iTlTxFComE4-00000-00000000-00000167 have any foreign weapons or no it's just
iTlTxFComE4-00001-00000168-00000665 missing switch if those two of them boil
iTlTxFComE4-00002-00000666-00001274 the auto engage Royal Orchid okay am i
iTlTxFComE4-00003-00001275-00002377 bringing hello but again that you find
iTlTxFComE4-00004-00002378-00002765 each other were you mad they are swap I
iTlTxFComE4-00005-00002766-00003217 can't wait here by my bringing take
iTlTxFComE4-00006-00003218-00003575 knotch fall number three no no I yanked
iTlTxFComE4-00007-00003576-00003913 a model as well well whatever it does
iTlTxFComE4-00008-00003914-00004019 you could hope to have
iTlTxFComE4-00009-00004020-00004178 I don't wait how do I select your target
iTlTxFComE4-00010-00004179-00004342 do I just click on it oh there we go
iTlTxFComE4-00011-00004343-00004963 missiles away here we go baby
iTlTxFComE4-00012-00004964-00005693 targeted
iTlTxFComE4-00013-00005694-00005925 oh you don't who you want me nothing
iTlTxFComE4-00014-00005926-00006270 although number two number four tell me
iTlTxFComE4-00015-00006271-00006659 before number two which one karna yeah
iTlTxFComE4-00016-00006659-00007152 which one let you die just slob I can't
iTlTxFComE4-00017-00007153-00007356 tell you my diet busy you have to figure
iTlTxFComE4-00018-00007356-00007742 it out for yourself making the court one
iTlTxFComE4-00019-00007743-00008706 this was the way again
iTlTxFComE4-00020-00008707-00009336 taxes
iTlTxFComE4-00021-00009337-00009989 that today
iTlTxFComE4-00022-00009990-00010349 all of them all this shoots are not
iTlTxFComE4-00023-00010350-00010496 happy to shoot of God the shields are
iTlTxFComE4-00024-00010497-00010961 done
iTlTxFComE4-00025-00010962-00011276 your shoes I've gone kaput some others
iTlTxFComE4-00026-00011277-00011987 baby people gonna bite you oh this is so
iTlTxFComE4-00027-00011988-00012634 beautiful
iTlTxFComE4-00028-00012635-00012977 my railguns on occasion go with what
iTlTxFComE4-00029-00012978-00013272 like that mag cozy country turned on
iTlTxFComE4-00030-00013272-00013647 we haven't touched it energy shields yet
iTlTxFComE4-00031-00013649-00013984 I saw to help I'd read there's none
iTlTxFComE4-00032-00013985-00014519 I just look like we're doing damage
iTlTxFComE4-00033-00014519-00014909 I'm closing
iTlTxFComE4-00034-00014910-00015107 Oh
iTlTxFComE4-00035-00015108-00015346 I'm inside to shoot diamond touch
iTlTxFComE4-00037-00019805-00020835 he's trying to run
iTlTxFComE4-00038-00020836-00022243 it is like what in the hell
iTlTxFComE4-00039-00022244-00023147 thumb drive is on
iTlTxFComE4-00040-00023148-00023583 I can't stop here my head
iTlTxFComE4-00041-00023584-00023794 by Elma girl have you broken through the
iTlTxFComE4-00042-00023795-00024075 shield's now have you broken to the
iTlTxFComE4-00043-00024076-00024679 shield shirt
iTlTxFComE4-00044-00024680-00025136 very background
iTlTxFComE4-00045-00025137-00025394 well I can't help you right now I'm busy
iTlTxFComE4-00046-00025395-00025662 well Matt no look at a spicy beef oh god
iTlTxFComE4-00047-00025663-00025784 bill it's going great
iTlTxFComE4-00048-00025785-00027045 that's actually that is
iTlTxFComE4-00050-00031662-00031795 have you broken through their shields
iTlTxFComE4-00051-00031797-00032276 yet I'm seeing your reputation problem
iTlTxFComE4-00052-00032277-00032723 oh one for the meters away oh yeah man
iTlTxFComE4-00053-00032724-00032968 yeah we definitely put a shield a while
iTlTxFComE4-00054-00032969-00033848 ago oh no oh yeah I'm assuming in under
iTlTxFComE4-00055-00033849-00034180 stuff one of church's just oh god it's
iTlTxFComE4-00056-00034181-00034680 just done
iTlTxFComE4-00057-00034681-00034883 searching target to the devastation
iTlTxFComE4-00058-00034884-00035078 paying expert
iTlTxFComE4-00059-00035079-00035625 the other like that
iTlTxFComE4-00060-00035626-00036003 this is a degree me pull terrorists so
iTlTxFComE4-00061-00036004-00036618 much black guns are going to now
iTlTxFComE4-00062-00036619-00037121 hello people that's their cat not that
iTlTxFComE4-00063-00037122-00037985 is a lame astronaut I have to wait we
iTlTxFComE4-00064-00037986-00038247 have infinite
iTlTxFComE4-00065-00038248-00038529 don't have here but it was fun I mean
iTlTxFComE4-00066-00038530-00038829 like yeah
iTlTxFComE4-00067-00038830-00039187 [Music]
iTlTxFComE4-00068-00039188-00039752 don't grab them what have you done
iTlTxFComE4-00069-00039753-00040099 there's no computer and look away
iTlTxFComE4-00070-00040100-00040291 what the [__] is happening
iTlTxFComE4-00071-00040292-00041076 [Music]
iTlTxFComE4-00072-00041077-00041315 but my black shirts aren't engaging for
iTlTxFComE4-00073-00041316-00041555 some reason
iTlTxFComE4-00074-00041556-00041774 like mckenna in general are not engaging
iTlTxFComE4-00075-00041775-00041946 and i don't know why
iTlTxFComE4-00076-00041947-00042870 oh are you talking to
iTlTxFComE4-00077-00042871-00043596 okay let me check our
iTlTxFComE4-00078-00043597-00043857 specimen
iTlTxFComE4-00079-00043858-00044749 we put beer
iTlTxFComE4-00080-00044750-00045049 madam good cutter smart I think to cut
iTlTxFComE4-00081-00045050-00045253 they're threatening on no they're
iTlTxFComE4-00082-00045254-00046564 shooting
iTlTxFComE4-00083-00046565-00047104 oh they're claiming we're allies we're
iTlTxFComE4-00084-00047105-00047371 never allies I don't know what your say
iTlTxFComE4-00085-00047372-00048124 no well we kinda are actually no we
iTlTxFComE4-00086-00048125-00048667 what's that giant floating thing
iTlTxFComE4-00087-00048668-00049077 ah not taking screenshots
iTlTxFComE4-00088-00049078-00050621 select
iTlTxFComE4-00089-00050622-00051061 [Music]
iTlTxFComE4-00090-00051062-00051870 Oh what just set the drill gun round
iTlTxFComE4-00091-00051871-00052189 Ranger to tread on exploded it's not
iTlTxFComE4-00092-00052190-00052525 having a good time now
iTlTxFComE4-00093-00052526-00052865 Albert and how about a little more
iTlTxFComE4-00094-00052866-00053315 [Music]
iTlTxFComE4-00095-00053316-00053638 I know there's there's this new heavy
iTlTxFComE4-00096-00053639-00054192 there's new turbo armor
iTlTxFComE4-00097-00054194-00054629 there's alloy armored walks
iTlTxFComE4-00098-00054630-00055459 I know every miner
iTlTxFComE4-00099-00055460-00056473 [Music]
iTlTxFComE4-00100-00056474-00057003 [Music]
iTlTxFComE4-00101-00057004-00057837 well I tried it
iTlTxFComE4-00102-00057838-00058062 that's awesome how to me vultures glow
iTlTxFComE4-00103-00058063-00058417 red
iTlTxFComE4-00104-00058419-00058748 yes that's kind of a cool addition that
iTlTxFComE4-00105-00058749-00059284 is an awesome Hey oh that's pretty
iTlTxFComE4-00106-00059285-00059522 aah you doing here
iTlTxFComE4-00107-00059523-00059909 really boy I don't see any tree was a
iTlTxFComE4-00108-00059910-00060110 white thing there what the white thing I
iTlTxFComE4-00109-00060111-00060292 don't know why but I [__] with my
iTlTxFComE4-00110-00060294-00060716 [__] put a witness both of my I'm gonna
iTlTxFComE4-00111-00060716-00061765 take a nice I would take a windy walk
iTlTxFComE4-00112-00061766-00062529 I like own I knew they built this entire
iTlTxFComE4-00113-00062530-00063416 thing out of the potato Arbor I'm sorry
iTlTxFComE4-00114-00063417-00063741 give it a fit in love don't let them
iTlTxFComE4-00115-00063742-00064164 recover it
iTlTxFComE4-00116-00064165-00064366 we love like
iTlTxFComE4-00117-00064367-00064846 there we go there we go
iTlTxFComE4-00118-00064847-00065041 all right so this whole takes we got a
iTlTxFComE4-00119-00065042-00065204 light Arthur is there she'll jet stole
iTlTxFComE4-00120-00065204-00065371 mine is that why they still have
iTlTxFComE4-00121-00065372-00065696 something left I know that means MEP can
iTlTxFComE4-00122-00065697-00065807 go closer
iTlTxFComE4-00123-00065808-00066074 did I just like smash this please no
iTlTxFComE4-00124-00066075-00066737 you're not ramming Oh God being in there
iTlTxFComE4-00125-00066738-00066911 well that stuff is shooting is kind of
iTlTxFComE4-00126-00066912-00067542 terrifying
iTlTxFComE4-00127-00067543-00068442 we could take this back and relive no
iTlTxFComE4-00128-00068443-00068583 it's not it's not actually made out of
iTlTxFComE4-00129-00068584-00069029 the potato over here right now
iTlTxFComE4-00130-00069030-00069545 connection oh did you close the server
iTlTxFComE4-00131-00069546-00070329 no you [__] rage quit they're not the
iTlTxFComE4-00132-00070330-00070500 admin slob they can't close the server
iTlTxFComE4-00133-00070501-00072321 we either crashed it yeah cuz we shot
iTlTxFComE4-00134-00072322-00072657 them so hard to died Oh
iTmGrq1J2XU-00000-00000166-00000751 yarrow stands 5th letter dear Sofia your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00001-00000752-00000968 letter arrived yesterday Myrna and I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00002-00000969-00001118 both read it before sitting down to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00003-00001119-00001295 supper Yara had prepared for us
iTmGrq1J2XU-00004-00001296-00001568 Yara was annoyed after the way she
iTmGrq1J2XU-00005-00001569-00001748 insulted you last time I wouldn't think
iTmGrq1J2XU-00006-00001748-00001916 you'd skip supper to read another one of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00007-00001917-00002218 her letters Myrna told Yara it's a very
iTmGrq1J2XU-00008-00002219-00002447 moving letter Yara you and Sofia have a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00009-00002448-00002789 lot in common I felt this too for the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00010-00002790-00002924 first time since the beginning of our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00011-00002925-00003100 correspondence I was able to recognize
iTmGrq1J2XU-00012-00003101-00003401 myself in you this isn't only because
iTmGrq1J2XU-00013-00003402-00003611 you used my arguments or xenix
iTmGrq1J2XU-00014-00003611-00003743 in your quarrel with your friend daemon
iTmGrq1J2XU-00015-00003744-00003968 but because your letter made me aware of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00016-00003969-00004156 similarities in our experiences and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00017-00004157-00004433 outlooks I now feel I should apologize
iTmGrq1J2XU-00018-00004434-00004577 for the way I treated your earlier
iTmGrq1J2XU-00019-00004578-00004793 letters I did treat you as an outsider
iTmGrq1J2XU-00020-00004794-00004997 as a person with whom I couldn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-00021-00004998-00005188 communicate about my present situation I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00022-00005189-00005572 was wrong during supper last night miRNA
iTmGrq1J2XU-00023-00005573-00005822 commented Sofia is a born troublemaker
iTmGrq1J2XU-00024-00005823-00006070 just like Yan and Yara she shares Yuans
iTmGrq1J2XU-00025-00006071-00006259 recklessness as well as his courage I'm
iTmGrq1J2XU-00026-00006260-00006454 glad for her sake that she was taken
iTmGrq1J2XU-00027-00006455-00006623 away from here even if her emigration
iTmGrq1J2XU-00028-00006623-00006848 caused her some pain there's no room
iTmGrq1J2XU-00029-00006848-00007058 here for people like that if she'd
iTmGrq1J2XU-00030-00007059-00007223 stayed she would have disappeared years
iTmGrq1J2XU-00031-00007223-00007459 ago in a prison or concentration camp
iTmGrq1J2XU-00032-00007459-00007735 Myrna loved her reckless brother and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00033-00007736-00007895 she's very proud of Yara's rebellious
iTmGrq1J2XU-00034-00007895-00008071 nests your letter convinced me that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00035-00008072-00008299 Myrna is right if you'd stayed here you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00036-00008300-00008438 could well have followed a path very
iTmGrq1J2XU-00037-00008439-00008669 similar to Yuans and you're right you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00038-00008670-00008852 certainly wouldn't have occupied the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00039-00008853-00009038 quote place I assigned to you in my
iTmGrq1J2XU-00040-00009039-00009287 earlier letters the tenacity with which
iTmGrq1J2XU-00041-00009288-00009491 you pursue your struggle even in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00042-00009492-00009685 face of certain repression is something
iTmGrq1J2XU-00043-00009686-00009881 you share with young not with people we
iTmGrq1J2XU-00044-00009882-00010145 both consider opportunists your recent
iTmGrq1J2XU-00045-00010146-00010298 confrontation with the administrative
iTmGrq1J2XU-00046-00010299-00010460 psychologist at your college your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00047-00010461-00010621 exposures of militarism during your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00048-00010622-00010838 university years your disruption of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00049-00010839-00011069 war experts class are clearly not
iTmGrq1J2XU-00050-00011070-00011270 opportunistic acts and you make it
iTmGrq1J2XU-00051-00011271-00011423 perfectly clear to me that you couldn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-00052-00011424-00011576 have derived any privileges from
iTmGrq1J2XU-00053-00011577-00011831 engaging in those acts you're right when
iTmGrq1J2XU-00054-00011832-00011978 you accuse me of failing to distinguish
iTmGrq1J2XU-00055-00011979-00012134 your commitment from the commitments of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00056-00012135-00012341 those around you I did accuse you of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00057-00012342-00012494 being a carrier of the repressive
iTmGrq1J2XU-00058-00012495-00012662 functions of the University and the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00059-00012663-00012851 press and I recognized that this
iTmGrq1J2XU-00060-00012852-00013160 accusation was unfair I did identify
iTmGrq1J2XU-00061-00013161-00013358 your engagements with engagements
iTmGrq1J2XU-00062-00013359-00013628 as unacceptable to you as they are to me
iTmGrq1J2XU-00063-00013629-00013922 I did think this because the contexts in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00064-00013922-00014063 which you've chosen to struggle are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00065-00014063-00014233 contexts in which I thought genuine
iTmGrq1J2XU-00066-00014234-00014510 rebellion impossible in my world the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00067-00014511-00014683 political militant the journalists and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00068-00014684-00014780 academia
iTmGrq1J2XU-00069-00014781-00015032 do not and cannot help establish a human
iTmGrq1J2XU-00070-00015033-00015175 community because their very existence
iTmGrq1J2XU-00071-00015176-00015391 presupposes the absence of community
iTmGrq1J2XU-00072-00015393-00015688 this must be true in your wall to tina
iTmGrq1J2XU-00073-00015690-00015860 expressed it very colorfully when
iTmGrq1J2XU-00074-00015861-00016052 standing in the street she shouted at
iTmGrq1J2XU-00075-00016053-00016247 daemon that his cushy job depended on
iTmGrq1J2XU-00076-00016247-00016397 the passivity of the rest of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00077-00016398-00016667 population you've convinced me that your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00078-00016668-00016862 engagement in Damon's activity or in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00079-00016863-00017024 mark Lavigne and merit Berenices
iTmGrq1J2XU-00080-00017025-00017225 activities doesn't make you like them
iTmGrq1J2XU-00081-00017226-00017417 and that your engagement was quote some
iTmGrq1J2XU-00082-00017418-00017603 kind of affirmation of life as you put
iTmGrq1J2XU-00083-00017604-00017789 it but you haven't convinced me that the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00084-00017790-00017915 kind of struggle you've waged is
iTmGrq1J2XU-00085-00017916-00018083 actually possible in the context in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00086-00018084-00018299 which you fought it every one of your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00087-00018300-00018467 experiences convinced me that the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00088-00018468-00018635 instruments you chose are useless for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00089-00018636-00018785 the kinds of ends you try to make them
iTmGrq1J2XU-00090-00018786-00018965 serve you were trying to fight for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00091-00018966-00019124 liberation with the Society's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00092-00019125-00019328 instruments of domination I think this
iTmGrq1J2XU-00093-00019329-00019486 is why you always remained an outsider
iTmGrq1J2XU-00094-00019487-00019681 while those alongside you became priests
iTmGrq1J2XU-00095-00019682-00019937 of political sects missionaries of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00096-00019938-00020105 oppressive religions and officials in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00097-00020106-00020362 government bureaucracies in my earlier
iTmGrq1J2XU-00098-00020363-00020503 letters I fail to distinguish you from
iTmGrq1J2XU-00099-00020504-00020693 your context and my understanding of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00100-00020694-00020836 your activities was very one-sided
iTmGrq1J2XU-00101-00020837-00021092 you're right to emphasize the side I had
iTmGrq1J2XU-00102-00021093-00021236 excluded and you do force me to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00103-00021237-00021467 recognize my narrow mindedness but I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00104-00021468-00021631 think you still leave some veils hanging
iTmGrq1J2XU-00105-00021632-00021818 you still hide some parts of the picture
iTmGrq1J2XU-00106-00021819-00022115 I see the picture in a new light now but
iTmGrq1J2XU-00107-00022116-00022228 I still don't see an altogether
iTmGrq1J2XU-00108-00022229-00022378 different picture from the one I saw
iTmGrq1J2XU-00109-00022379-00022603 before I now see that your own goals
iTmGrq1J2XU-00110-00022604-00022750 were not repressive but I'm still
iTmGrq1J2XU-00111-00022751-00022906 convinced that the context in which you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00112-00022907-00023111 fought for those goals was repressive in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00113-00023112-00023359 order to combat my one-sidedness you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00114-00023360-00023512 have a course two arguments that are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00115-00023513-00023740 equally one-sided you pretend that the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00116-00023741-00023878 context in which you located your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00117-00023879-00024071 struggles were accidental and that your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00118-00024072-00024265 own activities quote had nothing to do
iTmGrq1J2XU-00119-00024266-00024503 with those contexts I think you're wrong
iTmGrq1J2XU-00120-00024504-00024715 I think your activities were reduced to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00121-00024716-00024925 nothing by those contexts I think it's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00122-00024926-00025064 no accident that the agitation 'el
iTmGrq1J2XU-00123-00025065-00025250 activity at the carton plant 20 years
iTmGrq1J2XU-00124-00025251-00025444 ago served Vera and Marc as a stepping
iTmGrq1J2XU-00125-00025445-00025580 stone towards the establishment of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00126-00025581-00025787 bureaucratic careers I think it's no
iTmGrq1J2XU-00127-00025788-00025945 accident that your co-worker on the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00128-00025947-00026081 University newspaper is now a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00129-00026082-00026215 functionary in the ideological
iTmGrq1J2XU-00130-00026216-00026444 establishment nor that the students who
iTmGrq1J2XU-00131-00026445-00026590 are simulated by the example of your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00132-00026591-00026732 journalistic activities
iTmGrq1J2XU-00133-00026733-00026968 Kame politicians the context in which
iTmGrq1J2XU-00134-00026969-00027230 you saw a project and a community our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00135-00027231-00027415 institutions which thrive on the absence
iTmGrq1J2XU-00136-00027416-00027608 of what you saw and you couldn't have
iTmGrq1J2XU-00137-00027608-00027764 been anything more than an outsider
iTmGrq1J2XU-00138-00027764-00028001 there I'll try to clarify what I mean by
iTmGrq1J2XU-00139-00028002-00028154 telling you about my recent encounter
iTmGrq1J2XU-00140-00028155-00028393 with two of our one-time friends last
iTmGrq1J2XU-00141-00028394-00028583 Saturday Jasna and I attended a lecture
iTmGrq1J2XU-00142-00028583-00028768 in the auditorium of the house of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00143-00028769-00029014 Culture the speakers were Varrick Rena
iTmGrq1J2XU-00144-00029015-00029227 and Adri impoverish in their speeches
iTmGrq1J2XU-00145-00029228-00029368 were critical exposures of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00146-00029369-00029527 repression we've undergone during the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00147-00029528-00029770 past 20 years in terms of their words
iTmGrq1J2XU-00148-00029771-00029977 alone Vera and Adrian couldn't have been
iTmGrq1J2XU-00149-00029978-00030164 very different from you at the time when
iTmGrq1J2XU-00150-00030164-00030317 you expose the militarization of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00151-00030318-00030452 university on the school's newspaper
iTmGrq1J2XU-00152-00030452-00030727 staff they sounded like rebels even
iTmGrq1J2XU-00153-00030727-00030980 revolutionaries but in terms of their
iTmGrq1J2XU-00154-00030981-00031186 relations to those around them in terms
iTmGrq1J2XU-00155-00031187-00031402 of the context in which they spoke they
iTmGrq1J2XU-00156-00031403-00031535 are not rebels but political
iTmGrq1J2XU-00157-00031536-00031780 opportunists I agree with you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00158-00031781-00031936 the similarity of their activity to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00159-00031937-00032174 yours does not make you one of them but
iTmGrq1J2XU-00160-00032175-00032417 I don't agree that the context is or can
iTmGrq1J2XU-00161-00032418-00032602 be as hospitable to your goals as to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00162-00032603-00032639 theirs
iTmGrq1J2XU-00163-00032639-00032864 you seem convinced that speaker's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00164-00032865-00033064 platforms newspapers and pedagogical
iTmGrq1J2XU-00165-00033065-00033283 institutions can be serviceable to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00166-00033284-00033502 struggle for freedom I'm convinced of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00167-00033503-00033736 the opposite I think such contexts are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00168-00033737-00033940 antithetical to your goals and hostile
iTmGrq1J2XU-00169-00033941-00034142 to your struggle and by engaging in them
iTmGrq1J2XU-00170-00034143-00034330 you merely strengthen forces whose very
iTmGrq1J2XU-00171-00034331-00034574 existence negates your project and your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00172-00034575-00034823 community maybe I'm being unfair again
iTmGrq1J2XU-00173-00034824-00035026 if so I hope you'll show me where I'm
iTmGrq1J2XU-00174-00035027-00035239 wrong I'll try to express my doubts as
iTmGrq1J2XU-00175-00035240-00035420 clearly as I can even at the risk of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00176-00035421-00035587 being unfair and overstating my case
iTmGrq1J2XU-00177-00035588-00035861 again if I do get carried away by my
iTmGrq1J2XU-00178-00035862-00036043 rhetoric once again I hope you'll
iTmGrq1J2XU-00179-00036044-00036185 understand that it's not because I feel
iTmGrq1J2XU-00180-00036186-00036346 that everything you stand for is alien
iTmGrq1J2XU-00181-00036347-00036568 to me on the contrary I'm not addressing
iTmGrq1J2XU-00182-00036569-00036751 my comments to a stranger but to a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00183-00036752-00036940 comrade and it seems to me that such
iTmGrq1J2XU-00184-00036941-00037118 critical appreciation is not an
iTmGrq1J2XU-00185-00037119-00037292 expression of hostility but it's at the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00186-00037293-00037454 very basis of communication and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00187-00037455-00037832 friendship last Friday Jasna walked Yara
iTmGrq1J2XU-00188-00037833-00037976 home from school and waited for me to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00189-00037977-00038198 return from work she told me Vera and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00190-00038199-00038320 Adrian were scheduled to speak the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00191-00038321-00038455 following night and she was quite
iTmGrq1J2XU-00192-00038456-00038693 excited about it she hadn't seen Adrian
iTmGrq1J2XU-00193-00038694-00038849 since she'd visited him three years ago
iTmGrq1J2XU-00194-00038850-00039029 in his empty office in the trade union
iTmGrq1J2XU-00195-00039030-00039239 building and the last time she saw Vera
iTmGrq1J2XU-00196-00039240-00039340 was 12 years ago
iTmGrq1J2XU-00197-00039341-00039490 on the day when all three of them were
iTmGrq1J2XU-00198-00039491-00039680 arrested at Jasna house and accused of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00199-00039681-00039937 having contact with a foreign spy I did
iTmGrq1J2XU-00200-00039938-00040085 remember to ask Jasna if she could
iTmGrq1J2XU-00201-00040086-00040109 answer
iTmGrq1J2XU-00202-00040110-00040289 Sabinas question about the last name the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00203-00040290-00040469 police attributed to you and Louisa when
iTmGrq1J2XU-00204-00040470-00040616 they questioned her about her former
iTmGrq1J2XU-00205-00040617-00040829 acquaintances but Jasna didn't remember
iTmGrq1J2XU-00206-00040830-00041030 the name I didn't share any of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00207-00041031-00041237 asanas enthusiasm about the project of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00208-00041238-00041339 seeing Adrian and Vera
iTmGrq1J2XU-00209-00041340-00041552 in fact I refused to accompany her to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00210-00041553-00041699 the lecture when she first mentioned it
iTmGrq1J2XU-00211-00041700-00041903 I told her that if two politicians ever
iTmGrq1J2XU-00212-00041904-00042068 came to the carton plant to lecture to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00213-00042069-00042167 me during work hours
iTmGrq1J2XU-00214-00042168-00042428 I'd walk off my job so that obviously I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00215-00042429-00042596 wasn't just supposed to go out of my way
iTmGrq1J2XU-00216-00042597-00042839 to hear the politicians yes I said she
iTmGrq1J2XU-00217-00042840-00042971 wasn't going because of her interest in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00218-00042972-00043130 political speeches but because these
iTmGrq1J2XU-00219-00043131-00043403 speakers had once been her friends if my
iTmGrq1J2XU-00220-00043404-00043553 correspondence with you hadn't revived
iTmGrq1J2XU-00221-00043554-00043730 my memories of a distant past
iTmGrq1J2XU-00222-00043731-00043898 I doubt if I'd still remember that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00223-00043899-00044078 Adriane poverty inand Barak Rena had
iTmGrq1J2XU-00224-00044079-00044294 once been my friends but I did remember
iTmGrq1J2XU-00225-00044295-00044489 this bizarre fact and I changed my mind
iTmGrq1J2XU-00226-00044490-00044711 not so much because I wanted to see or
iTmGrq1J2XU-00227-00044712-00044954 hear Adrian or Vera but because of you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00228-00044955-00045146 because they've come to occupy such an
iTmGrq1J2XU-00229-00045147-00045398 important place in your life the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00230-00045399-00045623 auditorium was almost empty the audience
iTmGrq1J2XU-00231-00045624-00045764 consisted mainly of young people
iTmGrq1J2XU-00232-00045765-00045980 probably students although there may
iTmGrq1J2XU-00233-00045981-00046147 have been a few young workers among them
iTmGrq1J2XU-00234-00046148-00046409 Vera Khurana was introduced first along
iTmGrq1J2XU-00235-00046410-00046634 with all her titles on a honourable
iTmGrq1J2XU-00236-00046635-00046862 rector honourable member honourable
iTmGrq1J2XU-00237-00046863-00047075 deputy minister there was a little
iTmGrq1J2XU-00238-00047076-00047330 applause she spoke very eloquently about
iTmGrq1J2XU-00239-00047331-00047525 what she called the quote errors which
iTmGrq1J2XU-00240-00047526-00047690 had been committed here during quote
iTmGrq1J2XU-00241-00047691-00047933 recent years she was applauded when she
iTmGrq1J2XU-00242-00047934-00048116 said that those errors and shortcomings
iTmGrq1J2XU-00243-00048117-00048233 had all been brought about by the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00244-00048234-00048437 deformations of our social system I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00245-00048438-00048656 didn't applaud since I felt that by
iTmGrq1J2XU-00246-00048657-00048827 linking the errors to the deformations
iTmGrq1J2XU-00247-00048828-00049069 she merely linked to equally empty words
iTmGrq1J2XU-00248-00049070-00049346 her concluding speech was a rousing call
iTmGrq1J2XU-00249-00049347-00049631 for what she called action Vera's words
iTmGrq1J2XU-00250-00049632-00049817 were as out of place in the midst of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00251-00049818-00049976 present ferment as Damon's lecture
iTmGrq1J2XU-00252-00049977-00050126 wasn't amidst of the students strike
iTmGrq1J2XU-00253-00050127-00050414 quote we must find our way out of this
iTmGrq1J2XU-00254-00050415-00050561 vicious circle where bureaucratic
iTmGrq1J2XU-00255-00050562-00050726 attitudes reinforce passivity and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00256-00050727-00050918 passivity reinforces bureaucratic
iTmGrq1J2XU-00257-00050919-00051119 attitudes we must create an atmosphere
iTmGrq1J2XU-00258-00051120-00051304 favorable to the growth of initiative
iTmGrq1J2XU-00259-00051305-00051490 the prohibition and repression of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00260-00051491-00051707 criticism the stifling of democratic
iTmGrq1J2XU-00261-00051708-00051871 relations only inhibit the growth of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00262-00051872-00052105 initiative such deformations paralyze
iTmGrq1J2XU-00263-00052107-00052283 initiative at all levels and lead to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00264-00052284-00052448 indifference and to the cult of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00265-00052449-00052664 mediocrity we stand at a historical
iTmGrq1J2XU-00266-00052665-00052913 crossroads we feet faced a great task
iTmGrq1J2XU-00267-00052914-00053195 the time to act has come let us not be
iTmGrq1J2XU-00268-00053196-00053451 satisfied with half measures
iTmGrq1J2XU-00269-00053452-00053598 the audience applauded and some people
iTmGrq1J2XU-00270-00053599-00053855 stood up I felt uneasy I had of course
iTmGrq1J2XU-00271-00053857-00054024 known that politicians were very busy
iTmGrq1J2XU-00272-00054025-00054191 trying to derive personal profit from
iTmGrq1J2XU-00273-00054192-00054401 the present ferment but it is one thing
iTmGrq1J2XU-00274-00054402-00054537 to know this and quite another to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00275-00054538-00054782 experience it directly no one in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00276-00054783-00054980 audience could doubt very sincerity or
iTmGrq1J2XU-00277-00054982-00055182 determination she's still a very
iTmGrq1J2XU-00278-00055183-00055401 powerful speaker much more powerful than
iTmGrq1J2XU-00279-00055402-00055538 most of the politicians I hear on the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00280-00055539-00055791 radio in the carton plan she's also more
iTmGrq1J2XU-00281-00055791-00055907 courageous than most of the other
iTmGrq1J2XU-00282-00055908-00056166 radical politicians of today perhaps she
iTmGrq1J2XU-00283-00056166-00056351 still has some of the traits that you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00284-00056352-00056613 admired her for twenty years ago she's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00285-00056614-00056744 the first politician I've heard in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00286-00056745-00056946 recent months who referred in one in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00287-00056947-00057116 same speech to the stifling of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00288-00057117-00057288 democratic relations the repression of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00289-00057289-00057465 criticism and the paralysis of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00290-00057466-00057732 initiative but like all politicians in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00291-00057733-00057966 power fara presents all of this as
