk a
neNgAdcAT60-00026-00005464-00005670 little bit about vulnerability discovery
neNgAdcAT60-00027-00005671-00005854 or vulnerability research
neNgAdcAT60-00028-00005855-00006006 and i wanted to get that conversation
neNgAdcAT60-00029-00006007-00006206 started by just setting a little bit of
neNgAdcAT60-00030-00006207-00006439 context for the audience maybe
neNgAdcAT60-00031-00006440-00006614 most of us who are not vulnerability
neNgAdcAT60-00032-00006615-00006870 researchers including me
neNgAdcAT60-00033-00006872-00007151 see the output of that process so we see
neNgAdcAT60-00034-00007152-00007310 vulnerabilities that get published they
neNgAdcAT60-00035-00007311-00007503 get cves they show up in vulnerability
neNgAdcAT60-00036-00007504-00007655 assessment products
neNgAdcAT60-00037-00007656-00007887 but behind that output there is of
neNgAdcAT60-00038-00007888-00007959 course
neNgAdcAT60-00039-00007959-00008223 a lot of work that goes into discovering
neNgAdcAT60-00040-00008224-00008367 new vulnerabilities
neNgAdcAT60-00041-00008368-00008519 can you start by just talking a little
neNgAdcAT60-00042-00008520-00008678 bit about what that process
neNgAdcAT60-00043-00008679-00008999 looks like sure yeah so in general when
neNgAdcAT60-00044-00009000-00009167 we're talking about a vulnerability
neNgAdcAT60-00045-00009168-00009351 we're talking about a situation in which
neNgAdcAT60-00046-00009352-00009510 a user input is
neNgAdcAT60-00047-00009511-00009735 not going to be handled in the way that
neNgAdcAT60-00048-00009736-00009951 it it should have safely been handled
neNgAdcAT60-00049-00009952-00010055 so when we're looking for
neNgAdcAT60-00050-00010056-00010263 vulnerabilities it's all about
neNgAdcAT60-00051-00010264-00010414 thinking about the different places
neNgAdcAT60-00052-00010415-00010695 where users less trustworthy users can
neNgAdcAT60-00053-00010696-00010742 provide
neNgAdcAT60-00054-00010743-00011006 input to a system or a program and then
neNgAdcAT60-00055-00011007-00011174 trying to identify
neNgAdcAT60-00056-00011175-00011471 what types of inputs might go into this
neNgAdcAT60-00057-00011472-00011606 process that are going to corrupt it
neNgAdcAT60-00058-00011607-00011735 cause it to give
neNgAdcAT60-00059-00011736-00011942 some results that were not the original
neNgAdcAT60-00060-00011943-00012103 intention of the developer
neNgAdcAT60-00061-00012104-00012310 and more specifically things that will
neNgAdcAT60-00062-00012311-00012431 undermine the security of the
neNgAdcAT60-00063-00012432-00012606 application
neNgAdcAT60-00064-00012607-00012767 so when you when you say user input in
neNgAdcAT60-00065-00012768-00012951 that context um
neNgAdcAT60-00066-00012952-00013094 you know i obviously think of a of
neNgAdcAT60-00067-00013095-00013279 someone sitting behind a keyboard
neNgAdcAT60-00068-00013280-00013566 and typing maybe into a form or into a
neNgAdcAT60-00069-00013568-00013743 you know a website
neNgAdcAT60-00070-00013744-00013943 but there are obviously other types of
neNgAdcAT60-00071-00013944-00014119 input that matter is it strictly
neNgAdcAT60-00072-00014119-00014335 input coming from a user or is that a
neNgAdcAT60-00073-00014336-00014519 sort of a broad catch-all term for
neNgAdcAT60-00074-00014519-00014719 any types of input that would would
neNgAdcAT60-00075-00014719-00014838 impact or uh
neNgAdcAT60-00076-00014840-00015079 you know that a program could accept
neNgAdcAT60-00077-00015080-00015230 yeah i mean it's kind of definitely
neNgAdcAT60-00078-00015231-00015550 a catch-all term sometimes there's not
neNgAdcAT60-00079-00015551-00015599 necessarily
neNgAdcAT60-00080-00015600-00015950 going to be a human user but it will be
neNgAdcAT60-00081-00015951-00016135 some kind of consumer of a process or a
neNgAdcAT60-00082-00016136-00016207 system
neNgAdcAT60-00083-00016208-00016358 that's involved with supplying some
neNgAdcAT60-00084-00016359-00016511 inputs so
neNgAdcAT60-00085-00016512-00016799 um a common example of this would be
neNgAdcAT60-00086-00016800-00017063 like a network server that it's going to
neNgAdcAT60-00087-00017064-00017222 sit on the network listening for
neNgAdcAT60-00088-00017223-00017383 requests from user that might want to
neNgAdcAT60-00089-00017384-00017486 log in
neNgAdcAT60-00090-00017487-00017727 um if we look back to the early days of
neNgAdcAT60-00091-00017728-00017879 computers on the internet
neNgAdcAT60-00092-00017880-00018047 something that was common to do would be
neNgAdcAT60-00093-00018048-00018207 to just um
neNgAdcAT60-00094-00018208-00018479 connect to a remote service and send a
neNgAdcAT60-00095-00018480-00018671 long list of a characters and see if it
neNgAdcAT60-00096-00018672-00018775 would crash
neNgAdcAT60-00097-00018776-00018943 and that would be kind of telling you
neNgAdcAT60-00098-00018944-00019230 that you've supplied it some input that
neNgAdcAT60-00099-00019231-00019407 it's not handling properly it's doing
neNgAdcAT60-00100-00019408-00019599 something um
neNgAdcAT60-00101-00019600-00019799 that was not desirable as a result and
neNgAdcAT60-00102-00019800-00020030 that there might be a vulnerability here
neNgAdcAT60-00103-00020031-00020167 well and that brings up an interesting
neNgAdcAT60-00104-00020168-00020383 point because i i think we've all
neNgAdcAT60-00105-00020384-00020711 uh at some point experienced a you know
neNgAdcAT60-00106-00020712-00020975 a crash in an application we're using
neNgAdcAT60-00107-00020976-00021119 maybe it was because we put in some
neNgAdcAT60-00108-00021120-00021286 input or that application received some
neNgAdcAT60-00109-00021287-00021439 input it wasn't expecting
neNgAdcAT60-00110-00021440-00021767 but that that distinction going from uh
neNgAdcAT60-00111-00021768-00021958 you know a service or an application
neNgAdcAT60-00112-00021959-00022078 crashing
neNgAdcAT60-00113-00022079-00022383 to an exploit that allows remote code
neNgAdcAT60-00114-00022384-00022471 execution
neNgAdcAT60-00115-00022472-00022622 how are those two things related are
neNgAdcAT60-00116-00022623-00022855 they related yeah they are related and
neNgAdcAT60-00117-00022856-00022943 this is where
neNgAdcAT60-00118-00022944-00023143 the reverse engineering process comes
neNgAdcAT60-00119-00023144-00023247 into play
neNgAdcAT60-00120-00023248-00023550 so in that example of let's say you've
neNgAdcAT60-00121-00023551-00023750 got a telnet server on the internet and
neNgAdcAT60-00122-00023751-00024014 you send it 65 a's and it crashes
neNgAdcAT60-00123-00024015-00024158 well this is something that was a
neNgAdcAT60-00124-00024159-00024294 problem but how do we know if it's
neNgAdcAT60-00125-00024295-00024439 actually a vulnerability
neNgAdcAT60-00126-00024440-00024686 in order to do that we have to actually
neNgAdcAT60-00127-00024687-00024767 look at the
neNgAdcAT60-00128-00024768-00024919 instructions within the program and
neNgAdcAT60-00129-00024920-00025127 recognize where was it carving out
neNgAdcAT60-00130-00025128-00025263 storage for this data
neNgAdcAT60-00131-00025264-00025567 what actually happened that caused it to
neNgAdcAT60-00132-00025568-00025734 do something wrong was it that the
neNgAdcAT60-00133-00025735-00025934 software said hey this is
neNgAdcAT60-00134-00025935-00026111 not the right input we should just abort
neNgAdcAT60-00135-00026112-00026302 and close ourselves gracefully
neNgAdcAT60-00136-00026304-00026511 or did it actually have mathematical
neNgAdcAT60-00137-00026512-00026751 error and write data into a place on the
neNgAdcAT60-00138-00026752-00026870 computer system where it was not
neNgAdcAT60-00139-00026872-00026990 supposed to
neNgAdcAT60-00140-00026991-00027279 um so we use reverse engineering tools
neNgAdcAT60-00141-00027280-00027327 to
neNgAdcAT60-00142-00027327-00027631 inspect programs on a computer and get
neNgAdcAT60-00143-00027632-00027711 an idea of
neNgAdcAT60-00144-00027712-00027999 um what's happening when we feed input
neNgAdcAT60-00145-00028000-00028199 into those programs
neNgAdcAT60-00146-00028200-00028455 so reverse engineering is a is a tool in
neNgAdcAT60-00147-00028456-00028614 the the vulnerability researchers
neNgAdcAT60-00148-00028616-00028743 toolkit is that the right way to think
neNgAdcAT60-00149-00028744-00028823 about it
neNgAdcAT60-00150-00028824-00029023 yeah in general reverse engineering is
neNgAdcAT60-00151-00029024-00029231 the process of trying to
neNgAdcAT60-00152-00029232-00029407 put back in the information that was
neNgAdcAT60-00153-00029408-00029535 lost when
neNgAdcAT60-00154-00029536-00029735 a system or software package is being
neNgAdcAT60-00155-00029736-00029846 put together
neNgAdcAT60-00156-00029847-00030062 and use that to recover the initial
neNgAdcAT60-00157-00030063-00030190 intent or
neNgAdcAT60-00158-00030191-00030502 the design the flow of an application or
neNgAdcAT60-00159-00030503-00030607 a program
neNgAdcAT60-00160-00030608-00030799 well and maybe we should draw a
neNgAdcAT60-00161-00030800-00030999 distinction between reverse engineering
neNgAdcAT60-00162-00031000-00031295 as a as a process or a concept and
neNgAdcAT60-00163-00031295-00031470 specific reverse engineering tools
neNgAdcAT60-00164-00031472-00031567 because
neNgAdcAT60-00165-00031568-00031702 you know you could take that situation
neNgAdcAT60-00166-00031703-00031879 where you're sending 65 a's
neNgAdcAT60-00167-00031880-00032055 and the you know the application on the
neNgAdcAT60-00168-00032056-00032223 other end crashes
neNgAdcAT60-00169-00032224-00032374 and you could reverse engineer what's
neNgAdcAT60-00170-00032375-00032543 happening happening there by sending
neNgAdcAT60-00171-00032544-00032687 different types of input
neNgAdcAT60-00172-00032688-00032895 and basically through trial and error
neNgAdcAT60-00173-00032896-00033079 coming to to a conclusion about
neNgAdcAT60-00174-00033080-00033279 what specific input is causing the
neNgAdcAT60-00175-00033280-00033407 problem that would be
neNgAdcAT60-00176-00033408-00033518 sort of conceptually that would be
neNgAdcAT60-00177-00033519-00033718 reverse engineering right yes
neNgAdcAT60-00178-00033719-00033935 and yeah that's definitely a valid um
neNgAdcAT60-00179-00033936-00034135 tactic towards reverse engineering is
neNgAdcAT60-00180-00034136-00034471 simple trial and error but and you know
neNgAdcAT60-00181-00034472-00034687 in the early days um if you wanted to
neNgAdcAT60-00182-00034688-00034831 reverse a program
neNgAdcAT60-00183-00034832-00035031 you might actually open it up in a hex
neNgAdcAT60-00184-00035032-00035190 editor and you would read through the
neNgAdcAT60-00185-00035191-00035318 hex bytes and
neNgAdcAT60-00186-00035319-00035551 confer back or refer back to the
neNgAdcAT60-00187-00035552-00035735 processor instruction manuals
neNgAdcAT60-00188-00035736-00035902 and you could take those hex codes and
neNgAdcAT60-00189-00035903-00036055 translate them into individual
neNgAdcAT60-00190-00036056-00036279 instructions and start working through
neNgAdcAT60-00191-00036280-00036511 to identify problems in that sense
neNgAdcAT60-00192-00036512-00036855 so hex dump would be one of the original
neNgAdcAT60-00193-00036856-00037159 uh reverse engineering tools so to speak
neNgAdcAT60-00194-00037160-00037343 but we've as an industry we've we've
neNgAdcAT60-00195-00037344-00037502 moved beyond that
neNgAdcAT60-00196-00037503-00037671 uh at this point so there are also
neNgAdcAT60-00197-00037672-00037927 specific tools in the market
neNgAdcAT60-00198-00037928-00038135 that are designed to allow someone like
neNgAdcAT60-00199-00038136-00038335 you doing vulnerability research
neNgAdcAT60-00200-00038336-00038695 to understand what a what a program is
neNgAdcAT60-00201-00038696-00038974 is doing uh so that you can you know
neNgAdcAT60-00202-00038975-00039095 reverse engineer the
neNgAdcAT60-00203-00039096-00039430 the code right yeah and so um
neNgAdcAT60-00204-00039431-00039615 some of the most basic tools like this
neNgAdcAT60-00205-00039616-00039743 would be
neNgAdcAT60-00206-00039744-00039983 required as part of developer toolkits
neNgAdcAT60-00207-00039984-00040190 so you're not going to get very far with
neNgAdcAT60-00208-00040191-00040374 developing a complex computer system if
neNgAdcAT60-00209-00040375-00040487 you don't have a way of
neNgAdcAT60-00210-00040488-00040695 debugging it and debugging inherently
neNgAdcAT60-00211-00040696-00040830 means to some extent
neNgAdcAT60-00212-00040831-00040951 that there needs to be reverse
neNgAdcAT60-00213-00040952-00041183 engineering so
neNgAdcAT60-00214-00041184-00041430 on the linux world you have gnu tools
neNgAdcAT60-00215-00041431-00041511 like
neNgAdcAT60-00216-00041512-00041862 obga obj dump obj dump
neNgAdcAT60-00217-00041863-00042055 and others that will allow you to
neNgAdcAT60-00218-00042056-00042207 interpret the elf binary
neNgAdcAT60-00219-00042208-00042543 headers and parse out functions and see
neNgAdcAT60-00220-00042544-00042727 disassembly so you can understand what a
neNgAdcAT60-00221-00042728-00042927 program was doing on the windows side
neNgAdcAT60-00222-00042928-00042974 you've got
neNgAdcAT60-00223-00042975-00043271 wind debug and some of the other tools
neNgAdcAT60-00224-00043272-00043446 that are part of visual studio which are
neNgAdcAT60-00225-00043447-00043646 going to allow you to do this but
neNgAdcAT60-00226-00043647-00043918 these are um rough tools that will just
neNgAdcAT60-00227-00043919-00044039 get you started
neNgAdcAT60-00228-00044040-00044343 so obviously do they do they assume that
neNgAdcAT60-00229-00044344-00044462 you have you have the source code
neNgAdcAT60-00230-00044463-00044583 somewhere that you're you're going to go
neNgAdcAT60-00231-00044584-00044743 and make changes like from a debugging
neNgAdcAT60-00232-00044744-00044839 perspective
neNgAdcAT60-00233-00044840-00045023 if you're a developer the assumption is
neNgAdcAT60-00234-00045024-00045190 that you're using that tool to go then
neNgAdcAT60-00235-00045191-00045239 fix
neNgAdcAT60-00236-00045240-00045551 something that isn't working in the code
neNgAdcAT60-00237-00045552-00045774 sometimes debugging is about looking for
neNgAdcAT60-00238-00045775-00045935 compatibility issues as well
neNgAdcAT60-00239-00045936-00046223 so for example working on the tripwire
neNgAdcAT60-00240-00046224-00046279 products
neNgAdcAT60-00241-00046280-00046518 we've seen before that microsoft will
neNgAdcAT60-00242-00046519-00046718 change something within an api
neNgAdcAT60-00243-00046719-00046846 we don't have source code for the
neNgAdcAT60-00244-00046847-00047046 windows apis but um
neNgAdcAT60-00245-00047047-00047279 it has been necessary before to actually
neNgAdcAT60-00246-00047280-00047462 perform reverse engineering
neNgAdcAT60-00247-00047463-00047599 looking into these binaries to
neNgAdcAT60-00248-00047600-00047807 understand what had changed that we
neNgAdcAT60-00249-00047808-00047846 could
neNgAdcAT60-00250-00047847-00048015 be able to keep our products compatible
neNgAdcAT60-00251-00048016-00048262 with these operations
neNgAdcAT60-00252-00048263-00048583 i see so that's that's one group
neNgAdcAT60-00253-00048584-00048711 of tools that you were talking about i
neNgAdcAT60-00254-00048712-00048871 think you were headed towards a second
neNgAdcAT60-00255-00048872-00048990 group
neNgAdcAT60-00256-00048991-00049383 yeah so um beyond these basic tools for
neNgAdcAT60-00257-00049384-00049574 being able to analyze binaries which
neNgAdcAT60-00258-00049575-00049767 really you can get very far with these
neNgAdcAT60-00259-00049768-00049815 tools
neNgAdcAT60-00260-00049816-00049999 but there are other more specialized
neNgAdcAT60-00261-00050000-00050190 tools that have come out
neNgAdcAT60-00262-00050191-00050423 over the years so in the open source
neNgAdcAT60-00263-00050424-00050655 community you have things like radar
neNgAdcAT60-00264-00050656-00050790 in the closed source community
neNgAdcAT60-00265-00050791-00051015 proprietary tools the
neNgAdcAT60-00266-00051016-00051287 big heavy hitter of this branding is ida
neNgAdcAT60-00267-00051288-00051470 ida
neNgAdcAT60-00268-00051471-00051790 and these software packages can get into
neNgAdcAT60-00269-00051791-00051879 the
neNgAdcAT60-00270-00051879-00052135 um thousands and tens of thousands of
neNgAdcAT60-00271-00052136-00052335 dollars to have comprehensive support
neNgAdcAT60-00272-00052336-00052542 support for being able to reverse
neNgAdcAT60-00273-00052544-00052750 engineer complex systems
neNgAdcAT60-00274-00052751-00053150 um a lot of the free tools
neNgAdcAT60-00275-00053151-00053407 they've done well over the years but
neNgAdcAT60-00276-00053408-00053503 there's just
neNgAdcAT60-00277-00053504-00053799 always been a huge variation between
neNgAdcAT60-00278-00053800-00053950 what you're going to get out of a tool
neNgAdcAT60-00279-00053951-00054047 that is
neNgAdcAT60-00280-00054048-00054271 cheap or free compared to what you would
neNgAdcAT60-00281-00054272-00054382 get out of
neNgAdcAT60-00282-00054383-00054635 one of these premium products like ida
neNgAdcAT60-00283-00054636-00054823 pro
neNgAdcAT60-00284-00054824-00055150 uh so we're also here to talk a little
neNgAdcAT60-00285-00055151-00055279 bit about a class that you
neNgAdcAT60-00286-00055279-00055607 you've uh taught back at sector
neNgAdcAT60-00287-00055608-00055871 um around one of these specific tools
neNgAdcAT60-00288-00055872-00055950 which is
neNgAdcAT60-00289-00055951-00056311 ghidra right yeah so the guidra tool was
neNgAdcAT60-00290-00056312-00056623 really a game changer in this space
neNgAdcAT60-00291-00056624-00056854 while previously if you wanted to get
neNgAdcAT60-00292-00056855-00057063 this premium quality decompilation
neNgAdcAT60-00293-00057064-00057135 support
neNgAdcAT60-00294-00057136-00057303 you're talking about thousands of
neNgAdcAT60-00295-00057304-00057487 dollars of investment
neNgAdcAT60-00296-00057488-00057630 the national security agency of the
neNgAdcAT60-00297-00057632-00057879 united states released to the public
neNgAdcAT60-00298-00057879-00058038 their tool set for doing reverse
neNgAdcAT60-00299-00058039-00058230 engineering and decompilation
neNgAdcAT60-00300-00058232-00058494 and it's absolutely a fabulous tool i'm
neNgAdcAT60-00301-00058495-00058607 not going to
neNgAdcAT60-00302-00058608-00058887 um say that it is as good or better than
neNgAdcAT60-00303-00058888-00058999 ida pro
neNgAdcAT60-00304-00059000-00059342 but it is an amazing tool for being free
neNgAdcAT60-00305-00059344-00059671 and opens up a lot of possibilities for
neNgAdcAT60-00306-00059672-00059966 individuals students whoever people from
neNgAdcAT60-00307-00059967-00060087 companies that
neNgAdcAT60-00308-00060088-00060366 aren't looking to spend five figures on
neNgAdcAT60-00309-00060367-00060559 software reverse engineering tools
neNgAdcAT60-00310-00060560-00060806 and gives them the ability to actually
neNgAdcAT60-00311-00060807-00060999 um get their hands in and see high
neNgAdcAT60-00312-00061000-00061142 quality decompilation
neNgAdcAT60-00313-00061144-00061311 associated with binaries that they might
neNgAdcAT60-00314-00061312-00061519 want to analyze it's really been
neNgAdcAT60-00315-00061520-00061871 an amazing tool and uh i
neNgAdcAT60-00316-00061872-00062063 wanted to be able to get more people
neNgAdcAT60-00317-00062064-00062254 involved with using this so
neNgAdcAT60-00318-00062255-00062487 yeah i've prepared some course material
neNgAdcAT60-00319-00062488-00062671 that i taught at the black hat sector
neNgAdcAT60-00320-00062672-00062911 trainings this past year
neNgAdcAT60-00321-00062912-00063182 to get people familiar with using guidro
neNgAdcAT60-00322-00063183-00063247 so
neNgAdcAT60-00323-00063248-00063391 it's interesting i mean ghidra being
neNgAdcAT60-00324-00063391-00063599 introduced or released by the
neNgAdcAT60-00325-00063600-00063935 the nsa and effectively
neNgAdcAT60-00326-00063936-00064182 lowering the barrier to entry into this
neNgAdcAT60-00327-00064183-00064438 particular part of information security
neNgAdcAT60-00328-00064439-00064599 i mean that's a that's a big deal it
neNgAdcAT60-00329-00064600-00064775 seems like a big deal uh
neNgAdcAT60-00330-00064776-00064942 in terms of the vulnerability research
neNgAdcAT60-00331-00064944-00065094 community yeah
neNgAdcAT60-00332-00065095-00065287 absolutely it's it's a big deal for
neNgAdcAT60-00333-00065288-00065550 offensive and defensive research because
neNgAdcAT60-00334-00065551-00065719 it democratizes these kinds of
neNgAdcAT60-00335-00065720-00065935 capabilities in a major way
neNgAdcAT60-00336-00065936-00066047 do you have any thoughts about why the
neNgAdcAT60-00337-00066048-00066206 nsa chose to do that i mean is it
neNgAdcAT60-00338-00066207-00066271 something that
neNgAdcAT60-00339-00066272-00066503 that they've published or talked about
neNgAdcAT60-00340-00066504-00066711 um yeah actually i had attended
neNgAdcAT60-00341-00066712-00066959 a presentation at the recon conference
neNgAdcAT60-00342-00066960-00067143 in montreal the other year where they
neNgAdcAT60-00343-00067144-00067335 talked about this a little bit and they
neNgAdcAT60-00344-00067336-00067543 have their their public reasons about
neNgAdcAT60-00345-00067544-00067791 wanting to show um what that they're
neNgAdcAT60-00346-00067792-00068031 giving back to society and whatnot but
neNgAdcAT60-00347-00068032-00068382 uh i think more likely this
neNgAdcAT60-00348-00068383-00068567 has something to do with wanting to
neNgAdcAT60-00349-00068568-00068719 regain some pr
neNgAdcAT60-00350-00068720-00069063 after the debacles with shadow brokers
neNgAdcAT60-00351-00069064-00069350 yeah and yeah nsa has had some egg on
neNgAdcAT60-00352-00069351-00069519 their face over the years of
neNgAdcAT60-00353-00069520-00069679 being criticized that they're not doing
neNgAdcAT60-00354-00069680-00069823 enough to
neNgAdcAT60-00355-00069824-00070023 actively help information security
neNgAdcAT60-00356-00070024-00070263 defenses within the us and this is
neNgAdcAT60-00357-00070264-00070431 something that is helpful towards that
neNgAdcAT60-00358-00070432-00070591 end
neNgAdcAT60-00359-00070592-00070847 so have have we seen do you think we've
neNgAdcAT60-00360-00070848-00070935 seen a a
neNgAdcAT60-00361-00070936-00071103 change in the research community since
neNgAdcAT60-00362-00071104-00071303 the the release of gidra is that
neNgAdcAT60-00363-00071304-00071479 is that something that we can actually
neNgAdcAT60-00364-00071480-00071767 um see or measure in some way
neNgAdcAT60-00365-00071768-00071943 um i suspect that if you did some
neNgAdcAT60-00366-00071944-00072182 analysis of twitter sentiment that you
neNgAdcAT60-00367-00072183-00072287 could find
neNgAdcAT60-00368-00072288-00072511 quite a bit of justification that people
neNgAdcAT60-00369-00072512-00072638 have been ditching their eye to pro
neNgAdcAT60-00370-00072639-00072743 licenses
neNgAdcAT60-00371-00072744-00072926 and just going back to the last question
neNgAdcAT60-00372-00072927-00073055 for a second
neNgAdcAT60-00373-00073056-00073350 about why the nsa would do this there's
neNgAdcAT60-00374-00073351-00073487 another kind of elephant in the room
neNgAdcAT60-00375-00073488-00073631 here which is that
neNgAdcAT60-00376-00073632-00073823 bringing this product to the community
neNgAdcAT60-00377-00073824-00074079 opens up a large developer base for
neNgAdcAT60-00378-00074080-00074167 support for
neNgAdcAT60-00379-00074168-00074335 new processors and other kinds of
neNgAdcAT60-00380-00074336-00074503 enhancements to it
neNgAdcAT60-00381-00074504-00074815 so nsa is definitely benefiting from
neNgAdcAT60-00382-00074816-00075071 for example new cpu specifications that
neNgAdcAT60-00383-00075072-00075175 are coming out of community
neNgAdcAT60-00384-00075176-00075303 contributions
neNgAdcAT60-00385-00075304-00075591 that only happened because geydra is
neNgAdcAT60-00386-00075592-00075750 available to everyone
neNgAdcAT60-00387-00075751-00075894 yeah that makes sense i mean if they had
neNgAdcAT60-00388-00075895-00076150 a tool that they were using internally
neNgAdcAT60-00389-00076151-00076279 that they were getting value out of but
neNgAdcAT60-00390-00076280-00076479 they couldn't effectively keep up
neNgAdcAT60-00391-00076480-00076679 support for the variety of platforms
neNgAdcAT60-00392-00076680-00076791 that were out there
neNgAdcAT60-00393-00076792-00076967 that move of open sourcing it would
neNgAdcAT60-00394-00076968-00077167 potentially help solve that problem for
neNgAdcAT60-00395-00077168-00077271 them
neNgAdcAT60-00396-00077272-00077406 yeah it definitely opens up
neNgAdcAT60-00397-00077407-00077575 opportunities for them to get a wider
neNgAdcAT60-00398-00077576-00077852 base of development support
neNgAdcAT60-00399-00077853-00078047 [Music]
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neNgAdcAT60-00414-00080495-00080687 we help you shorten the time it takes to
neNgAdcAT60-00415-00080688-00080847 catch vulnerabilities
neNgAdcAT60-00416-00080848-00081079 and ensure your organization is
neNgAdcAT60-00417-00081080-00081343 following the absolute best practices in
neNgAdcAT60-00418-00081344-00081526 cyber security today
neNgAdcAT60-00419-00081527-00081871 for more information visit tripwire.com
neNgAdcAT60-00420-00081872-00082415 that's tripwire.com
neNgAdcAT60-00421-00082416-00082655 what made you choose to not only i mean
neNgAdcAT60-00422-00082656-00082775 i understand why you're you're using
neNgAdcAT60-00423-00082776-00082838 ghidra
neNgAdcAT60-00424-00082839-00083062 you know as part of your your job for
neNgAdcAT60-00425-00083063-00083238 research what made you decide to
neNgAdcAT60-00426-00083239-00083382 to teach about it like what was the
neNgAdcAT60-00427-00083383-00083591 motivation behind that i had some
neNgAdcAT60-00428-00083592-00083694 discussions with
neNgAdcAT60-00429-00083695-00084038 um people within infosec on reddit and
neNgAdcAT60-00430-00084039-00084247 discord channels and it seemed like
neNgAdcAT60-00431-00084248-00084367 there were a lot of people that were
neNgAdcAT60-00432-00084368-00084455 really excited
neNgAdcAT60-00433-00084456-00084647 about the fact that geidra is there
neNgAdcAT60-00434-00084648-00084815 maybe a little bit distrustful about the
neNgAdcAT60-00435-00084816-00085031 fact that nsa had put it out there
neNgAdcAT60-00436-00085032-00085255 but um a lot of people seemed
neNgAdcAT60-00437-00085256-00085415 intimidated about
neNgAdcAT60-00438-00085416-00085623 actually shifting over from their
neNgAdcAT60-00439-00085624-00085823 experience with ida pro and
neNgAdcAT60-00440-00085824-00086094 binja what other whatever other tools
neNgAdcAT60-00441-00086095-00086199 they've been using
neNgAdcAT60-00442-00086200-00086447 to actually dive into ghidra so i
neNgAdcAT60-00443-00086448-00086550 thought that this would be a good
neNgAdcAT60-00444-00086551-00086647 opportunity to
neNgAdcAT60-00445-00086648-00086943 kind of do some hand-holding and show
neNgAdcAT60-00446-00086944-00087047 not just
neNgAdcAT60-00447-00087048-00087262 these are the features of ghidra but
neNgAdcAT60-00448-00087263-00087391 also
neNgAdcAT60-00449-00087392-00087606 here is how you use these features to
neNgAdcAT60-00450-00087607-00087799 perform these various tasks so
neNgAdcAT60-00451-00087800-00088006 in the class we'll look over a mirai
neNgAdcAT60-00452-00088007-00088143 sample and
neNgAdcAT60-00453-00088144-00088343 identify here's how you can see where
neNgAdcAT60-00454-00088344-00088567 there's some suspicious activity that
neNgAdcAT60-00455-00088568-00088606 they're
neNgAdcAT60-00456-00088607-00088862 obfuscating some functionality and if we
neNgAdcAT60-00457-00088863-00089038 dig into it through these techniques
neNgAdcAT60-00458-00089039-00089223 we can ultimately recover the
neNgAdcAT60-00459-00089224-00089391 cryptography keys that are being used to
neNgAdcAT60-00460-00089392-00089526 protect the settings
neNgAdcAT60-00461-00089527-00089726 and i walk the class through how to then
neNgAdcAT60-00462-00089727-00089838 recover
neNgAdcAT60-00463-00089839-00090143 from a real world mirai malware sample
neNgAdcAT60-00464-00090144-00090335 um the botnet configuration that would
neNgAdcAT60-00465-00090336-00090543 tell it where the commanding control
neNgAdcAT60-00466-00090544-00090662 server was
neNgAdcAT60-00467-00090663-00090806 well you're bringing up an interesting
neNgAdcAT60-00468-00090807-00091079 point because i i tend to think of
neNgAdcAT60-00469-00091080-00091255 reverse engineering in the context of
neNgAdcAT60-00470-00091256-00091462 vulnerability discovery so
neNgAdcAT60-00471-00091463-00091631 reverse engineering a legitimate
neNgAdcAT60-00472-00091632-00091775 application
neNgAdcAT60-00473-00091776-00091935 you know looking for ways that that it
neNgAdcAT60-00474-00091936-00092247 might might be vulnerable to exploit
neNgAdcAT60-00475-00092248-00092462 but you bring up an example of reverse
neNgAdcAT60-00476-00092463-00092599 engineering malware
neNgAdcAT60-00477-00092600-00092831 as a means to to defend against it more
neNgAdcAT60-00478-00092832-00092935 effectively and that's that's a
neNgAdcAT60-00479-00092936-00093094 different use case
neNgAdcAT60-00480-00093095-00093423 yeah certainly um much of what i do
neNgAdcAT60-00481-00093424-00093759 is related to looking for code paths of
neNgAdcAT60-00482-00093760-00093894 new vulnerabilities
neNgAdcAT60-00483-00093895-00094199 but in my iot research especially i run
neNgAdcAT60-00484-00094200-00094326 some honeypots
neNgAdcAT60-00485-00094327-00094503 and i will from time to time get
neNgAdcAT60-00486-00094504-00094694 interesting malware samples
neNgAdcAT60-00487-00094695-00094935 and they they tend to be somewhat easy
neNgAdcAT60-00488-00094936-00095023 to analyze
neNgAdcAT60-00489-00095024-00095206 but everyone's small you can see from
neNgAdcAT60-00490-00095207-00095343 these
neNgAdcAT60-00491-00095344-00095535 other exploits that are being delivered
neNgAdcAT60-00492-00095536-00095735 through the same malware so you can
neNgAdcAT60-00493-00095736-00095855 learn things from that
neNgAdcAT60-00494-00095856-00096343 you can also learn things about the um
neNgAdcAT60-00495-00096344-00096494 owner of the infrastructure that was
neNgAdcAT60-00496-00096495-00096743 being used for the malware campaigns
neNgAdcAT60-00497-00096744-00096903 so definitely there's a lot of
neNgAdcAT60-00498-00096904-00097071 fascinating use cases for malware
neNgAdcAT60-00499-00097072-00097238 research
neNgAdcAT60-00500-00097239-00097479 yeah well it expands the value i mean i
neNgAdcAT60-00501-00097480-00097582 i think
neNgAdcAT60-00502-00097583-00097671 you know it gives me a different
neNgAdcAT60-00503-00097672-00097911 perspective a little bit on on the nsa
neNgAdcAT60-00504-00097912-00097991 angle there too
neNgAdcAT60-00505-00097992-00098271 you know expanding the pool of not just
neNgAdcAT60-00506-00098272-00098431 vulnerability researchers but of
neNgAdcAT60-00507-00098432-00098743 people doing research on malware in the
neNgAdcAT60-00508-00098744-00098831 wild
neNgAdcAT60-00509-00098832-00099135 has has a net benefit as well yeah i
neNgAdcAT60-00510-00099136-00099167 mean
neNgAdcAT60-00511-00099168-00099415 in general i think the nsa benefits from
neNgAdcAT60-00512-00099416-00099615 a more technically literate
neNgAdcAT60-00513-00099616-00099991 population yeah that's true
neNgAdcAT60-00514-00099992-00100294 and it expands their i mean that the you
neNgAdcAT60-00515-00100295-00100462 know the open source release
neNgAdcAT60-00516-00100463-00100679 isn't limited to to the united states by
neNgAdcAT60-00517-00100680-00100831 any means so it expands to more of an
neNgAdcAT60-00518-00100832-00100999 international audience as well
neNgAdcAT60-00519-00101000-00101318 yes yeah yeah that's interesting it's an
neNgAdcAT60-00520-00101319-00101462 interesting move and it feels like it
neNgAdcAT60-00521-00101463-00101550 it's
neNgAdcAT60-00522-00101551-00101847 it's changing you know sort of that that
neNgAdcAT60-00523-00101848-00101999 landscape of tools
neNgAdcAT60-00524-00102000-00102287 in a meaningful way but it doesn't you
neNgAdcAT60-00525-00102288-00102439 know it's not the be-all and end-all
neNgAdcAT60-00526-00102440-00102478 right
neNgAdcAT60-00527-00102479-00102694 um people still use the commercial tools
neNgAdcAT60-00528-00102695-00102910 there's still a viable business there
neNgAdcAT60-00529-00102911-00103230 so what is it that um
neNgAdcAT60-00530-00103231-00103454 what is it that that guidra's missing
neNgAdcAT60-00531-00103455-00103694 like what's coming next
neNgAdcAT60-00532-00103695-00103902 why is it important where should that
neNgAdcAT60-00533-00103903-00104102 tool go in order to continue servicing
neNgAdcAT60-00534-00104103-00104206 the community
neNgAdcAT60-00535-00104207-00104542 yeah so in a nutshell the the biggest
neNgAdcAT60-00536-00104543-00104702 missing feature would be debugging and
neNgAdcAT60-00537-00104703-00104830 emulation support
neNgAdcAT60-00538-00104831-00105183 so if you're using ida pro for example
neNgAdcAT60-00539-00105183-00105454 i could load up a binary from an iot
neNgAdcAT60-00540-00105455-00105519 device
neNgAdcAT60-00541-00105520-00105799 and i can then instruct i to connect to
neNgAdcAT60-00542-00105800-00105943 a debugging server that i've loaded on
neNgAdcAT60-00543-00105944-00106119 that device and interactively step
neNgAdcAT60-00544-00106120-00106327 through the disassembly
neNgAdcAT60-00545-00106328-00106471 or if you have the decompilation
neNgAdcAT60-00546-00106472-00106695 decompiler edition the decompilation of
neNgAdcAT60-00547-00106696-00106790 course
neNgAdcAT60-00548-00106791-00107095 um gidra does not currently have that
neNgAdcAT60-00549-00107096-00107334 but it's actually interesting to see
neNgAdcAT60-00550-00107335-00107486 they've been talking about adding
neNgAdcAT60-00551-00107488-00107654 debugging support
neNgAdcAT60-00552-00107655-00107927 meaning the ability to actively debug a
neNgAdcAT60-00553-00107928-00108127 binary that you're reverse engineering
neNgAdcAT60-00554-00108128-00108254 um they've been talking about this for
neNgAdcAT60-00555-00108255-00108486 some time and now
neNgAdcAT60-00556-00108488-00108647 in the last couple months i saw that
neNgAdcAT60-00557-00108648-00108854 they've actually pushed a repo into
neNgAdcAT60-00558-00108855-00109166 git which seems to have support for
neNgAdcAT60-00559-00109167-00109415 debugging and in the notes there they're
neNgAdcAT60-00560-00109416-00109558 also indicating that
neNgAdcAT60-00561-00109559-00109702 this will be growing to introduce
neNgAdcAT60-00562-00109703-00109902 support for emulation as well
neNgAdcAT60-00563-00109903-00110134 um what's really cool about that is it
neNgAdcAT60-00564-00110135-00110239 means that
neNgAdcAT60-00565-00110240-00110454 you could actually take say a firmware
neNgAdcAT60-00566-00110455-00110686 image or files dumped off of
neNgAdcAT60-00567-00110688-00110895 an embedded device and start working
neNgAdcAT60-00568-00110896-00111031 with the mengidra
neNgAdcAT60-00569-00111032-00111199 and if you come to a piece of code that
neNgAdcAT60-00570-00111200-00111399 you maybe don't fully understand
neNgAdcAT60-00571-00111400-00111590 you can allow gider to start emulating
neNgAdcAT60-00572-00111591-00111775 the cpu that's backing it and the c
neNgAdcAT60-00573-00111776-00111958 libraries perhaps as well
neNgAdcAT60-00574-00111959-00112134 and walking through and debugging that
neNgAdcAT60-00575-00112135-00112463 code to get a better understanding of it
neNgAdcAT60-00576-00112464-00112647 this isn't there yet the emulation
neNgAdcAT60-00577-00112648-00112766 support but
neNgAdcAT60-00578-00112767-00112951 the developers have noted in the release
neNgAdcAT60-00579-00112952-00113078 notes that
neNgAdcAT60-00580-00113079-00113366 um you're discouraged from working on
neNgAdcAT60-00581-00113367-00113399 that
neNgAdcAT60-00582-00113400-00113607 on your own because they expect to put
neNgAdcAT60-00583-00113608-00113758 it in as a proper feature
neNgAdcAT60-00584-00113759-00113934 in the future oh what does that mean
neNgAdcAT60-00585-00113935-00114071 you're discouraged from working on your
neNgAdcAT60-00586-00114072-00114119 own
neNgAdcAT60-00587-00114120-00114302 uh basically like they they don't want
neNgAdcAT60-00588-00114303-00114527 people to go ahead and spend their time
neNgAdcAT60-00589-00114528-00114702 implementing the emulation support as a
neNgAdcAT60-00590-00114703-00114863 particular type of plug-in because
neNgAdcAT60-00591-00114864-00115015 it would be a wasted effort when they
neNgAdcAT60-00592-00115016-00115207 later come out and release it as a core
neNgAdcAT60-00593-00115208-00115295 feature
neNgAdcAT60-00594-00115296-00115431 somebody else is working on it so you'd
neNgAdcAT60-00595-00115432-00115590 be duplicating your effort yes that
neNgAdcAT60-00596-00115591-00115727 makes sense that makes sense i get it
neNgAdcAT60-00597-00115728-00115831 okay
neNgAdcAT60-00598-00115832-00116134 interesting so you know in conclusion
neNgAdcAT60-00599-00116135-00116286 here i mean we started with a little bit
neNgAdcAT60-00600-00116288-00116319 of
neNgAdcAT60-00601-00116320-00116631 of where vulnerability research was i
neNgAdcAT60-00602-00116632-00116766 i just want to think a little bit here
neNgAdcAT60-00603-00116767-00116958 of like how it started and how it's
neNgAdcAT60-00604-00116959-00117158 going you know that that meme that
neNgAdcAT60-00605-00117159-00117358 that you've probably seen around and i'm
neNgAdcAT60-00606-00117359-00117478 just thinking about it from a
neNgAdcAT60-00607-00117479-00117686 vulnerability research perspective
neNgAdcAT60-00608-00117688-00117878 if you think back craig to when you sort
neNgAdcAT60-00609-00117879-00118031 of started
neNgAdcAT60-00610-00118032-00118278 doing vulnerability research how are you
neNgAdcAT60-00611-00118279-00118415 spending your time
neNgAdcAT60-00612-00118416-00118599 in comparison to how you spend it now
neNgAdcAT60-00613-00118600-00118743 what are the biggest changes that have
neNgAdcAT60-00614-00118744-00118863 occurred
neNgAdcAT60-00615-00118864-00119071 um yes so when i started my
neNgAdcAT60-00616-00119072-00119207 vulnerability research it was
neNgAdcAT60-00617-00119208-00119495 a lot more fuzzing oriented so at
neNgAdcAT60-00618-00119496-00119583 fuzzing
neNgAdcAT60-00619-00119583-00119758 if you don't know is basically
neNgAdcAT60-00620-00119759-00119966 generating inputs that are
neNgAdcAT60-00621-00119967-00120263 expected to be invalid and throwing the
neNgAdcAT60-00622-00120264-00120407 meta system and seeing what kind of
neNgAdcAT60-00623-00120408-00120695 different results you get um
neNgAdcAT60-00624-00120696-00120999 it's kind of just uh
neNgAdcAT60-00625-00121000-00121223 brute force trial and error oftentimes
neNgAdcAT60-00626-00121224-00121439 when you're trying to break a system
neNgAdcAT60-00627-00121440-00121790 yeah but also it was wildly effective
neNgAdcAT60-00628-00121791-00122078 for many many years and then the advent
neNgAdcAT60-00629-00122079-00122134 of
neNgAdcAT60-00630-00122135-00122302 more sophisticated fuzzing tools that
neNgAdcAT60-00631-00122303-00122495 would do generational fuzzing
neNgAdcAT60-00632-00122496-00122710 just kept on getting results for a long
neNgAdcAT60-00633-00122711-00122823 time but
neNgAdcAT60-00634-00122824-00123134 um over time these types of flaws that
neNgAdcAT60-00635-00123135-00123295 you can find through fuzzers
neNgAdcAT60-00636-00123296-00123614 they become less and less and you start
neNgAdcAT60-00637-00123615-00123839 getting into other kinds of flaws that
neNgAdcAT60-00638-00123840-00124127 become rather difficult to see without
neNgAdcAT60-00639-00124128-00124231 doing
neNgAdcAT60-00640-00124232-00124519 more involved analysis techniques either
neNgAdcAT60-00641-00124520-00124623 having a manual
neNgAdcAT60-00642-00124624-00124863 inspection of the source code or being
neNgAdcAT60-00643-00124864-00125127 able to transform the source code into
neNgAdcAT60-00644-00125128-00125295 an intermediary language the way that
neNgAdcAT60-00645-00125296-00125486 geeder does and then running it through
neNgAdcAT60-00646-00125488-00125663 symbolic processing and stuff like that
neNgAdcAT60-00647-00125664-00125790 to be able to do
neNgAdcAT60-00648-00125791-00126231 taint analysis and recognize um more
neNgAdcAT60-00649-00126232-00126423 nuanced behaviors that aren't going to
neNgAdcAT60-00650-00126424-00126623 show up as easily by just
neNgAdcAT60-00651-00126624-00126775 uh throwing random data at an
neNgAdcAT60-00652-00126776-00126934 application
neNgAdcAT60-00653-00126935-00127190 so if i were to sort of summarize that
neNgAdcAT60-00654-00127191-00127414 you you started spending your time
neNgAdcAT60-00655-00127415-00127575 you know interacting with fuzzers or
neNgAdcAT60-00656-00127576-00127727 creating input for
neNgAdcAT60-00657-00127728-00127951 fuzzing and now you spend more of your
neNgAdcAT60-00658-00127952-00128031 time
neNgAdcAT60-00659-00128032-00128166 doing reverse engineering through
neNgAdcAT60-00660-00128167-00128390 through tools like gidra yeah
neNgAdcAT60-00661-00128391-00128575 definitely i spend a lot more time now
neNgAdcAT60-00662-00128576-00128719 if i'm going to
neNgAdcAT60-00663-00128720-00128943 analyze a new system and i have access
neNgAdcAT60-00664-00128944-00129078 to the binaries
neNgAdcAT60-00665-00129079-00129366 i will first be reviewing what api calls
neNgAdcAT60-00666-00129367-00129543 it's making and tracing back code to try
neNgAdcAT60-00667-00129544-00129639 and find
neNgAdcAT60-00668-00129640-00129878 initial points to start that fuzz or to
neNgAdcAT60-00669-00129879-00130134 just start manual testing around
neNgAdcAT60-00670-00130135-00130295 well it sounds pretty interesting and it
neNgAdcAT60-00671-00130296-00130447 sounds like uh you know the industry's
neNgAdcAT60-00672-00130448-00130590 made a lot of progress there
neNgAdcAT60-00673-00130591-00130799 are you planning on doing any more
neNgAdcAT60-00674-00130800-00130927 teaching do you have anything coming up
neNgAdcAT60-00675-00130928-00130975 that
neNgAdcAT60-00676-00130976-00131278 people should be aware of um my schedule
neNgAdcAT60-00677-00131279-00131487 for this year is still pending but
neNgAdcAT60-00678-00131488-00131647 if you keep posted on the state of
neNgAdcAT60-00679-00131648-00131895 security blog there will be updates
neNgAdcAT60-00680-00131896-00132071 all right so you you'd like to do more
neNgAdcAT60-00681-00132072-00132166 teaching and you're looking for
neNgAdcAT60-00682-00132167-00132319 opportunities is that a reasonable way
neNgAdcAT60-00683-00132320-00132407 to put it
neNgAdcAT60-00684-00132408-00132607 yes uh right now there's some training
neNgAdcAT60-00685-00132608-00132766 sessions that are pending but they're
neNgAdcAT60-00686-00132767-00133047 they're private sessions um i'm hoping
neNgAdcAT60-00687-00133048-00133207 that i'll be able to get out some
neNgAdcAT60-00688-00133208-00133383 conferences this year but
neNgAdcAT60-00689-00133384-00133607 with uh covet and everything it's been a
neNgAdcAT60-00690-00133608-00133719 little bit
neNgAdcAT60-00691-00133720-00133983 um up in the air yeah everything has it
neNgAdcAT60-00692-00133984-00134023 seems
neNgAdcAT60-00693-00134024-00134302 it's true it's true all right well
neNgAdcAT60-00694-00134303-00134439 listen craig i really want to
neNgAdcAT60-00695-00134440-00134575 thank you for joining us i think it was
neNgAdcAT60-00696-00134576-00134751 a really interesting conversation i hope
neNgAdcAT60-00697-00134752-00134887 everybody who's listening found it
neNgAdcAT60-00698-00134888-00135023 interesting as well
neNgAdcAT60-00699-00135024-00135223 and uh you know we'll look forward to
neNgAdcAT60-00700-00135224-00135383 more material coming from you
neNgAdcAT60-00701-00135384-00135599 both on the vulnerability research side
neNgAdcAT60-00702-00135600-00135759 and uh on the uh
neNgAdcAT60-00703-00135760-00135966 the tool usage and teaching side thank
neNgAdcAT60-00704-00135967-00136175 you tim i really enjoyed it as well
neNgAdcAT60-00705-00136176-00136327 and thanks everyone for joining us as i
neNgAdcAT60-00706-00136328-00136495 said i hope it was interesting
neNgAdcAT60-00707-00136496-00136631 and enlightening and i hope you'll join
neNgAdcAT60-00708-00136632-00136807 us for the next episode of the tripwire
neNgAdcAT60-00709-00136808-00137111 cyber security podcast
neNgAdcAT60-00710-00137112-00137311 you have been listening to the tripwire
neNgAdcAT60-00711-00137312-00137495 cyber security podcast
neNgAdcAT60-00712-00137496-00137735 join us next time as we explore stories
neNgAdcAT60-00713-00137736-00137799 of people
neNgAdcAT60-00714-00137800-00137999 protecting people and techniques and
neNgAdcAT60-00715-00138000-00138231 best practices to harden your defenses
neNgAdcAT60-00716-00138232-00138383 against hackers
neNgAdcAT60-00717-00138384-00138535 we'll talk to you next time on the
neNgAdcAT60-00718-00138536-00139143 tripwire cyber security podcast
neNgAdcAT60-00719-00139144-00141054 [Music]
neNgAdcAT60-00720-00141055-00141264 you
nhBZLJAuS9u-00000-00000104-00000327 the southern united states also known as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00001-00000328-00000591 the american south dixie dixieland or
nhBZLJAuS9u-00002-00000592-00000767 simply the south is a region of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00003-00000768-00000966 united states of america
nhBZLJAuS9u-00004-00000967-00001191 it is located between the atlantic ocean
nhBZLJAuS9u-00005-00001192-00001374 and the western united states with the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00006-00001375-00001535 midwestern united states and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00007-00001536-00001743 northeastern united states to its north
nhBZLJAuS9u-00008-00001744-00001959 and the gulf of mexico and mexico to its
nhBZLJAuS9u-00009-00001960-00002087 south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00010-00002088-00002247 the south does not fully match the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00011-00002248-00002455 geographic south of the united states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00012-00002456-00002655 but is commonly defined as including the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00013-00002656-00002823 states that fought for the confederate
nhBZLJAuS9u-00014-00002824-00003031 states of america in the american civil
nhBZLJAuS9u-00015-00003032-00003126 war
nhBZLJAuS9u-00016-00003127-00003327 the deep south is fully located in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00017-00003328-00003583 southeastern corner arizona and new
nhBZLJAuS9u-00018-00003584-00003799 mexico which are geographically in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00019-00003800-00003990 southern part of the country are rarely
nhBZLJAuS9u-00020-00003992-00004191 considered part while west virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00021-00004192-00004486 which separated from virginia in 1863
nhBZLJAuS9u-00022-00004487-00004631 commonly as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00023-00004632-00004838 some scholars have proposed definitions
nhBZLJAuS9u-00024-00004839-00005047 of the south that do not coincide neatly
nhBZLJAuS9u-00025-00005048-00005215 with state boundaries
nhBZLJAuS9u-00026-00005216-00005367 while the states of delaware and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00027-00005368-00005543 maryland as well as the district of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00028-00005544-00005759 columbia permitted slavery prior to the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00029-00005760-00005927 start of the civil war they remained
nhBZLJAuS9u-00030-00005928-00006063 with the union
nhBZLJAuS9u-00031-00006064-00006238 since the civil rights movement of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00032-00006239-00006478 1960s they became more culturally
nhBZLJAuS9u-00033-00006479-00006678 economically and politically aligned
nhBZLJAuS9u-00034-00006679-00006863 with the industrial northern states and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00035-00006864-00007031 are often identified as part of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00036-00007031-00007223 mid-atlantic or northeast by many
nhBZLJAuS9u-00037-00007223-00007487 residents businesses public institutions
nhBZLJAuS9u-00038-00007488-00007703 and private organizations but the united
nhBZLJAuS9u-00039-00007704-00007887 states census bureau puts them in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00040-00007888-00008023 south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00041-00008023-00008207 usually the south is defined as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00042-00008208-00008383 including the southeastern and south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00043-00008384-00008655 central united states the region is
nhBZLJAuS9u-00044-00008656-00008855 known for its culture and history having
nhBZLJAuS9u-00045-00008856-00009103 developed its own customs musical styles
nhBZLJAuS9u-00046-00009104-00009303 and cuisines which have distinguished it
nhBZLJAuS9u-00047-00009304-00009487 in some ways from the rest of the united
nhBZLJAuS9u-00048-00009488-00009599 states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00049-00009600-00009831 the southern ethnic heritage is diverse
nhBZLJAuS9u-00050-00009832-00010046 and includes strong european mostly
nhBZLJAuS9u-00051-00010047-00010319 english scottish scots-irish irish
nhBZLJAuS9u-00052-00010320-00010551 german french and spanish-american
nhBZLJAuS9u-00053-00010552-00010727 african and some native american
nhBZLJAuS9u-00054-00010728-00010927 components some other aspects of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00055-00010928-00011127 historical and cultural development of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00056-00011128-00011295 the south have been influenced by the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00057-00011296-00011463 institution of slave labor on
nhBZLJAuS9u-00058-00011464-00011655 plantations in the deep south to an
nhBZLJAuS9u-00059-00011656-00011855 extent seen nowhere else in the united
nhBZLJAuS9u-00060-00011856-00012023 states the presence of a large
nhBZLJAuS9u-00061-00012024-00012214 proportion of african americans in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00062-00012215-00012423 population support for the doctrine of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00063-00012424-00012631 states rights and the legacy of racial
nhBZLJAuS9u-00064-00012632-00012838 tension magnified by the civil war and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00065-00012839-00013055 reconstruction era as seen in thousands
nhBZLJAuS9u-00066-00013056-00013366 of lynchings mostly from 1880 to 1930
nhBZLJAuS9u-00067-00013368-00013543 the segregated system of separate
nhBZLJAuS9u-00068-00013544-00013791 schools and public facilities known as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00069-00013791-00013958 jim crow laws
nhBZLJAuS9u-00070-00013959-00014199 that lasted until the 1960s and the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00071-00014200-00014415 widespread use of poll taxes and other
nhBZLJAuS9u-00072-00014416-00014622 methods to frequently deny black people
nhBZLJAuS9u-00073-00014623-00014791 of the right to vote or hold office
nhBZLJAuS9u-00074-00014791-00015007 until the 1960s
nhBZLJAuS9u-00075-00015008-00015271 since the late 1960s black people have
nhBZLJAuS9u-00076-00015272-00015486 held many offices in southern states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00077-00015487-00015663 especially in the coastal states of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00078-00015663-00015894 virginia and south carolina
nhBZLJAuS9u-00079-00015895-00016119 many black people have also been elected
nhBZLJAuS9u-00080-00016119-00016335 or appointed as mayors and police chiefs
nhBZLJAuS9u-00081-00016336-00016503 in the metropolises of charlotte
nhBZLJAuS9u-00082-00016504-00016775 birmingham richmond columbia memphis
nhBZLJAuS9u-00083-00016776-00017015 houston atlanta jacksonville and new
nhBZLJAuS9u-00084-00017016-00017199 orleans and serve in both the u.s
nhBZLJAuS9u-00085-00017200-00017391 congress and state legislatures
nhBZLJAuS9u-00086-00017392-00017607 historically the south relied heavily on
nhBZLJAuS9u-00087-00017608-00017814 agriculture and was highly rural until
nhBZLJAuS9u-00088-00017815-00018022 after 1945.
nhBZLJAuS9u-00089-00018023-00018230 it has since become more industrialized
nhBZLJAuS9u-00090-00018231-00018447 and urban and has attracted national and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00091-00018448-00018639 international migrants
nhBZLJAuS9u-00092-00018640-00018830 the american south is now among the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00093-00018831-00019030 fastest growing areas in the united
nhBZLJAuS9u-00094-00019031-00019150 states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00095-00019151-00019327 houston is the largest city in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00096-00019328-00019599 southern united states sociological
nhBZLJAuS9u-00097-00019600-00019758 research indicates that southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-00098-00019759-00019983 collective identity stems from political
nhBZLJAuS9u-00099-00019984-00020207 demographic and cultural distinctiveness
nhBZLJAuS9u-00100-00020208-00020447 from the rest of the united states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00101-00020448-00020639 the region contains almost all of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00102-00020640-00020855 bible belt an area of high protestant
nhBZLJAuS9u-00103-00020856-00021094 church attendance especially evangelical
nhBZLJAuS9u-00104-00021095-00021271 churches such as the southern baptist
nhBZLJAuS9u-00105-00021272-00021422 convention and predominantly
nhBZLJAuS9u-00106-00021423-00021591 conservative religion-influenced
nhBZLJAuS9u-00107-00021592-00021727 politics
nhBZLJAuS9u-00108-00021728-00021886 indeed studies have shown that
nhBZLJAuS9u-00109-00021887-00022055 southerners are more conservative than
nhBZLJAuS9u-00110-00022056-00022247 non-southerners in several areas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00111-00022248-00022430 including religion morality
nhBZLJAuS9u-00112-00022431-00022614 international relations and race
nhBZLJAuS9u-00113-00022615-00022750 relations
nhBZLJAuS9u-00114-00022751-00022927 this is evident in both the region's
nhBZLJAuS9u-00115-00022928-00023119 religious attendance figures and in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00116-00023120-00023319 region's usually strong support for the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00117-00023320-00023542 republican party in political elections
nhBZLJAuS9u-00118-00023543-00023814 since the 1960s and especially since the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00119-00023815-00024078 1990s apart from its climate the living
nhBZLJAuS9u-00120-00024079-00024255 experience in the south increasingly
nhBZLJAuS9u-00121-00024256-00024478 resembles the rest of the nation
nhBZLJAuS9u-00122-00024479-00024686 the arrival of millions of northerners
nhBZLJAuS9u-00123-00024687-00024927 especially in major metropolitan areas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00124-00024928-00025103 and coastal areas and millions of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00125-00025104-00025294 hispanics has meant the introduction of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00126-00025295-00025511 cultural values and social norms not
nhBZLJAuS9u-00127-00025512-00025734 rooted in southern traditions
nhBZLJAuS9u-00128-00025735-00025902 observers conclude that collective
nhBZLJAuS9u-00129-00025904-00026087 identity and southern distinctiveness
nhBZLJAuS9u-00130-00026088-00026279 are thus declining particularly when
nhBZLJAuS9u-00131-00026280-00026518 defined against an earlier south that
nhBZLJAuS9u-00132-00026519-00026751 was somehow more authentic real more
nhBZLJAuS9u-00133-00026752-00027007 unified and distinct
nhBZLJAuS9u-00134-00027008-00027246 the process has worked both ways however
nhBZLJAuS9u-00135-00027247-00027414 with aspects of southern culture
nhBZLJAuS9u-00136-00027416-00027574 spreading throughout a greater portion
nhBZLJAuS9u-00137-00027575-00027758 of the rest of the united states in a
nhBZLJAuS9u-00138-00027760-00028439 process termed southernization
nhBZLJAuS9u-00139-00028439-00028887 geography
nhBZLJAuS9u-00140-00028888-00029039 the question of how to define the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00141-00029039-00029207 subregions in the south has been the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00142-00029208-00029511 focus of research for nearly a century
nhBZLJAuS9u-00143-00029512-00029735 as defined by the united states census
nhBZLJAuS9u-00144-00029736-00029943 bureau the southern region of the united
nhBZLJAuS9u-00145-00029944-00030199 states includes 16 states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00146-00030200-00030570 as of 2010 an estimated 114
nhBZLJAuS9u-00147-00030572-00030755 555
nhBZLJAuS9u-00148-00030756-00031158 7744 people or 37 of all u.s residents
nhBZLJAuS9u-00149-00031160-00031335 lived in the south the nation's most
nhBZLJAuS9u-00150-00031336-00031487 populous region
nhBZLJAuS9u-00151-00031488-00031711 the census bureau defined three smaller
nhBZLJAuS9u-00152-00031712-00031862 divisions
nhBZLJAuS9u-00153-00031863-00032070 the south atlantic states delaware
nhBZLJAuS9u-00154-00032072-00032383 florida georgia maryland north carolina
nhBZLJAuS9u-00155-00032383-00032583 south carolina virginia and west
nhBZLJAuS9u-00156-00032583-00032735 virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00157-00032736-00032983 the east-south central states alabama
nhBZLJAuS9u-00158-00032984-00033287 kentucky mississippi and tennessee
nhBZLJAuS9u-00159-00033288-00033527 the west-south central states arkansas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00160-00033528-00033823 louisiana oklahoma and texas the council
nhBZLJAuS9u-00161-00033824-00034039 of state governments an organization for
nhBZLJAuS9u-00162-00034040-00034255 communication and coordination between
nhBZLJAuS9u-00163-00034256-00034455 states includes in its south regional
nhBZLJAuS9u-00164-00034456-00034702 office the states of alabama arkansas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00165-00034703-00034983 florida georgia kentucky louisiana
nhBZLJAuS9u-00166-00034984-00035239 mississippi missouri north carolina
nhBZLJAuS9u-00167-00035240-00035559 oklahoma south carolina tennessee texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00168-00035560-00035799 virginia and west virginia other terms
nhBZLJAuS9u-00169-00035800-00036030 related to the south include
nhBZLJAuS9u-00170-00036031-00036223 the old south can mean either the slave
nhBZLJAuS9u-00171-00036224-00036551 states that existed in 1776 virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00172-00036552-00036855 delaware maryland georgia north carolina
nhBZLJAuS9u-00173-00036856-00037046 and south carolina or all the slave
nhBZLJAuS9u-00174-00037047-00037287 states before 1860 which included the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00175-00037288-00037502 newer states of kentucky tennessee
nhBZLJAuS9u-00176-00037503-00037799 alabama florida mississippi missouri
nhBZLJAuS9u-00177-00037800-00038127 arkansas louisiana and texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00178-00038128-00038311 the new south usually including the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00179-00038312-00038527 south atlantic states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00180-00038528-00038718 the solid south region largely
nhBZLJAuS9u-00181-00038719-00038930 controlled by the democratic party from
nhBZLJAuS9u-00182-00038931-00039271 1877 to 1964 especially after
nhBZLJAuS9u-00183-00039272-00039471 disfranchisement of most blacks at the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00184-00039472-00039695 turn of the 20th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-00185-00039696-00039871 before that blacks were elected to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00186-00039872-00040095 national office and many to local office
nhBZLJAuS9u-00187-00040096-00040327 through the 1880s populist republican
nhBZLJAuS9u-00188-00040328-00040495 coalitions gained victories for
nhBZLJAuS9u-00189-00040496-00040679 fusionist candidates for governors in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00190-00040680-00040855 the 1890s
nhBZLJAuS9u-00191-00040856-00041071 includes at least all the 11 former
nhBZLJAuS9u-00192-00041072-00041279 confederate states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00193-00041280-00041495 southern appalachia mainly refers to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00194-00041496-00041655 areas situated in the southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-00195-00041656-00041855 appalachian mountains namely eastern
nhBZLJAuS9u-00196-00041856-00042087 kentucky east tennessee western north
nhBZLJAuS9u-00197-00042088-00042374 carolina western maryland west virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00198-00042375-00042590 southwest virginia north georgia and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00199-00042591-00042862 northwestern south carolina
nhBZLJAuS9u-00200-00042863-00043087 southeastern united states usually
nhBZLJAuS9u-00201-00043088-00043311 including the carolinas the virginias
nhBZLJAuS9u-00202-00043312-00043583 tennessee kentucky georgia alabama
nhBZLJAuS9u-00203-00043584-00043823 mississippi and florida
nhBZLJAuS9u-00204-00043824-00044039 the deep south various definitions
nhBZLJAuS9u-00205-00044040-00044295 usually including louisiana alabama
nhBZLJAuS9u-00206-00044296-00044615 mississippi georgia and south carolina
nhBZLJAuS9u-00207-00044616-00044823 also parts of adjoining states are
nhBZLJAuS9u-00208-00044824-00045023 included sections of east texas the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00209-00045024-00045262 mississippi embayment areas of arkansas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00210-00045263-00045446 and tennessee and northern and central
nhBZLJAuS9u-00211-00045447-00045590 florida
nhBZLJAuS9u-00212-00045591-00045807 the gulf south various definitions
nhBZLJAuS9u-00213-00045808-00046030 usually including gulf coasts of florida
nhBZLJAuS9u-00214-00046031-00046415 louisiana mississippi texas and alabama
nhBZLJAuS9u-00215-00046416-00046671 the upper south kentucky virginia west
nhBZLJAuS9u-00216-00046672-00046951 virginia tennessee north carolina and on
nhBZLJAuS9u-00217-00046952-00047174 rare occasions missouri maryland and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00218-00047175-00047327 delaware
nhBZLJAuS9u-00219-00047328-00047551 dixie various definitions but most
nhBZLJAuS9u-00220-00047552-00047774 commonly associated with the 11 states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00221-00047775-00047990 of the old confederacy
nhBZLJAuS9u-00222-00047991-00048207 the mid-south various definitions
nhBZLJAuS9u-00223-00048208-00048383 including that of the census bureau of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00224-00048384-00048599 the east and west-south central united
nhBZLJAuS9u-00225-00048600-00048815 states in another informal definition
nhBZLJAuS9u-00226-00048816-00049062 tennessee arkansas mississippi and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00227-00049063-00049239 sometimes adjoining areas of other
nhBZLJAuS9u-00228-00049240-00049390 states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00229-00049391-00049655 border south missouri kentucky maryland
nhBZLJAuS9u-00230-00049656-00049839 and delaware were states on the outer
nhBZLJAuS9u-00231-00049840-00050015 rim of the confederacy that did not
nhBZLJAuS9u-00232-00050016-00050190 secede from the united states in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00233-00050191-00050439 1860s but did have significant numbers
nhBZLJAuS9u-00234-00050440-00050615 of residents who joined the confederate
nhBZLJAuS9u-00235-00050616-00050767 armed forces
nhBZLJAuS9u-00236-00050768-00050967 kentucky and missouri had confederate
nhBZLJAuS9u-00237-00050968-00051127 governments in exile and were
nhBZLJAuS9u-00238-00051128-00051326 represented in the confederate congress
nhBZLJAuS9u-00239-00051327-00051511 and by stars on the confederate battle
nhBZLJAuS9u-00240-00051512-00051623 flag
nhBZLJAuS9u-00241-00051624-00051926 west virginia formed in 1863 after the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00242-00051927-00052150 western region of virginia broke away to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00243-00052151-00052342 protest the old dominions joining of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00244-00052344-00052542 confederacy but residents of the new
nhBZLJAuS9u-00245-00052544-00052719 state were about evenly divided on
nhBZLJAuS9u-00246-00052720-00052919 supporting the union or the confederacy
nhBZLJAuS9u-00247-00052920-00053207 the popular definition of the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00248-00053208-00053366 is more informal and generally
nhBZLJAuS9u-00249-00053367-00053566 associated with the 11 states that
nhBZLJAuS9u-00250-00053567-00053766 seceded before or during the civil war
nhBZLJAuS9u-00251-00053767-00053919 to form the confederate states of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00252-00053920-00054071 america
nhBZLJAuS9u-00253-00054072-00054271 in order of their secession these were
nhBZLJAuS9u-00254-00054272-00054519 south carolina mississippi florida
nhBZLJAuS9u-00255-00054520-00054879 alabama georgia louisiana texas virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00256-00054879-00055199 arkansas tennessee and north carolina
nhBZLJAuS9u-00257-00055200-00055382 these states share commonalities of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00258-00055383-00055575 history and culture that carry on to the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00259-00055576-00055711 present day
nhBZLJAuS9u-00260-00055712-00055894 oklahoma was not a state during the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00261-00055895-00056094 civil war but all its major native
nhBZLJAuS9u-00262-00056095-00056319 american tribes sign formal treaties of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00263-00056320-00056526 alliance with the confederacy the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00264-00056527-00056759 is a diverse meteorological region with
nhBZLJAuS9u-00265-00056760-00056959 numerous climatic zones including
nhBZLJAuS9u-00266-00056960-00057263 temperate subtropical tropical and arid
nhBZLJAuS9u-00267-00057264-00057407 though the south generally has a
nhBZLJAuS9u-00268-00057408-00057623 reputation as hot and humid with long
nhBZLJAuS9u-00269-00057624-00057871 summers and short mild winters
nhBZLJAuS9u-00270-00057872-00058015 most of the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00271-00058016-00058191 except for the higher elevations and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00272-00058191-00058391 areas near the western southern and some
nhBZLJAuS9u-00273-00058391-00058615 northern fringes fall in the humid
nhBZLJAuS9u-00274-00058616-00058823 subtropical climate zone
nhBZLJAuS9u-00275-00058824-00059030 crops grow readily in the south its
nhBZLJAuS9u-00276-00059032-00059223 climate consistently provides growing
nhBZLJAuS9u-00277-00059224-00059407 seasons of at least six months before
nhBZLJAuS9u-00278-00059408-00059566 the first frost
nhBZLJAuS9u-00279-00059567-00059782 another common environment occurs in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00280-00059783-00059991 bayous and swamplands of the gulf coast
nhBZLJAuS9u-00281-00059991-00060647 especially in louisiana and in texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00282-00060648-00061142 history
nhBZLJAuS9u-00283-00061144-00061623 native american culture
nhBZLJAuS9u-00284-00061624-00061823 the first well-dated evidence of human
nhBZLJAuS9u-00285-00061824-00062038 occupation in the south united states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00286-00062039-00062294 occurs around 9 500 bc with the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00287-00062295-00062479 appearance of the earliest documented
nhBZLJAuS9u-00288-00062479-00062663 americans who are now referred to as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00289-00062664-00062838 paleo-indians
nhBZLJAuS9u-00290-00062839-00063038 paleo-indians were hunter-gatherers that
nhBZLJAuS9u-00291-00063039-00063223 roamed in bands and frequently hunted
nhBZLJAuS9u-00292-00063224-00063366 megafauna
nhBZLJAuS9u-00293-00063367-00063630 several cultural stages such as archaic
nhBZLJAuS9u-00294-00063632-00064071 ca 8000 1000 bc and the woodland ca 1000
nhBZLJAuS9u-00295-00064072-00064406 bc ad1000 preceded what the europeans
nhBZLJAuS9u-00296-00064407-00064647 found at the end of the 15th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-00297-00064648-00064791 the mississippian culture the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00298-00064791-00064999 mississippian culture was a complex
nhBZLJAuS9u-00299-00065000-00065182 mound-building native american culture
nhBZLJAuS9u-00300-00065183-00065319 that flourished in what is now the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00301-00065320-00065494 southeastern united states from
nhBZLJAuS9u-00302-00065495-00065863 approximately 800 ad to 1500 a.d
nhBZLJAuS9u-00303-00065864-00066047 natives had elaborate and lengthy
nhBZLJAuS9u-00304-00066048-00066206 trading routes connecting their main
nhBZLJAuS9u-00305-00066207-00066406 residential and ceremonial centers
nhBZLJAuS9u-00306-00066407-00066575 extending through the river valleys and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00307-00066576-00066823 from the east coast to the great lakes
nhBZLJAuS9u-00308-00066824-00067047 some noted explorers who encountered and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00309-00067048-00067247 described the mississippian culture by
nhBZLJAuS9u-00310-00067248-00067463 then in decline included panfilo de
nhBZLJAuS9u-00311-00067464-00067879 narvaez 1528 hernando de soto 1540 and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00312-00067880-00068223 pierre lemoine diberville 1699.
nhBZLJAuS9u-00313-00068224-00068423 native american descendants of the mound
nhBZLJAuS9u-00314-00068424-00068663 builders include alabama appalachia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00315-00068664-00068975 caddo cherokee chickasaw choctaw creek
nhBZLJAuS9u-00316-00068976-00069279 guale hichati houma and seminole peoples
nhBZLJAuS9u-00317-00069280-00069535 all of whom still reside in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00318-00069536-00069735 other peoples whose ancestral links to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00319-00069736-00069935 the mississippian culture are less clear
nhBZLJAuS9u-00320-00069936-00070103 but were clearly in the region before
nhBZLJAuS9u-00321-00070104-00070279 the european incursion include the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00322-00070280-00070487 catawba and the powhatan
nhBZLJAuS9u-00323-00070488-00070735 topic european colonization european
nhBZLJAuS9u-00324-00070736-00070950 immigration resulted in a corresponding
nhBZLJAuS9u-00325-00070951-00071159 die off of native americans who had not
nhBZLJAuS9u-00326-00071160-00071367 been exposed to various diseases.the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00327-00071368-00071543 predominant culture of the south was
nhBZLJAuS9u-00328-00071544-00071703 rooted in the settlement of the region
nhBZLJAuS9u-00329-00071704-00071894 by british colonists
nhBZLJAuS9u-00330-00071895-00072150 in the 17th century most voluntary
nhBZLJAuS9u-00331-00072151-00072326 immigrants were of english origins who
nhBZLJAuS9u-00332-00072327-00072494 settled chiefly along the coastal
nhBZLJAuS9u-00333-00072495-00072687 regions of the eastern seaboard but had
nhBZLJAuS9u-00334-00072688-00072879 pushed as far inland as the appalachian
nhBZLJAuS9u-00335-00072880-00073119 mountains by the 18th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-00336-00073120-00073326 the majority of early english settlers
nhBZLJAuS9u-00337-00073327-00073503 were indentured servants who gained
nhBZLJAuS9u-00338-00073504-00073671 freedom after enough work to pay off
nhBZLJAuS9u-00339-00073672-00073806 their passage
nhBZLJAuS9u-00340-00073807-00073982 the wealthier men who paid their way
nhBZLJAuS9u-00341-00073983-00074167 received land grants known as head
nhBZLJAuS9u-00342-00074168-00074335 rights to encourage settlement the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00343-00074336-00074503 spanish and french established
nhBZLJAuS9u-00344-00074504-00074679 settlements in florida texas and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00345-00074680-00074823 louisiana
nhBZLJAuS9u-00346-00074824-00075055 the spanish settled florida in the 16th
nhBZLJAuS9u-00347-00075056-00075303 century reaching a peak in the late 17th
nhBZLJAuS9u-00348-00075304-00075431 century
nhBZLJAuS9u-00349-00075432-00075623 in the british colonies immigration
nhBZLJAuS9u-00350-00075624-00075894 began in 1607 and continued until the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00351-00075895-00076238 outbreak of the revolution in 1775.