iTmGrq1J2XU-00292-00057966-00058263 errors and deformations not as the very
iTmGrq1J2XU-00293-00058264-00058428 nature of the system of which she's an
iTmGrq1J2XU-00294-00058429-00058653 integral part if the system is only
iTmGrq1J2XU-00295-00058654-00058971 deformed then it can be cured however if
iTmGrq1J2XU-00296-00058972-00059141 the social system is itself the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00297-00059142-00059354 deformity then it can only be destroyed
iTmGrq1J2XU-00298-00059355-00059651 root and branch Vera's remedy follows
iTmGrq1J2XU-00299-00059652-00059891 from her own diagnosis the system has to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00300-00059892-00060194 be cured how we must find we must create
iTmGrq1J2XU-00301-00060195-00060576 we stand let us we of course means Vera
iTmGrq1J2XU-00302-00060577-00060822 Khurana together with her audience Vera
iTmGrq1J2XU-00303-00060823-00061011 together with a working population and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00304-00061012-00061284 how will we cure the system together
iTmGrq1J2XU-00305-00061285-00061584 obviously the same way we have always
iTmGrq1J2XU-00306-00061585-00061899 done anything together we the workers
iTmGrq1J2XU-00307-00061900-00062085 will do our share by remaining at our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00308-00062086-00062310 posts in the factories while Vera will
iTmGrq1J2XU-00309-00062311-00062504 do her share by remaining at her posts
iTmGrq1J2XU-00310-00062505-00062681 in the offices of academic and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00311-00062682-00062925 ideological establishments in other
iTmGrq1J2XU-00312-00062926-00063066 words we will cure the system together
iTmGrq1J2XU-00313-00063066-00063351 by continuing to reproduce it and why do
iTmGrq1J2XU-00314-00063352-00063624 we face this great task only now why
iTmGrq1J2XU-00315-00063625-00063744 have we suddenly arrived at this
iTmGrq1J2XU-00316-00063745-00064004 historic crossroads when the time to act
iTmGrq1J2XU-00317-00064005-00064266 has come because a ferment began at the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00318-00064266-00064437 bottom of the society and this ferment
iTmGrq1J2XU-00319-00064438-00064592 has spread to such an extent that it's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00320-00064594-00064815 threatens to sweep away all the offices
iTmGrq1J2XU-00321-00064816-00065085 that Vera and her comrades occupy for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00322-00065086-00065288 Vera the time has come to put an end to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00323-00065289-00065547 this ferment that's the great task she
iTmGrq1J2XU-00324-00065548-00065823 faces the offices she fought so hard to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00325-00065824-00065981 reach aren't danger by the ferment
iTmGrq1J2XU-00326-00065982-00066219 that's why she sounded so sincere and so
iTmGrq1J2XU-00327-00066220-00066426 determined she's determined not to lose
iTmGrq1J2XU-00328-00066427-00066654 a single one of her conquests her heart
iTmGrq1J2XU-00329-00066655-00066831 may even be set on reaching
iTmGrq1J2XU-00330-00066832-00066978 Heights of bureaucratic power on
iTmGrq1J2XU-00331-00066979-00067155 profiting from the opportunities created
iTmGrq1J2XU-00332-00067156-00067422 by the ferment itself the present
iTmGrq1J2XU-00333-00067423-00067560 situation would then indeed be a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00334-00067561-00067820 historic crossroads for Varrick Rena I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00335-00067821-00068070 don't think Vera is an unusually brutal
iTmGrq1J2XU-00336-00068071-00068361 cynical or unscrupulous person I think
iTmGrq1J2XU-00337-00068362-00068568 the brutality is in her social activity
iTmGrq1J2XU-00338-00068569-00068835 in the offices she occupies these
iTmGrq1J2XU-00339-00068836-00068976 offices are part of the state apparatus
iTmGrq1J2XU-00340-00068977-00069213 that apparatus can perform its functions
iTmGrq1J2XU-00341-00069214-00069381 only so long as a passive and submissive
iTmGrq1J2XU-00342-00069382-00069594 population lets itself be expropriated
iTmGrq1J2XU-00343-00069595-00069924 by those functions for the past few
iTmGrq1J2XU-00344-00069925-00070137 months thousands of people have started
iTmGrq1J2XU-00345-00070138-00070260 to perform functions they had never
iTmGrq1J2XU-00346-00070261-00070479 performed before functions which had
iTmGrq1J2XU-00347-00070480-00070662 been the exclusive domain of the state
iTmGrq1J2XU-00348-00070663-00070878 this is especially true in the area of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00349-00070879-00071100 communication namely in the area which
iTmGrq1J2XU-00350-00071101-00071319 contains all of Ariana's academic and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00351-00071320-00071535 ideological offices people have started
iTmGrq1J2XU-00352-00071536-00071685 to communicate with each other directly
iTmGrq1J2XU-00353-00071686-00071796 they've been forging their own
iTmGrq1J2XU-00354-00071797-00071967 terminologies and infusing them with
iTmGrq1J2XU-00355-00071968-00072195 their own meanings the ideological
iTmGrq1J2XU-00356-00072196-00072372 establishment and all its means of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00357-00072373-00072576 propaganda are being superseded by human
iTmGrq1J2XU-00358-00072577-00072810 forms of communication if this process
iTmGrq1J2XU-00359-00072811-00072981 continues all those offices and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00360-00072982-00073164 instruments will become historical junk
iTmGrq1J2XU-00361-00073165-00073404 curiosities discarded by a reawakened
iTmGrq1J2XU-00362-00073405-00073550 humanity
iTmGrq1J2XU-00363-00073551-00073755 Vera's interest into railing and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00364-00073756-00073932 stopping this ferment is not so much her
iTmGrq1J2XU-00365-00073933-00074088 own personal interest as it is the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00366-00074089-00074268 interest of an ideological establishment
iTmGrq1J2XU-00367-00074269-00074484 struggling to reimpose itself over human
iTmGrq1J2XU-00368-00074485-00074651 beings who are running out from under it
iTmGrq1J2XU-00369-00074652-00074937 ferric Rena rector and ideological
iTmGrq1J2XU-00370-00074938-00075144 minister didn't speak as an individual
iTmGrq1J2XU-00371-00075145-00075324 but as an agent of rector ship and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00372-00075325-00075537 ideology through her of these
iTmGrq1J2XU-00373-00075538-00075717 institutions these abstractions which
iTmGrq1J2XU-00374-00075718-00075867 are nothing but summaries of regular
iTmGrq1J2XU-00375-00075868-00076125 lies submission acquire a voice and a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00376-00076126-00076356 will through her these abstractions
iTmGrq1J2XU-00377-00076357-00076572 assert their insatiable hunger their
iTmGrq1J2XU-00378-00076573-00076767 will to devour every human thought word
iTmGrq1J2XU-00379-00076768-00076974 and sound to digest all forms of human
iTmGrq1J2XU-00380-00076975-00077151 communication and excrete them as
iTmGrq1J2XU-00381-00077152-00077469 ideology Adrian wasn't applauded when he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00382-00077470-00077682 was introduced several people snickered
iTmGrq1J2XU-00383-00077683-00077817 when his full title was announced
iTmGrq1J2XU-00384-00077818-00078012 chairman of the Central Committee of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00385-00078013-00078165 Commission for problems of standard of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00386-00078166-00078474 living his speech was short and dull he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00387-00078475-00078633 did exactly what he used to do 20 years
iTmGrq1J2XU-00388-00078634-00078834 ago he didn't add anything at all to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00389-00078835-00079023 what Vera had already said he merely
iTmGrq1J2XU-00390-00079024-00079200 repeated a few of her platitudes and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00391-00079201-00079392 then proceeded to document them he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00392-00079393-00079605 documented errors and deformities with
iTmGrq1J2XU-00393-00079606-00079689 statistical data
iTmGrq1J2XU-00394-00079690-00079911 he cited facts about the stagnating rise
iTmGrq1J2XU-00395-00079912-00080055 of Industrial Development and the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00396-00080056-00080175 declining standard of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00397-00080176-00080388 of living facts which are well known to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00398-00080389-00080535 a population that has experienced them
iTmGrq1J2XU-00399-00080536-00080823 daily Adrienne like Vera called for the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00400-00080824-00080997 reproduction of the very system whose
iTmGrq1J2XU-00401-00080998-00081219 ills he documented but he was much more
iTmGrq1J2XU-00402-00081220-00081409 straightforward about the cure than Vera
iTmGrq1J2XU-00403-00081410-00081654 when he said quote the leaders must
iTmGrq1J2XU-00404-00081655-00081804 apply policies which will earn them
iTmGrq1J2XU-00405-00081805-00081954 their leading roles in society
iTmGrq1J2XU-00406-00081955-00082188 he was hissed by several people he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00407-00082189-00082311 apparently didn't hear the hisses
iTmGrq1J2XU-00408-00082312-00082459 because he continued in the same vain
iTmGrq1J2XU-00409-00082460-00082701 quote we can no longer impose our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00410-00082702-00082887 authority but must conquer it through
iTmGrq1J2XU-00411-00082888-00083142 our acts the hisses became so loud that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00412-00083143-00083272 I could barely hear his concluding
iTmGrq1J2XU-00413-00083273-00083503 sentence which was something like quote
iTmGrq1J2XU-00414-00083504-00083728 we can no longer impose our line by
iTmGrq1J2XU-00415-00083729-00083937 commands but only through our work only
iTmGrq1J2XU-00416-00083938-00084225 through the truth of our ideals a few
iTmGrq1J2XU-00417-00084226-00084391 people applauded over half the audience
iTmGrq1J2XU-00418-00084392-00084582 hissed he could not have been more
iTmGrq1J2XU-00419-00084583-00084753 pathetic if he'd begged please let us
iTmGrq1J2XU-00420-00084754-00084924 stay where we are we promise to be good
iTmGrq1J2XU-00421-00084925-00085176 next time the rulers apparently think
iTmGrq1J2XU-00422-00085177-00085326 the population is ready to overthrow
iTmGrq1J2XU-00423-00085327-00085497 them if only the rest of the population
iTmGrq1J2XU-00424-00085498-00085748 has such an opinion of its own potential
iTmGrq1J2XU-00425-00085749-00085972 the fact that Adrienne was hissed
iTmGrq1J2XU-00426-00085973-00086151 whereas Vera was applauded puzzles me
iTmGrq1J2XU-00427-00086152-00086371 I'm equally puzzled in the carton plant
iTmGrq1J2XU-00428-00086372-00086547 where people condemn some of the radio
iTmGrq1J2XU-00429-00086548-00086778 politicians as rotten bureaucrats of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00430-00086779-00086935 old school while praising other
iTmGrq1J2XU-00431-00086936-00087097 politicians as people who are basically
iTmGrq1J2XU-00432-00087098-00087201 on our side
iTmGrq1J2XU-00433-00087202-00087417 I'm puzzled because I can't see any
iTmGrq1J2XU-00434-00087418-00087576 difference between the politicians who
iTmGrq1J2XU-00435-00087577-00087721 are so different in the eyes of those
iTmGrq1J2XU-00436-00087722-00087985 around me either I'm failing to see some
iTmGrq1J2XU-00437-00087986-00088176 very important differences or else those
iTmGrq1J2XU-00438-00088177-00088293 around me are failing to see the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00439-00088294-00088540 similarities this is related to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00440-00088541-00088765 something I experienced in prison we
iTmGrq1J2XU-00441-00088766-00088923 often discussed the behavior and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00442-00088924-00089065 character of prison guards and we
iTmGrq1J2XU-00443-00089066-00089203 classified guards in terms of their
iTmGrq1J2XU-00444-00089204-00089460 degree of brutality some guards were
iTmGrq1J2XU-00445-00089461-00089785 vicious others so so a few were fairly
iTmGrq1J2XU-00446-00089786-00090040 decent but on several occasions I heard
iTmGrq1J2XU-00447-00090041-00090213 a prisoner refer to a guard as a person
iTmGrq1J2XU-00448-00090214-00090472 who was on our side I could never
iTmGrq1J2XU-00449-00090473-00090636 understand this type of characterization
iTmGrq1J2XU-00450-00090637-00090871 of a prison guard a rather I understood
iTmGrq1J2XU-00451-00090872-00091131 it and considered it absurd in prison
iTmGrq1J2XU-00452-00091132-00091287 the absurdity of such such an
iTmGrq1J2XU-00453-00091288-00091491 observation is made obvious by the walls
iTmGrq1J2XU-00454-00091492-00091747 gates and bars a person who was not
iTmGrq1J2XU-00455-00091748-00091956 inside a cell who policed us in the yard
iTmGrq1J2XU-00456-00091957-00092136 who left the prison every night was
iTmGrq1J2XU-00457-00092137-00092340 clearly not on our side the comment was
iTmGrq1J2XU-00458-00092341-00092511 absurd if it was understood literally
iTmGrq1J2XU-00459-00092512-00092712 but it was much more disturbing if it
iTmGrq1J2XU-00460-00092713-00092865 was not understood literally because it
iTmGrq1J2XU-00461-00092866-00093028 describes something very real about our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00462-00093029-00093237 situation as prisoners it meant that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00463-00093238-00093510 prisoners have no side that our fate
iTmGrq1J2XU-00464-00093511-00093586 depended
iTmGrq1J2XU-00465-00093587-00093826 on the wills and whims of the guards we
iTmGrq1J2XU-00466-00093827-00094009 were things in human entities without
iTmGrq1J2XU-00467-00094010-00094326 interests desires or potentialities the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00468-00094327-00094474 closest we could come to regaining our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00469-00094475-00094630 humanity was to have our interest and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00470-00094631-00094809 desires represented among the guards
iTmGrq1J2XU-00471-00094810-00095038 saying that a guard was on our side
iTmGrq1J2XU-00472-00095039-00095200 meant that all that remained of our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00473-00095201-00095263 humanity
iTmGrq1J2XU-00474-00095264-00095548 was lodged in the guard the applause
iTmGrq1J2XU-00475-00095549-00095716 given to politicians like Varrick Rena
iTmGrq1J2XU-00476-00095717-00095884 in the present situation is even more
iTmGrq1J2XU-00477-00095885-00096025 disturbing that it would have been in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00478-00096026-00096301 prison our survival as human beings in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00479-00096302-00096472 prison did in fact depend on the prison
iTmGrq1J2XU-00480-00096473-00096709 guards on the presence or absence of our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00481-00096710-00096991 side among the guards every attempt to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00482-00096992-00097186 affirm our humanity on our own led
iTmGrq1J2XU-00483-00097187-00097468 directly to severe repression mutilation
iTmGrq1J2XU-00484-00097469-00097714 even death but this isn't the case in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00485-00097715-00097912 our present situation a situation Vera
iTmGrq1J2XU-00486-00097913-00098212 described as a historical crossroads for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00487-00098213-00098404 the first time in 20 years the extent of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00488-00098405-00098617 our development as human beings has not
iTmGrq1J2XU-00489-00098618-00098767 depended on the extent to which our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00490-00098768-00098923 humanity was represented among the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00491-00098924-00099207 prison guards the ruling politicians for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00492-00099208-00099328 the first time in twenty years we've
iTmGrq1J2XU-00493-00099329-00099501 begun to take steps to regain our own
iTmGrq1J2XU-00494-00099502-00099657 potentialities and realize our own
iTmGrq1J2XU-00495-00099658-00099901 desires for the first time in twenty
iTmGrq1J2XU-00496-00099902-00100036 years we haven't been prisoners at the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00497-00100037-00100251 mercy of guards but free human beings
iTmGrq1J2XU-00498-00100252-00100426 discovering our freedom and beginning to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00499-00100427-00100564 forge our own humanity
iTmGrq1J2XU-00500-00100565-00100762 the applause given to politicians like
iTmGrq1J2XU-00501-00100763-00101011 Vera indicates that many disturbingly
iTmGrq1J2XU-00502-00101012-00101200 many people are not able to leave the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00503-00101201-00101335 prison in which they've been locked up
iTmGrq1J2XU-00504-00101336-00101544 it means that many of my contemporaries
iTmGrq1J2XU-00505-00101545-00101737 are unable to accept the reality of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00506-00101738-00101911 their own desires even in the act of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00507-00101912-00102142 realizing them they are unable to accept
iTmGrq1J2XU-00508-00102143-00102364 themselves as human beings they've been
iTmGrq1J2XU-00509-00102365-00102561 locked up too long they can no longer
iTmGrq1J2XU-00510-00102563-00102717 imagine any freedom other than the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00511-00102718-00102906 freedom of the prison guard they've
iTmGrq1J2XU-00512-00102907-00103075 repressed all desires except those
iTmGrq1J2XU-00513-00103076-00103315 represented among the guards even while
iTmGrq1J2XU-00514-00103316-00103443 they take steps to realize their own
iTmGrq1J2XU-00515-00103444-00103624 project they affirm a politician's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00516-00103625-00103929 project and deny their own most of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00517-00103930-00104098 audience left after avians speech a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00518-00104099-00104292 group of people gathered around Vera and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00519-00104293-00104508 a smaller group around Adrian yes none
iTmGrq1J2XU-00520-00104509-00104667 told me she wanted to talk to Adrian or
iTmGrq1J2XU-00521-00104668-00104896 at least to shake his hand she told me
iTmGrq1J2XU-00522-00104897-00105115 she felt sorry for him I stayed in my
iTmGrq1J2XU-00523-00105116-00105261 seat when she walked up to the circle of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00524-00105263-00105466 people surrounding Adrian he was very
iTmGrq1J2XU-00525-00105467-00105684 busy grinning and shaking hands he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00526-00105685-00105865 didn't seem aware that anyone had hissed
iTmGrq1J2XU-00527-00105866-00106141 his speech the enthusiasts surrounding
iTmGrq1J2XU-00528-00106142-00106254 him probably gave him the impression
iTmGrq1J2XU-00529-00106255-00106429 that everyone in the audience considered
iTmGrq1J2XU-00530-00106430-00106683 him a seer most of Adrian's admirers
iTmGrq1J2XU-00531-00106684-00106924 were gone when he noticed Jasna he shook
iTmGrq1J2XU-00532-00106925-00106959 her hand
iTmGrq1J2XU-00533-00106960-00107113 as if you were pumping water from a well
iTmGrq1J2XU-00534-00107114-00107326 she must have asked it he remembered me
iTmGrq1J2XU-00535-00107327-00107503 because both turned to look at me
iTmGrq1J2XU-00536-00107504-00107671 Adrienne's face didn't show the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00537-00107672-00107893 slightest sign of recognition he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00538-00107894-00108058 immediately turned to the young man next
iTmGrq1J2XU-00539-00108058-00108244 to Jasna and started pumping his hand
iTmGrq1J2XU-00540-00108245-00108625 yes miss turn had ended he has now
iTmGrq1J2XU-00541-00108626-00108766 walked towards the large group which
iTmGrq1J2XU-00542-00108767-00109024 still surrounded Vera and waited I saw
iTmGrq1J2XU-00543-00109025-00109203 Vera look at yes now several times and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00544-00109204-00109315 then turn to someone else
iTmGrq1J2XU-00545-00109316-00109536 he has no waited until she and a girl
iTmGrq1J2XU-00546-00109538-00109704 who couldn't have been over 12 were the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00547-00109705-00109854 only people who still wanted to shake
iTmGrq1J2XU-00548-00109855-00110119 Farrah's hand Vera shook Yaz's hand
iTmGrq1J2XU-00549-00110120-00110320 without even looking at her said thank
iTmGrq1J2XU-00550-00110321-00110535 you very much comrades shook the girl's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00551-00110536-00110698 hand and turned back to Adrian saying
iTmGrq1J2XU-00552-00110699-00110920 well that didn't go over as badly as I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00553-00110921-00111124 thought it would he has now walked
iTmGrq1J2XU-00554-00111125-00111370 towards me with tears in her eyes Adrian
iTmGrq1J2XU-00555-00111371-00111523 at least remembered my name she sobbed
iTmGrq1J2XU-00556-00111524-00111739 when we left the auditorium she was
iTmGrq1J2XU-00557-00111740-00111796 crying
iTmGrq1J2XU-00558-00111797-00112035 Vera lived with me for five years we
iTmGrq1J2XU-00559-00112036-00112213 could have been sisters she doesn't even
iTmGrq1J2XU-00560-00112214-00112525 know who I am I tried to console Jasna
iTmGrq1J2XU-00561-00112526-00112651 by telling her that I wouldn't have
iTmGrq1J2XU-00562-00112652-00112860 recognized either Vera or Adrian if I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00563-00112861-00112996 hadn't been reminded of them by our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00564-00112997-00113176 recent conversations and by your letters
iTmGrq1J2XU-00565-00113177-00113389 you haven't seen them for twenty years
iTmGrq1J2XU-00566-00113390-00113569 and you never knew them the way I did
iTmGrq1J2XU-00567-00113570-00113841 Jasna said and continued to cry she knew
iTmGrq1J2XU-00568-00113842-00114001 that it wasn't only time that separated
iTmGrq1J2XU-00569-00114002-00114202 her from her former housemates the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00570-00114203-00114373 distance between two worlds separated
iTmGrq1J2XU-00571-00114374-00114678 her from them Jasna was as alien to Vera
iTmGrq1J2XU-00572-00114679-00114856 and Adrian as you were to rod on the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00573-00114857-00115011 night of your last encounter with him
iTmGrq1J2XU-00574-00115013-00115225 when Ron said I hear you're going to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00575-00115226-00115270 college
iTmGrq1J2XU-00576-00115271-00115489 you heard him ask when did I ever have
iTmGrq1J2XU-00577-00115490-00115740 anything to do with you Adrien
iTmGrq1J2XU-00578-00115741-00116040 remembered only Jasna same Vera didn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-00579-00116041-00116188 remember that she'd ever had anything to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00580-00116189-00116398 do with Jasna not only because 12 years
iTmGrq1J2XU-00581-00116399-00116599 have turned Jasna into a stranger but
iTmGrq1J2XU-00582-00116600-00116808 also because yasss world is strange too
iTmGrq1J2XU-00583-00116809-00117052 Vera the people who inhabit Vera's world
iTmGrq1J2XU-00584-00117053-00117364 have names real names like chairman for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00585-00117365-00117649 secretary or president they have titles
iTmGrq1J2XU-00586-00117650-00117922 posts offices they're the people Vera
iTmGrq1J2XU-00587-00117923-00118174 remembers yes anna doesn't have a title
iTmGrq1J2XU-00588-00118175-00118345 she doesn't have a name
iTmGrq1J2XU-00589-00118346-00118704 Jasna isn't somebody she's nobody Jasna
iTmGrq1J2XU-00590-00118705-00118918 is a cipher in the population statistics
iTmGrq1J2XU-00591-00118919-00119073 a grain of sand industry
iTmGrq1J2XU-00592-00119074-00119251 indistinguishable from all other grains
iTmGrq1J2XU-00593-00119252-00119473 on a beach a face indistinguishable from
iTmGrq1J2XU-00594-00119474-00119695 all other faces in an audience she's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00595-00119696-00119848 merely another hand to shake after a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00596-00119849-00120001 speech another member of the working
iTmGrq1J2XU-00597-00120002-00120129 class whose noble cause
iTmGrq1J2XU-00598-00120130-00120313 Vera serves
iTmGrq1J2XU-00599-00120314-00120526 and I walked silently towards my house I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00600-00120527-00120790 stopped trying to console her I thought
iTmGrq1J2XU-00601-00120791-00120978 of your first two letters I understood
iTmGrq1J2XU-00602-00120979-00121161 perfectly why I had responded to them so
iTmGrq1J2XU-00603-00121163-00121372 unfairly you had described these
iTmGrq1J2XU-00604-00121373-00121576 politicians as your community as the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00605-00121577-00121738 only people you knew who weren't puppets
iTmGrq1J2XU-00606-00121739-00121953 as insurgents who had struggled to shake
iTmGrq1J2XU-00607-00121954-00122113 off their own chains without enslaving
iTmGrq1J2XU-00608-00122114-00122377 others I had responded as if you told me
iTmGrq1J2XU-00609-00122378-00122578 you had modeled your life on the life of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00610-00122579-00122722 the Roman Emperor Caligula
iTmGrq1J2XU-00611-00122723-00122991 I hadn't seen Vera or Adrienne for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00612-00122992-00123186 twenty years and I had never exerted the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00613-00123188-00123336 type of social power they aspired to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00614-00123338-00123636 I've never seen Caligula either nor have
iTmGrq1J2XU-00615-00123638-00123838 i occupied any post comparable to his
iTmGrq1J2XU-00616-00123839-00124059 but I've experienced some of the effects
iTmGrq1J2XU-00617-00124060-00124290 of the project of their likes when you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00618-00124291-00124474 identified yourself with them I thought
iTmGrq1J2XU-00619-00124475-00124699 of you as one of them I'm now convinced
iTmGrq1J2XU-00620-00124700-00124843 that you're not one of them that your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00621-00124844-00124963 project has nothing in common with
iTmGrq1J2XU-00622-00124964-00125160 theirs but the terrain on which you've
iTmGrq1J2XU-00623-00125161-00125332 chosen to struggle for your project is
iTmGrq1J2XU-00624-00125333-00125529 their terrain every one of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00625-00125530-00125656 activities you've described is an
iTmGrq1J2XU-00626-00125657-00125859 activity of politicians and ideologues
iTmGrq1J2XU-00627-00125860-00126073 this is what led me to respond so
iTmGrq1J2XU-00628-00126074-00126325 unfairly I couldn't imagine that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00629-00126326-00126490 anything human could grow on that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00630-00126491-00126850 terrain and I still can during our walk
iTmGrq1J2XU-00631-00126851-00127018 home I could have tried to cheer Jasna
iTmGrq1J2XU-00632-00127019-00127156 up by telling her she ought to be
iTmGrq1J2XU-00633-00127157-00127318 flattered not to be recognized as a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00634-00127319-00127518 comrade by two opportunistic politicians
iTmGrq1J2XU-00635-00127519-00127849 but I didn't think of this yeah this is
iTmGrq1J2XU-00636-00127850-00128047 what Myrna must have had in mind when we
iTmGrq1J2XU-00637-00128048-00128283 got home and she saw Jasna steers she
iTmGrq1J2XU-00638-00128284-00128490 asked us what had happened they didn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-00639-00128491-00128740 recognize us I said did you think those
iTmGrq1J2XU-00640-00128741-00128920 people would recognize you Myrna asked
iTmGrq1J2XU-00641-00128921-00129208 how important you think you are he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00642-00129208-00129358 hasn't a smiled in response to Mona's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00643-00129358-00129577 question but protested I'm as much of a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00644-00129578-00129891 person as they are maybe you are in your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00645-00129892-00130185 astons eyes and in my eyes Myrna said at
iTmGrq1J2XU-00646-00130186-00130351 my factory there are dozens like me in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00647-00130352-00130564 my section and there's one manager do
iTmGrq1J2XU-00648-00130565-00130831 you think I'm as important as he is much
iTmGrq1J2XU-00649-00130832-00131053 more important I said Myrna laughed and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00650-00131054-00131260 said come with me on Monday morning and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00651-00131261-00131581 tell him that he has no laughs - at this
iTmGrq1J2XU-00652-00131582-00131737 point yia returned to Yasmine and asked
iTmGrq1J2XU-00653-00131738-00131989 could you tell if they were lovers Yura
iTmGrq1J2XU-00654-00131990-00132153 had apparently been bursting to ask this
iTmGrq1J2XU-00655-00132154-00132283 question from the moment we had entered
iTmGrq1J2XU-00656-00132284-00132453 the house but had been inhibited by
iTmGrq1J2XU-00657-00132454-00132706 Jasna sadness could I tell what yes I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00658-00132707-00132988 asked credit and poverty an are they
iTmGrq1J2XU-00659-00132989-00133276 lovers yar asked what in the world do
iTmGrq1J2XU-00660-00133277-00133498 you know about that I asked her Jasna
iTmGrq1J2XU-00661-00133499-00133657 told us all about them Behrens
iTmGrq1J2XU-00662-00133658-00133888 did what yes Anna told us was that Vera
iTmGrq1J2XU-00663-00133889-00134035 married the bank director and when
iTmGrq1J2XU-00664-00134036-00134182 Adrian was released from prison and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00665-00134183-00134350 found that found that out he stayed away
iTmGrq1J2XU-00666-00134351-00134623 from Vera I reminded her Jasna also told
iTmGrq1J2XU-00667-00134624-00134782 us Papa Shannon went out with the rector
iTmGrq1J2XU-00668-00134783-00135051 secretary yet yarrow reminded me I told
iTmGrq1J2XU-00669-00135052-00135223 my girlfriend Julia everything yes and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00670-00135224-00135400 told us Julia's father works in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00671-00135401-00135556 State Bank and knows all about the bank
iTmGrq1J2XU-00672-00135557-00135757 director and his wife Julia says they
iTmGrq1J2XU-00673-00135758-00135973 talk about them all the time but they
iTmGrq1J2XU-00674-00135974-00136120 don't know anything about poverty
iTmGrq1J2XU-00675-00136121-00136306 Julia told me the bank director is old
iTmGrq1J2XU-00676-00136307-00136464 and his wife isn't nearly as old in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00677-00136465-00136645 their mansion they sleep in separate
iTmGrq1J2XU-00678-00136646-00136897 rooms did your girlfriend's father tell
iTmGrq1J2XU-00679-00136898-00137119 you about all that I asked no Julia
iTmGrq1J2XU-00680-00137120-00137320 figured it out Yara said you mean she
iTmGrq1J2XU-00681-00137321-00137529 made it up I said she did not you're a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00682-00137530-00137737 snap back and clean she's not a liar I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00683-00137738-00137995 said I'm sorry I was amazed that you and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00684-00137996-00138225 your friends discuss such things why
iTmGrq1J2XU-00685-00138226-00138504 shouldn't we you do yarra retorted Myrna
iTmGrq1J2XU-00686-00138505-00138697 laughed and said we keep forgetting that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00687-00138698-00138975 you're already 11 years old I asked Yara
iTmGrq1J2XU-00688-00138976-00139154 to tell us what julia had figured out
iTmGrq1J2XU-00689-00139155-00139389 her father had talked about deputy