nhBZLJAuS9u-00352-00076239-00076462 settlers cleared land built houses and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00353-00076463-00076719 outbuildings and on their own farms
nhBZLJAuS9u-00354-00076720-00076911 the rich owned large plantations that
nhBZLJAuS9u-00355-00076912-00077143 dominated export agriculture and used
nhBZLJAuS9u-00356-00077144-00077271 slaves
nhBZLJAuS9u-00357-00077272-00077391 many were involved in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00358-00077392-00077631 labor-intensive cultivation of tobacco
nhBZLJAuS9u-00359-00077632-00077871 the first cash crop of virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00360-00077872-00078094 tobacco exhausted the soil quickly
nhBZLJAuS9u-00361-00078095-00078311 requiring that farmers regularly clear
nhBZLJAuS9u-00362-00078312-00078447 new fields
nhBZLJAuS9u-00363-00078448-00078679 they used old fields as pasture and for
nhBZLJAuS9u-00364-00078680-00078871 crops such as corn and wheat or allowed
nhBZLJAuS9u-00365-00078872-00079071 them to grow into woodlots in the mid to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00366-00079072-00079319 late 18th century large groups of ulster
nhBZLJAuS9u-00367-00079320-00079535 scots later called the scotch irish and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00368-00079536-00079719 people from the anglo-scottish border
nhBZLJAuS9u-00369-00079720-00079903 region immigrated and settled in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00370-00079904-00080062 back country of appalachia and the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00371-00080063-00080182 piedmont
nhBZLJAuS9u-00372-00080183-00080311 they were the largest group of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00373-00080312-00080487 non-english immigrants from the british
nhBZLJAuS9u-00374-00080488-00080750 isles before the american revolution
nhBZLJAuS9u-00375-00080751-00081079 in the 1980 census 34 of southerners
nhBZLJAuS9u-00376-00081080-00081223 reported that they were of english
nhBZLJAuS9u-00377-00081224-00081415 ancestry english was the largest
nhBZLJAuS9u-00378-00081416-00081631 reported european ancestry in every
nhBZLJAuS9u-00379-00081632-00081823 southern state by a large margin the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00380-00081824-00082087 early colonists engaged in warfare trade
nhBZLJAuS9u-00381-00082088-00082287 and cultural exchanges
nhBZLJAuS9u-00382-00082288-00082447 those living in the backcountry were
nhBZLJAuS9u-00383-00082448-00082662 more likely to encounter creek indians
nhBZLJAuS9u-00384-00082663-00082887 cherokee and choctaws and other regional
nhBZLJAuS9u-00385-00082888-00083031 native groups
nhBZLJAuS9u-00386-00083032-00083238 the oldest university in the south the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00387-00083239-00083455 college of william and mary was founded
nhBZLJAuS9u-00388-00083456-00083750 in 1693 in virginia it pioneered in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00389-00083751-00083935 teaching of political economy and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00390-00083936-00084199 educated future u.s presidents jefferson
nhBZLJAuS9u-00391-00084200-00084471 monroe and tyler all from virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00392-00084472-00084679 indeed the entire region dominated
nhBZLJAuS9u-00393-00084680-00084911 politics in the first party system era
nhBZLJAuS9u-00394-00084912-00085103 for example four of the first five
nhBZLJAuS9u-00395-00085104-00085367 presidents washington jefferson madison
nhBZLJAuS9u-00396-00085368-00085647 and monroe were from virginia the two
nhBZLJAuS9u-00397-00085648-00085879 oldest public universities are also in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00398-00085880-00086055 the south the university of north
nhBZLJAuS9u-00399-00086056-00086350 carolina 1789 and the university of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00400-00086351-00086591 georgia 1785
nhBZLJAuS9u-00401-00086592-00086823 topic american revolution with virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00402-00086824-00086991 in the lead the southern colonies
nhBZLJAuS9u-00403-00086992-00087175 embraced the american revolution
nhBZLJAuS9u-00404-00087176-00087303 providing such leaders as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00405-00087304-00087511 commander-in-chief george washington and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00406-00087512-00087662 the author of the declaration of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00407-00087663-00087903 independence thomas jefferson
nhBZLJAuS9u-00408-00087904-00088238 in 1780 and 1781 the british largely
nhBZLJAuS9u-00409-00088239-00088462 halted reconquest of the northern states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00410-00088463-00088638 and concentrated on the south where they
nhBZLJAuS9u-00411-00088639-00088815 were told there was a large loyalist
nhBZLJAuS9u-00412-00088816-00089006 population ready to leap to arms once
nhBZLJAuS9u-00413-00089007-00089206 the royal forces arrived
nhBZLJAuS9u-00414-00089207-00089406 the british took control of savannah and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00415-00089407-00089623 charleston capturing a large american
nhBZLJAuS9u-00416-00089624-00089838 army in the process and set up a network
nhBZLJAuS9u-00417-00089839-00090006 of bases inland
nhBZLJAuS9u-00418-00090007-00090191 there were many more loyalists in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00419-00090192-00090335 south than in the north but they were
nhBZLJAuS9u-00420-00090336-00090550 concentrated in larger coastal cities
nhBZLJAuS9u-00421-00090551-00090718 and were not great enough in number to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00422-00090719-00090943 overcome the revolutionaries
nhBZLJAuS9u-00423-00090944-00091143 large numbers of loyalists from south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00424-00091144-00091318 carolina fought for the british in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00425-00091319-00091479 battle of camden
nhBZLJAuS9u-00426-00091480-00091662 the british forces at the battle of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00427-00091663-00091862 monk's corner and the battle of lenade's
nhBZLJAuS9u-00428-00091863-00092094 ferry consisted entirely of loyalists
nhBZLJAuS9u-00429-00092095-00092247 with the exception of the commanding
nhBZLJAuS9u-00430-00092248-00092479 officer bannistere tarleton
nhBZLJAuS9u-00431-00092480-00092687 both white and black loyalists fought
nhBZLJAuS9u-00432-00092688-00092855 for the british at the battle of kemp's
nhBZLJAuS9u-00433-00092856-00093062 landing in virginia led by nathaniel
nhBZLJAuS9u-00434-00093063-00093279 greene and other generals the americans
nhBZLJAuS9u-00435-00093280-00093479 engaged in fabian tactics designed to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00436-00093480-00093679 wear down the british invasion force and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00437-00093680-00093871 to neutralize its strong points one by
nhBZLJAuS9u-00438-00093872-00094135 one there were numerous battles large
nhBZLJAuS9u-00439-00094136-00094318 and small with each side claiming some
nhBZLJAuS9u-00440-00094319-00094438 victories
nhBZLJAuS9u-00441-00094439-00094718 by 1781 however british general
nhBZLJAuS9u-00442-00094719-00094943 cornwallis moved north to virginia where
nhBZLJAuS9u-00443-00094944-00095103 an approaching army forced him to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00444-00095104-00095311 fortify and await rescue by the british
nhBZLJAuS9u-00445-00095312-00095606 navy the british navy did arrive but so
nhBZLJAuS9u-00446-00095607-00095767 did a stronger french fleet and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00447-00095768-00095967 cornwallis was trapped
nhBZLJAuS9u-00448-00095968-00096167 american and french armies led by
nhBZLJAuS9u-00449-00096168-00096350 washington forced cornwallis to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00450-00096351-00096567 surrender his entire army in yorktown
nhBZLJAuS9u-00451-00096568-00096862 virginia in october 1781 effectively
nhBZLJAuS9u-00452-00096863-00097031 winning the north american part of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00453-00097032-00097247 war the revolution provided a shock to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00454-00097248-00097423 slavery in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00455-00097424-00097623 thousands of slaves took advantage of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00456-00097624-00097806 wartime disruption to find their own
nhBZLJAuS9u-00457-00097807-00097974 freedom catalyzed by the british
nhBZLJAuS9u-00458-00097975-00098174 governor dunmore of virginia's promise
nhBZLJAuS9u-00459-00098175-00098367 of freedom for service
nhBZLJAuS9u-00460-00098368-00098559 many others were removed by loyalist
nhBZLJAuS9u-00461-00098560-00098750 owners and became slaves elsewhere in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00462-00098751-00098887 the empire
nhBZLJAuS9u-00463-00098888-00099238 between 1770 and 1790 there was a sharp
nhBZLJAuS9u-00464-00099239-00099455 decline in the percentage of blacks from
nhBZLJAuS9u-00465-00099456-00099847 61 percent to 44 in south carolina and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00466-00099848-00100231 from 45 to 36 in georgia in addition
nhBZLJAuS9u-00467-00100232-00100431 some slaveholders were inspired to free
nhBZLJAuS9u-00468-00100432-00100647 their slaves after the revolution
nhBZLJAuS9u-00469-00100648-00100823 they were moved by the principles of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00470-00100824-00101015 revolution and quaker and methodist
nhBZLJAuS9u-00471-00101016-00101143 preachers worked to encourage
nhBZLJAuS9u-00472-00101144-00101382 slaveholders to free their slaves
nhBZLJAuS9u-00473-00101383-00101599 planters such as george washington often
nhBZLJAuS9u-00474-00101600-00101855 freed slaves by their wills in the upper
nhBZLJAuS9u-00475-00101856-00102062 south more than 10 percent of all blacks
nhBZLJAuS9u-00476-00102063-00102294 were free by 1810 a significant
nhBZLJAuS9u-00477-00102295-00102494 expansion from pre-war proportions of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00478-00102495-00102951 less than 1 percent free
nhBZLJAuS9u-00479-00102952-00103478 topic antebellum years
nhBZLJAuS9u-00480-00103479-00103663 cotton became dominant in the lower
nhBZLJAuS9u-00481-00103664-00103942 south after 1800 after the invention of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00482-00103943-00104158 the cotton gin short staple cotton could
nhBZLJAuS9u-00483-00104159-00104342 be grown more widely
nhBZLJAuS9u-00484-00104343-00104527 this led to an explosion of cotton
nhBZLJAuS9u-00485-00104528-00104742 cultivation especially in the frontier
nhBZLJAuS9u-00486-00104743-00104958 uplands of georgia alabama and other
nhBZLJAuS9u-00487-00104959-00105134 parts of the deep south as well as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00488-00105135-00105319 riverfront areas of the mississippi
nhBZLJAuS9u-00489-00105320-00105423 delta
nhBZLJAuS9u-00490-00105424-00105623 migrants poured into those areas in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00491-00105624-00105854 early decades of the 19th century when
nhBZLJAuS9u-00492-00105855-00106071 county population figures rose and fell
nhBZLJAuS9u-00493-00106072-00106334 as swells of people kept moving west
nhBZLJAuS9u-00494-00106335-00106551 the expansion of cotton cultivation
nhBZLJAuS9u-00495-00106552-00106734 required more slave labor and the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00496-00106735-00106951 institution became even more deeply an
nhBZLJAuS9u-00497-00106952-00107134 integral part of the south's economy
nhBZLJAuS9u-00498-00107135-00107327 with the opening up of frontier lands
nhBZLJAuS9u-00499-00107328-00107510 after the government forced most native
nhBZLJAuS9u-00500-00107511-00107647 americans to move west of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00501-00107648-00107847 mississippi there was a major migration
nhBZLJAuS9u-00502-00107848-00108007 of both whites and blacks to those
nhBZLJAuS9u-00503-00108008-00108143 territories
nhBZLJAuS9u-00504-00108144-00108423 from the 1820s through the 1850s more
nhBZLJAuS9u-00505-00108424-00108631 than one million enslaved africans were
nhBZLJAuS9u-00506-00108632-00108831 transported to the deep south in forced
nhBZLJAuS9u-00507-00108832-00109031 migration two-thirds of them by slave
nhBZLJAuS9u-00508-00109032-00109207 traders and the others by masters who
nhBZLJAuS9u-00509-00109208-00109327 moved there
nhBZLJAuS9u-00510-00109328-00109551 planters in the upper south sold slaves
nhBZLJAuS9u-00511-00109552-00109710 excess to their needs as they shifted
nhBZLJAuS9u-00512-00109711-00109975 from tobacco to mixed agriculture
nhBZLJAuS9u-00513-00109976-00110207 many enslaved families were broken up as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00514-00110208-00110407 planters preferred mostly strong males
nhBZLJAuS9u-00515-00110408-00110566 for field work
nhBZLJAuS9u-00516-00110567-00110790 two major political issues that festered
nhBZLJAuS9u-00517-00110791-00110999 in the first half of the 19th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-00518-00111000-00111175 caused political alignment along
nhBZLJAuS9u-00519-00111176-00111334 sectional lines strengthened the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00520-00111335-00111510 identities of north and south as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00521-00111511-00111702 distinct regions with certain strongly
nhBZLJAuS9u-00522-00111703-00111910 opposed interests and fed the arguments
nhBZLJAuS9u-00523-00111911-00112095 over states rights that culminated in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00524-00112096-00112302 secession and the civil war one of these
nhBZLJAuS9u-00525-00112303-00112495 issues concerned the protective tariffs
nhBZLJAuS9u-00526-00112496-00112647 enacted to assist the growth of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00527-00112648-00112854 manufacturing sector primarily in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00528-00112855-00112958 north
nhBZLJAuS9u-00529-00112959-00113223 in 1832 in resistance to federal
nhBZLJAuS9u-00530-00113224-00113447 legislation increasing tariffs south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00531-00113448-00113615 carolina passed an ordinance of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00532-00113616-00113815 nullification a procedure in which a
nhBZLJAuS9u-00533-00113816-00114023 state would in effect repeal a federal
nhBZLJAuS9u-00534-00114024-00114119 law
nhBZLJAuS9u-00535-00114120-00114302 soon a naval flotilla was sent to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00536-00114303-00114471 charleston harbor and the threat of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00537-00114472-00114671 landing ground troops was used to compel
nhBZLJAuS9u-00538-00114672-00114863 the collection of tariffs
nhBZLJAuS9u-00539-00114864-00115047 a compromise was reached by which the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00540-00115048-00115247 tariffs would be gradually reduced but
nhBZLJAuS9u-00541-00115248-00115431 the underlying argument over states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00542-00115432-00115583 rights continued to escalate in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00543-00115583-00115790 following decades
nhBZLJAuS9u-00544-00115791-00115990 the second issue concerned slavery
nhBZLJAuS9u-00545-00115991-00116151 primarily the question of whether
nhBZLJAuS9u-00546-00116152-00116319 slavery would be permitted in newly
nhBZLJAuS9u-00547-00116320-00116478 admitted states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00548-00116479-00116654 the issue was initially finessed by
nhBZLJAuS9u-00549-00116655-00116839 political compromises designed to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00550-00116840-00117063 balance the number of free
nhBZLJAuS9u-00551-00117064-00117231 and slave
nhBZLJAuS9u-00552-00117232-00117454 states the issue resurfaced in more
nhBZLJAuS9u-00553-00117455-00117671 virulent form however around the time of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00554-00117672-00117871 the mexican-american war which raised
nhBZLJAuS9u-00555-00117872-00118063 the stakes by adding new territories
nhBZLJAuS9u-00556-00118064-00118231 primarily on the southern side of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00557-00118232-00118471 imaginary geographic divide
nhBZLJAuS9u-00558-00118472-00118663 congress opposed allowing slavery in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00559-00118664-00118863 these territories
nhBZLJAuS9u-00560-00118864-00119039 before the civil war the number of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00561-00119040-00119231 immigrants arriving at southern ports
nhBZLJAuS9u-00562-00119232-00119399 began to increase although the north
nhBZLJAuS9u-00563-00119400-00119647 continued to receive the most immigrants
nhBZLJAuS9u-00564-00119648-00119847 huguenots were among the first settlers
nhBZLJAuS9u-00565-00119848-00120031 in charleston along with the largest
nhBZLJAuS9u-00566-00120032-00120247 number of orthodox jews outside of new
nhBZLJAuS9u-00567-00120248-00120383 york city
nhBZLJAuS9u-00568-00120383-00120590 numerous irish immigrants settled in new
nhBZLJAuS9u-00569-00120591-00120814 orleans establishing a distinct ethnic
nhBZLJAuS9u-00570-00120815-00121078 enclave now known as the irish channel
nhBZLJAuS9u-00571-00121079-00121295 germans also went to new orleans and its
nhBZLJAuS9u-00572-00121296-00121534 environs resulting in a large area north
nhBZLJAuS9u-00573-00121535-00121702 of the city along the mississippi
nhBZLJAuS9u-00574-00121703-00121951 becoming known as the german coast
nhBZLJAuS9u-00575-00121952-00122143 still greater numbers immigrated to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00576-00122144-00122447 texas especially after 1848 where many
nhBZLJAuS9u-00577-00122448-00122663 bought land and were farmers
nhBZLJAuS9u-00578-00122664-00122863 many more german immigrants arrived in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00579-00122864-00123054 texas after the civil war where they
nhBZLJAuS9u-00580-00123055-00123254 created the brewing industry in houston
nhBZLJAuS9u-00581-00123255-00123471 and elsewhere became grocers in numerous
nhBZLJAuS9u-00582-00123472-00123695 cities and also established wide areas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00583-00123696-00123847 of farming
nhBZLJAuS9u-00584-00123848-00124119 by 1840 new orleans was the wealthiest
nhBZLJAuS9u-00585-00124120-00124271 city in the country and the third
nhBZLJAuS9u-00586-00124272-00124463 largest in population
nhBZLJAuS9u-00587-00124464-00124663 the success of the city was based on the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00588-00124664-00124871 growth of international trade associated
nhBZLJAuS9u-00589-00124872-00125054 with products being shipped to and from
nhBZLJAuS9u-00590-00125055-00125207 the interior of the country down the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00591-00125208-00125383 mississippi river
nhBZLJAuS9u-00592-00125383-00125599 new orleans also had the largest slave
nhBZLJAuS9u-00593-00125600-00125807 market in the country as traders brought
nhBZLJAuS9u-00594-00125808-00126014 slaves by ship and overland to sell to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00595-00126015-00126278 planters across the deep south the city
nhBZLJAuS9u-00596-00126279-00126502 was a cosmopolitan port with a variety
nhBZLJAuS9u-00597-00126503-00126695 of jobs that attracted more immigrants
nhBZLJAuS9u-00598-00126696-00126919 than other areas of the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00599-00126920-00127127 because of lack of investment however
nhBZLJAuS9u-00600-00127128-00127310 construction of railroads to span the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00601-00127311-00127519 region lagged behind the north
nhBZLJAuS9u-00602-00127520-00127719 people relied most heavily on river
nhBZLJAuS9u-00603-00127720-00127863 traffic for getting their crops to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00604-00127864-00128423 market and for transportation
nhBZLJAuS9u-00605-00128424-00128823 civil war
nhBZLJAuS9u-00606-00128824-00129127 by 1856 the south had lost control of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00607-00129128-00129319 congress and was no longer able to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00608-00129320-00129558 silence calls for an end to slavery
nhBZLJAuS9u-00609-00129559-00129695 which came mostly from the more
nhBZLJAuS9u-00610-00129696-00129934 populated free states of the north
nhBZLJAuS9u-00611-00129935-00130239 the republican party founded in 1854
nhBZLJAuS9u-00612-00130240-00130414 pledged to stop the spread of slavery
nhBZLJAuS9u-00613-00130415-00130583 beyond those states where it already
nhBZLJAuS9u-00614-00130583-00130702 existed
nhBZLJAuS9u-00615-00130703-00130895 after abraham lincoln was elected the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00616-00130896-00131199 first republican president in 1860 seven
nhBZLJAuS9u-00617-00131200-00131390 cotton states declared their secession
nhBZLJAuS9u-00618-00131391-00131551 and formed the confederate states of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00619-00131552-00131831 america before lincoln was inaugurated
nhBZLJAuS9u-00620-00131832-00132014 the united states government both
nhBZLJAuS9u-00621-00132015-00132190 outgoing and incoming refused to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00622-00132191-00132383 recognize the confederacy and when the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00623-00132384-00132566 new confederate president jefferson
nhBZLJAuS9u-00624-00132567-00132790 davis ordered his troops to open fire on
nhBZLJAuS9u-00625-00132791-00133071 fort sumter in april 1861 there was an
nhBZLJAuS9u-00626-00133072-00133287 overwhelming demand north and south for
nhBZLJAuS9u-00627-00133288-00133383 war
nhBZLJAuS9u-00628-00133384-00133583 only the state of kentucky attempted to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00629-00133584-00133775 remain neutral and it could only do so
nhBZLJAuS9u-00630-00133776-00133902 briefly
nhBZLJAuS9u-00631-00133903-00134063 when lincoln called for troops to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00632-00134064-00134247 suppress what he referred to as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00633-00134248-00134439 combinations too powerful to be
nhBZLJAuS9u-00634-00134440-00134654 suppressed by the ordinary
nhBZLJAuS9u-00635-00134655-00134871 judicial or martial means four more
nhBZLJAuS9u-00636-00134872-00135071 states decided to secede and join the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00637-00135072-00135278 confederacy which then moved its capital
nhBZLJAuS9u-00638-00135279-00135463 to richmond virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00639-00135464-00135647 although the confederacy had large
nhBZLJAuS9u-00640-00135648-00135854 supplies of captured munitions and many
nhBZLJAuS9u-00641-00135855-00136071 volunteers it was slower than the union
nhBZLJAuS9u-00642-00136072-00136278 in dealing with the border states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00643-00136279-00136566 by march 1862 the union largely
nhBZLJAuS9u-00644-00136567-00136775 controlled maryland west virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-00645-00136776-00136990 kentucky and missouri had shut down all
nhBZLJAuS9u-00646-00136991-00137183 commercial traffic from all confederate
nhBZLJAuS9u-00647-00137184-00137407 ports had prevented european recognition
nhBZLJAuS9u-00648-00137408-00137575 of the confederate government and was
nhBZLJAuS9u-00649-00137576-00137814 poised to seize new orleans
nhBZLJAuS9u-00650-00137815-00138035 in the four years of war
nhBZLJAuS9u-00651-00138036-00138263 1861-65 the south was the primary
nhBZLJAuS9u-00652-00138264-00138439 battleground with all but two of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00653-00138440-00138647 major battles taking place on southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-00654-00138648-00138759 soil
nhBZLJAuS9u-00655-00138760-00138983 union forces relentlessly squeezed the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00656-00138984-00139175 confederacy controlling the border
nhBZLJAuS9u-00657-00139176-00139463 states in 1861 the tennessee river the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00658-00139464-00139766 cumberland river and new orleans in 1862
nhBZLJAuS9u-00659-00139767-00140095 and the mississippi river in 1863
nhBZLJAuS9u-00660-00140096-00140319 in the east however the confederate army
nhBZLJAuS9u-00661-00140320-00140543 under robert e lee beat off attack after
nhBZLJAuS9u-00662-00140544-00140719 attack in its defence of their capital
nhBZLJAuS9u-00663-00140720-00140839 at richmond
nhBZLJAuS9u-00664-00140840-00141031 but when lee tried to move north he was
nhBZLJAuS9u-00665-00141032-00141214 repulsed and nearly captured at
nhBZLJAuS9u-00666-00141215-00141702 sharpsburg 1862 and gettysburg 1863.
nhBZLJAuS9u-00667-00141703-00141919 the confederacy had the resources for a
nhBZLJAuS9u-00668-00141920-00142135 short war but was unable to finance or
nhBZLJAuS9u-00669-00142136-00142319 supply a longer war
nhBZLJAuS9u-00670-00142320-00142526 it reversed the traditional low tariff
nhBZLJAuS9u-00671-00142527-00142823 policy of the south by imposing a new 15
nhBZLJAuS9u-00672-00142824-00143063 tax on all imports from the union
nhBZLJAuS9u-00673-00143064-00143287 the union blockade stopped most commerce
nhBZLJAuS9u-00674-00143288-00143478 from entering the south and smugglers
nhBZLJAuS9u-00675-00143479-00143663 avoided the tax so the confederate
nhBZLJAuS9u-00676-00143664-00143854 tariff produced too little revenue to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00677-00143855-00144014 finance the war
nhBZLJAuS9u-00678-00144015-00144231 inflated currency was the solution but
nhBZLJAuS9u-00679-00144232-00144407 that created distrust of the richmond
nhBZLJAuS9u-00680-00144408-00144526 government
nhBZLJAuS9u-00681-00144527-00144743 because of low investment in railroads
nhBZLJAuS9u-00682-00144744-00144926 the southern transportation system
nhBZLJAuS9u-00683-00144927-00145151 depended primarily on river and coastal
nhBZLJAuS9u-00684-00145152-00145343 traffic by boat both were shut down by
nhBZLJAuS9u-00685-00145344-00145495 the union navy
nhBZLJAuS9u-00686-00145496-00145695 the small railroad system virtually
nhBZLJAuS9u-00687-00145696-00145959 collapsed so that by 1864 internal
nhBZLJAuS9u-00688-00145960-00146111 travel was so difficult that the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00689-00146112-00146366 confederate economy was crippled
nhBZLJAuS9u-00690-00146367-00146566 the confederate cause was hopeless by
nhBZLJAuS9u-00691-00146567-00146775 the time atlanta fell and william t
nhBZLJAuS9u-00692-00146776-00146971 sherman marched through georgia in late
nhBZLJAuS9u-00693-00146972-00147239 1864 but the rebels fought on refusing
nhBZLJAuS9u-00694-00147240-00147399 to give up their independence until
nhBZLJAuS9u-00695-00147400-00147743 lee's army surrendered in april 1865.
nhBZLJAuS9u-00696-00147744-00147943 all the confederate forces surrendered
nhBZLJAuS9u-00697-00147944-00148063 and the region moved into the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00698-00148064-00148263 reconstruction era
nhBZLJAuS9u-00699-00148264-00148423 the south suffered much more than the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00700-00148424-00148654 north overall as the union strategy of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00701-00148655-00148839 attrition warfare meant that li could
nhBZLJAuS9u-00702-00148840-00149063 not replace his casualties and the total
nhBZLJAuS9u-00703-00149064-00149295 war waged by sherman sheridan and other
nhBZLJAuS9u-00704-00149296-00149454 union armies devastated the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00705-00149455-00149639 infrastructure and caused widespread
nhBZLJAuS9u-00706-00149640-00149831 poverty and distress
nhBZLJAuS9u-00707-00149832-00150071 the confederacy suffered military losses
nhBZLJAuS9u-00708-00150072-00150463 of 95 000 men killed in action and 165
nhBZLJAuS9u-00709-00150464-00150687 000 who died of disease for a total of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00710-00150688-00150959 260 000 out of a total white southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-00711-00150960-00151223 population at the time of around 5.5
nhBZLJAuS9u-00712-00151224-00151326 million
nhBZLJAuS9u-00713-00151327-00151623 based on 1860 census figures 8 percent
nhBZLJAuS9u-00714-00151624-00151919 of all white males aged 13 to 43 died in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00715-00151920-00152143 the war including 6 percent in the north
nhBZLJAuS9u-00716-00152144-00152407 and about 18 percent in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00717-00152408-00152631 northern military casualties exceeded
nhBZLJAuS9u-00718-00152632-00152863 southern casualties in absolute numbers
nhBZLJAuS9u-00719-00152864-00153054 but were two-thirds smaller in terms of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00720-00153055-00153647 proportion of the population affected
nhBZLJAuS9u-00721-00153648-00154151 reconstruction and jim crow
nhBZLJAuS9u-00722-00154152-00154335 after the civil war the south was
nhBZLJAuS9u-00723-00154336-00154551 devastated in terms of population
nhBZLJAuS9u-00724-00154552-00154775 infrastructure and economy
nhBZLJAuS9u-00725-00154776-00154951 because of state's reluctance to grant
nhBZLJAuS9u-00726-00154952-00155143 voting rights to friedman congress
nhBZLJAuS9u-00727-00155144-00155407 instituted reconstruction governments
nhBZLJAuS9u-00728-00155408-00155614 it established military districts and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00729-00155615-00155814 governors to rule over the south until
nhBZLJAuS9u-00730-00155815-00156054 new governments could be established
nhBZLJAuS9u-00731-00156055-00156247 many white southerners who had actively
nhBZLJAuS9u-00732-00156248-00156399 supported the confederacy were
nhBZLJAuS9u-00733-00156400-00156639 temporarily disenfranchised
nhBZLJAuS9u-00734-00156640-00156823 rebuilding was difficult as people
nhBZLJAuS9u-00735-00156824-00157007 grappled with the effects of a new labor
nhBZLJAuS9u-00736-00157008-00157214 economy of a free market in the midst of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00737-00157215-00157478 a widespread agricultural depression
nhBZLJAuS9u-00738-00157479-00157687 in addition what limited infrastructure
nhBZLJAuS9u-00739-00157688-00157871 the south had was mostly destroyed by
nhBZLJAuS9u-00740-00157872-00157990 the war
nhBZLJAuS9u-00741-00157991-00158199 at the same time the north was rapidly
nhBZLJAuS9u-00742-00158200-00158431 industrializing to avoid the social
nhBZLJAuS9u-00743-00158432-00158623 effects of the war most of the southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-00744-00158624-00158895 states initially passed black codes
nhBZLJAuS9u-00745-00158896-00159095 eventually these were mostly legally
nhBZLJAuS9u-00746-00159096-00159254 nullified by federal law and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00747-00159255-00159454 anti-confederate legislatures which
nhBZLJAuS9u-00748-00159455-00159614 existed for a short time during
nhBZLJAuS9u-00749-00159615-00159799 reconstruction there were thousands of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00750-00159800-00160014 people on the move as african americans
nhBZLJAuS9u-00751-00160015-00160231 tried to reunite families separated by
nhBZLJAuS9u-00752-00160232-00160454 slave sales and sometimes migrated for
nhBZLJAuS9u-00753-00160455-00160671 better opportunities in towns or other
nhBZLJAuS9u-00754-00160672-00160790 states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00755-00160791-00161007 other freed people moved from plantation
nhBZLJAuS9u-00756-00161008-00161223 areas to cities or towns for a chance to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00757-00161224-00161407 get different jobs
nhBZLJAuS9u-00758-00161408-00161599 at the same time whites returned from
nhBZLJAuS9u-00759-00161600-00161823 refuges to reclaim plantations or town
nhBZLJAuS9u-00760-00161824-00161951 dwellings
nhBZLJAuS9u-00761-00161952-00162159 in some areas many whites returned to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00762-00162160-00162375 the land to farm for a while
nhBZLJAuS9u-00763-00162376-00162535 some freed people left the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-00764-00162536-00162759 altogether for states such as ohio and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00765-00162760-00163007 indiana and later kansas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00766-00163008-00163199 thousands of others joined the migration
nhBZLJAuS9u-00767-00163200-00163407 to new opportunities in the mississippi
nhBZLJAuS9u-00768-00163408-00163735 and arkansas delta bottomlands and texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00769-00163736-00163943 with passage of the 13th amendment to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00770-00163944-00164151 the constitution of the united states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00771-00164152-00164343 which outlawed slavery the 14th
nhBZLJAuS9u-00772-00164344-00164535 amendment which granted full u.s
nhBZLJAuS9u-00773-00164536-00164743 citizenship to african americans and the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00774-00164744-00164943 15th amendment which extended the right
nhBZLJAuS9u-00775-00164944-00165143 to vote to african american males
nhBZLJAuS9u-00776-00165144-00165343 african americans in the south were made
nhBZLJAuS9u-00777-00165344-00165502 free citizens and were given the right
nhBZLJAuS9u-00778-00165503-00165623 to vote
nhBZLJAuS9u-00779-00165624-00165838 under federal protection white and black
nhBZLJAuS9u-00780-00165839-00166031 republicans formed constitutional
nhBZLJAuS9u-00781-00166032-00166271 conventions and state governments
nhBZLJAuS9u-00782-00166272-00166414 among their accomplishments were
nhBZLJAuS9u-00783-00166415-00166614 creating the first public education
nhBZLJAuS9u-00784-00166615-00166823 systems in southern states and providing
nhBZLJAuS9u-00785-00166824-00167063 for welfare through orphanages hospitals
nhBZLJAuS9u-00786-00167064-00167302 and similar institutions
nhBZLJAuS9u-00787-00167303-00167526 northerners came south to participate in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00788-00167527-00167735 politics and business some were
nhBZLJAuS9u-00789-00167736-00167943 representatives of the freedmen's bureau
nhBZLJAuS9u-00790-00167944-00168143 and other agencies of reconstruction
nhBZLJAuS9u-00791-00168144-00168343 some were humanitarians with the intent
nhBZLJAuS9u-00792-00168344-00168526 to help black people
nhBZLJAuS9u-00793-00168527-00168678 some were adventurers who hoped to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00794-00168679-00168863 benefit themselves by questionable
nhBZLJAuS9u-00795-00168864-00169063 methods they were all condemned with the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00796-00169064-00169302 pejorative term of carpetbagger some
nhBZLJAuS9u-00797-00169303-00169495 southerners also took advantage of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00798-00169496-00169719 disrupted environment and made money off
nhBZLJAuS9u-00799-00169720-00169911 various schemes including bonds and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00800-00169912-00170175 financing for railroads secret vigilante
nhBZLJAuS9u-00801-00170176-00170471 organizations such as the ku klux klan
nhBZLJAuS9u-00802-00170472-00170671 an organization sworn to perpetuate
nhBZLJAuS9u-00803-00170672-00170943 white supremacy had arisen quickly after
nhBZLJAuS9u-00804-00170944-00171166 the war's end and used lynching physical
nhBZLJAuS9u-00805-00171167-00171375 attacks house burnings and other forms
nhBZLJAuS9u-00806-00171376-00171502 of intimidation to keep
nhBZLJAuS9u-00807-00171503-00171702 african-americans from exercising their
nhBZLJAuS9u-00808-00171703-00171863 political rights
nhBZLJAuS9u-00809-00171864-00172071 although the first clan was disrupted by
nhBZLJAuS9u-00810-00172072-00172271 prosecution by the federal government in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00811-00172272-00172607 the early 1870s other groups persisted
nhBZLJAuS9u-00812-00172608-00172838 by the mid to late 1870s elite
nhBZLJAuS9u-00813-00172839-00172999 southerners created increasing
nhBZLJAuS9u-00814-00173000-00173166 resistance to the altered social
nhBZLJAuS9u-00815-00173167-00173287 structure
nhBZLJAuS9u-00816-00173288-00173519 paramilitary organizations such as the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00817-00173520-00173838 white league in louisiana 1874 the red
nhBZLJAuS9u-00818-00173839-00174135 shirts in mississippi 1875 and rifle
nhBZLJAuS9u-00819-00174136-00174375 clubs all white line
nhBZLJAuS9u-00820-00174376-00174614 organizations used organized violence
nhBZLJAuS9u-00821-00174615-00174838 against republicans both black and white
nhBZLJAuS9u-00822-00174839-00175031 to remove republicans from political
nhBZLJAuS9u-00823-00175032-00175263 office repress and bar black voting and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00824-00175264-00175543 restore the democratic party to power
nhBZLJAuS9u-00825-00175544-00175863 in 1876 white democrats regained power
nhBZLJAuS9u-00826-00175864-00176119 in most of the state legislatures
nhBZLJAuS9u-00827-00176120-00176295 they began to pass laws designed to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00828-00176296-00176511 strip african americans and poor whites
nhBZLJAuS9u-00829-00176512-00176766 from the voter registration roles
nhBZLJAuS9u-00830-00176767-00176975 the success of late 19th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-00831-00176976-00177214 interracial coalitions in several states
nhBZLJAuS9u-00832-00177215-00177390 inspired a reaction among some white
nhBZLJAuS9u-00833-00177391-00177583 democrats who worked harder to prevent
nhBZLJAuS9u-00834-00177584-00177759 both groups from voting despite
nhBZLJAuS9u-00835-00177760-00177959 discrimination many blacks became
nhBZLJAuS9u-00836-00177960-00178159 property owners in areas that were still
nhBZLJAuS9u-00837-00178160-00178287 developing
nhBZLJAuS9u-00838-00178288-00178454 for instance 90 percent of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00839-00178455-00178623 mississippi's bottomlands were still
nhBZLJAuS9u-00840-00178624-00178895 frontier and undeveloped after the war
nhBZLJAuS9u-00841-00178896-00179087 by the end of the century two-thirds of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00842-00179088-00179254 the farmers in mississippi's delta
nhBZLJAuS9u-00843-00179255-00179438 bottomlands were black
nhBZLJAuS9u-00844-00179439-00179614 they had cleared the land themselves and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00845-00179615-00179807 often made money in early years by
nhBZLJAuS9u-00846-00179808-00179966 selling off timber
nhBZLJAuS9u-00847-00179967-00180151 tens of thousands of migrants went to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00848-00180152-00180351 the delta both to work as laborers to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00849-00180352-00180535 clear timber for lumber companies and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00850-00180536-00180775 many to develop their own farms
nhBZLJAuS9u-00851-00180776-00180966 nonetheless the long agricultural
nhBZLJAuS9u-00852-00180967-00181199 depression along with disenfranchisement
nhBZLJAuS9u-00853-00181200-00181414 and lack of access to credit led to many
nhBZLJAuS9u-00854-00181415-00181566 blacks in the delta losing their
nhBZLJAuS9u-00855-00181567-00181766 property by 1910 and becoming
nhBZLJAuS9u-00856-00181767-00181966 sharecroppers or landless workers over
nhBZLJAuS9u-00857-00181967-00182143 the following decade
nhBZLJAuS9u-00858-00182144-00182319 more than two generations of free
nhBZLJAuS9u-00859-00182320-00182526 african americans lost their stake in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00860-00182527-00182678 property
nhBZLJAuS9u-00861-00182679-00182895 nearly all southerners black and white
nhBZLJAuS9u-00862-00182896-00183143 suffered as a result of the civil war
nhBZLJAuS9u-00863-00183144-00183359 within a few years cotton production and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00864-00183360-00183583 harvest was back to pre-war levels but
nhBZLJAuS9u-00865-00183584-00183766 low prices through much of the 19th
nhBZLJAuS9u-00866-00183767-00183975 century hampered recovery
nhBZLJAuS9u-00867-00183976-00184190 they encouraged immigration by chinese
nhBZLJAuS9u-00868-00184191-00184343 and italian laborers into the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00869-00184344-00184511 mississippi delta
nhBZLJAuS9u-00870-00184512-00184678 while the first chinese entered as
nhBZLJAuS9u-00871-00184679-00184854 indentured laborers from cuba the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00872-00184855-00185166 majority came in the early 20th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-00873-00185167-00185366 neither group stayed long at rural farm
nhBZLJAuS9u-00874-00185367-00185614 labor the chinese became merchants and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00875-00185615-00185814 established stores in small towns
nhBZLJAuS9u-00876-00185815-00185990 throughout the delta establishing a
nhBZLJAuS9u-00877-00185991-00186214 place between white and black migrations
nhBZLJAuS9u-00878-00186215-00186423 continued in the late 19th and early
nhBZLJAuS9u-00879-00186424-00186623 20th centuries among both blacks and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00880-00186624-00186735 whites
nhBZLJAuS9u-00881-00186736-00186943 in the last two decades of the 19th
nhBZLJAuS9u-00882-00186944-00187278 century about 141 000 blacks left the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00883-00187279-00187526 south and more after 1900 totaling a
nhBZLJAuS9u-00884-00187527-00187814 loss of 537 000
nhBZLJAuS9u-00885-00187815-00187975 after that the movement increased in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00886-00187976-00188175 what became known as the great migration
nhBZLJAuS9u-00887-00188176-00188463 from 1910 to 1940 and the second great
nhBZLJAuS9u-00888-00188464-00188719 migration through 1970.
nhBZLJAuS9u-00889-00188720-00188919 even more whites left the south some
nhBZLJAuS9u-00890-00188920-00189135 going to california for opportunities
nhBZLJAuS9u-00891-00189136-00189263 and others heading to northern
nhBZLJAuS9u-00892-00189264-00189543 industrial cities after 1900.
nhBZLJAuS9u-00893-00189544-00189854 between 1880 and 1910 the loss of whites
nhBZLJAuS9u-00894-00189855-00189978 totaled
nhBZLJAuS9u-00895-00189979-00190199 1243 thousand
nhBZLJAuS9u-00896-00190200-00190471 five million more left between 1940 and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00897-00190472-00190671 1970
nhBZLJAuS9u-00898-00190672-00191014 from 1890 to 1908 10 of the 11 former
nhBZLJAuS9u-00899-00191015-00191223 confederate states along with oklahoma
nhBZLJAuS9u-00900-00191224-00191447 upon statehood passed disfranchising
nhBZLJAuS9u-00901-00191448-00191631 constitutions or amendments that
nhBZLJAuS9u-00902-00191632-00191895 introduced voter registration barriers
nhBZLJAuS9u-00903-00191896-00192087 such as poll taxes residency
nhBZLJAuS9u-00904-00192088-00192326 requirements and literacy tests that
nhBZLJAuS9u-00905-00192327-00192550 were hard for many poor to meet
nhBZLJAuS9u-00906-00192551-00192783 most african americans most mexican
nhBZLJAuS9u-00907-00192784-00192999 americans and tens of thousands of poor
nhBZLJAuS9u-00908-00193000-00193190 whites were disfranchised losing the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00909-00193191-00193359 vote for decades
nhBZLJAuS9u-00910-00193360-00193575 in some states grandfather clauses
nhBZLJAuS9u-00911-00193576-00193766 temporarily exempted white illiterates
nhBZLJAuS9u-00912-00193767-00193950 from literacy tests
nhBZLJAuS9u-00913-00193951-00194102 the numbers of voters dropped
nhBZLJAuS9u-00914-00194103-00194247 drastically throughout the former
nhBZLJAuS9u-00915-00194248-00194463 confederacy as a result
nhBZLJAuS9u-00916-00194464-00194702 this can be seen via the feature turnout
nhBZLJAuS9u-00917-00194703-00195007 in presidential and midterm elections
nhBZLJAuS9u-00918-00195008-00195238 at the university of texas's politics
nhBZLJAuS9u-00919-00195239-00195478 barriers to voting alabama which had
nhBZLJAuS9u-00920-00195479-00195695 established universal white suffrage in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00921-00195696-00195943 1819 when it became a state also
nhBZLJAuS9u-00922-00195944-00196159 substantially reduced voting by poor
nhBZLJAuS9u-00923-00196160-00196390 whites democrat-controlled legislatures
nhBZLJAuS9u-00924-00196391-00196623 passed jim crow laws to segregate public
nhBZLJAuS9u-00925-00196624-00196814 facilities and services including
nhBZLJAuS9u-00926-00196815-00196990 transportation
nhBZLJAuS9u-00927-00196991-00197223 while african-americans poor whites and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00928-00197224-00197423 civil rights groups started litigation
nhBZLJAuS9u-00929-00197424-00197599 against such provisions in the early
nhBZLJAuS9u-00930-00197600-00197838 20th century for decades supreme court
nhBZLJAuS9u-00931-00197839-00198038 decisions overturning such provisions
nhBZLJAuS9u-00932-00198039-00198254 were rapidly followed by new state laws
nhBZLJAuS9u-00933-00198255-00198511 with new devices to restrict voting
nhBZLJAuS9u-00934-00198512-00198743 most blacks in the former confederacy in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00935-00198744-00199054 oklahoma could not vote until 1965 after
nhBZLJAuS9u-00936-00199055-00199231 passage of the voting rights act and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00937-00199232-00199414 federal enforcement to ensure people
nhBZLJAuS9u-00938-00199415-00199566 could register
nhBZLJAuS9u-00939-00199567-00199790 despite increases in the eligible voting
nhBZLJAuS9u-00940-00199791-00199999 population with the inclusion of women
nhBZLJAuS9u-00941-00200000-00200214 blacks and those 18 and over throughout
nhBZLJAuS9u-00942-00200215-00200431 this period turnout in ex-confederate
nhBZLJAuS9u-00943-00200432-00200583 states remained below the national
nhBZLJAuS9u-00944-00200584-00200838 average throughout the 20th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-00945-00200839-00201071 not until the late 1960s did all
nhBZLJAuS9u-00946-00201072-00201302 american citizens regain protected civil
nhBZLJAuS9u-00947-00201303-00201495 rights by passage of legislation
nhBZLJAuS9u-00948-00201496-00201678 following the leadership of the american
nhBZLJAuS9u-00949-00201679-00202183 civil rights movement
nhBZLJAuS9u-00950-00202184-00202450 late 19th and 20th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-00951-00202451-00203023 industrialization and great migration
nhBZLJAuS9u-00952-00203024-00203231 at the end of the 19th century white
nhBZLJAuS9u-00953-00203232-00203454 democrats in the south had created state
nhBZLJAuS9u-00954-00203455-00203638 constitutions that were hostile to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00955-00203639-00203823 industry and business development with
nhBZLJAuS9u-00956-00203824-00204038 anti-industrial laws extensive from the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00957-00204039-00204238 time new constitutions were adopted in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00958-00204239-00204414 the 1890s
nhBZLJAuS9u-00959-00204415-00204631 banking was limited as was access to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00960-00204632-00204894 credit states persisted in agricultural
nhBZLJAuS9u-00961-00204896-00205166 economies especially in alabama and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00962-00205167-00205406 florida rural minorities held control in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00963-00205407-00205623 many state legislatures long after
nhBZLJAuS9u-00964-00205623-00205766 population had shifted to
nhBZLJAuS9u-00965-00205767-00205998 industrializing cities and legislators
nhBZLJAuS9u-00966-00206000-00206190 resisted business and modernizing
nhBZLJAuS9u-00967-00206191-00206423 interests alabama refused to redistrict
nhBZLJAuS9u-00968-00206423-00206790 between 1901 and 1972 long after major
nhBZLJAuS9u-00969-00206791-00207094 population and economic shifts to cities
nhBZLJAuS9u-00970-00207096-00207303 for decades birmingham generated the
nhBZLJAuS9u-00971-00207304-00207503 majority of revenue for the state for
nhBZLJAuS9u-00972-00207504-00207694 instance but received little back in
nhBZLJAuS9u-00973-00207696-00207910 services or infrastructure in the late
nhBZLJAuS9u-00974-00207911-00208190 19th century texas rapidly expanded its
nhBZLJAuS9u-00975-00208191-00208398 railroad network creating a network of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00976-00208400-00208598 cities connected on a radial plan and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00977-00208600-00208775 linked to the port of galveston it was
nhBZLJAuS9u-00978-00208776-00208942 the first state in which urban and
nhBZLJAuS9u-00979-00208944-00209119 economic development proceeded
nhBZLJAuS9u-00980-00209119-00209319 independently of rivers the primary
nhBZLJAuS9u-00981-00209319-00209575 transportation network of the past
nhBZLJAuS9u-00982-00209576-00209798 a reflection of increasing industry were
nhBZLJAuS9u-00983-00209800-00210158 strikes and labor unrest in 1885 texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-00984-00210159-00210423 ranked 9th among 40 states in number of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00985-00210423-00210703 workers involved in strikes 4 000 for
nhBZLJAuS9u-00986-00210704-00211031 the six-year period it ranked 15th
nhBZLJAuS9u-00987-00211032-00211382 75 of the 100 strikes chiefly interstate
nhBZLJAuS9u-00988-00211383-00211591 strikes of telegraphers and railway
nhBZLJAuS9u-00989-00211592-00211967 workers occurred in the year 1886
nhBZLJAuS9u-00990-00211967-00212246 by 1890 dallas became the largest city
nhBZLJAuS9u-00991-00212248-00212542 in texas and by 1900 it had a population
nhBZLJAuS9u-00992-00212544-00212758 of more than 42 000 which more than
nhBZLJAuS9u-00993-00212759-00213087 doubled to over 92 000 a decade later
nhBZLJAuS9u-00994-00213088-00213303 dallas was the harness-making capital of
nhBZLJAuS9u-00995-00213304-00213446 the world and a center of other
nhBZLJAuS9u-00996-00213448-00213598 manufacturing
nhBZLJAuS9u-00997-00213600-00213894 as an example of its ambitions in 1907
nhBZLJAuS9u-00998-00213896-00214142 dallas built the praetorian building 15
nhBZLJAuS9u-00999-00214144-00214342 stories tall and the first skyscraper
nhBZLJAuS9u-01000-00214344-00214519 west of the mississippi soon to be
nhBZLJAuS9u-01001-00214519-00214751 followed by other skyscrapers
nhBZLJAuS9u-01002-00214752-00214958 texas was transformed by a railroad
nhBZLJAuS9u-01003-00214959-00215167 network linking five important cities
nhBZLJAuS9u-01004-00215167-00215375 among them houston with its nearby port
nhBZLJAuS9u-01005-00215376-00215615 at galveston dallas fort worth san
nhBZLJAuS9u-01006-00215616-00215839 antonio and el paso
nhBZLJAuS9u-01007-00215840-00216103 each exceeded 50 000 in population by
nhBZLJAuS9u-01008-00216104-00216367 1920. with the major cities having three
nhBZLJAuS9u-01009-00216367-00216582 times that population business interests
nhBZLJAuS9u-01010-00216583-00216758 were ignored by the southern democrat
nhBZLJAuS9u-01011-00216759-00216910 ruling class
nhBZLJAuS9u-01012-00216911-00217151 nonetheless major new industries started
nhBZLJAuS9u-01013-00217152-00217342 developing in cities such as atlanta
nhBZLJAuS9u-01014-00217344-00217582 georgia birmingham alabama and dallas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01015-00217583-00217823 fort worth and houston texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01016-00217823-00218023 growth began occurring at a geometric
nhBZLJAuS9u-01017-00218023-00218263 rate birmingham became a major steel
nhBZLJAuS9u-01018-00218264-00218463 producer and mining town with major
nhBZLJAuS9u-01019-00218464-00218671 population growth in the early decades
nhBZLJAuS9u-01020-00218671-00218894 of the 20th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-01021-00218896-00219110 the first major oil well in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01022-00219111-00219310 was drilled at spindletop near beaumont
nhBZLJAuS9u-01023-00219311-00219694 texas on the morning of january 10 1901.
nhBZLJAuS9u-01024-00219696-00219894 other oil fields were later discovered
nhBZLJAuS9u-01025-00219896-00220142 nearby in arkansas oklahoma and under
nhBZLJAuS9u-01026-00220144-00220319 the gulf of mexico
nhBZLJAuS9u-01027-00220319-00220558 the resulting oil boom
nhBZLJAuS9u-01028-00220559-00220758 permanently transformed the economy of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01029-00220759-00220934 the west south central states and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01030-00220935-00221142 produced the most significant economic
nhBZLJAuS9u-01031-00221144-00221471 expansion after the civil war
nhBZLJAuS9u-01032-00221471-00221710 in the early 20th century invasion of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01033-00221711-00221934 the bull weevil devastated cotton crops
nhBZLJAuS9u-01034-00221935-00222119 in the south producing an additional
nhBZLJAuS9u-01035-00222119-00222334 catalyst to african americans decisions
nhBZLJAuS9u-01036-00222335-00222487 to leave the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01037-00222488-00222758 from 1910 to 1940 and then from the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01038-00222759-00223151 1940s to 1970 more than 6.5 million
nhBZLJAuS9u-01039-00223152-00223358 african americans left the south in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01040-00223359-00223510 great migration to northern and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01041-00223511-00223694 midwestern cities defecting from
nhBZLJAuS9u-01042-00223696-00223958 persistent lynching violence segregation
nhBZLJAuS9u-01043-00223959-00224246 poor education and inability to vote
nhBZLJAuS9u-01044-00224248-00224439 black migration transformed many
nhBZLJAuS9u-01045-00224440-00224646 northern cities creating new cultures
nhBZLJAuS9u-01046-00224648-00224775 and music
nhBZLJAuS9u-01047-00224776-00225015 many african americans like other groups
nhBZLJAuS9u-01048-00225016-00225239 became industrial workers others started
nhBZLJAuS9u-01049-00225240-00225367 their own businesses within the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01050-00225367-00225510 communities
nhBZLJAuS9u-01051-00225511-00225687 southern whites also migrated to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01052-00225688-00225942 industrial cities especially chicago and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01053-00225944-00226127 detroit where they took jobs in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01054-00226128-00226375 booming new auto industry
nhBZLJAuS9u-01055-00226376-00226575 later the southern economy was dealt
nhBZLJAuS9u-01056-00226576-00226767 additional blows by the great depression
nhBZLJAuS9u-01057-00226767-00226927 and the dust bowl
nhBZLJAuS9u-01058-00226928-00227215 after the wall street crash of 1929 the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01059-00227216-00227439 economy suffered significant reversals
nhBZLJAuS9u-01060-00227440-00227671 and millions were left unemployed
nhBZLJAuS9u-01061-00227671-00228039 beginning in 1934 and lasting until 1939
nhBZLJAuS9u-01062-00228040-00228271 an ecological disaster of severe wind
nhBZLJAuS9u-01063-00228271-00228487 and drought caused an exodus from texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01064-00228488-00228703 and arkansas the oklahoma panhandle
nhBZLJAuS9u-01065-00228704-00228887 region and the surrounding plains in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01066-00228888-00229119 which over 500 000 americans were
nhBZLJAuS9u-01067-00229119-00229367 homeless hungry and jobless
nhBZLJAuS9u-01068-00229367-00229551 thousands left the region forever to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01069-00229552-00229742 seek economic opportunities along the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01070-00229744-00229927 west coast
nhBZLJAuS9u-01071-00229928-00230158 president franklin d roosevelt noted the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01072-00230159-00230455 south as the number one priority
nhBZLJAuS9u-01073-00230456-00230631 in terms of need of assistance during
nhBZLJAuS9u-01074-00230632-00230863 the great depression his administration
nhBZLJAuS9u-01075-00230864-00231079 created programs such as the tennessee
nhBZLJAuS9u-01076-00231080-00231342 valley authority in 1933 to provide
nhBZLJAuS9u-01077-00231344-00231542 rural electrification and stimulate
nhBZLJAuS9u-01078-00231544-00231671 development
nhBZLJAuS9u-01079-00231671-00231903 locked into low productivity agriculture
nhBZLJAuS9u-01080-00231904-00232071 the region's growth was slowed by
nhBZLJAuS9u-01081-00232071-00232263 limited industrial development low
nhBZLJAuS9u-01082-00232264-00232446 levels of entrepreneurship and the lack
nhBZLJAuS9u-01083-00232448-00232663 of capital investment
nhBZLJAuS9u-01084-00232664-00232887 world war ii marked a time of change in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01085-00232888-00233103 the south as new industries and military
nhBZLJAuS9u-01086-00233104-00233279 bases were developed by the federal
nhBZLJAuS9u-01087-00233280-00233455 government providing badly needed
nhBZLJAuS9u-01088-00233456-00233639 capital and infrastructure in many
nhBZLJAuS9u-01089-00233640-00233767 regions
nhBZLJAuS9u-01090-00233767-00233967 people from all parts of the u.s came to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01091-00233967-00234175 the south for military training and work
nhBZLJAuS9u-01092-00234176-00234351 in the region's many bases and new
nhBZLJAuS9u-01093-00234352-00234487 industries
nhBZLJAuS9u-01094-00234488-00234703 farming shifted from cotton and tobacco
nhBZLJAuS9u-01095-00234704-00235055 to include soybeans corn and other foods
nhBZLJAuS9u-01096-00235056-00235334 industrial growth increased in the 1960s
nhBZLJAuS9u-01097-00235335-00235575 and greatly accelerated into the 1980s
nhBZLJAuS9u-01098-00235576-00235758 and 1990s
nhBZLJAuS9u-01099-00235759-00235991 several large urban areas in texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01100-00235992-00236206 georgia and florida grew to over 4
nhBZLJAuS9u-01101-00236207-00236351 million people
nhBZLJAuS9u-01102-00236352-00236575 rapid expansion in industries such as
nhBZLJAuS9u-01103-00236576-00236855 autos telecommunications textiles
nhBZLJAuS9u-01104-00236856-00237094 technology banking and aviation gave
nhBZLJAuS9u-01105-00237096-00237279 some states in the south and industrial
nhBZLJAuS9u-01106-00237280-00237479 strength to rival large states elsewhere
nhBZLJAuS9u-01107-00237480-00237615 in the country
nhBZLJAuS9u-01108-00237616-00237863 by the 2000 census the south along with
nhBZLJAuS9u-01109-00237864-00238023 the west was leading the nation in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01110-00238023-00238279 population growth with this growth
nhBZLJAuS9u-01111-00238280-00238494 however has come long commute times and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01112-00238496-00238710 air pollution problems in cities such as
nhBZLJAuS9u-01113-00238711-00239006 dallas houston atlanta austin charlotte
nhBZLJAuS9u-01114-00239007-00239167 and others that rely on sprawling
nhBZLJAuS9u-01115-00239167-00239758 development and highway networks
nhBZLJAuS9u-01116-00239759-00240239 modern economy
nhBZLJAuS9u-01117-00240240-00240446 in the late 20th century the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01118-00240448-00240679 changed dramatically it saw a boom in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01119-00240680-00240934 its service economy manufacturing base
nhBZLJAuS9u-01120-00240935-00241119 high technology industries and the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01121-00241119-00241294 financial sector
nhBZLJAuS9u-01122-00241296-00241510 texas in particular witnessed dramatic
nhBZLJAuS9u-01123-00241511-00241703 growth and population change with the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01124-00241704-00241887 dominance of the energy industry and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01125-00241888-00242110 tourism such as the alamo mission in san
nhBZLJAuS9u-01126-00242111-00242246 antonio
nhBZLJAuS9u-01127-00242248-00242455 tourism in florida and along the gulf
nhBZLJAuS9u-01128-00242456-00242639 coast also grew steadily throughout the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01129-00242640-00242919 last decades of the 20th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-01130-00242919-00243119 numerous new automobile production
nhBZLJAuS9u-01131-00243119-00243303 plants have opened in the region or are
nhBZLJAuS9u-01132-00243304-00243527 soon to open such as mercedes-benz in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01133-00243528-00243782 tuscaloosa alabama hyundai in montgomery
nhBZLJAuS9u-01134-00243783-00244046 alabama the bmw production plant in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01135-00244048-00244310 spartanburg south carolina toyota plants
nhBZLJAuS9u-01136-00244311-00244534 in georgetown kentucky blue springs
nhBZLJAuS9u-01137-00244535-00244791 mississippi and san antonio the gm
nhBZLJAuS9u-01138-00244792-00245006 manufacturing plant in spring hill
nhBZLJAuS9u-01139-00245007-00245239 tennessee a honda factory in lincoln
nhBZLJAuS9u-01140-00245240-00245455 alabama the nissan north american
nhBZLJAuS9u-01141-00245456-00245663 headquarters in franklin tennessee and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01142-00245664-00245903 factories in smyrna tennessee and canton
nhBZLJAuS9u-01143-00245904-00246158 mississippi a kia factory in west point
nhBZLJAuS9u-01144-00246159-00246367 georgia and the volkswagen chattanooga
nhBZLJAuS9u-01145-00246367-00246575 assembly plant in tennessee
nhBZLJAuS9u-01146-00246576-00246782 the two largest research parks in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01147-00246783-00246958 country are located in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01148-00246959-00247206 research triangle park in north carolina
nhBZLJAuS9u-01149-00247207-00247375 the world's largest and the cummings
nhBZLJAuS9u-01150-00247376-00247591 research park in huntsville alabama the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01151-00247592-00247782 world's fourth largest
nhBZLJAuS9u-01152-00247783-00248023 in medicine the texas medical center in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01153-00248023-00248206 houston has achieved international
nhBZLJAuS9u-01154-00248207-00248439 recognition in education research and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01155-00248440-00248655 patient care especially in the fields of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01156-00248656-00248967 heart disease cancer and rehabilitation
nhBZLJAuS9u-01157-00248967-00249271 in 1994 the texas medical center was the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01158-00249271-00249463 largest medical center in the world
nhBZLJAuS9u-01159-00249464-00249694 including 14 hospitals two medical
nhBZLJAuS9u-01160-00249696-00249951 schools four colleges of nursing and six
nhBZLJAuS9u-01161-00249952-00250134 university systems
nhBZLJAuS9u-01162-00250135-00250423 the university of texas md anderson
nhBZLJAuS9u-01163-00250423-00250623 cancer center is consistently ranked the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01164-00250623-00250839 number one cancer research and treatment
nhBZLJAuS9u-01165-00250840-00251063 center in the united states many major
nhBZLJAuS9u-01166-00251064-00251263 banking corporations have headquarters
nhBZLJAuS9u-01167-00251264-00251391 in the region
nhBZLJAuS9u-01168-00251392-00251582 bank of america is in charlotte north
nhBZLJAuS9u-01169-00251583-00251830 carolina wachovia was headquartered
nhBZLJAuS9u-01170-00251831-00252079 there before its purchase by wells fargo
nhBZLJAuS9u-01171-00252080-00252294 region's financial corporation is in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01172-00252296-00252479 birmingham as as amsouth band
nhBZLJAuS9u-01173-00252480-00252751 corporation and bbva compass
nhBZLJAuS9u-01174-00252752-00252998 suntrust banks is located in atlanta as
nhBZLJAuS9u-01175-00253000-00253151 is the district headquarters of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01176-00253152-00253398 federal reserve bank of atlanta
nhBZLJAuS9u-01177-00253400-00253582 bb and t is headquartered in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01178-00253583-00253823 winston-salem many corporations are
nhBZLJAuS9u-01179-00253823-00253982 headquartered in atlanta and its
nhBZLJAuS9u-01180-00253983-00254215 surrounding area such as the coca-cola
nhBZLJAuS9u-01181-00254216-00254423 company delta airlines and the home
nhBZLJAuS9u-01182-00254423-00254663 depot and also to many cable television
nhBZLJAuS9u-01183-00254664-00254887 networks such as the turner broadcasting
nhBZLJAuS9u-01184-00254888-00255358 system cnn tbs tnt turner south cartoon
nhBZLJAuS9u-01185-00255359-00255582 network and the weather channel
nhBZLJAuS9u-01186-00255583-00255775 in recent years some southern states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01187-00255776-00255998 most notably texas have lured companies
nhBZLJAuS9u-01188-00256000-00256223 with lower tax burdens and lower cost of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01189-00256223-00256487 living for their workforce today the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01190-00256488-00256687 states with the most fortune 500
nhBZLJAuS9u-01191-00256688-00256919 companies include california new york
nhBZLJAuS9u-01192-00256919-00257151 and texas closely mirroring the economic
nhBZLJAuS9u-01193-00257152-00257382 and population resources of those states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01194-00257383-00257582 this economic expansion has enabled
nhBZLJAuS9u-01195-00257583-00257758 parts of the south to report some of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01196-00257759-00257958 lowest unemployment rates in the united
nhBZLJAuS9u-01197-00257959-00258071 states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01198-00258071-00258294 but in the u.s top 10 of poorest big
nhBZLJAuS9u-01199-00258296-00258494 cities the south is represented in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01200-00258496-00258751 rankings by two cities miami florida and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01201-00258752-00258919 memphis tennessee
nhBZLJAuS9u-01202-00258919-00259175 in 2011 nine out of ten poorest states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01203-00259176-00259327 were in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01204-00259328-00259575 topic education southern public schools
nhBZLJAuS9u-01205-00259576-00259758 in the past ranked in the lower half of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01206-00259759-00259958 some national surveys
nhBZLJAuS9u-01207-00259959-00260167 when allowance for race is considered a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01208-00260167-00260471 2007 u.s government list of test scores
nhBZLJAuS9u-01209-00260471-00260687 often shows white 4th and 8th graders
nhBZLJAuS9u-01210-00260688-00260846 performing better than average for
nhBZLJAuS9u-01211-00260848-00261063 reading and math while black 4th and 8th
nhBZLJAuS9u-01212-00261064-00261239 graders also performed better than
nhBZLJAuS9u-01213-00261240-00261351 average
nhBZLJAuS9u-01214-00261352-00261551 this comparison does not hold across the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01215-00261552-00261782 board mississippi scores lower than
nhBZLJAuS9u-01216-00261783-00261982 average no matter how the statistics are
nhBZLJAuS9u-01217-00261983-00262103 compared
nhBZLJAuS9u-01218-00262104-00262334 newer data suggests that education in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01219-00262335-00262543 the south is on par with the nation with
nhBZLJAuS9u-01220-00262544-00262791 72 percent of high schoolers graduating
nhBZLJAuS9u-01221-00262792-00263095 compared to 73 nationwide
nhBZLJAuS9u-01222-00263096-00263303 topic culture several southern states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01223-00263304-00263575 maryland virginia north carolina south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01224-00263576-00263767 carolina and georgia were british
nhBZLJAuS9u-01225-00263768-00263958 colonies that sent delegates to sign the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01226-00263959-00264143 declaration of independence and then
nhBZLJAuS9u-01227-00264144-00264295 fought against the government along with
nhBZLJAuS9u-01228-00264296-00264430 the northern colonies during the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01229-00264431-00264615 revolutionary war
nhBZLJAuS9u-01230-00264616-00264799 the basis for much southern culture
nhBZLJAuS9u-01231-00264800-00264982 derives from the pride in these states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01232-00264983-00265215 being among the 13 original colonies and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01233-00265216-00265334 from the fact that much of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01234-00265335-00265519 population of the south has strong
nhBZLJAuS9u-01235-00265520-00265695 ancestral links to colonists who
nhBZLJAuS9u-01236-00265696-00265871 emigrated west
nhBZLJAuS9u-01237-00265872-00266071 southern manners and customs reflect the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01238-00266072-00266263 relationship with england and africa
nhBZLJAuS9u-01239-00266264-00266455 that was held by the early population
nhBZLJAuS9u-01240-00266456-00266655 with some influences being provided by
nhBZLJAuS9u-01241-00266656-00266855 the native american populations of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01242-00266856-00267063 area overall the south has had lower
nhBZLJAuS9u-01243-00267064-00267271 percentages of high school graduates
nhBZLJAuS9u-01244-00267272-00267487 lower housing values lower household
nhBZLJAuS9u-01245-00267488-00267679 incomes and lower cost of living than
nhBZLJAuS9u-01246-00267680-00267895 the rest of the united states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01247-00267896-00268079 these factors combined with the fact
nhBZLJAuS9u-01248-00268080-00268230 that southerners have continued to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01249-00268231-00268471 maintain strong loyalty to family ties
nhBZLJAuS9u-01250-00268472-00268703 has led some sociologists to label white
nhBZLJAuS9u-01251-00268704-00268919 southerners an ethnic or quasi-ethnic
nhBZLJAuS9u-01252-00268920-00269087 group though this interpretation has
nhBZLJAuS9u-01253-00269088-00269295 been subject to criticism on the grounds
nhBZLJAuS9u-01254-00269296-00269463 that proponents of the view do not
nhBZLJAuS9u-01255-00269464-00269671 satisfactorily indicate how southerners
nhBZLJAuS9u-01256-00269672-00269863 meet the criteria of ethnicity the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01257-00269864-00270063 predominant culture of the south has its
nhBZLJAuS9u-01258-00270064-00270206 origins with the settlement of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01259-00270207-00270391 region by large groups of northern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01260-00270392-00270599 english scots lowlanders and ulster
nhBZLJAuS9u-01261-00270600-00270806 scots later called the scotch-irish who
nhBZLJAuS9u-01262-00270807-00271006 settled in appalachia and the piedmont
nhBZLJAuS9u-01263-00271007-00271215 in the 18th century and from parts of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01264-00271216-00271415 southern england such as east anglia
nhBZLJAuS9u-01265-00271416-00271623 kent and the west country in the 17th
nhBZLJAuS9u-01266-00271624-00271830 century and the many african slaves who
nhBZLJAuS9u-01267-00271831-00272071 were part of the southern economy
nhBZLJAuS9u-01268-00272072-00272247 african american descendants of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01269-00272248-00272439 slaves brought into the south compose
nhBZLJAuS9u-01270-00272440-00272655 the united states second largest racial
nhBZLJAuS9u-01271-00272656-00272934 minority accounting for 12.1 percent of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01272-00272935-00273119 the total population according to the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01273-00273120-00273303 2000 census
nhBZLJAuS9u-01274-00273304-00273503 despite jim crow era outflow to the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01275-00273504-00273663 north the majority of the black
nhBZLJAuS9u-01276-00273664-00273879 population remains concentrated in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01277-00273880-00274039 southern states and has heavily
nhBZLJAuS9u-01278-00274040-00274215 contributed to the cultural blend
nhBZLJAuS9u-01279-00274216-00274495 christianity foods art music see
nhBZLJAuS9u-01280-00274496-00274751 spiritual blues jazz and rock and roll
nhBZLJAuS9u-01281-00274752-00275055 that characterize southern culture today
nhBZLJAuS9u-01282-00275056-00275255 in previous censuses the largest
nhBZLJAuS9u-01283-00275256-00275487 ancestry group identified by southerners
nhBZLJAuS9u-01284-00275488-00275671 was english or mostly english with
nhBZLJAuS9u-01285-00275672-00276023 19618307
nhBZLJAuS9u-01286-00276024-00276351 self-reporting english as an ancestry on
nhBZLJAuS9u-01287-00276352-00276795 the 1980 census followed by
nhBZLJAuS9u-01288-00276796-00277458 12709872 listing irish and 1154120
nhBZLJAuS9u-01289-00277459-00277623 afro-american
nhBZLJAuS9u-01290-00277624-00277815 almost a third of all americans who
nhBZLJAuS9u-01291-00277816-00278015 claim english ancestry can be found in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01292-00278016-00278223 the american south and over a quarter of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01293-00278224-00278415 all southerners claim english descent as
nhBZLJAuS9u-01294-00278416-00278510 well
nhBZLJAuS9u-01295-00278511-00278687 the south also continues to have the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01296-00278688-00278910 highest percentage of african americans
nhBZLJAuS9u-01297-00278911-00279079 in the country due to the history of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01298-00279080-00279527 slavery
nhBZLJAuS9u-01299-00279528-00279919 religion
nhBZLJAuS9u-01300-00279920-00280103 the south has had a majority of its
nhBZLJAuS9u-01301-00280104-00280319 population adhering to evangelical
nhBZLJAuS9u-01302-00280320-00280510 protestantism ever since the second
nhBZLJAuS9u-01303-00280511-00280671 great awakening although the upper
nhBZLJAuS9u-01304-00280672-00280839 classes often stayed anglican
nhBZLJAuS9u-01305-00280840-00281095 episcopalian or presbyterian
nhBZLJAuS9u-01306-00281096-00281295 the first great awakening and the second
nhBZLJAuS9u-01307-00281296-00281582 great awakening from about 1742 about
nhBZLJAuS9u-01308-00281583-00281830 1850 generated large numbers of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01309-00281831-00282039 methodists and baptists which remain the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01310-00282040-00282223 two main christian confessions in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01311-00282224-00282319 south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01312-00282320-00282591 by 1900 the southern baptist convention
nhBZLJAuS9u-01313-00282592-00282758 had become the largest protestant
nhBZLJAuS9u-01314-00282759-00282967 denomination in the whole united states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01315-00282968-00283143 with its membership concentrated in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01316-00283144-00283351 rural areas of the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01317-00283352-00283551 baptists are the most common religious
nhBZLJAuS9u-01318-00283552-00283703 group followed by methodists
nhBZLJAuS9u-01319-00283704-00283982 pentecostals and other denominations
nhBZLJAuS9u-01320-00283983-00284175 roman catholics historically were
nhBZLJAuS9u-01321-00284176-00284415 concentrated in maryland louisiana and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01322-00284416-00284647 hispanic areas such as south texas and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01323-00284648-00284919 south florida and along the gulf coast
nhBZLJAuS9u-01324-00284920-00285119 the great majority of black southerners
nhBZLJAuS9u-01325-00285120-00285319 are either baptist or methodist
nhBZLJAuS9u-01326-00285320-00285510 statistics show that southern states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01327-00285511-00285687 have the highest religious attendance
nhBZLJAuS9u-01328-00285688-00285871 figures of any region in the united
nhBZLJAuS9u-01329-00285872-00286095 states constituting the so-called bible
nhBZLJAuS9u-01330-00286096-00286203 belt
nhBZLJAuS9u-01331-00286204-00286423 pentecostalism has been strong across
nhBZLJAuS9u-01332-00286424-00287151 the south since the late 19th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-01333-00287152-00287575 sports
nhBZLJAuS9u-01334-00287576-00288103 topic american football
nhBZLJAuS9u-01335-00288104-00288319 american football especially at the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01336-00288320-00288534 college and high school level is by far
nhBZLJAuS9u-01337-00288535-00288734 the most popular team sport in most
nhBZLJAuS9u-01338-00288735-00289015 areas of the southern united states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01339-00289016-00289247 the region is home to numerous decorated
nhBZLJAuS9u-01340-00289248-00289471 and historic college football programs
nhBZLJAuS9u-01341-00289472-00289639 particularly in the southeastern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01342-00289640-00289934 conference known as the sec
nhBZLJAuS9u-01343-00289935-00290171 atlantic coast conference known as the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01344-00290172-00290327 acc
nhBZLJAuS9u-01345-00290328-00290615 and the big 12 conference the sec
nhBZLJAuS9u-01346-00290616-00290830 consisting entirely of teams based in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01347-00290831-00291039 southern states is widely considered to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01348-00291040-00291239 be the strongest league in contemporary
nhBZLJAuS9u-01349-00291240-00291406 college football and includes the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01350-00291407-00291630 alabama crimson tide the program with
nhBZLJAuS9u-01351-00291631-00291806 the most national championships in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01352-00291807-00291958 sports history
nhBZLJAuS9u-01353-00291959-00292182 the sport is also highly competitive and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01354-00292183-00292367 has a spectator following at the high
nhBZLJAuS9u-01355-00292368-00292606 school level particularly in rural areas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01356-00292607-00292806 where high school football games often
nhBZLJAuS9u-01357-00292807-00293095 serve as prominent community gatherings
nhBZLJAuS9u-01358-00293096-00293310 though not as popular on a wider basis
nhBZLJAuS9u-01359-00293311-00293487 as the collegiate game professional
nhBZLJAuS9u-01360-00293488-00293710 football also has a growing tradition in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01361-00293711-00293927 the southern united states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01362-00293928-00294119 before league expansion began in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01363-00294120-00294399 1960s the only established professional
nhBZLJAuS9u-01364-00294400-00294558 team based in the south was the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01365-00294559-00294767 washington redskins who still retain a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01366-00294768-00294958 large following in many pockets of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01367-00294959-00295071 region
nhBZLJAuS9u-01368-00295072-00295263 later on the merger-era national
nhBZLJAuS9u-01369-00295264-00295479 football league began to expand into the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01370-00295480-00295758 football crazed deep south in the 1960s
nhBZLJAuS9u-01371-00295759-00295991 with franchises like the atlanta falcons
nhBZLJAuS9u-01372-00295992-00296247 new orleans saints houston oilers miami
nhBZLJAuS9u-01373-00296248-00296463 dolphins and most prominently the dallas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01374-00296464-00296671 cowboys who overtook washington as the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01375-00296672-00296830 region's most popular team and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01376-00296831-00297023 eventually became widely considered the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01377-00297024-00297310 most popular team in the united states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01378-00297311-00297575 in later decades nfl expansion into
nhBZLJAuS9u-01379-00297576-00297775 southern states continued with the tampa
nhBZLJAuS9u-01380-00297776-00298023 bay buccaneers jacksonville jaguars and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01381-00298024-00298215 carolina panthers added to the league
nhBZLJAuS9u-01382-00298216-00298391 while the houston oilers were replaced
nhBZLJAuS9u-01383-00298392-00298599 by the houston texans after the oilers
nhBZLJAuS9u-01384-00298600-00298791 relocated to nashville to become the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01385-00298792-00299279 tennessee titans
nhBZLJAuS9u-01386-00299280-00299695 baseball
nhBZLJAuS9u-01387-00299696-00299879 baseball has been played in the southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01388-00299880-00300071 united states since at least the years
nhBZLJAuS9u-01389-00300072-00300327 leading up to the american civil war
nhBZLJAuS9u-01390-00300328-00300519 it was traditionally more popular than
nhBZLJAuS9u-01391-00300520-00300767 american football until the 1980s and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01392-00300768-00300951 still accounts for the largest annual
nhBZLJAuS9u-01393-00300952-00301134 attendance amongst sports played in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01394-00301135-00301399 south the first mention of a baseball
nhBZLJAuS9u-01395-00301400-00301782 team in houston was on april 11 1861.
nhBZLJAuS9u-01396-00301783-00302039 19th century and early 20th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-01397-00302040-00302239 games were common especially once the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01398-00302240-00302439 professional leagues such as the texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01399-00302440-00302615 league the dixie league and the southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01400-00302616-00302806 league were organized
nhBZLJAuS9u-01401-00302807-00302991 the short-lived louisville colonels were
nhBZLJAuS9u-01402-00302992-00303167 a part of the early national league and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01403-00303168-00303406 american association but ceased to exist
nhBZLJAuS9u-01404-00303407-00303591 in 1899.
nhBZLJAuS9u-01405-00303592-00303799 the first southern major league baseball
nhBZLJAuS9u-01406-00303800-00304095 team after the colonels appeared in 1962
nhBZLJAuS9u-01407-00304096-00304343 when the houston cult 45s known today as
nhBZLJAuS9u-01408-00304344-00304623 the houston astros were enfranchised
nhBZLJAuS9u-01409-00304624-00304943 later the atlanta braves came in 1966
nhBZLJAuS9u-01410-00304944-00305239 followed by the texas rangers in 1972
nhBZLJAuS9u-01411-00305240-00305454 and finally the miami marlins and tampa
nhBZLJAuS9u-01412-00305455-00305734 bay rays in the 1990s
nhBZLJAuS9u-01413-00305735-00305958 college baseball appears to be more well
nhBZLJAuS9u-01414-00305959-00306127 attended in the southern u.s than
nhBZLJAuS9u-01415-00306128-00306343 elsewhere as teams like florida state
nhBZLJAuS9u-01416-00306344-00306679 arkansas lsu virginia mississippi state
nhBZLJAuS9u-01417-00306680-00306927 ole miss south carolina and texas are
nhBZLJAuS9u-01418-00306928-00307110 commonly at the top of the ncaa's
nhBZLJAuS9u-01419-00307111-00307230 attendance
nhBZLJAuS9u-01420-00307231-00307430 the south generally produces very
nhBZLJAuS9u-01421-00307431-00307647 successful collegiate baseball teams as
nhBZLJAuS9u-01422-00307648-00307943 well with virginia vanderbilt lsu and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01423-00307944-00308151 south carolina winning recent college
nhBZLJAuS9u-01424-00308152-00308375 world series titles
nhBZLJAuS9u-01425-00308376-00308582 the following is a list of best attended
nhBZLJAuS9u-01426-00308583-00309215 baseball teams in the southern u.s
nhBZLJAuS9u-01427-00309216-00309639 auto racing
nhBZLJAuS9u-01428-00309640-00309791 the southern states are commonly
nhBZLJAuS9u-01429-00309792-00310015 associated with stock car racing and its
nhBZLJAuS9u-01430-00310016-00310247 most prominent competition nascar which
nhBZLJAuS9u-01431-00310248-00310519 is based in charlotte north carolina
nhBZLJAuS9u-01432-00310520-00310687 the sport was developed in the deep
nhBZLJAuS9u-01433-00310688-00310903 south in the early 20th century with
nhBZLJAuS9u-01434-00310904-00311127 stock car racing's historic mecca being
nhBZLJAuS9u-01435-00311128-00311351 daytona beach florida where cars
nhBZLJAuS9u-01436-00311352-00311519 initially raced on the wide flat
nhBZLJAuS9u-01437-00311520-00311687 beachfront before the construction of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01438-00311688-00311934 daytona international speedway
nhBZLJAuS9u-01439-00311935-00312063 though the sport has attained a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01440-00312064-00312254 following throughout the united states a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01441-00312255-00312479 majority of nascar races continue to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01442-00312480-00312958 take place at southern tracks
nhBZLJAuS9u-01443-00312959-00313447 topic basketball
nhBZLJAuS9u-01444-00313448-00313654 basketball is very popular throughout
nhBZLJAuS9u-01445-00313655-00313839 the southern united states as both a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01446-00313840-00314030 recreational and spectator sport
nhBZLJAuS9u-01447-00314031-00314199 particularly in the states of north
nhBZLJAuS9u-01448-00314200-00314406 carolina and kentucky which are home to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01449-00314407-00314606 several historically prominent college
nhBZLJAuS9u-01450-00314607-00314806 basketball programs
nhBZLJAuS9u-01451-00314807-00315071 prominent nba teams based in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01452-00315072-00315303 include the san antonio spurs houston
nhBZLJAuS9u-01453-00315304-00315534 rockets oklahoma city thunder dallas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01454-00315535-00315758 mavericks washington wizards charlotte
nhBZLJAuS9u-01455-00315759-00316023 hornets atlanta hawks orlando magic
nhBZLJAuS9u-01456-00316024-00316254 memphis grizzlies new orleans pelicans
nhBZLJAuS9u-01457-00316255-00316751 and the miami heat
nhBZLJAuS9u-01458-00316752-00317151 golf
nhBZLJAuS9u-01459-00317152-00317382 golf is a popular recreational sport in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01460-00317383-00317543 most areas of the south with the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01461-00317544-00317727 region's warm climate allowing it to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01462-00317728-00317910 host many professional tournaments and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01463-00317911-00318119 numerous destination golf resorts
nhBZLJAuS9u-01464-00318120-00318367 particularly in the state of florida
nhBZLJAuS9u-01465-00318368-00318558 the region is home to the masters an
nhBZLJAuS9u-01466-00318559-00318782 elite invitational competition played at
nhBZLJAuS9u-01467-00318783-00319006 augusta national golf club in augusta
nhBZLJAuS9u-01468-00319007-00319167 georgia which has become one of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01469-00319168-00319334 professional games most important
nhBZLJAuS9u-01470-00319335-00319719 tournaments
nhBZLJAuS9u-01471-00319720-00320191 topic soccer
nhBZLJAuS9u-01472-00320192-00320447 in recent decades association football
nhBZLJAuS9u-01473-00320448-00320615 known in the south as in the rest of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01474-00320616-00320934 united states as soccer has become a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01475-00320935-00321119 popular sport at youth and collegiate
nhBZLJAuS9u-01476-00321120-00321310 levels throughout the region
nhBZLJAuS9u-01477-00321311-00321479 the game has been historically
nhBZLJAuS9u-01478-00321480-00321663 widespread at the college level in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01479-00321664-00321839 atlantic coast states of maryland
nhBZLJAuS9u-01480-00321840-00322071 virginia and the carolinas which contain
nhBZLJAuS9u-01481-00322072-00322263 many of the nation's most successful
nhBZLJAuS9u-01482-00322264-00322503 college soccer programs
nhBZLJAuS9u-01483-00322504-00322727 the establishment of major league soccer
nhBZLJAuS9u-01484-00322728-00322943 has led to professional soccer clubs in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01485-00322944-00323182 the southern cities including fc dallas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01486-00323183-00323503 houston dynamo san antonio fc orlando
nhBZLJAuS9u-01487-00323504-00323719 city and atlanta united
nhBZLJAuS9u-01488-00323720-00323927 the current united states third division
nhBZLJAuS9u-01489-00323928-00324134 soccer league the united soccer league
nhBZLJAuS9u-01490-00324135-00324334 was initially geographically based in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01491-00324335-00324534 the coastal southeast around clubs in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01492-00324535-00324791 charleston richmond charlotte wilmington
nhBZLJAuS9u-01493-00324792-00325430 raleigh virginia beach and atlanta
nhBZLJAuS9u-01494-00325431-00325839 health
nhBZLJAuS9u-01495-00325840-00326071 nine southern states have obesity rates
nhBZLJAuS9u-01496-00326072-00326295 exceeding 30 percent of the population
nhBZLJAuS9u-01497-00326296-00326510 the highest in the country mississippi
nhBZLJAuS9u-01498-00326511-00326847 louisiana west virginia alabama oklahoma
nhBZLJAuS9u-01499-00326848-00327110 arkansas south carolina kentucky and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01500-00327111-00327230 texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01501-00327231-00327463 rates for hypertension and diabetes for
nhBZLJAuS9u-01502-00327464-00327647 these states are also the highest in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01503-00327648-00327751 nation
nhBZLJAuS9u-01504-00327752-00327943 a study reported that six southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01505-00327944-00328134 states have the worst incidence of sleep
nhBZLJAuS9u-01506-00328135-00328334 disturbances in the nation attributing
nhBZLJAuS9u-01507-00328335-00328503 the disturbances to high rates of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01508-00328504-00328695 obesity and smoking
nhBZLJAuS9u-01509-00328696-00328878 the south has a higher percentage of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01510-00328879-00329134 obese people and diabetics it has the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01511-00329135-00329319 largest number of people dying from
nhBZLJAuS9u-01512-00329320-00329471 stroke and the highest rates of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01513-00329472-00329647 cognitive decline
nhBZLJAuS9u-01514-00329648-00329878 life expectancy is lower and death rates
nhBZLJAuS9u-01515-00329879-00330030 are higher in the south than in other
nhBZLJAuS9u-01516-00330031-00330223 regions of the united states for all
nhBZLJAuS9u-01517-00330224-00330375 racial groups
nhBZLJAuS9u-01518-00330376-00330582 this disparity reflects substantial
nhBZLJAuS9u-01519-00330583-00330775 divergence between the south and other
nhBZLJAuS9u-01520-00330776-00330958 regions since the middle of the 20th
nhBZLJAuS9u-01521-00330959-00331182 century the east-south central census
nhBZLJAuS9u-01522-00331183-00331391 division of the united states made up of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01523-00331392-00331615 kentucky tennessee mississippi and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01524-00331616-00331782 alabama had the highest rate of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01525-00331783-00332078 inpatient hospital stays in 2012.
nhBZLJAuS9u-01526-00332079-00332287 the other divisions west south central
nhBZLJAuS9u-01527-00332288-00332591 texas oklahoma arkansas and louisiana
nhBZLJAuS9u-01528-00332592-00332791 and south atlantic west virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-01529-00332792-00333030 delaware maryland virginia north
nhBZLJAuS9u-01530-00333031-00333278 carolina south carolina georgia and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01531-00333279-00333599 florida ranked 7th and 5th respectively
nhBZLJAuS9u-01532-00333600-00333775 the south had a significantly higher
nhBZLJAuS9u-01533-00333776-00334071 rate of hospital discharges in 2005 than
nhBZLJAuS9u-01534-00334072-00334254 other regions of the united states but
nhBZLJAuS9u-01535-00334255-00334430 the rate had declined to be closer to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01536-00334431-00334734 the overall national rate by 2011.
nhBZLJAuS9u-01537-00334735-00334919 for cancer in a region the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01538-00334920-00335151 particularly an axis from west virginia
nhBZLJAuS9u-01539-00335152-00335358 through texas leads the nation in adult
nhBZLJAuS9u-01540-00335359-00335647 obesity adult smoking low exercise low
nhBZLJAuS9u-01541-00335648-00335823 fruit consumption low vegetable
nhBZLJAuS9u-01542-00335824-00336015 consumption all known cancer risk
nhBZLJAuS9u-01543-00336016-00336182 factors which matches a similar
nhBZLJAuS9u-01544-00336183-00336463 high-risk axis in all cancers combined
nhBZLJAuS9u-01545-00336464-00336734 death rates by state 2011
nhBZLJAuS9u-01546-00336735-00336934 from the centers for disease control and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01547-00336935-00337406 prevention
nhBZLJAuS9u-01548-00337407-00337847 politics
nhBZLJAuS9u-01549-00337848-00337982 in the first decades after
nhBZLJAuS9u-01550-00337983-00338182 reconstruction when white democrats
nhBZLJAuS9u-01551-00338183-00338415 regained power in the state legislatures
nhBZLJAuS9u-01552-00338416-00338599 they began to make voter registration
nhBZLJAuS9u-01553-00338600-00338887 more complicated to reduce black voting
nhBZLJAuS9u-01554-00338888-00339119 with a combination of intimidation fraud
nhBZLJAuS9u-01555-00339120-00339351 and violence by paramilitary groups they
nhBZLJAuS9u-01556-00339352-00339510 suppressed black voting and turned
nhBZLJAuS9u-01557-00339511-00339719 republicans out of office
nhBZLJAuS9u-01558-00339720-00340054 from 1890 to 1908 10 of 11 states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01559-00340055-00340303 ratified new constitutions or amendments
nhBZLJAuS9u-01560-00340304-00340503 that effectively disenfranchised most
nhBZLJAuS9u-01561-00340504-00340782 black voters and many poor white voters
nhBZLJAuS9u-01562-00340783-00341015 this disfranchisement persisted for six
nhBZLJAuS9u-01563-00341016-00341263 decades into the 20th century depriving
nhBZLJAuS9u-01564-00341264-00341463 blacks and poor whites of all political
nhBZLJAuS9u-01565-00341464-00341615 representation
nhBZLJAuS9u-01566-00341616-00341758 because they could not vote they could
nhBZLJAuS9u-01567-00341759-00341943 not sit on juries
nhBZLJAuS9u-01568-00341944-00342095 they had no one to represent their
nhBZLJAuS9u-01569-00342096-00342263 interests resulting in state
nhBZLJAuS9u-01570-00342264-00342487 legislatures consistently underfunding
nhBZLJAuS9u-01571-00342488-00342727 programs and services such as schools
nhBZLJAuS9u-01572-00342728-00342895 for blacks and poor whites with the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01573-00342896-00343071 collapse of the republican party in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01574-00343072-00343278 nearly all parts of the south the region
nhBZLJAuS9u-01575-00343279-00343471 became known as the solid south and the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01576-00343472-00343743 democratic party after 1900 moved to a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01577-00343744-00343919 system of primaries to select their
nhBZLJAuS9u-01578-00343920-00344054 candidates
nhBZLJAuS9u-01579-00344055-00344263 victory in a primary was tantamount to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01580-00344264-00344527 election from the late 1870s to the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01581-00344528-00344782 1960s only rarely was a state or
nhBZLJAuS9u-01582-00344783-00344951 national southern politician a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01583-00344952-00345167 republican apart from a few appalachian
nhBZLJAuS9u-01584-00345168-00345334 mountain districts
nhBZLJAuS9u-01585-00345335-00345575 republicans however continued to control
nhBZLJAuS9u-01586-00345576-00345751 parts of the appalachian mountains and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01587-00345752-00346023 compete for power in the border states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01588-00346024-00346239 apart from a few states such as the bird
nhBZLJAuS9u-01589-00346240-00346463 machine in virginia the crump machine in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01590-00346464-00346630 memphis and a few other local
nhBZLJAuS9u-01591-00346631-00346847 organizations the democratic party
nhBZLJAuS9u-01592-00346848-00347103 itself was very lightly organized
nhBZLJAuS9u-01593-00347104-00347343 it managed primaries but party officials
nhBZLJAuS9u-01594-00347344-00347599 had little other role to be successful a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01595-00347600-00347782 politician built his own network of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01596-00347783-00348023 friends neighbors and allies
nhBZLJAuS9u-01597-00348024-00348223 re-election was the norm and the result
nhBZLJAuS9u-01598-00348224-00348487 from 1910 to the late 20th century was
nhBZLJAuS9u-01599-00348488-00348695 that southern democrats in congress had
nhBZLJAuS9u-01600-00348696-00348910 accumulated seniority and automatically
nhBZLJAuS9u-01601-00348911-00349158 took the chairmanships of all committees
nhBZLJAuS9u-01602-00349159-00349423 by the 1940s the supreme court began to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01603-00349424-00349623 find disfranchisement measures like the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01604-00349624-00349830 grandfather clause and the white primary
nhBZLJAuS9u-01605-00349831-00350006 unconstitutional
nhBZLJAuS9u-01606-00350007-00350215 southern legislatures quickly passed
nhBZLJAuS9u-01607-00350216-00350358 other measures to keep blacks
nhBZLJAuS9u-01608-00350359-00350582 disfranchised even after suffrage was
nhBZLJAuS9u-01609-00350583-00350847 extended more widely to poor whites
nhBZLJAuS9u-01610-00350848-00351039 because white democrats controlled all
nhBZLJAuS9u-01611-00351040-00351230 the southern seats in congress they had
nhBZLJAuS9u-01612-00351231-00351423 outsized power in congress and could
nhBZLJAuS9u-01613-00351424-00351615 sidetrack or filibuster efforts by
nhBZLJAuS9u-01614-00351616-00351830 northerners to pass legislation against
nhBZLJAuS9u-01615-00351831-00352054 lynching for example
nhBZLJAuS9u-01616-00352055-00352239 increasing support for civil rights
nhBZLJAuS9u-01617-00352240-00352463 legislation by the national democratic
nhBZLJAuS9u-01618-00352464-00352703 party beginning in 1948 caused
nhBZLJAuS9u-01619-00352704-00352910 segregationist southern democrats to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01620-00352911-00353119 nominate strom thurmond on a third-party
nhBZLJAuS9u-01621-00353120-00353406 dixiecrat ticket in 1948.
nhBZLJAuS9u-01622-00353407-00353599 these dixiecrats returned to the party
nhBZLJAuS9u-01623-00353600-00353878 by 1950 but southern democrats held off
nhBZLJAuS9u-01624-00353879-00354087 republican inroads in the suburbs by
nhBZLJAuS9u-01625-00354088-00354247 arguing that only they could defend the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01626-00354248-00354415 region from the onslaught of northern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01627-00354416-00354663 liberals and the civil rights movement
nhBZLJAuS9u-01628-00354664-00354903 in response to the brown v board of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01629-00354904-00355263 education ruling of 1954 101 southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01630-00355264-00355582 congressmen 19 senators 82 house members
nhBZLJAuS9u-01631-00355583-00355815 of which 99 were southern democrats and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01632-00355816-00356110 two were republicans in 1956 denounced
nhBZLJAuS9u-01633-00356111-00356367 the brown decisions as a clear abuse of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01634-00356368-00356639 judicial power that climax is a trend in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01635-00356640-00356871 the federal judiciary undertaking to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01636-00356872-00357110 legislate interrogation of the authority
nhBZLJAuS9u-01637-00357111-00357310 of congress and to encroach upon the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01638-00357311-00357495 reserved rights of the states and the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01639-00357496-00357639 people
nhBZLJAuS9u-01640-00357640-00357919 the manifesto lauded
nhBZLJAuS9u-01641-00357920-00358078 those states which have declared the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01642-00358079-00358295 intention to resist enforced integration
nhBZLJAuS9u-01643-00358296-00358487 by any lawful means
nhBZLJAuS9u-01644-00358488-00358678 it was signed by all southern senators
nhBZLJAuS9u-01645-00358679-00358919 except majority leader lyndon b johnson
nhBZLJAuS9u-01646-00358920-00359119 and tennessee senators albert gore
nhBZLJAuS9u-01647-00359120-00359343 senior and estes kefauver
nhBZLJAuS9u-01648-00359344-00359599 virginia closed schools in warren county
nhBZLJAuS9u-01649-00359600-00359823 prince edward county charlottesville and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01650-00359824-00360015 norfolk rather than integrate but no
nhBZLJAuS9u-01651-00360016-00360223 other state followed suit
nhBZLJAuS9u-01652-00360224-00360447 democratic governors orville phabas of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01653-00360448-00360671 arkansas ross barnett of mississippi
nhBZLJAuS9u-01654-00360672-00360910 john conolly of texas lester maddox of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01655-00360911-00361151 georgia and especially george wallace of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01656-00361152-00361358 alabama resisted integration and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01657-00361359-00361534 appealed to a rural and blue-collar
nhBZLJAuS9u-01658-00361535-00361678 electorate
nhBZLJAuS9u-01659-00361679-00361878 the northern democrats support of civil
nhBZLJAuS9u-01660-00361879-00362119 rights issues culminated when democratic
nhBZLJAuS9u-01661-00362120-00362327 president lyndon b johnson signed into
nhBZLJAuS9u-01662-00362328-00362623 law the civil rights act of 1964 and the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01663-00362624-00362903 voting rights act of 1965 which ended
nhBZLJAuS9u-01664-00362904-00363127 legal segregation and provided federal
nhBZLJAuS9u-01665-00363128-00363391 enforcement of voting rights for blacks
nhBZLJAuS9u-01666-00363392-00363687 in the presidential election of 1964
nhBZLJAuS9u-01667-00363688-00363878 barry goldwater's only electoral
nhBZLJAuS9u-01668-00363879-00364047 victories outside his home state of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01669-00364048-00364230 arizona were in the states of the deep
nhBZLJAuS9u-01670-00364231-00364430 south where few blacks could vote before
nhBZLJAuS9u-01671-00364431-00364727 the 1965 voting rights act pockets of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01672-00364728-00364927 resistance to integration in public
nhBZLJAuS9u-01673-00364928-00365119 places broke out in violence during the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01674-00365120-00365415 1960s by the shadowy ku klux klan which
nhBZLJAuS9u-01675-00365416-00365663 caused a backlash among moderates
nhBZLJAuS9u-01676-00365664-00365854 major resistance to school busing
nhBZLJAuS9u-01677-00365855-00366095 extending into the 1970s national
nhBZLJAuS9u-01678-00366096-00366327 republicans such as richard nixon began
nhBZLJAuS9u-01679-00366328-00366510 to develop their southern strategy to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01680-00366511-00366719 attract conservative white southerners
nhBZLJAuS9u-01681-00366720-00366934 especially the middle class and suburban
nhBZLJAuS9u-01682-00366935-00367127 voters in addition to migrants from the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01683-00367128-00367358 north and traditional gop pockets in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01684-00367359-00367487 appalachia
nhBZLJAuS9u-01685-00367488-00367663 the transition to a republican
nhBZLJAuS9u-01686-00367664-00367903 stronghold in the south took decades
nhBZLJAuS9u-01687-00367904-00368054 first the states started voting
nhBZLJAuS9u-01688-00368055-00368278 republican in presidential elections
nhBZLJAuS9u-01689-00368279-00368506 except for native sons jimmy carter in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01690-00368507-00369015 1976 and bill clinton in 1992 and 1996.
nhBZLJAuS9u-01691-00369016-00369158 then the states began electing
nhBZLJAuS9u-01692-00369159-00369334 republican senators and finally
nhBZLJAuS9u-01693-00369335-00369582 governors georgia was the last state to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01694-00369583-00369767 do so with sonny perdue taking the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01695-00369768-00369999 governorship in 2002
nhBZLJAuS9u-01696-00370000-00370182 in addition to its middle class and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01697-00370183-00370406 business base republicans cultivated the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01698-00370407-00370599 religious right and attracted strong
nhBZLJAuS9u-01699-00370600-00370791 majorities from the evangelical or
nhBZLJAuS9u-01700-00370792-00370991 fundamentalist vote mostly southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01701-00370992-00371191 baptists which had not been a distinct
nhBZLJAuS9u-01702-00371192-00371454 political force prior to 1980. after the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01703-00371455-00371695 2012 elections the 11 states of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01704-00371696-00371910 former confederacy were represented by
nhBZLJAuS9u-01705-00371911-00372471 98 republicans 40 democrats
nhBZLJAuS9u-01706-00372472-00372991 topic presidents from the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01707-00372992-00373206 the south produced nine of the first 12
nhBZLJAuS9u-01708-00373207-00373447 presidents prior to the civil war
nhBZLJAuS9u-01709-00373448-00373639 for more than a century after the civil
nhBZLJAuS9u-01710-00373640-00373863 war no politician from an antebellum
nhBZLJAuS9u-01711-00373864-00374087 slave state became president unless he
nhBZLJAuS9u-01712-00374088-00374278 either moved north like woodrow wilson
nhBZLJAuS9u-01713-00374279-00374471 or was vice president when the president
nhBZLJAuS9u-01714-00374472-00374695 died in office like andrew johnson harry
nhBZLJAuS9u-01715-00374696-00374934 truman and lyndon b johnson
nhBZLJAuS9u-01716-00374935-00375254 in 1976 jimmy carter defied this trend
nhBZLJAuS9u-01717-00375255-00375430 and became the first southerner to break
nhBZLJAuS9u-01718-00375431-00375623 the pattern since zachary taylor in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01719-00375624-00375791 1848.
nhBZLJAuS9u-01720-00375792-00375999 the south has produced five of the last
nhBZLJAuS9u-01721-00376000-00376199 nine american presidents lyndon b
nhBZLJAuS9u-01722-00376200-00376363 johnson
nhBZLJAuS9u-01723-00376364-00376682 1963-69 jimmy carter
nhBZLJAuS9u-01724-00376683-00377010 1977-81 george h.w bush
nhBZLJAuS9u-01725-00377011-00377323 1989-93 bill clinton
nhBZLJAuS9u-01726-00377324-00377643 1993-2001 and george w bush
nhBZLJAuS9u-01727-00377644-00377815 2001-2009
nhBZLJAuS9u-01728-00377816-00378006 johnson was a native of texas while
nhBZLJAuS9u-01729-00378007-00378199 carter is from georgia and clinton from
nhBZLJAuS9u-01730-00378200-00378334 arkansas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01731-00378335-00378671 while george h w bush and george w bush
nhBZLJAuS9u-01732-00378672-00378878 began their political careers in texas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01733-00378879-00379047 they were both born in new england and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01734-00379048-00379630 have their ancestral roots in the region
nhBZLJAuS9u-01735-00379631-00379806 other politicians and political
nhBZLJAuS9u-01736-00379807-00380215 movements
nhBZLJAuS9u-01737-00380216-00380382 the south has produced various
nhBZLJAuS9u-01738-00380383-00380551 nationally known politicians and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01739-00380552-00380878 political movements in 1948 a group of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01740-00380879-00381095 democratic congressmen led by governor
nhBZLJAuS9u-01741-00381096-00381319 strom thurmond of south carolina split
nhBZLJAuS9u-01742-00381320-00381502 from the democrats in reaction to an
nhBZLJAuS9u-01743-00381503-00381687 anti-segregation speech given by
nhBZLJAuS9u-01744-00381688-00381887 minneapolis mayor and future senator
nhBZLJAuS9u-01745-00381888-00382102 hubert humphrey of minnesota
nhBZLJAuS9u-01746-00382103-00382247 they founded the state's rights
nhBZLJAuS9u-01747-00382248-00382502 democratic or dixiecrat party during
nhBZLJAuS9u-01748-00382503-00382695 that year's presidential election the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01749-00382696-00382895 party ran thurman as its candidate and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01750-00382896-00383182 he carried four deep south states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01751-00383183-00383447 in the 1968 presidential election
nhBZLJAuS9u-01752-00383448-00383678 alabama governor george c wallace ran
nhBZLJAuS9u-01753-00383679-00383830 for president on the american
nhBZLJAuS9u-01754-00383831-00384030 independent party ticket
nhBZLJAuS9u-01755-00384031-00384247 wallace ran a law and order campaign
nhBZLJAuS9u-01756-00384248-00384454 similar to that of republican candidate
nhBZLJAuS9u-01757-00384455-00384606 richard nixon
nhBZLJAuS9u-01758-00384607-00384799 nixon's southern strategy of gaining
nhBZLJAuS9u-01759-00384800-00385039 electoral votes downplayed race issues
nhBZLJAuS9u-01760-00385040-00385239 and focused on culturally conservative
nhBZLJAuS9u-01761-00385240-00385519 values such as family issues patriotism
nhBZLJAuS9u-01762-00385520-00385687 and cultural issues that appealed to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01763-00385688-00385887 southern baptists
nhBZLJAuS9u-01764-00385888-00386175 in the 1994 midterm elections another
nhBZLJAuS9u-01765-00386176-00386391 southern politician newt gingrich led
nhBZLJAuS9u-01766-00386392-00386623 the republican revolution ushering in 12
nhBZLJAuS9u-01767-00386624-00386910 years of gop control of the house
nhBZLJAuS9u-01768-00386911-00387119 gingrich became speaker of the united
nhBZLJAuS9u-01769-00387120-00387406 states house of representatives in 1995
nhBZLJAuS9u-01770-00387407-00387582 and served until his resignation in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01771-00387583-00387767 1999.
nhBZLJAuS9u-01772-00387768-00387943 tom delay was the most powerful
nhBZLJAuS9u-01773-00387944-00388151 republican leader in congress until he
nhBZLJAuS9u-01774-00388152-00388343 was indicted under criminal charges in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01775-00388344-00388599 2005 and was forced to step aside by
nhBZLJAuS9u-01776-00388600-00388775 republican rules
nhBZLJAuS9u-01777-00388776-00389087 apart from bob dole from kansas 1985 to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01778-00389088-00389351 96 the recent republican senate leaders
nhBZLJAuS9u-01779-00389352-00389651 have been southerners howard baker
nhBZLJAuS9u-01780-00389652-00389895 1981-1985 of tennessee trent lott
nhBZLJAuS9u-01781-00389896-00390127 1996-2003
nhBZLJAuS9u-01782-00390128-00390395 of mississippi bill frist
nhBZLJAuS9u-01783-00390396-00390623 2003-2006 of tennessee and mitch
nhBZLJAuS9u-01784-00390624-00390999 mcconnell 2007 present of kentucky
nhBZLJAuS9u-01785-00391000-00391215 the republicans candidates for president
nhBZLJAuS9u-01786-00391216-00391399 have won the south in elections since
nhBZLJAuS9u-01787-00391400-00391775 1972 except for 1976.
nhBZLJAuS9u-01788-00391776-00391982 the region is not however entirely
nhBZLJAuS9u-01789-00391983-00392158 monolithic and every successful
nhBZLJAuS9u-01790-00392159-00392454 democratic candidate since 1976 has
nhBZLJAuS9u-01791-00392455-00392702 claimed at least three southern states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01792-00392703-00392951 barack obama won florida maryland
nhBZLJAuS9u-01793-00392952-00393206 delaware north carolina and virginia in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01794-00393207-00393447 2008 but did not repeat his victory in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01795-00393448-00393647 north carolina during his 2012
nhBZLJAuS9u-01796-00393648-00394182 re-election campaign
nhBZLJAuS9u-01797-00394183-00394734 race relations
nhBZLJAuS9u-01798-00394735-00395175 native americans
nhBZLJAuS9u-01799-00395176-00395382 native americans had lived in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01800-00395383-00395615 for nearly 12 000 years
nhBZLJAuS9u-01801-00395616-00395799 they were defeated by settlers in a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01802-00395800-00396071 series of wars ending in the war of 1812
nhBZLJAuS9u-01803-00396072-00396247 and the seminole wars and most were
nhBZLJAuS9u-01804-00396248-00396463 removed west to indian territory now
nhBZLJAuS9u-01805-00396464-00396702 oklahoma and kansas but large numbers of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01806-00396703-00396919 native americans managed to stay behind
nhBZLJAuS9u-01807-00396920-00397191 by blending into the surrounding society
nhBZLJAuS9u-01808-00397192-00397391 this was especially true of the wives of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01809-00397392-00397982 euro-american merchants and minors
nhBZLJAuS9u-01810-00397983-00398406 civil rights
nhBZLJAuS9u-01811-00398407-00398606 the south witnessed two major events in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01812-00398607-00398806 the lives of 20th century african
nhBZLJAuS9u-01813-00398807-00399015 americans the great migration and the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01814-00399016-00399271 american civil rights movement
nhBZLJAuS9u-01815-00399272-00399471 the great migration began during world
nhBZLJAuS9u-01816-00399472-00399663 war one hitting its high point during
nhBZLJAuS9u-01817-00399664-00399823 world war ii
nhBZLJAuS9u-01818-00399824-00400023 during this migration blacks left the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01819-00400024-00400239 south to find work in northern factories
nhBZLJAuS9u-01820-00400240-00400415 and other sectors of the economy the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01821-00400416-00400606 migration also empowered the growing
nhBZLJAuS9u-01822-00400607-00400782 civil rights movement
nhBZLJAuS9u-01823-00400783-00400975 while the movement existed in all parts
nhBZLJAuS9u-01824-00400976-00401167 of the united states its focus was
nhBZLJAuS9u-01825-00401168-00401351 against disfranchisement and the jim
nhBZLJAuS9u-01826-00401352-00401543 crow laws in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01827-00401544-00401743 most of the major events in the movement
nhBZLJAuS9u-01828-00401744-00401895 occurred in the south including the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01829-00401896-00402127 montgomery bus boycott the mississippi
nhBZLJAuS9u-01830-00402128-00402319 freedom summer the march on selma
nhBZLJAuS9u-01831-00402320-00402543 alabama and the assassination of martin
nhBZLJAuS9u-01832-00402544-00402719 luther king jr
nhBZLJAuS9u-01833-00402720-00402910 in addition some of the most important
nhBZLJAuS9u-01834-00402911-00403054 writings to come out of the movement
nhBZLJAuS9u-01835-00403055-00403278 were written in the south such as kings
nhBZLJAuS9u-01836-00403279-00403527 letter from birmingham jail
nhBZLJAuS9u-01837-00403528-00403719 most of the civil rights landmarks can
nhBZLJAuS9u-01838-00403720-00403902 be found around the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01839-00403903-00404110 the birmingham civil rights national
nhBZLJAuS9u-01840-00404111-00404302 monument in birmingham includes the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01841-00404303-00404519 birmingham civil rights institute which
nhBZLJAuS9u-01842-00404520-00404702 details birmingham's role as the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01843-00404703-00404958 epicenter of the civil rights movement
nhBZLJAuS9u-01844-00404959-00405191 the 16th street baptist church served as
nhBZLJAuS9u-01845-00405192-00405382 a rallying point for coordinating and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01846-00405383-00405575 carrying out the birmingham campaign as
nhBZLJAuS9u-01847-00405576-00405782 well as the adjacent kelly ingram park
nhBZLJAuS9u-01848-00405783-00405943 that served as ground zero for the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01849-00405944-00406110 infamous children's protest that
nhBZLJAuS9u-01850-00406111-00406278 eventually led to the passage of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01851-00406279-00406534 civil rights act of 1964 has been
nhBZLJAuS9u-01852-00406535-00406810 rededicated as a place of revolution and
nhBZLJAuS9u-01853-00406811-00407063 reconciliation and is now the setting of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01854-00407064-00407263 moving sculptures related to the battle
nhBZLJAuS9u-01855-00407264-00407447 for civil rights in the city both are
nhBZLJAuS9u-01856-00407448-00407647 centerpieces of the birmingham civil
nhBZLJAuS9u-01857-00407648-00407791 rights district
nhBZLJAuS9u-01858-00407792-00408015 the martin luther king jr national
nhBZLJAuS9u-01859-00408016-00408223 historic site in atlanta includes a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01860-00408224-00408406 museum that chronicles the american
nhBZLJAuS9u-01861-00408407-00408591 civil rights movement as well as martin
nhBZLJAuS9u-01862-00408592-00408830 luther king jr's boyhood home on auburn
nhBZLJAuS9u-01863-00408831-00408951 avenue
nhBZLJAuS9u-01864-00408952-00409175 additionally ebenezer baptist church is
nhBZLJAuS9u-01865-00409176-00409375 located in the sweet auburn district as
nhBZLJAuS9u-01866-00409376-00409575 is the king center location of martin
nhBZLJAuS9u-01867-00409576-00409743 luther and coretta scott king's
nhBZLJAuS9u-01868-00409743-00409910 gravesites
nhBZLJAuS9u-01869-00409912-00410118 the civil rights movement ended jim crow
nhBZLJAuS9u-01870-00410119-00410391 laws across the south a second migration
nhBZLJAuS9u-01871-00410392-00410530 appears to be underway with
nhBZLJAuS9u-01872-00410531-00410718 african-americans from the north moving
nhBZLJAuS9u-01873-00410719-00410943 to the south in record numbers
nhBZLJAuS9u-01874-00410943-00411110 while race relations are still a
nhBZLJAuS9u-01875-00411112-00411287 contentious issue in the south the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01876-00411288-00411495 region surpasses the rest of the country
nhBZLJAuS9u-01877-00411496-00411703 in many areas of integration and racial
nhBZLJAuS9u-01878-00411704-00411847 equality
nhBZLJAuS9u-01879-00411847-00412118 according to 2003 report by researchers
nhBZLJAuS9u-01880-00412119-00412359 at the university of wisconsin-milwaukee
nhBZLJAuS9u-01881-00412360-00412574 virginia beach charlotte nashville
nhBZLJAuS9u-01882-00412575-00412782 davidson and jacksonville were the five
nhBZLJAuS9u-01883-00412783-00412982 most integrated of the nation's 50
nhBZLJAuS9u-01884-00412983-00413174 largest cities with memphis at number
nhBZLJAuS9u-01885-00413175-00413295 six
nhBZLJAuS9u-01886-00413296-00413447 southern states tend to have a low
nhBZLJAuS9u-01887-00413447-00413687 disparity in incarceration rates between
nhBZLJAuS9u-01888-00413688-00413870 blacks and whites relative to the rest
nhBZLJAuS9u-01889-00413871-00414359 of the country
nhBZLJAuS9u-01890-00414360-00414791 symbolism
nhBZLJAuS9u-01891-00414792-00414966 some southerners use the confederate
nhBZLJAuS9u-01892-00414967-00415166 flag to identify themselves with the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01893-00415167-00415326 south states rights and southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01894-00415327-00415478 tradition
nhBZLJAuS9u-01895-00415479-00415670 groups such as the league of the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01896-00415671-00415839 have a high regard for the secession
nhBZLJAuS9u-01897-00415839-00416110 movement of 1860 citing a desire to
nhBZLJAuS9u-01898-00416112-00416366 protect and defend southern heritage
nhBZLJAuS9u-01899-00416367-00416582 numerous political battles have erupted
nhBZLJAuS9u-01900-00416583-00416774 over flying the confederate flag over
nhBZLJAuS9u-01901-00416775-00416982 state capitals and the naming of public
nhBZLJAuS9u-01902-00416983-00417182 buildings or highways after confederate
nhBZLJAuS9u-01903-00417183-00417351 leaders the prominence of certain
nhBZLJAuS9u-01904-00417352-00417551 statues and the everyday display of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01905-00417552-00417751 confederate insignia other symbols of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01906-00417752-00417959 the south include the bonnie blue flag
nhBZLJAuS9u-01907-00417960-00418687 magnolia trees and the song dixie
nhBZLJAuS9u-01908-00418688-00419143 major cities
nhBZLJAuS9u-01909-00419143-00419334 the south was heavily rural as late as
nhBZLJAuS9u-01910-00419335-00419583 the 1940s but now the population is
nhBZLJAuS9u-01911-00419584-00419735 increasingly concentrated in
nhBZLJAuS9u-01912-00419735-00419927 metropolitan areas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01913-00419928-00420159 the following tables show the 20 largest
nhBZLJAuS9u-01914-00420160-00420351 cities metropolitan and combined
nhBZLJAuS9u-01915-00420352-00420599 statistical areas in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01916-00420600-00421159 houston is the largest city in the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01917-00421160-00421766 topic major metropolitan areas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01918-00421767-00421975 asterisk asterisk indicates part of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01919-00421976-00422207 metropolitan area is outside the states
nhBZLJAuS9u-01920-00422208-00422743 classified as southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01921-00422743-00423391 major combined statistical areas
nhBZLJAuS9u-01922-00423392-00423910 see also
nhBZLJAuS9u-01923-00423912-00424351 references
nhBZLJAuS9u-01924-00424352-00424622 ires edward l what caused the civil war
nhBZLJAuS9u-01925-00424623-00424807 reflections on the south and southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01926-00424808-00425063 history 2005
nhBZLJAuS9u-01927-00425064-00425495 cash wilbur j the mind of the south 1941
nhBZLJAuS9u-01928-00425496-00425751 cooper christopher a and h gibbs knotts
nhBZLJAuS9u-01929-00425752-00425903 eds
nhBZLJAuS9u-01930-00425904-00426166 the new politics of north carolina u of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01931-00426167-00426447 north carolina press 2008
nhBZLJAuS9u-01932-00426447-00427055 isbn 9780-8078-58769
nhBZLJAuS9u-01933-00427056-00427310 flint j wayne dixie's forgotten people
nhBZLJAuS9u-01934-00427312-00427631 the south's poor whites 1979 deals with
nhBZLJAuS9u-01935-00427632-00427831 20th century
nhBZLJAuS9u-01936-00427832-00428159 david m katzman black migration
nhBZLJAuS9u-01937-00428160-00428335 the reader's companion to american
nhBZLJAuS9u-01938-00428335-00428655 history houghton-mifflin company
nhBZLJAuS9u-01939-00428656-00429014 james grossman 1996 chicago and the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01940-00429015-00429207 great migration
nhBZLJAuS9u-01941-00429208-00429518 illinois history teacher 3 2 archived
nhBZLJAuS9u-01942-00429519-00429903 from the original on september 3 2006
nhBZLJAuS9u-01943-00429904-00430199 mcquinny grady in cracker culture celtic
nhBZLJAuS9u-01944-00430200-00430510 ways in the old south 1988
nhBZLJAuS9u-01945-00430512-00430879 john o allen and clayton e jewett 2004
nhBZLJAuS9u-01946-00430880-00431087 slavery in the south a state by state
nhBZLJAuS9u-01947-00431088-00431383 history greenwood press isbn
nhBZLJAuS9u-01948-00431384-00431799 0-313-32019-5
nhBZLJAuS9u-01949-00431800-00432135 rayford logan 1997 the betrayal of the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01950-00432135-00432351 negro from rutherford b hayes to woodrow
nhBZLJAuS9u-01951-00432352-00432463 wilson
nhBZLJAuS9u-01952-00432464-00432683 new york da capo press
nhBZLJAuS9u-01953-00432684-00433151 isbno 306-80758-0
nhBZLJAuS9u-01954-00433152-00433518 william b hesseltine 1936 a history of
nhBZLJAuS9u-01955-00433519-00433887 the south 1607-1936
nhBZLJAuS9u-01956-00433888-00434070 prentice hall
nhBZLJAuS9u-01957-00434071-00434351 mark rebecca and rob vaughn the south
nhBZLJAuS9u-01958-00434352-00434566 the greenwood encyclopedia of american
nhBZLJAuS9u-01959-00434567-00434863 regional cultures 2004
nhBZLJAuS9u-01960-00434864-00435227 robert w twyman and david c rowler ed ed
nhBZLJAuS9u-01961-00435228-00435391 1979
nhBZLJAuS9u-01962-00435392-00435687 encyclopedia of southern history lsu
nhBZLJAuS9u-01963-00435688-00436166 press isbn 0-807105759
nhBZLJAuS9u-01964-00436167-00436599 cs1 maint extra text editors list link
nhBZLJAuS9u-01965-00436600-00436831 charles regan wilson and william ferris
nhBZLJAuS9u-01966-00436832-00437087 ed ed 1989
nhBZLJAuS9u-01967-00437088-00437318 encyclopedia of southern culture
nhBZLJAuS9u-01968-00437319-00437655 university of north carolina press isbn
nhBZLJAuS9u-01969-00437656-00437959 0-8078-1823-2
nhBZLJAuS9u-01970-00437960-00438614 cs1 maint extra text editors list link
nhBZLJAuS9u-01971-00438615-00438727 topic
nhBZLJAuS9u-01972-00438728-00439175 further reading
nhBZLJAuS9u-01973-00439176-00439543 edward l irs 1993 the promise of the new
nhBZLJAuS9u-01974-00439543-00439814 south life after reconstruction oxford
nhBZLJAuS9u-01975-00439815-00440447 university press isbno-195085485
nhBZLJAuS9u-01976-00440447-00440822 monroe lee billington 1975 the political
nhBZLJAuS9u-01977-00440823-00441183 south in the 20th century scribner isbn
nhBZLJAuS9u-01978-00441184-00441607 0-684-13983-9
nhBZLJAuS9u-01979-00441608-00441935 earl black and merle black 2002 the rise
nhBZLJAuS9u-01980-00441935-00442218 of southern republicans belknap press
nhBZLJAuS9u-01981-00442219-00442695 isbno 674-01248
nhBZLJAuS9u-01982-00442696-00443127 w j cash 1935 the mind of the south new
nhBZLJAuS9u-01983-00443128-00443839 york vintage books isbn 0-679-73647-6
nhBZLJAuS9u-01984-00443839-00444151 pete daniel 2000 lost revolutions the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01985-00444152-00444351 south in the 1950s
nhBZLJAuS9u-01986-00444352-00444679 university of north carolina press isbn
nhBZLJAuS9u-01987-00444680-00445070 0-807848484
nhBZLJAuS9u-01988-00445071-00445375 davis donald and mark r stoll southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-01989-00445376-00445614 united states and environmental history
nhBZLJAuS9u-01990-00445615-00445814 2006
nhBZLJAuS9u-01991-00445815-00446127 edwards laura f southern history as u.s
nhBZLJAuS9u-01992-00446128-00446255 history
nhBZLJAuS9u-01993-00446256-00446535 journal of southern history 75 august
nhBZLJAuS9u-01994-00446535-00446943 2009 533-60
nhBZLJAuS9u-01995-00446943-00447303 frederickson cary 2013 cold war dixie
nhBZLJAuS9u-01996-00447304-00447518 militarization and modernization in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-01997-00447519-00447814 american south athens georgia university
nhBZLJAuS9u-01998-00447815-00448022 of georgia press
nhBZLJAuS9u-01999-00448023-00448351 michael craling 1998 inventing southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-02000-00448352-00448551 literature university press of
nhBZLJAuS9u-02001-00448552-00448970 mississippi key 66 isbn 1
nhBZLJAuS9u-02002-00448971-00449310 57806 0451
nhBZLJAuS9u-02003-00449312-00449607 heather a haveman 2004 antebellum
nhBZLJAuS9u-02004-00449608-00449822 literary culture and the evolution of
nhBZLJAuS9u-02005-00449823-00450047 american magazines
nhBZLJAuS9u-02006-00450047-00450359 poetics 32 5-28
nhBZLJAuS9u-02007-00450360-00450483 doi
nhBZLJAuS9u-02008-00450484-00451166 10.1016 j poetic .2003.12.00
nhBZLJAuS9u-02009-00451167-00451470 eugene d genovese 1976
nhBZLJAuS9u-02010-00451471-00451727 roll jordan roll the world the slaves
nhBZLJAuS9u-02011-00451728-00452231 made new york vintage books p 41 isbno
nhBZLJAuS9u-02012-00452232-00452647 394 711
nhBZLJAuS9u-02013-00452647-00452975 morris christopher 2009 a more southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-02014-00452976-00453207 environmental history
nhBZLJAuS9u-02015-00453208-00453855 journal of southern history 75 3 581-598
nhBZLJAuS9u-02016-00453856-00454199 howard n rabinowitz september 1976
nhBZLJAuS9u-02017-00454200-00454463 from exclusion to segregation southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-02018-00454464-00454966 race relations 1865-1890
nhBZLJAuS9u-02019-00454967-00455614 journal of american history 43-325-350
nhBZLJAuS9u-02020-00455615-00456014 nichol c ray 1994 southern democrats
nhBZLJAuS9u-02021-00456015-00456287 oxford university press isbn
nhBZLJAuS9u-02022-00456288-00456695 0-19508-709-7
nhBZLJAuS9u-02023-00456696-00457022 jeffrey a raffle 1998 historical
nhBZLJAuS9u-02024-00457023-00457214 dictionary of school segregation and
nhBZLJAuS9u-02025-00457215-00457487 desegregation the american experience
nhBZLJAuS9u-02026-00457488-00458118 greenwood press isbno 313-29502
nhBZLJAuS9u-02027-00458119-00458439 j mills thornton iii archipelagos of my
nhBZLJAuS9u-02028-00458439-00458631 south episodes in the shaping of a
nhBZLJAuS9u-02029-00458632-00458910 region 1830-1965
nhBZLJAuS9u-02030-00458912-00459151 2016 online
nhBZLJAuS9u-02031-00459152-00459455 virts nancy 2006 change in the
nhBZLJAuS9u-02032-00459456-00459710 plantation system american south
nhBZLJAuS9u-02033-00459712-00460070 1910-1945
nhBZLJAuS9u-02034-00460071-00460414 explorations in economic history 43 1
nhBZLJAuS9u-02035-00460415-00460775 153-176
nhBZLJAuS9u-02036-00460776-00460907 doi
nhBZLJAuS9u-02037-00460908-00461543 10.1016 j.e.h.2005.04.003
nhBZLJAuS9u-02038-00461543-00461887 wells jonathan daniel 2009 the southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-02039-00461888-00462063 middle class
nhBZLJAuS9u-02040-00462064-00462591 journal of southern history 75 3 651
nhBZLJAuS9u-02041-00462592-00462959 c van woodward 1955 the strange career
nhBZLJAuS9u-02042-00462960-00463270 of jim crow oxford university press
nhBZLJAuS9u-02043-00463271-00463799 isbno 195146
nhBZLJAuS9u-02044-00463800-00464166 gavin wright 1996 old south new south
nhBZLJAuS9u-02045-00464167-00464359 revolutions in the southern economy
nhBZLJAuS9u-02046-00464360-00464535 since the civil war
nhBZLJAuS9u-02047-00464535-00465470 lsu press isbn 0-8071-209
nhBZLJAuS9u-02048-00465471-00465943 external links
nhBZLJAuS9u-02049-00465943-00466151 southern united states travel guide from
nhBZLJAuS9u-02050-00466152-00466318 wikivoyage
nhBZLJAuS9u-02051-00466319-00466566 doc south documenting the american south
nhBZLJAuS9u-02052-00466567-00466727 multimedia collections from the
nhBZLJAuS9u-02053-00466728-00466951 university of north carolina at chapel
nhBZLJAuS9u-02054-00466952-00467079 hill
nhBZLJAuS9u-02055-00467080-00467279 center for the study of southern culture
nhBZLJAuS9u-02056-00467280-00467470 the research center at the university of
nhBZLJAuS9u-02057-00467471-00467695 mississippi with a graduate program and
nhBZLJAuS9u-02058-00467696-00468007 undergraduate major in southern studies
nhBZLJAuS9u-02059-00468008-00468247 university of mississippi libraries
nhBZLJAuS9u-02060-00468247-00468431 southern studies
nhBZLJAuS9u-02061-00468432-00468647 library guides
nhBZLJAuS9u-02062-00468647-00468870 university of north carolina southern
nhBZLJAuS9u-02063-00468871-00469199 studies southern studies jump gate
nhBZLJAuS9u-02064-00469200-00469604 annotated list of sites
nj5_4PKBB_4-00000-00000512-00000726 well first of all thank you very much
nj5_4PKBB_4-00001-00000727-00001054 for inviting me i'm really pleased to be
nj5_4PKBB_4-00002-00001055-00001415 here um i've written a lot about poland
nj5_4PKBB_4-00003-00001416-00001702 and what i call the emergence of the new
nj5_4PKBB_4-00004-00001703-00001991 polish capitalism so it's really
nj5_4PKBB_4-00005-00001992-00002183 encouraging to be
nj5_4PKBB_4-00006-00002184-00002279 in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00007-00002280-00002383 another
nj5_4PKBB_4-00008-00002384-00002679 another country that was a former soviet
nj5_4PKBB_4-00009-00002680-00002799 country
nj5_4PKBB_4-00010-00002800-00003118 sort of engaging in debates about about
nj5_4PKBB_4-00011-00003119-00003438 class and struggle
nj5_4PKBB_4-00012-00003439-00003695 uh the art the lecture that i'm going to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00013-00003696-00004079 present um is based on an article that i
nj5_4PKBB_4-00014-00004079-00004183 wrote in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00015-00004184-00004535 international socialism the journal
nj5_4PKBB_4-00016-00004536-00004799 about about a year ago
nj5_4PKBB_4-00017-00004800-00004911 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00018-00004912-00005151 the reason that i wrote it wasn't
nj5_4PKBB_4-00019-00005152-00005415 out of some sort of abstract
nj5_4PKBB_4-00020-00005416-00005511 notion
nj5_4PKBB_4-00021-00005512-00005775 but because i thought that coming from
nj5_4PKBB_4-00022-00005776-00005927 my students
nj5_4PKBB_4-00023-00005928-00006167 coming from section to the left
nj5_4PKBB_4-00024-00006168-00006418 there were some ideas about
nj5_4PKBB_4-00025-00006419-00006687 globalization and particularly about
nj5_4PKBB_4-00026-00006688-00006991 capital that were really not
nj5_4PKBB_4-00027-00006992-00007119 not helpful
nj5_4PKBB_4-00028-00007120-00007359 for understanding class and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00029-00007359-00007639 understanding the potential for the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00030-00007640-00007895 struggle
nj5_4PKBB_4-00031-00007895-00008223 and some of the common sense assumptions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00032-00008224-00008414 that were out there
nj5_4PKBB_4-00033-00008415-00008767 was a very wide-reaching assumption that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00034-00008768-00009014 there was a hemorrhaging of jobs
nj5_4PKBB_4-00035-00009015-00009246 from what's called the global north to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00036-00009247-00009551 the global south and i'll be critiquing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00037-00009552-00009855 that idea later on
nj5_4PKBB_4-00038-00009856-00010151 that in south east asia and obviously
nj5_4PKBB_4-00039-00010152-00010342 china in particular
nj5_4PKBB_4-00040-00010343-00010703 was a new magnet for foreign investment
nj5_4PKBB_4-00041-00010704-00010951 and this was at the expense of domestic
nj5_4PKBB_4-00042-00010952-00011063 jobs
nj5_4PKBB_4-00043-00011064-00011295 people for example in the uk were
nj5_4PKBB_4-00044-00011296-00011646 writing about the fact that brits the uk
nj5_4PKBB_4-00045-00011647-00011967 is now a knowledge economy and that all
nj5_4PKBB_4-00046-00011968-00012327 production is going to places like china
nj5_4PKBB_4-00047-00012328-00012614 and in this notion of globalization is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00048-00012615-00013038 the idea that transnational corporations
nj5_4PKBB_4-00049-00013039-00013391 are not only powerful and footloose but
nj5_4PKBB_4-00050-00013391-00013486 also
nj5_4PKBB_4-00051-00013487-00013799 they're difficult to challenge so these
nj5_4PKBB_4-00052-00013800-00014063 ideas are very much
nj5_4PKBB_4-00053-00014063-00014399 around as part of the common sense which
nj5_4PKBB_4-00054-00014400-00014822 is what i'm trying to challenge
nj5_4PKBB_4-00055-00014823-00015079 and the whole issue of the movement of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00056-00015080-00015511 capital has been you know quite a a hot
nj5_4PKBB_4-00057-00015512-00015638 political issue
nj5_4PKBB_4-00058-00015640-00015871 so for example in the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00059-00015872-00016086 presidential election
nj5_4PKBB_4-00060-00016087-00016343 one of the arguments that obama used
nj5_4PKBB_4-00061-00016344-00016630 against romney was that he worked for
nj5_4PKBB_4-00062-00016631-00016967 firm which was exporting jobs to other
nj5_4PKBB_4-00063-00016968-00017239 parts of the world through outsourcing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00064-00017240-00017647 and offshoring
nj5_4PKBB_4-00065-00017648-00017815 the us
nj5_4PKBB_4-00066-00017816-00018122 big trade union confederation the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00067-00018123-00018303 afl-cio
nj5_4PKBB_4-00068-00018304-00018639 also has talked about china as
nj5_4PKBB_4-00069-00018640-00018830 a threat
nj5_4PKBB_4-00070-00018831-00019167 as exerting downward pressure on the on
nj5_4PKBB_4-00071-00019168-00019527 the wages of workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00072-00019528-00019622 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-00073-00019623-00019822 you know this is one of the themes that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00074-00019823-00020183 comes up time and time again
nj5_4PKBB_4-00075-00020184-00020439 quite interestingly and i i've kept this
nj5_4PKBB_4-00076-00020440-00020671 quote quite long
nj5_4PKBB_4-00077-00020672-00020958 other marxists have taken quite a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00078-00020959-00021119 different view
nj5_4PKBB_4-00079-00021120-00021399 and someone called john smith writes
nj5_4PKBB_4-00080-00021400-00021655 that the vast wave of outsourcing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00081-00021656-00021886 production processes to low-wage
nj5_4PKBB_4-00082-00021887-00022158 countries was a strategic
nj5_4PKBB_4-00083-00022159-00022471 response to the the crisis that emerged
nj5_4PKBB_4-00084-00022472-00022775 in the 1970s
nj5_4PKBB_4-00085-00022776-00022999 and you know actually that's true
nj5_4PKBB_4-00086-00023000-00023250 although it was part of a much bigger
nj5_4PKBB_4-00087-00023251-00023471 reorganization of capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00088-00023472-00023878 in terms of fragmenting some functions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00089-00023879-00024183 uh actually large firms
nj5_4PKBB_4-00090-00024184-00024471 declining in size but creating
nj5_4PKBB_4-00091-00024472-00024630 new uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-00092-00024631-00024878 new social relationships so the first
nj5_4PKBB_4-00093-00024879-00025222 part of that quote is is is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00094-00025223-00025606 i think probably um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00095-00025607-00025927 self-evident but the second half
nj5_4PKBB_4-00096-00025927-00026183 is really rather dangerous because it
nj5_4PKBB_4-00097-00026183-00026662 talks about the fact that this
nj5_4PKBB_4-00098-00026663-00026999 was because if you like domestic ruling
nj5_4PKBB_4-00099-00027000-00027262 class we're reluctant to reverse the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00100-00027263-00027518 expensive concessions that have helped
nj5_4PKBB_4-00101-00027519-00027767 convert the workers of the global law
nj5_4PKBB_4-00102-00027768-00027870 into
nj5_4PKBB_4-00103-00027872-00028279 passive bystanders or even accomplices
nj5_4PKBB_4-00104-00028280-00028535 to their subjugate to the subjugation of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00105-00028536-00028695 the rest of the world and i think that's
nj5_4PKBB_4-00106-00028695-00028911 quite dangerous because it's quite
nj5_4PKBB_4-00107-00028912-00029158 divisive
nj5_4PKBB_4-00108-00029160-00029414 so what you've got in this in these two
nj5_4PKBB_4-00109-00029416-00029639 accounts is you've got some very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00110-00029639-00029879 contradictory ideas
nj5_4PKBB_4-00111-00029880-00030183 if you think about workers in the core
nj5_4PKBB_4-00112-00030183-00030451 capitalist countries
nj5_4PKBB_4-00113-00030452-00030743 simultaneously they're victims of unfair
nj5_4PKBB_4-00114-00030744-00031014 competition or in another view their
nj5_4PKBB_4-00115-00031016-00031327 bystanders or accomplices in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00116-00031327-00031558 exploitation
nj5_4PKBB_4-00117-00031560-00031670 similarly
nj5_4PKBB_4-00118-00031672-00031862 workers in the global south are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00119-00031863-00032055 simultaneously
nj5_4PKBB_4-00120-00032056-00032343 perpetrators of unfair competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-00121-00032344-00032646 and also super exploited in the race to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00122-00032647-00032774 the bottom
nj5_4PKBB_4-00123-00032775-00033023 so these are very contradictory
nj5_4PKBB_4-00124-00033024-00033343 conclusions which emerge from those
nj5_4PKBB_4-00125-00033344-00033567 views
nj5_4PKBB_4-00126-00033568-00033911 and i think for socialists it raises
nj5_4PKBB_4-00127-00033912-00034007 some
nj5_4PKBB_4-00128-00034008-00034111 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00129-00034112-00034359 important political questions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00130-00034360-00034718 because it's actually very divisive
nj5_4PKBB_4-00131-00034719-00034935 in the workers in the core capitalist
nj5_4PKBB_4-00132-00034936-00035207 countries and the so-called global south
nj5_4PKBB_4-00133-00035208-00035567 are seen as having different interests
nj5_4PKBB_4-00134-00035568-00035831 that it has implicit in it a sort of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00135-00035832-00035974 passivity
nj5_4PKBB_4-00136-00035975-00036183 that both groups are powerless in the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00137-00036184-00036295 face of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00138-00036296-00036735 super mobile global capital and it rules
nj5_4PKBB_4-00139-00036736-00037030 out solidarity because what it does is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00140-00037031-00037535 it emphasizes competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-00141-00037536-00037702 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-00142-00037703-00038046 what we need is we need a much better
nj5_4PKBB_4-00143-00038047-00038415 account a much better understanding
nj5_4PKBB_4-00144-00038416-00038646 of what's happening to global capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00145-00038647-00038759 and what
nj5_4PKBB_4-00146-00038760-00039055 challenges and opportunities it throws
nj5_4PKBB_4-00147-00039056-00039239 up for
nj5_4PKBB_4-00148-00039240-00039590 all socialists and workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00149-00039591-00039911 and i'm going to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00150-00039912-00040079 deal with five
nj5_4PKBB_4-00151-00040080-00040335 key questions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00152-00040336-00040559 first of all um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00153-00040560-00040783 in the first four parts i'm going to use
nj5_4PKBB_4-00154-00040784-00040959 fairly light touch
nj5_4PKBB_4-00155-00040960-00041199 sort of marxist analysis to talk about
nj5_4PKBB_4-00156-00041200-00041318 the fact
nj5_4PKBB_4-00157-00041319-00041646 that the mobility of capital is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00158-00041647-00041790 those are kinds of quite often
nj5_4PKBB_4-00159-00041791-00042087 exaggerated simplistic they only take
nj5_4PKBB_4-00160-00042088-00042446 account of a small section of capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00161-00042447-00042743 secondly that there has been a tendency
nj5_4PKBB_4-00162-00042744-00042958 to write out the state
nj5_4PKBB_4-00163-00042959-00043199 which i will argue continues to play a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00164-00043200-00043511 critical role in processes of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00165-00043512-00043823 accumulation
nj5_4PKBB_4-00166-00043824-00044111 thirdly that the so-called spatial fix
nj5_4PKBB_4-00167-00044112-00044462 the idea that the people borrow from
nj5_4PKBB_4-00168-00044463-00044702 david harvey whereby
nj5_4PKBB_4-00169-00044703-00045039 capitalists can move their production in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00170-00045040-00045374 order to get a some temporary advantage
nj5_4PKBB_4-00171-00045375-00045671 is only temporary
nj5_4PKBB_4-00172-00045672-00045974 and but fourthly and you know critically
nj5_4PKBB_4-00173-00045975-00046279 important that wherever capital settles
nj5_4PKBB_4-00174-00046280-00046446 wherever it settles
nj5_4PKBB_4-00175-00046447-00046687 then it's met with resistance from
nj5_4PKBB_4-00176-00046688-00046935 workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00177-00046936-00047423 and finally and um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00178-00047424-00047679 that how do we understand these things
nj5_4PKBB_4-00179-00047680-00047839 theoretically
nj5_4PKBB_4-00180-00047840-00047927 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00181-00047928-00048311 what i argue is that really the only
nj5_4PKBB_4-00182-00048312-00048574 theory that that starts to open up
nj5_4PKBB_4-00183-00048575-00048815 understanding these other things
nj5_4PKBB_4-00184-00048816-00049039 is the um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00185-00049040-00049302 the notions of combined uneven
nj5_4PKBB_4-00186-00049303-00049535 development so these are the arguments
nj5_4PKBB_4-00187-00049536-00049743 that i'm going to i'm going to go
nj5_4PKBB_4-00188-00049744-00050086 through
nj5_4PKBB_4-00189-00050087-00050230 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-00190-00050231-00050543 let's just start off with a quote that i
nj5_4PKBB_4-00191-00050544-00050846 think probably people are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00192-00050847-00051062 are very familiar with
nj5_4PKBB_4-00193-00051063-00051430 which is the quote from marx and it
nj5_4PKBB_4-00194-00051432-00051566 explains
nj5_4PKBB_4-00195-00051567-00051735 actually both
nj5_4PKBB_4-00196-00051736-00052182 periods of expansion of capitalism a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00197-00052183-00052647 huge uh geographical expansion um in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00198-00052648-00052830 terms of markets
nj5_4PKBB_4-00199-00052832-00053150 in terms of trying to what he could
nj5_4PKBB_4-00200-00053151-00053438 annihilate space by time
nj5_4PKBB_4-00201-00053439-00053630 and of course in the 19th century that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00202-00053632-00053871 was railways canals
nj5_4PKBB_4-00203-00053872-00054079 and in the 20th century
nj5_4PKBB_4-00204-00054079-00054399 a whole different range of technology
nj5_4PKBB_4-00205-00054400-00054782 has managed to enable capitalists to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00206-00054783-00054926 annihilate
nj5_4PKBB_4-00207-00054927-00055247 space by time
nj5_4PKBB_4-00208-00055248-00055423 so that's a very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00209-00055424-00055719 general statement of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00210-00055720-00056087 dynamics of the system
nj5_4PKBB_4-00211-00056088-00056366 but actually if we come down to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00212-00056367-00056542 the concrete
nj5_4PKBB_4-00213-00056544-00056742 manifestations
nj5_4PKBB_4-00214-00056744-00056982 then that whip of competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-00215-00056983-00057407 um poses a whole range of dilemmas
nj5_4PKBB_4-00216-00057408-00057482 for
nj5_4PKBB_4-00217-00057483-00057663 capitalists
nj5_4PKBB_4-00218-00057664-00057999 because there are endless ways in which
nj5_4PKBB_4-00219-00058000-00058271 they can try to do that there are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00220-00058272-00058407 endless
nj5_4PKBB_4-00221-00058408-00058703 ways of exploiting workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00222-00058704-00058882 there are endless
nj5_4PKBB_4-00223-00058883-00059319 combinations of how they organize with
nj5_4PKBB_4-00224-00059320-00059463 other
nj5_4PKBB_4-00225-00059464-00059711 other capitalists through suppliers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00226-00059712-00059879 through competitors
nj5_4PKBB_4-00227-00059879-00060159 whether or not they ban together whether
nj5_4PKBB_4-00228-00060160-00060463 they're in competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-00229-00060464-00060759 a whole menu of different
nj5_4PKBB_4-00230-00060760-00061015 different arrangements
nj5_4PKBB_4-00231-00061016-00061238 and what's emerged
nj5_4PKBB_4-00232-00061239-00061454 and there's a huge literature on this
nj5_4PKBB_4-00233-00061455-00061703 which some of you might be familiar with
nj5_4PKBB_4-00234-00061704-00061863 is very very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00235-00061864-00062238 fragmented and very very complex value
nj5_4PKBB_4-00236-00062239-00062654 chains both to extract surplus value
nj5_4PKBB_4-00237-00062655-00063015 and also to try and realize it
nj5_4PKBB_4-00238-00063016-00063126 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-00239-00063127-00063471 whether or not you look at neoclassical
nj5_4PKBB_4-00240-00063472-00063719 economics or some
nj5_4PKBB_4-00241-00063720-00063959 perhaps crude marxism
nj5_4PKBB_4-00242-00063960-00064223 the dilemma is that capitalists one
nj5_4PKBB_4-00243-00064224-00064463 essential insight of marx
nj5_4PKBB_4-00244-00064464-00064679 is that catholics don't know
nj5_4PKBB_4-00245-00064679-00064999 what other capitalists are doing and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00246-00065000-00065359 they have to make decisions within a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00247-00065360-00066023 whole broad range of possibilities
nj5_4PKBB_4-00248-00066024-00066471 and you know what we see is we see that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00249-00066472-00066591 there is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00250-00066592-00066735 both
nj5_4PKBB_4-00251-00066736-00066894 a propulsion
nj5_4PKBB_4-00252-00066895-00067119 for deconcentration
nj5_4PKBB_4-00253-00067120-00067423 and also concentration and what you get
nj5_4PKBB_4-00254-00067424-00067775 is very powerful firms have come to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00255-00067776-00067894 dominate
nj5_4PKBB_4-00256-00067895-00068191 value chains and i picked on two
nj5_4PKBB_4-00257-00068192-00068687 particularly who i think are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00258-00068688-00069159 very um arch examples of this
nj5_4PKBB_4-00259-00069160-00069415 if you take tesco's you know testicles
nj5_4PKBB_4-00260-00069416-00069919 have uh are very adept and good at
nj5_4PKBB_4-00261-00069920-00070167 exploiting their workers in terms of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00262-00070168-00070438 contracts in terms of how they organise
nj5_4PKBB_4-00263-00070439-00070550 labour
nj5_4PKBB_4-00264-00070551-00070799 but they're also very good at
nj5_4PKBB_4-00265-00070800-00070959 annihilating
nj5_4PKBB_4-00266-00070960-00071199 space through time they compete with
nj5_4PKBB_4-00267-00071200-00071431 other supermarkets by with very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00268-00071432-00071711 sophisticated logistics
nj5_4PKBB_4-00269-00071712-00071991 and they extract a greater share of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00270-00071992-00072231 surplus value because what they do is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00271-00072232-00072582 they squeeze smaller firms down the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00272-00072583-00072879 value value chain and that's a very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00273-00072880-00073487 similar picture with with ikea
nj5_4PKBB_4-00274-00073488-00073775 very very sophisticated in terms of how
nj5_4PKBB_4-00275-00073776-00073991 they organize their production and the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00276-00073992-00074103 reason
nj5_4PKBB_4-00277-00074104-00074343 that they are in the position they are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00278-00074344-00074606 that they actually can do it better
nj5_4PKBB_4-00279-00074607-00074911 than other firms with which they're with
nj5_4PKBB_4-00280-00074912-00075838 which they're competing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00281-00075839-00076094 so that's by way of an introduction i
nj5_4PKBB_4-00282-00076095-00076350 want to turn now to look at
nj5_4PKBB_4-00283-00076351-00076679 each of the arguments that i've set out
nj5_4PKBB_4-00284-00076680-00076903 and the first one very crudely is that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00285-00076904-00077015 accounts
nj5_4PKBB_4-00286-00077016-00077375 of the mobility of capital are very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00287-00077376-00077494 simplistic
nj5_4PKBB_4-00288-00077495-00077703 and i just want to look at two things
nj5_4PKBB_4-00289-00077704-00077887 briefly
nj5_4PKBB_4-00290-00077888-00078119 first of all some very broad divisions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00291-00078120-00078382 of labour in the global economy
nj5_4PKBB_4-00292-00078383-00078767 and then the notion of fixed and mobile
nj5_4PKBB_4-00293-00078768-00079062 capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00294-00079063-00079294 so i've just taken
nj5_4PKBB_4-00295-00079295-00079919 a couple of take recent tables from the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00296-00079920-00080111 statistics that are produced by the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00297-00080112-00080294 united nations which
nj5_4PKBB_4-00298-00080295-00080479 are quite useful
nj5_4PKBB_4-00299-00080480-00080719 and these are figures for foreign direct
nj5_4PKBB_4-00300-00080720-00080879 investment
nj5_4PKBB_4-00301-00080880-00081079 now this is a very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00302-00081080-00081262 partial measure
nj5_4PKBB_4-00303-00081263-00081582 it doesn't take into account inter-firm
nj5_4PKBB_4-00304-00081583-00081879 uh transactions and it doesn't take into
nj5_4PKBB_4-00305-00081880-00082247 account financial flows so it is only if
nj5_4PKBB_4-00306-00082248-00082455 you like a proxy
nj5_4PKBB_4-00307-00082456-00082782 for the movement of one sort of capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00308-00082783-00083031 in the global economy
nj5_4PKBB_4-00309-00083032-00083119 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00310-00083120-00083311 you know what we see there is a picture
nj5_4PKBB_4-00311-00083312-00083679 where there is a slight decline in the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00312-00083680-00083926 amount of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00313-00083927-00084143 movement towards
nj5_4PKBB_4-00314-00084144-00084367 developed countries
nj5_4PKBB_4-00315-00084368-00084703 european union still very important
nj5_4PKBB_4-00316-00084704-00084991 the growth in developing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00317-00084992-00085206 share of developing countries
nj5_4PKBB_4-00318-00085207-00085494 but contrast the share of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00319-00085495-00085767 mobile investment of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00320-00085768-00085935 southeast asia
nj5_4PKBB_4-00321-00085936-00086118 which is mainly accounted for actually
nj5_4PKBB_4-00322-00086119-00086287 by china
nj5_4PKBB_4-00323-00086288-00086455 and the entire
nj5_4PKBB_4-00324-00086456-00086687 african subcontinent
nj5_4PKBB_4-00325-00086688-00086767 which
nj5_4PKBB_4-00326-00086768-00087079 accounts for under percent and even that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00327-00087080-00087431 is concentrated in a very small number
nj5_4PKBB_4-00328-00087432-00087694 of countries
nj5_4PKBB_4-00329-00087695-00087935 so that's an interesting but fairly
nj5_4PKBB_4-00330-00087936-00088326 imperfect look at flows of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00331-00088327-00088479 foreign investment
nj5_4PKBB_4-00332-00088480-00088735 perhaps what's a bit more interesting
nj5_4PKBB_4-00333-00088736-00089047 if we look at for last year
nj5_4PKBB_4-00334-00089048-00089247 what were the the top
nj5_4PKBB_4-00335-00089248-00089518 15 countries and still
nj5_4PKBB_4-00336-00089519-00089847 the us is right at the top
nj5_4PKBB_4-00337-00089848-00090199 in terms of receiving um inward foreign
nj5_4PKBB_4-00338-00090200-00090582 direct investment followed by china and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00339-00090583-00090871 um and russia
nj5_4PKBB_4-00340-00090872-00091082 quite a lot of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00341-00091083-00091271 things that are rather distorting if you
nj5_4PKBB_4-00342-00091272-00091550 take brazil in australia i think a large
nj5_4PKBB_4-00343-00091551-00091806 amount of that would be accounted for by
nj5_4PKBB_4-00344-00091807-00092031 chinese foreign direct investment in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00345-00092032-00092423 their whole complex of resources
nj5_4PKBB_4-00346-00092424-00092775 but very interesting um the united
nj5_4PKBB_4-00347-00092776-00092959 kingdom and ireland
nj5_4PKBB_4-00348-00092960-00093167 still quite significant players and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00349-00093168-00093423 before i came out i just checked what
nj5_4PKBB_4-00350-00093424-00093655 the population of ireland is has four
nj5_4PKBB_4-00351-00093656-00093782 million people
nj5_4PKBB_4-00352-00093783-00094015 at four million people it's in tenth
nj5_4PKBB_4-00353-00094016-00094111 place
nj5_4PKBB_4-00354-00094112-00094279 and that's because it's very much an
nj5_4PKBB_4-00355-00094280-00094591 economy that's dominated by
nj5_4PKBB_4-00356-00094592-00094711 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00357-00094712-00095023 foreign uh transnational corporations in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00358-00095024-00095567 things like it
nj5_4PKBB_4-00359-00095568-00095743 and so on
nj5_4PKBB_4-00360-00095744-00095943 so that's quite quite an interesting
nj5_4PKBB_4-00361-00095944-00096238 picture as well and again it underlines
nj5_4PKBB_4-00362-00096239-00096406 the way that china
nj5_4PKBB_4-00363-00096407-00096511 really
nj5_4PKBB_4-00364-00096512-00096887 distorts any flows to southeast asia and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00365-00096888-00097447 completely dominate them
nj5_4PKBB_4-00366-00097448-00097638 finally and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00367-00097639-00097935 i just thought using uh world trade
nj5_4PKBB_4-00368-00097936-00098191 organization statistics it was worth
nj5_4PKBB_4-00369-00098192-00098382 looking at what was happening
nj5_4PKBB_4-00370-00098383-00098743 in a number of different sectors
nj5_4PKBB_4-00371-00098744-00098903 and just running through them very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00372-00098904-00099167 quickly in iron and steel we can see
nj5_4PKBB_4-00373-00099168-00099350 there's been a definite
nj5_4PKBB_4-00374-00099351-00099647 shift towards production in china
nj5_4PKBB_4-00375-00099648-00099950 that's also very true of integrated
nj5_4PKBB_4-00376-00099951-00100182 circuits
nj5_4PKBB_4-00377-00100183-00100526 clothing um quite an interesting picture
nj5_4PKBB_4-00378-00100527-00100815 because europe has actually increased
nj5_4PKBB_4-00379-00100816-00101150 its share of exports and clothing partly
nj5_4PKBB_4-00380-00101151-00101399 because production has shifted from the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00381-00101400-00101623 core countries to some of the more
nj5_4PKBB_4-00382-00101624-00101862 peripheral countries
nj5_4PKBB_4-00383-00101863-00102055 but then you look at
nj5_4PKBB_4-00384-00102056-00102206 cars
nj5_4PKBB_4-00385-00102207-00102478 you look at pharmaceuticals then those
nj5_4PKBB_4-00386-00102479-00102910 are completely still dominated by the uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-00387-00102911-00103271 by the european union
nj5_4PKBB_4-00388-00103272-00103463 so those are the big picture but what
nj5_4PKBB_4-00389-00103464-00103710 i'm going to go on to talk about later
nj5_4PKBB_4-00390-00103711-00103918 on is how
nj5_4PKBB_4-00391-00103919-00104134 within that big picture there are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00392-00104135-00104399 tensions there are contradictions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00393-00104400-00104702 and that um there could be all sorts of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00394-00104703-00104975 uh reversals and we should just be
nj5_4PKBB_4-00395-00104976-00105439 cautious about what we read of that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00396-00105440-00105599 now
nj5_4PKBB_4-00397-00105600-00105863 i could have done a picture of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00398-00105864-00106071 circuits of capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00399-00106072-00106319 but in fact i've just put up four
nj5_4PKBB_4-00400-00106320-00106558 pictures instead
nj5_4PKBB_4-00401-00106559-00106943 um accounts of the mobility of capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00402-00106944-00107343 i would argue are confined to a very few
nj5_4PKBB_4-00403-00107344-00107647 sections of capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00404-00107648-00107958 but part of capitalist production
nj5_4PKBB_4-00405-00107959-00108399 requires jobs resources and investment
nj5_4PKBB_4-00406-00108400-00108727 in terms of social reproduction
nj5_4PKBB_4-00407-00108728-00109086 in terms of training education
nj5_4PKBB_4-00408-00109088-00109215 skills
nj5_4PKBB_4-00409-00109216-00109343 and health
nj5_4PKBB_4-00410-00109344-00109471 because
nj5_4PKBB_4-00411-00109472-00109575 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00412-00109576-00109839 investing in those is absolutely
nj5_4PKBB_4-00413-00109840-00109983 critical
nj5_4PKBB_4-00414-00109983-00110199 for competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-00415-00110200-00110399 whether it's the if you have social
nj5_4PKBB_4-00416-00110400-00110683 reproduction or whether it's physical
nj5_4PKBB_4-00417-00110683-00110847 investment
nj5_4PKBB_4-00418-00110848-00111151 so a whole raft of jobs to do with
nj5_4PKBB_4-00419-00111152-00111327 physical investment whether it's
nj5_4PKBB_4-00420-00111328-00111590 airports or roads
nj5_4PKBB_4-00421-00111591-00111910 are fixed those jobs are by definition
nj5_4PKBB_4-00422-00111911-00112086 fixed in one place
nj5_4PKBB_4-00423-00112088-00112190 as are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00424-00112191-00112383 jobs to do with
nj5_4PKBB_4-00425-00112383-00112686 um care for the elderly
nj5_4PKBB_4-00426-00112688-00113031 schools education and so on
nj5_4PKBB_4-00427-00113032-00113278 um one thing that i won't take up i
nj5_4PKBB_4-00428-00113279-00113519 think joseph chinara might take up later
nj5_4PKBB_4-00429-00113520-00113839 on is we have to understand where those
nj5_4PKBB_4-00430-00113840-00113975 jobs fit
nj5_4PKBB_4-00431-00113976-00114110 into
nj5_4PKBB_4-00432-00114111-00114399 an account of surplus value and our
nj5_4PKBB_4-00433-00114400-00114623 understanding of class because some
nj5_4PKBB_4-00434-00114624-00114958 people sideline those in some way as as
nj5_4PKBB_4-00435-00114959-00115319 being less less important
nj5_4PKBB_4-00436-00115320-00115534 there are a whole range of other jobs to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00437-00115535-00115751 do with call centers that are super
nj5_4PKBB_4-00438-00115752-00116078 mobile it doesn't take much to move
nj5_4PKBB_4-00439-00116079-00116407 those jobs to other parts of the world
nj5_4PKBB_4-00440-00116408-00116486 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00441-00116488-00116831 things like manufacturing in cars are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00442-00116832-00117254 relatively relatively more mobile
nj5_4PKBB_4-00443-00117255-00117510 so although i've chosen to do it by
nj5_4PKBB_4-00444-00117511-00117743 photographs rather than a diagram of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00445-00117744-00117927 circuits of capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00446-00117928-00118158 if we are looking at class if we're
nj5_4PKBB_4-00447-00118159-00118327 looking at jobs if we're looking at
nj5_4PKBB_4-00448-00118328-00118486 where people work
nj5_4PKBB_4-00449-00118488-00118799 we have to understand the totality of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00450-00118800-00118902 capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00451-00118903-00119215 rather than understand it in terms of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00452-00119216-00119319 simply
nj5_4PKBB_4-00453-00119320-00120231 a few sections
nj5_4PKBB_4-00454-00120232-00120319 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-00455-00120320-00120423 even
nj5_4PKBB_4-00456-00120424-00120758 mobile capital faces
nj5_4PKBB_4-00457-00120759-00120871 a whole
nj5_4PKBB_4-00458-00120872-00121047 number of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00459-00121048-00121254 constraints
nj5_4PKBB_4-00460-00121255-00121551 so clothing electronics
nj5_4PKBB_4-00461-00121552-00121751 computer software
nj5_4PKBB_4-00462-00121752-00122054 those are not know automatically and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00463-00122055-00122231 necessarily
nj5_4PKBB_4-00464-00122232-00122454 related in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00465-00122455-00122607 low-wage
nj5_4PKBB_4-00466-00122608-00122902 economies there's a whole raft
nj5_4PKBB_4-00467-00122903-00123054 of costs
nj5_4PKBB_4-00468-00123055-00123375 of calculations that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00469-00123376-00123543 if you like capitalists take into
nj5_4PKBB_4-00470-00123544-00123654 account
nj5_4PKBB_4-00471-00123655-00123927 when deciding where to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00472-00123928-00124031 locate
nj5_4PKBB_4-00473-00124032-00124119 uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-00474-00124120-00124351 locate particular
nj5_4PKBB_4-00475-00124352-00124502 particular
nj5_4PKBB_4-00476-00124503-00124719 bits of production
nj5_4PKBB_4-00477-00124720-00125023 and for example if you take the case of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00478-00125024-00125166 autos
nj5_4PKBB_4-00479-00125167-00125431 cars and vehicles
nj5_4PKBB_4-00480-00125432-00125527 then
nj5_4PKBB_4-00481-00125528-00125695 those are actually
nj5_4PKBB_4-00482-00125696-00125783 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00483-00125783-00126063 demand very high some costs now if
nj5_4PKBB_4-00484-00126064-00126263 you're moving
nj5_4PKBB_4-00485-00126264-00126423 a call center
nj5_4PKBB_4-00486-00126424-00126647 i guess the costs are pretty low
nj5_4PKBB_4-00487-00126648-00126910 if you're building a new car factory
nj5_4PKBB_4-00488-00126911-00127214 then that actually you're committing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00489-00127215-00127390 capital for
nj5_4PKBB_4-00490-00127391-00127495 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00491-00127496-00127814 really quite a number of decades
nj5_4PKBB_4-00492-00127815-00128023 before you would think about moving
nj5_4PKBB_4-00493-00128024-00128183 again
nj5_4PKBB_4-00494-00128183-00128454 so rather than seeing in the in the car
nj5_4PKBB_4-00495-00128455-00128671 industry rather than seeing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00496-00128672-00128823 uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-00497-00128824-00129295 production simply moving to um simply
nj5_4PKBB_4-00498-00129296-00129607 moving to low-cost economies it's much
nj5_4PKBB_4-00499-00129608-00129863 more organized regionally
nj5_4PKBB_4-00500-00129864-00130143 so if you look at the american industry
nj5_4PKBB_4-00501-00130144-00130423 it's a very complex organization between
nj5_4PKBB_4-00502-00130424-00130543 the north
nj5_4PKBB_4-00503-00130544-00130783 the south of america with the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00504-00130783-00131039 ironically named right to work states
nj5_4PKBB_4-00505-00131040-00131414 where wages are much cheaper and workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00506-00131415-00131759 at the moment less organized in mexico
nj5_4PKBB_4-00507-00131760-00132031 if you look at japan
nj5_4PKBB_4-00508-00132032-00132247 then japan
nj5_4PKBB_4-00509-00132248-00132511 operates quite sophisticated just in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00510-00132512-00132847 time systems around countries in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00511-00132848-00133063 southeast asia
nj5_4PKBB_4-00512-00133064-00133407 and in the european union over um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00513-00133408-00133743 a period of time there has been a shift
nj5_4PKBB_4-00514-00133744-00133902 of some
nj5_4PKBB_4-00515-00133903-00134302 car production especially to hungary to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00516-00134303-00134663 poland to the czech republic and so on
nj5_4PKBB_4-00517-00134664-00134814 but actually they are still not the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00518-00134815-00135047 major producer of cars the major
nj5_4PKBB_4-00519-00135048-00135319 producers of cars in europe
nj5_4PKBB_4-00520-00135320-00135502 are france
nj5_4PKBB_4-00521-00135503-00135839 spain and the uk
nj5_4PKBB_4-00522-00135840-00135927 not
nj5_4PKBB_4-00523-00135928-00136119 not the cheapest
nj5_4PKBB_4-00524-00136120-00136302 well actually i want to talk about the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00525-00136303-00136519 uk becoming a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00526-00136520-00136639 a cheap
nj5_4PKBB_4-00527-00136640-00137143 location later on
nj5_4PKBB_4-00528-00137144-00137287 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-00529-00137288-00137502 to finish that point
nj5_4PKBB_4-00530-00137503-00137735 i think two things two things are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00531-00137736-00137935 important
nj5_4PKBB_4-00532-00137936-00138135 firstly when we talk about
nj5_4PKBB_4-00533-00138136-00138335 our capital we are talking about a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00534-00138336-00138678 subset of capital there are sways of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00535-00138679-00138863 capital that are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00536-00138864-00139166 fixed in one place
nj5_4PKBB_4-00537-00139167-00139278 in fact
nj5_4PKBB_4-00538-00139279-00139471 if i had longer there's a very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00539-00139472-00139751 interesting relationship about about
nj5_4PKBB_4-00540-00139752-00140007 migration foreign direct investment that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00541-00140008-00140083 some
nj5_4PKBB_4-00542-00140084-00140239 capitals
nj5_4PKBB_4-00543-00140240-00140575 look for lower costs other capitals when
nj5_4PKBB_4-00544-00140576-00140902 they're fixed actually try and bring
nj5_4PKBB_4-00545-00140903-00141151 workers in from other countries to do
nj5_4PKBB_4-00546-00141152-00141502 some of the worst-paid jobs for example
nj5_4PKBB_4-00547-00141503-00141695 in healthcare
nj5_4PKBB_4-00548-00141696-00142031 and secondly that even where capital is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00549-00142032-00142151 mobile
nj5_4PKBB_4-00550-00142152-00142375 it faces constraints
nj5_4PKBB_4-00551-00142376-00142614 and it is only a small number of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00552-00142615-00142823 sections particularly
nj5_4PKBB_4-00553-00142824-00143039 clothing footwear
nj5_4PKBB_4-00554-00143040-00143190 electronics
nj5_4PKBB_4-00555-00143191-00143519 that are completely mobile and we we
nj5_4PKBB_4-00556-00143520-00143623 have to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00557-00143624-00143871 understand that when we're looking at
nj5_4PKBB_4-00558-00143872-00144447 what the emerging patterns are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00559-00144448-00144623 now
nj5_4PKBB_4-00560-00144624-00144902 the second argument that i want to turn
nj5_4PKBB_4-00561-00144903-00145078 to is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00562-00145079-00145302 the way that in debates about
nj5_4PKBB_4-00563-00145303-00145526 globalization
nj5_4PKBB_4-00564-00145527-00145783 the state has been
nj5_4PKBB_4-00565-00145784-00145999 not in every account but the state has
nj5_4PKBB_4-00566-00146000-00146423 been either written out or downplayed
nj5_4PKBB_4-00567-00146424-00146878 similarly in accounts of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00568-00146879-00147102 near neo-liberalism
nj5_4PKBB_4-00569-00147103-00147423 the state tends to be sidelined
nj5_4PKBB_4-00570-00147424-00147678 but what i want to argue is although the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00571-00147679-00147919 role of the state might change
nj5_4PKBB_4-00572-00147920-00148287 it is absolutely central and pivotal
nj5_4PKBB_4-00573-00148288-00148535 to the accumulation of capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00574-00148536-00148735 and uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-00575-00148736-00148847 i've
nj5_4PKBB_4-00576-00148848-00149071 put up another straw man
nj5_4PKBB_4-00577-00149072-00149414 here to to knock down but this is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00578-00149415-00149711 uh indicative of some of the arguments
nj5_4PKBB_4-00579-00149712-00149902 that are put forward
nj5_4PKBB_4-00580-00149903-00150214 the economic globalization increasing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00581-00150215-00150551 increasingly imposes on the world a new
nj5_4PKBB_4-00582-00150552-00150902 pattern of territorial specialization
nj5_4PKBB_4-00583-00150903-00151199 organized by global markets
nj5_4PKBB_4-00584-00151200-00151487 organized by global markets not by
nj5_4PKBB_4-00585-00151488-00151654 nation states
nj5_4PKBB_4-00586-00151655-00151887 the free flow of factors of production
nj5_4PKBB_4-00587-00151888-00152254 have created a single world economy
nj5_4PKBB_4-00588-00152255-00152439 now what i'm going to argue is that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00589-00152440-00152631 there is not
nj5_4PKBB_4-00590-00152632-00153063 a free flow of factors of production
nj5_4PKBB_4-00591-00153064-00153271 that markets don't exist as some
nj5_4PKBB_4-00592-00153272-00153487 abstract concept
nj5_4PKBB_4-00593-00153488-00153759 they are constructed
nj5_4PKBB_4-00594-00153760-00153943 and the state is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00595-00153944-00154335 absolutely pivotal in them in a number
nj5_4PKBB_4-00596-00154336-00154511 of ways
nj5_4PKBB_4-00597-00154512-00154639 but still
nj5_4PKBB_4-00598-00154640-00154954 the state is the territorial
nj5_4PKBB_4-00599-00154955-00155111 organization
nj5_4PKBB_4-00600-00155112-00155214 that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00601-00155215-00155326 frames
nj5_4PKBB_4-00602-00155327-00155678 a fixed geographical environment
nj5_4PKBB_4-00603-00155679-00155999 in which accumulation takes place which
nj5_4PKBB_4-00604-00156000-00156087 leads
nj5_4PKBB_4-00605-00156088-00156326 to interstate
nj5_4PKBB_4-00606-00156327-00156454 rivalry
nj5_4PKBB_4-00607-00156455-00156647 in terms of producing the best
nj5_4PKBB_4-00608-00156648-00156775 conditions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00609-00156776-00156895 for
nj5_4PKBB_4-00610-00156896-00157135 for accumulation
nj5_4PKBB_4-00611-00157136-00157390 just to reduce that to some fairly
nj5_4PKBB_4-00612-00157391-00157607 simple ideas
nj5_4PKBB_4-00613-00157608-00157854 the state has to provide
nj5_4PKBB_4-00614-00157855-00158223 physical infrastructure transport energy
nj5_4PKBB_4-00615-00158224-00158366 air force
nj5_4PKBB_4-00616-00158367-00158519 it has to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00617-00158520-00158847 produce the institutional architecture
nj5_4PKBB_4-00618-00158848-00159063 in terms of the relationship
nj5_4PKBB_4-00619-00159064-00159366 between capitals on its own territory
nj5_4PKBB_4-00620-00159367-00159599 what the rules are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00621-00159600-00159871 the legal structures are what the rules
nj5_4PKBB_4-00622-00159872-00160102 are between capital and labor which