iTmGrq1J2XU-00690-00139390-00139612 minister york rena having a lover but no
iTmGrq1J2XU-00691-00139613-00139807 one knew who he was until I told Julia
iTmGrq1J2XU-00692-00139808-00139921 about poverty
iTmGrq1J2XU-00693-00139922-00140110 I burst out laughing and couldn't keep
iTmGrq1J2XU-00694-00140111-00140299 myself from asking do you actually know
iTmGrq1J2XU-00695-00140300-00140553 what a lover is do you want me to bring
iTmGrq1J2XU-00696-00140554-00140773 mine home and show you his name Slobodan
iTmGrq1J2XU-00697-00140774-00140899 Yara snapped
iTmGrq1J2XU-00698-00140900-00141136 Jasna and I were embarrassed Myrna
iTmGrq1J2XU-00699-00141137-00141351 laughed unfortunately not one of us can
iTmGrq1J2XU-00700-00141352-00141520 take credit for Yara sophistication
iTmGrq1J2XU-00701-00141521-00141738 periods of ferment undoubtedly have a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00702-00141739-00141891 stimulating effect on everyone
iTmGrq1J2XU-00703-00141892-00142200 I begged yard to go on Julia's father
iTmGrq1J2XU-00704-00142201-00142369 only knew that crona's lover was some
iTmGrq1J2XU-00705-00142370-00142563 kind of official that he was married and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00706-00142564-00142716 that Khurana had him appointed to a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00707-00142717-00142945 commission Yara continued but it was
iTmGrq1J2XU-00708-00142946-00143073 Julia who put all the pieces together
iTmGrq1J2XU-00709-00143074-00143275 she's read stories like that in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00710-00143276-00143451 magazines but usually it's the women who
iTmGrq1J2XU-00711-00143452-00143712 does what poverty and it'd she knew from
iTmGrq1J2XU-00712-00143713-00143896 the papers that every time he and Crenna
iTmGrq1J2XU-00713-00143897-00144075 gave a speech together that he got
iTmGrq1J2XU-00714-00144076-00144225 another promotion until he became
iTmGrq1J2XU-00715-00144226-00144450 Commission Chairman when I told her what
iTmGrq1J2XU-00716-00144451-00144627 Jasna told us Julia figured out that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00717-00144628-00144793 parva sham had never stopped loving
iTmGrq1J2XU-00718-00144794-00144985 Khurana even though he hated her for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00719-00144986-00145168 what she's done to him but he knew
iTmGrq1J2XU-00720-00145169-00145440 Khurana would throw him out if he simply
iTmGrq1J2XU-00721-00145441-00145636 showed up in her office she think he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00722-00145637-00145800 wanted to get even with her so he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00723-00145801-00145987 married her secretary the one Yasin told
iTmGrq1J2XU-00724-00145988-00146197 us about that way when he turned up at
iTmGrq1J2XU-00725-00146198-00146316 the rector's office he wouldn't be
iTmGrq1J2XU-00726-00146317-00146490 looking for Khurana but for his wife and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00727-00146491-00146628 it would be Crenna who would
iTmGrq1J2XU-00728-00146629-00146848 accidentally run into him can you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00729-00146849-00147040 imagine her expression when she asks
iTmGrq1J2XU-00730-00147041-00147241 are you looking for me and he answers no
iTmGrq1J2XU-00731-00147242-00147493 I'm waiting for my wife Julia figured
iTmGrq1J2XU-00732-00147494-00147700 out something else to Crenna would have
iTmGrq1J2XU-00733-00147701-00147859 thrown him out of her office if he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00734-00147860-00148054 turned up there unmarried but she must
iTmGrq1J2XU-00735-00148055-00148189 have turned green with envy when she
iTmGrq1J2XU-00736-00148190-00148297 learned that he was married to her
iTmGrq1J2XU-00737-00148298-00148531 secretary Julia says it really doesn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-00738-00148532-00148648 matter if he planned all this from the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00739-00148649-00148693 start
iTmGrq1J2XU-00740-00148694-00148828 or if he married Crenna secretary
iTmGrq1J2XU-00741-00148829-00149017 because he actually loved her in either
iTmGrq1J2XU-00742-00149018-00149197 case he obviously ran into Khurana since
iTmGrq1J2XU-00743-00149198-00149371 they're together now and his wife is
iTmGrq1J2XU-00744-00149372-00149611 cronniss private secretary Julia's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00745-00149612-00149758 father said it was Khurana who appointed
iTmGrq1J2XU-00746-00149759-00149917 him and he hasn't told us he was someone
iTmGrq1J2XU-00747-00149918-00150058 who'd do anything for an appointment
iTmGrq1J2XU-00748-00150059-00150292 don't you see Khurana appointed him and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00749-00150293-00150487 then he had to see her about his post
iTmGrq1J2XU-00750-00150488-00150757 sometimes at night sometimes even all
iTmGrq1J2XU-00751-00150758-00150976 night Khurana was tired of that old bank
iTmGrq1J2XU-00752-00150977-00151120 director when they started giving
iTmGrq1J2XU-00753-00151121-00151315 speeches they were together all the time
iTmGrq1J2XU-00754-00151316-00151573 we were stunned I had no reason to doubt
iTmGrq1J2XU-00755-00151574-00151726 the plausibility of any part of yarra
iTmGrq1J2XU-00756-00151727-00152020 story after a long pause I asked how old
iTmGrq1J2XU-00757-00152021-00152230 is your girlfriend Julia she's 10 and a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00758-00152231-00152479 half you are answered then by way of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00759-00152480-00152662 explanation she added but we're both in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00760-00152663-00152926 the same grade in school I was stunned
iTmGrq1J2XU-00761-00152927-00153133 by the worldly wisdom of Yara and her 10
iTmGrq1J2XU-00762-00153134-00153217 year old girlfriend
iTmGrq1J2XU-00763-00153218-00153469 I was also disturbed what bothered me
iTmGrq1J2XU-00764-00153470-00153631 was related to what had bothered me in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00765-00153632-00153772 your letters and also to what had
iTmGrq1J2XU-00766-00153773-00153904 bothered me when young people had
iTmGrq1J2XU-00767-00153905-00154135 applauded barek renas lecture what
iTmGrq1J2XU-00768-00154136-00154318 disturbs me is not Yara sophistication
iTmGrq1J2XU-00769-00154319-00154558 but her frame of reference she and her
iTmGrq1J2XU-00770-00154559-00154732 friend have unbelievable insight into
iTmGrq1J2XU-00771-00154733-00154882 the private lives of the ruling
iTmGrq1J2XU-00772-00154883-00155119 bureaucrats they're familiar with the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00773-00155120-00155275 most intimate details of a world that's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00774-00155276-00155488 completely alien to them they're as
iTmGrq1J2XU-00775-00155489-00155635 interested in the love affairs of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00776-00155636-00155833 officials as the ancient Greeks were in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00777-00155834-00156079 the love affairs of their gods the world
iTmGrq1J2XU-00778-00156080-00156246 of officials is the world that matters
iTmGrq1J2XU-00779-00156247-00156520 officials are today's gods they're
iTmGrq1J2XU-00780-00156521-00156739 omnipotent and immortal not as
iTmGrq1J2XU-00781-00156740-00156958 individuals Crenna and poverty are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00782-00156959-00157222 mortal they're also replaceable the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00783-00157223-00157441 Deputy Minister and the Chairman aren't
iTmGrq1J2XU-00784-00157442-00157696 either mortal nor replaceable they're
iTmGrq1J2XU-00785-00157697-00157894 the essential beings the permanence
iTmGrq1J2XU-00786-00157895-00158125 behind the flux the fixed stars of an
iTmGrq1J2XU-00787-00158126-00158335 ever-changing universe they're immortal
iTmGrq1J2XU-00788-00158336-00158569 they can conceivably be dislodged from
iTmGrq1J2XU-00789-00158570-00158737 their positions but only through a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00790-00158738-00158968 cosmic Cataclysm which takes place in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00791-00158969-00159229 the sky they cannot be dislodged by mere
iTmGrq1J2XU-00792-00159230-00159463 mortals nothing we do down here affects
iTmGrq1J2XU-00793-00159464-00159697 them the project which Yara has already
iTmGrq1J2XU-00794-00159698-00159862 forged with her companions has not
iTmGrq1J2XU-00795-00159863-00160018 dislodged the all-powerful beings who
iTmGrq1J2XU-00796-00160019-00160384 inhabit her imagination the Solidarity
iTmGrq1J2XU-00797-00160385-00160444 the commune
iTmGrq1J2XU-00798-00160445-00160638 the potentiality she and her likes
iTmGrq1J2XU-00799-00160639-00160812 experienced in their demonstrations are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00800-00160813-00160998 transitory and trivial compared to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00801-00160999-00161175 love affairs of a Deputy Minister and a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00802-00161176-00161424 chairman Yara's acts may at times be
iTmGrq1J2XU-00803-00161425-00161616 courageous and exciting but they can
iTmGrq1J2XU-00804-00161617-00161787 never be fascinating admirable or
iTmGrq1J2XU-00805-00161788-00162078 awesome fascination admiration and awe
iTmGrq1J2XU-00806-00162079-00162329 are reserved for the acts of the gods
iTmGrq1J2XU-00807-00162330-00162549 like those of my fellow workers in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00808-00162550-00162690 plant who applauded the speeches of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00809-00162691-00162924 certain bureaucrats Yara is already a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00810-00162925-00163219 fascinated admirer like them she has
iTmGrq1J2XU-00811-00163220-00163374 already experienced in herself a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00812-00163375-00163623 capacity however modest to overthrow the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00813-00163624-00163812 ruling relations and like them she
iTmGrq1J2XU-00814-00163813-00164085 lodges all capacity in the gods like
iTmGrq1J2XU-00815-00164086-00164223 them she has already experienced a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00816-00164224-00164400 glimmer of freedom and she still can't
iTmGrq1J2XU-00817-00164401-00164533 imagine any freedom other than the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00818-00164534-00164821 freedom of a prison guard Yara and her
iTmGrq1J2XU-00819-00164822-00165007 friend are our contemporaries not only
iTmGrq1J2XU-00820-00165008-00165150 because of the sophistication of their
iTmGrq1J2XU-00821-00165151-00165319 perceptions but also because they're
iTmGrq1J2XU-00822-00165320-00165497 already prisoners of the ruling ideology
iTmGrq1J2XU-00823-00165498-00165709 like the students who applauded Vera
iTmGrq1J2XU-00824-00165710-00165936 Cronus speech Yara and her friend remain
iTmGrq1J2XU-00825-00165937-00166132 locked up within this ideology at a time
iTmGrq1J2XU-00826-00166133-00166297 when their own acts are undermining the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00827-00166298-00166584 ideologies social foundations with half
iTmGrq1J2XU-00828-00166585-00166737 of their being they dig the grave for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00829-00166738-00166906 the expiring corpse of the repressive
iTmGrq1J2XU-00830-00166907-00167095 world while with the other half they
iTmGrq1J2XU-00831-00167096-00167262 infuse the corpse with new life and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00832-00167263-00167472 carry it through yet another crisis in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00833-00167473-00167700 one of your earlier letters you and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00834-00167701-00167904 Luisa argued very eloquently that slaves
iTmGrq1J2XU-00835-00167905-00168129 are not responsible for their misery nor
iTmGrq1J2XU-00836-00168130-00168351 workers further exploitation no the poor
iTmGrq1J2XU-00837-00168352-00168544 for their poverty nor prisoners for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00838-00168545-00168786 their imprisonment that's true but only
iTmGrq1J2XU-00839-00168787-00169002 superficially where do masters derive
iTmGrq1J2XU-00840-00169003-00169270 their mastery from the Stars where do
iTmGrq1J2XU-00841-00169271-00169420 the rich get their wealth if not from
iTmGrq1J2XU-00842-00169421-00169476 the poor
iTmGrq1J2XU-00843-00169477-00169677 where do guards and exploiters derive
iTmGrq1J2XU-00844-00169678-00169941 their power you and Luisa are right in a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00845-00169942-00170109 very narrow sense we don't shoot
iTmGrq1J2XU-00846-00170110-00170409 ourselves they shoot us but it's we who
iTmGrq1J2XU-00847-00170410-00170596 produce them it's we who staff their
iTmGrq1J2XU-00848-00170597-00170794 armies it's we who produced the weapons
iTmGrq1J2XU-00849-00170795-00171012 that kill us it isn't even a true that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00850-00171013-00171084 they shoot us
iTmGrq1J2XU-00851-00171085-00171312 they only order a shot and it's we who
iTmGrq1J2XU-00852-00171313-00171504 implement their orders we butcher
iTmGrq1J2XU-00853-00171505-00171774 ourselves I'm not suggesting that Yara's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00854-00171775-00171951 imagination has been permanently maimed
iTmGrq1J2XU-00855-00171952-00172122 if this were so she wouldn't have been
iTmGrq1J2XU-00856-00172123-00172287 able to engage in the demonstrations in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00857-00172288-00172422 which she's been taking such an active
iTmGrq1J2XU-00858-00172423-00172645 part all the lively activities taking
iTmGrq1J2XU-00859-00172646-00172815 place around me proved that no one has
iTmGrq1J2XU-00860-00172816-00173022 been permanently maimed human beings
iTmGrq1J2XU-00861-00173023-00173178 cannot be permanently transformed into
iTmGrq1J2XU-00862-00173179-00173439 insects or robots but all the half
iTmGrq1J2XU-00863-00173440-00173577 revolutions of the past showed that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00864-00173578-00173760 human beings are as reluctant to reclaim
iTmGrq1J2XU-00865-00173761-00173818 the - Tao
iTmGrq1J2XU-00866-00173819-00174024 of their repressed humanity as they are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00867-00174025-00174252 to lose it I think you illustrate this
iTmGrq1J2XU-00868-00174253-00174453 as much as Yara and my fellow workers in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00869-00174454-00174646 the carton plant I'm not talking about
iTmGrq1J2XU-00870-00174647-00174874 opportunism now I finally do recognize
iTmGrq1J2XU-00871-00174875-00174982 that you have nothing in common with
iTmGrq1J2XU-00872-00174983-00175215 Vera Khurana I'm talking about an
iTmGrq1J2XU-00873-00175216-00175393 ambiguity you share with people who are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00874-00175394-00175590 genuine rebels I'm talking about the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00875-00175591-00175747 fact that you've reproduced the official
iTmGrq1J2XU-00876-00175748-00175924 project in the very act of struggling to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00877-00175925-00176161 realize your own you've reenacted
iTmGrq1J2XU-00878-00176162-00176344 repressive relations in the very act of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00879-00176345-00176548 fighting against them their world in
iTmGrq1J2XU-00880-00176549-00176659 which you've tried to realize yourself
iTmGrq1J2XU-00881-00176660-00176935 is the world Yara carries in her head it
iTmGrq1J2XU-00882-00176936-00177090 is the official world the world of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00883-00177091-00177310 officials the context in which you've
iTmGrq1J2XU-00884-00177311-00177516 chosen to fight your struggle makes your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00885-00177517-00177714 acts ambiguous it robs your acts of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00886-00177715-00177886 their intentions and turns them against
iTmGrq1J2XU-00887-00177887-00178159 you you haven't been uncritical of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00888-00178160-00178309 environment in which you saw to realize
iTmGrq1J2XU-00889-00178310-00178519 your projects in fact some of your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00890-00178520-00178648 critiques of the academic world are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00891-00178649-00178788 devastating and they've been very
iTmGrq1J2XU-00892-00178789-00178981 instructive in novel to me because I
iTmGrq1J2XU-00893-00178982-00179206 know so little about it yet how am I to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00894-00179207-00179332 understand your critiques if you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00895-00179333-00179494 conclude every one of them by telling me
iTmGrq1J2XU-00896-00179495-00179613 that this was the world in which you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00897-00179614-00179741 sought your project and your community
iTmGrq1J2XU-00898-00179742-00179949 would you understand someone who gave a
iTmGrq1J2XU-00899-00179950-00180136 lucid analysis of the social function of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00900-00180137-00180298 the police and concluded by telling you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00901-00180299-00180421 that he had joined the police in order
iTmGrq1J2XU-00902-00180422-00180549 to struggle against its social function
iTmGrq1J2XU-00903-00180550-00180799 I won't say that this situation is
iTmGrq1J2XU-00904-00180800-00180943 identical to yours but there are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00905-00180944-00181171 similarities the social function of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00906-00181172-00181341 bureaucratized education and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00907-00181342-00181563 communication is not identical to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00908-00181564-00181740 function of the police but the two
iTmGrq1J2XU-00909-00181741-00181911 functions are not mutually exclusive and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00910-00181912-00182110 their consequences are terribly similar
iTmGrq1J2XU-00911-00182111-00182349 a prisoner whose helplessness leads him
iTmGrq1J2XU-00912-00182350-00182550 to seek out guards who are on our side
iTmGrq1J2XU-00913-00182551-00182754 is terribly similar to the worker who
iTmGrq1J2XU-00914-00182755-00183027 thinks a politician is on our side the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00915-00183028-00183172 prisoner's justification is that the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00916-00183173-00183390 guards are armed the prisoner's human
iTmGrq1J2XU-00917-00183391-00183598 prospects do in fact reside in the guard
iTmGrq1J2XU-00918-00183599-00183804 but a worker who thinks his human
iTmGrq1J2XU-00919-00183805-00183975 projects reside in a politician is
iTmGrq1J2XU-00920-00183976-00184246 deluded he is imprisoned not by concrete
iTmGrq1J2XU-00921-00184247-00184474 walls and iron bars but by delusions
iTmGrq1J2XU-00922-00184475-00184716 implanted in his mind the schools the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00923-00184717-00184846 newspapers the official and unofficial
iTmGrq1J2XU-00924-00184847-00185098 propaganda machines the proclamations of
iTmGrq1J2XU-00925-00185099-00185260 the rulers and the consciousness-raising
iTmGrq1J2XU-00926-00185261-00185487 campaigns of quote revolutionaries are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00927-00185488-00185661 the instruments which create these
iTmGrq1J2XU-00928-00185662-00185877 delusions they are the walls and bars
iTmGrq1J2XU-00929-00185878-00186118 which imprison him if told me in your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00930-00186119-00186322 activities you didn't aim to implant the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00931-00186323-00186527 ruling delusions but to undermine them
iTmGrq1J2XU-00932-00186528-00186750 you've convinced me about the integrity
iTmGrq1J2XU-00933-00186751-00186927 of your intentions but you're not as
iTmGrq1J2XU-00934-00186928-00187086 lucid about your own intentions as you
iTmGrq1J2XU-00935-00187087-00187209 are about demons
iTmGrq1J2XU-00936-00187210-00187386 as soon as he began talking about his
iTmGrq1J2XU-00937-00187387-00187551 intention to found a newspaper in which
iTmGrq1J2XU-00938-00187552-00187770 the inherently revolutionary workers
iTmGrq1J2XU-00939-00187771-00187995 would quote speak for themselves he
iTmGrq1J2XU-00940-00187996-00188085 spotted the scene
iTmGrq1J2XU-00941-00188086-00188313 the Prophet the Shepherd and God lurking
iTmGrq1J2XU-00942-00188314-00188523 behind the intentions you're not nearly
iTmGrq1J2XU-00943-00188524-00188643 as lucid about yourself
iTmGrq1J2XU-00944-00188644-00188886 surrounded by prophets politicians and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00945-00188887-00189072 aspiring bureaucrats you fought for your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00946-00189073-00189186 own project on a train
iTmGrq1J2XU-00947-00189187-00189408 we're only Daris could grow you fought
iTmGrq1J2XU-00948-00189409-00189578 against repression within the repressive
iTmGrq1J2XU-00949-00189579-00189807 apparatus itself you don't claim to have
iTmGrq1J2XU-00950-00189808-00189981 realized any of your own goals in that
iTmGrq1J2XU-00951-00189982-00190182 context you claim that was it was not
iTmGrq1J2XU-00952-00190183-00190308 your intention to contribute to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00953-00190309-00190529 realization of their goals are you sure
iTmGrq1J2XU-00954-00190530-00190671 you didn't in fact strengthen their
iTmGrq1J2XU-00955-00190672-00190923 goals the apparatus is goals by your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00956-00190924-00191102 mere presence within it did your
iTmGrq1J2XU-00957-00191103-00191364 intentions really matter it's not Vera's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00958-00191365-00191511 intentions that make her a bureaucrat
iTmGrq1J2XU-00959-00191512-00191763 but her social activity her intentions
iTmGrq1J2XU-00960-00191764-00191943 are to quote find a way out of our
iTmGrq1J2XU-00961-00191944-00192108 bureaucratic attitudes and to quote
iTmGrq1J2XU-00962-00192109-00192309 creating an atmosphere favourable to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00963-00192310-00192522 growth of initiative in terms of her
iTmGrq1J2XU-00964-00192523-00192716 intentions Vera is probably still a very
iTmGrq1J2XU-00965-00192717-00192957 devoted revolutionary the humorous and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00966-00192958-00193098 quick witted militant you remember him
iTmGrq1J2XU-00967-00193099-00193293 I'm sure that in her own eyes she's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00968-00193294-00193473 devoted not to herself but to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00969-00193474-00193683 workers cause now they're not to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00970-00193684-00193865 repressive apparatus but to society's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00971-00193866-00194112 liberation from it but in her daily life
iTmGrq1J2XU-00972-00194113-00194271 she's an integral part of the repressive
iTmGrq1J2XU-00973-00194272-00194436 apparatus and she's determined to remain
iTmGrq1J2XU-00974-00194437-00194631 within it the bridge between her
iTmGrq1J2XU-00975-00194632-00194796 intentions and her practice is the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00976-00194797-00194982 ideology which allows her to equate her
iTmGrq1J2XU-00977-00194983-00195140 own success with the success of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00978-00195141-00195191 workers
iTmGrq1J2XU-00979-00195192-00195384 I'm sure Vera is convinced that the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00980-00195385-00195527 higher she rises in the bureaucratic
iTmGrq1J2XU-00981-00195528-00195783 apparatus the closer we all are to
iTmGrq1J2XU-00982-00195784-00195941 finding our way out of bureaucratic
iTmGrq1J2XU-00983-00195942-00196178 attitudes and the greater the power she
iTmGrq1J2XU-00984-00196179-00196323 and her friends are able to exercise
iTmGrq1J2XU-00985-00196324-00196500 over the rest of society the more
iTmGrq1J2XU-00986-00196501-00196683 favourable the atmosphere becomes for
iTmGrq1J2XU-00987-00196684-00196896 the growth of initiative she identifies
iTmGrq1J2XU-00988-00196897-00197031 her importance in the repressive
iTmGrq1J2XU-00989-00197032-00197240 apparatus with the workers cause and her
iTmGrq1J2XU-00990-00197241-00197409 freedom to exercise repressive powers
iTmGrq1J2XU-00991-00197410-00197568 with society's liberation from
iTmGrq1J2XU-00992-00197569-00197828 repression if his repressive ideology
iTmGrq1J2XU-00993-00197829-00198018 were confined to Vera Crenna she could
iTmGrq1J2XU-00994-00198019-00198162 be dismissed as a very cynical and
iTmGrq1J2XU-00995-00198163-00198327 profoundly deluded individual and the
iTmGrq1J2XU-00996-00198328-00198486 rest of us could then turn to life's
iTmGrq1J2XU-00997-00198487-00198732 real problems but Vera's delusions are
iTmGrq1J2XU-00998-00198733-00198941 not confined to Vera and Adrian they're
iTmGrq1J2XU-00999-00198942-00199158 shared to some extent by all of us even
iTmGrq1J2XU-01000-00199159-00199326 by people who can't use these delusions
iTmGrq1J2XU-01001-00199327-00199564 as masks for their own private ambitions
iTmGrq1J2XU-01002-00199565-00199821 Vera's applauding audiences share her
iTmGrq1J2XU-01003-00199822-00200076 delusions people with whom I work share
iTmGrq1J2XU-01004-00200077-00200114 them
iTmGrq1J2XU-01005-00200115-00200448 Yara shares them you share them when we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01006-00200449-00200591 shut down the cotton plant in order
iTmGrq1J2XU-01007-00200592-00200781 to ask the union functionary we began to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01008-00200782-00200912 find our way out of the bureaucratic
iTmGrq1J2XU-01009-00200913-00201048 society and to create an atmosphere
iTmGrq1J2XU-01010-00201049-00201254 favorable to our own growth and our own
iTmGrq1J2XU-01011-00201255-00201468 freedom but when we praised the speech
iTmGrq1J2XU-01012-00201469-00201645 of a radio politician we back away from
iTmGrq1J2XU-01013-00201646-00201824 our own deed and return to the safety
iTmGrq1J2XU-01014-00201825-00202068 rein of the official delusion the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01015-00202069-00202238 delusion that we can't find our own way
iTmGrq1J2XU-01016-00202239-00202470 we revert to the comforting conviction
iTmGrq1J2XU-01017-00202471-00202613 that our growth and our freedom are
iTmGrq1J2XU-01018-00202614-00202770 being realized by one another politician
iTmGrq1J2XU-01019-00202771-00203114 and like vera crema and her likes we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01020-00203115-00203322 identify our own growth and freedom with
iTmGrq1J2XU-01021-00203323-00203501 the advancement and power of politicians
iTmGrq1J2XU-01022-00203502-00203801 who are on our side we give up our own
iTmGrq1J2XU-01023-00203802-00203999 struggle and become passive admirers and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01024-00204000-00204278 supporters of our bureaucrat we renounce
iTmGrq1J2XU-01025-00204279-00204491 our projects and our potentialities and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01026-00204492-00204740 lodge them in our representatives who
iTmGrq1J2XU-01027-00204741-00205031 realize them for us their programs and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01028-00205032-00205200 commitments of Crenna and parmesan are
iTmGrq1J2XU-01029-00205201-00205353 nothing but veils which cover their own
iTmGrq1J2XU-01030-00205354-00205613 private goals theories of liberation are
iTmGrq1J2XU-01031-00205614-00205883 the clothes of dictators vera Crenna
iTmGrq1J2XU-01032-00205884-00206030 finds our way out of bureaucratic
iTmGrq1J2XU-01033-00206031-00206202 attitudes by marrying the head of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01034-00206203-00206387 State Bank by using his influence to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01035-00206388-00206567 imprison the University rector by
iTmGrq1J2XU-01036-00206569-00206754 replacing the former rector by rising to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01037-00206755-00206885 the post of deputy minister of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01038-00206886-00207089 ideological Commission farik Reyna
iTmGrq1J2XU-01039-00207090-00207233 serves the cause of the workers by
iTmGrq1J2XU-01040-00207234-00207402 reviving her love affair with Adrian
iTmGrq1J2XU-01041-00207403-00207623 poverty by promoting parva sham to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01042-00207625-00207833 member and then chairman and we sit by
iTmGrq1J2XU-01043-00207834-00208013 our radios and newspapers and miring the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01044-00208014-00208184 progress of our struggles and the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01045-00208185-00208401 flowering of our humanity during the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01046-00208402-00208532 official daily sessions and the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01047-00208533-00208763 unofficial nightly sessions our projects
iTmGrq1J2XU-01048-00208764-00208979 and our freedom become mere concepts the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01049-00208980-00209159 reality behind the concepts consists of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01050-00209160-00209306 the love affairs of the Deputy Minister
iTmGrq1J2XU-01051-00209307-00209462 and the chairman of the Commission of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01052-00209463-00209639 problems of standard of living our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01053-00209640-00209855 struggle has played out in the quarters
iTmGrq1J2XU-01054-00209856-00210066 of government palaces and the bedrooms
iTmGrq1J2XU-01055-00210067-00210366 of country houses we identify our lives
iTmGrq1J2XU-01056-00210367-00210528 with the private lives of bureaucrats
iTmGrq1J2XU-01057-00210529-00210692 because our own lives have stopped being
iTmGrq1J2XU-01058-00210694-00210956 real to us we have no projects only the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01059-00210957-00211140 rulers have projects if we nevertheless
iTmGrq1J2XU-01060-00211141-00211355 want projects we think we can have them
iTmGrq1J2XU-01061-00211356-00211503 only in the world of the about
iTmGrq1J2XU-01062-00211504-00211713 all-powerful bureaucrats not in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01063-00211714-00211941 world we share with others like us thus
iTmGrq1J2XU-01064-00211942-00212117 we seek to realize ourselves by negating
iTmGrq1J2XU-01065-00212119-00212292 ourselves we seek to express ourselves
iTmGrq1J2XU-01066-00212292-00212492 not directly not as individuals but
iTmGrq1J2XU-01067-00212494-00212712 indirectly as voices magnified a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01068-00212713-00212916 thousandfold by electronic instruments
iTmGrq1J2XU-01069-00212917-00213138 we seek to communicate not within the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01070-00213139-00213339 community of our likes but within the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01071-00213340-00213521 community of written words the community
iTmGrq1J2XU-01072-00213523-00213809 of newspapers books and leaflets but in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01073-00213810-00213975 that community there is no communication
iTmGrq1J2XU-01074-00213976-00214134 because that's not a human community and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01075-00214135-00214287 we either accept our bureaucratic
iTmGrq1J2XU-01076-00214288-00214530 assignments or were evicted as outsiders
iTmGrq1J2XU-01077-00214531-00214716 I believe you fought bravely in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01078-00214717-00214898 university and on the newspaper staffs
iTmGrq1J2XU-01079-00214900-00215088 but I don't believe you took any steps
iTmGrq1J2XU-01080-00215089-00215241 toward the realization of your projects
iTmGrq1J2XU-01081-00215242-00215427 because I don't believe such steps can
iTmGrq1J2XU-01082-00215428-00215669 be taken in that world from our vantage
iTmGrq1J2XU-01083-00215671-00215871 point in repressive societies it's as
iTmGrq1J2XU-01084-00215871-00215982 hard to imagine a world without
iTmGrq1J2XU-01085-00215983-00216192 newspapers as it is to imagine a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01086-00216192-00216446 community of free human beings but if
iTmGrq1J2XU-01087-00216448-00216573 your whole life has been in search of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01088-00216573-00216756 such a community how could you possibly