nj5_4PKBB_4-00623-00160103-00160247 usually
nj5_4PKBB_4-00624-00160248-00160502 which are always in favor of capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00625-00160503-00160775 rather than labor but need to engender
nj5_4PKBB_4-00626-00160776-00160878 some
nj5_4PKBB_4-00627-00160879-00161083 basic
nj5_4PKBB_4-00628-00161084-00161383 protections they provide the conditions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00629-00161384-00161639 for the reproduction and enhancement of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00630-00161640-00161751 labour
nj5_4PKBB_4-00631-00161752-00161966 so that for example
nj5_4PKBB_4-00632-00161967-00162263 universities these days
nj5_4PKBB_4-00633-00162264-00162431 not only in the uk
nj5_4PKBB_4-00634-00162432-00162671 are seen as business organizations
nj5_4PKBB_4-00635-00162672-00162975 business spacing that actually churns
nj5_4PKBB_4-00636-00162976-00163319 out graduates who are going to raise the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00637-00163320-00163663 productivity of capital within its own
nj5_4PKBB_4-00638-00163664-00163983 boundaries so notions of learning
nj5_4PKBB_4-00639-00163984-00164247 and education and critical thinking of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00640-00164248-00164559 course are sidelined
nj5_4PKBB_4-00641-00164560-00164807 and very importantly you know very very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00642-00164808-00164935 importantly
nj5_4PKBB_4-00643-00164936-00165159 nation states
nj5_4PKBB_4-00644-00165160-00165278 bargain
nj5_4PKBB_4-00645-00165279-00165535 with other nation states in order to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00646-00165536-00165799 protect their own sections of capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00647-00165800-00166007 and they do that through
nj5_4PKBB_4-00648-00166008-00166302 long rounds of negotiations the world
nj5_4PKBB_4-00649-00166303-00166495 trade organizations
nj5_4PKBB_4-00650-00166496-00166775 so as we'll see later on
nj5_4PKBB_4-00651-00166776-00166887 that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00652-00166888-00167087 they're fans of hostile brothers who
nj5_4PKBB_4-00653-00167088-00167471 sometimes cooperate and sometimes
nj5_4PKBB_4-00654-00167472-00167783 sometimes
nj5_4PKBB_4-00655-00167784-00167975 are aggressive and compete with each
nj5_4PKBB_4-00656-00167976-00168295 other
nj5_4PKBB_4-00657-00168296-00168678 but beyond that beyond those very basic
nj5_4PKBB_4-00658-00168679-00168863 functions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00659-00168864-00169190 every nation state and actually many
nj5_4PKBB_4-00660-00169191-00169671 regions are engaged in subsidy wars that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00661-00169672-00170023 every country every region competes
nj5_4PKBB_4-00662-00170024-00170183 very fiercely
nj5_4PKBB_4-00663-00170184-00170526 to try and win any mobile capital to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00664-00170527-00170799 within its own boundaries and to keep
nj5_4PKBB_4-00665-00170800-00171135 what it already what it already um what
nj5_4PKBB_4-00666-00171136-00171423 it already has there
nj5_4PKBB_4-00667-00171424-00171647 in fact there's a whole industry whole
nj5_4PKBB_4-00668-00171648-00171935 industries around regional
nj5_4PKBB_4-00669-00171936-00172063 development
nj5_4PKBB_4-00670-00172064-00172463 organizations who try to um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00671-00172464-00172807 who tried to court and attract um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00672-00172808-00172983 attract capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00673-00172984-00173214 to the extent that for example when i
nj5_4PKBB_4-00674-00173215-00173463 was looking at poland general motors
nj5_4PKBB_4-00675-00173464-00173647 said that they were going to go and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00676-00173648-00173926 locate their opal factory there
nj5_4PKBB_4-00677-00173927-00174151 and there were some special economic
nj5_4PKBB_4-00678-00174152-00174287 zones
nj5_4PKBB_4-00679-00174288-00174502 places with high unemployment
nj5_4PKBB_4-00680-00174503-00174895 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00681-00174896-00175054 general motors didn't like the look of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00682-00175055-00175263 any of those places so the polish
nj5_4PKBB_4-00683-00175264-00175423 government created
nj5_4PKBB_4-00684-00175424-00175695 a special economic zone especially for
nj5_4PKBB_4-00685-00175696-00175975 them so that's the power of some of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00686-00175976-00176399 some of the larger firms
nj5_4PKBB_4-00687-00176400-00176559 i don't know why i chose this but the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00688-00176560-00176790 film industry is quite interesting there
nj5_4PKBB_4-00689-00176791-00176966 is intense
nj5_4PKBB_4-00690-00176967-00177151 intense competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-00691-00177152-00177375 to try and attract
nj5_4PKBB_4-00692-00177376-00177575 sections of the film industry to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00693-00177576-00177695 particular
nj5_4PKBB_4-00694-00177696-00177831 continents
nj5_4PKBB_4-00695-00177832-00177975 north america
nj5_4PKBB_4-00696-00177976-00178238 europe new zealand and australia
nj5_4PKBB_4-00697-00178239-00178447 and within those places
nj5_4PKBB_4-00698-00178448-00178766 intense competition within europe to try
nj5_4PKBB_4-00699-00178767-00179247 and get um to try and get location there
nj5_4PKBB_4-00700-00179248-00179551 so to the extent that for example in new
nj5_4PKBB_4-00701-00179552-00179823 zealand new line cinema which made lord
nj5_4PKBB_4-00702-00179824-00179966 of the rings
nj5_4PKBB_4-00703-00179967-00180247 uh managed to clock up tax rate tax
nj5_4PKBB_4-00704-00180248-00180526 breaks of about three to four hundred
nj5_4PKBB_4-00705-00180527-00180702 million dollars
nj5_4PKBB_4-00706-00180703-00180887 and then that wasn't quite enough for
nj5_4PKBB_4-00707-00180888-00181102 them so they said well
nj5_4PKBB_4-00708-00181103-00181351 actually we'd like some more subsidies
nj5_4PKBB_4-00709-00181352-00181543 and we're not very keen on the labor
nj5_4PKBB_4-00710-00181544-00181847 legislation so we want to change you to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00711-00181848-00181975 change that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00712-00181976-00182399 so it's more uh more in the favor of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00713-00182400-00182687 profit and capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-00714-00182688-00182966 so um you know that's one particular
nj5_4PKBB_4-00715-00182967-00183278 example if you look in america
nj5_4PKBB_4-00716-00183279-00183535 if you look in america you can see that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00717-00183536-00183766 40 states
nj5_4PKBB_4-00718-00183767-00184063 spent 1.4 billion on tax credits
nj5_4PKBB_4-00719-00184064-00184247 write-offs grants
nj5_4PKBB_4-00720-00184248-00184559 and so on and only six states
nj5_4PKBB_4-00721-00184560-00184743 weren't offering
nj5_4PKBB_4-00722-00184744-00184983 concessions to movie production so at
nj5_4PKBB_4-00723-00184984-00185175 the moment
nj5_4PKBB_4-00724-00185176-00185487 one of the most popular areas is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00725-00185488-00185719 is louisiana
nj5_4PKBB_4-00726-00185720-00185902 so these um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00727-00185903-00186319 these film companies don't simply arrive
nj5_4PKBB_4-00728-00186320-00186638 they negotiate intensely with national
nj5_4PKBB_4-00729-00186639-00186823 and local states local states
nj5_4PKBB_4-00730-00186824-00187111 particularly to extract the best
nj5_4PKBB_4-00731-00187112-00187426 possible deal that they can
nj5_4PKBB_4-00732-00187427-00187823 get um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00733-00187824-00188159 i think it's very ironic that america
nj5_4PKBB_4-00734-00188160-00188511 uh markets american capitalism markets
nj5_4PKBB_4-00735-00188512-00188711 itself as the you know the land of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00736-00188712-00189063 free the land of free markets the land
nj5_4PKBB_4-00737-00189064-00189231 of competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-00738-00189232-00189463 whereas actually the reality
nj5_4PKBB_4-00739-00189464-00189807 of how american capitalism functions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00740-00189808-00190087 that could be hardly further from the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00741-00190088-00190343 truth and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00742-00190344-00190559 i've just taken a quote from global
nj5_4PKBB_4-00743-00190560-00190702 shift by
nj5_4PKBB_4-00744-00190703-00190854 peter
nj5_4PKBB_4-00745-00190855-00191087 and he quotes the chairman of a large
nj5_4PKBB_4-00746-00191088-00191302 swiss group that says
nj5_4PKBB_4-00747-00191303-00191511 talking about america
nj5_4PKBB_4-00748-00191512-00191766 states are more willing to pay new roads
nj5_4PKBB_4-00749-00191767-00192095 retrain workers offer huge tax breaks
nj5_4PKBB_4-00750-00192096-00192343 that is a competitive package that not
nj5_4PKBB_4-00751-00192344-00192599 many parts of the world match when you
nj5_4PKBB_4-00752-00192600-00192887 look at how productive u.s workers are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00753-00192888-00193087 and where the dollar is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00754-00193088-00193375 so it's not even that america is one
nj5_4PKBB_4-00755-00193376-00193550 amongst many countries that provide
nj5_4PKBB_4-00756-00193551-00193871 subsidies they are actually very very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00757-00193872-00193966 high
nj5_4PKBB_4-00758-00193967-00194054 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-00759-00194055-00194278 you could look through semi-conductors
nj5_4PKBB_4-00760-00194279-00194535 which haven't all gone to china you
nj5_4PKBB_4-00761-00194536-00194759 could look at the car industry
nj5_4PKBB_4-00762-00194760-00195023 both of those receive huge
nj5_4PKBB_4-00763-00195024-00195295 subsidies and particularly there is an
nj5_4PKBB_4-00764-00195296-00195599 emerging pattern of those industries
nj5_4PKBB_4-00765-00195600-00195711 going to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00766-00195712-00195983 parts of the american south as i said
nj5_4PKBB_4-00767-00195984-00196238 where wages are cheaper and workers at
nj5_4PKBB_4-00768-00196239-00196366 the moment
nj5_4PKBB_4-00769-00196367-00196702 are less organized
nj5_4PKBB_4-00770-00196703-00196943 it doesn't stop there because as i said
nj5_4PKBB_4-00771-00196944-00197095 earlier
nj5_4PKBB_4-00772-00197096-00197350 in order to shape global divisions of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00773-00197351-00197663 labor
nj5_4PKBB_4-00774-00197664-00197926 the national capitalist class
nj5_4PKBB_4-00775-00197927-00198014 are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00776-00198015-00198295 fight very hard to organize the rules of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00777-00198296-00198575 trade in their own interests
nj5_4PKBB_4-00778-00198576-00198671 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00779-00198672-00198926 what you've had is you had a fall
nj5_4PKBB_4-00780-00198927-00199183 into things like tariffs and import
nj5_4PKBB_4-00781-00199184-00199519 quotas and at the same time a rise in
nj5_4PKBB_4-00782-00199520-00199871 something called anti-dumping
nj5_4PKBB_4-00783-00199872-00200166 duties this is a new form
nj5_4PKBB_4-00784-00200167-00200463 of protectionism
nj5_4PKBB_4-00785-00200464-00200647 the way that it worked is basically it
nj5_4PKBB_4-00786-00200648-00200847 was written by the european union and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00787-00200848-00200959 america
nj5_4PKBB_4-00788-00200960-00201238 if they decide that china or india or
nj5_4PKBB_4-00789-00201239-00201471 somewhere else is making goods too
nj5_4PKBB_4-00790-00201472-00201799 cheaply it's not scientific not at all
nj5_4PKBB_4-00791-00201800-00202014 then they are deemed to be unfair
nj5_4PKBB_4-00792-00202015-00202319 competitors and they put attacks on them
nj5_4PKBB_4-00793-00202320-00202631 to stop them competing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00794-00202632-00202871 similarly currency wars if you follow
nj5_4PKBB_4-00795-00202872-00203111 the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00796-00203112-00203335 sort of rhetoric fired from china and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00797-00203336-00203438 america
nj5_4PKBB_4-00798-00203439-00203678 the us accuses china of keeping the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00799-00203679-00203878 remittance
nj5_4PKBB_4-00800-00203879-00204047 artificially low
nj5_4PKBB_4-00801-00204048-00204119 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00802-00204120-00204319 china say well you've got quantitative
nj5_4PKBB_4-00803-00204320-00204519 easing and you kept the dollar
nj5_4PKBB_4-00804-00204520-00204719 artificially so
nj5_4PKBB_4-00805-00204720-00205175 a whole ways in which um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00806-00205176-00205351 in which countries can intervene and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00807-00205352-00205510 anti-dumping
nj5_4PKBB_4-00808-00205511-00205838 is a very useful
nj5_4PKBB_4-00809-00205839-00206038 tool for the capitalist classes because
nj5_4PKBB_4-00810-00206039-00206223 they can simply target
nj5_4PKBB_4-00811-00206223-00206486 any sector they don't like in another
nj5_4PKBB_4-00812-00206487-00206590 country
nj5_4PKBB_4-00813-00206591-00206742 and impose
nj5_4PKBB_4-00814-00206744-00207286 tariffs and taxes on them
nj5_4PKBB_4-00815-00207287-00207486 okay so
nj5_4PKBB_4-00816-00207487-00207742 i hope that it's
nj5_4PKBB_4-00817-00207744-00207951 clear from what i've argued that far
nj5_4PKBB_4-00818-00207952-00208166 from the state
nj5_4PKBB_4-00819-00208167-00208462 sitting on the sidelines the state plays
nj5_4PKBB_4-00820-00208463-00208766 a pivotal role in a whole number of ways
nj5_4PKBB_4-00821-00208767-00209094 in terms of influencing production that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00822-00209096-00209438 takes place within its geographical
nj5_4PKBB_4-00823-00209439-00209806 geographical boundaries
nj5_4PKBB_4-00824-00209807-00210006 now the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00825-00210007-00210231 third argument
nj5_4PKBB_4-00826-00210232-00210455 that i want to come to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00827-00210456-00210687 i think is very important
nj5_4PKBB_4-00828-00210688-00210806 is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00829-00210807-00210919 that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00830-00210919-00211063 when
nj5_4PKBB_4-00831-00211064-00211223 firms move
nj5_4PKBB_4-00832-00211223-00211551 to other countries on the basis of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00833-00211552-00211775 low costs
nj5_4PKBB_4-00834-00211776-00211975 and i'm talking about costs
nj5_4PKBB_4-00835-00211976-00212223 as a package
nj5_4PKBB_4-00836-00212223-00212342 then
nj5_4PKBB_4-00837-00212344-00212487 those
nj5_4PKBB_4-00838-00212488-00212839 advantages can only be if you like a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00839-00212840-00213055 temporary fix
nj5_4PKBB_4-00840-00213056-00213406 for the problem of competition and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00841-00213407-00213598 falling profits
nj5_4PKBB_4-00842-00213600-00213782 because
nj5_4PKBB_4-00843-00213783-00214263 decisions that firms make individually
nj5_4PKBB_4-00844-00214264-00214551 change the dynamic and collectively what
nj5_4PKBB_4-00845-00214552-00214871 they do is in turn
nj5_4PKBB_4-00846-00214871-00215119 change the relative cost of production
nj5_4PKBB_4-00847-00215119-00215494 and i'll talk about this later on as the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00848-00215496-00215682 contradiction
nj5_4PKBB_4-00849-00215683-00215919 between um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00850-00215919-00216167 wanting to differentiate
nj5_4PKBB_4-00851-00216167-00216375 between different locations
nj5_4PKBB_4-00852-00216376-00216567 and the propulsion
nj5_4PKBB_4-00853-00216567-00216887 for profit to be equalized
nj5_4PKBB_4-00854-00216888-00217423 so any sort of firms and bosses managers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00855-00217423-00217758 take a decision in isolation not knowing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00856-00217759-00217975 what other firms are doing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00857-00217976-00218206 and by doing that individually
nj5_4PKBB_4-00858-00218207-00218446 collectively they change
nj5_4PKBB_4-00859-00218448-00218742 the dynamic and the relative cost of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00860-00218744-00219015 locations and i'm just going to use the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00861-00219016-00219255 very concrete example of that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00862-00219256-00219951 of of china
nj5_4PKBB_4-00863-00219952-00220103 now
nj5_4PKBB_4-00864-00220104-00220431 people talk about the 21st century as
nj5_4PKBB_4-00865-00220432-00220506 the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00866-00220507-00220798 the century of china
nj5_4PKBB_4-00867-00220800-00220967 and undoubtedly
nj5_4PKBB_4-00868-00220967-00221282 the growth rates in china are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00869-00221283-00221582 absolutely eye-watering they are
nj5_4PKBB_4-00870-00221583-00221742 enormous
nj5_4PKBB_4-00871-00221744-00221871 however
nj5_4PKBB_4-00872-00221871-00222263 there are really emerging contradictions
nj5_4PKBB_4-00873-00222264-00222815 tensions and problems within that model
nj5_4PKBB_4-00874-00222816-00223063 because there is no longer
nj5_4PKBB_4-00875-00223064-00223158 the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00876-00223159-00223510 endless stream of very compliant
nj5_4PKBB_4-00877-00223511-00223839 migrant workers who will do monotonous
nj5_4PKBB_4-00878-00223840-00224063 and exhausting work
nj5_4PKBB_4-00879-00224064-00224239 and labor markets now
nj5_4PKBB_4-00880-00224240-00224479 are incredibly tight
nj5_4PKBB_4-00881-00224480-00224567 with
nj5_4PKBB_4-00882-00224567-00224894 actually more vacancies than workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00883-00224896-00225046 looking for work
nj5_4PKBB_4-00884-00225048-00225319 and as we'll talk about later on a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00885-00225319-00225663 growing confidence of workers not to put
nj5_4PKBB_4-00886-00225664-00225863 up with the paying conditions they're
nj5_4PKBB_4-00887-00225864-00225975 offered
nj5_4PKBB_4-00888-00225976-00226182 so over the last two weeks there have
nj5_4PKBB_4-00889-00226183-00226455 been 40 000 workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00890-00226456-00226606 on strike
nj5_4PKBB_4-00891-00226607-00226951 asking for better wages better benefits
nj5_4PKBB_4-00892-00226952-00227255 better conditions of work and that's
nj5_4PKBB_4-00893-00227256-00227439 only one strike
nj5_4PKBB_4-00894-00227440-00227519 the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00895-00227519-00227871 increase in protests and strikes
nj5_4PKBB_4-00896-00227871-00228110 particularly amongst the migrant workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00897-00228111-00228263 who
nj5_4PKBB_4-00898-00228264-00228479 who produce things in the factory is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00899-00228480-00228855 absolutely enormous
nj5_4PKBB_4-00900-00228856-00229031 but what that does
nj5_4PKBB_4-00901-00229032-00229327 is in terms of a location
nj5_4PKBB_4-00902-00229328-00229575 where
nj5_4PKBB_4-00903-00229576-00229846 companies can resolve the problems that
nj5_4PKBB_4-00904-00229848-00230198 they have of our profits
nj5_4PKBB_4-00905-00230200-00230463 then it means that that location over a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00906-00230464-00230791 period of time actually yields
nj5_4PKBB_4-00907-00230792-00230991 less money and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00908-00230992-00231494 lower levels of profit
nj5_4PKBB_4-00909-00231496-00231734 so the evidence is very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00910-00231735-00231975 interesting
nj5_4PKBB_4-00911-00231976-00232294 mikey still produces in china it's moved
nj5_4PKBB_4-00912-00232296-00232623 a lot of its production to vietnam the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00913-00232623-00232871 hourly rates of wages in thailand
nj5_4PKBB_4-00914-00232871-00233182 vietnam indonesia and cambodia are much
nj5_4PKBB_4-00915-00233183-00233455 lower so there's a real shift
nj5_4PKBB_4-00916-00233456-00233679 so for example um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00917-00233680-00233910 you know china's enormous place in the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00918-00233911-00234255 south opposite hong kong
nj5_4PKBB_4-00919-00234256-00234487 in the shenzhen area
nj5_4PKBB_4-00920-00234488-00234671 most clothing
nj5_4PKBB_4-00921-00234671-00234775 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00922-00234776-00234991 footwear companies finally moved to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00923-00234992-00235215 other places in china
nj5_4PKBB_4-00924-00235216-00235551 moved home or moved to other locations
nj5_4PKBB_4-00925-00235552-00235958 in southeast south east asia
nj5_4PKBB_4-00926-00235959-00236223 just before christmas i was doing some
nj5_4PKBB_4-00927-00236223-00236471 interviews in a place in china called
nj5_4PKBB_4-00928-00236471-00236767 shaman which is opposite taiwan a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00929-00236767-00236967 special economic zone
nj5_4PKBB_4-00930-00236967-00237087 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00931-00237088-00237342 it was really evident there that labor
nj5_4PKBB_4-00932-00237344-00237655 markets were incredibly problematic
nj5_4PKBB_4-00933-00237656-00237806 the whole area
nj5_4PKBB_4-00934-00237807-00238087 70 of workers were migrant workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-00935-00238088-00238431 compared with 30 10 years before
nj5_4PKBB_4-00936-00238432-00238671 wages have risen enormously
nj5_4PKBB_4-00937-00238671-00238806 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-00938-00238807-00239039 as i'll talk about in a minute factories
nj5_4PKBB_4-00939-00239040-00239367 have started to introduce technology or
nj5_4PKBB_4-00940-00239367-00239623 had closed down completely and outsource
nj5_4PKBB_4-00941-00239623-00239815 their own production
nj5_4PKBB_4-00942-00239816-00239903 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00943-00239904-00240215 really not the model of social relations
nj5_4PKBB_4-00944-00240216-00240471 that people normally associate with
nj5_4PKBB_4-00945-00240471-00240758 china
nj5_4PKBB_4-00946-00240759-00241063 the boston consulting group which is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00947-00241064-00241239 very interesting they produce very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00948-00241240-00241479 interesting reports because basically
nj5_4PKBB_4-00949-00241480-00241751 they look at the total cost in a
nj5_4PKBB_4-00950-00241752-00242031 particular area and they are advising
nj5_4PKBB_4-00951-00242032-00242158 bosses
nj5_4PKBB_4-00952-00242159-00242358 where they might move to
nj5_4PKBB_4-00953-00242359-00242791 so one that came out last year
nj5_4PKBB_4-00954-00242792-00243055 really started to argue that china was
nj5_4PKBB_4-00955-00243056-00243287 becoming very expensive and when they
nj5_4PKBB_4-00956-00243288-00243575 did all the arithmetic the southern
nj5_4PKBB_4-00957-00243576-00243839 states of america appeared to be much
nj5_4PKBB_4-00958-00243840-00243991 more attractive
nj5_4PKBB_4-00959-00243992-00244271 a new report came out last week which
nj5_4PKBB_4-00960-00244271-00244551 interestingly showed that when you take
nj5_4PKBB_4-00961-00244552-00244782 account of all costs
nj5_4PKBB_4-00962-00244783-00245006 that the uk is one of the cheapest
nj5_4PKBB_4-00963-00245007-00245287 manufacturing destinations in western
nj5_4PKBB_4-00964-00245288-00245687 europe and actually as i said far from
nj5_4PKBB_4-00965-00245688-00245991 the uk being simply a knowledge economy
nj5_4PKBB_4-00966-00245992-00246279 it's the fourth one fourth largest
nj5_4PKBB_4-00967-00246280-00246798 producer of cars in europe
nj5_4PKBB_4-00968-00246800-00246919 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-00969-00246919-00247119 i won't leave that slide up for very
nj5_4PKBB_4-00970-00247119-00247423 long it just talks about the sort of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00971-00247423-00247806 problems from the point of view of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00972-00247807-00248134 capitalists in terms of
nj5_4PKBB_4-00973-00248135-00248358 wages going up
nj5_4PKBB_4-00974-00248359-00248598 work has been more demanding
nj5_4PKBB_4-00975-00248600-00248942 and the original comparative advantage
nj5_4PKBB_4-00976-00248944-00249151 was so clearly there
nj5_4PKBB_4-00977-00249152-00249342 five ten years ago
nj5_4PKBB_4-00978-00249344-00249806 is actually deteriorating
nj5_4PKBB_4-00979-00249807-00250055 and of course the other
nj5_4PKBB_4-00980-00250056-00250175 option
nj5_4PKBB_4-00981-00250176-00250391 for
nj5_4PKBB_4-00982-00250392-00250679 for capitalist firms is not simply the
nj5_4PKBB_4-00983-00250680-00250887 option of moving
nj5_4PKBB_4-00984-00250888-00251015 there's another
nj5_4PKBB_4-00985-00251016-00251358 series of options which is substituting
nj5_4PKBB_4-00986-00251359-00251727 workers for technology which is also
nj5_4PKBB_4-00987-00251728-00251823 only
nj5_4PKBB_4-00988-00251823-00252055 a short run advantage
nj5_4PKBB_4-00989-00252056-00252455 and again i take the example of foxconn
nj5_4PKBB_4-00990-00252456-00252679 and foxconn again
nj5_4PKBB_4-00991-00252680-00253030 shows the problem they have of low wage
nj5_4PKBB_4-00992-00253031-00253303 production now foxconn is
nj5_4PKBB_4-00993-00253304-00253398 pretty
nj5_4PKBB_4-00994-00253400-00253710 infamous firm it's a taiwanese
nj5_4PKBB_4-00995-00253711-00253894 subcontractor for
nj5_4PKBB_4-00996-00253896-00253982 apple
nj5_4PKBB_4-00997-00253983-00254358 it employs one million workers in china
nj5_4PKBB_4-00998-00254359-00254487 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-00999-00254488-00254687 on the scale that i've never seen
nj5_4PKBB_4-01000-00254688-00255023 anywhere in the world factory dormitory
nj5_4PKBB_4-01001-00255023-00255230 factory dormitory because nearly
nj5_4PKBB_4-01002-00255231-00255575 everyone is a migrant worker
nj5_4PKBB_4-01003-00255576-00255655 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01004-00255656-00256015 they have relatively high rates of pay
nj5_4PKBB_4-01005-00256016-00256287 but the work is repetitive and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01006-00256288-00256591 mind-numbingly tedious
nj5_4PKBB_4-01007-00256592-00256782 and this quote
nj5_4PKBB_4-01008-00256783-00257151 shows the inside of a factory
nj5_4PKBB_4-01009-00257152-00257423 each worker focuses on a single action
nj5_4PKBB_4-01010-00257423-00257671 like putting a sticker on the front of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01011-00257671-00257863 an iphone
nj5_4PKBB_4-01012-00257864-00257975 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01013-00257976-00258351 apparently it takes five days and 325
nj5_4PKBB_4-01014-00258352-00258782 steps to assemble an ipad
nj5_4PKBB_4-01015-00258783-00258975 the level of boredom
nj5_4PKBB_4-01016-00258976-00259279 is apparent because two or three years
nj5_4PKBB_4-01017-00259280-00259558 ago there were a number of suicides from
nj5_4PKBB_4-01018-00259559-00259719 the young workers who worked in this
nj5_4PKBB_4-01019-00259719-00260071 factory which is indicative of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01020-00260071-00260319 enormous alienation
nj5_4PKBB_4-01021-00260319-00260415 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01022-00260416-00260871 boredom of working for such companies
nj5_4PKBB_4-01023-00260871-00261055 very interesting quote from the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01024-00261056-00261319 taiwanese
nj5_4PKBB_4-01025-00261319-00261527 managing director
nj5_4PKBB_4-01026-00261528-00261846 as human beings are also animals
nj5_4PKBB_4-01027-00261848-00262142 to manage one million animals gives me a
nj5_4PKBB_4-01028-00262144-00262319 headache
nj5_4PKBB_4-01029-00262320-00262399 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01030-00262400-00262647 when workers are compliant
nj5_4PKBB_4-01031-00262648-00262879 when their wages are relatively low
nj5_4PKBB_4-01032-00262880-00263087 when you've managed to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01033-00263088-00263310 increase your profit levels
nj5_4PKBB_4-01034-00263311-00263567 that's worth doing when wages are going
nj5_4PKBB_4-01035-00263568-00263791 up and workers are starting to make
nj5_4PKBB_4-01036-00263792-00264015 increased demands then it becomes a
nj5_4PKBB_4-01037-00264016-00264134 problem
nj5_4PKBB_4-01038-00264135-00264334 so they're planning to diversify to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01039-00264335-00264527 brazil mexico
nj5_4PKBB_4-01040-00264528-00264703 eastern europe
nj5_4PKBB_4-01041-00264704-00264782 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01042-00264783-00265047 interestingly within china
nj5_4PKBB_4-01043-00265048-00265399 they're planning to install robots to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01044-00265400-00265727 supplement the workforce and again very
nj5_4PKBB_4-01045-00265728-00265879 interesting
nj5_4PKBB_4-01046-00265880-00266143 that china's comparative advantage very
nj5_4PKBB_4-01047-00266144-00266510 much seen as being cheap labor lots of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01048-00266511-00266695 firms i talked to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01049-00266696-00266951 had started or were
nj5_4PKBB_4-01050-00266952-00267239 starting to seriously contemplate
nj5_4PKBB_4-01051-00267240-00269615 introducing more machinery
nj5_4PKBB_4-01052-00269616-00269734 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01053-00269735-00269943 the reason that we have to understand
nj5_4PKBB_4-01054-00269944-00270327 divisions of labour as being dynamic
nj5_4PKBB_4-01055-00270328-00270455 is because
nj5_4PKBB_4-01056-00270456-00270606 the calculus
nj5_4PKBB_4-01057-00270607-00270830 constantly changes
nj5_4PKBB_4-01058-00270831-00270927 that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01059-00270928-00271127 the the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01060-00271128-00271327 whip of competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-01061-00271328-00271671 the drive to either stop profits falling
nj5_4PKBB_4-01062-00271672-00271863 or increased profits
nj5_4PKBB_4-01063-00271864-00272230 mean that bosses continually review
nj5_4PKBB_4-01064-00272231-00272591 their operations an alternative strategy
nj5_4PKBB_4-01065-00272592-00272967 is to return some production to home so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01066-00272968-00273158 another example
nj5_4PKBB_4-01067-00273159-00273399 philips electronics factory at the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01068-00273400-00273510 moment
nj5_4PKBB_4-01069-00273511-00273710 located in china
nj5_4PKBB_4-01070-00273711-00273855 where those
nj5_4PKBB_4-01071-00273856-00274206 shaders are assembled by hundreds of or
nj5_4PKBB_4-01072-00274207-00274455 thousands of workers by hand
nj5_4PKBB_4-01073-00274456-00274663 now they've transferred
nj5_4PKBB_4-01074-00274664-00274855 some of that production back to the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01075-00274856-00274975 netherlands
nj5_4PKBB_4-01076-00274976-00275295 where they've got a new generation of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01077-00275296-00275423 technology
nj5_4PKBB_4-01078-00275424-00275534 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01079-00275535-00275687 robotics
nj5_4PKBB_4-01080-00275688-00275839 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01081-00275840-00276182 there is a huge menu of options for
nj5_4PKBB_4-01082-00276183-00276503 practice firms
nj5_4PKBB_4-01083-00276504-00276679 how quickly
nj5_4PKBB_4-01084-00276680-00276847 technology will be
nj5_4PKBB_4-01085-00276848-00277151 adopted isn't predictable it will be
nj5_4PKBB_4-01086-00277152-00277455 uneven between firms
nj5_4PKBB_4-01087-00277456-00277839 that firms that are more innovative will
nj5_4PKBB_4-01088-00277840-00278182 adopt new technologies will adopt new
nj5_4PKBB_4-01089-00278183-00278287 methods
nj5_4PKBB_4-01090-00278288-00278558 others will have to do the same to keep
nj5_4PKBB_4-01091-00278559-00278871 pace with their rivals
nj5_4PKBB_4-01092-00278872-00279047 but
nj5_4PKBB_4-01093-00279048-00279375 firms can only steal an advantage in the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01094-00279376-00279719 short term because the system as a whole
nj5_4PKBB_4-01095-00279720-00279991 that will eventually lead to falling
nj5_4PKBB_4-01096-00279992-00280103 profits
nj5_4PKBB_4-01097-00280104-00280503 and a new round of looking for what
nj5_4PKBB_4-01098-00280504-00280823 strategies they can use to prevent
nj5_4PKBB_4-01099-00280824-00281534 profits falling
nj5_4PKBB_4-01100-00281535-00281767 okay um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01101-00281768-00281934 fourthly
nj5_4PKBB_4-01102-00281935-00282230 in the account that people
nj5_4PKBB_4-01103-00282231-00282310 give
nj5_4PKBB_4-01104-00282311-00282443 about
nj5_4PKBB_4-01105-00282444-00282663 multinationals and new divisions of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01106-00282664-00282791 labor
nj5_4PKBB_4-01107-00282792-00283199 then workers are quite often completely
nj5_4PKBB_4-01108-00283200-00283287 written
nj5_4PKBB_4-01109-00283288-00283655 out of the of the picture
nj5_4PKBB_4-01110-00283656-00283975 and it is the case that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01111-00283976-00284143 in the short term
nj5_4PKBB_4-01112-00284144-00284334 some groups of workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-01113-00284335-00284447 actually
nj5_4PKBB_4-01114-00284448-00284843 lose out from location moving
nj5_4PKBB_4-01115-00284844-00285206 devastatingly the closure of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01116-00285207-00285406 the closure of coal pits the closure of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01117-00285407-00285751 particular factories in parts of europe
nj5_4PKBB_4-01118-00285752-00286087 has a devastating effect on jobs in
nj5_4PKBB_4-01119-00286088-00286415 those areas on
nj5_4PKBB_4-01120-00286416-00286606 the whole opportunities for working
nj5_4PKBB_4-01121-00286607-00286799 class people
nj5_4PKBB_4-01122-00286800-00286999 and that's quite often been used
nj5_4PKBB_4-01123-00287000-00287263 particularly in the places like the uk
nj5_4PKBB_4-01124-00287264-00287615 to sort of write off the working class
nj5_4PKBB_4-01125-00287616-00287758 and talk about
nj5_4PKBB_4-01126-00287759-00287834 some
nj5_4PKBB_4-01127-00287835-00288119 post-industrial society
nj5_4PKBB_4-01128-00288120-00288263 but of course
nj5_4PKBB_4-01129-00288264-00288391 what happens
nj5_4PKBB_4-01130-00288392-00288655 is those jobs are recreated in other
nj5_4PKBB_4-01131-00288656-00288847 parts of the world
nj5_4PKBB_4-01132-00288848-00289167 and there's a a brilliant book by
nj5_4PKBB_4-01133-00289168-00289447 a u.s writer called beverly silva
nj5_4PKBB_4-01134-00289448-00289679 and it's called forces of labor
nj5_4PKBB_4-01135-00289680-00289943 and it's a really good book because what
nj5_4PKBB_4-01136-00289944-00290158 it does is it brings together
nj5_4PKBB_4-01137-00290159-00290534 the theoretical with the empirical
nj5_4PKBB_4-01138-00290535-00290854 and that which i think is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01139-00290855-00291182 very uh very succinct
nj5_4PKBB_4-01140-00291183-00291447 she says that volume one of the marxist
nj5_4PKBB_4-01141-00291448-00291599 capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-01142-00291600-00291782 can be read as the history of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01143-00291783-00292099 dialect between workers resistance to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01144-00292100-00292439 exploitation at the point of production
nj5_4PKBB_4-01145-00292440-00292719 and the efforts of capital to overcome
nj5_4PKBB_4-01146-00292720-00292863 that resistance
nj5_4PKBB_4-01147-00292864-00293230 by constantly revolutionizing production
nj5_4PKBB_4-01148-00293231-00293430 and social relations
nj5_4PKBB_4-01149-00293431-00293591 and that's what i've been talking about
nj5_4PKBB_4-01150-00293592-00293830 but that is the dilemma
nj5_4PKBB_4-01151-00293831-00293903 of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01152-00293904-00294082 capitalists to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01153-00294083-00294391 extract surplus value
nj5_4PKBB_4-01154-00294392-00294630 that workers continually
nj5_4PKBB_4-01155-00294631-00294958 sometimes actively sometimes passively
nj5_4PKBB_4-01156-00294959-00295103 resist
nj5_4PKBB_4-01157-00295104-00295375 and as a result of that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01158-00295376-00295695 forces and capitalism
nj5_4PKBB_4-01159-00295696-00295887 revolutionised production and social
nj5_4PKBB_4-01160-00295888-00296095 relations
nj5_4PKBB_4-01161-00296096-00296215 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01162-00296216-00296430 if we look at
nj5_4PKBB_4-01163-00296431-00296719 new sites of production if we look at
nj5_4PKBB_4-01164-00296720-00297167 the economic miracles of the 1970s and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01165-00297168-00297343 1980s
nj5_4PKBB_4-01166-00297344-00297687 what those did is that they created new
nj5_4PKBB_4-01167-00297688-00298030 and militant labor movements
nj5_4PKBB_4-01168-00298031-00298310 in expanding mass production industries
nj5_4PKBB_4-01169-00298311-00298567 so in korea
nj5_4PKBB_4-01170-00298568-00298767 in places like brazil
nj5_4PKBB_4-01171-00298768-00298999 in places like spain in places like
nj5_4PKBB_4-01172-00299000-00299175 south africa
nj5_4PKBB_4-01173-00299176-00299303 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01174-00299304-00299527 the inherent
nj5_4PKBB_4-01175-00299528-00299895 conflict between kaplan labor is never
nj5_4PKBB_4-01176-00299896-00300175 resolved it's simply shifted to a
nj5_4PKBB_4-01177-00300176-00300279 different
nj5_4PKBB_4-01178-00300280-00300663 geographical location and it creates a
nj5_4PKBB_4-01179-00300664-00300782 new
nj5_4PKBB_4-01180-00300783-00301110 um a new class of workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-01181-00301111-00301367 and new sites of accumulation new
nj5_4PKBB_4-01182-00301368-00301647 conflicts and new forms of struggle
nj5_4PKBB_4-01183-00301648-00301782 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01184-00301783-00302030 i think that's very evident not only in
nj5_4PKBB_4-01185-00302031-00302358 those places but very evident in
nj5_4PKBB_4-01186-00302359-00302663 china
nj5_4PKBB_4-01187-00302664-00302758 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01188-00302759-00303087 right
nj5_4PKBB_4-01189-00303088-00303375 i'm just going to finish because
nj5_4PKBB_4-01190-00303376-00303558 what i've done is i've made those four
nj5_4PKBB_4-01191-00303559-00303823 arguments and i've made them in
nj5_4PKBB_4-01192-00303824-00304039 quite a light touch
nj5_4PKBB_4-01193-00304040-00304319 way theoretically
nj5_4PKBB_4-01194-00304320-00304719 what i i want to finish with is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01195-00304720-00304823 by
nj5_4PKBB_4-01196-00304824-00305119 just talking about a way that i think
nj5_4PKBB_4-01197-00305120-00305487 that we can offer a sort of theoretical
nj5_4PKBB_4-01198-00305488-00305599 framing
nj5_4PKBB_4-01199-00305600-00305887 of those all of those phenomena
nj5_4PKBB_4-01200-00305888-00306015 through
nj5_4PKBB_4-01201-00306016-00306223 the idea of combined and uneven
nj5_4PKBB_4-01202-00306224-00306479 development i just mentioned an article
nj5_4PKBB_4-01203-00306480-00306727 that i have published this year because
nj5_4PKBB_4-01204-00306728-00306975 i i look at that actually to look at
nj5_4PKBB_4-01205-00306976-00307199 what's happened at the impact of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01206-00307200-00307463 crisis but i can't claim to be a great
nj5_4PKBB_4-01207-00307464-00307871 pioneer of this idea as i mentioned
nj5_4PKBB_4-01208-00307872-00308039 these aren't the only three people but
nj5_4PKBB_4-01209-00308040-00308134 they're
nj5_4PKBB_4-01210-00308135-00308351 the three key people
nj5_4PKBB_4-01211-00308352-00308510 trotsky
nj5_4PKBB_4-01212-00308511-00308727 who
nj5_4PKBB_4-01213-00308728-00308975 first introduced the idea
nj5_4PKBB_4-01214-00308976-00309351 developed by george novak in the 1970s
nj5_4PKBB_4-01215-00309352-00309534 and more recently
nj5_4PKBB_4-01216-00309535-00309710 a really
nj5_4PKBB_4-01217-00309711-00309830 excellent
nj5_4PKBB_4-01218-00309831-00310095 and very deep sort of theoretical
nj5_4PKBB_4-01219-00310096-00310215 exposition
nj5_4PKBB_4-01220-00310216-00310527 by neil smith who sadly
nj5_4PKBB_4-01221-00310528-00310775 died earlier this year
nj5_4PKBB_4-01222-00310776-00311054 which really starts to give a much more
nj5_4PKBB_4-01223-00311055-00311199 spatial
nj5_4PKBB_4-01224-00311200-00311310 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01225-00311311-00311710 exposure of the whole thing
nj5_4PKBB_4-01226-00311711-00311871 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01227-00311872-00312191 i've just very briefly touched on
nj5_4PKBB_4-01228-00312192-00312334 some of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01229-00312335-00312582 what i call progressive not marxist but
nj5_4PKBB_4-01230-00312583-00312863 progressive popular conceptions of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01231-00312864-00312982 capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-01232-00312983-00313275 capitalism that this stands against
nj5_4PKBB_4-01233-00313276-00313475 institutionalism is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01234-00313476-00313847 incredibly popular whereby you read off
nj5_4PKBB_4-01235-00313848-00314134 the success of particular capitalisms by
nj5_4PKBB_4-01236-00314135-00314334 looking at their institutions by their
nj5_4PKBB_4-01237-00314335-00314758 banks their labour
nj5_4PKBB_4-01238-00314759-00314958 structure of their labor markets
nj5_4PKBB_4-01239-00314959-00315175 ideas of the global north and global
nj5_4PKBB_4-01240-00315176-00315510 south or poor and brittary or people who
nj5_4PKBB_4-01241-00315511-00315727 see
nj5_4PKBB_4-01242-00315728-00316039 change as taking place in a number of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01243-00316040-00316375 very distinct changes that every country
nj5_4PKBB_4-01244-00316376-00316654 has to go through
nj5_4PKBB_4-01245-00316655-00316903 now i'm just i'm sure we could add a lot
nj5_4PKBB_4-01246-00316904-00317151 more to that but i think
nj5_4PKBB_4-01247-00317152-00317495 combined and even development stands
nj5_4PKBB_4-01248-00317496-00317806 in contrast and i'm going to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01249-00317807-00318087 to talk about um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01250-00318088-00318295 what i think it offers
nj5_4PKBB_4-01251-00318296-00318623 very quickly going through the the quote
nj5_4PKBB_4-01252-00318624-00318854 by prospect
nj5_4PKBB_4-01253-00318855-00319079 he said the laws of history have nothing
nj5_4PKBB_4-01254-00319080-00319767 in common with pedantic schemes
nj5_4PKBB_4-01255-00319768-00319999 reveals itself most sharply and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01256-00320000-00320230 complexly in the destiny of battle
nj5_4PKBB_4-01257-00320231-00320343 countries
nj5_4PKBB_4-01258-00320344-00320630 under the whip of the external necessity
nj5_4PKBB_4-01259-00320631-00320839 that their backwood culture is compelled
nj5_4PKBB_4-01260-00320840-00321087 to make beliefs
nj5_4PKBB_4-01261-00321088-00321303 the universal law of unevenness thus
nj5_4PKBB_4-01262-00321304-00321534 derives another law which a better name
nj5_4PKBB_4-01263-00321535-00321782 we call the law of combined development
nj5_4PKBB_4-01264-00321783-00321895 development
nj5_4PKBB_4-01265-00321896-00322127 by which we mean drawing together
nj5_4PKBB_4-01266-00322128-00322343 different stages of the journey of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01267-00322344-00322606 combining of the steps an amalgam of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01268-00322607-00322895 archaic with more contemporary forms
nj5_4PKBB_4-01269-00322896-00323087 a backward country assimilates the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01270-00323088-00323430 material and intellectual conquests of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01271-00323431-00323743 the advanced countries
nj5_4PKBB_4-01272-00323744-00323991 the privilege of historical backwardness
nj5_4PKBB_4-01273-00323992-00324263 compels the adoption of whatever is in
nj5_4PKBB_4-01274-00324264-00324575 advance of any specified date skipping a
nj5_4PKBB_4-01275-00324576-00325015 whole series of intermediate stages
nj5_4PKBB_4-01276-00325016-00325287 now i i think what that does as i'll say
nj5_4PKBB_4-01277-00325288-00325510 in a minute it provides a much more
nj5_4PKBB_4-01278-00325511-00325663 dynamic
nj5_4PKBB_4-01279-00325664-00325806 possibility
nj5_4PKBB_4-01280-00325807-00326110 for national capitalisms
nj5_4PKBB_4-01281-00326111-00326399 catching up and not having to go through
nj5_4PKBB_4-01282-00326400-00326687 every stage and i think you can see that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01283-00326688-00326910 with if you like the restoration
nj5_4PKBB_4-01284-00326911-00327375 or what happened in
nj5_4PKBB_4-01285-00327376-00327527 the post-communist
nj5_4PKBB_4-01286-00327528-00327823 economies after 1990 on what's happened
nj5_4PKBB_4-01287-00327824-00328134 in china
nj5_4PKBB_4-01288-00328135-00328375 but actually it was
nj5_4PKBB_4-01289-00328376-00328519 neil smith
nj5_4PKBB_4-01290-00328520-00328679 who really
nj5_4PKBB_4-01291-00328680-00328934 took this idea of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01292-00328935-00329247 whip of external necessity
nj5_4PKBB_4-01293-00329248-00329503 and he looked right into the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01294-00329504-00329734 workings of capitalism and the law of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01295-00329735-00329887 value
nj5_4PKBB_4-01296-00329888-00330143 to try and explain
nj5_4PKBB_4-01297-00330144-00330358 this unevenness
nj5_4PKBB_4-01298-00330359-00330895 and the constant tendency to dynamism
nj5_4PKBB_4-01299-00330896-00331063 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01300-00331064-00331287 what he points out is there is an
nj5_4PKBB_4-01301-00331288-00331623 essential contradiction
nj5_4PKBB_4-01302-00331624-00331958 that there is on the one hand a constant
nj5_4PKBB_4-01303-00331959-00332247 tendency for differentiation
nj5_4PKBB_4-01304-00332248-00332471 rooted in the division of labour and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01305-00332472-00332679 organisation and production
nj5_4PKBB_4-01306-00332680-00332958 that's what i've talked about a lot how
nj5_4PKBB_4-01307-00332959-00333263 the capitalist class look for
nj5_4PKBB_4-01308-00333264-00333358 other
nj5_4PKBB_4-01309-00333359-00333619 sites of accumulation where there is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01310-00333620-00333927 differentiation which they can exploit
nj5_4PKBB_4-01311-00333928-00334151 to their advantage
nj5_4PKBB_4-01312-00334152-00334343 however
nj5_4PKBB_4-01313-00334344-00334630 at the same time there is an opposite
nj5_4PKBB_4-01314-00334631-00334867 tendency towards
nj5_4PKBB_4-01315-00334868-00335182 universalization and the equalization of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01316-00335183-00335478 the rate of profit now that really
nj5_4PKBB_4-01317-00335479-00335663 explains
nj5_4PKBB_4-01318-00335664-00335903 the way in which um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01319-00335904-00336087 a spatial fix
nj5_4PKBB_4-01320-00336088-00336247 can only be temporary
nj5_4PKBB_4-01321-00336248-00336575 that firms can initially take advantage
nj5_4PKBB_4-01322-00336576-00336734 of differences
nj5_4PKBB_4-01323-00336735-00336982 between the organisation of work and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01324-00336983-00337287 labor in different places but ultimately
nj5_4PKBB_4-01325-00337288-00337575 as other firms go in they alter those
nj5_4PKBB_4-01326-00337576-00337687 conditions
nj5_4PKBB_4-01327-00337688-00338095 and the rate of profit is equalized
nj5_4PKBB_4-01328-00338096-00338319 and then you have another cycle of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01329-00338320-00338503 reorganization
nj5_4PKBB_4-01330-00338504-00338654 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01331-00338655-00339519 recombining technology or moving
nj5_4PKBB_4-01332-00339520-00339847 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01333-00339848-00340263 this is a direct quote from smith who
nj5_4PKBB_4-01334-00340264-00340543 makes that point and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01335-00340544-00340767 that gives a much
nj5_4PKBB_4-01336-00340768-00340919 richer
nj5_4PKBB_4-01337-00340920-00341206 understanding of what i've called second
nj5_4PKBB_4-01338-00341207-00341391 order determinations of foreign
nj5_4PKBB_4-01339-00341392-00341767 investment of firms of their movement
nj5_4PKBB_4-01340-00341768-00342182 by looking at these these two tensions
nj5_4PKBB_4-01341-00342183-00342527 of corrosive differentiation which
nj5_4PKBB_4-01342-00342528-00342815 continually frustrates the annihilation
nj5_4PKBB_4-01343-00342816-00343215 of space
nj5_4PKBB_4-01344-00343216-00343582 so just put another way that competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-01345-00343583-00343871 for markets between firms in the same
nj5_4PKBB_4-01346-00343872-00343991 industry
nj5_4PKBB_4-01347-00343992-00344310 the exit and entry of capital from less
nj5_4PKBB_4-01348-00344311-00344534 profitable to more profitable sectors or
nj5_4PKBB_4-01349-00344535-00344847 locations leads to a general rate of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01350-00344848-00344982 profit
nj5_4PKBB_4-01351-00344983-00345110 competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-01352-00345111-00345254 always
nj5_4PKBB_4-01353-00345255-00345487 is a force and a drive towards
nj5_4PKBB_4-01354-00345488-00345671 equalization
nj5_4PKBB_4-01355-00345672-00345758 but
nj5_4PKBB_4-01356-00345759-00346006 technological and institutional change
nj5_4PKBB_4-01357-00346007-00346182 as well as workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-01358-00346183-00346454 struggling and fighting will continually
nj5_4PKBB_4-01359-00346455-00347006 produce a new unevenness
nj5_4PKBB_4-01360-00347007-00347134 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01361-00347135-00347367 just to conclude because i'm coming up
nj5_4PKBB_4-01362-00347368-00347671 to an hour i think what is really
nj5_4PKBB_4-01363-00347672-00347782 rich
nj5_4PKBB_4-01364-00347783-00347871 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01365-00347872-00348015 essential
nj5_4PKBB_4-01366-00348016-00348223 about combined energy and even
nj5_4PKBB_4-01367-00348224-00348463 development and what it contributes
nj5_4PKBB_4-01368-00348464-00348623 theoretically
nj5_4PKBB_4-01369-00348624-00348871 first of all in contrast to other
nj5_4PKBB_4-01370-00348872-00348999 theories
nj5_4PKBB_4-01371-00349000-00349327 drivers are deep within the system it's
nj5_4PKBB_4-01372-00349328-00349406 not
nj5_4PKBB_4-01373-00349407-00349639 institutions or superficial
nj5_4PKBB_4-01374-00349640-00349791 characteristics
nj5_4PKBB_4-01375-00349792-00350247 it's the law of value it's competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-01376-00350248-00350606 and what it does is it provides two
nj5_4PKBB_4-01377-00350607-00350895 links one between
nj5_4PKBB_4-01378-00350896-00351087 what i call first and second order
nj5_4PKBB_4-01379-00351088-00351239 determinations
nj5_4PKBB_4-01380-00351240-00351454 those laws that are deep in the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01381-00351455-00351663 functioning of capitalism
nj5_4PKBB_4-01382-00351664-00351863 give us a way of understanding its
nj5_4PKBB_4-01383-00351864-00352078 superficial characteristics
nj5_4PKBB_4-01384-00352079-00352463 of understanding um investment of trade
nj5_4PKBB_4-01385-00352464-00352734 the actions of firms
nj5_4PKBB_4-01386-00352735-00352806 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01387-00352807-00353054 it gives us a way of linking
nj5_4PKBB_4-01388-00353055-00353327 if you like the macro the totality of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01389-00353328-00353471 capitalism
nj5_4PKBB_4-01390-00353472-00353806 with its spatiality and its micro
nj5_4PKBB_4-01391-00353807-00353975 characteristics
nj5_4PKBB_4-01392-00353976-00354287 and it enables a much more complex
nj5_4PKBB_4-01393-00354288-00354454 understanding
nj5_4PKBB_4-01394-00354455-00354678 between countries and also within
nj5_4PKBB_4-01395-00354679-00354927 countries and regions
nj5_4PKBB_4-01396-00354928-00355295 and lastly it allows contradictions
nj5_4PKBB_4-01397-00355296-00355663 which enable us to understand dynamism
nj5_4PKBB_4-01398-00355664-00355967 and rapid and rapid change
nj5_4PKBB_4-01399-00355968-00356047 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01400-00356048-00356319 in terms of the struggle of workers it
nj5_4PKBB_4-01401-00356320-00356534 allows us to understand
nj5_4PKBB_4-01402-00356535-00356823 how you can get coexisting quite
nj5_4PKBB_4-01403-00356824-00357103 advanced and quite backwards sections
nj5_4PKBB_4-01404-00357104-00357367 and raise questions about how those can
nj5_4PKBB_4-01405-00357368-00357534 be
nj5_4PKBB_4-01406-00357535-00357710 brought together
nj5_4PKBB_4-01407-00357711-00358015 right that's exactly an hour so i'll
nj5_4PKBB_4-01408-00358016-00358903 leave it there
nj5_4PKBB_4-01409-00358904-00359103 okay thank you jane
nj5_4PKBB_4-01410-00359104-00359254 now as i've said in the beginning we
nj5_4PKBB_4-01411-00359255-00359334 have
nj5_4PKBB_4-01412-00359335-00359687 about 60 minutes or so for discussion so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01413-00359688-00359951 please raise your hands and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01414-00359952-00360103 my two colleagues will bring you the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01415-00360104-00360343 microphone if you have any questions or
nj5_4PKBB_4-01416-00360344-00360503 comments
nj5_4PKBB_4-01417-00360504-00361327 raise your hands
nj5_4PKBB_4-01418-00361328-00362263 okay
nj5_4PKBB_4-01419-00362264-00362399 hi
nj5_4PKBB_4-01420-00362400-00362815 my name is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01421-00362816-00362943 did you talk
nj5_4PKBB_4-01422-00362944-00363039 about
nj5_4PKBB_4-01423-00363040-00364895 first and second order
nj5_4PKBB_4-01424-00364896-00365119 yeah so are there any other questions
nj5_4PKBB_4-01425-00365120-00365495 we'll take a couple
nj5_4PKBB_4-01426-00365496-00365919 if not i have a small question um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01427-00365920-00366239 how how much room do you think we
nj5_4PKBB_4-01428-00366240-00366478 can leave for humans that emphasize the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01429-00366479-00366775 relative immobility of capital uh and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01430-00366776-00367078 the imperfection of competition while
nj5_4PKBB_4-01431-00367079-00367334 still holding uh that the law of value
nj5_4PKBB_4-01432-00367335-00367519 is valued
nj5_4PKBB_4-01433-00367520-00367847 that this is a prominent objection to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01434-00367848-00368134 marx's stereo value that in capital he
nj5_4PKBB_4-01435-00368135-00368319 talks about capitalism in its ideal
nj5_4PKBB_4-01436-00368320-00368639 average but in the real world uh where
nj5_4PKBB_4-01437-00368640-00368847 competition is not perfect where where
nj5_4PKBB_4-01438-00368848-00369143 capitalism our capital is not so mobile
nj5_4PKBB_4-01439-00369144-00369247 uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01440-00369248-00369430 there is there is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01441-00369431-00369727 not a lot of sense in talking about the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01442-00369728-00369951 law of value and the determination of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01443-00369952-00370151 values by
nj5_4PKBB_4-01444-00370152-00370358 labor time so if you have any comments
nj5_4PKBB_4-01445-00370359-00370463 in that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01446-00370464-00370719 so any other questions any other
nj5_4PKBB_4-01447-00370720-00370895 comments
nj5_4PKBB_4-01448-00370896-00370991 if not
nj5_4PKBB_4-01449-00370992-00371871 we'll take this
nj5_4PKBB_4-01450-00371872-00371967 right
nj5_4PKBB_4-01451-00371968-00372071 actually
nj5_4PKBB_4-01452-00372072-00372295 was it working i was talking i think it
nj5_4PKBB_4-01453-00372296-00372478 was yes
nj5_4PKBB_4-01454-00372479-00372727 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01455-00372728-00372975 in terms of the first and second order
nj5_4PKBB_4-01456-00372976-00373143 determinations
nj5_4PKBB_4-01457-00373144-00373358 uh i guess i could
nj5_4PKBB_4-01458-00373359-00373534 rephrase that as
nj5_4PKBB_4-01459-00373535-00373751 abstract and concrete
nj5_4PKBB_4-01460-00373752-00373882 because
nj5_4PKBB_4-01461-00373883-00374151 there's i think quite often not an
nj5_4PKBB_4-01462-00374152-00374463 opposition but a tendency to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01463-00374464-00374751 um use quite abstract
nj5_4PKBB_4-01464-00374752-00374958 theory to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01465-00374959-00375095 understand
nj5_4PKBB_4-01466-00375096-00375463 marxist thinking on the one hand
nj5_4PKBB_4-01467-00375464-00375551 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01468-00375552-00375878 uh if you have bourgeois economics
nj5_4PKBB_4-01469-00375879-00376158 or non-marxist economics talk about
nj5_4PKBB_4-01470-00376159-00376403 these other very concrete
nj5_4PKBB_4-01471-00376404-00376575 manifestations
nj5_4PKBB_4-01472-00376576-00376678 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01473-00376679-00376982 i think um what
nj5_4PKBB_4-01474-00376983-00377119 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01475-00377120-00377287 i think what combined and uneven
nj5_4PKBB_4-01476-00377288-00377423 development
nj5_4PKBB_4-01477-00377424-00377599 enables us to do
nj5_4PKBB_4-01478-00377600-00377895 is to actually make the abstract more
nj5_4PKBB_4-01479-00377896-00378406 concrete in terms of looking at
nj5_4PKBB_4-01480-00378407-00378678 the micro behavior of firms
nj5_4PKBB_4-01481-00378679-00378930 looking at
nj5_4PKBB_4-01482-00378931-00379495 agglomerations like foreign investment
nj5_4PKBB_4-01483-00379496-00379695 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01484-00379696-00379927 it all also enables us to link the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01485-00379928-00380215 abstract and the concrete and also if
nj5_4PKBB_4-01486-00380216-00380454 you've got the micro and the macro in a
nj5_4PKBB_4-01487-00380455-00380727 way that i i think other theories
nj5_4PKBB_4-01488-00380728-00380882 other theories
nj5_4PKBB_4-01489-00380883-00381167 don't on the second question you might
nj5_4PKBB_4-01490-00381168-00381287 have to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01491-00381288-00381463 have to repeat it
nj5_4PKBB_4-01492-00381464-00381799 but just because
nj5_4PKBB_4-01493-00381800-00382063 just because
nj5_4PKBB_4-01494-00382064-00382302 capital is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01495-00382303-00382543 immobile doesn't mean that it isn't
nj5_4PKBB_4-01496-00382544-00382854 subject to the law of value or
nj5_4PKBB_4-01497-00382855-00382999 competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-01498-00383000-00383239 because you can have
nj5_4PKBB_4-01499-00383240-00383487 for example the example that comes to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01500-00383488-00383719 mind is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01501-00383720-00383847 private education
nj5_4PKBB_4-01502-00383848-00384167 and private universities you know we are
nj5_4PKBB_4-01503-00384168-00384534 immobile within one location and yet
nj5_4PKBB_4-01504-00384535-00384815 they are competitive and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01505-00384816-00385751 subject with all the value as a
nj5_4PKBB_4-01506-00385752-00386078 uh how much weight can we give to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01507-00386079-00386327 those claims of immobility i mean if
nj5_4PKBB_4-01508-00386328-00386495 everything if all of capital was
nj5_4PKBB_4-01509-00386496-00386647 immobile obviously there were no
nj5_4PKBB_4-01510-00386648-00386871 competition and no law of value
nj5_4PKBB_4-01511-00386872-00386958 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01512-00386959-00387175 if for example
nj5_4PKBB_4-01513-00387176-00387406 empirical data suggested that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01514-00387407-00387639 two terms let's say of the world's
nj5_4PKBB_4-01515-00387640-00387782 capital is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01516-00387783-00388110 very immobile and that let's say that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01517-00388111-00388399 a lot of the majority of workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-01518-00388400-00388534 really have
nj5_4PKBB_4-01519-00388535-00388751 fixed jobs they have
nj5_4PKBB_4-01520-00388752-00388863 long-term
nj5_4PKBB_4-01521-00388864-00389158 employment and their security here
nj5_4PKBB_4-01522-00389159-00389327 i think we should abandon the lower
nj5_4PKBB_4-01523-00389328-00389567 value if that happened i don't know how
nj5_4PKBB_4-01524-00389568-00389727 we can speak of the formation of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01525-00389728-00389943 general enter profit and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01526-00389944-00390110 of the let's say two of the basic
nj5_4PKBB_4-01527-00390111-00390367 conditions of um capitalism which are
nj5_4PKBB_4-01528-00390368-00390591 that the workers are free to sell their
nj5_4PKBB_4-01529-00390592-00390743 labor power and the capitalists can
nj5_4PKBB_4-01530-00390744-00390871 expel them
nj5_4PKBB_4-01531-00390872-00391087 whenever they want if they can if they
nj5_4PKBB_4-01532-00391088-00391399 have long-term employment and safe
nj5_4PKBB_4-01533-00391400-00391551 secure employment
nj5_4PKBB_4-01534-00391552-00391734 i don't know if the law value is still
nj5_4PKBB_4-01535-00391735-00391887 valid
nj5_4PKBB_4-01536-00391888-00392263 um okay well some of those jobs that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01537-00392264-00392687 i've talked about as being immobile
nj5_4PKBB_4-01538-00392688-00392910 for example in the public sector
nj5_4PKBB_4-01539-00392911-00393071 let's say
nj5_4PKBB_4-01540-00393072-00393302 care workers
nj5_4PKBB_4-01541-00393303-00393471 universities
nj5_4PKBB_4-01542-00393472-00393710 actually are increasingly
nj5_4PKBB_4-01543-00393711-00394023 subject to the law of value because of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01544-00394024-00394158 increased
nj5_4PKBB_4-01545-00394159-00394343 modification
nj5_4PKBB_4-01546-00394344-00394678 so whereas if you like the jobs
nj5_4PKBB_4-01547-00394679-00394863 are
nj5_4PKBB_4-01548-00394864-00395054 and what has to be done
nj5_4PKBB_4-01549-00395055-00395223 is immobile
nj5_4PKBB_4-01550-00395224-00395478 sections of capital are so what you've
nj5_4PKBB_4-01551-00395479-00395647 got is you've got
nj5_4PKBB_4-01552-00395648-00395887 international capital in the service
nj5_4PKBB_4-01553-00395888-00396327 sector increasingly commodifying
nj5_4PKBB_4-01554-00396328-00396454 welfare
nj5_4PKBB_4-01555-00396455-00396687 and actually sharpening
nj5_4PKBB_4-01556-00396688-00396878 um that competition
nj5_4PKBB_4-01557-00396879-00397015 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01558-00397016-00397199 in fact changes that have taken place
nj5_4PKBB_4-01559-00397200-00397430 over the last five or ten years have
nj5_4PKBB_4-01560-00397431-00397734 actually sharpened that so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01561-00397735-00397839 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01562-00397840-00398023 within different
nj5_4PKBB_4-01563-00398024-00398199 and then i think the other thing that i
nj5_4PKBB_4-01564-00398200-00398367 talked about earlier
nj5_4PKBB_4-01565-00398368-00398582 is within economies
nj5_4PKBB_4-01566-00398583-00398823 there are other ways that they try and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01567-00398824-00399758 um extract value by the use of migrant
nj5_4PKBB_4-01568-00399759-00399919 okay thank you another round of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01569-00399920-00400110 questions and comments please just raise
nj5_4PKBB_4-01570-00400111-00400206 your hands
nj5_4PKBB_4-01571-00400207-00401095 and we'll bring you the microphones
nj5_4PKBB_4-01572-00401096-00401247 i mean if no one else wants to speak i'd
nj5_4PKBB_4-01573-00401248-00401358 like to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01574-00401359-00401558 say something in response to to tebow's
nj5_4PKBB_4-01575-00401559-00401767 question which is a very interesting one
nj5_4PKBB_4-01576-00401768-00402078 um but i think really it does go back to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01577-00402079-00402239 pressure the abstract and the concrete
nj5_4PKBB_4-01578-00402240-00402334 because
nj5_4PKBB_4-01579-00402335-00402519 it seems to me that the process that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01580-00402520-00402727 marks begins in capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-01581-00402728-00402919 rising from the abstract law of value to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01582-00402920-00403087 more concrete determinations is a
nj5_4PKBB_4-01583-00403088-00403399 process that we have to continue today
nj5_4PKBB_4-01584-00403400-00403527 and particularly if you want to look at
nj5_4PKBB_4-01585-00403528-00403687 the way that the campus economy develops
nj5_4PKBB_4-01586-00403688-00403830 on a world scale
nj5_4PKBB_4-01587-00403831-00404015 you can't do that without constantly
nj5_4PKBB_4-01588-00404016-00404239 introducing new determinants uh the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01589-00404240-00404487 state system jane talked about it's one
nj5_4PKBB_4-01590-00404488-00404695 example that's not developed in capital
nj5_4PKBB_4-01591-00404696-00404887 we have to add as a new determiner which
nj5_4PKBB_4-01592-00404888-00405167 reshapes how the law of value operates
nj5_4PKBB_4-01593-00405168-00405310 but i think it's important to say that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01594-00405311-00405543 the law of value still plays this
nj5_4PKBB_4-01595-00405544-00405782 coercive role and it poses itself on
nj5_4PKBB_4-01596-00405783-00405991 capital and you can see that if you look
nj5_4PKBB_4-01597-00405992-00406151 at the way that new sections of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01598-00406152-00406351 world economy do develop take the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01599-00406352-00406527 example of japan
nj5_4PKBB_4-01600-00406528-00406687 very interesting go back to the early
nj5_4PKBB_4-01601-00406688-00407023 1980s and read the literature in america
nj5_4PKBB_4-01602-00407024-00407151 and the literature is all about the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01603-00407152-00407367 coming war with japan and how japan is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01604-00407368-00407654 going to overleap america and so on
nj5_4PKBB_4-01605-00407655-00407839 what it's based on of course is the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01606-00407840-00408102 intensely high levels of exploitation of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01607-00408103-00408310 japanese workers on the one hand and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01608-00408311-00408591 secondly the location of key sectors of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01609-00408592-00408887 export markets in which the japanese
nj5_4PKBB_4-01610-00408888-00409095 capitalist firms can break into the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01611-00409096-00409327 world market by combining high levels of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01612-00409328-00409614 exploitation with very very high levels
nj5_4PKBB_4-01613-00409615-00409839 of organic composition of capital for a
nj5_4PKBB_4-01614-00409839-00410063 short period of time that can lead to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01615-00410064-00410295 extraordinary high growth rates the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01616-00410296-00410534 problem is it begins to unravel once
nj5_4PKBB_4-01617-00410535-00410782 these export markets begin to clog up
nj5_4PKBB_4-01618-00410783-00410959 once there's renewed competition from
nj5_4PKBB_4-01619-00410960-00411166 retooled american
nj5_4PKBB_4-01620-00411167-00411374 capitalist firms and once you've given
nj5_4PKBB_4-01621-00411375-00411582 that advice in labor costs and really
nj5_4PKBB_4-01622-00411583-00411814 from the late 1980s onwards you see how
nj5_4PKBB_4-01623-00411815-00412063 the japanese boom increasingly is fueled
nj5_4PKBB_4-01624-00412064-00412310 by incredibly high levels of credit
nj5_4PKBB_4-01625-00412312-00412518 an investment can no longer develop that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01626-00412519-00412774 deliver these very very high rates of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01627-00412775-00412966 return it's interesting because you look
nj5_4PKBB_4-01628-00412967-00413143 at china today
nj5_4PKBB_4-01629-00413143-00413359 growth rates are still very very high
nj5_4PKBB_4-01630-00413360-00413574 you see the same kind of pressures of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01631-00413575-00413830 over accumulation of capital which is no
nj5_4PKBB_4-01632-00413831-00414070 longer returning such a high level of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01633-00414071-00414295 profit on the one hand but on the other
nj5_4PKBB_4-01634-00414296-00414526 hand the drying up this reserve army of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01635-00414527-00414839 labour putting pressure on on wage costs
nj5_4PKBB_4-01636-00414839-00415070 so you see the way that the law of value
nj5_4PKBB_4-01637-00415071-00415334 begins to reassert itself but always in
nj5_4PKBB_4-01638-00415335-00415543 complex and concrete ways that we have
nj5_4PKBB_4-01639-00415543-00415855 to examine at that level
nj5_4PKBB_4-01640-00415856-00416255 thank you any other questions comments
nj5_4PKBB_4-01641-00416256-00418063 i think we have at least an hour
nj5_4PKBB_4-01642-00418064-00418503 uh okay um i i will also want a little
nj5_4PKBB_4-01643-00418504-00418782 clarification more when i ask a question
nj5_4PKBB_4-01644-00418783-00419022 uh in the end you criticized the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01645-00419023-00419247 peripheralization discourse or the core
nj5_4PKBB_4-01646-00419247-00419470 periphery opposition
nj5_4PKBB_4-01647-00419471-00419622 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01648-00419623-00419775 this critique that you
nj5_4PKBB_4-01649-00419776-00420087 presented is very new to me so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01650-00420088-00420231 i'm uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01651-00420232-00420439 interested in the political uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01652-00420439-00420710 implications of abandoning this this
nj5_4PKBB_4-01653-00420712-00420991 kind of discourse uh because
nj5_4PKBB_4-01654-00420992-00421422 in our cases it was very important as it
nj5_4PKBB_4-01655-00421423-00421670 enables uh enabled us to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01656-00421671-00421879 uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01657-00421880-00422239 to present or accentuate the structural
nj5_4PKBB_4-01658-00422239-00422535 elements of uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01659-00422535-00422703 disabling
nj5_4PKBB_4-01660-00422704-00423047 the the strategies of the peripheral
nj5_4PKBB_4-01661-00423047-00423335 elites and bourgeoisie to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01662-00423335-00423470 become
nj5_4PKBB_4-01663-00423471-00423710 what they wanted they said that they
nj5_4PKBB_4-01664-00423712-00423918 would become that if
nj5_4PKBB_4-01665-00423919-00423999 we
nj5_4PKBB_4-01666-00424000-00424199 modernize our economies we formed them
nj5_4PKBB_4-01667-00424200-00424455 in the way
nj5_4PKBB_4-01668-00424456-00424614 as they
nj5_4PKBB_4-01669-00424615-00424799 suggested we should do
nj5_4PKBB_4-01670-00424800-00425087 then we would come to a situation of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01671-00425088-00425191 of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01672-00425192-00425455 ideal economy sort of i don't know a
nj5_4PKBB_4-01673-00425456-00425710 capitalist court so per
nj5_4PKBB_4-01674-00425712-00426055 peripherization discourse was our uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01675-00426056-00426303 position and uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01676-00426304-00426470 was a way to critique
nj5_4PKBB_4-01677-00426471-00426591 uh this
nj5_4PKBB_4-01678-00426592-00426670 uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01679-00426671-00426975 this idea and now if you save it
nj5_4PKBB_4-01680-00426976-00427383 in this way uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01681-00427384-00427695 with trotsky quote where he says that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01682-00427696-00427822 the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01683-00427823-00427991 the country the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01684-00427992-00428222 less developed countries have this kind
nj5_4PKBB_4-01685-00428223-00428310 of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01686-00428312-00428503 good thing because they can skip few
nj5_4PKBB_4-01687-00428504-00428766 steps with introducing the newest
nj5_4PKBB_4-01688-00428767-00428903 technology and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01689-00428904-00429295 and so on uh is this not the way to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01690-00429296-00429439 bet on
nj5_4PKBB_4-01691-00429439-00429655 abandon our position and say okay but
nj5_4PKBB_4-01692-00429656-00429927 you're right maybe we can go
nj5_4PKBB_4-01693-00429928-00430087 to become these
nj5_4PKBB_4-01694-00430088-00430343 ideal central uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01695-00430343-00430566 capitalist core countries that we want
nj5_4PKBB_4-01696-00430567-00430743 to be i don't know probably this is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01697-00430743-00430999 wrong but i just want to see how we can
nj5_4PKBB_4-01698-00431000-00431214 evade it
nj5_4PKBB_4-01699-00431215-00431407 okay we'll take a couple more in there
nj5_4PKBB_4-01700-00431408-00431631 already okay i'll just do a follow-up on
nj5_4PKBB_4-01701-00431632-00431814 this question because i think it's uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01702-00431815-00432127 fairly important uh not at least uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01703-00432128-00432335 uh given the name of this conference the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01704-00432335-00432559 other class in the great rate and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01705-00432560-00432759 basically based upon europe
nj5_4PKBB_4-01706-00432760-00432903 argumentation
nj5_4PKBB_4-01707-00432904-00433166 i think one of the points can actually
nj5_4PKBB_4-01708-00433167-00433439 explain to us why for example on the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01709-00433439-00433631 periphery in serbia croatia and other
nj5_4PKBB_4-01710-00433632-00433951 countries uh there was a lack of direct
nj5_4PKBB_4-01711-00433952-00434303 foreign investment actually uh following
nj5_4PKBB_4-01712-00434304-00434518 the liberal liberalization of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01713-00434519-00434935 prejudice and that's uh one of the most
nj5_4PKBB_4-01714-00434935-00435103 important contradictions that we need to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01715-00435104-00435375 face today and but the other thing
nj5_4PKBB_4-01716-00435376-00435639 another point i think that is important
nj5_4PKBB_4-01717-00435639-00435895 to state is that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01718-00435896-00436135 there is still i think
nj5_4PKBB_4-01719-00436135-00436375 a fairly good reason for us to think in
nj5_4PKBB_4-01720-00436376-00436599 terms of the bravery
nj5_4PKBB_4-01721-00436600-00436783 for example because
nj5_4PKBB_4-01722-00436784-00437063 we still have on the interstate level
nj5_4PKBB_4-01723-00437064-00437295 several agreements that make us very
nj5_4PKBB_4-01724-00437296-00437518 free for example
nj5_4PKBB_4-01725-00437519-00437766 the stabilization and cooperation
nj5_4PKBB_4-01726-00437767-00438031 agreement that is an agreement that is
nj5_4PKBB_4-01727-00438032-00438351 signed by various grateful countries
nj5_4PKBB_4-01728-00438352-00438783 that enables uh the liberalization of uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01729-00438784-00439070 of the trade between the core peripheral
nj5_4PKBB_4-01730-00439071-00439414 countries which basically always uh sort
nj5_4PKBB_4-01731-00439415-00439639 of unveils this
nj5_4PKBB_4-01732-00439639-00439807 analysis
nj5_4PKBB_4-01733-00439808-00439999 different different degree of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01734-00440000-00440214 competitiveness between these countries
nj5_4PKBB_4-01735-00440215-00440510 and for example our relations to the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01736-00440512-00440614 uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01737-00440615-00440879 to the predictive systems
nj5_4PKBB_4-01738-00440880-00442607 between uh foreign countries
nj5_4PKBB_4-01739-00442608-00442735 uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01740-00442735-00443127 yeah uh basically this also would lead
nj5_4PKBB_4-01741-00443128-00443391 to the uh to the dependency of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01742-00443392-00443607 certain dinner uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01743-00443608-00443814 to the hero and for example these are
nj5_4PKBB_4-01744-00443815-00444063 some of the points that i'd like to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01745-00444064-00444279 to hear your comment on because i think
nj5_4PKBB_4-01746-00444280-00444535 these points do actually make uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01747-00444535-00444791 uh very good reason for us to think
nj5_4PKBB_4-01748-00444792-00444999 still in terms of uh verifiable
nj5_4PKBB_4-01749-00445000-00445135 countries uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01750-00445135-00445295 between which
nj5_4PKBB_4-01751-00445296-00445599 actually um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01752-00445600-00445735 which functions
nj5_4PKBB_4-01753-00445735-00445991 which function between different states
nj5_4PKBB_4-01754-00445992-00446247 so i remember in english but i hope you
nj5_4PKBB_4-01755-00446247-00446839 got the question
nj5_4PKBB_4-01756-00446839-00447047 all right um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01757-00447047-00447335 i i think those are really you know
nj5_4PKBB_4-01758-00447335-00447966 really really good questions um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01759-00447967-00448255 right just thinking i think the first
nj5_4PKBB_4-01760-00448256-00448375 person
nj5_4PKBB_4-01761-00448376-00448575 that you're saying that if you like the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01762-00448576-00448814 ruling class or the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01763-00448815-00448918 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01764-00448919-00449159 powerful people within a country can say
nj5_4PKBB_4-01765-00449160-00449343 well we can catch up
nj5_4PKBB_4-01766-00449343-00449718 quickly just by adopting technology
nj5_4PKBB_4-01767-00449719-00449975 and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01768-00449976-00450175 again i'm to use the example of china
nj5_4PKBB_4-01769-00450176-00450279 because
nj5_4PKBB_4-01770-00450280-00450495 i think in one sense
nj5_4PKBB_4-01771-00450496-00450743 that that's the case so if i just take
nj5_4PKBB_4-01772-00450743-00450935 the very
nj5_4PKBB_4-01773-00450935-00451247 simple example of this particular
nj5_4PKBB_4-01774-00451247-00451495 city or region that i went to this
nj5_4PKBB_4-01775-00451496-00451710 special economic zone
nj5_4PKBB_4-01776-00451712-00451903 i went to it 12 years ago and there were
nj5_4PKBB_4-01777-00451904-00452318 no private cars i went in december
nj5_4PKBB_4-01778-00452319-00452614 and it wasn't that there were only cars
nj5_4PKBB_4-01779-00452615-00452839 it was that they were all top of the
nj5_4PKBB_4-01780-00452839-00453207 range black audis and mercedes
nj5_4PKBB_4-01781-00453208-00453479 thousands and thousands of them and
nj5_4PKBB_4-01782-00453480-00453599 clearly
nj5_4PKBB_4-01783-00453600-00453727 a high
nj5_4PKBB_4-01784-00453728-00453975 standard of living
nj5_4PKBB_4-01785-00453976-00454095 but
nj5_4PKBB_4-01786-00454096-00454351 that's accompanied by massive
nj5_4PKBB_4-01787-00454352-00454575 massive inequality
nj5_4PKBB_4-01788-00454576-00454879 and exploitation of other
nj5_4PKBB_4-01789-00454880-00454999 groups of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01790-00455000-00455414 workers within that country and i think
nj5_4PKBB_4-01791-00455415-00455735 one of the problems of seeing
nj5_4PKBB_4-01792-00455735-00456127 countries in terms of those labels of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01793-00456128-00456335 i don't completely reject them but i
nj5_4PKBB_4-01794-00456335-00456518 think there's a problem of categorizing
nj5_4PKBB_4-01795-00456519-00456639 those terms
nj5_4PKBB_4-01796-00456639-00456879 because it can underplay
nj5_4PKBB_4-01797-00456880-00457159 the impact of class
nj5_4PKBB_4-01798-00457160-00457383 within that so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01799-00457384-00457647 for example
nj5_4PKBB_4-01800-00457647-00457903 somewhere like poland which i know much
nj5_4PKBB_4-01801-00457904-00458175 more about
nj5_4PKBB_4-01802-00458176-00458375 how far is that still a peripheral
nj5_4PKBB_4-01803-00458376-00458718 economy it's seen as more integrated
nj5_4PKBB_4-01804-00458719-00458918 as successful
nj5_4PKBB_4-01805-00458919-00459143 but for a layer of people
nj5_4PKBB_4-01806-00459143-00459351 for a layer of people
nj5_4PKBB_4-01807-00459352-00459527 layer of people there's high
nj5_4PKBB_4-01808-00459528-00459743 unemployment there's
nj5_4PKBB_4-01809-00459743-00459918 poor contracts
nj5_4PKBB_4-01810-00459919-00460095 there's visible
nj5_4PKBB_4-01811-00460096-00460399 and hidden you know huge poverty
nj5_4PKBB_4-01812-00460400-00460479 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01813-00460480-00460847 i i i think
nj5_4PKBB_4-01814-00460847-00461039 i think the idea of a periphery can
nj5_4PKBB_4-01815-00461039-00461310 detract from that and also from the fact
nj5_4PKBB_4-01816-00461312-00461495 that within core
nj5_4PKBB_4-01817-00461496-00461791 capitalist countries there are also sort
nj5_4PKBB_4-01818-00461792-00462047 of vast inequalities if you come to
nj5_4PKBB_4-01819-00462047-00462159 britain
nj5_4PKBB_4-01820-00462160-00462335 and you go to london
nj5_4PKBB_4-01821-00462335-00462566 and then you go somewhere else you could
nj5_4PKBB_4-01822-00462567-00462727 think that you were in two different
nj5_4PKBB_4-01823-00462728-00462831 worlds
nj5_4PKBB_4-01824-00462832-00463047 because of the way
nj5_4PKBB_4-01825-00463047-00463327 you know those inequalities work so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01826-00463328-00463510 perhaps i shouldn't have dismissed them
nj5_4PKBB_4-01827-00463512-00463670 perhaps i should have said i think we
nj5_4PKBB_4-01828-00463671-00463807 have to be
nj5_4PKBB_4-01829-00463808-00463999 very very cautious
nj5_4PKBB_4-01830-00464000-00464318 those notions of