iTmGrq1J2XU-01089-00216757-00216888 have thought you'd find it on a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01090-00216889-00217125 newspaper staff a community of free
iTmGrq1J2XU-01091-00217126-00217329 human beings is first of all a community
iTmGrq1J2XU-01092-00217330-00217488 in which every individual defines
iTmGrq1J2XU-01093-00217489-00217755 reality and it is on this basis that the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01094-00217756-00217931 community builds its own environment
iTmGrq1J2XU-01095-00217932-00218117 journalism can only exist where there
iTmGrq1J2XU-01096-00218119-00218307 are no free human beings where there is
iTmGrq1J2XU-01097-00218308-00218573 no community the person who specializes
iTmGrq1J2XU-01098-00218575-00218808 in informing others about the news is a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01099-00218809-00219075 usurper the newspaper establishes a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01100-00219076-00219288 reality which is common to all but alien
iTmGrq1J2XU-01101-00219289-00219588 to each a reality expressed by all which
iTmGrq1J2XU-01102-00219589-00219825 is the self-expression of none by
iTmGrq1J2XU-01103-00219826-00220089 letting the news be defined for us we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01104-00220090-00220260 allow our definition of reality to be
iTmGrq1J2XU-01105-00220261-00220442 imposed on us from outside ourselves and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01106-00220444-00220716 we lose our ability to define express or
iTmGrq1J2XU-01107-00220717-00220926 project ourselves we lose precisely
iTmGrq1J2XU-01108-00220927-00221112 those faculties that made us community
iTmGrq1J2XU-01109-00221113-00221367 communicative and communal animals the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01110-00221367-00221723 faculties that make us human beings you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01111-00221725-00221889 treat your exclusion from the University
iTmGrq1J2XU-01112-00221890-00222054 newspaper and from the oppositional
iTmGrq1J2XU-01113-00222055-00222267 newspaper as an exclusion from utopia
iTmGrq1J2XU-01114-00222267-00222486 and you describe your trip to subpoenas
iTmGrq1J2XU-01115-00222487-00222711 garage as a descent to the underworld in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01116-00222712-00222942 the newspaper world you saw yourself as
iTmGrq1J2XU-01117-00222942-00223137 a participant but in Sabinas world you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01118-00223138-00223329 saw yourself as a disoriented tourist
iTmGrq1J2XU-01119-00223330-00223571 yet the garage in which Sabina and her
iTmGrq1J2XU-01120-00223573-00223752 friends lived is an environment far more
iTmGrq1J2XU-01121-00223753-00223898 familiar to me than the world of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01122-00223900-00224160 University or the newspaper your descent
iTmGrq1J2XU-01123-00224161-00224373 to Sabinas world it is a descent to my
iTmGrq1J2XU-01124-00224373-00224637 world I recognized the people as well as
iTmGrq1J2XU-01125-00224638-00224856 the activities those are the people with
iTmGrq1J2XU-01126-00224857-00225033 whom I share it selves during both
iTmGrq1J2XU-01127-00225034-00225221 prison terms those are the activities
iTmGrq1J2XU-01128-00225223-00225429 and the choices I confronted when I was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01129-00225430-00225615 released from prison those the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01130-00225616-00225753 activities in which most of the people
iTmGrq1J2XU-01131-00225754-00225978 I've known have engaged I hope you're
iTmGrq1J2XU-01132-00225979-00226116 beginning to understand why I treated
iTmGrq1J2XU-01133-00226117-00226269 your previous letters as the letters of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01134-00226269-00226482 a stranger you described my world as a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01135-00226483-00226665 world which is far stranger far more
iTmGrq1J2XU-01136-00226666-00226839 exotic to you than your world ever was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01137-00226840-00227109 to me nevertheless you did descend from
iTmGrq1J2XU-01138-00227110-00227304 the world of the newspaper even if not
iTmGrq1J2XU-01139-00227305-00227358 by your own
iTmGrq1J2XU-01140-00227359-00227610 choice the moments during which you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01141-00227611-00227736 considered your alternatives in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01142-00227737-00227873 world below the propaganda apparatus
iTmGrq1J2XU-01143-00227875-00228123 must have been very much like the days I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01144-00228123-00228303 spent facing similar alternatives after
iTmGrq1J2XU-01145-00228304-00228540 my first release as soon as you start
iTmGrq1J2XU-01146-00228541-00228767 moving in environment very much like my
iTmGrq1J2XU-01147-00228769-00228998 own I understand you and I admire you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01148-00229000-00229161 I think Myrna was right when she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01149-00229162-00229317 compared your courage as well as your
iTmGrq1J2XU-01150-00229317-00229587 recklessness to yawns you refused to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01151-00229588-00229721 become a protected daughter or a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01152-00229723-00229956 protected wife you refused to sell your
iTmGrq1J2XU-01153-00229957-00230181 lay referral wage you left yourself no
iTmGrq1J2XU-01154-00230182-00230364 other choice but to descend yet further
iTmGrq1J2XU-01155-00230365-00230573 to a place you call the underworld and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01156-00230575-00230829 once they are you refused to submit to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01157-00230830-00231023 the requirements for survival imposed by
iTmGrq1J2XU-01158-00231025-00231258 that world you refused to sit inside a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01159-00231259-00231510 display window waiting to be bought I'm
iTmGrq1J2XU-01160-00231511-00231651 obviously very interested in learning
iTmGrq1J2XU-01161-00231652-00231869 what you did do in the garage operated
iTmGrq1J2XU-01162-00231871-00232101 by Sabina and her friends when you wrote
iTmGrq1J2XU-01163-00232102-00232257 about your search for genuine friends
iTmGrq1J2XU-01164-00232258-00232425 and for a human community and in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01165-00232426-00232587 world of academics and journalists I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01166-00232588-00232788 responded with hostility and I didn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-01167-00232789-00232983 understand your search but when you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01168-00232984-00233130 carry that search into the world of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01169-00233131-00233382 tissie Jose and Sabina I suddenly
iTmGrq1J2XU-01170-00233383-00233619 understand that's why I'd like to know
iTmGrq1J2XU-01171-00233619-00233846 what you did in subpoenas world why you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01172-00233848-00234117 and Samhita both left it why your only
iTmGrq1J2XU-01173-00234117-00234323 friend today is the pedagogue daemon it
iTmGrq1J2XU-01174-00234325-00234486 seems to me that your search is
iTmGrq1J2XU-01175-00234487-00234630 transformed as soon as you leave the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01176-00234631-00234783 academic world and descend to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01177-00234784-00234996 underworld looking for community in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01178-00234996-00235158 world of academics is like looking for
iTmGrq1J2XU-01179-00235159-00235373 trust among informers or for sympathy
iTmGrq1J2XU-01180-00235375-00235626 among executioner's in that world it's
iTmGrq1J2XU-01181-00235627-00235827 impossible to distinguish the desire for
iTmGrq1J2XU-01182-00235828-00236034 self-realization as a human being from
iTmGrq1J2XU-01183-00236035-00236198 the desire for self-realization as a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01184-00236200-00236421 bureaucrat it's only when you descend
iTmGrq1J2XU-01185-00236421-00236577 among those who are nothing in a society
iTmGrq1J2XU-01186-00236578-00236757 that your search becomes meaningful as a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01187-00236758-00236907 struggle against the society
iTmGrq1J2XU-01188-00236908-00237221 tissie Jose Ted are nothing in order to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01189-00237223-00237360 become anything at all they have to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01190-00237361-00237576 become everything all at once and that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01191-00237577-00237696 can only happen through the complete
iTmGrq1J2XU-01192-00237696-00237888 destruction of the society for them
iTmGrq1J2XU-01193-00237889-00238073 there are neither transitional stages
iTmGrq1J2XU-01194-00238075-00238290 nor illusory victories along the way to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01195-00238291-00238506 self-realization to look for a human
iTmGrq1J2XU-01196-00238507-00238656 community among them is to look for the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01197-00238657-00238791 destruction of everything that makes
iTmGrq1J2XU-01198-00238792-00238971 them and their likes and underworld I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01199-00238971-00239196 think I share your lifelong commitment
iTmGrq1J2XU-01200-00239196-00239409 but I also think you don't grasp the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01201-00239410-00239598 nature of that commitment you still
iTmGrq1J2XU-01202-00239598-00239739 refer to our experience in the carton
iTmGrq1J2XU-01203-00239740-00239913 plant 20 years ago as the original
iTmGrq1J2XU-01204-00239914-00240132 stimulus for your commitment I think the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01205-00240133-00240294 project and community you see were as
iTmGrq1J2XU-01206-00240294-00240462 absent from that experience as they were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01207-00240463-00240681 from all your subsequent experiences
iTmGrq1J2XU-01208-00240682-00240834 I think that experience played an
iTmGrq1J2XU-01209-00240835-00240966 altogether different role in your life
iTmGrq1J2XU-01210-00240967-00241080 than the moment from the one you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01211-00241081-00241302 attribute to it I think your attachment
iTmGrq1J2XU-01212-00241303-00241458 to that experience stems from a desire
iTmGrq1J2XU-01213-00241459-00241707 to materialize your dreams a desire to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01214-00241708-00241892 visualize what cannot be visualized a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01215-00241894-00242079 desire to resurrect what can only be
iTmGrq1J2XU-01216-00242080-00242385 created I share your commitment if it's
iTmGrq1J2XU-01217-00242386-00242601 a commitment not to a corpse but to a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01218-00242602-00242766 community that has never existed a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01219-00242767-00242985 community that cannot coexist with the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01220-00242986-00243207 world that represses it but I don't
iTmGrq1J2XU-01221-00243208-00243317 share your understanding of that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01222-00243319-00243537 commitment by locating its source in a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01223-00243538-00243717 repressive experience you make the goal
iTmGrq1J2XU-01224-00243717-00244011 itself repressive yet I also understand
iTmGrq1J2XU-01225-00244012-00244230 your desire to resurrect the past you're
iTmGrq1J2XU-01226-00244231-00244458 not unique in having such desires when I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01227-00244459-00244584 was first released from prison
iTmGrq1J2XU-01228-00244585-00244785 I wanted to relive the very experiences
iTmGrq1J2XU-01229-00244786-00244923 you've placed at the center of your life
iTmGrq1J2XU-01230-00244923-00245151 the Lisa's life has arrived around the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01231-00245152-00245307 Revolution she experienced before she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01232-00245308-00245541 came here every politician seems to be
iTmGrq1J2XU-01233-00245542-00245703 motivated by the dream of stepping into
iTmGrq1J2XU-01234-00245704-00245940 the shoes of a past prophet dictator or
iTmGrq1J2XU-01235-00245941-00246201 executioner nor is this desire to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01236-00246202-00246369 resurrect the past confined to priests
iTmGrq1J2XU-01237-00246369-00246615 and politicians it's probably shared by
iTmGrq1J2XU-01238-00246616-00246848 all individuals who have desires I think
iTmGrq1J2XU-01239-00246850-00247002 it's related to your commitment but very
iTmGrq1J2XU-01240-00247003-00247176 differently from the way you say it is
iTmGrq1J2XU-01241-00247177-00247371 after my first release from prison I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01242-00247371-00247536 would probably have expressed myself in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01243-00247537-00247758 terms very similar to yours I didn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-01244-00247759-00247896 only feel hostile towards the police
iTmGrq1J2XU-01245-00247896-00248082 society into which I had been released I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01246-00248083-00248417 also felt that I had lost something that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01247-00248419-00248613 something was missing something I had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01248-00248614-00248832 learned - one like you I thought that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01249-00248833-00249009 this missing element was something I had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01250-00249010-00249194 possessed sometime in the past perhaps
iTmGrq1J2XU-01251-00249196-00249366 during the agitation at the carton plant
iTmGrq1J2XU-01252-00249367-00249569 or during the resistance or perhaps only
iTmGrq1J2XU-01253-00249571-00249741 when I had listened to Lewis's accounts
iTmGrq1J2XU-01254-00249742-00249879 of the revolution she she had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01255-00249880-00250101 experienced I was convinced that I had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01256-00250102-00250292 been whole and alive in the past and I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01257-00250294-00250458 wanted to be whole and alive again I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01258-00250459-00250673 wanted to resurrect the past situation
iTmGrq1J2XU-01259-00250675-00250914 if my memory isn't exaggerating I think
iTmGrq1J2XU-01260-00250915-00251109 I was at the time convinced that anyone
iTmGrq1J2XU-01261-00251110-00251286 who had experienced such a community and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01262-00251287-00251457 wanted to resurrect it was an insurgent
iTmGrq1J2XU-01263-00251458-00251778 my comrade and my like I sensed that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01264-00251779-00251931 myrna had a similar dream and a similar
iTmGrq1J2XU-01265-00251932-00252156 commitment I thought she too had lost a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01266-00252157-00252336 community and that she too was committed
iTmGrq1J2XU-01267-00252337-00252533 to resurrecting her lost community I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01268-00252534-00252750 idealized the village where she spent
iTmGrq1J2XU-01269-00252751-00252909 her first six years of her life I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01270-00252910-00253128 imagined that she had lost the rebirth
iTmGrq1J2XU-01271-00253129-00253292 of plant life in springtime
iTmGrq1J2XU-01272-00253294-00253509 the summer walks in the countryside the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01273-00253510-00253728 chores as well as the festivals the wood
iTmGrq1J2XU-01274-00253729-00253863 burning during the long winter
iTmGrq1J2XU-01275-00253864-00254064 above all I thought she had lost a world
iTmGrq1J2XU-01276-00254065-00254258 human beings each of whom had recognized
iTmGrq1J2XU-01277-00254259-00254528 the others humanity the war and the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01278-00254529-00254681 occupation had driven the said blacks
iTmGrq1J2XU-01279-00254682-00254889 out of that community they had tried to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01280-00254890-00255032 resurrect the village environment on the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01281-00255033-00255273 fringes of this bureaucratic city miRNA
iTmGrq1J2XU-01282-00255273-00255438 seemed awkward and out of place I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01283-00255439-00255659 interpreted her awkwardness as a form of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01284-00255660-00255809 resistance to the environment to which
iTmGrq1J2XU-01285-00255810-00255992 she'd been brought as a form of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01286-00255994-00256154 affirmation of the community she'd been
iTmGrq1J2XU-01287-00256155-00256385 forced to abandon I saw Myrna as a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01288-00256386-00256575 patient but committed to insurgent
iTmGrq1J2XU-01289-00256576-00256748 determined not to lose forever the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01290-00256750-00256898 communal relationships she had once
iTmGrq1J2XU-01291-00256900-00257171 experienced I understood miRNAs life the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01292-00257173-00257376 same way I understood my own the same
iTmGrq1J2XU-01293-00257377-00257519 way you still understand yours
iTmGrq1J2XU-01294-00257521-00257766 I thought all her gestures including her
iTmGrq1J2XU-01295-00257767-00257940 attachment to me were motivated by a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01296-00257941-00258167 search similar to mine a search for
iTmGrq1J2XU-01297-00258169-00258387 something lost for something missing for
iTmGrq1J2XU-01298-00258388-00258651 something she had learned to want I was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01299-00258652-00258846 wrong about Myrna as I was about myself
iTmGrq1J2XU-01300-00258846-00259106 and I'm convinced you're just as wrong
iTmGrq1J2XU-01301-00259107-00259338 about yourself the community I thought
iTmGrq1J2XU-01302-00259339-00259484 Myrna had lost was a product of my
iTmGrq1J2XU-01303-00259485-00259733 imagination her actual village was no
iTmGrq1J2XU-01304-00259734-00259844 more of the community than the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01305-00259846-00259950 neighborhood into which her family
iTmGrq1J2XU-01306-00259951-00260092 settled on the outskirts of the city
iTmGrq1J2XU-01307-00260094-00260316 later on Myrna told me that when she'd
iTmGrq1J2XU-01308-00260317-00260459 still lived in her village she dreamed
iTmGrq1J2XU-01309-00260460-00260664 only of moving to the city and once in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01310-00260665-00260790 the city she'd never dreamed of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01311-00260791-00260996 returning to the village I don't know if
iTmGrq1J2XU-01312-00260998-00261155 a genuine community ever existed in a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01313-00261156-00261213 peasant village
iTmGrq1J2XU-01314-00261214-00261494 I doubt it even if it did this community
iTmGrq1J2XU-01315-00261496-00261669 disintegrated so long ago that our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01316-00261669-00261827 memories couldn't possibly retain any
iTmGrq1J2XU-01317-00261828-00262052 trace of it Mona's village like all
iTmGrq1J2XU-01318-00262053-00262239 other villages that survived today was a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01319-00262240-00262460 food factory its inhabitants were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01320-00262461-00262685 commodity producers its project was the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01321-00262686-00262994 production and sale of merchandise I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01322-00262995-00263199 idealized Marta's village for the same
iTmGrq1J2XU-01323-00263200-00263364 reason that I idealized my own past
iTmGrq1J2XU-01324-00263365-00263664 experience because it was the past since
iTmGrq1J2XU-01325-00263665-00263852 that past experience existed only in my
iTmGrq1J2XU-01326-00263853-00264032 memory I continually infused it with
iTmGrq1J2XU-01327-00264033-00264216 present desires until it grew into a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01328-00264217-00264431 golden age a utopia that contained
iTmGrq1J2XU-01329-00264432-00264680 everything my present lacked I think
iTmGrq1J2XU-01330-00264681-00264795 this is what you've done with your
iTmGrq1J2XU-01331-00264796-00264969 experience in the carton plant you've
iTmGrq1J2XU-01332-00264970-00265181 made it your utopia you've convinced
iTmGrq1J2XU-01333-00265182-00265328 yourself that had contained people
iTmGrq1J2XU-01334-00265329-00265521 relations and projects you haven't been
iTmGrq1J2XU-01335-00265522-00265760 able to find sense but by doing this we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01336-00265761-00265901 turned our heads backward while we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01337-00265902-00266084 continued to walk forward my
iTmGrq1J2XU-01338-00266085-00266234 understanding of Marta wasn't only wrong
iTmGrq1J2XU-01339-00266235-00266507 it was inverted Myrna herself unlike you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01340-00266508-00266705 and me never looked for her future in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01341-00266706-00266973 her past she wasn't self-satisfied like
iTmGrq1J2XU-01342-00266974-00267168 the numerous complacent Patriots who
iTmGrq1J2XU-01343-00267169-00267345 neither you nor I seemed to include
iTmGrq1J2XU-01344-00267346-00267417 among our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01345-00267418-00267648 says she wasn't submissive like her
iTmGrq1J2XU-01346-00267649-00267849 mother who accepted whatever happened as
iTmGrq1J2XU-01347-00267850-00268077 the inevitable unwinding of fate nor was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01348-00268078-00268236 she an opportunist like those of our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01349-00268237-00268392 friends who waited for a buyer to offer
iTmGrq1J2XU-01350-00268393-00268560 them a future in exchange for their
iTmGrq1J2XU-01351-00268561-00268614 lives
iTmGrq1J2XU-01352-00268615-00268848 myrna's life like yours and mine was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01353-00268849-00269079 motivated by a search but it wasn't a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01354-00269080-00269274 search for something she had lost if
iTmGrq1J2XU-01355-00269275-00269436 something was missing in her urban world
iTmGrq1J2XU-01356-00269437-00269607 it wasn't something that it existed in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01357-00269608-00269679 her village
iTmGrq1J2XU-01358-00269680-00269901 whatever was missing in her present had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01359-00269902-00270105 already been missing in her past what
iTmGrq1J2XU-01360-00270106-00270267 she felt in the city was not nostalgia
iTmGrq1J2XU-01361-00270268-00270417 for the village but relief and having
iTmGrq1J2XU-01362-00270418-00270630 left it near the end of your letter you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01363-00270631-00270879 say that for me quote it's so clear and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01364-00270880-00271017 obvious where the opportunities and lies
iTmGrq1J2XU-01365-00271018-00271284 I only I only wish it were clear and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01366-00271285-00271479 obvious to me it's only clear and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01367-00271480-00271623 obvious that during most of the time I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01368-00271624-00271812 spent out of prison I've collaborated in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01369-00271813-00271938 the reproduction of the repressive
iTmGrq1J2XU-01370-00271939-00272136 apparatus to me it's clear and obvious
iTmGrq1J2XU-01371-00272137-00272379 that whatever it was Myrna saw she has
iTmGrq1J2XU-01372-00272380-00272616 only moved further away from it it's not
iTmGrq1J2XU-01373-00272617-00272685 so clear
iTmGrq1J2XU-01374-00272686-00272916 were the opportunism wise we've sold our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01375-00272917-00273105 lives in order to survive in this
iTmGrq1J2XU-01376-00273106-00273315 respect we don't differ from Vera Adrian
iTmGrq1J2XU-01377-00273316-00273546 or Mark Clavin II they were once rebels
iTmGrq1J2XU-01378-00273547-00273777 too like you and me they too were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01379-00273778-00273900 motivated by search for something
iTmGrq1J2XU-01380-00273901-00274143 missing they too felt desires and were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01381-00274144-00274368 pressed by the ruling Society but unlike
iTmGrq1J2XU-01382-00274369-00274584 Myrna you and me they didn't sell only
iTmGrq1J2XU-01383-00274585-00274782 their lives in order to survive they
iTmGrq1J2XU-01384-00274783-00275058 also sold their desires they weren't
iTmGrq1J2XU-01385-00275059-00275196 unwilling collaborators in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01386-00275197-00275325 reproduction of the repressive apparatus
iTmGrq1J2XU-01387-00275326-00275577 but became its carriers and its
iTmGrq1J2XU-01388-00275578-00275805 functionaries they appropriated its
iTmGrq1J2XU-01389-00275806-00276048 desire the desire to contain repress and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01390-00276049-00276270 extinguish the humanity of each the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01391-00276271-00276456 extension of their initial goal became
iTmGrq1J2XU-01392-00276457-00276681 their project they realized themselves
iTmGrq1J2XU-01393-00276682-00276855 within the apparatus that makes self
iTmGrq1J2XU-01394-00276856-00277182 realization impossible Vera mark Adrian
iTmGrq1J2XU-01395-00277183-00277389 and Claude are on the upper levels of a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01396-00277390-00277632 pyramid while we're at its base we've
iTmGrq1J2XU-01397-00277633-00277788 wanted and we've tried to overthrow the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01398-00277789-00277986 pyramid yet we've been among those who
iTmGrq1J2XU-01399-00277987-00278286 supported it we did it in order to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01400-00278287-00278541 survive we were opportunists to that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01401-00278542-00278787 extent we sold our humanity in order to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01402-00278788-00279069 keep it by selling it we lost it we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01403-00279070-00279213 merely added to the weight that crushed
iTmGrq1J2XU-01404-00279214-00279492 us by surviving we kept alive not our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01405-00279493-00279684 humanity but at least its potential and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01406-00279685-00279927 by keeping alive that potential that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01407-00279928-00280092 nothing which can at any moment become
iTmGrq1J2XU-01408-00280093-00280299 something we've kept alive a flame that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01409-00280300-00280512 can at any moment set a fire to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01410-00280513-00280698 entire bureaucratic pyramid we call
iTmGrq1J2XU-01411-00280699-00280805 society
iTmGrq1J2XU-01412-00280806-00280994 I think an opportunist is an individual
iTmGrq1J2XU-01413-00280995-00281214 who extinguishes that flame and I think
iTmGrq1J2XU-01414-00281215-00281367 what you call your search for community
iTmGrq1J2XU-01415-00281368-00281546 is the struggle to keep that potential
iTmGrq1J2XU-01416-00281547-00281838 alive when Myrna and I were married we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01417-00281839-00282101 confirmed the reality of our desires but
iTmGrq1J2XU-01418-00282102-00282312 because we found them in each other both
iTmGrq1J2XU-01419-00282313-00282479 of us expected the future to be nothing
iTmGrq1J2XU-01420-00282480-00282668 like the present or the past and each of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01421-00282669-00282800 us thought this feature was guaranteed
iTmGrq1J2XU-01422-00282801-00283054 by the other we were both wrong
iTmGrq1J2XU-01423-00283055-00283268 after our marriage the world remained
iTmGrq1J2XU-01424-00283269-00283460 the same the only change was that I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01425-00283461-00283601 replaced her brother in her parents
iTmGrq1J2XU-01426-00283602-00283658 house
iTmGrq1J2XU-01427-00283659-00283856 we continued to live on the outskirts of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01428-00283857-00284108 the city and urban worker though I was I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01429-00284109-00284305 drove a bus just like her father
iTmGrq1J2XU-01430-00284306-00284549 myrna's enthusiasm her lust for life
iTmGrq1J2XU-01431-00284550-00284814 adventure and change were frustrated she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01432-00284815-00285002 talked to less our walks grew shorter
iTmGrq1J2XU-01433-00285003-00285227 she didn't tell me she was unhappy she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01434-00285228-00285393 didn't even hint that she wanted to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01435-00285394-00285584 leave her parents house not that I was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01436-00285585-00285752 observant enough to understand a hint I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01437-00285753-00285995 was too busy proselytizing telling her
iTmGrq1J2XU-01438-00285996-00286242 about Lewis's experiences she made me
iTmGrq1J2XU-01439-00286243-00286349 feel self-conscious
iTmGrq1J2XU-01440-00286350-00286508 just as Yann did whenever he came to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01441-00286509-00286713 visit I talked and I remained where I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01442-00286714-00286914 was I even talked about driving that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01443-00286915-00287141 wretched bus and I continued to drive it
iTmGrq1J2XU-01444-00287142-00287372 it was Yan who finally put an end to a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01445-00287373-00287498 situation that couldn't have gone on
iTmGrq1J2XU-01446-00287499-00287699 much longer he asked if I'd be willing
iTmGrq1J2XU-01447-00287700-00287870 to work in a vehicle repair Depot where
iTmGrq1J2XU-01448-00287871-00288029 he worked at the opposite end of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01449-00288030-00288245 city the possibility of working with the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01450-00288246-00288401 on appealed to me but I didn't like the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01451-00288402-00288518 idea of spending two hours a day
iTmGrq1J2XU-01452-00288519-00288698 traveling on a bus in addition to eight
iTmGrq1J2XU-01453-00288699-00288920 hours of the Depot you could get an
iTmGrq1J2XU-01454-00288921-00289140 apartment Yan suggested Myrna would
iTmGrq1J2XU-01455-00289141-00289409 welcome the change I obviously didn't go
iTmGrq1J2XU-01456-00289410-00289631 to the depot to apply for the job such a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01457-00289632-00289796 procedure is archaic under the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01458-00289797-00290018 dictatorship of the proletariat I don't
iTmGrq1J2XU-01459-00290019-00290147 really know if anyone gets a job that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01460-00290148-00290391 way anymore I got my second job the way
iTmGrq1J2XU-01461-00290392-00290597 I've gotten the bus driving job Yan went
iTmGrq1J2XU-01462-00290598-00290747 to the trade union building next door to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01463-00290748-00290954 the depot spoke to Titus zebra and Titus
iTmGrq1J2XU-01464-00290955-00291044 pulled some strings
iTmGrq1J2XU-01465-00291045-00291305 an official pulled strings and some
iTmGrq1J2XU-01466-00291306-00291434 workers I've met thought they'd won a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01467-00291435-00291710 victory 20 years ago I didn't even have
iTmGrq1J2XU-01468-00291711-00291875 to go to Titus's office the second time
iTmGrq1J2XU-01469-00291876-00292137 Yann went alone he told me tidies picked
iTmGrq1J2XU-01470-00292138-00292298 up the phone listed the qualifications
iTmGrq1J2XU-01471-00292299-00292550 of the mechanic Moran said Lac and told
iTmGrq1J2XU-01472-00292551-00292673 Yan that I would start working in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01473-00292674-00292890 depot the following Monday I suppose
iTmGrq1J2XU-01474-00292891-00293054 everyone must know someone like Titus
iTmGrq1J2XU-01475-00293055-00293262 abran I wonder what happens to people
iTmGrq1J2XU-01476-00293263-00293525 who don't this was the third time he had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01477-00293526-00293696 pulled me out of a trap and it wasn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-01478-00293697-00293756 the last
iTmGrq1J2XU-01479-00293757-00293940 what Kia tied his apron the power to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01480-00293941-00294171 pull strings my powerlessness
iTmGrq1J2XU-01481-00294172-00294315 if I had picked up the telephone and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01482-00294316-00294510 introduced myself as Yaris tan or Miran
iTmGrq1J2XU-01483-00294511-00294663 the person at the other end would have
iTmGrq1J2XU-01484-00294664-00294834 laughed and said comrade if you're not
iTmGrq1J2XU-01485-00294835-00295026 an official you can't be heard this is a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01486-00295027-00295311 people's democracy for several weeks I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01487-00295312-00295503 actually enjoyed my new job I had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01488-00295504-00295680 repaired presses in the carton plant but
iTmGrq1J2XU-01489-00295681-00295887 I had never dismantled a vehicle I was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01490-00295888-00296043 impressed by the ingenuity of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01491-00296044-00296214 generations of workmen who had connected
iTmGrq1J2XU-01492-00296215-00296388 the power of an engine to the motion of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01493-00296389-00296577 axles and wheels without concerning
iTmGrq1J2XU-01494-00296578-00296739 themselves about the use to which their
iTmGrq1J2XU-01495-00296740-00296967 work would be put would they have worked
iTmGrq1J2XU-01496-00296968-00297114 so hard if they had known what their
iTmGrq1J2XU-01497-00297115-00297387 work was for or didn't make care after
iTmGrq1J2XU-01498-00297388-00297513 the first few weeks the work became
iTmGrq1J2XU-01499-00297514-00297774 familiar and then routine my initial log
iTmGrq1J2XU-01500-00297775-00297924 gave way to resentment toward the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01501-00297925-00298095 tinkerers who had given their lives to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01502-00298096-00298275 the project of transporting ever larger
iTmGrq1J2XU-01503-00298276-00298461 quantities of commodities with even
iTmGrq1J2XU-01504-00298462-00298749 greater speed working alongside young I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01505-00298750-00298935 couldn't forget what my work was for
iTmGrq1J2XU-01506-00298936-00299214 because he continually reminded me once
iTmGrq1J2XU-01507-00299215-00299382 when I was still new on the job I went
iTmGrq1J2XU-01508-00299383-00299517 on working on an engine when the others
iTmGrq1J2XU-01509-00299518-00299730 took a smoking break young grabbed my
iTmGrq1J2XU-01510-00299731-00299853 wrench and asked what's your hurry
iTmGrq1J2XU-01511-00299854-00300105 brother if the buses pile up some people
iTmGrq1J2XU-01512-00300106-00300237 won't be able to get to work and they'll
iTmGrq1J2XU-01513-00300238-00300486 have the day off he didn't let any of us
iTmGrq1J2XU-01514-00300487-00300636 forget that the buses didn't serve our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01515-00300637-00300843 aims but only the managers the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01516-00300844-00301074 bureaucracies the state's aims and that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01517-00301075-00301200 the faster we worked the more we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01518-00301201-00301368 increased the power of the forces that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01519-00301369-00301659 policed us yan didn't let any of us
iTmGrq1J2XU-01520-00301660-00301830 forget that those vehicles were not our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01521-00301831-00302112 project it was during those first few
iTmGrq1J2XU-01522-00302113-00302301 weeks on my new job when Myrna and I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01523-00302302-00302487 still lived in her parents house that I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01524-00302488-00302637 stopped trying to convert my host to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01525-00302638-00302834 wisdom I had learned from Louisa I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01526-00302835-00303078 finally gave up the project I embrace so
iTmGrq1J2XU-01527-00303079-00303228 enthusiastically when I first visited
iTmGrq1J2XU-01528-00303229-00303489 the said Lex the project of going to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01529-00303490-00303660 people with news about a past experience
iTmGrq1J2XU-01530-00303661-00303936 it wasn't only yawns hostility toward my
iTmGrq1J2XU-01531-00303937-00304113 missionary activity that made me give it
iTmGrq1J2XU-01532-00304114-00304338 up but also my own growling hostility
iTmGrq1J2XU-01533-00304339-00304571 towards it I became ridiculous to myself
iTmGrq1J2XU-01534-00304572-00304902 my situation my daily activity made me
iTmGrq1J2XU-01535-00304903-00305091 sense that my closely reasoned arguments
iTmGrq1J2XU-01536-00305092-00305274 weren't in coherent contradictory and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01537-00305275-00305517 irrational I spent an hour every morning
iTmGrq1J2XU-01538-00305518-00305682 and another every evening on a crowded
iTmGrq1J2XU-01539-00305683-00305928 bus usually standing letting myself be
iTmGrq1J2XU-01540-00305929-00306093 conveyed to and from a garage where I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01541-00306094-00306357 repaired buses some of my fellow
iTmGrq1J2XU-01542-00306358-00306531 passengers rode to factories where they
iTmGrq1J2XU-01543-00306532-00306687 produced the tools or the parts with
iTmGrq1J2XU-01544-00306688-00306945 which I repaired the buses I spent all
iTmGrq1J2XU-01545-00306946-00307110 the motion of my limbs tightening chains
iTmGrq1J2XU-01546-00307111-00307344 that bound us to a monster yet every
iTmGrq1J2XU-01547-00307345-00307513 evening I spoke to my hosts about a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01548-00307514-00307795 immunity of free human beings I had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01549-00307796-00308014 learned about such a community from
iTmGrq1J2XU-01550-00308015-00308251 Louisa one of my favorite stories had to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01551-00308252-00308386 do with workers who drove and repaired
iTmGrq1J2XU-01552-00308387-00308596 buses I told it to the said lakhs as
iTmGrq1J2XU-01553-00308597-00308773 enthusiastically as Louisa had told it
iTmGrq1J2XU-01554-00308774-00309028 to me bus drivers and repairmen like I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01555-00309029-00309238 Yan and his father had once turned
iTmGrq1J2XU-01556-00309239-00309424 against the monster they had taken over
iTmGrq1J2XU-01557-00309425-00309580 the entire transportation network of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01558-00309581-00309811 their city like a schoolboy reciting a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01559-00309812-00309970 memorized lesson I stressed the fact
iTmGrq1J2XU-01560-00309971-00310141 that shortly after the takeover the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01561-00310142-00310264 buses were again running on schedule
iTmGrq1J2XU-01562-00310265-00310495 they were again transporting workers to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01563-00310496-00310690 factories and buyers to markets they
iTmGrq1J2XU-01564-00310691-00310888 were again repaired the workers
iTmGrq1J2XU-01565-00310889-00310984 themselves were doing without
iTmGrq1J2XU-01566-00310985-00311182 capitalists and managers exactly what
iTmGrq1J2XU-01567-00311183-00311299 they had done with capitalists and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01568-00311300-00311524 managers in other words with naive
iTmGrq1J2XU-01569-00311525-00311746 enthusiasm I told my hosts over and over
iTmGrq1J2XU-01570-00311747-00311914 again that workers had defeated the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01571-00311915-00312082 monster and yet remained chained to it
iTmGrq1J2XU-01572-00312083-00312379 my hosts didn't respond they evidently
iTmGrq1J2XU-01573-00312380-00312517 didn't understand why I was so
iTmGrq1J2XU-01574-00312518-00312712 enthusiastic and they obviously didn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-01575-00312713-00312853 think that such a victory was worth a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01576-00312854-00313102 drop of workers blood why your friend
iTmGrq1J2XU-01577-00313103-00313294 Damon call me an intellectual I was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01578-00313295-00313450 educated and informed by Louisa
iTmGrq1J2XU-01579-00313451-00313696 if by no one else because of this
iTmGrq1J2XU-01580-00313697-00313867 education I had to think hard in order
iTmGrq1J2XU-01581-00313868-00314002 to figure out what was perfectly obvious
iTmGrq1J2XU-01582-00314003-00314293 to yan and his father who but workers
iTmGrq1J2XU-01583-00314294-00314443 have ever driven and repaired buses
iTmGrq1J2XU-01584-00314444-00314635 hooba workers have ever transported
iTmGrq1J2XU-01585-00314636-00314842 other workers to and from factories if
iTmGrq1J2XU-01586-00314843-00315058 those workers fought on barricades in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01587-00315059-00315208 order to do voluntarily what they'd been
iTmGrq1J2XU-01588-00315209-00315388 forced to do before then there was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01589-00315389-00315544 something wrong with those workers or
iTmGrq1J2XU-01590-00315545-00315811 else with Louisa story but my hosts were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01591-00315812-00315994 polite they didn't ask me if I'd be
iTmGrq1J2XU-01592-00315995-00316114 willing to risk my life in order to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01593-00316115-00316378 drive a bus quote on my own they'd heard
iTmGrq1J2XU-01594-00316379-00316582 such meaningless jargon before on the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01595-00316583-00316854 radio they still had high hopes for me
iTmGrq1J2XU-01596-00316855-00317125 but I lost my missionary zeal as well as
iTmGrq1J2XU-01597-00317126-00317269 my self assurance and grew increasingly
iTmGrq1J2XU-01598-00317270-00317500 depressed everything I knew was false
iTmGrq1J2XU-01599-00317501-00317649 and everything I did was harmful
iTmGrq1J2XU-01600-00317650-00317842 unbalanced it was my activity that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01601-00317843-00317974 bothered me more than my ignorance
iTmGrq1J2XU-01602-00317975-00318166 because I spent only a two hour a day
iTmGrq1J2XU-01603-00318167-00318343 talking compared to the ten I spent
iTmGrq1J2XU-01604-00318344-00318547 working and traveling you're perfectly
iTmGrq1J2XU-01605-00318548-00318799 right survival or not there's only one
iTmGrq1J2XU-01606-00318800-00318898 word for that activity
iTmGrq1J2XU-01607-00318899-00319171 it's prostitution from morning tonight I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01608-00319172-00319432 sold myself I exchanged my life for some
iTmGrq1J2XU-01609-00319433-00319651 of money what I knew or thought I knew
iTmGrq1J2XU-01610-00319652-00319879 was completely irrelevant I sold myself
iTmGrq1J2XU-01611-00319880-00320059 when I was a missionary and I continued
iTmGrq1J2XU-01612-00320060-00320224 selling myself after I stopped being a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01613-00320225-00320275 missionary
iTmGrq1J2XU-01614-00320276-00320470 the only Cronk reed thing I did with my
iTmGrq1J2XU-01615-00320471-00320677 life was to keep some busses running to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01616-00320678-00320824 contribute to the efficient circulation
iTmGrq1J2XU-01617-00320825-00320890 of commodity
iTmGrq1J2XU-01618-00320891-00321124 and labour-power the hope smyrna and i
iTmGrq1J2XU-01619-00321125-00321286 had shared vanished like childhood
iTmGrq1J2XU-01620-00321287-00321541 illusions about the adult world while i
iTmGrq1J2XU-01621-00321542-00321679 became increasingly depressed
iTmGrq1J2XU-01622-00321680-00321940 miRNA grew more hopeful Vesna was born
iTmGrq1J2XU-01623-00321941-00322147 shortly before I got my new job and to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01624-00322148-00322333 Myrna the birth of the child and my job
iTmGrq1J2XU-01625-00322334-00322507 transfer with the first of a series of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01626-00322508-00322687 changes that were going to transform our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01627-00322688-00322963 lives my job transfer confirmed some of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01628-00322964-00323215 her more extravagant expectations one
iTmGrq1J2XU-01629-00323216-00323383 day after I completely complained
iTmGrq1J2XU-01630-00323384-00323542 bitterly about the social function of my
iTmGrq1J2XU-01631-00323543-00323737 new job she said don't be such a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01632-00323738-00323911 pessimist that's only a beginning
iTmGrq1J2XU-01633-00323912-00324268 a beginning of what I didn't ask her but
iTmGrq1J2XU-01634-00324269-00324460 I think I knew it was the beginning of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01635-00324461-00324616 our journey from the village to an
iTmGrq1J2XU-01636-00324617-00324793 imaginary place where all desires could
iTmGrq1J2XU-01637-00324794-00325006 be fulfilled in her eyes I had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01638-00325007-00325156 apparently stepped backward into the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01639-00325157-00325303 village when I had become a bus driver
iTmGrq1J2XU-01640-00325304-00325510 like her father the move to her
iTmGrq1J2XU-01641-00325511-00325678 brother's job was a move out of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01642-00325679-00325900 village jaan lived by himself in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01643-00325901-00326104 city he didn't grow chickens or potatoes
iTmGrq1J2XU-01644-00326105-00326308 in his own backyard he was no longer a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01645-00326309-00326548 peasant but a worker and the fact that I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01646-00326549-00326749 moved it all confirmed her most profound
iTmGrq1J2XU-01647-00326750-00326956 hope it confirmed that I was able to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01648-00326957-00327172 move but it was only after I had been on
iTmGrq1J2XU-01649-00327173-00327331 my new job for several weeks after I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01650-00327332-00327463 asked her if she wanted to move closer
iTmGrq1J2XU-01651-00327464-00327625 to the center of the city that myrna
iTmGrq1J2XU-01652-00327626-00327853 expressed any of this an apartment in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01653-00327854-00328075 the city she exclaimed if you only knew
iTmGrq1J2XU-01654-00328076-00328234 how long I've dreamed of that and how
iTmGrq1J2XU-01655-00328235-00328384 I've been afraid that I'd never get
iTmGrq1J2XU-01656-00328385-00328591 there of course I want an apartment in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01657-00328592-00328783 the city there's no reason for vestment
iTmGrq1J2XU-01658-00328784-00328945 to be brought up by my mother when she's
iTmGrq1J2XU-01659-00328946-00329095 already so close to a different kind of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01660-00329096-00329290 life how badly I've wanted to leave
iTmGrq1J2XU-01661-00329291-00329488 Yarra Stan I hate it here didn't you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01662-00329489-00329815 know if I hadn't known I knew then it
iTmGrq1J2XU-01663-00329816-00330043 was becoming clear to me why my new job
iTmGrq1J2XU-01664-00330044-00330238 was a beginning it was the beginning of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01665-00330239-00330427 Mona's final break with the village the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01666-00330428-00330586 beginning of Mona's journey to the dream
iTmGrq1J2XU-01667-00330587-00330814 world she'd seen from far away the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01668-00330815-00330985 beginning of Vestas upbringing as an
iTmGrq1J2XU-01669-00330986-00331198 urban worker a citizen someone like Jana
iTmGrq1J2XU-01670-00331199-00331387 and Sabina the beginning of a different
iTmGrq1J2XU-01671-00331388-00331633 kind of life since neither of us had to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01672-00331634-00331813 be convinced our next problem was to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01673-00331814-00332050 find an apartment various monuments were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01674-00332051-00332191 built after the war to celebrate the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01675-00332192-00332383 workers victory but very little had been
iTmGrq1J2XU-01676-00332384-00332647 done to house the victorious workers the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01677-00332648-00332791 consciousness of the working class had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01678-00332792-00332968 to be housed first and all the new
iTmGrq1J2XU-01679-00332969-00333106 buildings were inhabited almost
iTmGrq1J2XU-01680-00333107-00333346 exclusively by bureaucrats I could have
iTmGrq1J2XU-01681-00333347-00333517 turned a tie to zebra and once again but
iTmGrq1J2XU-01682-00333518-00333655 I had misgivings about the strings he
iTmGrq1J2XU-01683-00333656-00333844 had already pulled for me I decided to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01684-00333845-00333991 consult the people with whom I worked in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01685-00333992-00334048 the depot
iTmGrq1J2XU-01686-00334049-00334273 that was how Yin found his place
iTmGrq1J2XU-01687-00334274-00334417 worker offered to share his apartment
iTmGrq1J2XU-01688-00334418-00334657 with young but since there were three of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01689-00334658-00334795 us this possibility was out of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01690-00334796-00334990 question my fellow workers promised to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01691-00334991-00335149 keep their eyes open for any vacancies
iTmGrq1J2XU-01692-00335150-00335245 that might turn up in their
iTmGrq1J2XU-01693-00335246-00335485 neighborhoods but weeks passed and then
iTmGrq1J2XU-01694-00335486-00335521 months
iTmGrq1J2XU-01695-00335522-00335788 miRNA grew impatient she decided to look
iTmGrq1J2XU-01696-00335789-00336031 on her own she visited addresses
iTmGrq1J2XU-01697-00336032-00336268 advertised in the newspaper they were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01698-00336269-00336435 all privately owned houses or apartments
iTmGrq1J2XU-01699-00336436-00336676 her experience was the same wherever she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01700-00336677-00336885 went she was asked what her husband did
iTmGrq1J2XU-01701-00336886-00337114 and as soon as she said mechanic she was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01702-00337115-00337255 told the apartment was already rented
iTmGrq1J2XU-01703-00337256-00337552 she cried as soon as she got home after
iTmGrq1J2XU-01704-00337553-00337621 four or five days
iTmGrq1J2XU-01705-00337622-00337948 she gave up finally several months after
iTmGrq1J2XU-01706-00337949-00338160 our search began one of the workers at
iTmGrq1J2XU-01707-00338161-00338329 the Depot told me there was a vacancy in
iTmGrq1J2XU-01708-00338330-00338455 the building across the street from
iTmGrq1J2XU-01709-00338456-00338653 where he lived I went to see the place
iTmGrq1J2XU-01710-00338654-00338857 as soon as I got off work the building
iTmGrq1J2XU-01711-00338858-00339031 was an ancient two-story mansion that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01712-00339032-00339210 had been divided up and turned into an
iTmGrq1J2XU-01713-00339211-00339396 apartment house already before the war
iTmGrq1J2XU-01714-00339397-00339655 after the coup the four downstairs and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01715-00339656-00339817 four upstairs apartments were classified
iTmGrq1J2XU-01716-00339818-00340159 as doubles so that the one-time single
iTmGrq1J2XU-01717-00340160-00340378 private house now consisted of 16 living
iTmGrq1J2XU-01718-00340379-00340642 units each double unit consisted of two
iTmGrq1J2XU-01719-00340643-00340768 bedrooms in a single living room
iTmGrq1J2XU-01720-00340769-00341032 bathroom and kitchen in other words the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01721-00341033-00341197 vacant apartment consisted of a vacant
iTmGrq1J2XU-01722-00341198-00341407 bed room an old worker who had occupied
iTmGrq1J2XU-01723-00341408-00341701 it had just died when I described the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01724-00341702-00341929 place to Myrna she was overjoyed she was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01725-00341930-00342100 so frustrated and so desperate that she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01726-00342101-00342241 gladly have run to a rat-infested
iTmGrq1J2XU-01727-00342242-00342448 basement that had been used to store
iTmGrq1J2XU-01728-00342449-00342703 coal all that matter was that there were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01729-00342704-00342871 neither geese nor chickens in the yard
iTmGrq1J2XU-01730-00342872-00343009 and that all the neighbors got their
iTmGrq1J2XU-01731-00343010-00343234 potatoes and vegetables from stores she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01732-00343235-00343357 didn't even want to see the place first
iTmGrq1J2XU-01733-00343358-00343576 we simply moved in and all her
iTmGrq1J2XU-01734-00343577-00343798 enthusiasm returned Myrna greeted and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01735-00343799-00343939 embraced our new neighbors as if they
iTmGrq1J2XU-01736-00343940-00344160 were long-lost friends she carried Vesna
iTmGrq1J2XU-01737-00344161-00344314 around the neighborhood in and out of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01738-00344315-00344503 all the stores as if to familiarize the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01739-00344504-00344683 baby with her new genuinely urban
iTmGrq1J2XU-01740-00344684-00344896 surroundings in the evenings we took
iTmGrq1J2XU-01741-00344897-00345106 long walks Myrna studied all the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01742-00345107-00345304 passers-by their expressions as well as
iTmGrq1J2XU-01743-00345305-00345514 their clothes she also studied all the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01744-00345515-00345637 commodities displayed in the store
iTmGrq1J2XU-01745-00345638-00345889 windows Myrna fulfilled her life's dream
iTmGrq1J2XU-01746-00345890-00346183 she became a city dweller a citizen the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01747-00346184-00346384 wife of a city worker with an apartment
iTmGrq1J2XU-01748-00346385-00346594 of her own and a child who would be no
iTmGrq1J2XU-01749-00346595-00346792 more of a country bumpkin than her urban
iTmGrq1J2XU-01750-00346793-00347032 neighbors or her brother but that school
iTmGrq1J2XU-01751-00347033-00347245 created dream masked a shallow reality
iTmGrq1J2XU-01752-00347246-00347449 she became everything she was going to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01753-00347450-00347590 become on the day she moved out of her
iTmGrq1J2XU-01754-00347591-00347647 parents house
iTmGrq1J2XU-01755-00347648-00347929 the following day or week or month she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01756-00347930-00348094 didn't become more of a citizen or more
iTmGrq1J2XU-01757-00348095-00348328 of a workers wife she didn't become more
iTmGrq1J2XU-01758-00348329-00348601 creative nor more imaginative nor after
iTmGrq1J2XU-01759-00348602-00348841 her enthusiasm dissipated more energetic
iTmGrq1J2XU-01760-00348842-00349069 she didn't become anything she hadn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-01761-00349070-00349294 been before she merely lost her life
iTmGrq1J2XU-01762-00349295-00349632 stream but that dream is a chameleon it
iTmGrq1J2XU-01763-00349633-00349771 changes whenever we think we've reached
iTmGrq1J2XU-01764-00349772-00349978 it Myrna knew that something had gone
iTmGrq1J2XU-01765-00349979-00350188 wrong that something was still missing I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01766-00350189-00350365 remember one of the statements she made
iTmGrq1J2XU-01767-00350366-00350614 only a few weeks after we moved quote I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01768-00350615-00350806 had expected everything to be so
iTmGrq1J2XU-01769-00350807-00351084 different she had expected a new life
iTmGrq1J2XU-01770-00351085-00351292 she had expected what you expressed with
iTmGrq1J2XU-01771-00351293-00351541 the words project and community but she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01772-00351542-00351732 didn't become desperate or depressed she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01773-00351733-00351909 still experienced reality as she'd been
iTmGrq1J2XU-01774-00351910-00352102 taught to experience it she held on to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01775-00352103-00352174 her dream
iTmGrq1J2XU-01776-00352175-00352372 the chameleon transformed itself
iTmGrq1J2XU-01777-00352373-00352567 whatever was still missing
iTmGrq1J2XU-01778-00352568-00352744 whatever she hadn't become could be
iTmGrq1J2XU-01779-00352745-00352987 bought in a store she didn't buy very
iTmGrq1J2XU-01780-00352988-00353181 much we had saved a considerable sum of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01781-00353182-00353314 money during the year when I had driven
iTmGrq1J2XU-01782-00353315-00353518 the bus and we had lived in Eaton at her
iTmGrq1J2XU-01783-00353519-00353596 parents house
iTmGrq1J2XU-01784-00353597-00353845 she spent very little of it she's always
iTmGrq1J2XU-01785-00353846-00354057 been afraid to spend money but a few
iTmGrq1J2XU-01786-00354058-00354234 things she did buy were very important
iTmGrq1J2XU-01787-00354235-00354466 to her since our room was adequately
iTmGrq1J2XU-01788-00354467-00354592 furnished we didn't need to buy
iTmGrq1J2XU-01789-00354593-00354814 furniture but we did need curtains I'm
iTmGrq1J2XU-01790-00354815-00355048 sure that no city has ever been built
iTmGrq1J2XU-01791-00355049-00355209 with the love and care with which she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01792-00355210-00355455 bought those curtains she looked at shop
iTmGrq1J2XU-01793-00355456-00355680 windows for several weeks every night we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01794-00355681-00355915 walked to look at another pair when she
iTmGrq1J2XU-01795-00355916-00356055 finally bought them she treated them as
iTmGrq1J2XU-01796-00356056-00356302 a second newborn child after the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01797-00356303-00356440 curtains were hung she repeated the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01798-00356441-00356709 entire ceremony with a bedspread he has
iTmGrq1J2XU-01799-00356710-00356842 now read novels in order to experience
iTmGrq1J2XU-01800-00356843-00356977 in fiction what she'd failed to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01801-00356978-00357180 experience in her life Myrna bought
iTmGrq1J2XU-01802-00357181-00357424 curtains and a bedspread the objects
iTmGrq1J2XU-01803-00357425-00357571 replaced her project as well as her
iTmGrq1J2XU-01804-00357572-00357805 community but like the apartment itself
iTmGrq1J2XU-01805-00357806-00357997 the objects lost their promise on the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01806-00357998-00358225 day they were acquired no new life began
iTmGrq1J2XU-01807-00358226-00358516 nothing was different even the curtains
iTmGrq1J2XU-01808-00358517-00358693 and the bedspread remained new only for
iTmGrq1J2XU-01809-00358694-00358762 a few days
iTmGrq1J2XU-01810-00358763-00359029 the chameleon changed again but the more
iTmGrq1J2XU-01811-00359030-00359254 changed the more remain the same the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01812-00359255-00359460 lack the gap that reappeared every time
iTmGrq1J2XU-01813-00359461-00359605 it was filled could be refilled
iTmGrq1J2XU-01814-00359606-00359805 continually only to reappear again if
iTmGrq1J2XU-01815-00359806-00360088 this object failed to satisfy surely the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01816-00360089-00360277 next object would succeed or the next
iTmGrq1J2XU-01817-00360278-00360550 job transfer or the next apartment the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01818-00360551-00360721 next object was to be the largest of all
iTmGrq1J2XU-01819-00360722-00360895 our objects it was business baby
iTmGrq1J2XU-01820-00360896-00361000 carriage
iTmGrq1J2XU-01821-00361001-00361174 four wheeled vehicle complete with bed
iTmGrq1J2XU-01822-00361175-00361426 and canopy two axles Springs and brakes
iTmGrq1J2XU-01823-00361427-00361654 it was the only vehicle we ever owned
iTmGrq1J2XU-01824-00361655-00361855 and it was from that vehicle that I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01825-00361856-00362059 learned the narcotic potency of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01826-00362060-00362308 manufactured thing we scruple ously
iTmGrq1J2XU-01827-00362309-00362473 examined every carriage in the city
iTmGrq1J2XU-01828-00362474-00362662 before deciding which one was to be our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01829-00362663-00362869 carriage we wheeled it to our apartment
iTmGrq1J2XU-01830-00362870-00363103 as if it were made of glass carefully
iTmGrq1J2XU-01831-00363104-00363256 avoiding every pool of dirty water
iTmGrq1J2XU-01832-00363257-00363529 raising it gently over every bump we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01833-00363530-00363673 carried it upstairs to our bedroom
iTmGrq1J2XU-01834-00363674-00363814 and we continued to keep it in our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01835-00363815-00363994 bedroom not so much because we were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01836-00363995-00364138 afraid it would be stolen from the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01837-00364139-00364339 hallway but because we wanted it where
iTmGrq1J2XU-01838-00364340-00364606 we could see it in other epochs people
iTmGrq1J2XU-01839-00364607-00364819 looked for God's Saints and revelations
iTmGrq1J2XU-01840-00364820-00365047 to confirm their lost humanity in ours
iTmGrq1J2XU-01841-00365048-00365221 the commodity embodies all the God's
iTmGrq1J2XU-01842-00365222-00365470 Saints and revelations whenever we were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01843-00365471-00365635 depressed by the hollowness of our lives
iTmGrq1J2XU-01844-00365636-00365836 whenever we felt the still unfulfilled
iTmGrq1J2XU-01845-00365837-00366169 gap we looked at vastness carriage the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01846-00366170-00366337 object confirmed our purpose and our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01847-00366338-00366529 worth it was the meaning of the endless
iTmGrq1J2XU-01848-00366530-00366823 waiting and a meaninglessness work our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01849-00366824-00366940 evening walks on the neighborhood
iTmGrq1J2XU-01850-00366941-00367120 streets and especially our Sunday walks
iTmGrq1J2XU-01851-00367121-00367330 in the city park became the high points
iTmGrq1J2XU-01852-00367331-00367549 of our lives it was on those walks that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01853-00367550-00367705 we displayed our qualities the qualities
iTmGrq1J2XU-01854-00367706-00367981 we had bought in stores as soon as we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01855-00367982-00368110 had the courage we needed the clothes
iTmGrq1J2XU-01856-00368111-00368296 that went with it I bought a suit
iTmGrq1J2XU-01857-00368297-00368452 identical to the suits I'd seen in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01858-00368453-00368638 city park the suits of young men who