nj5_4PKBB_4-01831-00464319-00464583 advanced and peripheral economies which
nj5_4PKBB_4-01832-00464584-00464935 i think were perhaps more clear before
nj5_4PKBB_4-01833-00464935-00465207 are less so in countries like brazil how
nj5_4PKBB_4-01834-00465208-00465518 do we you know how do we theorize how do
nj5_4PKBB_4-01835-00465519-00465687 we clear out that
nj5_4PKBB_4-01836-00465688-00465807 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01837-00465808-00465910 so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01838-00465912-00466118 perhaps i'm not saying that we reject
nj5_4PKBB_4-01839-00466119-00466343 them totally i think we have to be very
nj5_4PKBB_4-01840-00466343-00466495 cautious
nj5_4PKBB_4-01841-00466496-00466710 in terms of not recognizing inequalities
nj5_4PKBB_4-01842-00466712-00467110 between them and the existence of class
nj5_4PKBB_4-01843-00467112-00467607 rather than the nation nation state
nj5_4PKBB_4-01844-00467608-00468999 there was another question
nj5_4PKBB_4-01845-00469000-00469255 it was a more economic one uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01846-00469256-00469439 i think there are several economic
nj5_4PKBB_4-01847-00469439-00469766 reasons why we should speak still uh
nj5_4PKBB_4-01848-00469767-00470087 uh in terms of peripheral countries but
nj5_4PKBB_4-01849-00470088-00470255 um
nj5_4PKBB_4-01850-00470256-00470318 it's
nj5_4PKBB_4-01851-00470319-00470470 more like i wanted to hear your opinion
nj5_4PKBB_4-01852-00470471-00470614 about it but i think you have actually
nj5_4PKBB_4-01853-00470615-00470807 answered it so
nj5_4PKBB_4-01854-00470808-00471096 that's it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00000-00000088-00000279 what's good youtube i'm back for some
nkDHLDKfhn4-00001-00000280-00000503 more episode pokemon clover
nkDHLDKfhn4-00002-00000504-00000734 um last time i completed the mexican
nkDHLDKfhn4-00003-00000735-00000831 size quest
nkDHLDKfhn4-00004-00000832-00001191 so i got the item to get rid of this
nkDHLDKfhn4-00005-00001192-00001478 nasty thing whatever this is yeah poof
nkDHLDKfhn4-00006-00001479-00002534 poop flute
nkDHLDKfhn4-00007-00002535-00002871 cool right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00008-00002872-00003183 let me explain the song and
nkDHLDKfhn4-00009-00003184-00003335 let's let's find out what happened after
nkDHLDKfhn4-00010-00003336-00003495 the song is
nkDHLDKfhn4-00011-00003496-00003743 played um oh it's it's kind of like
nkDHLDKfhn4-00012-00003744-00003831 snore like right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00013-00003832-00004511 it's gonna attack
nkDHLDKfhn4-00014-00004512-00004806 i don't know pronounce that name oh my
nkDHLDKfhn4-00015-00004807-00004975 god the first two
nkDHLDKfhn4-00016-00004976-00005327 word i mean the the four
nkDHLDKfhn4-00017-00005328-00005683 first word in spanish is disgusting
nkDHLDKfhn4-00018-00005684-00005943 um i want to say the word but you know
nkDHLDKfhn4-00019-00005944-00006270 what i mean right that's what it is
nkDHLDKfhn4-00020-00006271-00006998 i don't know what type is this though
nkDHLDKfhn4-00021-00007000-00008055 i guess i'm gonna catch it though
nkDHLDKfhn4-00022-00008056-00008303 i don't know what type this is must be
nkDHLDKfhn4-00023-00008304-00008895 poison and something i don't know
nkDHLDKfhn4-00024-00008896-00009071 yeah it had to be poison i don't know
nkDHLDKfhn4-00025-00009072-00009735 what
nkDHLDKfhn4-00026-00009736-00009887 it looked like poison the ground because
nkDHLDKfhn4-00027-00009888-00010327 it's dirt right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00028-00010328-00010655 oh my god really forgot to get
nkDHLDKfhn4-00029-00010656-00010974 more uh
nkDHLDKfhn4-00030-00010975-00011887 know what i want to use
nkDHLDKfhn4-00031-00011888-00012110 yes i did not expect to catch it in the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00032-00012111-00012310 first try
nkDHLDKfhn4-00033-00012311-00012519 i forgot to get more great balls but
nkDHLDKfhn4-00034-00012520-00012663 whatever
nkDHLDKfhn4-00035-00012664-00012791 what i didn't get to do anything off
nkDHLDKfhn4-00036-00012792-00012999 screen though just
nkDHLDKfhn4-00037-00013000-00013351 just stop where is um spook out
nkDHLDKfhn4-00038-00013352-00013751 okay basically it's like um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00039-00013752-00013958 a fake out ghost type but this is
nkDHLDKfhn4-00040-00013959-00014079 stronger right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00041-00014080-00014758 a little bit longer than fakeout um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00042-00014759-00014943 do i want to recover i don't think so i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00043-00014944-00015086 don't need to recover
nkDHLDKfhn4-00044-00015087-00016191 screw that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00045-00016191-00016463 yeah this gunk pokemon course has to be
nkDHLDKfhn4-00046-00016464-00016799 poisoned right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00047-00016800-00016950 the other placement are intimidated by
nkDHLDKfhn4-00048-00016951-00017167 my super rod
nkDHLDKfhn4-00049-00017168-00017814 oh okay interesting
nkDHLDKfhn4-00050-00017815-00017983 i'm gonna go fast work this is gonna be
nkDHLDKfhn4-00051-00017984-00019319 a long battle
nkDHLDKfhn4-00052-00019320-00019639 yeah yes but i'm not a fast forward just
nkDHLDKfhn4-00053-00019640-00019943 some pointless battle until i even
nkDHLDKfhn4-00054-00019944-00020150 fought this trainer it's just
nkDHLDKfhn4-00055-00020151-00020399 it's too weak i don't think i don't need
nkDHLDKfhn4-00056-00020400-00020591 to i don't need 20 years to grind you
nkDHLDKfhn4-00057-00020592-00021007 know
nkDHLDKfhn4-00058-00021008-00021647 to lure uh no continue
nkDHLDKfhn4-00059-00021648-00021983 with this would it kill oh he did
nkDHLDKfhn4-00060-00021984-00022350 okay
nkDHLDKfhn4-00061-00022351-00022671 glory grace
nkDHLDKfhn4-00062-00022672-00022950 i think it's grass and water right yeah
nkDHLDKfhn4-00063-00022951-00023903 it is
nkDHLDKfhn4-00064-00023904-00024230 x
nkDHLDKfhn4-00065-00024231-00024414 my name is dracula and i like dragons
nkDHLDKfhn4-00066-00024415-00024583 i'm not like the other kid at school i'm
nkDHLDKfhn4-00067-00024584-00024799 deep and complicated
nkDHLDKfhn4-00068-00024800-00025111 cool
nkDHLDKfhn4-00069-00025112-00025358 a strainer draco you must have a dragon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00070-00025359-00025511 pokemon right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00071-00025512-00025855 oh you're dragging is
nkDHLDKfhn4-00072-00025856-00026302 cool
nkDHLDKfhn4-00073-00026304-00026495 i think you're dragging a normal type
nkDHLDKfhn4-00074-00026495-00026662 right it use
nkDHLDKfhn4-00075-00026663-00027014 you do have a scary ability
nkDHLDKfhn4-00076-00027016-00027223 it's not sheer part right you must have
nkDHLDKfhn4-00077-00027224-00027502 um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00078-00027504-00027687 i don't know what ability you have it's
nkDHLDKfhn4-00079-00027688-00028023 a hustle ability that is so much
nkDHLDKfhn4-00080-00028024-00028399 you must be so strong though
nkDHLDKfhn4-00081-00028400-00028574 oh no don't tell me the other way is
nkDHLDKfhn4-00082-00028575-00028727 gonna
nkDHLDKfhn4-00083-00028727-00029199 uh thank you lord they survive
nkDHLDKfhn4-00084-00029200-00029483 oh that was pretty scary don't hurt my
nkDHLDKfhn4-00085-00029483-00029599 kidneys
nkDHLDKfhn4-00086-00029600-00029870 i'll do anything even let you borrow
nkDHLDKfhn4-00087-00029872-00029990 some of my dragon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00088-00029991-00030774 filters
nkDHLDKfhn4-00089-00030775-00031174 what that is that's messed up you saw
nkDHLDKfhn4-00090-00031175-00031823 that right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00091-00031824-00031943 you can't keep them though they were
nkDHLDKfhn4-00092-00031944-00032143 really expensive
nkDHLDKfhn4-00093-00032144-00032311 i'll tell mom i have them or she'll send
nkDHLDKfhn4-00094-00032312-00032527 me back to charity damn man what the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00095-00032527-00032855 heck
nkDHLDKfhn4-00096-00032856-00033159 route 13
nkDHLDKfhn4-00097-00033160-00033343 how long is it how long will it take us
nkDHLDKfhn4-00098-00033344-00033639 to get to that uh next
nkDHLDKfhn4-00099-00033640-00033959 um let me see what are we where are we i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00100-00033960-00034039 mean not what
nkDHLDKfhn4-00101-00034040-00034974 are we oh that is gonna be a lot though
nkDHLDKfhn4-00102-00034975-00035567 oh my god what the heck i don't see
nkDHLDKfhn4-00103-00035568-00036543 kira this is a pure water type right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00104-00036544-00036774 man that dragon poke was strong look how
nkDHLDKfhn4-00105-00036775-00036887 much it damn it just
nkDHLDKfhn4-00106-00036888-00037327 took one uh what a smart
nkDHLDKfhn4-00107-00037328-00037655 bastard and they have one record
nkDHLDKfhn4-00108-00037656-00038102 of course gotta have that ability right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00109-00038103-00038399 thank you what do i do here your ghost
nkDHLDKfhn4-00110-00038400-00038799 and grass right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00111-00038800-00039246 what the hell you wanna do i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00112-00039247-00039423 know what i'm going to predict a ghost
nkDHLDKfhn4-00113-00039424-00039623 move because
nkDHLDKfhn4-00114-00039624-00040095 it's it's a pretty scary pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00115-00040096-00040487 you're not predicting also i mean
nkDHLDKfhn4-00116-00040488-00040662 yeah pretty take a ghost move now
nkDHLDKfhn4-00117-00040663-00040799 freaking hammer off are you gonna
nkDHLDKfhn4-00118-00040800-00041158 use that it's a freaking smart
nkDHLDKfhn4-00119-00041159-00041599 trainer please do not use shadow
nkDHLDKfhn4-00120-00041600-00041879 ghost move whatever shadow claws cool
nkDHLDKfhn4-00121-00041880-00041958 okay actually
nkDHLDKfhn4-00122-00041959-00042279 daddy i predict that i predicted a
nkDHLDKfhn4-00123-00042280-00042446 hammer arm because i was right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00124-00042447-00042983 it used that and didn't do anything
nkDHLDKfhn4-00125-00042984-00043390 that's the word ghost grass type though
nkDHLDKfhn4-00126-00043391-00043702 um next uh
nkDHLDKfhn4-00127-00043703-00044574 the first months right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00128-00044575-00044702 it's kind of thing because i don't have
nkDHLDKfhn4-00129-00044703-00044958 nothing to sweat in two right oh
nkDHLDKfhn4-00130-00044959-00045679 spiral free right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00131-00045680-00046283 55 it grew
nkDHLDKfhn4-00132-00046284-00046711 x i think i know who that is i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00133-00046712-00047086 isn't that the um no the fire starter
nkDHLDKfhn4-00134-00047087-00047174 pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00135-00047175-00047367 i think nothing i think you start with
nkDHLDKfhn4-00136-00047368-00048367 that equal
nkDHLDKfhn4-00137-00048368-00048558 i don't know it's a critical hit almost
nkDHLDKfhn4-00138-00048559-00048758 defeated with that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00139-00048759-00049007 weak water move that's hit like it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00140-00049008-00049158 doesn't hit once but
nkDHLDKfhn4-00141-00049159-00049455 it it hit like two or two to five times
nkDHLDKfhn4-00142-00049456-00049574 like bullets even though
nkDHLDKfhn4-00143-00049575-00049839 um you know how it goes with that the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00144-00049840-00049902 weak move
nkDHLDKfhn4-00145-00049903-00050118 he fight time but now all the time
nkDHLDKfhn4-00146-00050119-00050207 sometime
nkDHLDKfhn4-00147-00050208-00050518 five the most um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00148-00050519-00050846 okay where am i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00149-00050847-00052254 oh yeah i need repel for this
nkDHLDKfhn4-00150-00052255-00052559 ick stranger danger what
nkDHLDKfhn4-00151-00052560-00052942 the heck
nkDHLDKfhn4-00152-00052944-00053319 beauty maya will you stop doing this
nkDHLDKfhn4-00153-00053320-00054423 phone like keep turning um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00154-00054424-00055199 okay it's going it should go down yeah
nkDHLDKfhn4-00155-00055200-00055630 i cannot wait to get it up um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00156-00055632-00055966 i bust this
nkDHLDKfhn4-00157-00055967-00056215 i think you're we fourteen weeks to
nkDHLDKfhn4-00158-00056216-00056382 steal right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00159-00056383-00056511 i think you're not you're not just an
nkDHLDKfhn4-00160-00056512-00056742 ice type i think you're ice and fake
nkDHLDKfhn4-00161-00056744-00057126 right i said fairy
nkDHLDKfhn4-00162-00057127-00057503 maybe i don't know i never used that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00163-00057504-00057726 pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00164-00057727-00057959 don't don't just leave me alone yeah
nkDHLDKfhn4-00165-00057960-00058230 whatever
nkDHLDKfhn4-00166-00058232-00058671 what is this oh max repel cool
nkDHLDKfhn4-00167-00058672-00059487 let's use it now because i need it now
nkDHLDKfhn4-00168-00059488-00061150 where is it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00169-00061151-00061415 all i all i have are verb pokemon and i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00170-00061416-00061711 hate it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00171-00061712-00061903 then what do you have them then why they
nkDHLDKfhn4-00172-00061904-00062647 have bird pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00173-00062648-00062863 uh yeah i don't have this pokemon but i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00174-00062864-00062959 do have the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00175-00062960-00063271 the pre-evolution of this pokemon i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00176-00063272-00063415 don't know how good is
nkDHLDKfhn4-00177-00063416-00063742 how good is this pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00178-00063744-00064271 i never use it though
nkDHLDKfhn4-00179-00064272-00064406 same thing i said i mean i never used
nkDHLDKfhn4-00180-00064407-00064750 sediment before
nkDHLDKfhn4-00181-00064751-00064991 i don't i can't you don't care about the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00182-00064991-00065071 defense but
nkDHLDKfhn4-00183-00065072-00065943 i see you some you self-boil right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00184-00065944-00067423 bear how this annoying poke yeah
nkDHLDKfhn4-00185-00067424-00067687 pearlescent would be nice for that yeah
nkDHLDKfhn4-00186-00067688-00069703 but took no damage from this trainer
nkDHLDKfhn4-00187-00069704-00069919 why equipment organization always won by
nkDHLDKfhn4-00188-00069920-00070082 men i'm sick of the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00189-00070083-00070582 discrimination what
nkDHLDKfhn4-00190-00070583-00071855 venomous in in words
nkDHLDKfhn4-00191-00071856-00072031 yeah i remember that pokemon gave me a
nkDHLDKfhn4-00192-00072032-00072247 hard time or
nkDHLDKfhn4-00193-00072248-00072575 on the second game leader her dream blur
nkDHLDKfhn4-00194-00072576-00072806 read out the ace pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00195-00072807-00073455 that fat blue
nkDHLDKfhn4-00196-00073456-00074247 abortion um what type is that seriously
nkDHLDKfhn4-00197-00074248-00074550 i don't know this psychic ghost or
nkDHLDKfhn4-00198-00074551-00075223 psychic psychic dark
nkDHLDKfhn4-00199-00075224-00075682 but i'm sure that's a super bulky
nkDHLDKfhn4-00200-00075683-00076087 pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00201-00076088-00076567 yeah it has to be the um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00202-00076568-00076782 i don't know what type are you you
nkDHLDKfhn4-00203-00076783-00077831 psychic dark i don't know
nkDHLDKfhn4-00204-00077832-00078087 man the pals i don't know what wait what
nkDHLDKfhn4-00205-00078088-00078871 what type is that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00206-00078872-00079871 let's go um oh wait what
nkDHLDKfhn4-00207-00079872-00080143 are you ground or something oh yeah it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00208-00080144-00080903 must be ground
nkDHLDKfhn4-00209-00080904-00081055 nice i defeated this train oh you
nkDHLDKfhn4-00210-00081056-00081294 wouldn't understand
nkDHLDKfhn4-00211-00081295-00081438 well i don't understand anything so
nkDHLDKfhn4-00212-00081439-00081599 whatever
nkDHLDKfhn4-00213-00081600-00082006 not my problem right um bug catcher
nkDHLDKfhn4-00214-00082007-00082262 i can't phone two nursing quest properly
nkDHLDKfhn4-00215-00082263-00082662 but you're not even a trainer right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00216-00082663-00082999 video games are stupid
nkDHLDKfhn4-00217-00083000-00083382 uh nope it's fun you
nkDHLDKfhn4-00218-00083383-00083743 freaking gamer adrian
nkDHLDKfhn4-00219-00083744-00083959 okay if you if the thing video game are
nkDHLDKfhn4-00220-00083960-00084175 stupid why do you call yourself
nkDHLDKfhn4-00221-00084176-00084550 gamer adrian right of course muscle up
nkDHLDKfhn4-00222-00084551-00084687 you're supposed to love video game but
nkDHLDKfhn4-00223-00084688-00084894 that's what you if you are a gamer right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00224-00084895-00085391 it'll make sense
nkDHLDKfhn4-00225-00085392-00085791 here on the laura that must be um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00226-00085792-00085967 i don't have a freaking fart type i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00227-00085968-00086631 don't have that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00228-00086632-00086847 i know it's weak shoe fighting so that's
nkDHLDKfhn4-00229-00086848-00087118 what i'm gonna go
nkDHLDKfhn4-00230-00087119-00087615 no queen you
nkDHLDKfhn4-00231-00087616-00088103 of course gonna be super slow
nkDHLDKfhn4-00232-00088104-00088279 but it does have the ability reckless it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00233-00088280-00088438 boosts uh
nkDHLDKfhn4-00234-00088439-00088750 a move that us they do um record damage
nkDHLDKfhn4-00235-00088751-00088918 i think right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00236-00088919-00089271 uh fontava
nkDHLDKfhn4-00237-00089272-00089682 but africa man what type is that i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00238-00089683-00089806 forgot
nkDHLDKfhn4-00239-00089807-00090526 oh just a freaking unknown right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00240-00090527-00091082 oh that almost killed it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00241-00091083-00091255 almost
nkDHLDKfhn4-00242-00091256-00091631 that's a week so far is so weak but
nkDHLDKfhn4-00243-00091632-00091806 if you boost the static that move
nkDHLDKfhn4-00244-00091807-00092023 becomes stronger but
nkDHLDKfhn4-00245-00092024-00092343 you're just pissing me off
nkDHLDKfhn4-00246-00092344-00092662 i also follow mom
nkDHLDKfhn4-00247-00092663-00093094 gamer agents man
nkDHLDKfhn4-00248-00093095-00093550 the trainer got ease you man
nkDHLDKfhn4-00249-00093551-00094006 okay i know the next round is um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00250-00094007-00094318 hey over here
nkDHLDKfhn4-00251-00094319-00094894 time to bring up thunder yeah
nkDHLDKfhn4-00252-00094895-00095406 rocker luka
nkDHLDKfhn4-00253-00095407-00096015 off with the same pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00254-00096016-00096326 what can you do not
nkDHLDKfhn4-00255-00096327-00096599 much right i know it's levitate but i'm
nkDHLDKfhn4-00256-00096600-00097359 just gonna go for the um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00257-00097360-00097559 you got thunder and i don't have thunder
nkDHLDKfhn4-00258-00097560-00097887 are you kidding me
nkDHLDKfhn4-00259-00097888-00098223 keep using that get lost with the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00260-00098224-00099303 thunder
nkDHLDKfhn4-00261-00099304-00099447 i mean it's not like i want thunder
nkDHLDKfhn4-00262-00099448-00099694 right i mean i prefer to use thunderbolt
nkDHLDKfhn4-00263-00099695-00100047 right but this
nkDHLDKfhn4-00264-00100048-00100311 other person that 100 accuracy but if
nkDHLDKfhn4-00265-00100312-00100511 you teach thunder
nkDHLDKfhn4-00266-00100512-00100894 worth it it's gonna miss um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00267-00100895-00101071 i think it's like 75 percent accuracy
nkDHLDKfhn4-00268-00101072-00101567 which not willing to teach uh move this
nkDHLDKfhn4-00269-00101568-00101806 this is a lot you know like i have but i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00270-00101807-00101926 don't have any luck
nkDHLDKfhn4-00271-00101927-00102262 using uh a move there's not there's no
nkDHLDKfhn4-00272-00102263-00102406 hundred percent accuracy
nkDHLDKfhn4-00273-00102407-00102615 i'm gonna fast forward this because it's
nkDHLDKfhn4-00274-00102616-00102894 a long battle
nkDHLDKfhn4-00275-00102895-00103502 um no but i was supposed to use um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00276-00103503-00104534 there you go flash cannon yeah
nkDHLDKfhn4-00277-00104535-00105823 okay condom can't handle that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00278-00105824-00106151 a freaking fighting banana
nkDHLDKfhn4-00279-00106152-00106310 i don't know what that is it's fire
nkDHLDKfhn4-00280-00106311-00106551 fairy right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00281-00106552-00106927 she's not gonna survive
nkDHLDKfhn4-00282-00106928-00107263 next
nkDHLDKfhn4-00283-00107264-00107583 the pedo um i think it's ground so i'm
nkDHLDKfhn4-00284-00107583-00107751 gonna stay in
nkDHLDKfhn4-00285-00107752-00108015 just come and go that's not that's not a
nkDHLDKfhn4-00286-00108016-00108175 grass type
nkDHLDKfhn4-00287-00108176-00108327 at first i thought it was a quest type
nkDHLDKfhn4-00288-00108328-00108534 but then i realized it's just a ground
nkDHLDKfhn4-00289-00108535-00108815 type
nkDHLDKfhn4-00290-00108816-00108975 i guess it makes sense because it's a
nkDHLDKfhn4-00291-00108976-00109399 freaking potatoes right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00292-00109400-00109734 a potato be a grass type no
nkDHLDKfhn4-00293-00109735-00110047 right no yeah yeah
nkDHLDKfhn4-00294-00110048-00110327 i see why it's a quantity i guess ground
nkDHLDKfhn4-00295-00110328-00110527 type make more sense for that potato
nkDHLDKfhn4-00296-00110528-00110863 pokemon you know
nkDHLDKfhn4-00297-00110864-00111302 no rock smash right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00298-00111303-00111719 okay i know we gotta um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00299-00111720-00112086 you think i'm weak so you wanna show who
nkDHLDKfhn4-00300-00112088-00112607 better boy i'll teach you a lesson
nkDHLDKfhn4-00301-00112608-00113327 uh what what type are you
nkDHLDKfhn4-00302-00113328-00113566 wow you're gonna annoy me annoying me
nkDHLDKfhn4-00303-00113567-00113783 with that strategy
nkDHLDKfhn4-00304-00113783-00114110 you serious are you serious
nkDHLDKfhn4-00305-00114111-00114534 uh oh
nkDHLDKfhn4-00306-00114535-00114775 wait i'm an idiot i had a water pulled
nkDHLDKfhn4-00307-00114776-00115686 what's wrong with me man
nkDHLDKfhn4-00308-00115688-00116471 are you kidding me how are you gonna
nkDHLDKfhn4-00309-00116472-00116863 oh my gosh
nkDHLDKfhn4-00310-00116864-00117566 this is so annoying man
nkDHLDKfhn4-00311-00117567-00118334 this battle is like never gonna end
nkDHLDKfhn4-00312-00118335-00118663 yes i'm glad they improved to sleep
nkDHLDKfhn4-00313-00118664-00118878 this this needs to go down yeah get out
nkDHLDKfhn4-00314-00118879-00119095 of here
nkDHLDKfhn4-00315-00119096-00119663 and what an annoying opponent right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00316-00119664-00120015 i mean you're not you're not weak while
nkDHLDKfhn4-00317-00120016-00120199 you're super annoying with that strategy
nkDHLDKfhn4-00318-00120200-00120319 boy
nkDHLDKfhn4-00319-00120320-00120807 but then i'm glad you're defeated you
nkDHLDKfhn4-00320-00120808-00121063 i'm gonna leave a new hole in your what
nkDHLDKfhn4-00321-00121064-00121883 what's wrong with this dude
nkDHLDKfhn4-00322-00121883-00122631 bakub
nkDHLDKfhn4-00323-00122632-00122799 uh well i didn't go for the water
nkDHLDKfhn4-00324-00122800-00122999 pulls uh i think
nkDHLDKfhn4-00325-00123000-00123214 i think my head is going it's not there
nkDHLDKfhn4-00326-00123215-00123319 you know it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00327-00123320-00124078 didn't matter anyway it went down
nkDHLDKfhn4-00328-00124079-00124319 another coupe but this time i'm gonna
nkDHLDKfhn4-00329-00124320-00124463 use waterfalls because
nkDHLDKfhn4-00330-00124464-00124886 this is a fire normal type
nkDHLDKfhn4-00331-00124888-00125063 gonna remind me of titty orsa though i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00332-00125064-00125471 don't know why
nkDHLDKfhn4-00333-00125472-00126083 and they kind of sound like teddy orza
nkDHLDKfhn4-00334-00126083-00126199 too
nkDHLDKfhn4-00335-00126200-00126366 i know that's the next blue snowback
nkDHLDKfhn4-00336-00126367-00126990 coupe or earth wine
nkDHLDKfhn4-00337-00126991-00127239 well the rain is giving me the i'm gonna
nkDHLDKfhn4-00338-00127240-00127454 take advantage of the rain because
nkDHLDKfhn4-00339-00127455-00128007 it's gonna why not take advantage right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00340-00128008-00128551 oh that was delicious man what
nkDHLDKfhn4-00341-00128552-00129302 that do is crazy
nkDHLDKfhn4-00342-00129303-00129463 get some bird for sales here i'll give
nkDHLDKfhn4-00343-00129464-00129647 you a demo
nkDHLDKfhn4-00344-00129648-00130014 i i guess
nkDHLDKfhn4-00345-00130015-00130439 bird keeper i would
nkDHLDKfhn4-00346-00130440-00130783 dirky oh
nkDHLDKfhn4-00347-00130783-00131183 i'm interested to use this pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00348-00131184-00131423 oh i i think i got this i got the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00349-00131424-00131623 revolution though of this pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00350-00131624-00132119 so i might use it um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00351-00132120-00132390 later maybe after um maybe in the post
nkDHLDKfhn4-00352-00132391-00132502 game i don't know
nkDHLDKfhn4-00353-00132503-00132966 or maybe during the pokemon league
nkDHLDKfhn4-00354-00132967-00133278 i think we start is ice and lion
nkDHLDKfhn4-00355-00133279-00133478 yeah so i'm just gonna stay in and go
nkDHLDKfhn4-00356-00133479-00133719 for thunderbolt so why not stay in
nkDHLDKfhn4-00357-00133720-00133871 why would i use somebody else for that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00358-00133872-00134127 right i think it's the best encounter
nkDHLDKfhn4-00359-00134128-00135031 to counter this pokemon up next
nkDHLDKfhn4-00360-00135032-00135351 uh so what's gonna uh i remember this
nkDHLDKfhn4-00361-00135352-00135447 it's lion
nkDHLDKfhn4-00362-00135448-00135766 and ground
nkDHLDKfhn4-00363-00135767-00136071 yeah guys i'm trying to you know um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00364-00136072-00136551 find a job and
nkDHLDKfhn4-00365-00136552-00136935 you know life i i learned something in
nkDHLDKfhn4-00366-00136936-00137087 life you know um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00367-00137088-00137414 i used to work at walmart's again after
nkDHLDKfhn4-00368-00137415-00137671 but then i realized that it's because
nkDHLDKfhn4-00369-00137672-00137807 you hate your job it doesn't mean you
nkDHLDKfhn4-00370-00137808-00138007 quit uh whenever you want to know
nkDHLDKfhn4-00371-00138008-00138271 um you can quit when you have plan b but
nkDHLDKfhn4-00372-00138272-00138375 you don't have a plan b
nkDHLDKfhn4-00373-00138376-00138783 then your life is i don't know it's
nkDHLDKfhn4-00374-00138784-00139039 gonna be messed up that's all i can say
nkDHLDKfhn4-00375-00139040-00139287 i don't want you you guys to make the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00376-00139288-00139559 same mistake like i did so
nkDHLDKfhn4-00377-00139560-00139807 just take my advice um take your life
nkDHLDKfhn4-00378-00139808-00139919 serious
nkDHLDKfhn4-00379-00139920-00140902 um birdman
nkDHLDKfhn4-00380-00140903-00141078 yeah i just want to i just want to
nkDHLDKfhn4-00381-00141079-00141247 finish route 15 and that's
nkDHLDKfhn4-00382-00141248-00141807 it um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00383-00141808-00142278 ellie jambo
nkDHLDKfhn4-00384-00142279-00142390 yeah because i don't want to make this
nkDHLDKfhn4-00385-00142391-00142623 video too long so i'll try keep it to 30
nkDHLDKfhn4-00386-00142624-00142735 minutes
nkDHLDKfhn4-00387-00142736-00143607 for 40 minute the max i think right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00388-00143608-00144559 what you lift that come on man
nkDHLDKfhn4-00389-00144560-00144807 oh it survived one issue i cannot
nkDHLDKfhn4-00390-00144808-00145087 believe that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00391-00145088-00145551 uh let's see
nkDHLDKfhn4-00392-00145552-00145759 let's continue with this okay okay this
nkDHLDKfhn4-00393-00145760-00146295 is a hiker right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00394-00146296-00146478 when i hike and i make overrated in
nkDHLDKfhn4-00395-00146479-00147047 these games
nkDHLDKfhn4-00396-00147048-00147343 yup there ain't no rock ain't no rock
nkDHLDKfhn4-00397-00147344-00147726 type
nkDHLDKfhn4-00398-00147727-00148375 oh my god that's gonna hurt a lot yep
nkDHLDKfhn4-00399-00148376-00148535 you should have used muddy water
nkDHLDKfhn4-00400-00148536-00149607 seriously
nkDHLDKfhn4-00401-00149608-00149943 are you serious
nkDHLDKfhn4-00402-00149944-00150790 it live that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00403-00150791-00151151 x you what
nkDHLDKfhn4-00404-00151152-00151407 me you want me oh okay uh against that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00405-00151408-00151654 one trying to say
nkDHLDKfhn4-00406-00151655-00151895 man i want this pokemon it look cool i
nkDHLDKfhn4-00407-00151896-00152190 want to get it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00408-00152191-00152399 uh what type are you yeah i think you're
nkDHLDKfhn4-00409-00152400-00152683 still on psychic right so i'm just gonna
nkDHLDKfhn4-00410-00152684-00153039 switch
nkDHLDKfhn4-00411-00153040-00153343 that's a nice switch so please do not
nkDHLDKfhn4-00412-00153344-00153463 get inflamed shoulder man please don't
nkDHLDKfhn4-00413-00153464-00153519 get flamed
nkDHLDKfhn4-00414-00153520-00153878 good man i man i really want this
nkDHLDKfhn4-00415-00153879-00154078 pokemon i want to get it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00416-00154079-00154278 they look a badass pokemon i want to get
nkDHLDKfhn4-00417-00154279-00155287 it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00418-00155288-00155631 i think i went any pokemon here nuclear
nkDHLDKfhn4-00419-00155632-00155719 type
nkDHLDKfhn4-00420-00155720-00156031 ah yeah that'll be we train hard 24 7.
nkDHLDKfhn4-00421-00156032-00156471 you can't beat both of us
nkDHLDKfhn4-00422-00156472-00156999 well let's see about that
nkDHLDKfhn4-00423-00157000-00157326 not good uh it's not
nkDHLDKfhn4-00424-00157327-00157687 oh my gosh or i guess i'm switching out
nkDHLDKfhn4-00425-00157688-00158054 here
nkDHLDKfhn4-00426-00158055-00158871 oh i'm just gonna stay in whatever
nkDHLDKfhn4-00427-00158872-00160663 it left it lived
nkDHLDKfhn4-00428-00160664-00162295 was gonna change on my settlement right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00429-00162296-00163023 nice we're still not good enough
nkDHLDKfhn4-00430-00163024-00164454 oh i'm gonna continue
nkDHLDKfhn4-00431-00164455-00165063 starting with my checklist so well
nkDHLDKfhn4-00432-00165064-00165526 what cool
nkDHLDKfhn4-00433-00165527-00165719 you hear the joke about the 45 year old
nkDHLDKfhn4-00434-00165720-00165983 woman try to cast it surely
nkDHLDKfhn4-00435-00165984-00166414 what
nkDHLDKfhn4-00436-00166415-00166863 fisherman wilbur monstrapp
nkDHLDKfhn4-00437-00166864-00167214 i think that's uh
nkDHLDKfhn4-00438-00167215-00167663 water and dark i believe
nkDHLDKfhn4-00439-00167664-00167863 oh yeah i used that pokemon last time
nkDHLDKfhn4-00440-00167864-00168023 when i play um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00441-00168024-00168238 pokemon clover but the older version not
nkDHLDKfhn4-00442-00168239-00168502 not this version though
nkDHLDKfhn4-00443-00168503-00168702 gonna knock up my item no you got
nkDHLDKfhn4-00444-00168703-00169254 nothing to knock up right
nkDHLDKfhn4-00445-00169255-00169447 and we better like so many trainers
nkDHLDKfhn4-00446-00169448-00169623 still gotta go to another route to get
nkDHLDKfhn4-00447-00169624-00170751 to get to
nkDHLDKfhn4-00448-00170752-00171102 date master i think that's um
nkDHLDKfhn4-00449-00171103-00171319 no i'm gonna i'm gonna go i'm gonna use
nkDHLDKfhn4-00450-00171320-00171423 the electricity
nkDHLDKfhn4-00451-00171424-00171838 type for that i think it's water and
nkDHLDKfhn4-00452-00171839-00174183 ferry or water psyche is one of those
nkDHLDKfhn4-00453-00174184-00174751 instead okay
nkDHLDKfhn4-00454-00174752-00174943 you can store a load of empty pokemon
nkDHLDKfhn4-00455-00174944-00175095 you're back but you can only
nkDHLDKfhn4-00456-00175096-00175295 receive pokeball with pokemon in the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00457-00175296-00175454 area i already know that yeah
nkDHLDKfhn4-00458-00175455-00176078 okay
nkDHLDKfhn4-00459-00176079-00176463 uh this is a hilly spot please tell me
nkDHLDKfhn4-00460-00176464-00176726 you can heal in here because it's
nkDHLDKfhn4-00461-00176727-00176854 necessary
nkDHLDKfhn4-00462-00176855-00177302 really necessary yeah
nkDHLDKfhn4-00463-00177303-00177654 you know what guys um it's about 30
nkDHLDKfhn4-00464-00177655-00177759 minutes
nkDHLDKfhn4-00465-00177760-00178071 in so stop
nkDHLDKfhn4-00466-00178072-00178231 when i end the episode here think it's a
nkDHLDKfhn4-00467-00178232-00178399 good time to end it
nkDHLDKfhn4-00468-00178400-00178654 man each route is long a lot of training
nkDHLDKfhn4-00469-00178655-00178775 to battle was still not
nkDHLDKfhn4-00470-00178776-00179231 at the i was expecting to battle
nkDHLDKfhn4-00471-00179232-00179454 uh dimly kenya west but no i'm not there
nkDHLDKfhn4-00472-00179455-00179623 yet i just need one more route
nkDHLDKfhn4-00473-00179624-00179823 after this route round 15 and then after
nkDHLDKfhn4-00474-00179824-00179951 that you get to battle
nkDHLDKfhn4-00475-00179952-00180190 with kenya west um see you guys on the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00476-00180191-00180278 next episode
nkDHLDKfhn4-00477-00180279-00180687 please be safe uh have a nice day
nkDHLDKfhn4-00478-00180688-00180990 don't forget to hit the
nkDHLDKfhn4-00479-00180991-00181263 bell notification button if you guys
nkDHLDKfhn4-00480-00181264-00181311 enjoy
nkDHLDKfhn4-00481-00181312-00181719 my channel please don't forget to
nkDHLDKfhn4-00482-00181720-00181895 subscribe
nkDHLDKfhn4-00483-00181896-00182384 um bye
nkI222PS_7M-00001-00005925-00007542 [Music]
nkI222PS_7M-00002-00007543-00008566 [Music]
nlM-ufcTjJY-00000-00000008-00000182 there are no
nlM-ufcTjJY-00001-00000183-00000511 subtractions and divisions in our mind
nlM-ufcTjJY-00002-00000512-00000655 there is only addition and
nlM-ufcTjJY-00003-00000656-00000886 multiplication i will just remove
nlM-ufcTjJY-00004-00000888-00001039 negative thoughts and i will have
nlM-ufcTjJY-00005-00001040-00001270 positive thoughts all the best it's not
nlM-ufcTjJY-00006-00001271-00001462 going to work it's just that you need to
nlM-ufcTjJY-00007-00001463-00001655 pay little attention as to how it
nlM-ufcTjJY-00008-00001655-00001847 functions you will see there is a
nlM-ufcTjJY-00009-00001848-00002134 distinction between what is you and what
nlM-ufcTjJY-00010-00002135-00003270 you have gathered
nlM-ufcTjJY-00011-00003271-00003479 well
nlM-ufcTjJY-00012-00003479-00003775 see the way uh the question is asked and
nlM-ufcTjJY-00013-00003776-00004135 also the way normally it's addressed is
nlM-ufcTjJY-00014-00004136-00004254 people think
nlM-ufcTjJY-00015-00004255-00004438 there is something called as negative
nlM-ufcTjJY-00016-00004439-00004654 thought and positive thought they want
nlM-ufcTjJY-00017-00004655-00004854 to remove the negative thoughts and have
nlM-ufcTjJY-00018-00004855-00005054 only positive thoughts
nlM-ufcTjJY-00019-00005055-00005318 for such people i would ask them to just
nlM-ufcTjJY-00020-00005319-00005511 experiment for
nlM-ufcTjJY-00021-00005512-00005783 10-15 seconds
nlM-ufcTjJY-00022-00005784-00005959 let them forcefully remove one thought
nlM-ufcTjJY-00023-00005960-00006159 from their mind for example
nlM-ufcTjJY-00024-00006160-00006486 next 10 seconds
nlM-ufcTjJY-00025-00006487-00006814 just don't think of a monkey
nlM-ufcTjJY-00026-00006815-00007055 try not to think of a monkey for next 10
nlM-ufcTjJY-00027-00007056-00007159 seconds
nlM-ufcTjJY-00028-00007159-00007414 you will see you will be full of monkeys
nlM-ufcTjJY-00029-00007415-00007639 so what i am saying is this is the
nlM-ufcTjJY-00030-00007640-00007798 nature of your mind
nlM-ufcTjJY-00031-00007800-00008023 because in this mind all the three
nlM-ufcTjJY-00032-00008023-00008263 petals are throttle there is no break
nlM-ufcTjJY-00033-00008264-00008439 there is no clutch whatever you touch it
nlM-ufcTjJY-00034-00008440-00008774 will only go faster in this kind of mind
nlM-ufcTjJY-00035-00008775-00008951 people have been taught
nlM-ufcTjJY-00036-00008952-00009135 from moral teachers and religious
nlM-ufcTjJY-00037-00009136-00009439 teachers do not think about bad things
nlM-ufcTjJY-00038-00009440-00009614 well since then it's been a full-time
nlM-ufcTjJY-00039-00009615-00009783 job
nlM-ufcTjJY-00040-00009784-00009991 so there is no way you can handle the
nlM-ufcTjJY-00041-00009992-00010174 mind like this this doesn't need any
nlM-ufcTjJY-00042-00010175-00010391 great enlightenment if you spend two
nlM-ufcTjJY-00043-00010392-00010574 minutes with your eyes closed you will
nlM-ufcTjJY-00044-00010575-00010783 realize you cannot do anything
nlM-ufcTjJY-00045-00010784-00010991 forcefully with this mind
nlM-ufcTjJY-00046-00010992-00011287 so i want to remove negative thoughts
nlM-ufcTjJY-00047-00011288-00011503 do not ever go in this direction because
nlM-ufcTjJY-00048-00011504-00011767 what you want to remove will become your
nlM-ufcTjJY-00049-00011768-00012046 quality always you will be on it
nlM-ufcTjJY-00050-00012047-00012255 so what should i do
nlM-ufcTjJY-00051-00012256-00012503 the thing is this
nlM-ufcTjJY-00052-00012504-00012703 without understanding the fundamental
nlM-ufcTjJY-00053-00012704-00012974 mechanism of this mind because
nlM-ufcTjJY-00054-00012975-00013319 our mind human mind is the most soft
nlM-ufcTjJY-00055-00013319-00013679 sophisticated computer on the planet
nlM-ufcTjJY-00056-00013680-00013863 even all the super computers have come
nlM-ufcTjJY-00057-00013863-00014015 out of this
nlM-ufcTjJY-00058-00014016-00014255 when this is the case is it not
nlM-ufcTjJY-00059-00014256-00014415 important that we understand the
nlM-ufcTjJY-00060-00014416-00014663 mechanics of how it functions
nlM-ufcTjJY-00061-00014663-00014966 one simplistic aspect of how it
nlM-ufcTjJY-00062-00014968-00015263 functions is there are no
nlM-ufcTjJY-00063-00015263-00015591 subtractions and divisions in our mind
nlM-ufcTjJY-00064-00015591-00015735 there is only addition and
nlM-ufcTjJY-00065-00015736-00015903 multiplication
nlM-ufcTjJY-00066-00015904-00016103 if you try to do something with it it
nlM-ufcTjJY-00067-00016104-00016327 will say one more
nlM-ufcTjJY-00068-00016328-00016567 if you try hard it will multiply into
nlM-ufcTjJY-00069-00016568-00016694 many more
nlM-ufcTjJY-00070-00016695-00016927 in this mind you don't try to identify
nlM-ufcTjJY-00071-00016928-00017119 what is positive what is negative and
nlM-ufcTjJY-00072-00017120-00017271 try to remove it
nlM-ufcTjJY-00073-00017272-00017399 first of all
nlM-ufcTjJY-00074-00017400-00017591 one needs to understand
nlM-ufcTjJY-00075-00017592-00017903 this mind of yours this body of yours is
nlM-ufcTjJY-00076-00017904-00018086 supposed to serve you
nlM-ufcTjJY-00077-00018087-00018367 the life that you are is important
nlM-ufcTjJY-00078-00018368-00018679 body and mind are vehicles that must
nlM-ufcTjJY-00079-00018680-00018830 serve us
nlM-ufcTjJY-00080-00018831-00019111 if you sit in a vehicle it must go where
nlM-ufcTjJY-00081-00019112-00019350 you want to go if it goes to its own
nlM-ufcTjJY-00082-00019351-00019599 destination what is the point of such a
nlM-ufcTjJY-00083-00019600-00019855 vehicle it's just a nuisance
nlM-ufcTjJY-00084-00019856-00020030 right now most human beings are
nlM-ufcTjJY-00085-00020031-00020167 unfortunately
nlM-ufcTjJY-00086-00020168-00020447 experiencing this fantastic possibility
nlM-ufcTjJY-00087-00020448-00020599 of human mind
nlM-ufcTjJY-00088-00020600-00020935 as a nuisance as a troublesome thing
nlM-ufcTjJY-00089-00020936-00021086 well this is the most beautiful thing
nlM-ufcTjJY-00090-00021087-00021247 you have
nlM-ufcTjJY-00091-00021248-00021439 it's just that you need to pay little
nlM-ufcTjJY-00092-00021440-00021694 attention as to how it functions
nlM-ufcTjJY-00093-00021695-00022007 one simple thing is this
nlM-ufcTjJY-00094-00022008-00022207 first and foremost processes that's why
nlM-ufcTjJY-00095-00022208-00022478 we put out this uh process called isha
nlM-ufcTjJY-00096-00022479-00022743 kriya this is to distance
nlM-ufcTjJY-00097-00022744-00022950 yourself from your physiological and
nlM-ufcTjJY-00098-00022951-00023214 psychological process
nlM-ufcTjJY-00099-00023215-00023422 there is something called as you which
nlM-ufcTjJY-00100-00023423-00023583 exists
nlM-ufcTjJY-00101-00023584-00023767 this is not a composite of all your
nlM-ufcTjJY-00102-00023768-00023999 thoughts and emotions and physiological
nlM-ufcTjJY-00103-00024000-00024230 processes beyond that there is you if
nlM-ufcTjJY-00104-00024231-00024447 you close your eyes even if you cannot
nlM-ufcTjJY-00105-00024448-00024567 see anything
nlM-ufcTjJY-00106-00024568-00024750 you are still there
nlM-ufcTjJY-00107-00024751-00024919 it is through the window of your eyes
nlM-ufcTjJY-00108-00024920-00025063 that you are looking out but if you
nlM-ufcTjJY-00109-00025064-00025271 close your eyes it doesn't mean that you
nlM-ufcTjJY-00110-00025272-00025558 don't exist you still exist
nlM-ufcTjJY-00111-00025559-00025774 so beyond your thought you still exist
nlM-ufcTjJY-00112-00025775-00026031 beyond your emotion you still exist so
nlM-ufcTjJY-00113-00026032-00026327 that you the life that you are
nlM-ufcTjJY-00114-00026327-00026639 this has to come into your experience
nlM-ufcTjJY-00115-00026639-00026846 why is it that you're not allowing that
nlM-ufcTjJY-00116-00026847-00026999 to come into your experience which is
nlM-ufcTjJY-00117-00027000-00027174 the most significant aspect of who you
nlM-ufcTjJY-00118-00027175-00027246 are
nlM-ufcTjJY-00119-00027247-00027423 who you are right now the most
nlM-ufcTjJY-00120-00027424-00027623 significant aspect is you and me are
nlM-ufcTjJY-00121-00027624-00027814 alive right now this is it
nlM-ufcTjJY-00122-00027816-00027974 what i'm thinking what you're thinking
nlM-ufcTjJY-00123-00027975-00028143 is not the important thing
nlM-ufcTjJY-00124-00028144-00028327 we are alive right now that is the
nlM-ufcTjJY-00125-00028327-00028535 important thing so
nlM-ufcTjJY-00126-00028536-00028758 it is important that you focus on this
nlM-ufcTjJY-00127-00028760-00028967 fundamental sense of aliveness within
nlM-ufcTjJY-00128-00028968-00029174 you and then you will see there is a
nlM-ufcTjJY-00129-00029175-00029374 natural distance between you and your
nlM-ufcTjJY-00130-00029375-00029518 thought process
nlM-ufcTjJY-00131-00029519-00029718 once there is a distance between your
nlM-ufcTjJY-00132-00029719-00029918 psychological process and your
nlM-ufcTjJY-00133-00029919-00030151 physiological process this is the end of
nlM-ufcTjJY-00134-00030152-00030358 suffering because there are only two
nlM-ufcTjJY-00135-00030360-00030558 kinds of suffering that human beings go
nlM-ufcTjJY-00136-00030560-00030783 through physical suffering and mental
nlM-ufcTjJY-00137-00030783-00031023 suffering once you create a little space
nlM-ufcTjJY-00138-00031024-00031214 between you and your mind between you
nlM-ufcTjJY-00139-00031216-00031439 and your body this is the end of
nlM-ufcTjJY-00140-00031439-00031670 suffering this is something every human
nlM-ufcTjJY-00141-00031672-00031927 being has to experience and know
nlM-ufcTjJY-00142-00031927-00032174 otherwise thinking i will just remove
nlM-ufcTjJY-00143-00032175-00032327 negative thoughts and i will have
nlM-ufcTjJY-00144-00032327-00032558 positive thoughts all the best it's not
nlM-ufcTjJY-00145-00032560-00032767 going to work 100 percent it's not going
nlM-ufcTjJY-00146-00032768-00032999 to work because nobody can remove it
nlM-ufcTjJY-00147-00033000-00033239 they can avoid it for some time so when
nlM-ufcTjJY-00148-00033240-00033431 negative thoughts come you say ram ram
nlM-ufcTjJY-00149-00033432-00033646 shiva shiva whatever you want
nlM-ufcTjJY-00150-00033647-00033927 but this is just avoiding it's not gone
nlM-ufcTjJY-00151-00033928-00034087 the moment you stop that it will pop
nlM-ufcTjJY-00152-00034088-00034279 back with great force otherwise it will
nlM-ufcTjJY-00153-00034280-00034446 come back in your dreams
nlM-ufcTjJY-00154-00034447-00034702 so it's very important first of all you
nlM-ufcTjJY-00155-00034703-00034943 need to understand your anger your
nlM-ufcTjJY-00156-00034944-00035311 resentment your fear your anxieties
nlM-ufcTjJY-00157-00035312-00035543 the negativity that you generate
nlM-ufcTjJY-00158-00035544-00035927 generally resentment anger
nlM-ufcTjJY-00159-00035928-00036239 it is always directed towards somebody
nlM-ufcTjJY-00160-00036240-00036430 but we need to understand this is
nlM-ufcTjJY-00161-00036431-00036639 poisons that we are drinking
nlM-ufcTjJY-00162-00036640-00036879 and expecting somebody else to die
nlM-ufcTjJY-00163-00036880-00037087 fortunately life doesn't work like that
nlM-ufcTjJY-00164-00037088-00037335 if i drink poison i die if i drink
nlM-ufcTjJY-00165-00037336-00037511 poison you don't die
nlM-ufcTjJY-00166-00037512-00037759 so we need to understand this when i say
nlM-ufcTjJY-00167-00037760-00037879 poison
nlM-ufcTjJY-00168-00037880-00038062 today you can have yourself chemically
nlM-ufcTjJY-00169-00038063-00038207 analyzed
nlM-ufcTjJY-00170-00038208-00038383 right now what is your blood work what
nlM-ufcTjJY-00171-00038384-00038671 it says five minutes of intense anger
nlM-ufcTjJY-00172-00038672-00038871 check your blood work and see there will
nlM-ufcTjJY-00173-00038872-00039055 be lots of negative elements in it
nlM-ufcTjJY-00174-00039056-00039295 literally you're poisoning yourself
nlM-ufcTjJY-00175-00039296-00039495 so do you want to poison yourself
nlM-ufcTjJY-00176-00039496-00039727 definitely not now the very question is
nlM-ufcTjJY-00177-00039728-00039911 coming from certain helplessness what
nlM-ufcTjJY-00178-00039912-00040055 shall i do
nlM-ufcTjJY-00179-00040056-00040255 don't do anything
nlM-ufcTjJY-00180-00040256-00040399 just sit back
nlM-ufcTjJY-00181-00040400-00040502 and
nlM-ufcTjJY-00182-00040503-00040590 just
nlM-ufcTjJY-00183-00040591-00040790 concern yourself with something which is
nlM-ufcTjJY-00184-00040791-00040999 a life process maybe your heartbeat
nlM-ufcTjJY-00185-00041000-00041271 maybe your breath maybe just a sensation
nlM-ufcTjJY-00186-00041272-00041455 of being alive
nlM-ufcTjJY-00187-00041456-00041718 depending upon how sensitive or how
nlM-ufcTjJY-00188-00041719-00041958 perceptive you are accordingly find
nlM-ufcTjJY-00189-00041959-00042167 something it could be a sensation in the
nlM-ufcTjJY-00190-00042168-00042399 body it could be breath it could be
nlM-ufcTjJY-00191-00042400-00042630 heartbeat it could be anything something
nlM-ufcTjJY-00192-00042631-00042887 which indicates life to you just pay
nlM-ufcTjJY-00193-00042888-00043118 attention to that for some time slowly
nlM-ufcTjJY-00194-00043119-00043318 you will see there is a distinction
nlM-ufcTjJY-00195-00043319-00043535 between what is you and what you have
nlM-ufcTjJY-00196-00043536-00043767 gathered which includes both your
nlM-ufcTjJY-00197-00043768-00044062 physiological and psychological
nlM-ufcTjJY-00198-00044063-00044271 possibility or mess whatever you made
nlM-ufcTjJY-00199-00044272-00044488 out of it
nlM-ufcTjJY-00200-00044489-00046070 [Music]
ooLoOwCjS5u-00000-00000512-00000823 hi guys
ooLoOwCjS5u-00001-00000824-00001062 hi
ooLoOwCjS5u-00002-00001063-00001215 hello hello
ooLoOwCjS5u-00003-00001216-00001687 what's happening when is the insistence
ooLoOwCjS5u-00004-00001688-00001998 oh my god is the money i was sleeping
ooLoOwCjS5u-00005-00002000-00002302 to tell you about where is luna
ooLoOwCjS5u-00006-00002303-00002550 hi friends i am here sorry i was busy
ooLoOwCjS5u-00007-00002551-00002767 you guys you guys remember the truth we
ooLoOwCjS5u-00008-00002768-00002975 wanted to make destroyer
ooLoOwCjS5u-00009-00002976-00003150 yes obviously
ooLoOwCjS5u-00010-00003151-00003311 you won't believe me
ooLoOwCjS5u-00011-00003311-00003575 i found chef tickets and they include
ooLoOwCjS5u-00012-00003576-00003911 hotel for a week on breakfast
ooLoOwCjS5u-00013-00003911-00004183 we can use our savings that's amazing
ooLoOwCjS5u-00014-00004184-00004486 when is the date guys this is a little
ooLoOwCjS5u-00015-00004487-00004743 problem because the tickets are for
ooLoOwCjS5u-00016-00004744-00005006 tomorrow at 11 pm
ooLoOwCjS5u-00017-00005007-00005215 we have to be at the airport at the apm
ooLoOwCjS5u-00018-00005216-00005431 for the baggage
ooLoOwCjS5u-00019-00005432-00005551 okay okay
ooLoOwCjS5u-00020-00005552-00005799 everyone wrong as per mission organized
ooLoOwCjS5u-00021-00005800-00006022 device
ooLoOwCjS5u-00022-00006023-00006222 mom do you remember the travel i wanted
ooLoOwCjS5u-00023-00006223-00006311 to go
ooLoOwCjS5u-00024-00006312-00006463 it's today
ooLoOwCjS5u-00025-00006464-00006734 yes i will be careful see you in a week
ooLoOwCjS5u-00026-00006736-00006983 be okay tomorrow at 6 pm with everyone
ooLoOwCjS5u-00027-00006984-00007270 already okay
ooLoOwCjS5u-00028-00007272-00007463 are we ready
ooLoOwCjS5u-00029-00007464-00007655 i have everything ready
ooLoOwCjS5u-00030-00007656-00007934 i only need my password i can find it
ooLoOwCjS5u-00031-00007936-00008278 favorite t-shirts are dirty
ooLoOwCjS5u-00032-00008279-00008583 guys have you already done the checking
ooLoOwCjS5u-00033-00008584-00008791 i knew something was missing
ooLoOwCjS5u-00034-00008792-00008999 keep calm keep calm we have to call the
ooLoOwCjS5u-00035-00009000-00009167 airport
ooLoOwCjS5u-00036-00009168-00009287 no
ooLoOwCjS5u-00037-00009288-00009559 this is a bad idea how cute we have
ooLoOwCjS5u-00038-00009560-00009703 forgotten
ooLoOwCjS5u-00039-00009704-00009974 relax friends i did yesterday
ooLoOwCjS5u-00040-00009975-00010159 i didn't wear two largos
ooLoOwCjS5u-00041-00010160-00010383 if i carrier and other sweet squids it'd
ooLoOwCjS5u-00042-00010384-00010655 be too much
ooLoOwCjS5u-00043-00010656-00010831 you're crazy we only need the carry-on
ooLoOwCjS5u-00044-00010832-00011023 package you have a space in my package
ooLoOwCjS5u-00045-00011024-00011206 you can use it
ooLoOwCjS5u-00046-00011207-00011455 whoa dan sonic
ooLoOwCjS5u-00047-00011456-00011606 my cell phone is going to die i don't
ooLoOwCjS5u-00048-00011607-00011863 have any battery left no problem please
ooLoOwCjS5u-00049-00011864-00012191 everyone focus we meet on junkie donuts
ooLoOwCjS5u-00050-00012192-00012359 and no way my family can send me to a
ooLoOwCjS5u-00051-00012360-00012574 report help me okay
ooLoOwCjS5u-00052-00012575-00012822 i can go through you that give me five
ooLoOwCjS5u-00053-00012823-00013135 minutes and i bake another t-shirt
ooLoOwCjS5u-00054-00013136-00013407 okay thank you i will for you
ooLoOwCjS5u-00055-00013408-00013719 i found i found my password don't worry
ooLoOwCjS5u-00056-00013719-00013958 where was your passport it wins your
ooLoOwCjS5u-00057-00013959-00014086 brother roon
ooLoOwCjS5u-00058-00014087-00014622 you always leave your kids there
ooLoOwCjS5u-00059-00014623-00014919 i see you at the airport bye
ooLoOwCjS5u-00060-00014919-00015127 everyone be on time please
ooLoOwCjS5u-00061-00015128-00015919 yes we are bye
ooLoOwCjS5u-00062-00015919-00016128 you
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00000-00000072-00000331 information science as a field primarily
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00001-00000332-00000615 concerned with the analysis collection
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00002-00000616-00000894 classification manipulation storage
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00003-00000895-00001158 retrieval movement dissemination and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00004-00001159-00001465 protection of information practitioners
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00005-00001466-00001666 within and outside the field study
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00006-00001667-00001888 application and usage of knowledge in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00007-00001889-00002122 organizations along with the interaction
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00008-00002123-00002368 between people organizations and any
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00009-00002369-00002587 existing information systems with the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00010-00002588-00002851 aim of creating replacing improving or
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00011-00002852-00003108 understanding information systems
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00012-00003109-00003379 historically information science as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00013-00003379-00003577 associated with computer science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00014-00003578-00003891 psychology and technology however
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00015-00003892-00004156 information science also incorporates
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00016-00004157-00004386 aspects of diverse fields such as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00017-00004387-00004609 archival science cognitive science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00018-00004610-00004914 commerce law linguistics musial adji
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00019-00004915-00005241 management mathematics philosophy public
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00020-00005242-00005956 policy and social sciences
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00021-00005957-00006337 topic foundations
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00022-00006338-00006843 you
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00023-00006844-00007420 topic scope and approach
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00024-00007422-00007659 information science focuses on
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00025-00007659-00007823 understanding problems from the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00026-00007825-00008016 perspective of the stakeholders involved
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00027-00008017-00008235 and then applying information and other
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00028-00008236-00008574 technologies as needed in other words it
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00029-00008575-00008790 tackles systemic problems first rather
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00030-00008791-00009018 than individual pieces of technology
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00031-00009019-00009333 within that system in this respect one
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00032-00009334-00009519 can see information science as a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00033-00009520-00009735 response to technological determinism
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00034-00009736-00010044 the belief that technology develops by
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00035-00010045-00010299 its own laws that it realizes its own
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00036-00010300-00010575 potential limited only by the material
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00037-00010576-00010827 resources available and the creativity
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00038-00010828-00011163 of its developers it must therefore be
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00039-00011164-00011378 regarded as an autonomous system
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00040-00011379-00011634 controlling and ultimately permeating
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00041-00011635-00012000 all other subsystems of society many
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00042-00012001-00012225 universities have entire colleges
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00043-00012226-00012446 departments or schools devoted to the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00044-00012447-00012645 study of information science while
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00045-00012646-00012852 numerous information science scholars
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00046-00012853-00012993 work in disciplines such as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00047-00012994-00013278 communication computer science law and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00048-00013279-00013608 sociology several institutions have
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00049-00013609-00013844 formed a nice cool caucus see list of I
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00050-00013845-00014055 schools but numerous others besides
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00051-00014056-00014205 these also have comprehensive
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00052-00014206-00014631 information fossae within information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00053-00014632-00014853 science current issues as of 2013
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00054-00014854-00015347 include human-computer interaction group
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00055-00015348-00015491 where
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00056-00015491-00015907 the Semantic Web value sensitive design
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00057-00015908-00016274 iterative design processes the ways
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00058-00016275-00016724 people generate use and find information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00059-00016725-00016949 definitions of information science the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00060-00016950-00017105 first known usage of the term
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00061-00017106-00017534 information science was in 1955 an early
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00062-00017535-00017774 definition of information science going
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00063-00017775-00018083 back to 1968 the year when the American
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00064-00018084-00018317 documentation Institute renamed itself
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00065-00018318-00018509 as the American society for information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00066-00018510-00018746 science and technology states
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00067-00018747-00018983 information science as that discipline
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00068-00018984-00019175 that investigates the properties and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00069-00019176-00019388 behavior of information the forces
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00070-00019389-00019583 governing the flow of information and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00071-00019584-00019802 the means of processing information for
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00072-00019803-00020105 optimum accessibility and usability it
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00073-00020106-00020269 is concerned with that body of knowledge
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00074-00020270-00020551 relating to the origination collection
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00075-00020552-00020809 organization storage retrieval
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00076-00020810-00021016 interpretation transmission
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00077-00021017-00021239 transformation and utilization of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00078-00021240-00021482 information this includes the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00079-00021483-00021653 investigation of information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00080-00021654-00021875 representations in both natural and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00081-00021876-00022130 artificial systems the use of codes for
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00082-00022131-00022325 efficient message transmission and the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00083-00022326-00022541 study of information processing devices
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00084-00022542-00022766 and techniques such as computers and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00085-00022767-00023015 their programming systems it is an
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00086-00023016-00023240 interdisciplinary science derived from
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00087-00023241-00023422 and related to such fields as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00088-00023423-00023744 mathematics logic linguistics psychology
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00089-00023745-00024019 computer technology operations research
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00090-00024020-00024239 the graphic arts communications
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00091-00024240-00024557 management and other similar fields it
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00092-00024558-00024800 has both a pure science component which
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00093-00024801-00025025 inquires into the subject without regard
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00094-00025026-00025222 to its application and an applied
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00095-00025223-00025424 science component which develops
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00096-00025425-00025828 services and products Borko 1968 P point
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00097-00025829-00026075 3 some authors use informatics as a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00098-00026076-00026389 synonym for information science this is
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00099-00026391-00026596 especially true when related to the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00100-00026597-00026864 concept developed by AI Mikhailov and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00101-00026864-00027104 other Soviet authors in the mid-1960s
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00102-00027105-00027445 the michaela of school saw informatics
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00103-00027447-00027650 as a discipline related to the study of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00104-00027651-00027983 scientific information informatics is
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00105-00027983-00028205 difficult to precisely define because of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00106-00028206-00028345 the rapidly evolving and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00107-00028347-00028600 interdisciplinary nature of the field
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00108-00028601-00028856 definitions reliant on the nature of the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00109-00028857-00029054 tools used for deriving meaningful
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00110-00029055-00029270 information from data are emerging in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00111-00029270-00029533 informatics academic programs regional
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00112-00029534-00029699 differences and international
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00113-00029700-00030020 terminology complicate the problem some
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00114-00030020-00030110 people note the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00115-00030111-00030338 much of what is called informatics today
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00116-00030339-00030572 was once called information science at
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00117-00030573-00030761 least in fields such as medical
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00118-00030762-00031079 informatics for example when library
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00119-00031080-00031319 scientists began also to use the phrase
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00120-00031320-00031558 information science to refer to their
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00121-00031560-00031826 work the term informatics emerged in the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00122-00031827-00032077 United States as a response by computer
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00123-00032079-00032276 scientists to distinguish their work
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00124-00032277-00032480 from that of library science in Britain
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00125-00032481-00032669 as a term for a science of information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00126-00032670-00032915 that studies natural as well as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00127-00032916-00033155 artificial or engineered information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00128-00033156-00033338 processing systems and other term
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00129-00033339-00033575 discussed as a synonym for information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00130-00033576-00033914 studies is information systems Brian
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00131-00033915-00034156 Campbell Vickery's information systems
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00132-00034157-00034463 1973 places information systems within
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00133-00034464-00034925 us Ellis Allen and Wilson 1999 on the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00134-00034926-00035132 other hand provide a bibliometric
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00135-00035133-00035357 investigation describing the relation
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00136-00035358-00035600 between two different fields information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00137-00035601-00036307 science and information systems
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00138-00036308-00036927 topic philosophy of information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00139-00036928-00037155 philosophy of information studies
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00140-00037156-00037374 conceptual issues arising at the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00141-00037375-00037558 intersection of computer science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00142-00037559-00037905 information technology and philosophy it
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00143-00037906-00038092 includes the investigation of the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00144-00038093-00038326 conceptual nature and basic principles
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00145-00038327-00038574 of information including its dynamics
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00146-00038575-00038839 utilization and Sciences as well as the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00147-00038840-00039018 elaboration and application of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00148-00039019-00039258 information theoretic and computational
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00149-00039259-00039418 methodologies to its philosophical
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00150-00039419-00040014 problems
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00151-00040015-00040529 topic ontology
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00152-00040530-00040730 in computer science and information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00153-00040731-00041042 science an ontology formally represents
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00154-00041043-00041264 knowledge as a set of concepts within a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00155-00041265-00041456 domain and the relationships between
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00156-00041457-00041777 those concepts it can be used to reason
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00157-00041778-00041942 about the entities within that domain
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00158-00041943-00042214 and may be used to describe the domain
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00159-00042215-00042557 more specifically an ontology as a model
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00160-00042558-00042767 for describing the world that consists
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00161-00042768-00042962 of a set of types properties and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00162-00042963-00043259 relationship types exactly what is
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00163-00043260-00043463 provided around these varies but they
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00164-00043464-00043742 are the essentials of an ontology there
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00165-00043743-00043973 is also generally an expectation that
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00166-00043974-00044171 there be a close resemblance between the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00167-00044172-00044375 real world and the features of the model
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00168-00044376-00044663 in an ontology in theory an ontology as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00169-00044664-00044972 a formal explicit specification of a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00170-00044973-00045290 shared conceptualization an ontology
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00171-00045291-00045557 renders shared vocabulary and taxonomy
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00172-00045558-00045755 which models a domain with the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00173-00045756-00046019 definition of objects and/or concepts
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00174-00046020-00046187 and their properties and relations
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00175-00046188-00046418 ontologies are the structural frameworks
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00176-00046419-00046649 for organizing information and are used
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00177-00046650-00046880 in artificial intelligence the Semantic
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00178-00046881-00047117 Web systems engineering software
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00179-00047118-00047318 engineering biomedical informatics
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00180-00047319-00047615 library science enterprise bookmarking
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00181-00047616-00047843 and information architecture as a form
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00182-00047844-00048029 of knowledge representation about the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00183-00048030-00048323 world or some part of it the creation of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00184-00048324-00048596 domain ontology is also fundamental to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00185-00048597-00048800 the definition and use of an enterprise
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00186-00048801-00049442 architecture framework
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00187-00049443-00049792 Topic careers
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00188-00049793-00050295 you
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00189-00050296-00050908 topic information scientist
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00190-00050909-00051139 an information scientist as an
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00191-00051140-00051345 individual usually with a relevant
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00192-00051346-00051595 subject degree or high level of subject
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00193-00051596-00051826 knowledge providing focused information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00194-00051827-00052033 to scientific and technical research
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00195-00052034-00052290 staff in industry a role quite distinct
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00196-00052291-00052573 from that of a librarian the title also
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00197-00052574-00052807 applies to an individual carrying out
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00198-00052808-00053491 research in information science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00199-00053491-00054054 topic systems analyst
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00200-00054054-00054329 a systems analyst works on creating
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00201-00054330-00054516 designing and improving information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00202-00054516-00054882 systems for a specific need oftentimes a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00203-00054883-00055116 systems analyst works with a business to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00204-00055116-00055347 evaluate and implement organizational
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00205-00055348-00055557 processes and techniques for accessing
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00206-00055558-00055742 information in order to improve
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00207-00055744-00055971 efficiency and productivity within the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00208-00055972-00056507 business
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00209-00056508-00057091 topic information professional
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00210-00057092-00057316 an information professional as an
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00211-00057317-00057580 individual who preserves organizes and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00212-00057581-00057884 disseminates information information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00213-00057885-00058048 professionals are skilled in the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00214-00058049-00058276 organization and retrieval of recorded
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00215-00058277-00058567 knowledge traditionally their work has
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00216-00058568-00058754 been with print materials but these
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00217-00058754-00058969 skills are being increasingly used with
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00218-00058970-00059206 electronic visual audio and digital
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00219-00059207-00059557 materials information professionals work
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00220-00059558-00059788 in a variety of public private nonprofit
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00221-00059789-00060173 and academic institutions information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00222-00060174-00060379 professionals can also be found within
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00223-00060379-00060651 organizational and industrial contexts
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00224-00060652-00060910 performing roles that include system
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00225-00060911-00061103 design and development and system
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00226-00061104-00061650 analysis
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00227-00061651-00061994 topic history
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00228-00061995-00062499 you
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00229-00062500-00063062 topic early beginnings
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00230-00063063-00063305 information science in studying the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00231-00063307-00063585 collection classification manipulation
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00232-00063586-00063842 storage retrieval and dissemination of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00233-00063844-00064074 information has origins in the common
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00234-00064075-00064359 stock of human knowledge information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00235-00064360-00064551 analysis has been carried out by
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00236-00064552-00064766 scholars at least as early as the time
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00237-00064767-00064944 of the Abyssinian Empire with the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00238-00064945-00065202 emergence of cultural depositories what
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00239-00065203-00065528 is today known as libraries and Archives
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00240-00065529-00065766 institutionally information science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00241-00065767-00065994 emerged in the 19th century along with
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00242-00065995-00066240 many other social science disciplines as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00243-00066241-00066531 a science however it finds its
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00244-00066532-00066729 institutional roots in the history of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00245-00066730-00066795 science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00246-00066796-00066984 beginning with publication of the first
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00247-00066985-00067212 issues of philosophical transactions
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00248-00067213-00067356 generally considered the first
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00249-00067357-00067716 scientific journal in 1665 by the Royal
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00250-00067717-00068103 Society London the institutionalization
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00251-00068104-00068313 of science occurred throughout the 18th
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00252-00068314-00068388 century
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00253-00068389-00068745 in 1731 Benjamin Franklin established
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00254-00068746-00068979 the library company of Philadelphia the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00255-00068980-00069222 first library owned by a group of public
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00256-00069223-00069453 citizens which quickly expanded beyond
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00257-00069454-00069651 the realm of books and became a center
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00258-00069652-00069840 of scientific experiment and which
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00259-00069841-00070077 hosted public exhibitions of scientific
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00260-00070078-00070407 experiments benjamin franklin invested a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00261-00070408-00070620 town in massachusetts with a collection
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00262-00070621-00070824 of books that the town voted to make
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00263-00070825-00071013 available to all free of charge
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00264-00071014-00071346 forming the first public library academy
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00265-00071347-00071427 de Churreria
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00266-00071428-00071691 paris published memoirs pour les Giroux
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00267-00071692-00071910 genes generally considered to be the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00268-00071911-00072282 first medical journal in 1736 the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00269-00072283-00072498 american philosophical society
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00270-00072499-00072726 patterned on the Royal Society London
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00271-00072727-00073073 was founded in Philadelphia in 1743 as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00272-00073074-00073359 numerous other scientific journals and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00273-00073360-00073581 societies were founded alloy Senna
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00274-00073582-00073758 Felder developed the concept of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00275-00073759-00073971 lithography for use in mass printing
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00276-00073972-00074712 work in Germany in 1796
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00277-00074713-00075271 topic nineteenth-century
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00278-00075272-00075559 by the 19th century the first signs of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00279-00075560-00075793 information science emerged as separate
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00280-00075794-00076000 and distinct from other sciences and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00281-00076001-00076221 social sciences but in conjunction with
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00282-00076222-00076590 communication and computation in 1801
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00283-00076591-00076876 Joseph Marie jacquard invented a punched
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00284-00076877-00077116 card system to control operations of the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00285-00077117-00077416 cloth weaving loom in France it was the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00286-00077417-00077718 first use of memory storage of patterns
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00287-00077719-00078010 system as chemistry journals emerged
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00288-00078011-00078340 throughout the 1820s and 1830s Charles
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00289-00078341-00078580 Babbage developed his Difference Engine
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00290-00078581-00078844 the first step towards the modern
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00291-00078845-00079129 computer in 1822 and his analytical
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00292-00079130-00079630 engine by 1834 by 1843 Richard Howe
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00293-00079631-00079930 developed the rotary press and in 1844
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00294-00079931-00080146 Samuel Morse sent the first public
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00295-00080147-00080455 Telegraph message by 1848
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00296-00080456-00080707 William F Poole begins the index to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00297-00080708-00080944 periodical literature the first general
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00298-00080945-00081219 periodical literature index in the u.s.