iTmGrq1J2XU-01859-00368639-00368806 accompanied their baby carriages and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01860-00368807-00369037 their wives Myrna investment each
iTmGrq1J2XU-01861-00369038-00369220 acquired a dress with similar properties
iTmGrq1J2XU-01862-00369221-00369505 we were now complete when we promenade
iTmGrq1J2XU-01863-00369506-00369664 investment through the park we felt
iTmGrq1J2XU-01864-00369665-00369832 ourselves admired the same way we had
iTmGrq1J2XU-01865-00369833-00369961 admired the well-dressed couples with
iTmGrq1J2XU-01866-00369962-00370192 baby carriages passers-by looked into
iTmGrq1J2XU-01867-00370193-00370399 our carriage and smiled investment we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01868-00370400-00370578 were proud of Vesna proud of our success
iTmGrq1J2XU-01869-00370579-00370759 proud to be admired
iTmGrq1J2XU-01870-00370760-00371020 Vesna Myrna and I were like all the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01871-00371021-00371191 others in the park like the admirable
iTmGrq1J2XU-01872-00371192-00371365 others the members of the working class
iTmGrq1J2XU-01873-00371366-00371659 we were complete human beings citizens
iTmGrq1J2XU-01874-00371660-00371860 our clothes and vestments carriage
iTmGrq1J2XU-01875-00371861-00372106 proved it at the end of the promenade we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01876-00372107-00372277 moved our tributes and hung them in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01877-00372278-00372481 closet always keeping them spotless and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01878-00372482-00372733 uncreate we set best miscarriage in the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01879-00372734-00372958 corner of our room it was a very pretty
iTmGrq1J2XU-01880-00372959-00373216 carriage we still have it but best night
iTmGrq1J2XU-01881-00373217-00373501 is no longer with us our bliss lasted
iTmGrq1J2XU-01882-00373502-00373708 for two seasons I don't know how long we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01883-00373709-00373852 could have remained intoxicated by our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01884-00373853-00374032 objects eat the ground under our feet
iTmGrq1J2XU-01885-00374033-00374257 hadn't shifted but I suspect the drugs
iTmGrq1J2XU-01886-00374258-00374389 would have lost their power
iTmGrq1J2XU-01887-00374390-00374647 their own during the third season in any
iTmGrq1J2XU-01888-00374648-00374794 case we weren't given a chance to enjoy
iTmGrq1J2XU-01889-00374795-00374995 the full effect of our narcotics our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01890-00374996-00375206 frail house of cards collapsed around us
iTmGrq1J2XU-01891-00375207-00375397 the event that put an end to our
iTmGrq1J2XU-01892-00375398-00375565 blissful stupor was a violent encounter
iTmGrq1J2XU-01893-00375566-00375751 between yon and the foreman at the depot
iTmGrq1J2XU-01894-00375752-00375973 where we worked the foreman was the type
iTmGrq1J2XU-01895-00375974-00376171 of person usually described as dumb and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01896-00376172-00376356 ruthless he was several years younger
iTmGrq1J2XU-01897-00376357-00376551 than we were and had started working at
iTmGrq1J2XU-01898-00376552-00376710 the depot three years before Yann was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01899-00376711-00376902 hired he was immediately recruited as a
iTmGrq1J2XU-01900-00376903-00377085 police informer and he apparently did
iTmGrq1J2XU-01901-00377086-00377253 this job so well that he was appointed
iTmGrq1J2XU-01902-00377254-00377500 Section four men only a few months after
iTmGrq1J2XU-01903-00377501-00377722 he was hired and general foreman a few
iTmGrq1J2XU-01904-00377723-00377941 months after that although he had spent
iTmGrq1J2XU-01905-00377942-00378070 a few months working as a repair
iTmGrq1J2XU-01906-00378071-00378262 mechanic by the time he was general
iTmGrq1J2XU-01907-00378263-00378435 foreman he had become convinced that the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01908-00378436-00378616 mechanics were all mindless robots and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01909-00378617-00378777 that the only thinking and the depot
iTmGrq1J2XU-01910-00378778-00378978 took place in his head he thought of the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01911-00378979-00379162 rest of us not as complete human beings
iTmGrq1J2XU-01912-00379163-00379426 but as human fragments his extensions of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01913-00379427-00379578 his limbs as instruments which
iTmGrq1J2XU-01914-00379579-00379849 mindlessly implemented his orders the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01915-00379850-00379972 only consequence of the Foreman's
iTmGrq1J2XU-01916-00379973-00380125 attitude was that his attentions were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01917-00380126-00380362 completely undermined since we were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01918-00380363-00380518 brainless we didn't use our brains to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01919-00380519-00380679 implement his wishes but only to thwart
iTmGrq1J2XU-01920-00380680-00380914 them as extensions of his limbs we were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01921-00380915-00381076 worse than lifeless limbs we were
iTmGrq1J2XU-01922-00381077-00381241 rebellious implements that continually
iTmGrq1J2XU-01923-00381242-00381472 frustrated their user no one expressed
iTmGrq1J2XU-01924-00381473-00381633 this rebellious Ness as explicitly as
iTmGrq1J2XU-01925-00381634-00381895 young whenever the foreman called his
iTmGrq1J2XU-01926-00381896-00382075 name yawn instantly dropped whatever he
iTmGrq1J2XU-01927-00382076-00382233 was holding even if it was an oil pan
iTmGrq1J2XU-01928-00382234-00382521 jumped up saluted and shouted yes sir
iTmGrq1J2XU-01929-00382522-00382714 yon was the only one who tried to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01930-00382715-00382897 conform in every single detail to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01931-00382898-00383089 way the foreman saw him if all the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01932-00383090-00383235 foremen told him was pull that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01933-00383236-00383647 carburetor out Ianto kawit cavite out
iTmGrq1J2XU-01934-00383648-00383904 without removing any of the bolts one
iTmGrq1J2XU-01935-00383905-00384097 day Yan was removing a rear wheel to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01936-00384098-00384298 replace a worn bearing what the hell are
iTmGrq1J2XU-01937-00384299-00384456 you doing all it needs is grease the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01938-00384457-00384708 foreman shouted yawn furiously replaced
iTmGrq1J2XU-01939-00384709-00384909 the wheel and packed it with grease the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01940-00384910-00385048 bus was towed back to the depot two
iTmGrq1J2XU-01941-00385049-00385243 weeks later with a ruined axle and wheel
iTmGrq1J2XU-01942-00385244-00385447 the rest of us also implemented the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01943-00385448-00385635 Foreman's orders to the letter but none
iTmGrq1J2XU-01944-00385636-00385867 of us were a scrupulous as young if some
iTmGrq1J2XU-01945-00385868-00386026 buses were nevertheless repaired it was
iTmGrq1J2XU-01946-00386027-00386157 only because the foreman couldn't be
iTmGrq1J2XU-01947-00386158-00386355 everywhere at the same time and all of
iTmGrq1J2XU-01948-00386356-00386502 us worked with relative efficiency when
iTmGrq1J2XU-01949-00386503-00386733 we weren't carrying out a command some
iTmGrq1J2XU-01950-00386734-00386869 weeks after the incident with the broken
iTmGrq1J2XU-01951-00386870-00387027 wheel the foreman again pulled yan off
iTmGrq1J2XU-01952-00387028-00387220 the job he was doing and bellowed see if
iTmGrq1J2XU-01953-00387221-00387381 there's oil in this engine and don't let
iTmGrq1J2XU-01954-00387382-00387504 me catch you doing anything to the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01955-00387505-00387670 engine the foreman had conveniently
iTmGrq1J2XU-01956-00387671-00387776 forgotten that he'd been
iTmGrq1J2XU-01957-00387777-00387923 wrong when he'd kept yawn from replacing
iTmGrq1J2XU-01958-00387924-00388166 the wheel bearing yawn did exactly what
iTmGrq1J2XU-01959-00388167-00388385 the foreman told him to and two days
iTmGrq1J2XU-01960-00388386-00388535 later the bus returned with a burned-out
iTmGrq1J2XU-01961-00388536-00388808 engine the foreman was furious he ran to
iTmGrq1J2XU-01962-00388809-00388979 yawn and shouted I thought I thought I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01963-00388980-00389129 told you to see if there was oil in that
iTmGrq1J2XU-01964-00389130-00389282 engine yawn dropped his tools and
iTmGrq1J2XU-01965-00389283-00389507 saluted saying yes sir there couldn't
iTmGrq1J2XU-01966-00389508-00389627 have been a drop of oil in it the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01967-00389628-00389831 foreman shouted yes sir yeah yawn said
iTmGrq1J2XU-01968-00389832-00390011 you imbecile the foreman Billa
iTmGrq1J2XU-01969-00390012-00390233 I told you to put oil in did you put oil
iTmGrq1J2XU-01970-00390234-00390503 in that engine no sir Yun answered the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01971-00390504-00390698 Foreman's eyes were red with fury he
iTmGrq1J2XU-01972-00390699-00390917 lead leered at the rest of us ran to get
iTmGrq1J2XU-01973-00390918-00391169 a crowbar and swung it at yonce head yon
iTmGrq1J2XU-01974-00391170-00391297 ducting was hit lightly on the shoulder
iTmGrq1J2XU-01975-00391298-00391598 yon picked up a wrench the foreman
iTmGrq1J2XU-01976-00391599-00391763 started to swing his crowbar again but I
iTmGrq1J2XU-01977-00391764-00391889 ran up from behind him and yanked the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01978-00391890-00392129 bar out of his grasp you're lying I told
iTmGrq1J2XU-01979-00392130-00392297 him holding onto the bar I heard what
iTmGrq1J2XU-01980-00392298-00392480 you told you on to do he told him to see
iTmGrq1J2XU-01981-00392481-00392621 if there was oil in the engine and you
iTmGrq1J2XU-01982-00392622-00392777 explicitly told him not to do anything
iTmGrq1J2XU-01983-00392778-00392819 else
iTmGrq1J2XU-01984-00392820-00393050 you're crazy the foreman shouted who
iTmGrq1J2XU-01985-00393051-00393176 ever heard of sending a bus on the road
iTmGrq1J2XU-01986-00393177-00393407 with a dry engine everyone here has
iTmGrq1J2XU-01987-00393408-00393563 heard of that I answered we've also
iTmGrq1J2XU-01988-00393564-00393725 heard of sending a bus out with a warn
iTmGrq1J2XU-01989-00393726-00393893 bearing and of stopping someone who
iTmGrq1J2XU-01990-00393894-00394103 wanted to fix it backing away from me
iTmGrq1J2XU-01991-00394104-00394271 and the crowbar the foreman shouted at
iTmGrq1J2XU-01992-00394272-00394448 the top of his voice put that bar down
iTmGrq1J2XU-01993-00394449-00394664 you can't threaten me you said Lex are
iTmGrq1J2XU-01994-00394665-00394856 lunatics I'll have you locked up you're
iTmGrq1J2XU-01995-00394857-00395042 sick someone sent you here direct the
iTmGrq1J2XU-01996-00395043-00395258 workers buses who pays you Direct buses
iTmGrq1J2XU-01997-00395259-00395471 yawn turned to the foreman and said
iTmGrq1J2XU-01998-00395472-00395663 calmly no one pays us to do it we
iTmGrq1J2XU-01999-00395664-00395876 wrecked the buses on our own and for
iTmGrq1J2XU-02000-00395877-00396134 ourselves we can't stand them they use
iTmGrq1J2XU-02001-00396135-00396347 up our space our air and our energy
iTmGrq1J2XU-02002-00396348-00396566 we're lunatics determined to drive you
iTmGrq1J2XU-02003-00396567-00396875 and your buses out of our asylum I'm
iTmGrq1J2XU-02004-00396876-00397031 reminded of your scene with the school
iTmGrq1J2XU-02005-00397032-00397211 official who said you were deranged and
iTmGrq1J2XU-02006-00397212-00397355 dangerous when you called off your class
iTmGrq1J2XU-02007-00397356-00397520 to take part in the student strike I
iTmGrq1J2XU-02008-00397521-00397778 commend you for your courage you really
iTmGrq1J2XU-02009-00397779-00397982 do share that with young your courage
iTmGrq1J2XU-02010-00397983-00398147 was in fact greater because Yun and I
iTmGrq1J2XU-02011-00398148-00398315 weren't nearly as isolated as you were
iTmGrq1J2XU-02012-00398316-00398540 the foreman backed away from us like a
iTmGrq1J2XU-02013-00398541-00398750 cornered beast he grabbed another bar
iTmGrq1J2XU-02014-00398751-00398903 and then a wrench but he didn't try to
iTmGrq1J2XU-02015-00398904-00399131 use them he no longer faced only the two
iTmGrq1J2XU-02016-00399132-00399344 of us every single worker in the Depot
iTmGrq1J2XU-02017-00399345-00399488 had picked up a tool and joined the
iTmGrq1J2XU-02018-00399489-00399686 semicircle of angry workers surrounding
iTmGrq1J2XU-02019-00399687-00399896 the foreman every single person was
iTmGrq1J2XU-02020-00399897-00400022 waiting for the foreman to take the
iTmGrq1J2XU-02021-00400023-00400208 slightest step towards yon toward me
iTmGrq1J2XU-02022-00400209-00400445 toward any other worker we were all
iTmGrq1J2XU-02023-00400446-00400583 waiting for him to start swinging his
iTmGrq1J2XU-02024-00400584-00400826 bar his wrench or even his fist the
iTmGrq1J2XU-02025-00400827-00401042 foreman was pale with fright he cringed
iTmGrq1J2XU-02026-00401043-00401132 away hugging the
iTmGrq1J2XU-02027-00401133-00401309 while trembling not taking his eyes off
iTmGrq1J2XU-02028-00401310-00401624 us for a second
iV0lw4rnTfk-00000-00000000-00000448 well what is a function a function is
iV0lw4rnTfk-00001-00000449-00000886 essentially a rule that takes an input
iV0lw4rnTfk-00002-00000886-00001216 it Ponder's that input and then it
iV0lw4rnTfk-00003-00001217-00001591 delivers a single output so it's useful
iV0lw4rnTfk-00004-00001592-00001967 to think of a function as a machine
iV0lw4rnTfk-00005-00001968-00002198 let's let's talk about this let's
iV0lw4rnTfk-00006-00002199-00002381 represent is machine by this little box
iV0lw4rnTfk-00007-00002382-00002701 here so imagine a machine you feed in an
iV0lw4rnTfk-00008-00002702-00002897 input to a machine and the Machine does
iV0lw4rnTfk-00009-00002898-00003100 something to it and then it it returns
iV0lw4rnTfk-00010-00003101-00003397 some output here and the important part
iV0lw4rnTfk-00011-00003398-00003620 of definition for a function is that
iV0lw4rnTfk-00012-00003621-00003968 this machine it gives just one single
iV0lw4rnTfk-00013-00003969-00004320 output it doesn't it doesn't return
iV0lw4rnTfk-00014-00004321-00004561 multiple outputs it's just a single
iV0lw4rnTfk-00015-00004562-00004922 output more about that in a moment it
iV0lw4rnTfk-00016-00004923-00005077 might ask what's an example of a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00017-00005078-00005297 function well let's have a look at the
iV0lw4rnTfk-00018-00005298-00005920 the function f of x equals x squared now
iV0lw4rnTfk-00019-00005921-00006052 you might not have seen this notation
iV0lw4rnTfk-00020-00006053-00006286 before this F this is just what we've
iV0lw4rnTfk-00021-00006287-00006457 chosen to call our function I've chosen
iV0lw4rnTfk-00022-00006458-00006670 F because it's a very common selection
iV0lw4rnTfk-00023-00006672-00007021 and this X here well this this axis is
iV0lw4rnTfk-00024-00007022-00007295 our input value this just denotes all
iV0lw4rnTfk-00025-00007295-00007453 the different different things that we
iV0lw4rnTfk-00026-00007454-00007727 could input in this function and this
iV0lw4rnTfk-00027-00007728-00007945 side of the function specifies what
iV0lw4rnTfk-00028-00007947-00008183 exactly the rule is remember this this
iV0lw4rnTfk-00029-00008184-00008423 machine is it essentially it's a specify
iV0lw4rnTfk-00030-00008424-00008648 as a rule so what exactly this rule does
iV0lw4rnTfk-00031-00008649-00008888 so this function simply describes that
iV0lw4rnTfk-00032-00008889-00009212 if we if we feed in a particular number
iV0lw4rnTfk-00033-00009213-00009653 to this this rule or this relation then
iV0lw4rnTfk-00034-00009654-00009785 what it will do it'll take that number
iV0lw4rnTfk-00035-00009786-00010021 it'll multiply that number by itself and
iV0lw4rnTfk-00036-00010022-00010310 will output that number multiplied by
iV0lw4rnTfk-00037-00010311-00010538 itself so for instance if we were to
iV0lw4rnTfk-00038-00010539-00011174 evaluate F of 2 F of 2 this would be
iV0lw4rnTfk-00039-00011175-00011516 like in putting the number 2 into this
iV0lw4rnTfk-00040-00011517-00011788 function and what we what we would do is
iV0lw4rnTfk-00041-00011789-00012064 every time we saw as X here we would
iV0lw4rnTfk-00042-00012065-00012331 replace this X with a 2 so there's an X
iV0lw4rnTfk-00043-00012332-00012683 here will replace this with a to you
iV0lw4rnTfk-00044-00012684-00012844 might have done substitution like this
iV0lw4rnTfk-00045-00012845-00013088 many times before and if we were to
iV0lw4rnTfk-00046-00013088-00013361 evaluate this this will just equal four
iV0lw4rnTfk-00047-00013362-00013733 2 squared equals 4 so we've done here is
iV0lw4rnTfk-00048-00013734-00014036 we've taken an input here the input was
iV0lw4rnTfk-00049-00014037-00014325 too we've put it into our little machine
iV0lw4rnTfk-00050-00014326-00014728 our our our rule and this machine has
iV0lw4rnTfk-00051-00014729-00015025 just output one single value and that
iV0lw4rnTfk-00052-00015026-00015286 single value is the value of four
iV0lw4rnTfk-00053-00015287-00015653 consequently we can tell that this this
iV0lw4rnTfk-00054-00015654-00016061 this rule is a function for every X that
iV0lw4rnTfk-00055-00016062-00016328 we could put in here this rule will
iV0lw4rnTfk-00056-00016329-00016688 specify just one single output and
iV0lw4rnTfk-00057-00016689-00016855 consequently that's how we define a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00058-00016856-00017131 function so we can call this rule a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00059-00017132-00017471 function now you might say mark I've
iV0lw4rnTfk-00060-00017472-00017686 done this algebra substitution stuff
iV0lw4rnTfk-00061-00017687-00017996 before wire functions so special well
iV0lw4rnTfk-00062-00017997-00018113 functions are special because they're
iV0lw4rnTfk-00063-00018114-00018374 incredibly abstract we can define a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00064-00018375-00018578 function often as a graph so for
iV0lw4rnTfk-00065-00018579-00019133 instance let's consider the graph of y
iV0lw4rnTfk-00066-00019134-00019652 equals x squared so y equals x squared
iV0lw4rnTfk-00067-00019653-00020206 will look something like this call this
iV0lw4rnTfk-00068-00020207-00020656 y equals x squared where this is our
iV0lw4rnTfk-00069-00020657-00021447 x-axis and this is our y-axis so this
iV0lw4rnTfk-00070-00021448-00021859 this graph here this graph represents a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00071-00021860-00022136 rule what it does is it says if you give
iV0lw4rnTfk-00072-00022137-00022453 me some x value I will give you a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00073-00022454-00022655 corresponding Y value so for instance
iV0lw4rnTfk-00074-00022656-00023033 let's imagine we have an input of 1 of 1
iV0lw4rnTfk-00075-00023034-00023321 here well what this graph does it says
iV0lw4rnTfk-00076-00023322-00023608 ok you've given me this input 1 what
iV0lw4rnTfk-00077-00023609-00023789 I'll do is I'll give you an output and
iV0lw4rnTfk-00078-00023790-00024069 that output can quickly figure it out
iV0lw4rnTfk-00079-00024070-00025100 will be say just right 1 squared so y
iV0lw4rnTfk-00080-00025101-00025531 equals 1 squared y equals 1 squared
iV0lw4rnTfk-00081-00025532-00025762 which it's very easy to evaluate that is
iV0lw4rnTfk-00082-00025763-00026068 going to be 1 so if you give me if you
iV0lw4rnTfk-00083-00026069-00026381 if you give this machine some input of 1
iV0lw4rnTfk-00084-00026382-00026624 it will return an output of one this is
iV0lw4rnTfk-00085-00026625-00026726 like saying if
iV0lw4rnTfk-00086-00026727-00027052 we're going to dis notation if we give
iV0lw4rnTfk-00087-00027053-00027323 this machine one the machine will ponder
iV0lw4rnTfk-00088-00027324-00027560 on this for a moment and then it will
iV0lw4rnTfk-00089-00027561-00027846 return a single value and that value
iV0lw4rnTfk-00090-00027847-00028399 will be one now it's interesting to
iV0lw4rnTfk-00091-00028400-00028643 think about what's what rules represent
iV0lw4rnTfk-00092-00028644-00028979 functions but a question you might be
iV0lw4rnTfk-00093-00028980-00029180 thinking is what is a rule that isn't a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00094-00029181-00029417 function well I'm glad you asked let's
iV0lw4rnTfk-00095-00029418-00029582 have a think about one let's let's look
iV0lw4rnTfk-00096-00029583-00029971 at a very similar function to this sorry
iV0lw4rnTfk-00097-00029972-00030236 a very similar rule to this except it's
iV0lw4rnTfk-00098-00030237-00030611 not a function so it's the rule it's
iV0lw4rnTfk-00099-00030612-00031187 just labor axes here this is this is x
iV0lw4rnTfk-00100-00031188-00031762 axis this is the y-axis let's consider
iV0lw4rnTfk-00101-00031763-00032371 this function sorry this rule and this
iV0lw4rnTfk-00102-00032372-00032977 rule we can write as y squared equals x
iV0lw4rnTfk-00103-00032978-00033401 now I defined a function before as a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00104-00033402-00033683 machine or rule that specifies for every
iV0lw4rnTfk-00105-00033684-00034021 input there is a single output so you
iV0lw4rnTfk-00106-00034022-00034180 might have guessed that something that
iV0lw4rnTfk-00107-00034181-00034821 is not a function so not function does
iV0lw4rnTfk-00108-00034822-00035290 does the converse so if we plug an input
iV0lw4rnTfk-00109-00035291-00035733 into this machine we have a rule that
iV0lw4rnTfk-00110-00035734-00036070 that for one input it specifies more
iV0lw4rnTfk-00111-00036071-00036374 than one output so we've got two outputs
iV0lw4rnTfk-00112-00036375-00036662 I think here then this is not a function
iV0lw4rnTfk-00113-00036663-00037087 it's still a rule that's not function so
iV0lw4rnTfk-00114-00037088-00037451 an output here and output here let's
iV0lw4rnTfk-00115-00037452-00037840 consider this rule so this rule imagine
iV0lw4rnTfk-00116-00037841-00038126 that we were to do our input here is
iV0lw4rnTfk-00117-00038127-00038339 still X imagine that we were to input
iV0lw4rnTfk-00118-00038340-00038783 the number number one into this rule
iV0lw4rnTfk-00119-00038784-00038942 will to evaluate why we'll have to
iV0lw4rnTfk-00120-00038943-00039190 simplify this a little we can divide or
iV0lw4rnTfk-00121-00039191-00039340 so it can take the square root of both
iV0lw4rnTfk-00122-00039341-00039937 sides say y equals plus or minus X so
iV0lw4rnTfk-00123-00039938-00040118 consequently if we were to insert
iV0lw4rnTfk-00124-00040119-00040826 one in here we would get y equals let's
iV0lw4rnTfk-00125-00040827-00041453 do that me yellow we get y equals plus
iV0lw4rnTfk-00126-00041454-00041882 or minus the square root of one which
iV0lw4rnTfk-00127-00041883-00042296 just equals plus or minus one now what
iV0lw4rnTfk-00128-00042297-00042467 this means is for this input that we've
iV0lw4rnTfk-00129-00042468-00042761 put in here which is one so when x
iV0lw4rnTfk-00130-00042762-00043124 equals 14 to draw this little diagram
iV0lw4rnTfk-00131-00043125-00043436 we'd have a 1 here and then we have this
iV0lw4rnTfk-00132-00043437-00043745 machine and this machine would ponder
iV0lw4rnTfk-00133-00043746-00044150 this this input and instead of just just
iV0lw4rnTfk-00134-00044151-00044423 giving us one output back it would give
iV0lw4rnTfk-00135-00044424-00044984 us two separate outputs 1 and minus 1
iV0lw4rnTfk-00136-00044985-00045248 and by this definition that by these
iV0lw4rnTfk-00137-00045249-00045638 definitions this is not a function this
iV0lw4rnTfk-00138-00045639-00046433 is not a function now lastly let's look
iV0lw4rnTfk-00139-00046434-00046673 at something a little little more
iV0lw4rnTfk-00140-00046674-00046934 abstract imagine we can define functions
iV0lw4rnTfk-00141-00046935-00047120 by a whole lot of means we could have
iV0lw4rnTfk-00142-00047121-00047471 tables or ordered pairs we have diagrams
iV0lw4rnTfk-00143-00047472-00047777 we could define some rule by words let's
iV0lw4rnTfk-00144-00047778-00048287 define a a rule using a diagram so
iV0lw4rnTfk-00145-00048288-00048443 imagine we have a diagram that we're
iV0lw4rnTfk-00146-00048444-00048635 going to construct here and just to
iV0lw4rnTfk-00147-00048636-00048935 prove to you that we don't need numbers
iV0lw4rnTfk-00148-00048936-00049301 or letters as our inputs let's imagine
iV0lw4rnTfk-00149-00049302-00049505 that inputs of shapes so imagine we have
iV0lw4rnTfk-00150-00049506-00049772 a square here we have a triangle and a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00151-00049773-00049976 circle imagine these these are our
iV0lw4rnTfk-00152-00049977-00050213 inputs imagine our our possible outputs
iV0lw4rnTfk-00153-00050214-00050606 to say a B and C and let's draw some
iV0lw4rnTfk-00154-00050607-00050864 arrows that specify our rule so imagine
iV0lw4rnTfk-00155-00050865-00051245 that if it would have put put the square
iV0lw4rnTfk-00156-00051246-00051541 into this input let's let's say that we
iV0lw4rnTfk-00157-00051542-00051875 would get a back it can represent it by
iV0lw4rnTfk-00158-00051876-00052277 this by this arrow here this is a fairly
iV0lw4rnTfk-00159-00052278-00052609 conventional way of specifying
iV0lw4rnTfk-00160-00052610-00052922 relationships here so we'll draw arrows
iV0lw4rnTfk-00161-00052923-00053321 here so imagine that we put a circle as
iV0lw4rnTfk-00162-00053322-00053479 our input
iV0lw4rnTfk-00163-00053480-00053701 to this function what we get we follow
iV0lw4rnTfk-00164-00053702-00053870 the era when it turns out that we would
iV0lw4rnTfk-00165-00053871-00054191 get be that would be our output so here
iV0lw4rnTfk-00166-00054191-00054517 if we were to have circle as our input
iV0lw4rnTfk-00167-00054519-00054854 then this this rule would sort of mull
iV0lw4rnTfk-00168-00054854-00055061 on this and say well I know what I need
iV0lw4rnTfk-00169-00055062-00055382 to to them to produce here the output
iV0lw4rnTfk-00170-00055383-00055745 will be B now it turns out that if it
iV0lw4rnTfk-00171-00055746-00055922 would put any of these inputs in there
iV0lw4rnTfk-00172-00055923-00056167 would only ever get one output so as it
iV0lw4rnTfk-00173-00056169-00056444 stands this rule does represent a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00174-00056445-00056735 function it is a function but imagine
iV0lw4rnTfk-00175-00056736-00057007 that we change the rules just a little
iV0lw4rnTfk-00176-00057008-00057166 bit and produce another function say
iV0lw4rnTfk-00177-00057167-00057587 where interest another arrow he points
iV0lw4rnTfk-00178-00057588-00058115 to be so here if we were to have a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00179-00058116-00058460 square as our input we now have two
iV0lw4rnTfk-00180-00058461-00058676 separate outputs we'd have a as one
iV0lw4rnTfk-00181-00058677-00059029 output and be as another output so a way
iV0lw4rnTfk-00182-00059030-00059234 of writing this is to say if we have a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00183-00059235-00059605 square now machine would my own the
iV0lw4rnTfk-00184-00059607-00059885 square and think well what what have we
iV0lw4rnTfk-00185-00059886-00060128 got here and then it would it would have
iV0lw4rnTfk-00186-00060129-00060584 to produce two separate outputs so an
iV0lw4rnTfk-00187-00060585-00060904 output of a and an output of B and
iV0lw4rnTfk-00188-00060904-00061175 because it's more than a single output
iV0lw4rnTfk-00189-00061176-00061484 this no longer represents a function
iV0lw4rnTfk-00190-00061485-00062299 this is not a function this is not a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00191-00062300-00062627 function so these these represented
iV0lw4rnTfk-00192-00062628-00062817 functions these two examples were not
iV0lw4rnTfk-00193-00062819-00063185 functions in the future when you're
iV0lw4rnTfk-00194-00063186-00063359 doing these questions always think about
iV0lw4rnTfk-00195-00063360-00063665 whether the input always generates a
iV0lw4rnTfk-00196-00063666-00063821 single output if there's a single
iV0lw4rnTfk-00197-00063822-00064013 instance where the input generates two
iV0lw4rnTfk-00198-00064014-00064277 different outputs then whatever rule you
iV0lw4rnTfk-00199-00064278-00064679 are considering is not a function
iXB81EQQkAM-00000-00001688-00003286 thank you
iXB81EQQkAM-00001-00003288-00004888 foreign
iXB81EQQkAM-00002-00004889-00005141 everybody so you already know we are
iXB81EQQkAM-00003-00005142-00005369 back my name is Brandon Polito realtor
iXB81EQQkAM-00004-00005370-00005501 part of the presale group I hope you
iXB81EQQkAM-00005-00005502-00005627 guys are not tired of me introducing
iXB81EQQkAM-00006-00005628-00005831 myself every video but this is to all of
iXB81EQQkAM-00007-00005832-00006052 my new viewers all of my new subscribers
iXB81EQQkAM-00008-00006053-00006197 thank you so so much for watching the
iXB81EQQkAM-00009-00006198-00006359 videos I really hope I'm providing good
iXB81EQQkAM-00010-00006360-00006556 value today I got something special for
iXB81EQQkAM-00011-00006558-00006767 you guys this is actually a very limited
iXB81EQQkAM-00012-00006768-00007084 opportunity to get inside one of these
iXB81EQQkAM-00013-00007086-00007420 beautiful single story Radcliff models I
iXB81EQQkAM-00014-00007422-00007709 am actually at Parkview in Mineola I
iXB81EQQkAM-00015-00007709-00007823 probably should have told you guys the
iXB81EQQkAM-00016-00007823-00007948 location but I want you guys to
iXB81EQQkAM-00017-00007950-00008028 understand
iXB81EQQkAM-00018-00008029-00008267 exactly where we are we're looking at a
iXB81EQQkAM-00019-00008268-00008453 single story home once again with
iXB81EQQkAM-00020-00008454-00008827 two-car garage here and a tandem
iXB81EQQkAM-00021-00008828-00009119 2742 square feet so I'm actually going
iXB81EQQkAM-00022-00009120-00009389 to make my way inside it's a little
iXB81EQQkAM-00023-00009390-00009587 surprise too I actually have one of
iXB81EQQkAM-00024-00009588-00009767 these under contract and my client is
iXB81EQQkAM-00025-00009768-00010019 inside so I'm gonna go inside hey
iXB81EQQkAM-00026-00010020-00010374 everybody hi how is everything
iXB81EQQkAM-00027-00010375-00010756 yeah so we're gonna keep it going guys I
iXB81EQQkAM-00028-00010757-00010906 want you guys to look at a four bedroom
iXB81EQQkAM-00029-00010907-00011231 three bath home look at this foyer right
iXB81EQQkAM-00030-00011232-00011417 I want you guys to take a good look at
iXB81EQQkAM-00031-00011418-00011549 this folder
iXB81EQQkAM-00032-00011550-00011783 so you guys can get a good feel as to
iXB81EQQkAM-00033-00011784-00012035 what the ample spacing will be I'm going
iXB81EQQkAM-00034-00012036-00012203 to go over all the packages that are
iXB81EQQkAM-00035-00012204-00012520 available in this home and let's get
iXB81EQQkAM-00036-00012521-00012677 into it so base price we're actually
iXB81EQQkAM-00037-00012678-00013013 starting at 588 thousand dollars we have
iXB81EQQkAM-00038-00013013-00013199 our initial Suite our initial bedroom
iXB81EQQkAM-00039-00013200-00013457 right in the front of the house
iXB81EQQkAM-00040-00013458-00013703 actually seeing this convert into office
iXB81EQQkAM-00041-00013704-00013936 and tell you what guys there is actually
iXB81EQQkAM-00042-00013937-00014266 one of these resale homes available at a
iXB81EQQkAM-00043-00014268-00014465 really good price keep in mind the build
iXB81EQQkAM-00044-00014466-00014669 time for these are roughly 9 to 12
iXB81EQQkAM-00045-00014669-00014980 months as of now seven Lots left in this
iXB81EQQkAM-00046-00014981-00015161 community before they close out for
iXB81EQQkAM-00047-00015162-00015527 these models but yep I just wanted to
iXB81EQQkAM-00048-00015528-00015671 present you guys what the opportunities
iXB81EQQkAM-00049-00015672-00015863 are I'll let you guys get a really
iXB81EQQkAM-00050-00015863-00016085 really good look I know you see how tall
iXB81EQQkAM-00051-00016086-00016307 the ceilings uh the doors actually are
iXB81EQQkAM-00052-00016308-00016630 and this is standard and every doorway
iXB81EQQkAM-00053-00016631-00016919 in the whole home so let's keep going I
iXB81EQQkAM-00054-00016920-00017033 want you guys to take a look at this
iXB81EQQkAM-00055-00017034-00017291 initial bedroom uh bathroom this is our
iXB81EQQkAM-00056-00017292-00017507 Jack and Jill right we see coming
iXB81EQQkAM-00057-00017508-00017686 through here is our tub you have
iXB81EQQkAM-00058-00017687-00017879 complete options to you know pretty much
iXB81EQQkAM-00059-00017880-00018233 customize all of this dual sinks and as
iXB81EQQkAM-00060-00018234-00018383 we make our way this way we'll see our
iXB81EQQkAM-00061-00018384-00018605 connected uh second bedroom so we've got
iXB81EQQkAM-00062-00018606-00018808 four to go uh two more to go this is two
iXB81EQQkAM-00063-00018809-00018922 for two
iXB81EQQkAM-00064-00018923-00019186 and this is where we are so this is our
iXB81EQQkAM-00065-00019187-00019397 slight walk-in it's pretty spacious
iXB81EQQkAM-00066-00019398-00019703 remember really really tall uh doors I
iXB81EQQkAM-00067-00019704-00019841 love it I love it
iXB81EQQkAM-00068-00019842-00020044 I've said it 100 times
iXB81EQQkAM-00069-00020045-00020285 and yeah we are pretty much wrapped up
iXB81EQQkAM-00070-00020286-00020555 with this front portion of the actual
iXB81EQQkAM-00071-00020556-00020777 home and you guys are going to be so so
iXB81EQQkAM-00072-00020778-00021083 surprised of how this home flows and how
iXB81EQQkAM-00073-00021084-00021311 open it is so I know I'm teasing you
iXB81EQQkAM-00074-00021312-00021479 guys a little bit we got Square sinks
iXB81EQQkAM-00075-00021480-00021730 it's so so beautiful as far as all the
iXB81EQQkAM-00076-00021731-00021899 materials to use in this home is
iXB81EQQkAM-00077-00021900-00022163 absolutely you know up to par keep in
iXB81EQQkAM-00078-00022164-00022313 mind I actually do have one of these
iXB81EQQkAM-00079-00022314-00022594 under contract and we opted for some
iXB81EQQkAM-00080-00022595-00022794 really really good uh features and
iXB81EQQkAM-00081-00022795-00023158 additional upgrades as far as the
iXB81EQQkAM-00082-00023159-00023327 configuration of this home
iXB81EQQkAM-00083-00023328-00023603 they do have huge huge lots available I
iXB81EQQkAM-00084-00023604-00023903 think there's 170 foot lot left and yeah
iXB81EQQkAM-00085-00023904-00024071 I know you guys saw a little sneak peek
iXB81EQQkAM-00086-00024072-00024293 but before we get there we'll check out
iXB81EQQkAM-00087-00024294-00024478 the HVAC
iXB81EQQkAM-00088-00024479-00024689 and guys I'm telling you once I turned
iXB81EQQkAM-00089-00024690-00024803 the camera this way you guys are going
iXB81EQQkAM-00090-00024804-00025133 to be so surprised this is your entire
iXB81EQQkAM-00091-00025134-00025439 open concept floor plan this is so
iXB81EQQkAM-00092-00025440-00025655 beautiful these are actually just a part
iXB81EQQkAM-00093-00025656-00025828 of the model but I would obviously hire
iXB81EQQkAM-00094-00025829-00026068 a contractor myself and I will put these
iXB81EQQkAM-00095-00026069-00026308 beams right the way it is this is
iXB81EQQkAM-00096-00026310-00026507 actually optional as you guys see this
iXB81EQQkAM-00097-00026508-00026687 is kind of like a Tetris kind of shape
iXB81EQQkAM-00098-00026688-00026908 thing and it has a weird reference but
iXB81EQQkAM-00099-00026910-00027167 that's what we're dealing with this is
iXB81EQQkAM-00100-00027168-00027329 one of the options right as far as
iXB81EQQkAM-00101-00027330-00027568 pricing for those options you can make
iXB81EQQkAM-00102-00027569-00027724 sure to just reach out to me right
iXB81EQQkAM-00103-00027725-00027929 Brandon Polito I'm with the Prasad group
iXB81EQQkAM-00104-00027930-00028151 I work with Mr Marlin we have a whole
iXB81EQQkAM-00105-00028152-00028349 team here you can definitely reach out
iXB81EQQkAM-00106-00028350-00028517 and I'll go over the specifics as to
iXB81EQQkAM-00107-00028518-00028708 what everything you see here actually
iXB81EQQkAM-00108-00028710-00028943 costs so let's start with the kitchen
iXB81EQQkAM-00109-00028944-00029131 but first I'm going to show you guys
iXB81EQQkAM-00110-00029132-00029567 this little area that actually flows
iXB81EQQkAM-00111-00029568-00029789 to the laundry room you do have the
iXB81EQQkAM-00112-00029789-00029951 option to put a sink here which I would
iXB81EQQkAM-00113-00029952-00030202 always opt for and that's what we're
iXB81EQQkAM-00114-00030204-00030473 looking at I know it's dark but let's
iXB81EQQkAM-00115-00030474-00030707 take a look at this nice nice three-car
iXB81EQQkAM-00116-00030708-00030977 garage this is actually one of the
iXB81EQQkAM-00117-00030977-00031181 biggest single store homes that you can
iXB81EQQkAM-00118-00031182-00031357 actually purchase
iXB81EQQkAM-00119-00031358-00031673 with this Builder so keep in mind if
iXB81EQQkAM-00120-00031674-00031846 something like this I know they have a
iXB81EQQkAM-00121-00031847-00032068 two-story model that's similar very very
iXB81EQQkAM-00122-00032069-00032290 nice if this interests you make sure you
iXB81EQQkAM-00123-00032291-00032458 reach out to myself the number will be
iXB81EQQkAM-00124-00032460-00032723 here and we can get this thing going
iXB81EQQkAM-00125-00032724-00033017 another thing we have gas stoves gas
iXB81EQQkAM-00126-00033018-00033335 stoves I love it the way you see this
iXB81EQQkAM-00127-00033336-00033502 configured we actually have a secondary
iXB81EQQkAM-00128-00033503-00033755 option you can do the chefs package and
iXB81EQQkAM-00129-00033756-00033952 this will basically replace that cabinet
iXB81EQQkAM-00130-00033953-00034217 with the vent and the actual microwave
iXB81EQQkAM-00131-00034218-00034552 and oven will be inside the wall uh
iXB81EQQkAM-00132-00034553-00034715 somewhere around here or on this side
iXB81EQQkAM-00133-00034716-00034883 but I'm sure you guys can paint the
iXB81EQQkAM-00134-00034884-00034973 picture
iXB81EQQkAM-00135-00034974-00035177 that's an option I'll give you guys that
iXB81EQQkAM-00136-00035178-00035315 hint that is actually five thousand
iXB81EQQkAM-00137-00035316-00035531 dollars to install and I really really
iXB81EQQkAM-00138-00035532-00035795 like that so this is our pantry space
iXB81EQQkAM-00139-00035796-00036017 this is what we're dealing with I know
iXB81EQQkAM-00140-00036018-00036233 you guys love these countertops remember
iXB81EQQkAM-00141-00036234-00036533 this is an option so the second option
iXB81EQQkAM-00142-00036534-00036724 to save you some money if you don't like
iXB81EQQkAM-00143-00036725-00036868 this which I don't know why you wouldn't
iXB81EQQkAM-00144-00036869-00037079 you can actually if you see where this
iXB81EQQkAM-00145-00037080-00037307 separates you can actually get rid of
iXB81EQQkAM-00146-00037308-00037529 this side and you'll basically just be
iXB81EQQkAM-00147-00037530-00037715 left with this kind of countertop Island
iXB81EQQkAM-00148-00037716-00038033 we have the farmer sink here my climb is
iXB81EQQkAM-00149-00038034-00038195 Doris that you guys saw at the beginning
iXB81EQQkAM-00150-00038196-00038489 of the video actually opted for this and
iXB81EQQkAM-00151-00038490-00038621 she got a really good deal on this home
iXB81EQQkAM-00152-00038622-00038849 so I'll tell you guys that especially
iXB81EQQkAM-00153-00038850-00039005 for that they gave some really really
iXB81EQQkAM-00154-00039006-00039239 good incentives I want you guys to take
iXB81EQQkAM-00155-00039240-00039467 a look at absolutely everything build
iXB81EQQkAM-00156-00039468-00039629 quality is beautiful this is our dining
iXB81EQQkAM-00157-00039630-00039935 area you guys have uh dinner here eat
iXB81EQQkAM-00158-00039936-00040240 lunch got the TV there so this is you're
iXB81EQQkAM-00159-00040241-00040390 never going to feel isolated as far as
iXB81EQQkAM-00160-00040391-00040577 being in this home even if you're by
iXB81EQQkAM-00161-00040578-00040762 yourself well I will get a dog or
iXB81EQQkAM-00162-00040763-00040912 something but you know that's just me
iXB81EQQkAM-00163-00040913-00041111 thankfully I'm not by myself I have a
iXB81EQQkAM-00164-00041112-00041327 girlfriend you guys know but this is our
iXB81EQQkAM-00165-00041328-00041668 actual uh living space living area right
iXB81EQQkAM-00166-00041669-00041771 here this is what we're going to be
iXB81EQQkAM-00167-00041772-00042023 doing got your scenes in right there my
iXB81EQQkAM-00168-00042024-00042221 man is actually on the way to getting
iXB81EQQkAM-00169-00042222-00042479 his real estate license soon so you guys
iXB81EQQkAM-00170-00042480-00042671 got to keep that in mind the team is
iXB81EQQkAM-00171-00042672-00042959 growing I'm growing Marlon I just I love
iXB81EQQkAM-00172-00042960-00043157 what I do and I want you guys to keep
iXB81EQQkAM-00173-00043158-00043396 that in mind so enough for me talking
iXB81EQQkAM-00174-00043397-00043679 let me actually head here and you guys
iXB81EQQkAM-00175-00043680-00043990 see we have this hidden kind of walkway
iXB81EQQkAM-00176-00043991-00044327 um sorry a client is actually calling me
iXB81EQQkAM-00177-00044328-00044555 if you guys give me a second this is
iXB81EQQkAM-00178-00044556-00044830 where we are
iXB81EQQkAM-00179-00044831-00045257 um once again huge huge very very tall
iXB81EQQkAM-00180-00045258-00045593 walkway and this is our master
iXB81EQQkAM-00181-00045594-00045779 sorry let me just get to this client
iXB81EQQkAM-00182-00045780-00045958 I've been really busy guys everybody
iXB81EQQkAM-00183-00045959-00046121 that's been reaching out I just want you
iXB81EQQkAM-00184-00046122-00046289 guys to remember if I don't answer the
iXB81EQQkAM-00185-00046290-00046487 phone don't be shy to call me I'm on
iXB81EQQkAM-00186-00046488-00046643 appointments all day but I will do my
iXB81EQQkAM-00187-00046644-00046907 best to service absolutely everybody
iXB81EQQkAM-00188-00046908-00047302 this is our Master huge I love this as
iXB81EQQkAM-00189-00047303-00047440 well
iXB81EQQkAM-00190-00047441-00047705 let's take a look at our master bath
iXB81EQQkAM-00191-00047706-00047885 you do have an option
iXB81EQQkAM-00192-00047886-00048058 for this to actually be a little bit
iXB81EQQkAM-00193-00048059-00048274 shorter and they will install an actual
iXB81EQQkAM-00194-00048275-00048611 tub actually the reso home that is
iXB81EQQkAM-00195-00048612-00048845 available of this exact model they have
iXB81EQQkAM-00196-00048846-00049061 a freestanding tub there and I love that
iXB81EQQkAM-00197-00049062-00049433 so these are our dual counter dual sinks
iXB81EQQkAM-00198-00049434-00049601 as far as the counter types I know you
iXB81EQQkAM-00199-00049602-00049817 guys see that walk-in closet it says
iXB81EQQkAM-00200-00049818-00050027 where the toilet would be
iXB81EQQkAM-00201-00050028-00050183 telling you guys this is a really really
iXB81EQQkAM-00202-00050184-00050339 nice home so
iXB81EQQkAM-00203-00050340-00050561 this is our walk-in
iXB81EQQkAM-00204-00050562-00050830 it's nestled very nicely I know you guys
iXB81EQQkAM-00205-00050831-00051029 weren't expecting that over there but
iXB81EQQkAM-00206-00051030-00051232 hey guys I really love this I want you
iXB81EQQkAM-00207-00051233-00051407 guys to know as well you know I've
iXB81EQQkAM-00208-00051408-00051623 really been working with a lot of uh
iXB81EQQkAM-00209-00051624-00051940 former vets utilizing their VA loans and
iXB81EQQkAM-00210-00051941-00052114 you know salutes everybody thank you for
iXB81EQQkAM-00211-00052115-00052330 the service 100 percent
iXB81EQQkAM-00212-00052332-00052582 I'm very very happy I'm able to help you
iXB81EQQkAM-00213-00052583-00052780 guys on your journey to find your dream
iXB81EQQkAM-00214-00052782-00053063 home I know my client is Doris is more
iXB81EQQkAM-00215-00053064-00053338 than happy that we're gonna get her into
iXB81EQQkAM-00216-00053339-00053530 the home of her dreams so let me
iXB81EQQkAM-00217-00053532-00053735 actually take you guys this way we did
iXB81EQQkAM-00218-00053736-00053921 cover all four bedrooms
iXB81EQQkAM-00219-00053922-00054119 so all that's left for me to show is
iXB81EQQkAM-00220-00054120-00054419 basically this back patio area I almost
iXB81EQQkAM-00221-00054420-00054611 walked into that and bang my head but
iXB81EQQkAM-00222-00054612-00054713 it's okay
iXB81EQQkAM-00223-00054714-00054904 so if we come out here I want you guys
iXB81EQQkAM-00224-00054905-00055085 to keep in mind that this is just for
iXB81EQQkAM-00225-00055086-00055342 show but the lots are very similar
iXB81EQQkAM-00226-00055344-00055625 this is very nice my client and I
iXB81EQQkAM-00227-00055626-00055823 actually opted for the extended Lanai
iXB81EQQkAM-00228-00055824-00056021 that actually goes onto the roof and
iXB81EQQkAM-00229-00056022-00056182 this is pretty much going to be slab the
iXB81EQQkAM-00230-00056183-00056369 rest will be grass if you did purchase
iXB81EQQkAM-00231-00056370-00056476 this home
iXB81EQQkAM-00232-00056477-00056759 but this is what we are looking at guys
iXB81EQQkAM-00233-00056760-00057041 I really love this I want to remember uh
iXB81EQQkAM-00234-00057041-00057221 remind you guys once again my name is
iXB81EQQkAM-00235-00057222-00057473 Brandon Polito I'm a realtor part of the
iXB81EQQkAM-00236-00057474-00057635 Prasad group salary the camera actually
iXB81EQQkAM-00237-00057636-00057850 died but like I was saying make sure you
iXB81EQQkAM-00238-00057851-00057982 reach out to myself in the group the
iXB81EQQkAM-00239-00057983-00058175 phone number will be here along with all
iXB81EQQkAM-00240-00058176-00058391 of my socials I'll be more than glad to
iXB81EQQkAM-00241-00058391-00058600 help you until I see you guys make sure
iXB81EQQkAM-00242-00058601-00058726 you give me a call if you need further
iXB81EQQkAM-00243-00058727-00058919 information I'm going to hand this off
iXB81EQQkAM-00244-00058920-00059249 to my uh man yaseen once again this is
iXB81EQQkAM-00245-00059250-00059459 just absolutely beautiful brand new
iXB81EQQkAM-00246-00059460-00059711 construction 9 to 10 months if you're
iXB81EQQkAM-00247-00059712-00059938 flexible as far as waiting time for the
iXB81EQQkAM-00248-00059939-00060107 perfect home of your dreams make sure
iXB81EQQkAM-00249-00060108-00060263 you reach out I'll make it happen if
iXB81EQQkAM-00250-00060264-00062173 you're all right Prasad group out
iXB81EQQkAM-00251-00062174-00063466 thank you
iXB81EQQkAM-00252-00063467-00063694 thank you
iXB81EQQkAM-00253-00063695-00063908 thank you
iYUkNSRB_3k-00001-00004284-00005711 foreign
iYUkNSRB_3k-00002-00005712-00007103 hmm
iYUkNSRB_3k-00003-00007104-00007446 permanent secretary of civil service
iYUkNSRB_3k-00004-00007447-00007742 is is quoted as the confirming
iYUkNSRB_3k-00005-00007743-00008031 government is going to raise
iYUkNSRB_3k-00006-00008031-00008310 you are telling the people that what bob
iYUkNSRB_3k-00007-00008311-00008367 wade is
iYUkNSRB_3k-00008-00008368-00009887 saying is
iYUkNSRB_3k-00009-00009888-00012565 foreign
iYUkNSRB_3k-00010-00012566-00014119 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00011-00014119-00015271 where do you find a journalist
iYUkNSRB_3k-00012-00015272-00016883 when you are going to cover together
iYUkNSRB_3k-00013-00016884-00019683 update
iYUkNSRB_3k-00014-00019684-00022494 me
iYUkNSRB_3k-00015-00022495-00022911 niagara foreign the person
iYUkNSRB_3k-00016-00022912-00023255 who has the capacity to raise the
iYUkNSRB_3k-00017-00023256-00023335 salaries
iYUkNSRB_3k-00018-00023336-00023822 of civil servants is a person who cannot
iYUkNSRB_3k-00019-00023823-00025150 finance is
iYUkNSRB_3k-00020-00025151-00025478 to finance your budget are you the one
iYUkNSRB_3k-00021-00025479-00025702 who can take the civil servants into
iYUkNSRB_3k-00022-00025704-00026183 canada
iYUkNSRB_3k-00023-00026183-00026495 government government is in the
iYUkNSRB_3k-00024-00026495-00026683 financial crisis
iYUkNSRB_3k-00025-00026683-00028083 um
iYUkNSRB_3k-00026-00028083-00029423 is
iYUkNSRB_3k-00027-00029424-00030114 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00028-00030116-00032217 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00029-00032218-00033049 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00030-00033050-00033683 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00031-00033684-00034738 um
iYUkNSRB_3k-00032-00034739-00035083 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00033-00035084-00035991 foreign
iYUkNSRB_3k-00035-00040856-00041015 if you are strong and you are
iYUkNSRB_3k-00036-00041016-00041167 knowledgeable about the media
iYUkNSRB_3k-00037-00041168-00041351 what is happening in the media why don't
iYUkNSRB_3k-00038-00041352-00042087 you counter these people
iYUkNSRB_3k-00039-00042088-00042937 season
iYUkNSRB_3k-00040-00042938-00043367 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00041-00043368-00043583 did you help government did they
iYUkNSRB_3k-00042-00043584-00044711 identify this problem
iYUkNSRB_3k-00043-00044712-00045996 yes they are
iYUkNSRB_3k-00045-00049084-00050483 um
iYUkNSRB_3k-00046-00050484-00053282 m
iYUkNSRB_3k-00049-00063083-00063663 foreign
iYUkNSRB_3k-00050-00063664-00063975 this time around we are going to stand
iYUkNSRB_3k-00051-00063976-00064294 on the head of miso
iYUkNSRB_3k-00052-00064295-00066091 i know what you don't miss oh
iYUkNSRB_3k-00053-00066092-00066640 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00054-00066641-00068682 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00056-00072944-00074732 foreign
iYUkNSRB_3k-00057-00074733-00075554 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00058-00075555-00078482 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00059-00078483-00079437 um
iYUkNSRB_3k-00063-00099472-00099718 how does those people move on in the
iYUkNSRB_3k-00064-00099719-00099806 collars
iYUkNSRB_3k-00066-00103719-00104063 any politics a person you must read
iYUkNSRB_3k-00067-00104064-00104334 pamper is that what we can convert
iYUkNSRB_3k-00068-00104335-00104382 support
iYUkNSRB_3k-00069-00104383-00104710 for you you're lucky for presidential
iYUkNSRB_3k-00070-00104711-00104854 advisors
iYUkNSRB_3k-00071-00104855-00105110 in meetings um but i'm seeing a meeting
iYUkNSRB_3k-00072-00105111-00105190 where timeline
iYUkNSRB_3k-00073-00105191-00105697 is seated
iYUkNSRB_3k-00076-00115111-00115471 this man because he went to school
iYUkNSRB_3k-00077-00115472-00115839 so if i can mix
iYUkNSRB_3k-00078-00115840-00116158 body level at the strategic
iYUkNSRB_3k-00079-00116159-00116671 body level if i can sit with the people
iYUkNSRB_3k-00080-00116672-00116919 in freedom that's why i'm a successful
iYUkNSRB_3k-00081-00116920-00117527 wife
iYUkNSRB_3k-00083-00124144-00124439 you can only be deleted after the
iYUkNSRB_3k-00084-00124440-00124558 consent
iYUkNSRB_3k-00086-00128686-00128883 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00087-00128883-00130214 foreign
iYUkNSRB_3k-00089-00137303-00137614 saying what's the price of the heart the
iYUkNSRB_3k-00090-00137615-00137711 heart
iYUkNSRB_3k-00091-00137712-00138054 50 thousand dollars we can even reduce
iYUkNSRB_3k-00092-00138055-00138511 the price
iYUkNSRB_3k-00093-00138512-00138910 mr win
iYUkNSRB_3k-00094-00138911-00140375 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00095-00140376-00140559 and you've been doing that a professor
iYUkNSRB_3k-00096-00140560-00140831 who died who was presiding over
iYUkNSRB_3k-00097-00140832-00141199 the operation came to me before you died
iYUkNSRB_3k-00099-00155664-00155919 these people are very bitter about
iYUkNSRB_3k-00100-00155920-00155999 muslims
iYUkNSRB_3k-00101-00156000-00156678 why they're seeing him as their ability
iYUkNSRB_3k-00102-00156679-00156839 that's why they want to sacrifice from
iYUkNSRB_3k-00103-00156840-00158007 something
iYUkNSRB_3k-00104-00158008-00159683 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00105-00159684-00160324 um
iYUkNSRB_3k-00107-00165208-00165423 that's why you cannot win a war against
iYUkNSRB_3k-00108-00165424-00165566 the muslims
iYUkNSRB_3k-00109-00165567-00166207 you were given 30 million per month
iYUkNSRB_3k-00111-00173349-00173683 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00112-00173684-00174385 foreign
iYUkNSRB_3k-00113-00174386-00175083 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00114-00175084-00175513 oh
iYUkNSRB_3k-00115-00175514-00177008 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00116-00177009-00178224 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00117-00178225-00179393 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00118-00179394-00180467 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00119-00180468-00180993 [Music]
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iYUkNSRB_3k-00122-00185817-00187018 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00123-00187019-00188164 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00124-00188165-00190476 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00125-00190477-00191531 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00126-00191532-00192983 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00127-00192984-00193649 the taste of uganda
iYUkNSRB_3k-00128-00193650-00194884 [Music]
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iYUkNSRB_3k-00130-00197484-00197620 coca-cola
iYUkNSRB_3k-00131-00197621-00197831 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00132-00197832-00198063 everyone says you start a business you
iYUkNSRB_3k-00133-00198064-00198183 will make money
iYUkNSRB_3k-00134-00198184-00198335 but what they don't tell you is that
iYUkNSRB_3k-00135-00198336-00198519 having market for your product is key to
iYUkNSRB_3k-00136-00198520-00198678 making your business a success
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iYUkNSRB_3k-00143-00199872-00200283 very own trade manager simply visit
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iYUkNSRB_3k-00145-00200551-00200743 sign up and find your market stand big
iYUkNSRB_3k-00146-00200744-00200935 bank it can be
iYUkNSRB_3k-00147-00200936-00201095 done big bank is regulated by the bank
iYUkNSRB_3k-00148-00201096-00201254 of uganda and customer deposits are
iYUkNSRB_3k-00149-00201255-00201479 protected by the deposit protection fund
iYUkNSRB_3k-00150-00201480-00201683 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00151-00201684-00201957 baby
iYUkNSRB_3k-00152-00201958-00203083 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00153-00203084-00203255 is
iYUkNSRB_3k-00154-00203256-00203687 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00155-00203688-00205519 jelly baby
iYUkNSRB_3k-00156-00205521-00206623 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00157-00206623-00206903 this is something we can handle gently
iYUkNSRB_3k-00158-00206904-00207142 without fighting
iYUkNSRB_3k-00159-00207144-00207455 i was talking to some gentleman
iYUkNSRB_3k-00160-00207456-00207751 and he was telling me that he has links
iYUkNSRB_3k-00161-00207752-00207879 with the
iYUkNSRB_3k-00162-00207880-00208246 mirror so they normally can meet
iYUkNSRB_3k-00163-00208248-00208534 and they make that arrangement because
iYUkNSRB_3k-00164-00208535-00208598 we can't
iYUkNSRB_3k-00165-00208600-00209038 afford to lose anything any further
iYUkNSRB_3k-00166-00209039-00209342 because particularly we are not
iYUkNSRB_3k-00167-00209344-00209638 that powerful until we have defeated
iYUkNSRB_3k-00168-00209639-00209823 this man
iYUkNSRB_3k-00169-00209823-00210182 if we cannot defeat him if we cannot
iYUkNSRB_3k-00170-00210183-00210342 settle with him
iYUkNSRB_3k-00171-00210344-00210631 if we cannot sit down and be able to
iYUkNSRB_3k-00172-00210632-00210734 talk
iYUkNSRB_3k-00173-00210735-00211063 one-on-one then we cannot say that we
iYUkNSRB_3k-00174-00211064-00211358 are strong enough
iYUkNSRB_3k-00175-00211359-00211615 because we belong now to the outcast
iYUkNSRB_3k-00176-00211616-00211694 where
iYUkNSRB_3k-00177-00211696-00211951 very few people are concerned about us
iYUkNSRB_3k-00178-00211952-00212063 they are concerned
iYUkNSRB_3k-00179-00212064-00212463 about our welfare very few
iYUkNSRB_3k-00180-00212464-00212815 especially from the powerful circles
iYUkNSRB_3k-00181-00212816-00213119 we are isolated and if we don't
iYUkNSRB_3k-00182-00213119-00213391 do much we are likely to become the
iYUkNSRB_3k-00183-00213392-00213455 losers
iYUkNSRB_3k-00184-00213456-00213798 of the day the losers of 2020
iYUkNSRB_3k-00185-00213800-00214103 the losers of even 2021 and beyond
iYUkNSRB_3k-00186-00214104-00214351 so that is why i normally want everybody
iYUkNSRB_3k-00187-00214352-00214479 to think
iYUkNSRB_3k-00188-00214480-00214775 let us think such that we are able to
iYUkNSRB_3k-00189-00214776-00214831 act
iYUkNSRB_3k-00190-00214832-00215055 according to the thought we need to
iYUkNSRB_3k-00191-00215056-00215198 subscribe to reason
iYUkNSRB_3k-00192-00215200-00215463 and logic we should not always remain
iYUkNSRB_3k-00193-00215464-00215582 emotional
iYUkNSRB_3k-00194-00215583-00215871 let us not overestimate ourselves and
iYUkNSRB_3k-00195-00215871-00216023 underestimate
iYUkNSRB_3k-00196-00216023-00216271 our adversaries when we look at the
iYUkNSRB_3k-00197-00216271-00216471 river which is our
iYUkNSRB_3k-00198-00216471-00216703 adversary i cannot include this
iYUkNSRB_3k-00199-00216704-00216894 excellence because
iYUkNSRB_3k-00200-00216896-00217167 he has a right to to put things right
iYUkNSRB_3k-00201-00217167-00217198 the way
iYUkNSRB_3k-00202-00217200-00217494 he perceives so that is why i'm telling
iYUkNSRB_3k-00203-00217496-00217623 you
iYUkNSRB_3k-00204-00217623-00217958 professor yes you have the dusters to do
iYUkNSRB_3k-00205-00217959-00218223 everything in your efforts to say that
iYUkNSRB_3k-00206-00218223-00218446 we belong somewhere
iYUkNSRB_3k-00207-00218448-00218815 we belong to the any cloud we don't have
iYUkNSRB_3k-00208-00218816-00218958 to remain the outcast
iYUkNSRB_3k-00209-00218959-00219271 just because we can fail to sort out
iYUkNSRB_3k-00210-00219271-00219367 some things
iYUkNSRB_3k-00211-00219367-00219671 which can simply be worked on by
iYUkNSRB_3k-00212-00219671-00220006 just the inside mob here yeah
iYUkNSRB_3k-00213-00220007-00220215 and we saw them waiting to become the
iYUkNSRB_3k-00214-00220216-00220455 enemies of the state and once we are
iYUkNSRB_3k-00215-00220456-00220592 classified as the soul
iYUkNSRB_3k-00216-00220594-00221206 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00217-00221207-00224087 there was a
iYUkNSRB_3k-00218-00224088-00225487 stand
iYUkNSRB_3k-00220-00229973-00231082 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00221-00231083-00232482 foreign
iYUkNSRB_3k-00222-00232483-00233882 um
iYUkNSRB_3k-00223-00233883-00236682 is
iYUkNSRB_3k-00224-00236683-00237652 is
iYUkNSRB_3k-00225-00237653-00238944 [Music]
iYUkNSRB_3k-00227-00242283-00242583 foreign
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00000-00000005-00000229 I'd like to welcome everyone my name is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00001-00000231-00000494 Sherwood Smith I'm senior executive
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00002-00000495-00000634 director for diversity engagement and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00003-00000635-00000893 professional development and we're
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00004-00000894-00001232 sponsoring this talk by Professor Edward
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00005-00001233-00001520 Dunbar from UCLA by practice he's a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00006-00001521-00001970 clinical psychologist at UCLA and I had
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00007-00001971-00002162 the pleasure of meeting him at the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00008-00002163-00002326 Summer Institute for intercultural
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00009-00002327-00002540 communication where he also teaches and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00010-00002541-00002750 many years ago he was here for something
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00011-00002751-00002917 called psychology challenges biased
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00012-00002918-00003359 behavior he is an author and will tell
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00013-00003360-00003584 you a little bit about his books but was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00014-00003585-00003785 most recent books is the psychology of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00015-00003786-00004250 hate crimes as domestic terrorism and he
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00016-00004251-00004490 was given the 2001 award by the American
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00017-00004491-00004688 Psychological Association for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00018-00004689-00004906 professional service contributions to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00019-00004907-00005056 the community he's worked with the u.s.
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00020-00005057-00005261 CLE Police Department Unified School
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00021-00005262-00005377 District in UCLA
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00022-00005378-00005675 and has done a lot of detailed research
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00023-00005676-00005861 which will have the benefit of tonight
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00024-00005862-00006092 to understand sort of the motivations
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00025-00006093-00006475 and also some extent effective responses
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00026-00006476-00006835 so without further ado Edie thank you so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00027-00006836-00007006 much for joining us
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00028-00007006-00007669 hey there hi can you all hear me okay so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00029-00007670-00007991 thank you for having me here which
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00030-00007992-00008123 Sherwood didn't say is that I used to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00031-00008123-00008276 teach second grade in the White
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00032-00008277-00008439 Mountains of New Hampshire years ago
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00033-00008440-00008653 though I'm not originally in New England
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00034-00008654-00008795 but so I appreciate this part of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00035-00008796-00008978 country I'd love to come back here hear
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00036-00008979-00009221 a little bit about what I'd like to talk
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00037-00009222-00009377 to talk with you about and kind of go
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00038-00009378-00009671 through is to give you a working
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00039-00009672-00009848 definition and really what a hate crime
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00040-00009849-00009989 is I know it's a term that we've all
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00041-00009990-00010142 heard but to kind of look at it up close
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00042-00010143-00010378 and personal spend a little bit of time
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00043-00010379-00010639 talking about the people that we see who
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00044-00010640-00010853 have perpetrated forms of hate crimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00045-00010854-00011276 domestic terrorism in this country talk
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00046-00011277-00011399 about something kind of interesting
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00047-00011400-00011585 which is actually a book I've got coming
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00048-00011586-00011894 out in about a month now on looking at
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00049-00011895-00012098 the interrelationship between hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00050-00012099-00012308 violence in the United States and the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00051-00012309-00012749 2016 presidential election and really
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00052-00012750-00012860 then talk a little bit about some of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00053-00012861-00013112 fallout for how
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00054-00013113-00013262 society right now is dealing with the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00055-00013263-00013610 issue of to use an old term intergroup
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00056-00013611-00013859 relationships or intergroup conflict in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00057-00013860-00014201 the aftermath of the election and the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00058-00014202-00014297 things that we've seen that have been
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00059-00014297-00014501 happening so to kind of put it another
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00060-00014502-00014938 way by my background I've worked inside
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00061-00014940-00015104 the Los Angeles Police Department the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00062-00015105-00015233 criminal conspiracy unit where I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00063-00015234-00015458 basically walked through the front door
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00064-00015459-00015611 and said I've been doing research and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00065-00015612-00015743 hate crimes for about the last 15 years
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00066-00015744-00015916 I like to come in and work in your crime
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00067-00015918-00016196 lab and bring my psychology students