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00299-00081220-00081607 in 1854 George Boole published an
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00300-00081608-00081925 investigation into laws of thought
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00301-00081926-00082156 which lays the foundations for boolean
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00302-00082157-00082369 algebra which is later used in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00303-00082370-00082753 information retrieval in 1860 a Congress
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00304-00082754-00082915 was held at Karlsruhe Technische
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00305-00082916-00083134 Hochschule to discuss the feasibility of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00306-00083135-00083352 establishing a systematic and rational
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00307-00083353-00083665 nomenclature for chemistry the Congress
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00308-00083666-00083911 did not reach any conclusive results but
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00309-00083912-00084127 several key participants returned home
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00310-00084128-00084363 with studies law Cannizzaro s outline
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00311-00084364-00084658 1858 which ultimately convinces them of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00312-00084659-00084817 the validity of his scheme for
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00313-00084818-00085150 calculating atomic weights by 1865 the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00314-00085151-00085336 Smithsonian Institution began a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00315-00085337-00085573 catalogue of current scientific papers
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00316-00085574-00085795 which became the international catalog
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00317-00085796-00086094 of scientific papers in 1902 the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00318-00086095-00086371 following year the Royal Society began
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00319-00086372-00086608 publication of its catalogue of papers
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00320-00086609-00086992 in London in 1868 Christopher Scholes
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00321-00086993-00087307 Carlos Glidden and SW Sol produced the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00322-00087308-00087706 first practical typewriter by 1872 Lord
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00323-00087707-00087958 Kelvin devised an analogue computer to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00324-00087959-00088264 predict the tides and by 1875 Frank
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00325-00088265-00088507 Stephen Baldwin was granted the first US
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00326-00088508-00088714 patent for a practical calculating
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00327-00088715-00088933 machine that performs four arithmetic
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00328-00088934-00089239 functions Alexander Graham Bell and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00329-00089240-00089470 Thomas Edison invented the telephone and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00330-00089471-00089920 phonograph in 1876 and 1877 respectively
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00331-00089921-00090181 and the American Library Association was
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00332-00090182-00090583 founded in Philadelphia in 1879 index
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00333-00090584-00090826 Medicus was first issued by the library
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00334-00090827-00091069 of the Surgeon General u.s. army with
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00335-00091070-00091288 John Shaw Billings as librarian and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00336-00091289-00091555 later the library issues index catalog
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00337-00091556-00091726 which achieved an international
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00338-00091727-00091891 reputation as the most complete
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00339-00091892-00092568 catalogue of medical literature
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00340-00092569-00093174 topic European documentation
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00341-00093175-00093437 the discipline of documentation science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00342-00093438-00093644 which marks the earliest theoretical
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00343-00093645-00093810 foundations of modern information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00344-00093811-00094047 science emerged in the late part of the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00345-00094048-00094284 19th century in Europe together with
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00346-00094285-00094511 several more scientific indexes whose
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00347-00094512-00094704 purpose was to organize scholarly
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00348-00094705-00094986 literature many information science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00349-00094987-00095247 historians cite paul otlet a non real ax
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00350-00095248-00095468 Fontaine as the fathers of information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00351-00095469-00095628 science with the founding of the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00352-00095629-00095834 International Institute of bibliography
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00353-00095835-00096293 IIb in 1895 a second generation of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00354-00096294-00096528 European Documenta lists emerged after
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00355-00096529-00096753 the Second World War most notably
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00356-00096754-00097065 Suzanne brihat however information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00357-00097066-00097404 science as a term is not popularly used
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00358-00097405-00097661 in academia until sometime in the latter
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00359-00097662-00097947 part of the 20th century Documenta lists
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00360-00097948-00098180 emphasized the utilitarian integration
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00361-00098181-00098381 of technology and technique towards
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00362-00098382-00098673 specific social goals according to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00363-00098674-00098951 ronald day as an organized system of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00364-00098952-00099155 techniques and technologies
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00365-00099156-00099413 documentation was understood as a player
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00366-00099414-00099666 in the historical development of global
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00367-00099667-00099956 organization in modernity indeed a major
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00368-00099957-00100232 player in aspect as that organization
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00369-00100233-00100463 was dependent on the organization and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00370-00100464-00100800 transmission of information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00371-00100801-00101059 outlet and LaFontaine who won the Nobel
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00372-00101060-00101385 Prize in 1913 not only envisioned later
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00373-00101386-00101653 technical innovations but also projected
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00374-00101654-00101847 a global vision for information and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00375-00101848-00102063 information technologies that speaks
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00376-00102064-00102314 directly to post-war visions of a global
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00377-00102315-00102627 information society outlet and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00378-00102628-00102826 LaFontaine established numerous
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00379-00102827-00102996 organizations dedicated to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00380-00102997-00103201 standardization bibliography
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00381-00103202-00103413 international associations and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00382-00103414-00103674 consequently International Cooperation
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00383-00103675-00103980 these organizations were fundamental for
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00384-00103981-00104169 ensuring international production in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00385-00104170-00104442 commerce information communication and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00386-00104443-00104650 modern economic development and they
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00387-00104651-00104859 later found their global form in such
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00388-00104860-00105033 institutions as the League of Nations
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00389-00105034-00105360 and the United Nations outlet designed
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00390-00105361-00105527 the Universal decimal classification
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00391-00105528-00105793 based on Melville Dewey's Decimal
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00392-00105794-00106014 Classification system although he lived
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00393-00106015-00106243 decades before computers and networks
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00394-00106244-00106458 emerged what he discussed prefigured
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00395-00106459-00106635 what ultimately became the world wide
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00396-00106636-00106924 web his vision of a great network of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00397-00106925-00107127 knowledge focused on documents and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00398-00107128-00107293 included the notions of hyperlinks
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00399-00107294-00107599 search engines remote access and social
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00400-00107600-00107940 networks outlet not only imagined that
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00401-00107941-00108087 all the world's knowledge should be
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00402-00108088-00108309 interlinked and made available remotely
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00403-00108310-00108534 to anyone but he also proceeded to build
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00404-00108535-00108813 a structured document collection this
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00405-00108814-00109041 collection involved standardised paper
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00406-00109042-00109212 sheets and cards filed in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00407-00109213-00109450 custom-designed cabinets according to a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00408-00109451-00109645 hierarchical index which called
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00409-00109646-00109858 information worldwide from diverse
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00410-00109858-00110074 sources and a commercial information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00411-00110075-00110281 retrieval service which answered written
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00412-00110282-00110526 requests by copying relevant information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00413-00110527-00110808 from index cards users of this service
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00414-00110809-00111043 were even warned if their query was
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00415-00111044-00111274 likely to produce more than 50 results
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00416-00111275-00111718 per search by 1937 documentation had
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00417-00111719-00111925 formally been institutionalized as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00418-00111926-00112086 evidenced by the founding of the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00419-00112088-00112311 American documentation Institute Adi
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00420-00112313-00112560 later called the American society for
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00421-00112561-00113251 information science and technology
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00422-00113252-00113586 topic transition to modern information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00423-00113588-00113974 science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00424-00113975-00114256 with the 1950s came increasing awareness
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00425-00114257-00114516 of the potential of automatic devices
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00426-00114517-00114729 for literature searching and information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00427-00114730-00115045 storage and retrieval as these concepts
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00428-00115046-00115288 grew in magnitude and potential so did
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00429-00115289-00115461 the variety of information science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00430-00115463-00115894 interests by the 1960s and 70s there was
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00431-00115895-00116122 a move from batch processing to online
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00432-00116123-00116332 modes from mainframe to mini and micro
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00433-00116333-00116457 computers
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00434-00116458-00116689 additionally traditional boundaries
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00435-00116690-00116926 among disciplines began to fade and many
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00436-00116927-00117157 information science scholars joined with
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00437-00117158-00117402 other programs they further made
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00438-00117403-00117598 themselves multidisciplinary by
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00439-00117599-00117769 incorporating disciplines in the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00440-00117770-00118006 sciences humanities and Social Sciences
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00441-00118007-00118278 as well as other professional programs
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00442-00118279-00118483 such as law and medicine in their
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00443-00118483-00118846 curriculum by the 1980s large databases
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00444-00118847-00119079 such as Grateful med at the National
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00445-00119080-00119299 Library of Medicine and user oriented
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00446-00119300-00119572 services such as dialogue and CompuServe
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00447-00119573-00119778 were for the first time accessible by
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00448-00119779-00119920 individuals from their personal
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00449-00119921-00120258 computers the 1980s also saw the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00450-00120259-00120475 emergence of numerous special interest
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00451-00120476-00120769 groups to respond to the changes by the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00452-00120770-00120978 end of the decade special interest
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00453-00120979-00121179 groups were available involving non
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00454-00121180-00121471 print media social sciences energy and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00455-00121472-00121629 the environment and community
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00456-00121630-00121972 information systems today information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00457-00121973-00122241 science largely examines technical bases
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00458-00122242-00122484 social conséquences and theoretical
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00459-00122485-00122676 understanding of online databases
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00460-00122677-00122920 widespread use of databases in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00461-00122921-00123159 government industry and education and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00462-00123160-00123333 the development of the internet and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00463-00123334-00123943 worldwide web
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00464-00123944-00124276 topic information dissemination in the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00465-00124277-00124588 21st century
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00466-00124589-00125108 you
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00467-00125108-00125677 topic changing definition
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00468-00125678-00125903 dissemination has historically been
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00469-00125904-00126158 interpreted as unilateral communication
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00470-00126159-00126389 of information with the advent of the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00471-00126390-00126614 internet and the explosion in popularity
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00472-00126615-00126935 of online communities social media has
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00473-00126936-00127182 changed the information landscape in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00474-00127183-00127458 many respects and creates both new modes
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00475-00127458-00127671 of communication and new types of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00476-00127672-00128024 information changing the interpretation
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00477-00128025-00128264 of the definition of dissemination the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00478-00128265-00128493 nature of social networks allows for
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00479-00128494-00128699 faster diffusion of information than
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00480-00128700-00128963 through organizational sources the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00481-00128964-00129212 Internet has changed the way we view use
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00482-00129213-00129503 create and store information now it is
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00483-00129504-00129747 time to re-evaluate the way we share and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00484-00129748-00130280 spread it
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00485-00130281-00130643 topic impact of social media on people
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00486-00130644-00131040 and industry
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00487-00131041-00131329 social media networks provide an open
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00488-00131330-00131539 information environment for the mass of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00489-00131540-00131773 people who have limited time or access
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00490-00131774-00131977 to traditional outlets of information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00491-00131978-00132259 diffusion this is an increasingly mobile
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00492-00132260-00132738 and social world that demands
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00493-00132739-00133132 new types of information skills social
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00494-00133133-00133377 media integration as an access point as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00495-00133378-00133543 a very useful and mutually beneficial
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00496-00133544-00133923 tool for users and providers all major
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00497-00133924-00134154 news providers have visibility and an
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00498-00134155-00134340 access point through networks such as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00499-00134341-00134569 Facebook and Twitter maximizing their
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00500-00134570-00134820 breadth of audience through social media
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00501-00134821-00135099 people are directed to or provided with
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00502-00135100-00135382 information by people they know the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00503-00135383-00135862 ability to share like and comment on
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00504-00135863-00136201 content increases the reach farther and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00505-00136202-00136435 wider than traditional methods people
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00506-00136436-00136675 like to interact with information they
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00507-00136676-00136861 enjoy including the people they know in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00508-00136862-00137113 their circle of knowledge sharing
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00509-00137114-00137320 through social media has become so
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00510-00137321-00137584 influential that publishers must play
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00511-00137585-00137923 nice if they desire to succeed although
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00512-00137924-00138151 it is often mutually beneficial for
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00513-00138152-00138445 publishers and Facebook to share promote
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00514-00138446-00138781 and uncover new content to improve both
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00515-00138782-00139065 user base experiences the impact of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00516-00139066-00139249 popular opinion can spread in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00517-00139250-00139537 unimaginable ways social media allows
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00518-00139538-00139738 interaction through simple to learn and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00519-00139739-00139989 access tools The Wall Street Journal
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00520-00139990-00140194 offers an app through Facebook and the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00521-00140195-00140407 Washington Post goes a step further and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00522-00140408-00140635 offers an independent social app that
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00523-00140636-00140839 was downloaded by nineteen point five
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00524-00140840-00141100 million users in six months proving how
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00525-00141101-00141291 interested people are in the new way of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00526-00141292-00141948 being provided information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00527-00141949-00142311 topic social medias power to facilitate
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00528-00142312-00142531 topics
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00529-00142532-00142708 you
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00530-00142709-00142948 the connections and networks sustained
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00531-00142949-00143161 through social media help information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00532-00143162-00143359 providers learn what is important to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00533-00143360-00143616 people the connections people have
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00534-00143617-00143826 throughout the world enable the exchange
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00535-00143827-00144053 of information at an unprecedented rate
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00536-00144054-00144295 it is for this reason that these
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00537-00144296-00144477 networks have been realized for the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00538-00144478-00144748 potential they provide most news media
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00539-00144749-00144990 monitor Twitter for breaking news as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00540-00144991-00145294 well as news anchors frequently request
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00541-00145295-00145512 the audience to tweet pictures of events
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00542-00145513-00145764 the users and viewers of the shared
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00543-00145765-00146040 information have earned opinion making
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00544-00146041-00146344 and agenda-setting power this channel
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00545-00146345-00146548 has been recognized for the usefulness
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00546-00146549-00146782 of providing targeted information based
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00547-00146783-00147406 on public demand
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00548-00147407-00148082 topic research vectors and applications
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00549-00148083-00148319 the following areas are some of those
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00550-00148320-00148553 that information science investigates
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00551-00148554-00149127 and develops
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00552-00149128-00149720 topic information access
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00553-00149721-00149949 information access as an area of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00554-00149950-00150126 research at the intersection of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00555-00150127-00150339 informatics information science
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00556-00150340-00150633 information security language technology
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00557-00150634-00150942 and computer science the objectives of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00558-00150943-00151146 information access research are to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00559-00151147-00151338 automate the processing of large and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00560-00151339-00151548 unwieldy amounts of information and to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00561-00151549-00151839 simplify users access to it what about
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00562-00151840-00152052 assigning privileges and restricting
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00563-00152053-00152346 access to unauthorized users the extent
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00564-00152347-00152565 of access should be defined in the level
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00565-00152566-00152825 of clearance granted for the information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00566-00152826-00153060 applicable technologies include
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00567-00153061-00153330 information retrieval text mining text
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00568-00153331-00153591 editing machine translation and text
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00569-00153592-00153939 categorization in discussion information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00570-00153940-00154167 access is often defined as concerning
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00571-00154168-00154383 the insurance of free and closed or
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00572-00154384-00154602 public access to information and is
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00573-00154603-00154797 brought up in discussions on copyright
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00574-00154798-00155142 patent law and public domain public
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00575-00155143-00155370 libraries need resources to provide
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00576-00155371-00156012 knowledge of information assurance
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00577-00156013-00156626 topic information architecture
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00578-00156627-00156902 information architecture eeeh is the art
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00579-00156903-00157127 and science of organizing and labeling
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00580-00157128-00157386 websites Internet's online communities
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00581-00157387-00157713 and software to support usability it is
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00582-00157714-00157923 an emerging discipline and community of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00583-00157924-00158106 practice focused on bringing together
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00584-00158107-00158349 principles of design and architecture to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00585-00158350-00158634 the digital landscape typically it
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00586-00158635-00158816 involves a model or concept of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00587-00158817-00159057 information which is used in applied to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00588-00159058-00159294 activities that require explicit details
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00589-00159295-00159609 of complex information systems these
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00590-00159610-00159873 activities include library systems and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00591-00159874-00160449 database development
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00592-00160450-00161049 topic information management
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00593-00161050-00161316 information management I am is the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00594-00161317-00161526 collection and management of information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00595-00161527-00161710 from one or more sources and the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00596-00161711-00161935 distribution of that information to one
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00597-00161936-00162199 or more audiences this sometimes
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00598-00162200-00162414 involves those who have a stake in or a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00599-00162415-00162706 right to that information management
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00600-00162707-00162922 means the organization of an control
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00601-00162923-00163125 over the structure processing and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00602-00163126-00163391 delivery of information throughout the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00603-00163392-00163693 1970s this was largely limited to files
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00604-00163694-00163924 file maintenance and the lifecycle
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00605-00163925-00164143 management of paper-based files other
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00606-00164144-00164410 media and records with the proliferation
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00607-00164411-00164674 of information technology starting in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00608-00164675-00164928 the 1970s the job of information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00609-00164929-00165136 management took on a new light and also
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00610-00165137-00165334 began to include the field of data
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00611-00165335-00165895 maintenance
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00612-00165896-00166487 topic information retrieval
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00613-00166488-00166809 information retrieval ir is the area of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00614-00166810-00166989 study concerned with searching for
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00615-00166990-00167166 documents for information within
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00616-00167167-00167354 documents and for metadata about
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00617-00167355-00167589 documents as well as that of searching
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00618-00167590-00167820 structured storage relational databases
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00619-00167821-00168116 and the world wide web automated
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00620-00168117-00168336 information retrieval systems are used
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00621-00168337-00168515 to reduce what has been called
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00622-00168516-00168873 information overload many universities
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00623-00168874-00169166 and public libraries use ir systems to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00624-00169167-00169386 provide access to books journals and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00625-00169387-00169698 other documents web search engines are
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00626-00169699-00170006 the most visible ir applications an
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00627-00170007-00170268 information retrieval process begins
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00628-00170269-00170478 when a user enters a query into the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00629-00170479-00170781 system queries are formal statements of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00630-00170782-00171000 information needs for example search
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00631-00171001-00171270 strings in web search engines in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00632-00171271-00171510 information retrieval a query does not
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00633-00171511-00171765 uniquely identify a single object in the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00634-00171766-00172091 collection instead several objects may
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00635-00172092-00172299 match the query perhaps with different
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00636-00172300-00172623 degrees of relevancy an object as an
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00637-00172624-00172776 entity that is represented by
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00638-00172777-00173127 information in a database user queries
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00639-00173128-00173286 are matched against the database
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00640-00173287-00173565 information depending on the application
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00641-00173566-00173847 the data objects may be for example text
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00642-00173848-00174141 documents images audio mind maps or
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00643-00174142-00174402 videos often the documents themselves
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00644-00174403-00174654 are not kept or stored directly in the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00645-00174655-00174921 ir system but are instead represented in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00646-00174922-00175128 the system by document surrogates or
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00647-00175129-00175488 metadata most ir Systems compute a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00648-00175489-00175737 numeric score on how well each object in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00649-00175738-00175956 the database match the query and rank
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00650-00175957-00176244 the objects according to this value the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00651-00176245-00176451 top-ranking objects are then shown to
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00652-00176452-00176670 the user the process may then be
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00653-00176671-00176886 iterated if the user wishes to refine
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00654-00176887-00177432 the query
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00655-00177433-00178045 topic information-seeking
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00656-00178046-00178280 information-seeking is the process or
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00657-00178281-00178439 activity of attempting to obtain
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00658-00178440-00178646 information in both human and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00659-00178647-00178967 technological contexts information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00660-00178968-00179195 seeking is related to but different from
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00661-00179196-00179612 information retrieval IR much Library
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00662-00179613-00179873 and Information science Lee research has
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00663-00179874-00180071 focused on the information seeking
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00664-00180072-00180251 practices of practitioners within
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00665-00180252-00180481 various fields of professional work
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00666-00180482-00180722 studies have been carried out into the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00667-00180723-00180920 information seeking behaviors of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00668-00180921-00181145 librarians academics medical
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00669-00181146-00181319 professionals engineers and lawyers
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00670-00181320-00181658 among others much of this research has
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00671-00181659-00181838 drawn on the work done by Leckie
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00672-00181839-00182132 Pettigrew now Fischer and Sylvain who in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00673-00182133-00182414 1996 conducted an extensive review of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00674-00182415-00182606 the lis literature as well as the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00675-00182607-00182828 literature of other academic fields on
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00676-00182829-00183122 professionals information seeking the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00677-00183123-00183347 author's proposed an analytic model of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00678-00183348-00183536 professionals information seeking
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00679-00183537-00183767 behavior intended to be generalizable
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00680-00183768-00183986 across the professions thus providing a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00681-00183987-00184226 platform for future research in the area
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00682-00184227-00184556 the model was intended to prompt new
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00683-00184557-00184776 insights
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00684-00184777-00185025 and give rise to more refined and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00685-00185026-00185244 applicable theories of information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00686-00185245-00185859 seeking 1996 P 188 the model has been
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00687-00185860-00186201 adapted by Wilkinson 2001 who proposes a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00688-00186202-00186396 model of the information seeking of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00689-00186397-00186938 lawyers
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00690-00186939-00187521 topic information society
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00691-00187522-00187815 an information society as a society
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00692-00187816-00188012 where the creation distribution
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00693-00188013-00188286 diffusion uses integration and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00694-00188287-00188472 manipulation of information as a
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00695-00188473-00188703 significant economic political and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00696-00188704-00188961 cultural activity the aim of an
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00697-00188962-00189153 information society is to gain
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00698-00189154-00189363 competitive advantage internationally
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00699-00189364-00189591 through using IT in a creative and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00700-00189592-00189885 productive way the knowledge economy as
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00701-00189886-00190122 its economic counterpart whereby wealth
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00702-00190123-00190296 is created through the economic
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00703-00190297-00190608 exploitation of understanding people who
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00704-00190609-00190809 have the means to partake in this form
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00705-00190810-00191028 of society are sometimes called digital
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00706-00191029-00191385 citizens basically an information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00707-00191386-00191547 society is the means of getting
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00708-00191548-00191751 information from one place to another
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00709-00191752-00192282 work 1997 P 22 as technology has become
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00710-00192283-00192534 more advanced over time so too has the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00711-00192535-00192720 way we have adapted in sharing this
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00712-00192721-00193050 information with each other information
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00713-00193051-00193281 society theory discusses the role of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00714-00193282-00193515 information and information technology
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00715-00193516-00193746 in society the question of which key
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00716-00193747-00193899 concepts should be used for
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00717-00193900-00194133 characterizing contemporary society and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00718-00194134-00194433 how to define such concepts it has
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00719-00194434-00194655 become a specific branch of contemporary
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00720-00194656-00195200 sociology
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00721-00195201-00195497 topic knowledge representation and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00722-00195498-00195859 reasoning
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00723-00195860-00196183 knowledge representation kr is an area
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00724-00196184-00196372 of artificial intelligence research
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00725-00196373-00196558 aimed at representing knowledge in
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00726-00196559-00196764 symbols to facilitate inferences
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00727-00196765-00197047 knowledge elements creating new elements
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00728-00197048-00197332 of knowledge the kr can be made to be
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00729-00197333-00197506 independent of the underlying knowledge
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00730-00197507-00197724 model or knowledge based system
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00731-00197725-00198022 KBS such as a semantic Network knowledge
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00732-00198023-00198279 representation kr research involves
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00733-00198280-00198513 analysis of how to reason accurately and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00734-00198514-00198714 effectively and how best to use a set of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00735-00198715-00198937 symbols to represent a set of facts
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00736-00198938-00199195 within a knowledge domain a simple
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00737-00199196-00199437 vocabulary and a system of logic are
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00738-00199438-00199611 combined to enable inferences about
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00739-00199612-00199897 elements in the kr to create new kr
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00740-00199898-00200262 sentences logic is used to supply formal
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00741-00200263-00200458 semantics of how reasoning functions
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00742-00200459-00200628 should be applied to the symbols in the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00743-00200629-00201000 kr system logic is also used to define
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00744-00201001-00201240 how operators can process and reshape
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00745-00201241-00201528 the knowledge examples of operators and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00746-00201529-00201798 operations include negation conjunction
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00747-00201799-00202135 adverbs adjectives quantifiers and modal
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00748-00202136-00202432 operators the logic is interpretation
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00749-00202433-00202812 theory these elements symbols operators
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00750-00202813-00203086 and interpretation theory are what gives
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00751-00203087-00203851 sequences of symbols meaning within a kr
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00752-00203852-00204387 topic see also
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00753-00204388-00204777 computer and information science outline
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00754-00204778-00205075 of information science outline of
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00755-00205076-00205402 information technology Journal of the
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00756-00205403-00205651 Association for information Science and
o5ITUZ1ymfM-00757-00205652-00206077 Technology jas ist
o697ZZAHG84-00000-00000124-00001491 [Music]
o697ZZAHG84-00001-00001492-00001964 so
o697ZZAHG84-00004-00009368-00009575 you
o9r6LJszk7Q-00000-00000000-00000158 hey welcome
o9r6LJszk7Q-00001-00000159-00000478 if you came to this video i bet you're
o9r6LJszk7Q-00002-00000479-00000719 looking for straight up information
o9r6LJszk7Q-00003-00000720-00001070 concerning pro mind i'm rodriguez and i
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oqiNE-fSaO0-00000-00000006-00000311 Hare Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00001-00000312-00001113 oh my God
oqiNE-fSaO0-00002-00001114-00002509 [Applause]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00003-00002510-00002891 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00004-00002892-00003472 foreign
oqiNE-fSaO0-00005-00003473-00004147 foreign
oqiNE-fSaO0-00006-00004148-00006181 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00007-00006182-00006377 foreign
oqiNE-fSaO0-00008-00006378-00009107 foreign
oqiNE-fSaO0-00009-00009108-00009577 foreign
oqiNE-fSaO0-00010-00009578-00010575 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00011-00010576-00010745 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00012-00010746-00011365 foreign
oqiNE-fSaO0-00013-00011366-00012393 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00014-00012394-00014507 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00016-00017886-00018317 our scriptures say radhanam Vishnu or
oqiNE-fSaO0-00017-00018318-00018485 parade
oqiNE-fSaO0-00018-00018486-00018863 that of all kinds of worship the worship
oqiNE-fSaO0-00019-00018864-00019289 of Vishnu is the Supreme is the best
oqiNE-fSaO0-00020-00019290-00019571 but then the scriptures go on to say
oqiNE-fSaO0-00021-00019572-00019913 this
oqiNE-fSaO0-00022-00019914-00020089 [Applause]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00023-00020090-00020429 even better than the worship of Lord
oqiNE-fSaO0-00024-00020430-00020789 Vishnu as the worship of those things in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00025-00020790-00021211 relationship to Vishnu
oqiNE-fSaO0-00026-00021212-00021580 this is the worship means worship of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00027-00021581-00022036 Tosi Maharani Tosi Maharani is in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00028-00022037-00022319 relationship Lord Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00029-00022320-00022589 just what you've been doing here the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00030-00022590-00023039 marriage with Tulsi and Charlotte ground
oqiNE-fSaO0-00031-00023040-00023219 so
oqiNE-fSaO0-00032-00023220-00023657 the worship of Tosi is very special
oqiNE-fSaO0-00033-00023658-00024100 because it helps us to get devotion
oqiNE-fSaO0-00034-00024101-00024508 when we offer the Arctic to Tosi every
oqiNE-fSaO0-00035-00024509-00024605 morning
oqiNE-fSaO0-00036-00024606-00024875 we sing the toasty song
oqiNE-fSaO0-00037-00024876-00025289 we offer our respects to talk I beg you
oqiNE-fSaO0-00038-00025290-00025637 to make me a follower of the coward
oqiNE-fSaO0-00039-00025638-00026081 dinosaurs of Raja
oqiNE-fSaO0-00040-00026082-00026458 in the privilege of devotional service
oqiNE-fSaO0-00041-00026460-00026890 and make me your own mid-servant
oqiNE-fSaO0-00042-00026891-00027299 this very fallen and holy servant of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00043-00027300-00027652 Krishna praise may I always swim in love
oqiNE-fSaO0-00044-00027654-00027952 of Sri SRI Radha and Govinda
oqiNE-fSaO0-00045-00027954-00028301 so this is a prayer which we offer to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00046-00028302-00028661 Tosi when we are offering two CRT every
oqiNE-fSaO0-00047-00028662-00028811 day
oqiNE-fSaO0-00048-00028812-00029357 Tulsi has Devotion to say Maharani as a
oqiNE-fSaO0-00049-00029358-00029585 pure devotee
oqiNE-fSaO0-00050-00029586-00029935 and from the devotees we can get bhakti
oqiNE-fSaO0-00051-00029936-00030335 we want to get bhakti just like we like
oqiNE-fSaO0-00052-00030336-00030611 to take the dust from the teeth of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00053-00030612-00031018 toasty and we put it on our dead the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00054-00031019-00031283 dust from the Lotus feet of Tosi
oqiNE-fSaO0-00055-00031283-00031655 Maharani if we hold it on the head it's
oqiNE-fSaO0-00056-00031656-00032111 very powerful it can purify us
oqiNE-fSaO0-00057-00032112-00032620 away all sinful reactions
oqiNE-fSaO0-00058-00032622-00032971 we are here in this material world
oqiNE-fSaO0-00059-00032972-00033209 because we have
oqiNE-fSaO0-00060-00033210-00033731 some poles were not pure if we were pure
oqiNE-fSaO0-00061-00033732-00034115 Souls we would not be here the pure
oqiNE-fSaO0-00062-00034116-00034462 souls are all in golok
oqiNE-fSaO0-00063-00034463-00035281 we're here in the material world
oqiNE-fSaO0-00064-00035282-00035665 a place of death
oqiNE-fSaO0-00065-00035666-00036095 dies here we all hope to die right we
oqiNE-fSaO0-00066-00036096-00036377 take birth you have to die
oqiNE-fSaO0-00067-00036378-00036833 but actually we're only the body dies
oqiNE-fSaO0-00068-00036834-00037162 we're changing the body the soul never
oqiNE-fSaO0-00069-00037163-00037601 ties in the bhagavad-gita Lord Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00070-00037602-00037895 says adjourn it drunk and join the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00071-00037896-00038471 jumpsus
oqiNE-fSaO0-00072-00038472-00038812 for the soul there is no birth and there
oqiNE-fSaO0-00073-00038813-00039017 is no death
oqiNE-fSaO0-00074-00039018-00039359 not having once been does he ever cease
oqiNE-fSaO0-00075-00039360-00039796 to be he is unborn primeval
oqiNE-fSaO0-00076-00039797-00040168 Eternal ever existing he is not slain
oqiNE-fSaO0-00077-00040169-00040499 when the body is slain
oqiNE-fSaO0-00078-00040500-00041051 so the body dies but the soul never dies
oqiNE-fSaO0-00079-00041052-00041345 we want to free the soul from the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00080-00041346-00041693 material body by worshiping to see
oqiNE-fSaO0-00081-00041694-00042133 Maharani we can get that kind of freedom
oqiNE-fSaO0-00082-00042134-00042755 2C has pure devotion for Lord Vishnu and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00083-00042756-00043085 Lord Krishna and by worshiping to see
oqiNE-fSaO0-00084-00043086-00043433 Maharani and respecting her then we can
oqiNE-fSaO0-00085-00043434-00043679 get that devotion
oqiNE-fSaO0-00086-00043680-00044087 she has the power to give it to us
oqiNE-fSaO0-00087-00044088-00044458 so many devotees now are keeping Tulsi
oqiNE-fSaO0-00088-00044459-00044633 in their homes
oqiNE-fSaO0-00089-00044634-00044962 and we're very fortunate that here in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00090-00044963-00045287 this country it's a good climate to grow
oqiNE-fSaO0-00091-00045288-00045652 toasty we can see how the toti has grown
oqiNE-fSaO0-00092-00045653-00046121 nicely here and many manjaris you can
oqiNE-fSaO0-00093-00046122-00046480 see here on the top that the butts on
oqiNE-fSaO0-00094-00046481-00046811 the top this and the manjaris so when
oqiNE-fSaO0-00095-00046812-00046968 you worship
oqiNE-fSaO0-00096-00046969-00047224 if you have Shelley Graham Shelley
oqiNE-fSaO0-00097-00047225-00047530 grants are worshiped by the brahmanas so
oqiNE-fSaO0-00098-00047531-00047879 the Charlotte gram likes the offering of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00099-00047880-00048085 them
oqiNE-fSaO0-00100-00048086-00048401 that is the proper offering you take the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00101-00048402-00048761 two leaves and you take the flower on
oqiNE-fSaO0-00102-00048762-00049108 the top of the toasty and offer it to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00103-00049109-00049283 the Shelley ground
oqiNE-fSaO0-00104-00049284-00049667 and in this way Lord Narayan in the form
oqiNE-fSaO0-00105-00049668-00049917 of shall the ground is please
oqiNE-fSaO0-00106-00049918-00050149 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00107-00050150-00050596 Lord Krishna also speaks about Josie
oqiNE-fSaO0-00108-00050597-00050917 Lord Krishna says in the bhagavad-gita
oqiNE-fSaO0-00109-00050918-00051282 but Trump
oqiNE-fSaO0-00110-00051283-00051761 right he said you should offer me Ali a
oqiNE-fSaO0-00111-00051762-00052120 flower fruit water with love and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00112-00052121-00052258 devotion
oqiNE-fSaO0-00113-00052259-00052619 now when he says patram we should
oqiNE-fSaO0-00114-00052620-00052900 understand that patrama is not just any
oqiNE-fSaO0-00115-00052901-00053324 Patron but it's this is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00116-00053325-00053503 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00117-00053504-00054023 what is desirable by Lord Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00118-00054024-00054244 Lord Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00119-00054245-00054616 who will not accept the offerings unless
oqiNE-fSaO0-00120-00054617-00054941 there is the toasty leave there on the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00121-00054941-00055313 offering when you put the totsi on top
oqiNE-fSaO0-00122-00055314-00055619 of the offering then Lord Krishna is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00123-00055620-00055842 pleased
oqiNE-fSaO0-00124-00055844-00056237 so the worship of Tulsi is very
oqiNE-fSaO0-00125-00056238-00056603 important for us because we want to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00126-00056604-00056980 develop devotion if we want to develop
oqiNE-fSaO0-00127-00056982-00057353 that devotion for Lord Vishnu or Lord
oqiNE-fSaO0-00128-00057354-00057730 Krishna all the Vishnu temples and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00129-00057732-00058038 Krishna temples they will all keep
oqiNE-fSaO0-00130-00058039-00058249 toasty there
oqiNE-fSaO0-00131-00058250-00058576 opportunity is always worshiped in the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00132-00058577-00058919 temple so Vishnu and Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00133-00058920-00059050 and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00134-00059051-00059575 until the prabhupada went to America and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00135-00059576-00059938 1966. so he didn't take toasting with
oqiNE-fSaO0-00136-00059939-00060041 him
oqiNE-fSaO0-00137-00060041-00060329 he went to America and he began the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00138-00060329-00060580 Krishna Consciousness movement at that
oqiNE-fSaO0-00139-00060582-00060991 time there was no Tulsi later on
oqiNE-fSaO0-00140-00060991-00061330 prabhupad went to Hawaii
oqiNE-fSaO0-00141-00061332-00061679 found in Hawaii there were topsies
oqiNE-fSaO0-00142-00061679-00061853 growing there
oqiNE-fSaO0-00143-00061854-00062309 so probably said maybe he said maybe in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00144-00062310-00062747 the past yogis used to live there
oqiNE-fSaO0-00145-00062748-00062987 Hawaii is an island you know in the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00146-00062988-00063311 middle of the ocean and a lot of fruit
oqiNE-fSaO0-00147-00063312-00063869 grows there papaya and pineapple mango
oqiNE-fSaO0-00148-00063870-00064204 these things grow there so Europeans
oqiNE-fSaO0-00149-00064205-00064432 they can live like that they can live on
oqiNE-fSaO0-00150-00064433-00064532 fruits
oqiNE-fSaO0-00151-00064533-00064765 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00152-00064766-00065225 foreign this is the last five days of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00153-00065226-00065585 the month of Karthik and also the end of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00154-00065586-00065926 the chapter mashiach so for the five-day
oqiNE-fSaO0-00155-00065927-00066317 period many devotees are just simply
oqiNE-fSaO0-00156-00066318-00066803 casting some are taking only fruits and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00157-00066804-00067144 some others are taking also roots
oqiNE-fSaO0-00158-00067145-00067529 it's uh a little tapascia
oqiNE-fSaO0-00159-00067530-00067865 and by doing the pressure we can get
oqiNE-fSaO0-00160-00067866-00068035 purified
oqiNE-fSaO0-00161-00068036-00068399 in the bhagavad-gita Lord Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00162-00068400-00068806 explains the acts of sacrifice tenants
oqiNE-fSaO0-00163-00068807-00069209 and austerity should never be given up
oqiNE-fSaO0-00164-00069210-00069641 and similarly in srimad bhagavatam Lord
oqiNE-fSaO0-00165-00069642-00069750 Richard
oqiNE-fSaO0-00166-00069751-00070319 also was instructing his 100 Sons
oqiNE-fSaO0-00167-00070320-00070741 blood pressure's oldest son was Bharat
oqiNE-fSaO0-00168-00070742-00071188 Maharaja of whom the India was named
oqiNE-fSaO0-00169-00071189-00071317 after
oqiNE-fSaO0-00170-00071318-00071759 Bharat he was he became the emperor of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00171-00071760-00072079 the world so he was the son of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00172-00072080-00072437 rishabdeep who was an incarnation of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00173-00072438-00072611 Lord Vishnu
oqiNE-fSaO0-00174-00072612-00072887 so Bishop Dave
oqiNE-fSaO0-00175-00072888-00073229 Was preparing to enter into the forest
oqiNE-fSaO0-00176-00073230-00073805 to enter into the vanaprasta ashram bana
oqiNE-fSaO0-00177-00073806-00074188 Preston comes after
oqiNE-fSaO0-00178-00074189-00074519 now many of you are in the gray house
oqiNE-fSaO0-00179-00074520-00074887 I'm sure
oqiNE-fSaO0-00180-00074888-00075311 Vedic system is to go on into the banana
oqiNE-fSaO0-00181-00075312-00075475 prasta
oqiNE-fSaO0-00182-00075476-00075893 means retired you give up your material
oqiNE-fSaO0-00183-00075894-00076399 duties and take up more spiritual duties
oqiNE-fSaO0-00184-00076400-00076643 we are all
oqiNE-fSaO0-00185-00076644-00077038 Spirit souls and we have duty we have
oqiNE-fSaO0-00186-00077039-00077365 our we talked about
oqiNE-fSaO0-00187-00077366-00077806 so what is our done is not here since
oqiNE-fSaO0-00188-00077807-00078143 the only working all day but are done
oqiNE-fSaO0-00189-00078144-00078347 also understand
oqiNE-fSaO0-00190-00078348-00078700 the relationship with the Supreme and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00191-00078701-00079135 that means to engage in bhakti yoga for
oqiNE-fSaO0-00192-00079136-00079415 devotional service
oqiNE-fSaO0-00193-00079416-00079543 thank you
oqiNE-fSaO0-00194-00079544-00079973 bhakti yoga this this is the Natasha for
oqiNE-fSaO0-00195-00079974-00080353 people we have to do a little austerity
oqiNE-fSaO0-00196-00080354-00080782 a little austerity means in our Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00197-00080783-00081085 Consciousness Movement we talk about
oqiNE-fSaO0-00198-00081086-00081515 to it's to give up Pride
oqiNE-fSaO0-00199-00081516-00081731 become humble
oqiNE-fSaO0-00200-00081732-00082237 to become humble not to be proud of our
oqiNE-fSaO0-00201-00082238-00082582 material existence and our material
oqiNE-fSaO0-00202-00082583-00082769 possessions
oqiNE-fSaO0-00203-00082770-00083141 whatever we have in this world is our
oqiNE-fSaO0-00204-00083142-00083321 temporary
oqiNE-fSaO0-00205-00083322-00083687 we have to understand our spiritual
oqiNE-fSaO0-00206-00083688-00084185 nature that we are all Spiritual Beings
oqiNE-fSaO0-00207-00084186-00084569 and we have an eternal relationship with
oqiNE-fSaO0-00208-00084570-00084875 the Supreme with bhagavan
oqiNE-fSaO0-00209-00084876-00085399 we want to cultivate that relationship
oqiNE-fSaO0-00210-00085400-00085817 as human beings we have a duty to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00211-00085818-00086297 inquire about life we should ask who am
oqiNE-fSaO0-00212-00086298-00086411 I
oqiNE-fSaO0-00213-00086412-00086644 why am I here
oqiNE-fSaO0-00214-00086645-00087006 where am I going
oqiNE-fSaO0-00215-00087007-00087376 often we can only think of ourselves as
oqiNE-fSaO0-00216-00087377-00087606 a material body
oqiNE-fSaO0-00217-00087607-00088037 material body is made up of senses
oqiNE-fSaO0-00218-00088038-00088259 we eat and sleep
oqiNE-fSaO0-00219-00088260-00088606 and we're happy if we eat if we get our
oqiNE-fSaO0-00220-00088607-00088853 meals every day and we can sleep every
oqiNE-fSaO0-00221-00088854-00089159 night we're happy we're thinking my life
oqiNE-fSaO0-00222-00089160-00089344 is successful
oqiNE-fSaO0-00223-00089345-00089687 but even the animals do that
oqiNE-fSaO0-00224-00089688-00090191 so Lord Bishop Dave he told his 100 Sons
oqiNE-fSaO0-00225-00090192-00090594 headed by Bharat Maharaja that
oqiNE-fSaO0-00226-00090595-00090971 the pleasure of eating and sleeping is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00227-00090972-00091518 available even for animals like the pigs
oqiNE-fSaO0-00228-00091519-00091967 is that human life is not meant for just
oqiNE-fSaO0-00229-00091968-00092243 having pleasure like the dogs and the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00230-00092244-00092699 pigs human life is when first you have
oqiNE-fSaO0-00231-00092700-00093100 we should do some tapasya and by doing a
oqiNE-fSaO0-00232-00093101-00093391 little papashia becoming a little humble
oqiNE-fSaO0-00233-00093392-00093743 we will purify ourselves
oqiNE-fSaO0-00234-00093744-00094055 and with that purification we can
oqiNE-fSaO0-00235-00094056-00094385 experience real happiness
oqiNE-fSaO0-00236-00094386-00094600 we are meant to be happy
oqiNE-fSaO0-00237-00094601-00094997 but in the material world people are
oqiNE-fSaO0-00238-00094998-00095200 unhappy
oqiNE-fSaO0-00239-00095201-00095512 we're quite miserable we're trying to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00240-00095513-00095735 find happiness
oqiNE-fSaO0-00241-00095736-00096125 and real happiness actually comes when
oqiNE-fSaO0-00242-00096126-00096449 we engage in the bhakti yoga
oqiNE-fSaO0-00243-00096450-00096832 because with yoga we connect ourselves
oqiNE-fSaO0-00244-00096833-00097176 to the Supreme Lord
oqiNE-fSaO0-00245-00097177-00097547 the Lord is the source of all pleasure
oqiNE-fSaO0-00246-00097548-00097888 when we are connected to him then we can
oqiNE-fSaO0-00247-00097889-00098338 experience real happiness real pleasure
oqiNE-fSaO0-00248-00098339-00098729 and it begins when we start to chant the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00249-00098730-00098897 Maha mantra
oqiNE-fSaO0-00250-00098898-00099197 just as you were all doing when I came
oqiNE-fSaO0-00251-00099198-00099491 in here you were having a very rightly
oqiNE-fSaO0-00252-00099492-00099947 kept on you were chanting the Holy Name
oqiNE-fSaO0-00253-00099948-00100637 this is actually
oqiNE-fSaO0-00254-00100638-00101650 we see Cody yoga done foreign
oqiNE-fSaO0-00255-00101651-00102059 the real religion in this age of Cali is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00256-00102060-00102378 chanting the holy name of Lord Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00257-00102379-00102840 but in order to do this chanting we need
oqiNE-fSaO0-00258-00102841-00103223 Krishna we need the energy of God
oqiNE-fSaO0-00259-00103224-00103625 Krishna we have to connect to Krishna we
oqiNE-fSaO0-00260-00103626-00103799 have to please him
oqiNE-fSaO0-00261-00103800-00104244 how can we please Lord Krishna simply by
oqiNE-fSaO0-00262-00104245-00104465 chanting his name
oqiNE-fSaO0-00263-00104466-00104794 and as you're doing here also worshiping
oqiNE-fSaO0-00264-00104795-00105040 to see Maharani with Shelley Graham
oqiNE-fSaO0-00265-00105041-00105353 arranging their marriage this also
oqiNE-fSaO0-00266-00105354-00106001 facilitates
oqiNE-fSaO0-00267-00106002-00106207 you can get more
oqiNE-fSaO0-00268-00106208-00106458 devotion energy
oqiNE-fSaO0-00269-00106458-00107036 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00270-00107038-00107593 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00271-00107594-00107820 so now
oqiNE-fSaO0-00272-00107821-00107965 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00273-00107966-00108358 in countries like Canada and Russia
oqiNE-fSaO0-00274-00108359-00108616 where it's very cold
oqiNE-fSaO0-00275-00108617-00109001 usually toasty would not grow in such a
oqiNE-fSaO0-00276-00109002-00109313 place because it's so extremely cold in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00277-00109314-00109421 the winter
oqiNE-fSaO0-00278-00109422-00109866 but the devotees there are so devotional
oqiNE-fSaO0-00279-00109867-00110386 that they arrange for Tosi to be in a
oqiNE-fSaO0-00280-00110388-00110578 nice warm place
oqiNE-fSaO0-00281-00110579-00110921 they will put her in a greenhouse or a
oqiNE-fSaO0-00282-00110922-00111160 glass house and they will arrange
oqiNE-fSaO0-00283-00111161-00111569 Heating and lighting so that toasty can
oqiNE-fSaO0-00284-00111570-00111923 remain throughout the winter even though
oqiNE-fSaO0-00285-00111924-00112169 the winter in these countries can be
oqiNE-fSaO0-00286-00112170-00112499 very severe the devotees will make nice
oqiNE-fSaO0-00287-00112500-00112871 arrangements to cultivate toasty to keep
oqiNE-fSaO0-00288-00112872-00113273 her growing so that she can provide nice
oqiNE-fSaO0-00289-00113274-00113419 leaves
oqiNE-fSaO0-00290-00113420-00113873 as devotees of Krishna we also decorate
oqiNE-fSaO0-00291-00113874-00114516 our neck with kunti Mala
oqiNE-fSaO0-00292-00114517-00114952 the wood from the 2c3 is used to make
oqiNE-fSaO0-00293-00114953-00115169 the night feeds which go around their
oqiNE-fSaO0-00294-00115170-00115319 neck
oqiNE-fSaO0-00295-00115320-00115631 we would call this bit sometimes we'd
oqiNE-fSaO0-00296-00115632-00115836 say dog collar
oqiNE-fSaO0-00297-00115838-00116201 just like the dogs have the color so we
oqiNE-fSaO0-00298-00116202-00116651 have our collar these toasty neck beads
oqiNE-fSaO0-00299-00116652-00117040 but they're very important for us we
oqiNE-fSaO0-00300-00117041-00117275 never take them off
oqiNE-fSaO0-00301-00117276-00117634 sometimes we have to cover them because
oqiNE-fSaO0-00302-00117635-00117934 sometimes some places some parts of the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00303-00117935-00118327 world people don't
oqiNE-fSaO0-00304-00118328-00118643 approve of this of the kind of thing
oqiNE-fSaO0-00305-00118644-00118925 so sometimes we will put
oqiNE-fSaO0-00306-00118926-00119189 on both of some shirts or some sweater
oqiNE-fSaO0-00307-00119190-00119416 or something to conceal them
oqiNE-fSaO0-00308-00119417-00119686 but they're very important we always
oqiNE-fSaO0-00309-00119688-00119957 keep these beats on even when we're
oqiNE-fSaO0-00310-00119958-00120239 bathing we won't take them off we keep
oqiNE-fSaO0-00311-00120240-00120604 them on why because it's so important
oqiNE-fSaO0-00312-00120605-00120886 for us that we don't know when we're
oqiNE-fSaO0-00313-00120888-00121204 going to die we don't know what's going
oqiNE-fSaO0-00314-00121205-00121415 to happen to us
oqiNE-fSaO0-00315-00121416-00121739 but if we have these County beats if we
oqiNE-fSaO0-00316-00121740-00122057 have this toasty around our neck then it
oqiNE-fSaO0-00317-00122058-00122477 is said yamaraj will not come
oqiNE-fSaO0-00318-00122478-00122771 Yama Ranch has told his servants the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00319-00122772-00123239 yamadots don't go to those people who
oqiNE-fSaO0-00320-00123240-00123484 are holy name
oqiNE-fSaO0-00321-00123485-00123833 but if we somehow were not able to chant
oqiNE-fSaO0-00322-00123833-00124115 the holy name but not even ready or
oqiNE-fSaO0-00323-00124116-00124397 thinking about dying somehow happens to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00324-00124398-00124690 just some accident and you have to leave
oqiNE-fSaO0-00325-00124691-00124925 the Bible he said but if we have this
oqiNE-fSaO0-00326-00124926-00125219 toe seat around her neck
oqiNE-fSaO0-00327-00125220-00125633 then the amateurs know oh this is one of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00328-00125633-00126097 the vision of us
oqiNE-fSaO0-00329-00126098-00126484 don't bring those people to me then
oqiNE-fSaO0-00330-00126485-00126815 those are the devotees of the Lost
oqiNE-fSaO0-00331-00126816-00127252 they don't come to me so very important
oqiNE-fSaO0-00332-00127253-00127643 for us that we always have this toasty
oqiNE-fSaO0-00333-00127644-00127936 neck beats around the neck
oqiNE-fSaO0-00334-00127938-00128363 we also chant on the Maha Mantra we have
oqiNE-fSaO0-00335-00128364-00128633 our Mala in our big bike and the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00336-00128633-00128869 malabits at the time of initiation
oqiNE-fSaO0-00337-00128870-00129263 usually and with the diksha we will give
oqiNE-fSaO0-00338-00129264-00129701 to see Mao and then you can touch the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00339-00129702-00130102 Tulsi so just simply by touching the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00340-00130103-00130439 toasty beads it's very powerful it's
oqiNE-fSaO0-00341-00130440-00130852 very purified we want to use all of our
oqiNE-fSaO0-00342-00130853-00131357 senses in the service of the Lord so our
oqiNE-fSaO0-00343-00131358-00131687 sense of touch is there so when we touch
oqiNE-fSaO0-00344-00131688-00132047 the Beats where people to connect her
oqiNE-fSaO0-00345-00132048-00132545 sense of touch to the spiritual energy
oqiNE-fSaO0-00346-00132546-00133127 to see is completely spiritual she is a
oqiNE-fSaO0-00347-00133128-00133397 pure devotee of the Lord
oqiNE-fSaO0-00348-00133398-00133745 although we may see oh she's just an
oqiNE-fSaO0-00349-00133746-00134164 ordinary plant we're not seeing her
oqiNE-fSaO0-00350-00134165-00134347 spiritual position
oqiNE-fSaO0-00351-00134348-00134747 actually told the Maharani this is very
oqiNE-fSaO0-00352-00134748-00135209 very great devotee and very very dear to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00353-00135210-00135395 Lord Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00354-00135396-00135677 the leaves of Tosi
oqiNE-fSaO0-00355-00135678-00136073 can be placed on the Lotus feet Lord
oqiNE-fSaO0-00356-00136074-00136709 Krishna for Lord Vishnu only Vishnu can
oqiNE-fSaO0-00357-00136710-00137033 take toasty leaves on their feet
oqiNE-fSaO0-00358-00137034-00137302 under Lotus feet
oqiNE-fSaO0-00359-00137303-00137687 no other personality we should never put
oqiNE-fSaO0-00360-00137688-00138052 toasty on the feet of any other ordinary
oqiNE-fSaO0-00361-00138053-00138539 person it is only for the Lord to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00362-00138540-00138851 decorate his feet
oqiNE-fSaO0-00363-00138852-00139157 when the poor kumaras the sons of Lord
oqiNE-fSaO0-00364-00139158-00139475 Brahma they went into the spiritual
oqiNE-fSaO0-00365-00139476-00139883 World they went into the vikunta realm
oqiNE-fSaO0-00366-00139884-00140452 so they came to the door keeper it was
oqiNE-fSaO0-00367-00140453-00140807 actually the second doorway I never took
oqiNE-fSaO0-00368-00140808-00141166 door Keepers there giant Vijay and they
oqiNE-fSaO0-00369-00141167-00141485 wouldn't let the four kumaras come in to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00370-00141486-00141628 buy Kunta
oqiNE-fSaO0-00371-00141629-00141925 so at that time
oqiNE-fSaO0-00372-00141926-00142295 came there along with the goddess of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00373-00142296-00142727 Fortune Lord padmanaba came to see what
oqiNE-fSaO0-00374-00142728-00143081 was happening because the Lord knows
oqiNE-fSaO0-00375-00143082-00143393 everything and he knew that the four
oqiNE-fSaO0-00376-00143394-00143704 commanders had come to visit him so he
oqiNE-fSaO0-00377-00143705-00143969 went to the doorway to see the four
oqiNE-fSaO0-00378-00143970-00144340 kumaras and when he came there the four
oqiNE-fSaO0-00379-00144341-00144766 kumaras the the aroma of the toasty
oqiNE-fSaO0-00380-00144767-00145187 leaves mixed with saffron from his Lotus
oqiNE-fSaO0-00381-00145188-00145564 feet entered into the nostrils of the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00382-00145565-00145931 four kumaras and they experienced a
oqiNE-fSaO0-00383-00145932-00146399 change in their body and in their minds
oqiNE-fSaO0-00384-00146400-00146797 simply by the aroma simplify that
oqiNE-fSaO0-00385-00146798-00147149 fragrance the smell which is coming from
oqiNE-fSaO0-00386-00147150-00147509 the pilsy leaves it entered into the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00387-00147510-00147904 nostrils of the poor kumaras and there
oqiNE-fSaO0-00388-00147905-00148289 was a change in their body and in their
oqiNE-fSaO0-00389-00148290-00148378 mind
oqiNE-fSaO0-00390-00148379-00148823 and that awakened their devotion
oqiNE-fSaO0-00391-00148824-00149395 so there are many miracles in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00392-00149396-00149964 tree very very special very
oqiNE-fSaO0-00393-00149965-00150299 fortunate therefore devotees will always
oqiNE-fSaO0-00394-00150300-00150719 care very nicely and when Tulsi grows
oqiNE-fSaO0-00395-00150720-00151181 nicely then it's a sign of devotion
oqiNE-fSaO0-00396-00151182-00151469 it means there's devotion there because
oqiNE-fSaO0-00397-00151470-00151828 without devotion she will not grow
oqiNE-fSaO0-00398-00151829-00152099 she she will only grow and flourish
oqiNE-fSaO0-00399-00152100-00152395 where there is devotion
oqiNE-fSaO0-00400-00152396-00152933 so worship noctosi is very important for
oqiNE-fSaO0-00401-00152934-00153059 us
oqiNE-fSaO0-00402-00153060-00153376 actually probably introduced it to us
oqiNE-fSaO0-00403-00153377-00153821 and it was in the year 1973.
oqiNE-fSaO0-00404-00153822-00154090 after he had begun the movement then
oqiNE-fSaO0-00405-00154091-00154414 they found the toasty there in Hawaii
oqiNE-fSaO0-00406-00154415-00154745 and one American woman there disciple of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00407-00154746-00155081 Shiloh prabhupada her name was Govinda
oqiNE-fSaO0-00408-00155082-00155471 Devi dasi she had gone to Hawaii with
oqiNE-fSaO0-00409-00155472-00155711 her husband and they opened the temple
oqiNE-fSaO0-00410-00155712-00155935 in Honolulu
oqiNE-fSaO0-00411-00155936-00156364 and she had seen the Tulsi and she found
oqiNE-fSaO0-00412-00156365-00156773 out how to grow Towson sellotoci and in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00413-00156774-00157199 this way she sent seeds to devotees in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00414-00157200-00157426 all parts of the world where there were
oqiNE-fSaO0-00415-00157427-00157702 tempos and they sought the seeds and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00416-00157703-00158128 they cultivated toasty so now Tosi is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00417-00158129-00158628 growing everywhere
oqiNE-fSaO0-00418-00158629-00158921 I think many of you must also have
oqiNE-fSaO0-00419-00158922-00159209 toasty in your home
oqiNE-fSaO0-00420-00159210-00159707 good very nice yeah it's it's easy here
oqiNE-fSaO0-00421-00159708-00159952 to grow Thompson you don't have to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00422-00159953-00160264 struggle very hard because the climate
oqiNE-fSaO0-00423-00160265-00160613 is very favorable dry and a lot of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00424-00160614-00161030 sunlight toasty Maharani likes the Sun
oqiNE-fSaO0-00425-00161031-00161143 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00426-00161144-00161513 brindavan of course she also grows very
oqiNE-fSaO0-00427-00161514-00161809 nicely Brenda
oqiNE-fSaO0-00428-00161810-00162226 brinda is our name also for Josie
oqiNE-fSaO0-00429-00162227-00162526 so we're very grateful that you've
oqiNE-fSaO0-00430-00162527-00162901 arranged the marriage
oqiNE-fSaO0-00431-00162902-00163181 to Shelley ground
oqiNE-fSaO0-00432-00163182-00163654 very nice
oqiNE-fSaO0-00433-00163655-00164002 we if you have a daughter and you want
oqiNE-fSaO0-00434-00164003-00164213 to get your daughter married so here
oqiNE-fSaO0-00435-00164214-00164537 also told these like your daughter so
oqiNE-fSaO0-00436-00164538-00164807 you've arranged her marriage for her
oqiNE-fSaO0-00437-00164808-00164928 Eternal husband
oqiNE-fSaO0-00438-00164929-00165997 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00439-00165998-00166331 encourage you go on and worship till see
oqiNE-fSaO0-00440-00166332-00168673 and continue to cultivate your devotion
oqiNE-fSaO0-00441-00168674-00169007 so you can understand from that prayer
oqiNE-fSaO0-00442-00169008-00169339 how powerful the worship of Tulsi is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00443-00169340-00169714 simply by circumambulating to see
oqiNE-fSaO0-00444-00169715-00170159 Maharani simply by going around her you
oqiNE-fSaO0-00445-00170160-00170566 can be free of sins even the killing of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00446-00170567-00170711 a brahmana
oqiNE-fSaO0-00447-00170712-00171023 now I'm not encouraging you to go and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00448-00171024-00171383 kill a brahmana right we don't recommend
oqiNE-fSaO0-00449-00171384-00171802 that you put it to the test but you
oqiNE-fSaO0-00450-00171803-00172126 should understand something of the token
oqiNE-fSaO0-00451-00172127-00172423 photos
oqiNE-fSaO0-00452-00172424-00172895 we worship toasty with devotion she can
oqiNE-fSaO0-00453-00172896-00173326 just take away all of our doshas all of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00454-00173327-00173566 our faults all of our
oqiNE-fSaO0-00455-00173567-00173963 but the simple reactions which are there
oqiNE-fSaO0-00456-00173964-00174293 which are waiting to give us trouble
oqiNE-fSaO0-00457-00174294-00174773 so on this karate one very good develop
oqiNE-fSaO0-00458-00174774-00175175 the Habit to regularly worship to see
oqiNE-fSaO0-00459-00175176-00175523 you keep totally at home you can worship
oqiNE-fSaO0-00460-00175524-00175937 her one time she'll probably call us
oqiNE-fSaO0-00461-00175938-00176154 it was in New York
oqiNE-fSaO0-00462-00176155-00176440 prabhupada come to New York and he was
oqiNE-fSaO0-00463-00176441-00176837 in our temple in Brooklyn and we had a
oqiNE-fSaO0-00464-00176838-00177095 nice filthy tree growing there and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00465-00177096-00177395 travel pad would always want to see in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00466-00177396-00177643 his room
oqiNE-fSaO0-00467-00177644-00178043 actually said this is all you need to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00468-00178044-00178295 see and the Holy Name
oqiNE-fSaO0-00469-00178296-00178583 if you have toasty drawing many of Youth
oqiNE-fSaO0-00470-00178584-00178876 all said you have toasted so you need to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00471-00178877-00179273 also chant the Holy Name the chanting of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00472-00179274-00179538 the Holy Name is very important because
oqiNE-fSaO0-00473-00179539-00180023 Tulsi is a person she's a devotee and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00474-00180024-00180359 she likes to hear the chanting of the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00475-00180360-00180485 Holy Name
oqiNE-fSaO0-00476-00180486-00180851 so even if you don't have taste for
oqiNE-fSaO0-00477-00180852-00181138 chanting can't put the pleasure of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00478-00181139-00181273 Tootsie
oqiNE-fSaO0-00479-00181274-00181685 because she does she has faith and she
oqiNE-fSaO0-00480-00181686-00182014 likes to hear the chanting of the Holy
oqiNE-fSaO0-00481-00182015-00182176 Name
oqiNE-fSaO0-00482-00182177-00182407 so if you continue in this way
oqiNE-fSaO0-00483-00182408-00182740 worshiping Tulsi and chanting the holy
oqiNE-fSaO0-00484-00182741-00183052 name then certainly your life will be
oqiNE-fSaO0-00485-00183053-00183407 successful and you can all go back to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00486-00183408-00183871 God
oqiNE-fSaO0-00487-00183872-00184247 Krishna is waiting for all of us to go
oqiNE-fSaO0-00488-00184248-00184793 back to be with them
oqiNE-fSaO0-00489-00184794-00185190 so just continue as you're doing today
oqiNE-fSaO0-00490-00185191-00185488 you just continue to make it a regular
oqiNE-fSaO0-00491-00185489-00185926 habit to worship to see and to chant the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00492-00185927-00186088 Holy Name
oqiNE-fSaO0-00493-00186089-00186431 and this way surely proud that you will
oqiNE-fSaO0-00494-00186432-00186713 be very pleased Lord Krishna will be
oqiNE-fSaO0-00495-00186714-00187054 very pleased and certainly our life will
oqiNE-fSaO0-00496-00187055-00187276 be a great success
oqiNE-fSaO0-00497-00187277-00187987 thank you very much
oqiNE-fSaO0-00498-00187988-00188338 are there any questions anybody has any
oqiNE-fSaO0-00499-00188339-00188561 question
oqiNE-fSaO0-00500-00188562-00188933 you want to ask anything of it
oqiNE-fSaO0-00501-00188934-00189664 um
oqiNE-fSaO0-00502-00189665-00190121 foreign
oqiNE-fSaO0-00503-00190122-00191908 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00504-00191909-00192805 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00505-00192806-00193421 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00506-00193422-00193787 so how about offering the Tulsi to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00507-00193788-00194004 Future
oqiNE-fSaO0-00508-00194005-00194333 the reason why I'm asking is that one of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00509-00194334-00194569 the purpose is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00510-00194570-00194819 mentioning that we should not disturb
oqiNE-fSaO0-00511-00194820-00194938 the mode of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00512-00194939-00195102 government
oqiNE-fSaO0-00513-00195103-00195366 so if he is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00514-00195367-00195888 it okay to offer to see on Democracy
oqiNE-fSaO0-00515-00195889-00196235 yes yes it's all right we do offer
oqiNE-fSaO0-00516-00196236-00196645 toasty to the Lord is peace
oqiNE-fSaO0-00517-00196646-00197159 because caitanya is Vishnu tadwa
oqiNE-fSaO0-00518-00197160-00197459 although you he you may say well he's in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00519-00197460-00197681 the mood of a devotee we don't want to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00520-00197682-00197914 disturb this baba but we're not
oqiNE-fSaO0-00521-00197915-00198154 worshiping him in the mood over the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00522-00198155-00198395 world we're worshiping him as the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00523-00198396-00198521 Supreme Lord
oqiNE-fSaO0-00524-00198522-00198845 you see but just like lordship and you
oqiNE-fSaO0-00525-00198846-00199135 took sin yards we don't worship him
oqiNE-fSaO0-00526-00199136-00199397 we worship him with the full head of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00527-00199398-00199600 hair and with jewelry and net and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00528-00199601-00200490 ornaments and so on WE decorate him
oqiNE-fSaO0-00529-00200491-00200850 is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00530-00200851-00201197 enjoying the association with all of his
oqiNE-fSaO0-00531-00201198-00201635 devotees and so we do offer Topsy to him
oqiNE-fSaO0-00532-00201636-00201904 you can see godlands placed around the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00533-00201905-00202187 snack of toasty and his Lord his peoples
oqiNE-fSaO0-00534-00202188-00202481 who decorated with toasty leaves not
oqiNE-fSaO0-00535-00202482-00202757 only chaitanya Maha Prabhu but also
oqiNE-fSaO0-00536-00202758-00203099 nityananda and also atueta acharya
oqiNE-fSaO0-00537-00203100-00203413 because all three are Vishnu
oqiNE-fSaO0-00538-00203414-00203587 and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00539-00203588-00203963 this is a form of Vishnu and satashiva
oqiNE-fSaO0-00540-00203964-00204340 and Lord
oqiNE-fSaO0-00541-00204341-00204719 so they're all Vishnu and so you see
oqiNE-fSaO0-00542-00204720-00205001 Lotus feet the Lord's feet are decorated
oqiNE-fSaO0-00543-00205002-00205584 with the toes
oqiNE-fSaO0-00544-00205585-00205969 first you can come and then
oqiNE-fSaO0-00545-00205969-00206455 one question no no yeah that is price
oqiNE-fSaO0-00546-00206456-00206855 it is very important you can ask
oqiNE-fSaO0-00547-00206856-00207006 okay
oqiNE-fSaO0-00548-00207007-00207717 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00549-00207719-00208842 [Music]
oqiNE-fSaO0-00550-00208844-00209140 I want you to encourage me I have a lot
oqiNE-fSaO0-00551-00209141-00209381 of negative thinking in every situation
oqiNE-fSaO0-00552-00209382-00209686 so how can I stop like this negative
oqiNE-fSaO0-00553-00209687-00210053 thinking I have lots of like uh negative
oqiNE-fSaO0-00554-00210054-00210257 thinking I play with lots of negativity
oqiNE-fSaO0-00555-00210258-00210557 I try to stop it but I don't know how I
oqiNE-fSaO0-00556-00210558-00210773 can stop please can you encourage me
oqiNE-fSaO0-00557-00210773-00211025 regarding this yes
oqiNE-fSaO0-00558-00211026-00211271 you have doubts you know your negative
oqiNE-fSaO0-00559-00211271-00211608 thinking about right so Lord Krishna is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00560-00211609-00211955 madhusudan he's the killer of the demon
oqiNE-fSaO0-00561-00211956-00212231 model and your doubts are like the demon
oqiNE-fSaO0-00562-00212232-00212656 Madu so Lord Krishna he can kill the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00563-00212657-00212951 demon of doubts how will he kill the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00564-00212952-00213292 demon of Dance by the knowledge which he
oqiNE-fSaO0-00565-00213294-00213546 gives you should read the book of agita
oqiNE-fSaO0-00566-00213548-00213917 if you read the book of agita then it
oqiNE-fSaO0-00567-00213917-00214253 will help you to conquer your doubts and
oqiNE-fSaO0-00568-00214254-00214498 the negative thinking which comes in
oqiNE-fSaO0-00569-00214500-00214853 your mind you have to hear from Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00570-00214854-00215219 and from krsna's devotees so when you
oqiNE-fSaO0-00571-00215219-00215458 hear from them they will help you to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00572-00215459-00215794 counteract all the doubts the doubts are
oqiNE-fSaO0-00573-00215796-00215992 coming due to ignorance
oqiNE-fSaO0-00574-00215994-00216156 due to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00575-00216157-00216496 what we call Darkness just like in the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00576-00216498-00216827 darkness of nights so you feel doubt you
oqiNE-fSaO0-00577-00216828-00217073 feel insecure you feel you worry you
oqiNE-fSaO0-00578-00217073-00217391 have fear but in the daytime there's no
oqiNE-fSaO0-00579-00217392-00217655 fear you can walk everywhere in the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00580-00217656-00217973 daytime you're not afraid so knowledge
oqiNE-fSaO0-00581-00217973-00218284 is like light and ignorance is like
oqiNE-fSaO0-00582-00218285-00218632 Darkness so you have to counter that
oqiNE-fSaO0-00583-00218633-00218884 ignorance and doubts which come in your
oqiNE-fSaO0-00584-00218885-00219187 mind you can counter them with knowledge
oqiNE-fSaO0-00585-00219188-00219444 and that knowledge will come from
oqiNE-fSaO0-00586-00219446-00219875 hearing and from reading scriptures like
oqiNE-fSaO0-00587-00219876-00220087 I said
oqiNE-fSaO0-00588-00220088-00220421 and you will also get knowledge if you
oqiNE-fSaO0-00589-00220421-00220769 will chant the Maha Mantra if you do the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00590-00220769-00221087 chanting of the Hare Krishna Mantra then
oqiNE-fSaO0-00591-00221088-00221344 that will help you to overcome all of
oqiNE-fSaO0-00592-00221346-00221615 your doubts in your negative the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00593-00221616-00221860 negative thinking is coming from your
oqiNE-fSaO0-00594-00221861-00221963 mind
oqiNE-fSaO0-00595-00221964-00222334 but you're you are not the mind you are
oqiNE-fSaO0-00596-00222335-00222442 so
oqiNE-fSaO0-00597-00222444-00222827 so your mind can be your friend but your
oqiNE-fSaO0-00598-00222828-00223139 mind can also be your enemy
oqiNE-fSaO0-00599-00223140-00223456 we give the example just like a knight
oqiNE-fSaO0-00600-00223457-00223829 can be used by some criminal to kill
oqiNE-fSaO0-00601-00223830-00224117 someone but the same night may be used
oqiNE-fSaO0-00602-00224117-00224489 by a doctor to heal someone
oqiNE-fSaO0-00603-00224490-00224819 so you have to learn how to control your
oqiNE-fSaO0-00604-00224819-00224896 mind
oqiNE-fSaO0-00605-00224898-00225215 your mind can be depressed or it can be
oqiNE-fSaO0-00606-00225216-00225515 your enemy when your mind thinks
oqiNE-fSaO0-00607-00225516-00225839 negatively then that is the mind being
oqiNE-fSaO0-00608-00225840-00226192 the enemy you have to conquer over this
oqiNE-fSaO0-00609-00226194-00226439 mind train your mind
oqiNE-fSaO0-00610-00226440-00226715 and you do this you can do it most
oqiNE-fSaO0-00611-00226716-00227069 important is by chanting Hare Krishna
oqiNE-fSaO0-00612-00227069-00227419 Mantra are you chanting
oqiNE-fSaO0-00613-00227419-00227782 question I'm not chanting because I'm
oqiNE-fSaO0-00614-00227783-00228192 taking this shape of you now
oqiNE-fSaO0-00615-00228194-00228569 just take a take on this shape yes well
oqiNE-fSaO0-00616-00228569-00228844 it's good if you can learn you know the
oqiNE-fSaO0-00617-00228846-00229042 mansion in which we're tempting you know
oqiNE-fSaO0-00618-00229044-00229931 this is
oqiNE-fSaO0-00619-00229932-00230706 foreign
oqiNE-fSaO0-00620-00230707-00231125 yes if you chant this will take away all
oqiNE-fSaO0-00621-00231126-00231377 of the negative thoughts which are there
oqiNE-fSaO0-00622-00231378-00231694 in your mind this is how you have to
oqiNE-fSaO0-00623-00231696-00232798 deal with your mind
oqiNE-fSaO0-00624-00232800-00233100 foreign
orp1QFrzJxY-00000-00000102-00000269 thereof
orp1QFrzJxY-00001-00000270-00000461 and away we go then for this better
orp1QFrzJxY-00002-00000462-00000916 racing tv.com handicap Good Start by
orp1QFrzJxY-00003-00000917-00001193 open market who's often Keen in her
orp1QFrzJxY-00004-00001194-00001420 races but also up there is Maggie's turn
orp1QFrzJxY-00005-00001421-00001679 and Holly Doyle in behind his Wen moon
orp1QFrzJxY-00006-00001680-00001925 in the purple jacket blue and white and
orp1QFrzJxY-00007-00001926-00002129 mutani at the back of the field is
orp1QFrzJxY-00008-00002130-00002345 thunder bear as they head down the
orp1QFrzJxY-00009-00002346-00002621 center of the course Maggie's turn is
orp1QFrzJxY-00010-00002622-00002902 out in front with uh for company the
orp1QFrzJxY-00011-00002903-00003113 king going open market when mooning
orp1QFrzJxY-00012-00003114-00003306 behind and Tom Marquan then comes
orp1QFrzJxY-00013-00003307-00003586 bhutani Dane O'Neal at the back of the
orp1QFrzJxY-00014-00003588-00003886 five is thunder bear as I know race
orp1QFrzJxY-00015-00003888-00004067 Beyond halfway
orp1QFrzJxY-00016-00004068-00004336 Maggie's turn an open market not much
orp1QFrzJxY-00017-00004337-00004613 between them chased by Wen moon in third
orp1QFrzJxY-00018-00004614-00004799 place with muttani getting a little bit
orp1QFrzJxY-00019-00004800-00005033 closer now then comes Thunder bear they
orp1QFrzJxY-00020-00005034-00005188 head to the final two Maggie's turn
orp1QFrzJxY-00021-00005189-00005417 Under Pressure open market far right
orp1QFrzJxY-00022-00005418-00005627 when Moon down this near side to the
orp1QFrzJxY-00023-00005628-00005777 left move Tani followed through by
orp1QFrzJxY-00024-00005778-00005975 Thunder bear as they head down towards
orp1QFrzJxY-00025-00005976-00006149 the final furlough of the contest
orp1QFrzJxY-00026-00006150-00006347 muttani down this near sight Down The
orp1QFrzJxY-00027-00006348-00006581 Far Side when Moon open market Thunder
orp1QFrzJxY-00028-00006581-00006791 Bears going well going very well under
orp1QFrzJxY-00029-00006792-00006983 Ron and Whalen as they head down to the
orp1QFrzJxY-00030-00006984-00007181 final half fella muttani being taken on
orp1QFrzJxY-00031-00007181-00007367 by Thunder bear who's come from the back
orp1QFrzJxY-00032-00007368-00007517 of the field here and he's going away
orp1QFrzJxY-00033-00007518-00007763 really cheaply to Victory under Rodin
orp1QFrzJxY-00034-00007764-00008014 wheelan Thunder bear beats mutani in
orp1QFrzJxY-00035-00008015-00008195 second then came open market in third
orp1QFrzJxY-00036-00008196-00008453 when Moon and in last place Maggie's
orp1QFrzJxY-00037-00008454-00008614 turn
orp1QFrzJxY-00038-00008615-00008824 Thunder bear outside of the lot of the
orp1QFrzJxY-00039-00008825-00008987 dotted up run away well done that was
orp1QFrzJxY-00040-00008988-00009178 mighty impressive yeah he he came good
orp1QFrzJxY-00041-00009179-00009371 uh we were on the way over and Jack
orp1QFrzJxY-00042-00009372-00009545 showed me a video of him and down Riley
orp1QFrzJxY-00043-00009546-00009713 kind of half missed a kick one day and
orp1QFrzJxY-00044-00009714-00009946 he ended up finishing second to a social
orp1QFrzJxY-00045-00009947-00010156 enlisted winner of Patty Tumi so he kind
orp1QFrzJxY-00046-00010157-00010295 of said if we can kind of write him
orp1QFrzJxY-00047-00010296-00010492 something similar to today and hope they
orp1QFrzJxY-00048-00010493-00010727 go hard and look he switched off lovely
orp1QFrzJxY-00049-00010728-00010877 and was behind the Bridle and he just
orp1QFrzJxY-00050-00010878-00011021 cruised through the wrists you know a
orp1QFrzJxY-00051-00011022-00011242 new headgear today yeah no headgear Just
orp1QFrzJxY-00052-00011243-00011459 Jack took everything off him and we just
orp1QFrzJxY-00053-00011460-00011651 said you know write him a confidence
orp1QFrzJxY-00054-00011652-00011860 um no pressure kind of ride and just let
orp1QFrzJxY-00055-00011861-00012046 it happen and yeah he's always
orp1QFrzJxY-00056-00012047-00012214 threatened to do something like that at
orp1QFrzJxY-00057-00012215-00012431 home he's quite hard on himself so it's
orp1QFrzJxY-00058-00012432-00012617 important he says doing a good better
orp1QFrzJxY-00059-00012618-00012767 race he'd be an easier right yeah you'd
orp1QFrzJxY-00060-00012768-00013033 like to think so you know and he's uh
orp1QFrzJxY-00061-00013034-00013307 he's had and he took him all to get his
orp1QFrzJxY-00062-00013308-00013475 head in front before and that might just
orp1QFrzJxY-00063-00013476-00013630 give him a confidence booster so uh
orp1QFrzJxY-00064-00013631-00013757 hopefully he can go on from that he
orp1QFrzJxY-00065-00013758-00013966 opened up a lot of good races now if
orp1QFrzJxY-00066-00013968-00014147 it's written yeah I think so I think um
orp1QFrzJxY-00067-00014147-00014380 it was a good call Jack obviously had to
orp1QFrzJxY-00068-00014381-00014561 fill in the listed race and he thinks he
orp1QFrzJxY-00069-00014562-00014722 taught the type of racing over here in
orp1QFrzJxY-00070-00014723-00014921 my suit and just at home in Ireland when
orp1QFrzJxY-00071-00014922-00015113 we Sprint we it can kind of be a little
orp1QFrzJxY-00072-00015113-00015347 bit tactical you know whereas here they
orp1QFrzJxY-00073-00015347-00015563 tend to go more even honest Gallup
orp1QFrzJxY-00074-00015563-00015719 especially on the flat track like this
orp1QFrzJxY-00075-00015719-00015922 this it tends to pierce tends to hold up
orp1QFrzJxY-00076-00015923-00016127 and he taught in my suit and he threw
orp1QFrzJxY-00077-00016128-00016283 him on the box and shared look it worked
orp1QFrzJxY-00078-00016284-00016433 out ideal see you plenty during the
orp1QFrzJxY-00079-00016434-00016547 summer maybe well done and hopefully
orp1QFrzJxY-00080-00016548-00016847 first the money thank you watch live
orp1QFrzJxY-00081-00016848-00017181 racing now on racingtv.com
orp1QFrzJxY-00082-00017182-00017690 [Music]
orHh3-8zxRk-00000-00000036-00000342 [Music]
orHh3-8zxRk-00001-00000343-00002233 okay
orHh3-8zxRk-00003-00007552-00009159 okay
orHh3-8zxRk-00004-00009160-00009833 okay
orHh3-8zxRk-00005-00009834-00012359 [Music]
orHh3-8zxRk-00006-00012360-00013179 okay
orHh3-8zxRk-00007-00013180-00015558 [Music]
orHh3-8zxRk-00008-00015559-00017158 good
orHh3-8zxRk-00009-00017159-00018233 okay
orHh3-8zxRk-00010-00018234-00021175 [Music]
orHh3-8zxRk-00011-00021176-00021384 you
o-jQUPfHyCg-00000-00001400-00002640 foreign
o-jQUPfHyCg-00001-00002641-00003904 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00002-00003906-00003972 [Applause]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00004-00013140-00014146 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00005-00014147-00016583 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00008-00028452-00029645 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00010-00034456-00035394 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00011-00035395-00036518 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00012-00036519-00037226 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00013-00037227-00038434 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00014-00038435-00039907 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00015-00039908-00040446 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00016-00040447-00040591 uh
o-jQUPfHyCg-00017-00040592-00041507 [Laughter]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00019-00048912-00049053 foreign
o-jQUPfHyCg-00020-00049054-00049649 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00022-00052780-00053359 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00023-00053360-00053802 um
o-jQUPfHyCg-00024-00053803-00054045 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00025-00054046-00054113 [Applause]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00026-00054114-00055935 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00030-00071834-00072628 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00031-00072629-00074198 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00033-00080990-00081818 [Applause]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00034-00081819-00083340 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00035-00083341-00083918 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00036-00083919-00084062 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00037-00084063-00085359 uh
o-jQUPfHyCg-00039-00091258-00092487 [Applause]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00040-00092488-00092917 uh
o-jQUPfHyCg-00041-00092918-00093871 [Applause]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00042-00093872-00094725 foreign
o-jQUPfHyCg-00045-00104071-00105527 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00046-00105528-00106166 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00052-00141404-00142600 [Music]
o-jQUPfHyCg-00055-00161567-00161867 haruna
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00000-00000000-00000118 hello everyone and welcome back to the
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00001-00000119-00000383 video in today's April 25th my aunty and
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00002-00000384-00000499 I thought that I'd do a day in the life
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00003-00000500-00000632 video because some exciting things are
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00004-00000633-00000794 happening today the first exciting thing
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00005-00000795-00001007 is that it's got on board Day which is a
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00006-00001008-00001148 day where a lot of public transit
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00007-00001149-00001295 agencies offering free rides and
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00008-00001296-00001448 encouraging people to get on board for
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00009-00001449-00001589 better transit that's pretty exciting
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00010-00001590-00001763 for me as a transit advocate the second
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00011-00001764-00002000 exciting thing is that my interview for
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00012-00002001-00002237 the on-campus PR and advertising agency
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00013-00002238-00002377 is today so I'm going to be going to
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00014-00002378-00002549 that after work today right now I'm just
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00015-00002550-00002699 about to go to my allergy clinic to get
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00016-00002700-00002855 my shot so I'm gonna leave now and I'll
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00017-00002856-00003606 catch you all later
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00018-00003607-00003902 so I got my shot and she's you know and
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00019-00003903-00004342 I just thought to go to my policy class
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00020-00004343-00004672 so I just got done with for work and I
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00021-00004673-00004906 interviewed about 15 minutes or so so
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00022-00004907-00005077 she'll look so I just got done with my
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00023-00005078-00005227 interview I think it went pretty well
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00024-00005228-00005417 didn't really ask any hard questions
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00025-00005418-00005620 they're just like about my strengths and
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00026-00005621-00005747 what I want to get out of it hopefully
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00027-00005748-00005900 I'll get into that I can do it because
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00028-00005901-00006022 it seems like a really cool opportunity
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00029-00006023-00006193 but now I think I'm gonna check out the
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00030-00006194-00006334 new Aquatic Center because I haven't
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00031-00006335-00006484 been there yet and then I'm gonna head
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00032-00006486-00006689 to the Barclays to meeting around 5:30
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00033-00006690-00007864 years old
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00034-00007865-00008885 [Music]
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00035-00008886-00009114 so I just left this rack it was pretty
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00036-00009115-00009288 cool and I'm excited to go back when I'm
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00037-00009289-00009420 not dressed like this so now I'm gonna
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00038-00009421-00009774 watch the elevator so I'm finally back
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00039-00009775-00009933 home the part meeting went pretty well I
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00040-00009934-00010068 didn't really get a lot of new
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00041-00010069-00010275 information I mean they just went to ask
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00042-00010276-00010421 questions about accountability and
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00043-00010422-00010581 funding because the parent by extension
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00044-00010582-00010812 got really delayed and it caused a lot
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00045-00010813-00011016 of root cuts in my area because of EJ's
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00046-00011017-00011148 budget and I'm basically trying to
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00047-00011149-00011352 decide if I want to support the measure
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00048-00011353-00011544 that's gonna be on the ballot in 2020
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00049-00011545-00011727 it's a fun bar or not then fortunately
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00050-00011728-00011880 didn't really give me a clear answer so
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00051-00011881-00012024 I guess I'm gonna have to ask some more
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00052-00012025-00012216 questions at the measure debates but I'm
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00053-00012217-00012369 not gonna get too far into that because
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00054-00012370-00012519 I know that LR you probably don't really
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00055-00012520-00012624 care about this I hope that you all
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00056-00012625-00012855 enjoyed coming along with me on this day
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00057-00012856-00012996 in my life there were a few exciting
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00058-00012997-00013134 things that happened like get on board
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00059-00013135-00013413 day and my agency interview otherwise it
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00060-00013413-00013566 was pretty normal day I went to school I
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00061-00013566-00013710 went to work and I went to community
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00062-00013711-00013830 meetings I've been going to a lot of
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00063-00013831-00013986 community meetings recently because I
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00064-00013987-00014136 just really want to be able to make my
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00065-00014137-00014283 voice heard and actually have an impact
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00066-00014284-00014447 it's really hard to get people to listen
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00067-00014448-00014601 to you especially when you're young and
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00068-00014602-00014787 you don't have a lot of money or power
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00069-00014788-00014979 really so I'm trying and that's all you
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00070-00014980-00015126 can really do in life so hope you all
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00071-00015127-00015291 enjoyed this video let me know what you
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00072-00015291-00015428 did today down in the comments below
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00073-00015429-00015641 thank you all so much for watching stay
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00074-00015643-00015756 awesome and I'll see all of you very
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00075-00015757-00016331 soon with a new video goodbye
o-W3nkrXQ1o-00076-00016332-00017040 [Music]
oA8nR7VVquI-00000-00000024-00000250 it's unclear what causes social anxiety
oA8nR7VVquI-00001-00000252-00000473 disorder but it's thought to be a
oA8nR7VVquI-00002-00000474-00000695 combination of genetic and environmental
oA8nR7VVquI-00003-00000696-00000935 factors like having a close relative
oA8nR7VVquI-00004-00000936-00001175 with social anxiety disorder or being
oA8nR7VVquI-00005-00001176-00001439 exposed to neglect and abuse
oA8nR7VVquI-00006-00001440-00001679 the diagnostic and statistical Manual of
oA8nR7VVquI-00007-00001680-00002009 mental disorders or DSM-5 Define social
oA8nR7VVquI-00008-00002010-00002260 anxiety disorder as causing individuals
oA8nR7VVquI-00009-00002261-00002452 to fear acting in a certain way that
oA8nR7VVquI-00010-00002453-00002650 might make them get judged and it can
oA8nR7VVquI-00011-00002651-00002831 cause anxiety that interferes with their
oA8nR7VVquI-00012-00002832-00002987 normal routine as well as their
oA8nR7VVquI-00013-00002988-00003107 relationships
oA8nR7VVquI-00014-00003108-00003353 and what's more is the fear of anxiety
oA8nR7VVquI-00015-00003354-00003569 is persistent lasting for six or more
oA8nR7VVquI-00016-00003570-00003779 months
oA8nR7VVquI-00017-00003779-00004079 usually social anxiety disorder causes
oA8nR7VVquI-00018-00004079-00004270 distress for individuals in specific
oA8nR7VVquI-00019-00004271-00004547 social situations or circumstances
oA8nR7VVquI-00020-00004548-00004822 for example one person might get really
oA8nR7VVquI-00021-00004823-00004979 anxious when making small talk with
oA8nR7VVquI-00022-00004980-00005149 acquaintances or meeting new people
oA8nR7VVquI-00023-00005150-00005345 whereas another person might get
oA8nR7VVquI-00024-00005346-00005572 performance anxiety and not feel able to
oA8nR7VVquI-00025-00005573-00005801 give a presentation or give a toast at a
oA8nR7VVquI-00026-00005802-00006037 friend's wedding
oDjHKXCTStY-00000-00000593-00000923 but every homeless person there's five
oDjHKXCTStY-00001-00000924-00001190 vacant house is open for them and that
oDjHKXCTStY-00002-00001191-00001457 should never be the case I work with
oDjHKXCTStY-00003-00001458-00001754 homeless families and with vacant
oDjHKXCTStY-00004-00001755-00001997 properties cleaning up vacant properties
oDjHKXCTStY-00005-00001998-00002198 so that homeless families have a place
oDjHKXCTStY-00006-00002199-00002432 to stay shelters are overcrowded in
oDjHKXCTStY-00007-00002433-00002677 Minneapolis and there are vacant houses
oDjHKXCTStY-00008-00002678-00002849 on just about every block in my
oDjHKXCTStY-00009-00002850-00003052 neighborhood and it really just makes no
oDjHKXCTStY-00010-00003053-00003220 sense that people are getting you know
oDjHKXCTStY-00011-00003221-00003472 turned away from shelter or sleeping
oDjHKXCTStY-00012-00003473-00003668 under bridges whether all of these
oDjHKXCTStY-00013-00003669-00003860 houses just sitting vacant so these
oDjHKXCTStY-00014-00003861-00004063 arrests are outrageous they're they're
oDjHKXCTStY-00015-00004064-00004274 unconscionable you can't arrest someone
oDjHKXCTStY-00016-00004275-00004561 for repairing house for a family
oDjHKXCTStY-00017-00004562-00004736 experiencing homelessness and charge
oDjHKXCTStY-00018-00004737-00005002 them with burglary a man goes in he's
oDjHKXCTStY-00019-00005003-00005204 not hurting anyone he's trying to help
oDjHKXCTStY-00020-00005205-00005372 this home and help people that are
oDjHKXCTStY-00021-00005373-00005731 homeless to get off the street and right
oDjHKXCTStY-00022-00005732-00005977 away they're jumped on like their
oDjHKXCTStY-00023-00005978-00006238 criminal number one they were arrested
oDjHKXCTStY-00024-00006239-00006431 because they are young black men they
oDjHKXCTStY-00025-00006431-00006566 were arrested because they have the
oDjHKXCTStY-00026-00006567-00006770 audacity as people experiencing
oDjHKXCTStY-00027-00006770-00006938 homelessness to create their own
oDjHKXCTStY-00028-00006939-00007255 solutions currently occupying the home
oDjHKXCTStY-00029-00007256-00007691 but I also do help don't fix up houses
oDjHKXCTStY-00030-00007692-00008006 to find families that's in the housing
oDjHKXCTStY-00031-00008006-00008249 crisis that need housing that they can
oDjHKXCTStY-00032-00008250-00008485 afford I also look forward to a day
oDjHKXCTStY-00033-00008486-00008746 where we can actually work together and
oDjHKXCTStY-00034-00008747-00009049 work together to find solutions to this
oDjHKXCTStY-00035-00009050-00009477 homelessness crisis
oDjHKXCTStY-00036-00009478-00009684 you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00000-00000024-00000327 meeting
oFJo6JBbjtc-00001-00000328-00000478 yeah this is so that we can share the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00002-00000479-00000638 meeting with the broader community
oFJo6JBbjtc-00003-00000639-00001079 on our uh youtube afterwards
oFJo6JBbjtc-00004-00001080-00001270 okay and with that david go ahead and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00005-00001271-00001431 take it away
oFJo6JBbjtc-00006-00001432-00001599 sounds good thank you so much winnie
oFJo6JBbjtc-00007-00001600-00001807 howdy everybody welcome to the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00008-00001807-00001975 july 9th community meeting for the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00009-00001976-00002167 openid 2021 conference i hope you all
oFJo6JBbjtc-00010-00002168-00002263 are doing well
oFJo6JBbjtc-00011-00002264-00002431 staying safe in the weather i know it's
oFJo6JBbjtc-00012-00002432-00002583 pretty wild lots of places
oFJo6JBbjtc-00013-00002584-00002767 here in edmonton alberta canada we're at
oFJo6JBbjtc-00014-00002768-00002983 the second version of the heat wave for
oFJo6JBbjtc-00015-00002984-00003110 the past a little bit so i'm trying to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00016-00003111-00003295 stay cool stay hydrated
oFJo6JBbjtc-00017-00003296-00003527 but welcome all to the meeting we were
oFJo6JBbjtc-00018-00003528-00003711 expecting this to be a bit more small
oFJo6JBbjtc-00019-00003711-00004047 intimate it's a very relaxed time or
oFJo6JBbjtc-00020-00004047-00004199 busy time depending on where you're at
oFJo6JBbjtc-00021-00004200-00004406 but you're either in vacation or crunch
oFJo6JBbjtc-00022-00004407-00004470 time
oFJo6JBbjtc-00023-00004471-00004622 so we're so excited that y'all could be
oFJo6JBbjtc-00024-00004623-00004806 here with us and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00025-00004807-00005038 join in today for the uh the very fun
oFJo6JBbjtc-00026-00005039-00005175 conversation we have we got a couple
oFJo6JBbjtc-00027-00005176-00005302 cool things on the agenda
oFJo6JBbjtc-00028-00005303-00005486 we have a bit of an operations update
oFJo6JBbjtc-00029-00005487-00005663 talking about the organizing process the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00030-00005664-00005775 operating structure some of the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00031-00005776-00005870 committees
oFJo6JBbjtc-00032-00005871-00006031 we also have a lot of really cool
oFJo6JBbjtc-00033-00006032-00006247 questions about uh the future of the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00034-00006248-00006439 conference what you're looking to see
oFJo6JBbjtc-00035-00006440-00006623 uh from the conference in the future
oFJo6JBbjtc-00036-00006623-00006742 that sort of stuff
oFJo6JBbjtc-00037-00006743-00007031 sorry loud cars outside um as well as
oFJo6JBbjtc-00038-00007031-00007183 some more of the nitty-gritty stuff like
oFJo6JBbjtc-00039-00007184-00007423 what sort of communication platforms
oFJo6JBbjtc-00040-00007423-00007687 that kind of thing so stay tuned there's
oFJo6JBbjtc-00041-00007688-00007878 gonna be some really fun questions
oFJo6JBbjtc-00042-00007879-00008070 uh to answer those questions though you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00043-00008072-00008214 are gonna need to set up menti
oFJo6JBbjtc-00044-00008215-00008391 i'll post the link in the chat right
oFJo6JBbjtc-00045-00008392-00008591 here uh that should work out for you as
oFJo6JBbjtc-00046-00008592-00008799 well or you could scan the qr code on
oFJo6JBbjtc-00047-00008800-00008927 the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00048-00008928-00009214 screen or third option you can also go
oFJo6JBbjtc-00049-00009215-00009246 to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00050-00009247-00009463 mentee.com and type in the code at the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00051-00009464-00009583 very top up there
oFJo6JBbjtc-00052-00009584-00010078 reading it out for y'all it is 497219
oFJo6JBbjtc-00053-00010079-00010310 so you can go to menti.com and toss that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00054-00010311-00010414 in there or
oFJo6JBbjtc-00055-00010415-00010638 use the link or use the code so there's
oFJo6JBbjtc-00056-00010639-00010838 quite a couple different options
oFJo6JBbjtc-00057-00010839-00011055 so i know we had one uh one person in
oFJo6JBbjtc-00058-00011056-00011174 the chat already say where they're
oFJo6JBbjtc-00059-00011175-00011287 coming from but
oFJo6JBbjtc-00060-00011288-00011446 just out of curiosity where is everybody
oFJo6JBbjtc-00061-00011447-00011614 joining us from today i'm
oFJo6JBbjtc-00062-00011615-00011774 out here in edmonton i know we had
oFJo6JBbjtc-00063-00011775-00011935 somebody uh off
oFJo6JBbjtc-00064-00011936-00012246 in uh in the montreal area um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00065-00012247-00012846 where else is everybody from today
oFJo6JBbjtc-00066-00012847-00013166 nice oklahoma
oFJo6JBbjtc-00067-00013168-00013471 cool sunny wisconsin
oFJo6JBbjtc-00068-00013472-00013655 not rainy wisconsin today sunny
oFJo6JBbjtc-00069-00013656-00013886 wisconsin i see a north dakota in the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00070-00013887-00014083 chat too
oFJo6JBbjtc-00071-00014084-00014543 nice
oFJo6JBbjtc-00072-00014544-00014783 another houston big houston crowd today
oFJo6JBbjtc-00073-00014784-00015255 too
oFJo6JBbjtc-00074-00015256-00015822 suck quebec join the list nice nice
oFJo6JBbjtc-00075-00015823-00015975 another edmonton friend i feel like i
oFJo6JBbjtc-00076-00015976-00016143 could i can guess who that is
oFJo6JBbjtc-00077-00016144-00016447 um i know we we edmonton folks do enjoy
oFJo6JBbjtc-00078-00016448-00016599 the open ed conference and there's a
oFJo6JBbjtc-00079-00016600-00016943 pretty solid group of us here
oFJo6JBbjtc-00080-00016944-00017119 so glad to hear where everybody's coming
oFJo6JBbjtc-00081-00017120-00017271 from today
oFJo6JBbjtc-00082-00017272-00017439 for me i've been watching a lot of tv
oFJo6JBbjtc-00083-00017440-00017630 recently kind of curious
oFJo6JBbjtc-00084-00017631-00017758 what's everybody watching what's your
oFJo6JBbjtc-00085-00017759-00017958 favorite show right now i've been loving
oFJo6JBbjtc-00086-00017959-00018047 the new uh
oFJo6JBbjtc-00087-00018048-00018343 loki show on disney plus definitely been
oFJo6JBbjtc-00088-00018344-00018471 a fun one
oFJo6JBbjtc-00089-00018472-00018679 i've been really really enjoying it so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00090-00018680-00019150 far last episode
oFJo6JBbjtc-00091-00019151-00019479 was was that that is probably the best
oFJo6JBbjtc-00092-00019480-00019735 um part of the entire show in my opinion
oFJo6JBbjtc-00093-00019736-00019871 as of yet
oFJo6JBbjtc-00094-00019872-00020022 community that's always a good one
oFJo6JBbjtc-00095-00020023-00020191 grey's anatomy nice nice
oFJo6JBbjtc-00096-00020192-00020439 boys shit's creek in the chat that's a
oFJo6JBbjtc-00097-00020440-00020630 good one that's a really good one
oFJo6JBbjtc-00098-00020631-00020991 the crown nice the boys flack
oFJo6JBbjtc-00099-00020992-00021294 no tv honestly fair i know for me
oFJo6JBbjtc-00100-00021295-00021455 the heat wave it was difficult because
oFJo6JBbjtc-00101-00021456-00021663 my tv is in the room with the windows
oFJo6JBbjtc-00102-00021664-00021814 that was a rough spot for me
oFJo6JBbjtc-00103-00021815-00022022 um but also i know a lot of people are
oFJo6JBbjtc-00104-00022023-00022214 doing a good reading summer
oFJo6JBbjtc-00105-00022215-00022367 so if you have any book recommendations
oFJo6JBbjtc-00106-00022368-00022535 too i'd love to hear those for uh
oFJo6JBbjtc-00107-00022536-00022694 reading out through this summer
oFJo6JBbjtc-00108-00022695-00022814 yeah there's a lot of good shows right
oFJo6JBbjtc-00109-00022815-00023047 now a couple grey's anatomies which is
oFJo6JBbjtc-00110-00023048-00023471 which is really cool
oFJo6JBbjtc-00111-00023472-00023830 so with that kind of informal side
oFJo6JBbjtc-00112-00023831-00024039 aside i'd love to kind of pass it off to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00113-00024040-00024214 daniel for a bit more of the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00114-00024215-00024383 operations updates i know there's a
oFJo6JBbjtc-00115-00024384-00024519 couple cool things you're going to be
oFJo6JBbjtc-00116-00024520-00024622 talking about today
oFJo6JBbjtc-00117-00024623-00024847 so right off the bat can you kind of
oFJo6JBbjtc-00118-00024848-00024950 tell us a bit about
oFJo6JBbjtc-00119-00024951-00025183 the organizing process for those who
oFJo6JBbjtc-00120-00025184-00025407 might be joining for the first time
oFJo6JBbjtc-00121-00025408-00025711 awesome thanks so much uh david so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00122-00025712-00025894 howdy y'all i'm daniel williams and i'm
oFJo6JBbjtc-00123-00025895-00026143 the managing director for openstax and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00124-00026144-00026351 i'm also one of the organizing partners
oFJo6JBbjtc-00125-00026352-00026414 for the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00126-00026416-00026718 open ed conference this year um so i
oFJo6JBbjtc-00127-00026719-00026814 want to just
oFJo6JBbjtc-00128-00026816-00027007 give everybody for those of you who
oFJo6JBbjtc-00129-00027008-00027167 might be new and joining for the first
oFJo6JBbjtc-00130-00027168-00027302 time a quick overview
oFJo6JBbjtc-00131-00027304-00027623 of how the conference is organized
oFJo6JBbjtc-00132-00027624-00027943 um so we are entering year two of a
oFJo6JBbjtc-00133-00027944-00028087 two-year commitment
oFJo6JBbjtc-00134-00028088-00028367 um to kind of transition the open ed
oFJo6JBbjtc-00135-00028368-00028558 conference from its previous iteration
oFJo6JBbjtc-00136-00028560-00028623 to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00137-00028624-00028927 a community driven community-led
oFJo6JBbjtc-00138-00028927-00029295 version of that that conference so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00139-00029295-00029543 this started two years ago with four
oFJo6JBbjtc-00140-00029544-00029662 partners
oFJo6JBbjtc-00141-00029663-00029958 spark the university system in maryland
oFJo6JBbjtc-00142-00029960-00030007 and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00143-00030008-00030158 the colorado department of higher
oFJo6JBbjtc-00144-00030160-00030351 education in addition to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00145-00030352-00030639 my organization openstax and there's
oFJo6JBbjtc-00146-00030639-00030887 really a dual focus
oFJo6JBbjtc-00147-00030888-00031231 with the this transition period so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00148-00031232-00031502 the first focus is on putting on a
oFJo6JBbjtc-00149-00031503-00031702 really amazing conference we had an
oFJo6JBbjtc-00150-00031703-00032014 awesome one in 2020
oFJo6JBbjtc-00151-00032016-00032223 and i know that 21 is going to be just
oFJo6JBbjtc-00152-00032224-00032358 as amazing
oFJo6JBbjtc-00153-00032360-00032567 and in addition to just putting on a
oFJo6JBbjtc-00154-00032568-00032702 conference we also
oFJo6JBbjtc-00155-00032703-00032895 have undertaken a strategic planning
oFJo6JBbjtc-00156-00032896-00033174 process for how we're actually going to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00157-00033175-00033439 run and transition this conference to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00158-00033440-00033574 being fully
oFJo6JBbjtc-00159-00033575-00033879 community-led so a lot of that work is
oFJo6JBbjtc-00160-00033880-00033999 ongoing
oFJo6JBbjtc-00161-00034000-00034318 and we're excited to see what comes of
oFJo6JBbjtc-00162-00034319-00034351 that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00163-00034352-00034671 and what next year looks like so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00164-00034672-00035007 um we then the other thing that in terms
oFJo6JBbjtc-00165-00035008-00035207 of how we are organizing is we have
oFJo6JBbjtc-00166-00035208-00035502 just tons of amazing support support
oFJo6JBbjtc-00167-00035503-00035559 there are
oFJo6JBbjtc-00168-00035560-00035927 dozens of other people involved uh in
oFJo6JBbjtc-00169-00035928-00036159 the both the steering and all of our
oFJo6JBbjtc-00170-00036160-00036351 other program committees
oFJo6JBbjtc-00171-00036352-00036551 um so thank you all if you were part of
oFJo6JBbjtc-00172-00036552-00036679 that thank you so much
oFJo6JBbjtc-00173-00036680-00036830 if you want to get involved there will
oFJo6JBbjtc-00174-00036831-00037015 be opportunities in the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00175-00037016-00037374 future i believe um but i want to just
oFJo6JBbjtc-00176-00037375-00037527 recognize the steering committee
oFJo6JBbjtc-00177-00037528-00037743 members they meet regularly and help
oFJo6JBbjtc-00178-00037744-00037990 craft the agendas and and make decisions
oFJo6JBbjtc-00179-00037991-00038079 about
oFJo6JBbjtc-00180-00038080-00038279 um what's going to be incorporated into
oFJo6JBbjtc-00181-00038280-00038423 the conference and how we're going to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00182-00038424-00038623 structure it in the future
oFJo6JBbjtc-00183-00038624-00038774 we also have our program committee
oFJo6JBbjtc-00184-00038775-00038943 that's hard at work right now reviewing
oFJo6JBbjtc-00185-00038944-00039151 tons and tons of proposals and setting
oFJo6JBbjtc-00186-00039152-00039190 the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00187-00039191-00039479 theme and agenda for that the dei
oFJo6JBbjtc-00188-00039480-00039639 committee the communications committee
oFJo6JBbjtc-00189-00039640-00039774 it just goes on and on
oFJo6JBbjtc-00190-00039775-00039967 and so thank you all for that if you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00191-00039968-00040143 want to get involved this is meant to be
oFJo6JBbjtc-00192-00040144-00040302 a conference that is run
oFJo6JBbjtc-00193-00040303-00040639 and organized by the community and so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00194-00040640-00040815 in order for that to work the community
oFJo6JBbjtc-00195-00040816-00040951 has to step up and take
oFJo6JBbjtc-00196-00040952-00041183 a leadership role there so if you want
oFJo6JBbjtc-00197-00041184-00041279 to get involved
oFJo6JBbjtc-00198-00041280-00041471 feel free to reach out to probably
oFJo6JBbjtc-00199-00041472-00041662 winnie and hayley on this call
oFJo6JBbjtc-00200-00041663-00042023 and they can help coordinate as well um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00201-00042024-00042239 we'll be putting in the chat a link to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00202-00042240-00042374 all the different planning teams it
oFJo6JBbjtc-00203-00042375-00042439 looks like
oFJo6JBbjtc-00204-00042440-00042743 when he already threw that in um so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00205-00042744-00043102 stay stay tuned to future opportunities
oFJo6JBbjtc-00206-00043103-00043502 so we're getting very close to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00207-00043503-00043846 the conference we are going to be
oFJo6JBbjtc-00208-00043847-00043902 meeting
oFJo6JBbjtc-00209-00043903-00044399 virtually october 18th through the 22nd
oFJo6JBbjtc-00210-00044400-00044646 registration is now open so you can go
oFJo6JBbjtc-00211-00044647-00044943 to openeducationconference.org
oFJo6JBbjtc-00212-00044944-00045295 2021 slash registration
oFJo6JBbjtc-00213-00045296-00045630 and you'll be able to go ahead and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00214-00045631-00045839 register our standard rate for
oFJo6JBbjtc-00215-00045840-00046079 registration is 75 dollars
oFJo6JBbjtc-00216-00046080-00046407 and our student rate is 25 dollars but
oFJo6JBbjtc-00217-00046408-00046727 if if anybody needs scholarships we do
oFJo6JBbjtc-00218-00046728-00046951 have scholarships available
oFJo6JBbjtc-00219-00046952-00047190 so those scholarships we do give
oFJo6JBbjtc-00220-00047191-00047430 priority preference
oFJo6JBbjtc-00221-00047431-00047751 to folks who apply by
oFJo6JBbjtc-00222-00047752-00048062 i believe august or yeah august 13th
oFJo6JBbjtc-00223-00048063-00048390 um rolling acceptances will happen after
oFJo6JBbjtc-00224-00048391-00048711 august 13th until october first
oFJo6JBbjtc-00225-00048712-00048974 so there's an online application um and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00226-00048975-00049143 i think it's the same link that we did
oFJo6JBbjtc-00227-00049144-00049255 well there we go
oFJo6JBbjtc-00228-00049256-00049399 when he already threw it in so there you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00229-00049400-00049671 go it's open educationconference.org
oFJo6JBbjtc-00230-00049672-00049999 2021 scholarships if you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00231-00050000-00050158 are interested in getting a scholarship
oFJo6JBbjtc-00232-00050159-00050327 please go ahead and apply
oFJo6JBbjtc-00233-00050328-00050543 uh and we'll be having starting this
oFJo6JBbjtc-00234-00050544-00050686 about acceptances
oFJo6JBbjtc-00235-00050687-00051111 uh august 13th all right
oFJo6JBbjtc-00236-00051112-00051375 just a few more things so we are in the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00237-00051376-00051479 midst of the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00238-00051479-00051790 proposal review process we
oFJo6JBbjtc-00239-00051791-00052126 are planning to have the first round of
oFJo6JBbjtc-00240-00052127-00052294 reviews done today
oFJo6JBbjtc-00241-00052295-00052479 but what's amazing is just the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00242-00052479-00052663 incredible response from the community
oFJo6JBbjtc-00243-00052664-00052742 we've had over
oFJo6JBbjtc-00244-00052744-00053111 300 proposals already these proposals
oFJo6JBbjtc-00245-00053112-00053230 are going through
oFJo6JBbjtc-00246-00053232-00053503 a two-step review process so the first
oFJo6JBbjtc-00247-00053504-00053630 round of these reviews should be
oFJo6JBbjtc-00248-00053632-00053750 completed today
oFJo6JBbjtc-00249-00053751-00053942 and our hope is to start sending out
oFJo6JBbjtc-00250-00053944-00054142 proposal acceptances
oFJo6JBbjtc-00251-00054144-00054438 by the end of july don't hold us to that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00252-00054439-00054575 there's a lot to do
oFJo6JBbjtc-00253-00054576-00054815 and a lot of volunteers are working on
oFJo6JBbjtc-00254-00054816-00054966 doing that review so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00255-00054967-00055303 um keep tuned to your email uh
oFJo6JBbjtc-00256-00055304-00055535 keep watching us on social media and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00257-00055536-00055679 we'll make sure to let you know once
oFJo6JBbjtc-00258-00055679-00055726 those
oFJo6JBbjtc-00259-00055727-00056007 uh acceptances are released and with
oFJo6JBbjtc-00260-00056008-00056087 that i'm gonna
oFJo6JBbjtc-00261-00056088-00056359 go ahead and hand it over to haley um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00262-00056360-00056494 and i just want to thank you all y'all
oFJo6JBbjtc-00263-00056495-00056607 are like the troopers
oFJo6JBbjtc-00264-00056608-00056766 the ones who come in in the middle of
oFJo6JBbjtc-00265-00056767-00056966 the summer uh
oFJo6JBbjtc-00266-00056967-00057215 when everybody else is on vacation so we
oFJo6JBbjtc-00267-00057216-00057342 know who the real
oFJo6JBbjtc-00268-00057344-00057535 you know the hardcore people are so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00269-00057536-00057694 thank you all so much for joining
oFJo6JBbjtc-00270-00057695-00057999 haley over to you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00271-00058000-00058335 amazing thanks daniel uh and wanna wanna
oFJo6JBbjtc-00272-00058336-00058526 um convey that sentiment as well thanks
oFJo6JBbjtc-00273-00058527-00058694 everyone for being here and for
oFJo6JBbjtc-00274-00058695-00059038 um being engaged um so for those of you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00275-00059039-00059166 who may not have
oFJo6JBbjtc-00276-00059167-00059447 um encountered me before um my name is
oFJo6JBbjtc-00277-00059448-00059582 obviously haley i
oFJo6JBbjtc-00278-00059583-00059863 am an open education project manager um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00279-00059864-00060103 with uh the spark team so i
oFJo6JBbjtc-00280-00060104-00060326 uh along with my uh lovely colleague
oFJo6JBbjtc-00281-00060327-00060406 winnie
oFJo6JBbjtc-00282-00060407-00060671 um work on sort of the operational side
oFJo6JBbjtc-00283-00060672-00060806 of the conference
oFJo6JBbjtc-00284-00060807-00061054 winnie has uh been looking after uh sort
oFJo6JBbjtc-00285-00061055-00061238 of the the operations of the 2021
oFJo6JBbjtc-00286-00061239-00061326 conference
oFJo6JBbjtc-00287-00061327-00061487 um and i've actually been working really
oFJo6JBbjtc-00288-00061488-00061630 closely with the strategic planning
oFJo6JBbjtc-00289-00061632-00061694 committee
oFJo6JBbjtc-00290-00061695-00062015 to think about what things look like for
oFJo6JBbjtc-00291-00062016-00062103 us
oFJo6JBbjtc-00292-00062104-00062430 um after 2021 and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00293-00062432-00062559 what's going to be happening to the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00294-00062560-00062750 conference in the future
oFJo6JBbjtc-00295-00062751-00063111 so um sort of from the top
oFJo6JBbjtc-00296-00063112-00063342 we've been working with a consultant
oFJo6JBbjtc-00297-00063344-00063511 called franklin street studios
oFJo6JBbjtc-00298-00063512-00063750 who are a consultancy based out of
oFJo6JBbjtc-00299-00063751-00063903 denver colorado
oFJo6JBbjtc-00300-00063904-00064111 who have been working with us over the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00301-00064112-00064391 last few months to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00302-00064391-00064711 help build out a strategic vision for
oFJo6JBbjtc-00303-00064712-00064879 the conference
oFJo6JBbjtc-00304-00064879-00065166 which is uh we're sort of in the stages
oFJo6JBbjtc-00305-00065167-00065342 of wrapping up and and we're
oFJo6JBbjtc-00306-00065344-00065671 looking at ways to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00307-00065672-00065823 go about consulting that with the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00308-00065824-00065999 community so i'll talk a little
oFJo6JBbjtc-00309-00066000-00066159 bit a bit more about that in just a
oFJo6JBbjtc-00310-00066160-00066399 second here um but the second piece is
oFJo6JBbjtc-00311-00066400-00066582 we're also going to be um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00312-00066583-00066879 looking at building out some proposed
oFJo6JBbjtc-00313-00066880-00067071 organizational designs
oFJo6JBbjtc-00314-00067072-00067271 um for the conference so that is still
oFJo6JBbjtc-00315-00067272-00067455 in the works um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00316-00067456-00067671 but today we want to chat a little bit
oFJo6JBbjtc-00317-00067672-00067950 more sort of about that strategic vision
oFJo6JBbjtc-00318-00067951-00068182 um and hear some input from all of you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00319-00068183-00068271 so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00320-00068272-00068519 we have a few questions for you today um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00321-00068520-00068679 just sort of answer to the best of your
oFJo6JBbjtc-00322-00068680-00068871 ability some of them are
oFJo6JBbjtc-00323-00068872-00069079 a little bit more in-depth than others
oFJo6JBbjtc-00324-00069080-00069223 um and i know we have a smaller group
oFJo6JBbjtc-00325-00069224-00069294 today so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00326-00069295-00069599 um that's totally fine we'll just uh
oFJo6JBbjtc-00327-00069600-00069903 go through and and hear what you think
oFJo6JBbjtc-00328-00069904-00070263 um yeah i did plug the minty link in
oFJo6JBbjtc-00329-00070264-00070399 there again so you are going to need
oFJo6JBbjtc-00330-00070400-00070894 minty to participate in this section
oFJo6JBbjtc-00331-00070895-00071015 yeah it helps us to have everything
oFJo6JBbjtc-00332-00071016-00071335 recorded um in mentee
oFJo6JBbjtc-00333-00071336-00071655 so um i guess just broadly to kind of
oFJo6JBbjtc-00334-00071656-00071750 open us up
oFJo6JBbjtc-00335-00071751-00071919 um you know as we're looking at the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00336-00071920-00072119 conference we can think of this
oFJo6JBbjtc-00337-00072120-00072343 you know over the next two years five
oFJo6JBbjtc-00338-00072344-00072567 years 10 years what have you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00339-00072568-00072767 um what does a successful future for
oFJo6JBbjtc-00340-00072768-00072943 this conference look like
oFJo6JBbjtc-00341-00072944-00073182 um in your opinion you know what are the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00342-00073183-00073375 what are the key elements that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00343-00073376-00073623 um will be incorporated to have made
oFJo6JBbjtc-00344-00073624-00073743 this transition
oFJo6JBbjtc-00345-00073744-00074119 successful so i'm seeing a couple
oFJo6JBbjtc-00346-00074120-00074287 answers come in already it leads to a
oFJo6JBbjtc-00347-00074288-00074575 new phase in the open ed movement
oFJo6JBbjtc-00348-00074576-00074838 very interesting smooth transition to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00349-00074839-00074926 the new team
oFJo6JBbjtc-00350-00074927-00075087 i totally agree i think that's going to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00351-00075088-00075238 be key
oFJo6JBbjtc-00352-00075239-00075415 making sure that this new body you know
oFJo6JBbjtc-00353-00075416-00075559 has all the tools that they need in
oFJo6JBbjtc-00354-00075560-00075862 order to be successful um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00355-00075863-00075991 alternatives for different sized
oFJo6JBbjtc-00356-00075992-00076191 institutions okay
oFJo6JBbjtc-00357-00076192-00076367 interesting long-term stability
oFJo6JBbjtc-00358-00076368-00076599 sustainability
oFJo6JBbjtc-00359-00076600-00076806 um continuing the community driven
oFJo6JBbjtc-00360-00076807-00076999 elements i really think that's
oFJo6JBbjtc-00361-00077000-00077167 absolutely key and it's something that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00362-00077168-00077350 we've really been focusing on
oFJo6JBbjtc-00363-00077351-00077535 um building out some of our mission and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00364-00077536-00077767 vision goals
oFJo6JBbjtc-00365-00077768-00078062 learners participating fully growth in
oFJo6JBbjtc-00366-00078063-00078150 the community
oFJo6JBbjtc-00367-00078151-00078359 ongoing programming through the year
oFJo6JBbjtc-00368-00078360-00078526 broader international engagement
oFJo6JBbjtc-00369-00078527-00078871 a hundred percent another uh
oFJo6JBbjtc-00370-00078872-00079206 another um vote for international
oFJo6JBbjtc-00371-00079207-00079391 virtual and smaller in-person regional
oFJo6JBbjtc-00372-00079392-00079535 conferences yeah this will be the thing
oFJo6JBbjtc-00373-00079536-00079559 is
oFJo6JBbjtc-00374-00079560-00079703 um you know as we move out of the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00375-00079704-00079950 pandemic as well um we've gotten into a
oFJo6JBbjtc-00376-00079951-00080031 really good groove
oFJo6JBbjtc-00377-00080032-00080303 for this virtual conference but um you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00378-00080304-00080447 know how can we expand
oFJo6JBbjtc-00379-00080448-00080655 past that if that's what the community
oFJo6JBbjtc-00380-00080656-00081038 is interested in
oFJo6JBbjtc-00381-00081039-00081199 these are all really fantastic thank you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00382-00081200-00081799 so much
oFJo6JBbjtc-00383-00081800-00081943 great yeah we could probably move on to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00384-00081944-00082350 the next one if there's no more
oFJo6JBbjtc-00385-00082351-00082518 i saw one really quickly for more new
oFJo6JBbjtc-00386-00082519-00082750 attendees and i i totally agree
oFJo6JBbjtc-00387-00082751-00082887 the one beautiful thing about the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00388-00082888-00083062 virtual conference has been
oFJo6JBbjtc-00389-00083063-00083215 the ability to bring in more folks who
oFJo6JBbjtc-00390-00083216-00083391 may not have been otherwise able to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00391-00083392-00083462 attend so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00392-00083463-00083799 i hope we can continue to build on that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00393-00083800-00084215 um next question is um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00394-00084216-00084382 building off of the last question so if
oFJo6JBbjtc-00395-00084383-00084550 we were to think about this
oFJo6JBbjtc-00396-00084551-00084806 new vision for the conference again
oFJo6JBbjtc-00397-00084807-00084943 whether it's two year vision
oFJo6JBbjtc-00398-00084944-00085231 five-year tenure whatever and you can
oFJo6JBbjtc-00399-00085232-00085535 encapsulate that into a statement
oFJo6JBbjtc-00400-00085536-00085679 you don't have to draft the statement
oFJo6JBbjtc-00401-00085680-00085862 right now but what are some key elements
oFJo6JBbjtc-00402-00085863-00086047 that that vision statement
oFJo6JBbjtc-00403-00086048-00086415 um might include um whether that be key
oFJo6JBbjtc-00404-00086416-00086759 words sentiments um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00405-00086760-00086935 as you sort of like you know if you took
oFJo6JBbjtc-00406-00086936-00087062 a minute to sort of close your eyes and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00407-00087063-00087303 imagine what this conference would be
oFJo6JBbjtc-00408-00087304-00087526 um what are some key things that stick
oFJo6JBbjtc-00409-00087527-00087823 out for you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00410-00087824-00088031 okay so i see acknowledging the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00411-00088032-00088262 diversity of perspectives in open ed
oFJo6JBbjtc-00412-00088263-00088599 a hundred percent uh continuous
oFJo6JBbjtc-00413-00088600-00088791 commitment to equity
oFJo6JBbjtc-00414-00088792-00089055 goals to leverage the knowledge gained
oFJo6JBbjtc-00415-00089056-00089231 from the conference into broader social
oFJo6JBbjtc-00416-00089232-00089294 change
oFJo6JBbjtc-00417-00089295-00089503 absolutely so sort of like you know
oFJo6JBbjtc-00418-00089504-00089679 harnessing the power of all these
oFJo6JBbjtc-00419-00089680-00089799 you know different perspectives
oFJo6JBbjtc-00420-00089800-00090094 commitment to equity
oFJo6JBbjtc-00421-00090095-00090575 amazing
oFJo6JBbjtc-00422-00090576-00090862 so thrilled to see that oh the link to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00423-00090863-00091479 you the unesco goals
oFJo6JBbjtc-00424-00091480-00091687 um so some questions why is open
oFJo6JBbjtc-00425-00091688-00091911 education important what does it do
oFJo6JBbjtc-00426-00091912-00092094 what do we want it to do and then we can
oFJo6JBbjtc-00427-00092095-00092482 talk about what we actually do
oFJo6JBbjtc-00428-00092483-00092671 totally
oFJo6JBbjtc-00429-00092672-00092903 yeah i 100 agree and those are really
oFJo6JBbjtc-00430-00092904-00093071 tough questions to pin down
oFJo6JBbjtc-00431-00093072-00093335 um and to sort of come to common ground
oFJo6JBbjtc-00432-00093336-00093462 as a community but they're i think
oFJo6JBbjtc-00433-00093463-00093615 they're incredibly important discussions
oFJo6JBbjtc-00434-00093616-00093718 to have
oFJo6JBbjtc-00435-00093719-00093935 simple language yes making sure that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00436-00093936-00094126 it's accessible
oFJo6JBbjtc-00437-00094127-00094718 to everyone who wants to take part
oFJo6JBbjtc-00438-00094719-00095094 great this is very helpful thank you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00439-00095095-00095282 see some more support for diversity and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00440-00095283-00095950 accessibility amazing
oFJo6JBbjtc-00441-00095951-00096359 and again that international element
oFJo6JBbjtc-00442-00096360-00096582 awesome well thanks everyone you can
oFJo6JBbjtc-00443-00096583-00096671 keep um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00444-00096672-00096926 as things come to you i think you can
oFJo6JBbjtc-00445-00096927-00097055 continue to submit
oFJo6JBbjtc-00446-00097056-00097318 um when you correct me if i'm wrong but
oFJo6JBbjtc-00447-00097319-00097479 um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00448-00097480-00097911 we can we can keep moving along for
oFJo6JBbjtc-00449-00097912-00098255 the sake of progress
oFJo6JBbjtc-00450-00098256-00098638 um amazing so yeah um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00451-00098639-00098823 thank you so much for you know taking
oFJo6JBbjtc-00452-00098824-00098974 some time to think about that a little
oFJo6JBbjtc-00453-00098975-00099079 bit more
oFJo6JBbjtc-00454-00099080-00099350 um the next step for the strategic
oFJo6JBbjtc-00455-00099351-00099447 planning committee
oFJo6JBbjtc-00456-00099448-00099567 you know we're going to take a little
oFJo6JBbjtc-00457-00099568-00099711 bit more time to really
oFJo6JBbjtc-00458-00099712-00099847 [Music]
oFJo6JBbjtc-00459-00099848-00100111 polish up the draft that we have but as
oFJo6JBbjtc-00460-00100112-00100326 we become ready to share that with the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00461-00100327-00100494 community
oFJo6JBbjtc-00462-00100495-00100887 and seek input we're curious to know
oFJo6JBbjtc-00463-00100888-00101103 how all of you would like to be
oFJo6JBbjtc-00464-00101104-00101238 consulted so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00465-00101239-00101479 some things that we've talked about
oFJo6JBbjtc-00466-00101480-00101567 include
oFJo6JBbjtc-00467-00101568-00101831 uh you know hosting whether that be like
oFJo6JBbjtc-00468-00101832-00102038 a workshop or a drop-in session
oFJo6JBbjtc-00469-00102039-00102247 or you know some sort of opportunity for
oFJo6JBbjtc-00470-00102248-00102350 you to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00471-00102351-00102606 you know attend the meeting and give
oFJo6JBbjtc-00472-00102607-00102718 your feedback
oFJo6JBbjtc-00473-00102719-00103039 verbally um or you know another option
oFJo6JBbjtc-00474-00103040-00103223 for us is finding a way to just sort of
oFJo6JBbjtc-00475-00103224-00103278 release
oFJo6JBbjtc-00476-00103279-00103599 the the draft and text form and give
oFJo6JBbjtc-00477-00103600-00103775 folks an opportunity to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00478-00103776-00103894 you know just supply their edits
oFJo6JBbjtc-00479-00103895-00104110 directly onto the text so this is more
oFJo6JBbjtc-00480-00104111-00104239 of a technical
oFJo6JBbjtc-00481-00104240-00104502 question but um just curious you know if
oFJo6JBbjtc-00482-00104503-00104566 those
oFJo6JBbjtc-00483-00104567-00104839 ideas resonate with you um or if you've
oFJo6JBbjtc-00484-00104840-00104999 got a totally different idea that you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00485-00105000-00105110 think we should utilize
oFJo6JBbjtc-00486-00105111-00105502 that would be of use to the community
oFJo6JBbjtc-00487-00105503-00105775 um because you know if we're going to do
oFJo6JBbjtc-00488-00105776-00105895 the consultation we want to make sure
oFJo6JBbjtc-00489-00105896-00106015 that we do it right and we want to make
oFJo6JBbjtc-00490-00106016-00106151 sure that we're including you know all
oFJo6JBbjtc-00491-00106152-00106295 the rights
oFJo6JBbjtc-00492-00106296-00106486 or all the voices i shouldn't even say
oFJo6JBbjtc-00493-00106488-00106623 um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00494-00106624-00106807 so smaller ideation workshops i think
oFJo6JBbjtc-00495-00106808-00106934 looks great
oFJo6JBbjtc-00496-00106935-00107271 um surveys focus groups
oFJo6JBbjtc-00497-00107272-00107590 yeah community calls i think will be um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00498-00107591-00107671 community calls are a little bit
oFJo6JBbjtc-00499-00107672-00107831 trickier because as i think as we move
oFJo6JBbjtc-00500-00107832-00107951 closer to the conference we will
oFJo6JBbjtc-00501-00107952-00108095 continue to get
oFJo6JBbjtc-00502-00108096-00108254 some larger participation hopefully
oFJo6JBbjtc-00503-00108255-00108423 maybe that's wishful thinking
oFJo6JBbjtc-00504-00108424-00108654 um but so i think having a combination
oFJo6JBbjtc-00505-00108655-00108790 of all those things i think is what's
oFJo6JBbjtc-00506-00108791-00108927 going to make us successful but we'll
oFJo6JBbjtc-00507-00108928-00109039 definitely
oFJo6JBbjtc-00508-00109040-00109423 include that virtual sessions small
oFJo6JBbjtc-00509-00109424-00109695 group sessions
oFJo6JBbjtc-00510-00109696-00109943 uh asynchronous involvement yeah i think
oFJo6JBbjtc-00511-00109944-00110039 that's that's key
oFJo6JBbjtc-00512-00110040-00110799 having an option for asynchronous
oFJo6JBbjtc-00513-00110800-00111534 amazing thanks everyone
oFJo6JBbjtc-00514-00111535-00111839 um yeah so we're we're uh
oFJo6JBbjtc-00515-00111840-00111983 again like i said the committee's just
oFJo6JBbjtc-00516-00111983-00112151 um starting to explore what this will
oFJo6JBbjtc-00517-00112152-00112319 look like so keep an eye out and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00518-00112320-00112558 of course when it's time uh when we're
oFJo6JBbjtc-00519-00112559-00112758 ready to begin consultation on that um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00520-00112759-00112902 we'll utilize sort of all of our
oFJo6JBbjtc-00521-00112903-00113023 channels to get that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00522-00113024-00113278 information out so i know at the end um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00523-00113279-00113415 we've got a little bit of a plug for
oFJo6JBbjtc-00524-00113416-00113686 our social media channels and of course
oFJo6JBbjtc-00525-00113688-00113839 our email list
oFJo6JBbjtc-00526-00113840-00113990 so encourage you to be subscribed to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00527-00113991-00114215 those if you're interested
oFJo6JBbjtc-00528-00114216-00114495 in taking part in this and hearing about
oFJo6JBbjtc-00529-00114496-00115023 those opportunities
oFJo6JBbjtc-00530-00115024-00115254 oh great so i led right into my next
oFJo6JBbjtc-00531-00115255-00115375 question um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00532-00115376-00115678 so uh i guess lastly
oFJo6JBbjtc-00533-00115679-00116031 um as sort of a general question
oFJo6JBbjtc-00534-00116032-00116390 we're curious to know um are there
oFJo6JBbjtc-00535-00116391-00116463 channels
oFJo6JBbjtc-00536-00116464-00116766 of communication that we have
oFJo6JBbjtc-00537-00116767-00117095 left um untapped i guess so to speak so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00538-00117096-00117190 we've
oFJo6JBbjtc-00539-00117191-00117358 uh i know the open ed community is like
oFJo6JBbjtc-00540-00117359-00117502 very active on twitter
oFJo6JBbjtc-00541-00117503-00117686 um we've been utilizing our mail list
oFJo6JBbjtc-00542-00117688-00117902 and trying to encourage folks to sign up
oFJo6JBbjtc-00543-00117903-00118102 that way um we have our other social
oFJo6JBbjtc-00544-00118103-00118247 media to um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00545-00118248-00118583 open at tik tok i love it um uh
oFJo6JBbjtc-00546-00118583-00118758 social media channels but we're
oFJo6JBbjtc-00547-00118759-00118902 wondering if there are other
oFJo6JBbjtc-00548-00118903-00119047 ways whether it be like specific
oFJo6JBbjtc-00549-00119048-00119271 listservs or um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00550-00119272-00119454 just other channels that we're not fully
oFJo6JBbjtc-00551-00119455-00119639 utilizing that could help us
oFJo6JBbjtc-00552-00119640-00119975 um make anyone who wants to be involved
oFJo6JBbjtc-00553-00119976-00120183 in this process feel welcome
oFJo6JBbjtc-00554-00120183-00120527 um so i'm seeing another bit of support
oFJo6JBbjtc-00555-00120528-00120663 for tick tock
oFJo6JBbjtc-00556-00120664-00121054 non-zoom video conferencing okay
oFJo6JBbjtc-00557-00121055-00121366 i like that um different organizations
oFJo6JBbjtc-00558-00121367-00121543 newsletters if you have um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00559-00121544-00121790 like if there are specific examples um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00560-00121791-00121927 we'd love to hear them
oFJo6JBbjtc-00561-00121928-00122239 but i think this is this is fantastic um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00562-00122240-00122399 seeing some support for discord yeah we
oFJo6JBbjtc-00563-00122400-00122575 used discord for the conference
oFJo6JBbjtc-00564-00122576-00122854 um last year and that was um people
oFJo6JBbjtc-00565-00122855-00123283 really responded so positively
oFJo6JBbjtc-00566-00123283-00123566 um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00567-00123567-00123871 awesome
oFJo6JBbjtc-00568-00123872-00123999 looks like we're gonna need to bring on
oFJo6JBbjtc-00569-00124000-00124175 a oh sorry go ahead
oFJo6JBbjtc-00570-00124176-00124327 i was just about to say that's so much
oFJo6JBbjtc-00571-00124328-00124551 tick tock um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00572-00124552-00124766 it's great it's wonderful i guess we're
oFJo6JBbjtc-00573-00124767-00124966 gonna have to start learning some dances
oFJo6JBbjtc-00574-00124967-00125071 that's what i was about to say we're
oFJo6JBbjtc-00575-00125072-00125254 gonna have to bring on like a tick tock
oFJo6JBbjtc-00576-00125255-00125878 expert
oFJo6JBbjtc-00577-00125879-00126039 thinking about it though like it
oFJo6JBbjtc-00578-00126040-00126214 honestly kind of makes a bit of sense
oFJo6JBbjtc-00579-00126215-00126310 because like it's
oFJo6JBbjtc-00580-00126311-00126607 there's a lot of opportunity to like
oFJo6JBbjtc-00581-00126608-00126886 remix and reuse existing stuff
oFJo6JBbjtc-00582-00126888-00127134 like there's there's a weird overlap
oFJo6JBbjtc-00583-00127135-00127334 with the concepts of open ed through
oFJo6JBbjtc-00584-00127335-00127423 tick tock
oFJo6JBbjtc-00585-00127424-00127642 for like oddly enough
oFJo6JBbjtc-00586-00127643-00127975 [Music]
oFJo6JBbjtc-00587-00127976-00128302 very interesting i like that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00588-00128303-00128590 yeah it's a great driver of um traffic
oFJo6JBbjtc-00589-00128591-00128671 that's for sure
oFJo6JBbjtc-00590-00128672-00128999 so i mean um anything to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00591-00129000-00129263 to bring more of our people in um also
oFJo6JBbjtc-00592-00129264-00129407 seeing github
oFJo6JBbjtc-00593-00129408-00129671 and guest blog posts oh very interesting
oFJo6JBbjtc-00594-00129672-00129766 idea for the
oFJo6JBbjtc-00595-00129767-00130151 um committee yeah we actually do
oFJo6JBbjtc-00596-00130152-00130390 guest blog posts during the conference
oFJo6JBbjtc-00597-00130391-00130566 but it's something to consider
oFJo6JBbjtc-00598-00130567-00131302 before as well
oFJo6JBbjtc-00599-00131303-00131711 awesome great well thanks everyone
oFJo6JBbjtc-00600-00131712-00131927 um well keep all these in mind and again
oFJo6JBbjtc-00601-00131928-00132054 if if you
oFJo6JBbjtc-00602-00132055-00132343 um something comes to you later today
oFJo6JBbjtc-00603-00132344-00132495 and you've got you know some more ideas
oFJo6JBbjtc-00604-00132496-00132599 for any of these
oFJo6JBbjtc-00605-00132600-00132783 um feel free to update them in the sheet
oFJo6JBbjtc-00606-00132784-00132959 or you know reach out to us anytime
oFJo6JBbjtc-00607-00132960-00133175 carry your pigeons yes
oFJo6JBbjtc-00608-00133176-00133783 we are in i love that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00609-00133784-00134087 um great okay yeah i think that's
oFJo6JBbjtc-00610-00134088-00134390 all for my the discussion questions
oFJo6JBbjtc-00611-00134391-00134671 um really appreciate everyone um taking
oFJo6JBbjtc-00612-00134672-00134839 some time to think about that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00613-00134840-00134999 um and like i said we'll have more
oFJo6JBbjtc-00614-00135000-00135190 details soon about
oFJo6JBbjtc-00615-00135191-00135399 uh the strat planning process in general
oFJo6JBbjtc-00616-00135400-00135559 and and ways to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00617-00135560-00135863 um be involved in that consultation so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00618-00135864-00136023 so keep an eye out
oFJo6JBbjtc-00619-00136024-00136359 um more to come soon
oFJo6JBbjtc-00620-00136360-00136631 great and i think at this point i could
oFJo6JBbjtc-00621-00136632-00136719 probably
oFJo6JBbjtc-00622-00136720-00136927 hand it to i think it's tiffany to close
oFJo6JBbjtc-00623-00136928-00137199 us out
oFJo6JBbjtc-00624-00137200-00137423 yeah so i just want to remind everyone
oFJo6JBbjtc-00625-00137424-00137511 to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00626-00137512-00137702 make sure that if you're not already
oFJo6JBbjtc-00627-00137703-00137847 please follow us
oFJo6JBbjtc-00628-00137848-00138111 at hey open edge for twitter facebook
oFJo6JBbjtc-00629-00138112-00138263 and instagram
oFJo6JBbjtc-00630-00138264-00138535 um so we've included the urls for that
oFJo6JBbjtc-00631-00138536-00138590 here
oFJo6JBbjtc-00632-00138591-00138902 um you can also go to each of those
oFJo6JBbjtc-00633-00138903-00139127 uh social media sites and just type in
oFJo6JBbjtc-00634-00139128-00139287 at hayopened
oFJo6JBbjtc-00635-00139288-00139559 and you'll find us and then our official
oFJo6JBbjtc-00636-00139560-00139743 hashtag for the conference this year
oFJo6JBbjtc-00637-00139744-00140239 is hashtag opened21 um we don't have a
oFJo6JBbjtc-00638-00140240-00140471 tick tock account yet
oFJo6JBbjtc-00639-00140472-00140783 we'll have to uh explore that i
oFJo6JBbjtc-00640-00140784-00140927 i don't even have a personal tic talk
oFJo6JBbjtc-00641-00140928-00141135 account yet so
oFJo6JBbjtc-00642-00141136-00141423 um although my siblings my sisters do
oFJo6JBbjtc-00643-00141424-00141639 like to send me things on twit
oFJo6JBbjtc-00644-00141640-00141959 from tick tock so maybe i need to
oFJo6JBbjtc-00645-00141960-00142423 get with the program i don't know um
oFJo6JBbjtc-00646-00142424-00142599 so uh do you want to move the slide
oFJo6JBbjtc-00647-00142600-00142966 forward
oFJo6JBbjtc-00648-00142967-00143223 and our next meeting is going to be on
oFJo6JBbjtc-00649-00143224-00143375 august 13th
oFJo6JBbjtc-00650-00143376-00143719 same time as always one o'clock to 2 p.m
oFJo6JBbjtc-00651-00143720-00144126 eastern or 1700 to 1800
oFJo6JBbjtc-00652-00144127-00144478 utc um and there is a link in the chat
oFJo6JBbjtc-00653-00144479-00144831 for the august meeting thanks everyone
oFJo6JBbjtc-00654-00144832-00145095 for joining us
oFJo6JBbjtc-00655-00145096-00145390 thank you everyone for joining and
oFJo6JBbjtc-00656-00145391-00145671 providing feedback
oFJo6JBbjtc-00657-00145672-00146190 thank you all for coming out today
oFJo6JBbjtc-00658-00146191-00147278 thanks everyone
oFJo6JBbjtc-00659-00147279-00147488 you
oGJo94RusD4-00000-00000000-00000638 [Music]
oGJo94RusD4-00001-00000639-00000807 hey there secta-goers
oGJo94RusD4-00002-00000808-00001039 have you ever met a narcissist what if
oGJo94RusD4-00003-00001040-00001119 you have
oGJo94RusD4-00004-00001120-00001391 and you just don't know it after all
oGJo94RusD4-00005-00001392-00001478 narcissists
oGJo94RusD4-00006-00001479-00001655 are masters of deception and emotional
oGJo94RusD4-00007-00001655-00001918 manipulation while only one percent of
oGJo94RusD4-00008-00001919-00002063 the global population is
oGJo94RusD4-00009-00002064-00002247 actually diagnosed with narcissistic
oGJo94RusD4-00010-00002248-00002423 personality disorder
oGJo94RusD4-00011-00002424-00002631 it's a lot more common for people to
oGJo94RusD4-00012-00002632-00002807 display narcissistic traits
oGJo94RusD4-00013-00002808-00003071 and tendencies are you worried one of
oGJo94RusD4-00014-00003072-00003134 your friends
oGJo94RusD4-00015-00003135-00003375 might be a narcissist here are seven
oGJo94RusD4-00016-00003376-00003470 warning signs
oGJo94RusD4-00017-00003471-00003783 you need to look out for one
oGJo94RusD4-00018-00003784-00003967 they have a grandiose sense of
oGJo94RusD4-00019-00003968-00004111 self-importance
oGJo94RusD4-00020-00004112-00004319 does your friend talk about how great or
oGJo94RusD4-00021-00004320-00004431 special they are
oGJo94RusD4-00022-00004432-00004727 all the time do they go on and on about
oGJo94RusD4-00023-00004728-00004815 their status
oGJo94RusD4-00024-00004816-00005006 their success their beauty or their
oGJo94RusD4-00025-00005007-00005238 popularity and about how lucky you
oGJo94RusD4-00026-00005239-00005470 should feel to be friends with them
oGJo94RusD4-00027-00005471-00005775 arrogant vain and self-obsessed
oGJo94RusD4-00028-00005776-00005959 narcissists are known for having an
oGJo94RusD4-00029-00005960-00006127 unrealistically high opinion of
oGJo94RusD4-00030-00006128-00006231 themselves
oGJo94RusD4-00031-00006232-00006414 and they'll often exaggerate or even
oGJo94RusD4-00032-00006415-00006575 outright lie about their own
oGJo94RusD4-00033-00006576-00006663 accomplishments
oGJo94RusD4-00034-00006664-00006998 just to make themselves look better two
oGJo94RusD4-00035-00007000-00007287 they have a distorted world view has a
oGJo94RusD4-00036-00007288-00007359 friend ever
oGJo94RusD4-00037-00007359-00007639 done something poorly and said it's
oGJo94RusD4-00038-00007640-00007798 because i haven't been practicing but if
oGJo94RusD4-00039-00007800-00007870 i did
oGJo94RusD4-00040-00007872-00008055 i just know i'd be so much better than
oGJo94RusD4-00041-00008056-00008183 all of you
oGJo94RusD4-00042-00008184-00008487 narcissists often rely on self-deception
oGJo94RusD4-00043-00008488-00008663 excessive defensiveness and making
oGJo94RusD4-00044-00008664-00008807 excuses for themselves to keep their
oGJo94RusD4-00045-00008808-00009063 distorted view of the world intact
oGJo94RusD4-00046-00009064-00009223 they're in denial of their own flaws and
oGJo94RusD4-00047-00009224-00009455 weaknesses and act out against anyone
oGJo94RusD4-00048-00009456-00009742 who questions their superiority
oGJo94RusD4-00049-00009743-00010006 three they need constant praise and
oGJo94RusD4-00050-00010007-00010167 admiration
oGJo94RusD4-00051-00010168-00010414 narcissists always want to be the center
oGJo94RusD4-00052-00010415-00010527 of attention
oGJo94RusD4-00053-00010528-00010719 and when they're not you can always
oGJo94RusD4-00054-00010720-00010910 trust them to steal back the spotlight
oGJo94RusD4-00055-00010911-00011110 somehow they're not interested in
oGJo94RusD4-00056-00011111-00011283 anything that doesn't have to do with
oGJo94RusD4-00057-00011284-00011574 them they want you to constantly shower
oGJo94RusD4-00058-00011575-00011783 them with adoring compliments to keep
oGJo94RusD4-00059-00011784-00011974 their ego inflated
oGJo94RusD4-00060-00011975-00012174 this is why so many narcissists
oGJo94RusD4-00061-00012175-00012287 gravitate towards
oGJo94RusD4-00062-00012288-00012559 generous kind-hearted people they have a
oGJo94RusD4-00063-00012560-00012742 way of using your own good nature
oGJo94RusD4-00064-00012743-00013143 against you 4. they have a strong sense
oGJo94RusD4-00065-00013144-00013415 of entitlement does your friend cut the
oGJo94RusD4-00066-00013416-00013486 line
oGJo94RusD4-00067-00013487-00013686 doesn't wait for their turn or takes
oGJo94RusD4-00068-00013687-00013838 things without asking
oGJo94RusD4-00069-00013840-00014079 that's definitely a red flag they
oGJo94RusD4-00070-00014080-00014199 believe that they're better than
oGJo94RusD4-00071-00014200-00014375 everyone else and that they deserve to
oGJo94RusD4-00072-00014376-00014607 get whatever they want because of it
oGJo94RusD4-00073-00014608-00014903 they're selfish spoiled and incredibly
oGJo94RusD4-00074-00014904-00015007 demanding
oGJo94RusD4-00075-00015008-00015199 they expect the people around them to
oGJo94RusD4-00076-00015200-00015319 just do what they say
oGJo94RusD4-00077-00015319-00015543 and meet their every need or else
oGJo94RusD4-00078-00015544-00015838 they'll lash out and throw a tantrum
oGJo94RusD4-00079-00015840-00016143 five they have a superiority complex is
oGJo94RusD4-00080-00016144-00016319 your friend obsessed with status
oGJo94RusD4-00081-00016319-00016527 and nothing short of the absolute best
oGJo94RusD4-00082-00016528-00016750 will ever be good enough for them
oGJo94RusD4-00083-00016751-00016886 because they believe that they're
oGJo94RusD4-00084-00016887-00017111 extraordinary and one of a kind
oGJo94RusD4-00085-00017112-00017294 they only want to associate with other
oGJo94RusD4-00086-00017295-00017422 high status people
oGJo94RusD4-00087-00017423-00017694 and institutions they judge people
oGJo94RusD4-00088-00017695-00017822 according to their wealth
oGJo94RusD4-00089-00017823-00018086 status attractiveness and popularity and
oGJo94RusD4-00090-00018087-00018255 surround themselves only with those
oGJo94RusD4-00091-00018256-00018599 they see as their equals 6.
oGJo94RusD4-00092-00018600-00018903 they lack empathy and remorse
oGJo94RusD4-00093-00018904-00019039 do you have a friend who doesn't care
oGJo94RusD4-00094-00019040-00019350 about your opinions or your feelings
oGJo94RusD4-00095-00019351-00019511 because narcissists think about
oGJo94RusD4-00096-00019512-00019775 themselves and only themselves
oGJo94RusD4-00097-00019776-00019950 they lack the ability to feel empathy
oGJo94RusD4-00098-00019951-00020143 for others or remorse about their own
oGJo94RusD4-00099-00020144-00020286 wrongdoings
oGJo94RusD4-00100-00020287-00020511 they believe everyone around them is
oGJo94RusD4-00101-00020512-00020711 there only to serve them and fulfill
oGJo94RusD4-00102-00020712-00020814 their needs
oGJo94RusD4-00103-00020815-00020999 so they have no problem exploiting
oGJo94RusD4-00104-00021000-00021230 people for their own personal gain
oGJo94RusD4-00105-00021231-00021439 they never apologize they never feel
oGJo94RusD4-00106-00021440-00021686 guilty and they never stop to consider
oGJo94RusD4-00107-00021687-00021975 the consequences of their actions
oGJo94RusD4-00108-00021976-00022278 and seven they bully belittle or
oGJo94RusD4-00109-00022279-00022367 mistreat
oGJo94RusD4-00110-00022368-00022591 others does your friend always have a
oGJo94RusD4-00111-00022592-00022775 backhanded compliment ready for you
oGJo94RusD4-00112-00022776-00022943 every time you share your good news with
oGJo94RusD4-00113-00022944-00023014 them
oGJo94RusD4-00114-00023015-00023191 do they have a habit of criticizing you
oGJo94RusD4-00115-00023192-00023342 and pointing out all your flaws the
oGJo94RusD4-00116-00023343-00023471 moment someone else pays you a
oGJo94RusD4-00117-00023472-00023607 compliment
oGJo94RusD4-00118-00023608-00023807 that's because narcissists don't like to
oGJo94RusD4-00119-00023808-00023942 share the spotlight
oGJo94RusD4-00120-00023943-00024127 they feel threatened by the success
oGJo94RusD4-00121-00024128-00024286 confidence and popularity of other
oGJo94RusD4-00122-00024287-00024367 people
oGJo94RusD4-00123-00024368-00024527 they undermine your accomplishments
oGJo94RusD4-00124-00024528-00024742 belittle your success and intimidate you
oGJo94RusD4-00125-00024743-00024863 into feeling inferior
oGJo94RusD4-00126-00024864-00025127 to keep you online did anyone in
oGJo94RusD4-00127-00025128-00025327 particular come to mind
oGJo94RusD4-00128-00025328-00025527 what was your experience with them like
oGJo94RusD4-00129-00025528-00025734 let us know in the comments below
oGJo94RusD4-00130-00025735-00025902 if you have a narcissist in your life
oGJo94RusD4-00131-00025904-00026070 it's important that you see them for who
oGJo94RusD4-00132-00026072-00026214 they really are
oGJo94RusD4-00133-00026216-00026390 don't sacrifice your mental health by
oGJo94RusD4-00134-00026391-00026511 putting up with them in their
oGJo94RusD4-00135-00026512-00026646 maltreatment
oGJo94RusD4-00136-00026647-00026862 also if you found this video helpful
oGJo94RusD4-00137-00026863-00026951 remember to like
oGJo94RusD4-00138-00026952-00027079 and share this video with those you
oGJo94RusD4-00139-00027080-00027287 think might benefit from it subscribe to
oGJo94RusD4-00140-00027288-00027431 site to go for more content
oGJo94RusD4-00141-00027432-00027599 and thanks for watching we'll see you in
oGJo94RusD4-00142-00027600-00027952 the next video
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00000-00000024-00000781 foreign
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00001-00000782-00001012 and I'm a resident of the city of
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00002-00001013-00001158 Adelaide
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00003-00001159-00001450 I've been living here for eight years
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00004-00001451-00001667 predominantly in the Southeast corner of
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00005-00001668-00001859 the city
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00006-00001860-00002242 I love that I'm close to everything and
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00007-00002243-00002513 it's only a 10 to 15 minute walk so I
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00008-00002514-00002795 can get my steps in I love that I'm in
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00009-00002796-00002987 the hustle and bustle so there's that
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00010-00002988-00003293 great energy and Vibe going on but
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00011-00003294-00003503 you're also surrounded by all these
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00012-00003504-00003754 beautiful park lands which help you
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00013-00003755-00003995 escape that and get into nature
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00014-00003996-00004325 when covert hit it was quite difficult
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00015-00004326-00004453 to see
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00016-00004454-00004775 especially because there was lots of my
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00017-00004776-00005201 favorite businesses and just local bars
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00018-00005202-00005531 and cafes shut my friends were affected
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00019-00005532-00005699 by that because lots of them are in that
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00020-00005700-00005999 industry too and I really miss the
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00021-00006000-00006220 vibrancy of the city because it just
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00022-00006221-00006628 felt like it was lost overnight
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00023-00006629-00007037 now that covert has ease the city has
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00024-00007038-00007241 returned almost to its normalcy and
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00025-00007242-00007433 that's really great to see people are
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00026-00007434-00007781 coming back in for work uni and like to
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00027-00007781-00008128 shop and socialize my friends and I took
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00028-00008129-00008363 advantage of some dining vouchers that
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00029-00008364-00008537 were released and it was a great way to
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00030-00008538-00008777 discover new places and it also
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00031-00008778-00008992 supported small businesses
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00032-00008993-00009274 it's really valuable because these small
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00033-00009275-00009545 businesses is what makes a city
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00034-00009546-00009827 beautiful and have its charms and it's a
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00035-00009828-00010050 way to bring people back into the city
oHDN-Pj4V3y-00036-00010051-00010978 [Music]
oIOKpxgHiaM-00000-00000050-00000361 soybean oil as a vegetable oil extracted
oIOKpxgHiaM-00001-00000362-00000542 from the seeds of the soybean glycine
oIOKpxgHiaM-00002-00000543-00000703 max it is one of the most widely
oIOKpxgHiaM-00003-00000704-00001012 consumed cooking oils as a drying oil
oIOKpxgHiaM-00004-00001013-00001274 processed soybean oil is also used as a
oIOKpxgHiaM-00005-00001275-00001493 base for printing inks soy ink and oil
oIOKpxgHiaM-00006-00001494-00002060 paints
oIOKpxgHiaM-00007-00002061-00002412 topic history
oIOKpxgHiaM-00008-00002413-00002567 you
oIOKpxgHiaM-00009-00002568-00002861 Chinese records dating prior to 2000 BC
oIOKpxgHiaM-00010-00002862-00003116 mentioned use of cultivated soybeans to
oIOKpxgHiaM-00011-00003117-00003415 produce edible soil ancient Chinese
oIOKpxgHiaM-00012-00003417-00003614 literature reveals that soybeans were
oIOKpxgHiaM-00013-00003615-00003847 extensively cultivated and highly valued
oIOKpxgHiaM-00014-00003848-00004028 as a use for the soybean oil production
oIOKpxgHiaM-00015-00004029-00004770 process before written records were kept
oIOKpxgHiaM-00016-00004771-00005281 topic production
oIOKpxgHiaM-00017-00005282-00005548 to produce soybean oil the soybeans are
oIOKpxgHiaM-00018-00005549-00005747 cracked adjusted for moisture content
oIOKpxgHiaM-00019-00005748-00005986 heated to between 60 and 88 degrees
oIOKpxgHiaM-00020-00005987-00006068 Celsius
oIOKpxgHiaM-00021-00006069-00006395 140 to 190 degrees Fahrenheit rolled
oIOKpxgHiaM-00022-00006396-00006605 into flakes and solvent extracted with
oIOKpxgHiaM-00023-00006606-00006923 hexanes the oil is then refined blended
oIOKpxgHiaM-00024-00006923-00007123 for different applications and sometimes
oIOKpxgHiaM-00025-00007125-00007438 hydrogenated soybean oils both liquid
oIOKpxgHiaM-00026-00007439-00007652 and partially hydrogenated are sold as
oIOKpxgHiaM-00027-00007653-00007960 vegetable oil or are ingredients in a
oIOKpxgHiaM-00028-00007961-00008242 wide variety of processed foods most of
oIOKpxgHiaM-00029-00008243-00008446 the remaining residue soybean meal is
oIOKpxgHiaM-00030-00008447-00008849 used as animal feed in the 2002-2003
oIOKpxgHiaM-00031-00008850-00009088 growing season thirty point six million
oIOKpxgHiaM-00032-00009089-00009289 tonnes of soybean oil were produced
oIOKpxgHiaM-00033-00009290-00009518 worldwide constituting about half of
oIOKpxgHiaM-00034-00009519-00009698 worldwide edible vegetable oil
oIOKpxgHiaM-00035-00009699-00009974 production and 30% of all fats and oils
oIOKpxgHiaM-00036-00009975-00010205 produced including animal fats and oils
oIOKpxgHiaM-00037-00010206-00010875 derived from tropical plants
oIOKpxgHiaM-00038-00010876-00011394 topic composition
oIOKpxgHiaM-00039-00011395-00011769 here 100 grams soybean oil has 16 grams
oIOKpxgHiaM-00040-00011770-00012012 of saturated fat 23 grams of
oIOKpxgHiaM-00041-00012013-00012276 monounsaturated fat and 58 grams of
oIOKpxgHiaM-00042-00012277-00012521 polyunsaturated fat the major
oIOKpxgHiaM-00043-00012522-00012798 unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil
oIOKpxgHiaM-00044-00012799-00012957 triglycerides are the poly unsaturated
oIOKpxgHiaM-00045-00012958-00013497 aliphatic acid C - 18 - 3 7 to 10% and
oIOKpxgHiaM-00046-00013497-00013929 linoleic acid C - 18 - to 51% and the
oIOKpxgHiaM-00047-00013930-00014333 monounsaturated oleic acid C - 18 to 123
oIOKpxgHiaM-00048-00014334-00014637 percent it also contains the saturated
oIOKpxgHiaM-00049-00014638-00015090 fatty acids stearic acid c -18 - 0 4 %
oIOKpxgHiaM-00050-00015091-00015588 and palmitic acid c - 16 to 0 10% the
oIOKpxgHiaM-00051-00015588-00015797 high proportion of oxidation prone
oIOKpxgHiaM-00052-00015798-00016041 linolenic acid is undesirable for some
oIOKpxgHiaM-00053-00016041-00016313 uses such as cooking oils three
oIOKpxgHiaM-00054-00016315-00016569 companies Monsanto Company DuPont Bunge
oIOKpxgHiaM-00055-00016570-00016839 and aasaiya in 2004 introduced low
oIOKpxgHiaM-00056-00016840-00017080 linolenic Roundup Ready soybeans
oIOKpxgHiaM-00057-00017081-00017303 hydrogenation may be used to reduce the
oIOKpxgHiaM-00058-00017304-00017565 unsaturation in linolenic acid the
oIOKpxgHiaM-00059-00017566-00017780 resulting oil is called hydrogenated
oIOKpxgHiaM-00060-00017781-00017865 soybean oil
oIOKpxgHiaM-00061-00017866-00018117 if the hydrogenation is only partially
oIOKpxgHiaM-00062-00018118-00018291 complete the oil may contain small
oIOKpxgHiaM-00063-00018292-00018907 amounts of trans fat
oIOKpxgHiaM-00064-00018908-00019567 topic comparison to other vegetable oils
oIOKpxgHiaM-00065-00019568-00019933 you
oIOKpxgHiaM-00066-00019934-00020476 topic applications
oIOKpxgHiaM-00067-00020477-00020815 you
oIOKpxgHiaM-00068-00020816-00021292 topic food
oIOKpxgHiaM-00069-00021293-00021553 soybean oil is mostly used for frying
oIOKpxgHiaM-00070-00021554-00021775 and baking it is also used as a
oIOKpxgHiaM-00071-00021776-00022338 condiment for salads
oIOKpxgHiaM-00072-00022339-00023052 topic drying oils soybean oil is one of
oIOKpxgHiaM-00073-00023053-00023253 many drying oils which means that it
oIOKpxgHiaM-00074-00023254-00023409 will slowly harden due to free radical
oIOKpxgHiaM-00075-00023410-00023670 based polymerization upon exposure to
oIOKpxgHiaM-00076-00023671-00023916 air forming a flexible transparent and
oIOKpxgHiaM-00077-00023917-00024147 waterproof solid because of this
oIOKpxgHiaM-00078-00024148-00024369 property it is used in some printing ink
oIOKpxgHiaM-00079-00024370-00024672 and oil paint formulations however other
oIOKpxgHiaM-00080-00024673-00024930 oils such as linseed oil may be superior
oIOKpxgHiaM-00081-00024931-00025608 for some drying oil applications
oIOKpxgHiaM-00082-00025610-00026180 topic fixative for insect repellents
oIOKpxgHiaM-00083-00026181-00026505 while soybean oil has no direct insect
oIOKpxgHiaM-00084-00026506-00026697 repellant activity it is used as a
oIOKpxgHiaM-00085-00026698-00026907 fixative to extend the short duration of
oIOKpxgHiaM-00086-00026908-00027071 action of essential oils such as
oIOKpxgHiaM-00087-00027072-00027287 geranium oil in several commercial
oIOKpxgHiaM-00088-00027288-00027846 products
oIOKpxgHiaM-00089-00027847-00028157 topic trading
oIOKpxgHiaM-00090-00028158-00028348 you
oIOKpxgHiaM-00091-00028349-00028602 soybean oil is traded at the Chicago
oIOKpxgHiaM-00092-00028603-00028845 Board of Trade in contracts of 60,000
oIOKpxgHiaM-00093-00028847-00029121 pounds at a time prices are listed in
oIOKpxgHiaM-00094-00029122-00029502 cents and hundreds of a cent per pound
oIZSsUrAGJA-00000-00000000-00000192 these nine tips to know if he likes you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00001-00000193-00000463 well it is quite hard to tell if he is
oIZSsUrAGJA-00002-00000465-00000530 shy
oIZSsUrAGJA-00003-00000531-00000776 whether you agree or not every girl at
oIZSsUrAGJA-00004-00000777-00000991 one point in time thinks does he like me
oIZSsUrAGJA-00005-00000992-00001249 or not you want him but you are just not
oIZSsUrAGJA-00006-00001250-00001460 aware if the same feeling resides in his
oIZSsUrAGJA-00007-00001461-00001732 heart well honestly speaking on behalf
oIZSsUrAGJA-00008-00001734-00001930 of the male gender it is not that hard
oIZSsUrAGJA-00009-00001932-00002120 to find out if a guy likes you more than
oIZSsUrAGJA-00010-00002121-00002192 a friend
oIZSsUrAGJA-00011-00002193-00002429 his actions should be enough to tell you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00012-00002430-00002692 if he likes you or not anyway I know
oIZSsUrAGJA-00013-00002693-00002858 that you are already confused and
oIZSsUrAGJA-00014-00002859-00003046 wondering how you can be sure right
oIZSsUrAGJA-00015-00003047-00003217 wonder no more
oIZSsUrAGJA-00016-00003218-00003497 here are 21 telltale signs that a guy
oIZSsUrAGJA-00017-00003497-00003794 may be shy guy likes you if you can
oIZSsUrAGJA-00018-00003795-00003950 relate to the points mentioned here
oIZSsUrAGJA-00019-00003951-00004372 rejoice one endless questions if a guy
oIZSsUrAGJA-00020-00004373-00004610 keeps asking you questions questions and
oIZSsUrAGJA-00021-00004611-00004702 more questions
oIZSsUrAGJA-00022-00004703-00005063 he is probably into you he wants to keep
oIZSsUrAGJA-00023-00005064-00005366 the conversation going on or maybe he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00024-00005367-00005516 wants to know you from the core
oIZSsUrAGJA-00025-00005517-00005822 moreover see how he behaves does he take
oIZSsUrAGJA-00026-00005823-00006017 a special interest in talking to you or
oIZSsUrAGJA-00027-00006018-00006293 he acts just like a normal friend if you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00028-00006294-00006475 can relate yourself with the later you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00029-00006476-00006641 will probably need some strong hints
oIZSsUrAGJA-00030-00006642-00007039 before concluding to his behavior he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00031-00007040-00007220 acts differently when you are around a
oIZSsUrAGJA-00032-00007220-00007471 boy will never do that until he likes
oIZSsUrAGJA-00033-00007472-00007753 you if a guy wants you he will try to
oIZSsUrAGJA-00034-00007754-00008045 act cool in front of you he might try to
oIZSsUrAGJA-00035-00008045-00008231 be quieter when you are around or try to
oIZSsUrAGJA-00036-00008232-00008657 be cooler 3 his smile if he smiles at
oIZSsUrAGJA-00037-00008658-00008834 you a lot it could be another positive
oIZSsUrAGJA-00038-00008835-00008969 sign that he likes you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00039-00008970-00009217 some guys tend to smile at every other
oIZSsUrAGJA-00040-00009218-00009485 feat but that's a different case for
oIZSsUrAGJA-00041-00009486-00009698 example the guy is shy but whenever he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00042-00009699-00010031 sees you he smiles he smiles not in a
oIZSsUrAGJA-00043-00010032-00010214 way to offend you but to give you a hint
oIZSsUrAGJA-00044-00010215-00010371 that he likes you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00045-00010372-00010578 to pay close attention to his smile and
oIZSsUrAGJA-00046-00010579-00010803 see if he maintains eye contact it might
oIZSsUrAGJA-00047-00010804-00011004 be a great sign that suggests he is into
oIZSsUrAGJA-00048-00011005-00011421 you for he ignores although this can get
oIZSsUrAGJA-00049-00011422-00011616 complicated a lot of guys ignore the
oIZSsUrAGJA-00050-00011617-00011871 girl they like he might be doing so
oIZSsUrAGJA-00051-00011872-00012150 because for two reasons he either wants
oIZSsUrAGJA-00052-00012151-00012342 to know if you care or it is because he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00053-00012343-00012543 gets too shy and nervous in front of you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00054-00012544-00012801 no matter what's the reason but if he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00055-00012802-00012984 ignores you without reason it might be
oIZSsUrAGJA-00056-00012985-00013152 possible that he's into you just a
oIZSsUrAGJA-00057-00013153-00013425 little bit on the other hand it is even
oIZSsUrAGJA-00058-00013426-00013611 possible that he is entirely not into
oIZSsUrAGJA-00059-00013612-00013863 you maybe he ignores you because he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00060-00013863-00014046 doesn't like certain characteristics of
oIZSsUrAGJA-00061-00014047-00014297 yours or something else to take help
oIZSsUrAGJA-00062-00014299-00014496 from your friends to find out what kind
oIZSsUrAGJA-00063-00014497-00014751 of feelings he has got for you in five
oIZSsUrAGJA-00064-00014752-00015069 he asked your number until and unless he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00065-00015069-00015269 has a degree in flirting it is a giant
oIZSsUrAGJA-00066-00015270-00015546 sign that the guy likes you he asked
oIZSsUrAGJA-00067-00015547-00015828 your number equals he wants you no more
oIZSsUrAGJA-00068-00015829-00015891 questions
oIZSsUrAGJA-00069-00015891-00016166 a guy won't ask your number unless he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00070-00016168-00016359 has some important work with you or you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00071-00016360-00016602 can help him in any other manner however
oIZSsUrAGJA-00072-00016603-00016842 this depends on the situation too
oIZSsUrAGJA-00073-00016843-00017088 if a guy comes to you and asks for your
oIZSsUrAGJA-00074-00017089-00017265 number because that's the only way he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00075-00017266-00017436 can contact you that's an entirely
oIZSsUrAGJA-00076-00017437-00017575 different thing
oIZSsUrAGJA-00077-00017576-00017772 on the other hand if he asks for you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00078-00017773-00017961 even if he can meet you daily it is
oIZSsUrAGJA-00079-00017962-00018153 probably a sign that he likes you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00080-00018154-00018538 keep digging for more clues 6 he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00081-00018539-00018825 connects with you on social media if he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00082-00018826-00019000 adds you on Facebook follows you on
oIZSsUrAGJA-00083-00019001-00019210 Instagram there is a chance that he is
oIZSsUrAGJA-00084-00019211-00019315 interested in you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00085-00019316-00019561 to conclude more see what he does after
oIZSsUrAGJA-00086-00019562-00019822 getting your request accepted does he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00087-00019823-00019996 keep it there or take the friendship to
oIZSsUrAGJA-00088-00019997-00020110 a whole new level
oIZSsUrAGJA-00089-00020111-00020383 I mean does he like all your posts pics
oIZSsUrAGJA-00090-00020384-00020542 and every other thing even though you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00091-00020543-00020805 feel that it makes no sense to him well
oIZSsUrAGJA-00092-00020806-00021060 in the case he is probably mad for you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00093-00021061-00021355 also keep a check on his messages if he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00094-00021356-00021528 initiates the conversation every time
oIZSsUrAGJA-00095-00021529-00021739 and keeps it going on it is a very
oIZSsUrAGJA-00096-00021740-00022058 positive sign 7 do you have a boyfriend
oIZSsUrAGJA-00097-00022059-00022347 if he doesn't ask you straight it can be
oIZSsUrAGJA-00098-00022348-00022543 a slightly modified question like are
oIZSsUrAGJA-00099-00022544-00022699 you seeing anyone or do you have a
oIZSsUrAGJA-00100-00022700-00022792 roommate
oIZSsUrAGJA-00101-00022793-00023002 these small questions can help you get a
oIZSsUrAGJA-00102-00023003-00023277 bigger picture of his feelings for you 8
oIZSsUrAGJA-00103-00023278-00023593 accidental touchy does he touch you now
oIZSsUrAGJA-00104-00023594-00023830 and then well not in the wrong manner
oIZSsUrAGJA-00105-00023831-00024108 but just decently and playfully it could
oIZSsUrAGJA-00106-00024109-00024294 be one of the most significant clues
oIZSsUrAGJA-00107-00024295-00024577 guys love to touch their crushes even in
oIZSsUrAGJA-00108-00024578-00024844 the slightest possible way be it a small
oIZSsUrAGJA-00109-00024845-00025024 game of thumb wrestling or something
oIZSsUrAGJA-00110-00025025-00025287 else that allows him to feel you if he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00111-00025288-00025512 finds excuses to touch you be ready a
oIZSsUrAGJA-00112-00025513-00025845 proposal is on your way 9 he remembers
oIZSsUrAGJA-00113-00025847-00026031 every single thing you told him
oIZSsUrAGJA-00114-00026032-00026245 seriously guys aren't that good at
oIZSsUrAGJA-00115-00026245-00026482 remembering details but if he does so he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00116-00026483-00026761 probably likes you not just like he
oIZSsUrAGJA-00117-00026762-00026907 likes you very much
oIZSsUrAGJA-00118-00026908-00027226 understand the difference not everyone
oIZSsUrAGJA-00119-00027227-00027400 will remember everything about you until
oIZSsUrAGJA-00120-00027401-00027655 you are very close to them if he likes
oIZSsUrAGJA-00121-00027656-00027886 you he remembers your birthday your best
oIZSsUrAGJA-00122-00027887-00028081 friend's name your doggies favorite food
oIZSsUrAGJA-00123-00028082-00028258 your favorite color and every single
oIZSsUrAGJA-00124-00028258-00028406 thing about you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00125-00028407-00028568 hope you've got your answer on how to
oIZSsUrAGJA-00126-00028569-00028943 tell if a guy likes you
oIZSsUrAGJA-00127-00028944-00030087 [Music]
oQMTy_KhfAc-00000-00000505-00001111 [Music]
oQMTy_KhfAc-00001-00001112-00002426 do
oQMTy_KhfAc-00002-00002427-00002583 [Music]
oQMTy_KhfAc-00003-00002584-00003999 ah
oQMTy_KhfAc-00004-00004000-00004300 is
oRo9HO4zx88-00000-00000926-00001291 good evening everyone welcome to Bristol
oRo9HO4zx88-00001-00001292-00001487 Community College my name is Wendy
oRo9HO4zx88-00002-00001488-00001664 Sanford and I'm the program coordinator
oRo9HO4zx88-00003-00001664-00001984 for the CNA program here at BCC I'd like
oRo9HO4zx88-00004-00001985-00002234 to welcome all of you to our CNA pinning
oRo9HO4zx88-00005-00002235-00002471 ceremony this evening I want to thank
oRo9HO4zx88-00006-00002472-00002650 you all for coming and I'd like to thank
oRo9HO4zx88-00007-00002651-00002809 all the family and friends that have
oRo9HO4zx88-00008-00002810-00002977 come tonight the students couldn't have
oRo9HO4zx88-00009-00002978-00003193 done this without the support of all of
oRo9HO4zx88-00010-00003194-00003370 you the babysitting the meals being
oRo9HO4zx88-00011-00003371-00003608 cooked the helping them study all of
oRo9HO4zx88-00012-00003609-00003911 that being there their patients whether
oRo9HO4zx88-00013-00003911-00004115 at home to practice different skills on
oRo9HO4zx88-00014-00004116-00004277 so thank you they couldn't have
oRo9HO4zx88-00015-00004278-00004427 succeeded without the support of the
oRo9HO4zx88-00016-00004428-00004568 family and friends that are here today
oRo9HO4zx88-00017-00004569-00004813 to support them so thank you for coming
oRo9HO4zx88-00018-00004814-00005090 to all the students that are here I know
oRo9HO4zx88-00019-00005091-00005338 the first days of class some of you
oRo9HO4zx88-00020-00005339-00005486 thought is this the right move did I
oRo9HO4zx88-00021-00005487-00005713 make the right decision by coming to BCC
oRo9HO4zx88-00022-00005714-00005999 and deciding to be a CNA I'm here to
oRo9HO4zx88-00023-00006000-00006104 tell you you've all made the right
oRo9HO4zx88-00024-00006105-00006365 decision you all have the compassion you
oRo9HO4zx88-00025-00006366-00006527 all have the caring and you've all made
oRo9HO4zx88-00026-00006528-00006992 it you've picked a very rewarding and
oRo9HO4zx88-00027-00006993-00007223 self gratifying field you'll be
oRo9HO4zx88-00028-00007223-00007420 receiving many thank yous from your
oRo9HO4zx88-00029-00007422-00007688 patients every day the smiles will warm
oRo9HO4zx88-00030-00007689-00007952 your hearts every single day some people
oRo9HO4zx88-00031-00007953-00008294 ask what is a CNA what does a CNA do or
oRo9HO4zx88-00032-00008295-00008574 some people might say you're only a CNA
oRo9HO4zx88-00033-00008575-00008792 this is a little poem that I'd like to
oRo9HO4zx88-00034-00008793-00009137 share with you who are you to refer to
oRo9HO4zx88-00035-00009138-00009470 us as only a CNA we're the ones who wash
oRo9HO4zx88-00036-00009471-00009667 and dress our patients for the day
oRo9HO4zx88-00037-00009668-00009971 we're the ones who take the time to
oRo9HO4zx88-00038-00009972-00010226 listen to them speak we listen about
oRo9HO4zx88-00039-00010227-00010595 their lifetime in a 40-hour week we also
oRo9HO4zx88-00040-00010596-00010810 give our hands to hold when someone's
oRo9HO4zx88-00041-00010811-00011099 feeling scared it's not easy being a
oRo9HO4zx88-00042-00011100-00011384 patient you're never quite prepared we
oRo9HO4zx88-00043-00011385-00011627 take the time to listen by lending both
oRo9HO4zx88-00044-00011628-00011899 our ears we listen to their worries or
oRo9HO4zx88-00045-00011900-00012176 how they've spent their years our arms
oRo9HO4zx88-00046-00012177-00012456 were made to reach and even wrap around
oRo9HO4zx88-00047-00012457-00012734 to give our patients hugs when they're
oRo9HO4zx88-00048-00012735-00012971 feeling a little down we help our
oRo9HO4zx88-00049-00012972-00013175 patients do the things they used to do
oRo9HO4zx88-00050-00013176-00013280 on their own
oRo9HO4zx88-00051-00013281-00013535 everyone needs some help even when we're
oRo9HO4zx88-00052-00013536-00013910 grown so who are you to refer us as only
oRo9HO4zx88-00053-00013911-00014207 a CNA we do our best to meet their needs
oRo9HO4zx88-00054-00014208-00014510 within our working day we choose to do
oRo9HO4zx88-00055-00014511-00014861 this job this job did not choose us we
oRo9HO4zx88-00056-00014862-00015086 sympathize and empathize compassion is a
oRo9HO4zx88-00057-00015087-00015386 must we try to keep them comfortable and
oRo9HO4zx88-00058-00015387-00015704 free of any fear we sit along beside
oRo9HO4zx88-00059-00015705-00015991 them when that time is near we hold
oRo9HO4zx88-00060-00015993-00016199 their hand stroked the hair just making
oRo9HO4zx88-00061-00016200-00016469 sure they know they're not alone alone
oRo9HO4zx88-00062-00016470-00016682 and eight is there it's okay for them to
oRo9HO4zx88-00063-00016683-00016967 go to all the CNAs keep your head held
oRo9HO4zx88-00064-00016968-00017005 high
oRo9HO4zx88-00065-00017006-00017278 we're not only CNAs we're angels in
oRo9HO4zx88-00066-00017279-00018164 disguise
oRo9HO4zx88-00067-00018165-00018499 so remember that as you travel on
oRo9HO4zx88-00068-00018500-00018658 through your career you'll have many
oRo9HO4zx88-00069-00018659-00018799 different patients that you'll touch
oRo9HO4zx88-00070-00018800-00019024 lives you'll never forget I know many of
oRo9HO4zx88-00071-00019025-00019252 you have stories from clinical the first
oRo9HO4zx88-00072-00019253-00019425 day you entered clinical you were scared
oRo9HO4zx88-00073-00019426-00019575 the last day you left in tears because
oRo9HO4zx88-00074-00019576-00019816 you made a connection with somebody with
oRo9HO4zx88-00075-00019817-00019989 a patient that you'll never forget so
oRo9HO4zx88-00076-00019990-00020205 remember never ever lose your compassion
oRo9HO4zx88-00077-00020206-00020488 for caring throughout your career and
oRo9HO4zx88-00078-00020489-00020650 remember to always keep your health
oRo9HO4zx88-00079-00020651-00020897 head held high because you are an
oRo9HO4zx88-00080-00020898-00021103 absolute necessity to the healthcare
oRo9HO4zx88-00081-00021104-00021388 field you're the eyes and ears for any
oRo9HO4zx88-00082-00021389-00021694 nurse that's out there they really rely
oRo9HO4zx88-00083-00021695-00022164 on your CNA capabilities drastically
oRo9HO4zx88-00084-00022165-00022450 we've had this semester we've had over
oRo9HO4zx88-00085-00022451-00022825 50 graduates we've had nine students
oRo9HO4zx88-00086-00022826-00022972 from a people incorporated group that
oRo9HO4zx88-00087-00022973-00023253 came with us and we also had 50 students
oRo9HO4zx88-00088-00023254-00023433 as well so we've had about sixty
oRo9HO4zx88-00089-00023434-00023580 students graduate this semester which is
oRo9HO4zx88-00090-00023581-00023839 a great accomplishment and we're very
oRo9HO4zx88-00091-00023840-00024009 happy for all of you and again thank you
oRo9HO4zx88-00092-00024010-00024367 for coming I would like to thank our BCC
oRo9HO4zx88-00093-00024368-00024675 president John Jack sbrega and our VP
oRo9HO4zx88-00094-00024676-00024822 for Workforce German odd who couldn't be
oRo9HO4zx88-00095-00024823-00025050 here also Terry and Carmen and Nikki for
oRo9HO4zx88-00096-00025051-00025327 our support in the program we've had
oRo9HO4zx88-00097-00025328-00025705 excellent instructors as well who are
oRo9HO4zx88-00098-00025706-00026011 all here Suzanne sue Judy Kim and
oRo9HO4zx88-00099-00026012-00026302 Danielle as well at this point I'd like
oRo9HO4zx88-00100-00026302-00026542 to turn it over to two of the students
oRo9HO4zx88-00101-00026543-00026790 who will come up and speak we have Anna
oRo9HO4zx88-00102-00026791-00027445 Silva and Paige Miranda please good
oRo9HO4zx88-00103-00027445-00027745 evening and welcome to the CNA pin and
oRo9HO4zx88-00104-00027745-00027964 ceremony first and foremost I would like
oRo9HO4zx88-00105-00027964-00028168 to congratulate the CNAs who are
oRo9HO4zx88-00106-00028169-00028399 graduating this evening and receiving
oRo9HO4zx88-00107-00028400-00028786 your PIN I've been a CNA for 17 years
oRo9HO4zx88-00108-00028787-00028920 and I had to go back for my
oRo9HO4zx88-00109-00028922-00029104 certification I was doing private duty
oRo9HO4zx88-00110-00029105-00029398 for a while and I can tell you that what
oRo9HO4zx88-00111-00029399-00029620 Wendy said you truly are angels you know
oRo9HO4zx88-00112-00029620-00029824 I've had so many residents look at me
oRo9HO4zx88-00113-00029825-00030208 and being on there you know and at the
oRo9HO4zx88-00114-00030208-00030339 end of their life and look at me and
oRo9HO4zx88-00115-00030340-00030568 literally say I am their angel you know
oRo9HO4zx88-00116-00030569-00030718 like when I'm holding their hands so
oRo9HO4zx88-00117-00030719-00031081 it's amazing I also want to thank the
oRo9HO4zx88-00118-00031082-00031221 family and friends
oRo9HO4zx88-00119-00031222-00031437 of all the students for coming tonight
oRo9HO4zx88-00120-00031438-00031732 and share in this special occasion with
oRo9HO4zx88-00121-00031733-00031957 us and I also have to thank our
oRo9HO4zx88-00122-00031958-00032196 instructors who we could not have done
oRo9HO4zx88-00123-00032197-00032470 this without you guys you guys are all
oRo9HO4zx88-00124-00032470-00032632 so angels you know we drove you guys
oRo9HO4zx88-00125-00032633-00033021 crazy at times many times but you will
oRo9HO4zx88-00126-00033022-00033311 you dealt with us and thank you guys so
oRo9HO4zx88-00127-00033312-00033661 we started out as a group of students
oRo9HO4zx88-00128-00033662-00033985 you know strangers really in a class and
oRo9HO4zx88-00129-00033986-00034224 we've all grown into friends like I know
oRo9HO4zx88-00130-00034225-00034411 I've made some lifelong friends in my
oRo9HO4zx88-00131-00034412-00034674 classroom and we've all supported each
oRo9HO4zx88-00132-00034675-00034971 other overcome obstacles you know some
oRo9HO4zx88-00133-00034972-00035185 of us had weaknesses and other ones had
oRo9HO4zx88-00134-00035186-00035404 strengths and we've really you know
oRo9HO4zx88-00135-00035405-00035565 helped each other to shine in our
oRo9HO4zx88-00136-00035566-00035730 strengths so I want to thank my
oRo9HO4zx88-00137-00035731-00035976 classmates you know who really helped me
oRo9HO4zx88-00138-00035977-00036270 with my weaknesses nothing could have
oRo9HO4zx88-00139-00036271-00036507 prepared us for this amazing journey
oRo9HO4zx88-00140-00036508-00036730 that we've been on you know the past few
oRo9HO4zx88-00141-00036731-00037032 months we have learned in done things
oRo9HO4zx88-00142-00037033-00037302 that we never thought we could have done
oRo9HO4zx88-00143-00037303-00037533 you know we have overcome boundaries
oRo9HO4zx88-00144-00037534-00037782 that seemed impossible and we have
oRo9HO4zx88-00145-00037783-00038007 forged intimate relationships with our
oRo9HO4zx88-00146-00038008-00038280 our patients you know that will last us
oRo9HO4zx88-00147-00038281-00038548 a lifetime I can still remember the
oRo9HO4zx88-00148-00038549-00038751 first patient that I took care of in
oRo9HO4zx88-00149-00038752-00039010 clinical seventeen years ago in every
oRo9HO4zx88-00150-00039011-00039229 name on my first assignment at my first
oRo9HO4zx88-00151-00039230-00039451 job of every person that I had for the
oRo9HO4zx88-00152-00039452-00039807 first week so we are no longer just
oRo9HO4zx88-00153-00039808-00040008 ordinary you know men and women we are
oRo9HO4zx88-00154-00040009-00040242 now CNAs we are held up to a higher
oRo9HO4zx88-00155-00040243-00040549 standard to take care of others so be
oRo9HO4zx88-00156-00040550-00040746 proud of that be proud of yourselves to
oRo9HO4zx88-00157-00040747-00041118 do that I just want to say after today
oRo9HO4zx88-00158-00041119-00041410 many of us will go on some of us won't
oRo9HO4zx88-00159-00041411-00041482 see each other
oRo9HO4zx88-00160-00041483-00041692 unfortunately anymore some of us will
oRo9HO4zx88-00161-00041693-00041980 automatically enter the work field start
oRo9HO4zx88-00162-00041981-00042280 new jobs some of us will continue on our
oRo9HO4zx88-00163-00042281-00042624 education and become nurses which I just
oRo9HO4zx88-00164-00042625-00042792 got accepted for August so I'm excited
oRo9HO4zx88-00165-00042793-00043143 for Brockton wherever life takes us
oRo9HO4zx88-00166-00043144-00043437 though wherever we work we will all be
oRo9HO4zx88-00167-00043438-00043737 great CNAs because of our training you
oRo9HO4zx88-00168-00043738-00043998 know here at BCC so I am very grateful
oRo9HO4zx88-00169-00043999-00044317 to have attended here 17 years ago and
oRo9HO4zx88-00170-00044318-00044503 again these past few months
oRo9HO4zx88-00171-00044504-00045586 so thank you very much thank you Anna
oRo9HO4zx88-00172-00045587-00045688 that was great
oRo9HO4zx88-00173-00045689-00045877 next I'd like to introduce our president
oRo9HO4zx88-00174-00045878-00046060 Jack sbrega to come up and say a few
oRo9HO4zx88-00175-00046061-00046471 words everyone what a great occasion
oRo9HO4zx88-00176-00046472-00046786 this is I want to speak to the graduates
oRo9HO4zx88-00177-00046787-00047119 and say you congratulations first of all
oRo9HO4zx88-00178-00047120-00047641 you made it but my words to you is to
oRo9HO4zx88-00179-00047642-00047905 keep going on this educational ladder
oRo9HO4zx88-00180-00047906-00048265 it's a pathway that opens unlimited
oRo9HO4zx88-00181-00048266-00048517 possibilities for you you've already
oRo9HO4zx88-00182-00048518-00048682 done the hardest part if you can
oRo9HO4zx88-00183-00048683-00048958 remember that first day when you just
oRo9HO4zx88-00184-00048959-00049099 we're going to look into this program
oRo9HO4zx88-00185-00049100-00049504 let alone enter it and that's that's a
oRo9HO4zx88-00186-00049505-00049807 courageous decision on your part and it
oRo9HO4zx88-00187-00049808-00050107 inspires the rest of us as we see you
oRo9HO4zx88-00188-00050108-00050368 move forward you set a goal you move
oRo9HO4zx88-00189-00050369-00050512 forward and here you are tonight
oRo9HO4zx88-00190-00050513-00050824 complete with it very successfully and
oRo9HO4zx88-00191-00050825-00051133 now the ideas look look for the next
oRo9HO4zx88-00192-00051134-00051441 steps on this pathway and BCC is here to
oRo9HO4zx88-00193-00051442-00051633 offer you an array of programs and
oRo9HO4zx88-00194-00051634-00051898 certificates for you to test your wings
oRo9HO4zx88-00195-00051899-00052288 right and to keep going the healthcare
oRo9HO4zx88-00196-00052289-00052516 field badly needs you badly needs the
oRo9HO4zx88-00197-00052516-00052791 dedicated the dedication and the
oRo9HO4zx88-00198-00052792-00053029 commitment that you bring to your work
oRo9HO4zx88-00199-00053029-00053292 and so we're very proud of you I know
oRo9HO4zx88-00200-00053294-00053485 you want to thank the faculty and staff
oRo9HO4zx88-00201-00053486-00053848 that supported you throughout your stay
oRo9HO4zx88-00202-00053849-00054123 with us in this program and also the
oRo9HO4zx88-00203-00054124-00054508 fact of the parents and loved ones and
oRo9HO4zx88-00204-00054509-00054835 support network that you had as you move
oRo9HO4zx88-00205-00054836-00055017 through it I know you would be the first
oRo9HO4zx88-00206-00055019-00055162 to say you couldn't make it without them
oRo9HO4zx88-00207-00055163-00055401 so we're very grateful to you
oRo9HO4zx88-00208-00055402-00055713 you supporters to make sure that our
oRo9HO4zx88-00209-00055714-00056002 graduates made it to tonight so I thank
oRo9HO4zx88-00210-00056003-00056299 you I wish you all the best and please
oRo9HO4zx88-00211-00056300-00056592 know that you remember now of the BCC
oRo9HO4zx88-00212-00056594-00056803 family and of any help that we can
oRo9HO4zx88-00213-00056804-00057097 provide that we're here for you okay
oRo9HO4zx88-00214-00057098-00057859 congratulations
oRo9HO4zx88-00215-00057860-00058184 Thank You president sbrega next I'd like
oRo9HO4zx88-00216-00058185-00058424 to introduce Jeanne Willett and Amanda
oRo9HO4zx88-00217-00058425-00058595 Cabral and Judith Robinson
oRo9HO4zx88-00218-00058596-00060632 to come up and speak come on up girl hi
oRo9HO4zx88-00219-00060633-00060896 everyone my name is Amanda we just want
oRo9HO4zx88-00220-00060897-00061097 to thank our structure Suzanne and Judy
oRo9HO4zx88-00221-00061098-00061265 for helping us and inspiring us
oRo9HO4zx88-00222-00061266-00061463 throughout the program we all enjoyed
oRo9HO4zx88-00223-00061464-00061634 the clinical at first we were really
oRo9HO4zx88-00224-00061635-00061820 nervous but by the end of the last day
oRo9HO4zx88-00225-00061821-00062000 we felt so comfortable that we did not
oRo9HO4zx88-00226-00062001-00062216 want to leave thank you for guiding us
oRo9HO4zx88-00227-00062216-00062396 and preparing us for our future careers
oRo9HO4zx88-00228-00062397-00062605 we cannot wait and are so excited to be
oRo9HO4zx88-00229-00062607-00063344 on our futures thank you Thank You
oRo9HO4zx88-00230-00063345-00063398 Amanda
oRo9HO4zx88-00231-00063399-00064028 and Gina Willa hi my name is Jenny Willa
oRo9HO4zx88-00232-00064029-00064141 and I've been asked to share my
oRo9HO4zx88-00233-00064142-00064364 experience with this BCC singing 8th
oRo9HO4zx88-00234-00064365-00064679 course let me start by telling you that
oRo9HO4zx88-00235-00064679-00064865 it was more of a challenge than I
oRo9HO4zx88-00236-00064866-00065057 expected but a very thorough learning
oRo9HO4zx88-00237-00065058-00065261 experience for me and it was taught very
oRo9HO4zx88-00238-00065262-00065561 well program coordinator and course
oRo9HO4zx88-00239-00065562-00065732 instructor Wendy Sanford who I call
oRo9HO4zx88-00240-00065733-00066017 super woman was always there to help us
oRo9HO4zx88-00241-00066018-00066260 with any questions I think for me and my
oRo9HO4zx88-00242-00066261-00066464 classmates the online course started out
oRo9HO4zx88-00243-00066465-00066926 a little bit rough but we were all able
oRo9HO4zx88-00244-00066927-00067067 to get through it with Wendy will
oRo9HO4zx88-00245-00067068-00067214 calling her and even at the end of her
oRo9HO4zx88-00246-00067215-00067391 pregnancy she was up night grading
oRo9HO4zx88-00247-00067392-00067619 papers and answering my questions and
oRo9HO4zx88-00248-00067620-00067826 and I don't know how she did it but she
oRo9HO4zx88-00249-00067827-00068102 did a great job and Judi and radar
oRo9HO4zx88-00250-00068103-00068321 Clinical Instructor was really great to
oRo9HO4zx88-00251-00068322-00068510 work with she she had a way to put our
oRo9HO4zx88-00252-00068511-00068786 minds at ease and get us through all the
oRo9HO4zx88-00253-00068787-00068966 learning experience that we had teaching
oRo9HO4zx88-00254-00068967-00069167 us ah skills that's awesome and I
oRo9HO4zx88-00255-00069168-00069413 enjoyed great working with you guys it
oRo9HO4zx88-00256-00069414-00069647 was so much fun and both Wendy and Judea
oRo9HO4zx88-00257-00069648-00069809 the patience and compassion to be both
oRo9HO4zx88-00258-00069810-00070058 great nurses and teachers we now have
oRo9HO4zx88-00259-00070059-00070313 the ability to care for others as CNAs I
oRo9HO4zx88-00260-00070314-00070502 really enjoyed working with them and my
oRo9HO4zx88-00261-00070503-00070688 classmates I think they feel the same
oRo9HO4zx88-00262-00070689-00070946 some people will say like Wendy we might
oRo9HO4zx88-00263-00070947-00071183 be only a CNA but to our residents and
oRo9HO4zx88-00264-00071184-00071345 patients will be the most valuable
oRo9HO4zx88-00265-00071346-00071645 people caring for them listening holding
oRo9HO4zx88-00266-00071646-00071798 the hands and giving them a hug
oRo9HO4zx88-00267-00071799-00072014 it takes a it takes a special kind of
oRo9HO4zx88-00268-00072015-00072200 person to do this best job in the world
oRo9HO4zx88-00269-00072201-00073063 caring for others thank you
oRo9HO4zx88-00270-00073064-00073352 Thank You Jeanne next I'd like to
oRo9HO4zx88-00271-00073353-00073619 introduce Nicole collage and Rache is
oRo9HO4zx88-00272-00073620-00074489 the director of community education good
oRo9HO4zx88-00273-00074490-00074654 evening everyone I'm first I would like
oRo9HO4zx88-00274-00074655-00074852 to add my congratulations to all of the
oRo9HO4zx88-00275-00074853-00075200 students who have overcome some
oRo9HO4zx88-00276-00075201-00075503 nervousness and making this first step
oRo9HO4zx88-00277-00075504-00075794 into a new career I'm very proud to be
oRo9HO4zx88-00278-00075795-00075932 standing here with you tonight
oRo9HO4zx88-00279-00075933-00076199 celebrating your success take a moment
oRo9HO4zx88-00280-00076200-00076397 to let this experience really reach you
oRo9HO4zx88-00281-00076398-00076628 we all move so quickly and this is one
oRo9HO4zx88-00282-00076629-00076826 of those nights you'll look back on and
oRo9HO4zx88-00283-00076827-00077258 want to remember you have you have and
oRo9HO4zx88-00284-00077259-00077465 and we'll continue to hear many times
oRo9HO4zx88-00285-00077466-00077630 that the career path that you've chosen
oRo9HO4zx88-00286-00077631-00077852 will be very well rewarding and it will
oRo9HO4zx88-00287-00077853-00078107 but it will not be easy but as you
oRo9HO4zx88-00288-00078108-00078284 already know success comes with a lot of
oRo9HO4zx88-00289-00078285-00078776 hard work and from making the choices
oRo9HO4zx88-00290-00078777-00078983 it's you've already started to make and
oRo9HO4zx88-00291-00078984-00079241 to invest in yourselves and your
oRo9HO4zx88-00292-00079242-00079436 education I'd like to offer my
oRo9HO4zx88-00293-00079437-00079583 assistance to you as you continue
oRo9HO4zx88-00294-00079584-00079736 investing in yourself
oRo9HO4zx88-00295-00079737-00079904 there are many as president sbrega said
oRo9HO4zx88-00296-00079905-00080054 there are many opportunities for you
oRo9HO4zx88-00297-00080055-00080279 here at BCC whether that be an advance
oRo9HO4zx88-00298-00080280-00080522 in a class or in pursuing a credit
oRo9HO4zx88-00299-00080523-00080771 program please feel free to reach out to
oRo9HO4zx88-00300-00080772-00081047 me I want to help you I would also like
oRo9HO4zx88-00301-00081048-00081278 to recognize as many of you have already
oRo9HO4zx88-00302-00081279-00081656 your instructors they spend lots of time
oRo9HO4zx88-00303-00081657-00081917 I know making sure that you have
oRo9HO4zx88-00304-00081918-00082040 everything that you need to be
oRo9HO4zx88-00305-00082041-00082406 successful and just like what president
oRo9HO4zx88-00306-00082407-00082547 spraga said about you being part of the
oRo9HO4zx88-00307-00082548-00082805 BCC family that doesn't go away they
oRo9HO4zx88-00308-00082806-00083024 will continue to be here for you as you
oRo9HO4zx88-00309-00083025-00083174 move on through your career and through
oRo9HO4zx88-00310-00083175-00083363 your life and I'm sure that they would
oRo9HO4zx88-00311-00083364-00083549 be very happy to keep in touch with all
oRo9HO4zx88-00312-00083550-00083743 of you as well as you do that
oRo9HO4zx88-00313-00083744-00083964 I want to recognize Wendy Sanford who
oRo9HO4zx88-00314-00083965-00084253 through a pregnancy command managed to
oRo9HO4zx88-00315-00084254-00084538 maintain an unbelievable amount of work
oRo9HO4zx88-00316-00084539-00085462 workload during that time yeah and as
oRo9HO4zx88-00317-00085463-00085627 she got closer and closer to her due
oRo9HO4zx88-00318-00085628-00085795 date she kept saying okay I think this
oRo9HO4zx88-00319-00085796-00085957 might be the last day I think this might
oRo9HO4zx88-00320-00085958-00086107 be the last day and it was like no you
oRo9HO4zx88-00321-00086108-00086347 can't here's something else to do I need
oRo9HO4zx88-00322-00086348-00086644 you so we just want to say thank you to
oRo9HO4zx88-00323-00086645-00086883 her from the rest of the staff as well
oRo9HO4zx88-00324-00086884-00087217 some things Wendy so I wish you the best
oRo9HO4zx88-00325-00087218-00087427 and again congratulations and please
oRo9HO4zx88-00326-00087428-00088287 remember enjoy this night it's for you
oRo9HO4zx88-00327-00088288-00088708 Thank You Nikki next I would like to
oRo9HO4zx88-00328-00088709-00088951 introduce a couple more students to come
oRo9HO4zx88-00329-00088952-00089317 up and speak Kendra Nicole gala if you
oRo9HO4zx88-00330-00089318-00091340 could both come up please
oRo9HO4zx88-00331-00091341-00091728 all right good evening everyone so first
oRo9HO4zx88-00332-00091729-00091881 off I want to start by saying
oRo9HO4zx88-00333-00091882-00092085 congratulations as everyone else has
oRo9HO4zx88-00334-00092086-00092286 already said to my fellow classmates for
oRo9HO4zx88-00335-00092287-00092532 making it through the program I also
oRo9HO4zx88-00336-00092533-00092733 want to give a special thank you to my
oRo9HO4zx88-00337-00092734-00092970 instructor Kim for giving up her
oRo9HO4zx88-00338-00092971-00093171 Saturdays these past three months which
oRo9HO4zx88-00339-00093172-00093525 I sure wasn't that easy and she helped
oRo9HO4zx88-00340-00093526-00093756 us get through it so as some of you know
oRo9HO4zx88-00341-00093757-00094131 I graduated two years ago from the
oRo9HO4zx88-00342-00094132-00094272 University of Vermont and it wasn't
oRo9HO4zx88-00343-00094273-00094494 until recently that I realized I wanted
oRo9HO4zx88-00344-00094495-00094719 to pursue a career in medicine and
oRo9HO4zx88-00345-00094720-00095064 that's actually what led me here to BCC
oRo9HO4zx88-00346-00095065-00095331 because I wanted to go on to physician
oRo9HO4zx88-00347-00095332-00095510 assistants school and they want some
oRo9HO4zx88-00348-00095511-00095781 previous healthcare experience so I
oRo9HO4zx88-00349-00095782-00095946 started looking around and I thought
oRo9HO4zx88-00350-00095947-00096336 okay I can be a CNA and that's what led
oRo9HO4zx88-00351-00096337-00096621 me here so if I were to be completely
oRo9HO4zx88-00352-00096622-00096879 honest I would say that I came into this
oRo9HO4zx88-00353-00096880-00097116 class without many worries I thought it
oRo9HO4zx88-00354-00097117-00097374 would be a breeze thinking that my
oRo9HO4zx88-00355-00097375-00097572 background and my experience working in
oRo9HO4zx88-00356-00097573-00097851 a hospital would make me ready for
oRo9HO4zx88-00357-00097852-00098070 whatever came my way but you know as in
oRo9HO4zx88-00358-00098071-00098298 many other instances in my life I was
oRo9HO4zx88-00359-00098299-00098516 wrong
oRo9HO4zx88-00360-00098517-00098847 the skills portion of the class and the
oRo9HO4zx88-00361-00098848-00099030 hands-on experience that we had during
oRo9HO4zx88-00362-00099031-00099267 clinical days proved sometimes
oRo9HO4zx88-00363-00099268-00099486 challenging with all the glove changes
oRo9HO4zx88-00364-00099487-00099744 privacy rules hand washes you know I've
oRo9HO4zx88-00365-00099745-00099957 gone a little crazy and I think some of
oRo9HO4zx88-00366-00099958-00100122 my classmates can probably relate to
oRo9HO4zx88-00367-00100123-00100344 that but with the guidance for my
oRo9HO4zx88-00368-00100345-00100853 instructors and I and I'm sure others
oRo9HO4zx88-00369-00100854-00101085 began to grow more confident more
oRo9HO4zx88-00370-00101086-00101229 comfortable with the responsibilities of
oRo9HO4zx88-00371-00101230-00101541 a CNA and I mean at least what I thought
oRo9HO4zx88-00372-00101542-00101820 until the first day I went to clinical
oRo9HO4zx88-00373-00101821-00102162 so all of our practice and studying came
oRo9HO4zx88-00374-00102163-00102372 to fruition when we began clinical
oRo9HO4zx88-00375-00102373-00102567 rotations and I remember walking in on
oRo9HO4zx88-00376-00102568-00102798 the first day of clinical with the Sun
oRo9HO4zx88-00377-00102799-00103074 still rising thinking to myself how the
oRo9HO4zx88-00378-00103075-00103206 heck am I gonna make it through the day
oRo9HO4zx88-00379-00103207-00103469 and I was pretty nervous I remember
oRo9HO4zx88-00380-00103470-00103634 walking down the hallway into my
oRo9HO4zx88-00381-00103635-00103886 residence room my heart pounding not
oRo9HO4zx88-00382-00103888-00104121 knowing what to expect and the first day
oRo9HO4zx88-00383-00104122-00104328 was stressful as I expected trying to
oRo9HO4zx88-00384-00104329-00104424 put what we learned in
oRo9HO4zx88-00385-00104425-00104660 the classroom to use on real patients
oRo9HO4zx88-00386-00104661-00104984 and as many of you may guess practicing
oRo9HO4zx88-00387-00104985-00105209 wheelchair transfers or brief changes on
oRo9HO4zx88-00388-00105210-00105432 someone in your class it's not really
oRo9HO4zx88-00389-00105433-00105552 the same as doing it on an elderly
oRo9HO4zx88-00390-00105553-00105906 patient but as the day moved on I began
oRo9HO4zx88-00391-00105907-00106083 to feel more at ease and really started
oRo9HO4zx88-00392-00106083-00106338 to enjoy myself and by the last day we
oRo9HO4zx88-00393-00106339-00106470 all felt like professionals
oRo9HO4zx88-00394-00106471-00106709 we had foreign special bonds their
oRo9HO4zx88-00395-00106710-00106773 residents
oRo9HO4zx88-00396-00106774-00107058 we were really sad to leave them and I
oRo9HO4zx88-00397-00107058-00107373 think my classmates really helped Gus my
oRo9HO4zx88-00398-00107374-00107532 classmates and I helped each other get
oRo9HO4zx88-00399-00107533-00107823 through the 7 a.m. to 2 p.m. shifts and
oRo9HO4zx88-00400-00107824-00107982 without them I don't think I would have
oRo9HO4zx88-00401-00107983-00108236 made it and of course with the help of
oRo9HO4zx88-00402-00108238-00108410 our instructors they were there by our
oRo9HO4zx88-00403-00108411-00108519 side to make sure we were doing
oRo9HO4zx88-00404-00108520-00108740 everything right and make sure we were
oRo9HO4zx88-00405-00108741-00109038 doing ok and I'm getting through this
oRo9HO4zx88-00406-00109039-00109206 class and working in a nursing home for
oRo9HO4zx88-00407-00109207-00109350 the first time was certainly an
oRo9HO4zx88-00408-00109351-00109610 eye-opening experience for me I truly
oRo9HO4zx88-00409-00109611-00109794 admire people like our instructors who
oRo9HO4zx88-00410-00109795-00110007 devote devote their time to helping the
oRo9HO4zx88-00411-00110008-00110271 elderly community and as I move forward
oRo9HO4zx88-00412-00110272-00110411 in my education I believe that this
oRo9HO4zx88-00413-00110413-00110666 experience will prove very beneficial
oRo9HO4zx88-00414-00110667-00110936 for me and I want to thank all the
oRo9HO4zx88-00415-00110938-00111203 instructors and Wendy once again for
oRo9HO4zx88-00416-00111204-00111414 making a wonderful and an enjoyable
oRo9HO4zx88-00417-00111415-00111681 experience and lastly I want to thank my
oRo9HO4zx88-00418-00111682-00111927 classmates for putting up with me and my
oRo9HO4zx88-00419-00111928-00112170 energy at the wee hours of the morning I
oRo9HO4zx88-00420-00112171-00113049 love you guys Thank You Nicole great job
oRo9HO4zx88-00421-00113050-00113729 now I'll introduce Kendra hi my name is
oRo9HO4zx88-00422-00113730-00114113 Kendra I really did not want to do this
oRo9HO4zx88-00423-00114114-00114416 I want to thank our instructors because
oRo9HO4zx88-00424-00114417-00114639 they really helped me learn how to do it
oRo9HO4zx88-00425-00114640-00114888 the proper way I've been helping my out
oRo9HO4zx88-00426-00114889-00115233 for a couple years um she has cancer and
oRo9HO4zx88-00427-00115233-00115572 uh I really got close to her but I made
oRo9HO4zx88-00428-00115573-00115790 it through don't know how I couldn't
oRo9HO4zx88-00429-00115791-00115952 have done it without my mother for baby
oRo9HO4zx88-00430-00115953-00116256 Saint my son and I did make very good
oRo9HO4zx88-00431-00116257-00116694 friends with a lot of classmates going
oRo9HO4zx88-00432-00116695-00116946 to clinical was really fun and I got to
oRo9HO4zx88-00433-00116947-00117093 meet a lot of different residents not
oRo9HO4zx88-00434-00117094-00117357 just the one I was assigned to I did
oRo9HO4zx88-00435-00117358-00117602 have a very close conversation with a
oRo9HO4zx88-00436-00117603-00117740 couple of them and it was really sad to
oRo9HO4zx88-00437-00117741-00117798 see
oRo9HO4zx88-00438-00117799-00117986 I was leave and they wanted us to stay
oRo9HO4zx88-00439-00117988-00118166 especially I had one lady beat me at
oRo9HO4zx88-00440-00118167-00118928 checkers but it was a great experience
oRo9HO4zx88-00441-00118929-00119135 and I am very appreciative for
oRo9HO4zx88-00442-00119136-00119298 everything that they have done for me
oRo9HO4zx88-00443-00119299-00119613 and as well as my mother I couldn't have
oRo9HO4zx88-00444-00119614-00119796 done without any of the classmates
oRo9HO4zx88-00445-00119797-00119988 either they helped me study I mean
oRo9HO4zx88-00446-00119989-00120201 Amanda we text back and forth for study
oRo9HO4zx88-00447-00120202-00120450 even test freaking out but I am very
oRo9HO4zx88-00448-00120451-00120696 grateful for meeting everybody in having
oRo9HO4zx88-00449-00120697-00120798 this great experience
oRo9HO4zx88-00450-00120799-00121916 thank you thank you Kendra and thank you
oRo9HO4zx88-00451-00121917-00122076 to all the students that came up and
oRo9HO4zx88-00452-00122077-00122435 spoke today it takes a lot of takes a
oRo9HO4zx88-00453-00122436-00122571 lot to come up here and speak in front
oRo9HO4zx88-00454-00122572-00122745 of a large group so if we could all give
oRo9HO4zx88-00455-00122746-00123752 a round of applause to all this next I
oRo9HO4zx88-00456-00123753-00123941 would like to introduce Teresa
oRo9HO4zx88-00457-00123942-00124149 romanovitch she was our associate VP of
oRo9HO4zx88-00458-00124150-00124934 the workforce well I told her I wouldn't
oRo9HO4zx88-00459-00124935-00125145 speak if I had to go after students
oRo9HO4zx88-00460-00125146-00125397 because who wants to listen to me after
oRo9HO4zx88-00461-00125398-00125638 you've heard those wonderful speeches
oRo9HO4zx88-00462-00125639-00126008 amazing you guys really really have done
oRo9HO4zx88-00463-00126009-00126391 a wonderful job complementing each other
oRo9HO4zx88-00464-00126392-00126676 complimenting your faculty members
oRo9HO4zx88-00465-00126677-00126945 complimenting your family the little
oRo9HO4zx88-00466-00126946-00127356 ones not so little ones so I'm really
oRo9HO4zx88-00467-00127357-00127620 impressed I'm proud to be here it's
oRo9HO4zx88-00468-00127621-00127863 always always fun to be at a graduation
oRo9HO4zx88-00469-00127864-00128135 but this is a special one you guys
oRo9HO4zx88-00470-00128136-00128429 really change lives you really make a
oRo9HO4zx88-00471-00128430-00128763 difference every day you come to work
oRo9HO4zx88-00472-00128764-00129038 there are people who depend on you for
oRo9HO4zx88-00473-00129039-00129266 things that they can't do anymore
oRo9HO4zx88-00474-00129267-00129468 now you might think this is blond hair
oRo9HO4zx88-00475-00129469-00129756 and I appreciate that but it's not and
oRo9HO4zx88-00476-00129757-00129993 so as I get older and I want to have
oRo9HO4zx88-00477-00129994-00130289 someone like you when I get to the point
oRo9HO4zx88-00478-00130290-00130575 when I need that I want people who care
oRo9HO4zx88-00479-00130576-00131039 who want to be PAS who want to take care
oRo9HO4zx88-00480-00131040-00131090 of
oRo9HO4zx88-00481-00131091-00131525 me who care people called you angels I
oRo9HO4zx88-00482-00131526-00131753 want somebody like that to take care of
oRo9HO4zx88-00483-00131754-00132093 me when I need that and I think that
oRo9HO4zx88-00484-00132094-00132362 what you're doing is absolutely amazing
oRo9HO4zx88-00485-00132363-00132779 because that poem that Wendy Rowe who's
oRo9HO4zx88-00486-00132780-00133071 a CNA a lot of people feel that way till
oRo9HO4zx88-00487-00133072-00133286 they need you they think it's important
oRo9HO4zx88-00488-00133287-00133562 to be a doctor but really I see my
oRo9HO4zx88-00489-00133563-00133778 doctor for five minutes when my mom
oRo9HO4zx88-00490-00133779-00134138 needed a CNA she saw her every single
oRo9HO4zx88-00491-00134139-00134516 day of the week and that was the person
oRo9HO4zx88-00492-00134517-00134711 who really made a difference in her life
oRo9HO4zx88-00493-00134712-00135084 so whatever you do never ever under met
oRo9HO4zx88-00494-00135085-00135476 estimate what you have accomplished by
oRo9HO4zx88-00495-00135477-00135759 doing this how these people have changed
oRo9HO4zx88-00496-00135760-00136095 your lives and how you now have to go
oRo9HO4zx88-00497-00136096-00136284 out there and change other people's
oRo9HO4zx88-00498-00136285-00136572 lives this is a real opportunity this
oRo9HO4zx88-00499-00136573-00136826 isn't a gift that you've been given and
oRo9HO4zx88-00500-00136827-00137046 you can just say okay I'm gonna just do
oRo9HO4zx88-00501-00137047-00137279 nothing with it you have to go out there
oRo9HO4zx88-00502-00137280-00137498 now and make a difference this is your
oRo9HO4zx88-00503-00137499-00137784 chance to change the world and it sounds
oRo9HO4zx88-00504-00137785-00137965 like from the speakers who are up here
oRo9HO4zx88-00505-00137966-00138239 that you will do that and I think that's
oRo9HO4zx88-00506-00138240-00138488 the most important thing and whatever
oRo9HO4zx88-00507-00138489-00138752 you do and however you do it make sure
oRo9HO4zx88-00508-00138753-00138998 you make a difference in someone's life
oRo9HO4zx88-00509-00138999-00139347 because it's an unbelievable feel that
oRo9HO4zx88-00510-00139348-00139613 you're in and whether people recognize
oRo9HO4zx88-00511-00139614-00139891 it all the time or not doesn't matter
oRo9HO4zx88-00512-00139892-00140228 what matters is that you know what
oRo9HO4zx88-00513-00140229-00140522 you're doing and don't stop here if you
oRo9HO4zx88-00514-00140523-00140954 have the inkling to move on we've
oRo9HO4zx88-00515-00140955-00141195 arranged it so that you can actually get
oRo9HO4zx88-00516-00141196-00141531 six college credits for what you did in
oRo9HO4zx88-00517-00141532-00141771 the CNA program so for all of you who
oRo9HO4zx88-00518-00141772-00141938 don't think you're a college student
oRo9HO4zx88-00519-00141939-00142216 with college credits guess what you are
oRo9HO4zx88-00520-00142217-00142463 so how about a big round of applause for
oRo9HO4zx88-00521-00142464-00143354 these college students congratulations
oRo9HO4zx88-00522-00143355-00143772 Thank You Terry next I would like to do
oRo9HO4zx88-00523-00143773-00143934 our presentation of certificates so
oRo9HO4zx88-00524-00143935-00144072 we're going to ask if the students if
oRo9HO4zx88-00525-00144073-00144201 you could all make your way to the
oRo9HO4zx88-00526-00144202-00144327 stairs and we'll present the
oRo9HO4zx88-00527-00144328-00144618 certificates in order you'll come across
oRo9HO4zx88-00528-00144619-00144888 and get your certificate and then your
oRo9HO4zx88-00529-00144889-00146945 instructor will be able to pin you okay
oRo9HO4zx88-00530-00146946-00147889 if when I call you up just come up
oRo9HO4zx88-00531-00147890-00148561 yeah I think yeah I just wanna make sure
oRo9HO4zx88-00532-00148562-00148711 we hand that right so to get into the
oRo9HO4zx88-00533-00148712-00149068 right our first student kendra a
oRo9HO4zx88-00534-00149069-00151746 Bronte's rochelle Almeida
oRo9HO4zx88-00535-00151747-00153592 Brittany Baron Danielle patello
oRo9HO4zx88-00536-00153593-00153896 congratulations to ya
oRo9HO4zx88-00537-00153897-00155937 Julie patello Elena bowels
oRo9HO4zx88-00538-00155938-00158840 Amanda Cabral Suzanne Cole
oRo9HO4zx88-00539-00158841-00161078 Christine copeley Janelle Kosta Taylor
oRo9HO4zx88-00541-00165155-00165986 Elizabeth de Mello we had two two males
oRo9HO4zx88-00542-00165987-00166171 the semester yeah
oRo9HO4zx88-00543-00166172-00167591 Sandra Ferreira
oRo9HO4zx88-00544-00167592-00169447 Natasha potato Nicole Gail Mary Jane
oRo9HO4zx88-00546-00173383-00174310 Erica melon
oRo9HO4zx88-00547-00174311-00176170 each page wasn't here hey Rene Navarro
oRo9HO4zx88-00548-00176171-00178213 Jeannie will that
oRo9HO4zx88-00549-00178214-00179624 Katie man loves
oRo9HO4zx88-00550-00179625-00181460 sorry Katie radiance will at barriada
oRo9HO4zx88-00553-00188728-00190507 congratulations Donna Silvia
oRo9HO4zx88-00554-00190508-00193383 Sandra soars John Souza Caruso spring
oRo9HO4zx88-00555-00193384-00195432 Jaclyn start Christy Vieira
oRo9HO4zx88-00556-00195433-00195947 I better get on up
oRo9HO4zx88-00557-00195948-00196910 Jessica finsih let Katie Washburn and
oRo9HO4zx88-00559-00201376-00202478 yes
oRo9HO4zx88-00560-00202479-00202710 round of applause for all the students
oRo9HO4zx88-00561-00202711-00203720 great job
oRo9HO4zx88-00562-00203721-00203996 I know for myself and I think I can
oRo9HO4zx88-00563-00203997-00204131 speak for the instructors these
oRo9HO4zx88-00564-00204132-00204352 graduations are so great for us as
oRo9HO4zx88-00565-00204353-00204509 instructors to see the difference that
oRo9HO4zx88-00566-00204510-00204803 you guys make every day and the smiles
oRo9HO4zx88-00567-00204804-00204923 that you're going to bring to patients
oRo9HO4zx88-00568-00204923-00205165 faces and the life that you're going to
oRo9HO4zx88-00569-00205166-00205321 bring into facilities that you're going
oRo9HO4zx88-00570-00205323-00205585 out to work it's great you guys are
oRo9HO4zx88-00571-00205586-00205757 amazing and congratulations again to all
oRo9HO4zx88-00572-00205758-00206003 of you I would like to take the time
oRo9HO4zx88-00573-00206004-00206287 right now it is Nurses Week and Teacher
oRo9HO4zx88-00574-00206288-00206509 Appreciation Week so I would like to
oRo9HO4zx88-00575-00206510-00206791 thank all of my instructors that we have
oRo9HO4zx88-00576-00206792-00207907 working for this program Suzanne parents
oRo9HO4zx88-00577-00207908-00208167 and Suzanne has done an amazing job
oRo9HO4zx88-00578-00208169-00208459 stepping in and filling in my place why
oRo9HO4zx88-00579-00208460-00208644 I've been on maternity leave so she's
oRo9HO4zx88-00580-00208646-00208746 taken out a lot of extra
oRo9HO4zx88-00581-00208748-00208917 responsibilities this semester so Thank
oRo9HO4zx88-00582-00208919-00211129 You Suzanne sue Silvia Judy and Ray Kim
oRo9HO4zx88-00583-00211130-00212067 Lord and last but not least in yellow
oRo9HO4zx88-00584-00212069-00213013 amber I can't thank these ladies enough
oRo9HO4zx88-00585-00213014-00213232 they've there first thing in the morning
oRo9HO4zx88-00586-00213233-00213436 for clinical they're emailing me at
oRo9HO4zx88-00587-00213437-00213631 night concerns that they have they are
oRo9HO4zx88-00588-00213632-00213781 there for everything they're there when
oRo9HO4zx88-00589-00213782-00213994 they're not feeling well and they're
oRo9HO4zx88-00590-00213994-00214171 just amazing amazing instructors and I
oRo9HO4zx88-00591-00214171-00214327 couldn't ask for better instructors to
oRo9HO4zx88-00592-00214328-00214462 work with that can really teach the
oRo9HO4zx88-00593-00214463-00214732 compassion and show you the compassion
oRo9HO4zx88-00594-00214733-00214923 of what needs to be a CNA as well so
oRo9HO4zx88-00595-00214925-00215046 again round of applause for our
oRo9HO4zx88-00596-00215048-00215926 wonderful instructors also I'd like to
oRo9HO4zx88-00597-00215927-00216139 thank the Adult Basic Education
oRo9HO4zx88-00598-00216140-00216391 Department and their team we've had a
oRo9HO4zx88-00599-00216392-00216541 few students that have completed the
oRo9HO4zx88-00600-00216542-00216717 program with their support and help so
oRo9HO4zx88-00601-00216719-00217582 thank you to them also I want to say a
oRo9HO4zx88-00602-00217583-00217687 big thank you to the transformation
oRo9HO4zx88-00603-00217688-00217936 agenda Kristin McKenna and ADA snow who
oRo9HO4zx88-00604-00217937-00218221 were very grateful to put together the
oRo9HO4zx88-00605-00218221-00218512 job fair for us that we had prior to the
oRo9HO4zx88-00606-00218513-00218731 ceremony tonight which was fabulous and
oRo9HO4zx88-00607-00218732-00218917 the employers were very impressed with
oRo9HO4zx88-00608-00218917-00219130 all of the CNAs so I'd like to thank
oRo9HO4zx88-00609-00219131-00219632 them for putting that together as well
oRo9HO4zx88-00610-00219633-00220082 I also would like to thank all of our
oRo9HO4zx88-00611-00220083-00220253 clinical sites we couldn't do this
oRo9HO4zx88-00612-00220254-00220413 program without having wonderful places
oRo9HO4zx88-00613-00220414-00220655 to send the students in to train like
oRo9HO4zx88-00614-00220656-00220844 the students said they practice in class
oRo9HO4zx88-00615-00220846-00221030 as you could see from the slideshow on
oRo9HO4zx88-00616-00221031-00221347 each other but it's very very different
oRo9HO4zx88-00617-00221348-00221606 practicing on your fellow classmate or
oRo9HO4zx88-00618-00221607-00221801 your parent at home or your child at
oRo9HO4zx88-00619-00221802-00222035 home and then going into a facility and
oRo9HO4zx88-00620-00222036-00222197 doing it on a real person that's telling
oRo9HO4zx88-00621-00222198-00222374 you no or doesn't want it done that way
oRo9HO4zx88-00622-00222375-00222551 or wants it done differently so we
oRo9HO4zx88-00623-00222552-00222744 couldn't do this and they couldn't be as
oRo9HO4zx88-00624-00222744-00222939 trained as they are without having the
oRo9HO4zx88-00625-00222940-00223212 support from our clinical sites so I'd
oRo9HO4zx88-00626-00223213-00223352 like to thank South Pointe
oRo9HO4zx88-00627-00223353-00223550 rehabilitation Fall River Jewish and
oRo9HO4zx88-00628-00223551-00223703 Sacred Heart nursing home that we've
oRo9HO4zx88-00629-00223704-00223874 used this semester so a big thank you to
oRo9HO4zx88-00630-00223875-00224621 those facilities as well as you can see
oRo9HO4zx88-00631-00224622-00224801 from the slideshow as students do have a
oRo9HO4zx88-00632-00224802-00225074 lot of fun why they're in class you can
oRo9HO4zx88-00633-00225075-00225240 see them trying on briefs on each other
oRo9HO4zx88-00634-00225241-00225527 and but it's all fun why we learning and
oRo9HO4zx88-00635-00225528-00225803 that's that's a lot of what they need is
oRo9HO4zx88-00636-00225804-00225966 just fun and learning at the same time
oRo9HO4zx88-00637-00225967-00226133 I'm pleased to announce that there are
oRo9HO4zx88-00638-00226134-00226271 several students here tonight that I've
oRo9HO4zx88-00639-00226272-00226448 already passed the state certification
oRo9HO4zx88-00640-00226449-00226791 exam and our CNAs as of tonight there
oRo9HO4zx88-00641-00226792-00226907 are several that will be taking it
oRo9HO4zx88-00642-00226908-00227024 within the next couple of weeks so
oRo9HO4zx88-00643-00227025-00227166 congratulations to those that have
oRo9HO4zx88-00644-00227167-00227710 passed
oRo9HO4zx88-00645-00227711-00227912 at this point we're just going to show a
oRo9HO4zx88-00646-00227913-00228098 quick video and then we'll wrap the
oRo9HO4zx88-00647-00228098-00228911 program up it's just going to be one
oRo9HO4zx88-00648-00228912-00230104 minute
oRo9HO4zx88-00649-00230105-00230281 even when I was in the military when
oRo9HO4zx88-00650-00230282-00230446 people got hurt I was always a person
oRo9HO4zx88-00651-00230446-00230665 they gave the doctor out check this out
oRo9HO4zx88-00652-00230666-00230860 and I was always right there with my
oRo9HO4zx88-00653-00230861-00231055 nose in it which is what interested me
oRo9HO4zx88-00654-00231056-00231328 in taking seen a program was see my
oRo9HO4zx88-00655-00231329-00231705 parents go to hospitals having nurses
oRo9HO4zx88-00656-00231706-00231931 basically not talking about before they
oRo9HO4zx88-00657-00231932-00232071 answered my father got sick a couple
oRo9HO4zx88-00658-00232073-00232273 years ago and I took care of them and
oRo9HO4zx88-00659-00232273-00232561 not I didn't feel I was doing it
oRo9HO4zx88-00660-00232562-00232771 properly I was doing as best I could and
oRo9HO4zx88-00661-00232771-00233101 then my sister she's an RN a buddy of
oRo9HO4zx88-00662-00233102-00233319 mine who I went to work with there for a
oRo9HO4zx88-00663-00233321-00233667 few years he became an RN I figured why
oRo9HO4zx88-00664-00233669-00233896 not get involved with the CNA you know
oRo9HO4zx88-00665-00233896-00234100 for the cost of the class I can decide
oRo9HO4zx88-00666-00234101-00234286 whether I want to go any further with it
oRo9HO4zx88-00667-00234287-00234607 and and now any other of my relatives in
oRo9HO4zx88-00668-00234608-00234769 the future will get better care if
oRo9HO4zx88-00669-00234769-00234976 nothing else comes out of there oh it's
oRo9HO4zx88-00670-00234977-00235177 been great this is something completely
oRo9HO4zx88-00671-00235178-00235357 new to me I'm going outside working
oRo9HO4zx88-00672-00235358-00235692 what's equipment or working with people
oRo9HO4zx88-00673-00235694-00235867 I have never done anything with people
oRo9HO4zx88-00674-00235867-00236086 but sue being the instructor she's been
oRo9HO4zx88-00675-00236087-00236298 very informative answered all the
oRo9HO4zx88-00676-00236300-00236554 questions that need to be answered very
oRo9HO4zx88-00677-00236555-00236764 easy just to come usually I don't have
oRo9HO4zx88-00678-00236765-00237019 to make a big commute and just driving
oRo9HO4zx88-00679-00237019-00237187 because I live about 15 minutes from
oRo9HO4zx88-00680-00237188-00237364 here so quite unique me to get here I
oRo9HO4zx88-00681-00237365-00237604 would recommend to all the people simply
oRo9HO4zx88-00682-00237605-00237931 it's very hands-on instructor is already
oRo9HO4zx88-00683-00237932-00238210 and you have a sense of like belonging
oRo9HO4zx88-00684-00238211-00238489 in a different scale a whole lot better
oRo9HO4zx88-00685-00238490-00238636 just knowing the instructors are
oRo9HO4zx88-00686-00238637-00238885 teaching you will one of them finishes
oRo9HO4zx88-00687-00238886-00239089 here at PCC I hope to get a Govan even
oRo9HO4zx88-00688-00239090-00239428 at and a nursing facility or a home
oRo9HO4zx88-00689-00239429-00239488 health aide
oRo9HO4zx88-00690-00239489-00239796 if I can get in a program for example at
oRo9HO4zx88-00691-00239798-00240013 the VA I'm a veteran if I can get in a
oRo9HO4zx88-00692-00240014-00240319 program their words an in-house program
oRo9HO4zx88-00693-00240319-00240498 where you advance up the LPN and our
oRo9HO4zx88-00694-00240500-00240859 Iran right inside the facility Doug be
oRo9HO4zx88-00695-00240860-00241071 something I'd be interested in if not
oRo9HO4zx88-00696-00241073-00241240 I'm just going to go to school full-time
oRo9HO4zx88-00697-00241241-00241537 well the best thing is that we win and
oRo9HO4zx88-00698-00241538-00241744 if I get a job right away in this field
oRo9HO4zx88-00699-00241744-00241891 I'll be actually helping people who need
oRo9HO4zx88-00700-00241892-00242271 it I'm just not helping people get rich
oRo9HO4zx88-00701-00242273-00242515 who are already rich by providing skills
oRo9HO4zx88-00702-00242516-00242778 I'm actually helping people who need it
oRo9HO4zx88-00703-00242779-00243060 for more information contact the bcc
oRo9HO4zx88-00704-00243061-00243444 workforce education institute at 774 357
oRo9HO4zx88-00705-00243446-00244096 in phone service some of our former
oRo9HO4zx88-00706-00244096-00244284 students that have completed and are out
oRo9HO4zx88-00707-00244285-00244569 in the working field so just to close
oRo9HO4zx88-00708-00244571-00244698 the program I just want to reiterate
oRo9HO4zx88-00709-00244700-00244930 with everybody outside once you join BCC
oRo9HO4zx88-00710-00244931-00245167 you are part of our BCC family so
oRo9HO4zx88-00711-00245167-00245341 continue to come please speak of your
oRo9HO4zx88-00712-00245342-00245575 experience here at BCC be proud to say
oRo9HO4zx88-00713-00245576-00245905 that I am a bcc graduate education is a
oRo9HO4zx88-00714-00245906-00246100 never ending process you've just began
oRo9HO4zx88-00715-00246101-00246316 continue to strive for what you would
oRo9HO4zx88-00716-00246317-00246556 like and give yourself the leading edge
oRo9HO4zx88-00717-00246557-00246664 in the health care field
oRo9HO4zx88-00718-00246665-00246856 you all have what's necessary to
oRo9HO4zx88-00719-00246857-00247281 continue your education again I want to
oRo9HO4zx88-00720-00247282-00247462 thank the instructors we're very blessed
oRo9HO4zx88-00721-00247463-00247603 to have them all and we couldn't do this
oRo9HO4zx88-00722-00247604-00247804 without them
oRo9HO4zx88-00723-00247805-00247992 you are now the nuts and bolts of any
oRo9HO4zx88-00724-00247994-00248248 health care facility be proud to say
oRo9HO4zx88-00725-00248248-00248592 that you are a CNA remember to hold your
oRo9HO4zx88-00726-00248594-00248854 head up high always and again myself and
oRo9HO4zx88-00727-00248855-00248992 the staff at the Center for workforce
oRo9HO4zx88-00728-00248992-00249234 would like to congratulate you and wish
oRo9HO4zx88-00729-00249235-00249490 you success in all you do I have two
oRo9HO4zx88-00730-00249491-00249696 quotes to close the program with the
oRo9HO4zx88-00731-00249698-00249885 first is a quote by dr. Seuss
oRo9HO4zx88-00732-00249886-00250150 you have brains in your head you have
oRo9HO4zx88-00733-00250151-00250354 feet in your shoes you can steer
oRo9HO4zx88-00734-00250355-00250590 yourself in any direction you choose
oRo9HO4zx88-00735-00250591-00250852 you're on your own and you know what you
oRo9HO4zx88-00736-00250853-00251094 know you are the guy who decide where to
oRo9HO4zx88-00737-00251096-00251455 go and the second one is I hope your
oRo9HO4zx88-00738-00251456-00251619 dreams take you to the corners of your
oRo9HO4zx88-00739-00251621-00251914 smiles to the highest of your hopes to
oRo9HO4zx88-00740-00251915-00252103 the windows of your opportunities into
oRo9HO4zx88-00741-00252104-00252265 the most special places your heart has
oRo9HO4zx88-00742-00252266-00252505 ever known so if we could have all the
oRo9HO4zx88-00743-00252506-00252669 graduates stand one more time for
oRo9HO4zx88-00744-00252671-00253112 congratulations
oRo9HO4zx88-00745-00253113-00254459 I love those smiles and thank you
oRo9HO4zx88-00746-00254460-00254657 everybody for coming and we'd like to
oRo9HO4zx88-00747-00254658-00254828 welcome you to have some cake and
oRo9HO4zx88-00748-00254829-00255077 refreshments out in the foyer area out
oRo9HO4zx88-00749-00255078-00255275 there after the ceremony and thank you
oRo9HO4zx88-00750-00255276-00255500 again