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00068-00016197-00016535 with me and have access to work with you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00069-00016536-00016754 and interestingly they were open to that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00070-00016755-00016907 and allowed me to spend the better part
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00071-00016908-00017165 of five six years working as part of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00072-00017166-00017336 their investigative unit so some of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00073-00017337-00017495 things I'm gonna talk about come right
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00074-00017496-00017813 out of the data of our working with the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00075-00017814-00017993 police officers responding to hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00076-00017994-00018155 crimes and then analyzing the crime
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00077-00018156-00018299 reports and falling for the criminal
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00078-00018300-00018512 histories of these offenders as a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00079-00018513-00018803 clinician I've worked with people who
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00080-00018804-00019139 have been hate organizers I've work in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00081-00019140-00019259 people that are mandated for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00082-00019260-00019525 perpetrating hate crimes in Los Angeles
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00083-00019526-00019811 I've had students of mine who have been
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00084-00019812-00020165 gay bashed I've had patients I've worked
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00085-00020166-00020351 with who I've treated who were the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00086-00020352-00020504 victims of violent forms of hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00087-00020505-00020900 activity hate offences hate assaults and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00088-00020901-00021041 I've spent a fair amount of time working
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00089-00021042-00021281 in some of the courtrooms situations
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00090-00021282-00021419 having to do with people that have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00091-00021420-00021671 perpetrated homicides harassed
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00092-00021672-00021875 individuals and also them the claimants
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00093-00021876-00022022 who have brought charges against
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00094-00022023-00022154 institutions where they have been the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00095-00022155-00022340 targets of eight crimes and hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00096-00022341-00022571 incidents so to me this is not some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00097-00022572-00022894 abstract far remove idea it's not like
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00098-00022895-00023087 I'm looking at Department of Justice
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00099-00023088-00023255 Statistics but other people that I had
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00100-00023256-00023504 see maybe sometimes you know in a weekly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00101-00023505-00023708 basis even more than weekly basis maybe
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00102-00023709-00023936 over the course of several years so I'll
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00103-00023937-00024086 talk a little bit of the sort of more
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00104-00024087-00024244 immediate level of what this kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00105-00024245-00024533 looks like up close and personal so all
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00106-00024534-00024758 that being said and I'll give you two
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00107-00024759-00024917 quick illustration of what we're looking
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00108-00024918-00025219 at here this is an example of a statute
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00109-00025220-00025544 California State and I would point out
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00110-00025545-00025787 to you if you come down through here to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00111-00025788-00025975 about the fourth line
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00112-00025976-00026270 the idea about motivation being either
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00113-00026270-00026468 in whole or in part
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00114-00026469-00026867 italics mine by the hostility to the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00115-00026868-00027139 real or perceived ethnic background
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00116-00027141-00027346 national origin religious beliefs sex
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00117-00027347-00027680 age disability sexual orientation so you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00118-00027681-00027871 know this is very psychologically Laden
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00119-00027872-00028024 because we're introducing the idea of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00120-00028025-00028226 motivation as if we can understand the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00121-00028227-00028433 motivation of a person who does hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00122-00028433-00028748 violence and also enter into the idea of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00123-00028749-00029145 trying to understand how they perceive
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00124-00029147-00029624 really us and the conception of the idea
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00125-00029625-00029780 of difference is something that then
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00126-00029781-00030086 leads people to engage in forms of fear
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00127-00030087-00030308 and intimidation with the intention of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00128-00030308-00030745 causing fear and intimidation so some of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00129-00030747-00030899 you probably know this because if you're
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00130-00030900-00031187 here at five o'clock the afternoon after
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00131-00031188-00031379 a long day you know clearly your
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00132-00031380-00031598 motivations are you know special and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00133-00031599-00032083 unique or an important frankly to me
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00134-00032083-00032342 this is not a crime in these are not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00135-00032343-00032545 crimes perpetrated against individuals
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00136-00032547-00032651 they're crimes that are perpetrated
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00137-00032652-00033035 against communities and also perpetrated
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00138-00033036-00033448 against classes of individuals and the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00139-00033449-00033680 motivation is really not just the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00140-00033681-00033968 individual that is targeted it is to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00141-00033969-00034157 send the message in most of these cases
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00142-00034158-00034601 to anyone of that population Vermont's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00143-00034602-00034868 law a little bit truncated here but
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00144-00034869-00035077 again bias-motivated
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00145-00035078-00035282 violence and you know by the way the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00146-00035283-00035449 word hate is something I want to look at
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00147-00035450-00035630 a little bit into this with you to say
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00148-00035631-00035965 hate is it hate or is it bias and they
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00149-00035966-00036089 are really you know in some ways are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00150-00036090-00036324 quite different things and again
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00151-00036325-00036554 intimidation where there could be a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00152-00036555-00036724 civil action meaning that there's the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00153-00036725-00037102 opportunity for a civil remedy to this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00154-00037103-00037370 problem as well as criminal penalties to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00155-00037371-00037645 this problem and then we can see the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00156-00037646-00037904 kind of typical classes that have been
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00157-00037905-00038146 promulgated here race religion ethnicity
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00158-00038147-00038326 sexual orientation
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00159-00038327-00038496 and other other including physical
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00160-00038497-00038905 mental disabilities so kind of as a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00161-00038906-00039532 primer to you is I'd like to around deal
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00162-00039533-00039774 with some of the resistance you may find
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00163-00039775-00039943 if you walk out of here today and you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00164-00039944-00040149 talk to people about I'm trying to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00165-00040150-00040270 understand what this thing called a hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00166-00040271-00040465 crime is it's something that occurs in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00167-00040466-00040645 our country it's something which has
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00168-00040646-00040890 been identified since about 1992 with
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00169-00040891-00041180 the passage of a federal act asking for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00170-00041181-00041493 state law enforcement agencies to report
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00171-00041494-00041818 hate violence so what is this thing and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00172-00041819-00041949 what is it we're looking at and what do
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00173-00041950-00042105 we see in the way of resistance to this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00174-00042106-00042396 to this class of legislation and laws
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00175-00042397-00042733 well for one is to say that it is not at
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00176-00042734-00042907 a crime against a person but it's again
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00177-00042908-00043033 as I said it's a crime against a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00178-00043034-00043402 community too that a hate crime I'd like
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00179-00043403-00043605 to argue today is not a matter of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00180-00043606-00043852 getting into somebody's internal mental
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00181-00043853-00044011 apparatus it's rather what they do in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00182-00044012-00044146 the public arena and the public sphere
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00183-00044147-00044889 and as such a hate crime is not identity
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00184-00044890-00045220 politics gone amuck it's rather that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00185-00045221-00045430 there has to be a primary offense to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00186-00045431-00045661 begin with in other words there's a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00187-00045662-00045904 generic offense in any hate crime put
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00188-00045905-00046429 simply targeting a mosque and defacing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00189-00046430-00046708 it it's called property crime the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00190-00046709-00046873 question then becomes is there also
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00191-00046874-00047164 additionally what we call an enhancement
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00192-00047165-00047433 offense which has to do with saying this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00193-00047434-00047630 was also bias-motivated
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00194-00047631-00047995 robbery is a crime which when there's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00195-00047996-00048199 also the presence that I'm robbing as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00196-00048200-00048370 I've known people I've talked to people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00197-00048371-00048849 who will say I rob gay men because they
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00198-00048850-00048967 won't go to the police because the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00199-00048968-00049149 police are just as likely to be a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00200-00049150-00049545 violent as I am so therefore I go pick a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00201-00049546-00049726 victim who's not likely to report the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00202-00049727-00050317 crime so the infraction has to first be
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00203-00050318-00050496 found on the penal code we call the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00204-00050497-00050799 enhancement which in Vermont California
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00205-00050800-00051264 any state law would then say in addition
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00206-00051265-00051475 there is this other offense which we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00207-00051476-00051679 treat as being serious enough that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00208-00051679-00051870 we'll then arrest the individual and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00209-00051871-00052082 potentially prosecute them for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00210-00052083-00052455 perpetrating a biased motivated crime so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00211-00052456-00052632 I want to emphasize when people say you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00212-00052633-00052885 know here here we go all crimes are hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00213-00052886-00053361 crimes now I've worked in a youth prison
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00214-00053362-00053641 in New York City in the past I've
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00215-00053641-00053874 honestly must have evaluated at least
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00216-00053875-00054161 2,000 people who have been released from
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00217-00054162-00054441 California State Penitentiary's I used
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00218-00054442-00054600 to work with kids who belong to the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00219-00054601-00055009 Mexican Mafia and a program the vast
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00220-00055010-00055185 majority of violent offenders that I've
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00221-00055186-00055368 evaluated that I've worked with that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00222-00055369-00055629 I've seen would say they have no animus
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00223-00055630-00055830 whatsoever towards their victims it's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00224-00055831-00056059 for them a lifestyle and it's a form of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00225-00056060-00056215 self support it's an economic
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00226-00056216-00056472 alternative to working if you will in a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00227-00056473-00056942 fast-food restaurant so animus or
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00228-00056943-00057261 hostility may be really very absent and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00229-00057262-00057417 you know it's kind of intriguing a term
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00230-00057418-00057594 I may not use again today the clinical
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00231-00057595-00057650 psychopath
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00232-00057651-00058038 you know they may be very under aroused
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00233-00058039-00058362 right physiologically people are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00234-00058363-00058548 extremely dangerous and violent in some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00235-00058549-00058696 cases right before they do the crime
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00236-00058697-00059028 their heart rate drops their pulse drops
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00237-00059029-00059248 they become focused we'll talk about
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00238-00059249-00059560 that a little bit so all crimes are not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00239-00059561-00059728 crimes of hate in fact the majority
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00240-00059729-00060018 again of career criminals are doing this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00241-00060019-00060186 work for them it's like their day in the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00242-00060187-00060654 office so hate crimes are crimes that is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00243-00060655-00060918 I'd also suggest have a cultural meaning
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00244-00060919-00061257 to all of us that we we understand the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00245-00061258-00061528 offense because it it resonates two
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00246-00061529-00061723 things about the dynamics of our history
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00247-00061724-00062059 of our culture of our community of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00248-00062060-00062434 relationships we hold and hence as such
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00249-00062435-00062746 we know that these are crimes that hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00250-00062747-00063011 makes some sense or bias if you will
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00251-00063012-00063421 make some sense and maybe we could to a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00252-00063422-00063606 little quick thought experiment why
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00253-00063607-00063796 don't we take the first case so if
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00254-00063797-00064096 everybody could be so good as to get a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00255-00064097-00064413 case study here and just take a moment
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00256-00064414-00064638 silently to read it and then I'll tell
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00257-00064639-00064791 you a little bit about the case and just
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00258-00064792-00065050 to kind of hammer out some of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00259-00065051-00065256 here about what bias may look like in a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00260-00065257-00065475 specific instance so well this is coming
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00261-00065476-00065631 around let me just kind of add about
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00262-00065632-00066505 this UCLA schools universities in Texas
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00263-00066506-00066898 Hawaii Oregon I've done research on
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00264-00066899-00067237 students experience of bias and you know
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00265-00067238-00067362 what a lot of these are what we would
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00266-00067363-00067741 call a hate incident meaning they are as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00267-00067742-00068001 I use in my title kind of like bad
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00268-00068002-00068500 manners or hate speech so consider you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00269-00068501-00068700 could walk across the street onto a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00270-00068701-00069006 public sidewalk and use pretty much any
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00271-00069007-00069361 kind of language of hatred and in the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00272-00069362-00069531 United States it's protected under the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00273-00069532-00069850 First Amendment so here we get in a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00274-00069851-00070255 culture in the United States will say
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00275-00070256-00070573 that that's a right of free speech now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00276-00070574-00070993 if you walk into the classroom or if you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00277-00070994-00071218 walk into the workplace you have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00278-00071219-00071469 probably violated an institutional code
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00279-00071470-00071787 that is either state institution based
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00280-00071788-00072016 and/or federal so like for example if
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00281-00072017-00072243 there's federal education money we will
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00282-00072244-00072466 say you cannot have a hostile learning
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00283-00072467-00072687 environment just like you cannot have a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00284-00072688-00073005 hostile work environment and those may
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00285-00073006-00073246 be treated not as criminal but rather as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00286-00073247-00073471 infractions that the person will be
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00287-00073472-00073863 dealt with hopefully and that the target
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00288-00073864-00074299 will be supported hopefully but those
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00289-00074300-00074607 are not crimes those are you know bad
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00290-00074608-00075103 manners plus plus so many of the things
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00291-00075104-00075594 that may occur at a campus will fall
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00292-00075595-00075843 short of being criminal but I would
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00293-00075844-00076080 argue from the work I've done over 15
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00294-00076081-00076309 years with the experience of university
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00295-00076310-00076642 students they can be just as emotionally
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00296-00076643-00076891 harmful as an assault with a deadly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00297-00076892-00077221 weapon and in some ways can actually be
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00298-00077222-00077566 worse because as strange as it sounds
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00299-00077567-00077915 the assault usually occurs once
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00300-00077916-00078135 the students I've seen who have been
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00301-00078136-00078441 harassed may have that go on for two or
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00302-00078442-00078671 three years of their academic life
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00303-00078672-00078911 people in the workplace may experience
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00304-00078912-00079116 this as something that occurs over the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00305-00079117-00079380 course of several months and it's not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00306-00079381-00079560 just what is the institution they were
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00307-00079561-00079676 the victim to but it's also what does
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00308-00079677-00079955 the institution do to respond to it so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00309-00079956-00080243 the case is out is that correct yeah
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00310-00080244-00080454 take about two three minutes and just
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00311-00080455-00080655 read this silently then I'll just talk
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00312-00080656-00080916 about the case to you and my question
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00313-00080917-00081096 for you is is this a hate crime go ahead
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00315-00087698-00087957 oh I'll say this is your reading you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00316-00087958-00088125 know if you work in the behavioral
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00317-00088126-00088429 sciences if you work in community if you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00318-00088430-00088765 work in criminal justice maybe even
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00319-00088766-00088954 sometimes Community Relations Social
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00320-00088955-00089376 Policy if you work in student life for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00321-00089377-00089536 your job you get some strange phone
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00322-00089537-00089831 calls okay get some strange phone calls
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00323-00089832-00090162 this person called me up across country
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00324-00090163-00090535 the the victim and said you know what
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00325-00090536-00091188 what is what is this all about so what
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00326-00091189-00091401 do we have here again cuts come back to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00327-00091402-00091609 sort of like you know basic terms we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00328-00091610-00091791 have property crime right it's graffiti
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00329-00091792-00092074 imagine if it's your house right so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00330-00092075-00092457 there has been some kind of symbol
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00331-00092458-00092769 placed on your property without your
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00332-00092770-00093213 permission which also holds a cultural
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00333-00093214-00093792 meaning so elements that are present
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00334-00093793-00094281 granted minor property damage in other
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00335-00094282-00094380 words this would be under like five
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00336-00094381-00094591 hundred dollars probably to repair but
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00337-00094592-00094812 would still qualify as a form of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00338-00094813-00094980 property crime it would also then
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00339-00094981-00095374 qualify potentially if we understand the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00340-00095375-00095935 meaning of a swastika right as a symbol
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00341-00095936-00096291 so what is this individual do number one
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00342-00096292-00096622 they contacted their local synagogue the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00343-00096623-00096918 comment with the rabbi was we've heard
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00344-00096919-00097125 this from other people not too far from
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00345-00097126-00097218 your house
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00346-00097219-00097540 so the messaging was kind of both ways
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00347-00097541-00097828 one this is not just you two something's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00348-00097829-00098373 going on here and we're not so sure why
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00349-00098374-00098601 what the individual said to me was kind
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00350-00098602-00098710 of interesting he said you know I've
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00351-00098711-00098923 lived in this house for several several
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00352-00098924-00099217 years I am moving out and now this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00353-00099218-00099421 happens you know and while it might seem
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00354-00099422-00099640 unimportant it was really also very
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00355-00099641-00099894 baffling to the individual and became
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00356-00099895-00100249 part of the question so it was investing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00357-00100250-00100455 about police the New Jersey which is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00358-00100456-00100624 where the security human relations
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00359-00100625-00100760 commission got involved
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00360-00100761-00101113 they get the synagogue was involved with
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00361-00101114-00101279 me so far so it sounds like a hate crime
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00362-00101280-00101435 it's not a violent hate crime but it's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00363-00101436-00101686 symbolic it sends a message it's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00364-00101687-00101963 relevant to his culture to our
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00365-00101964-00102260 traditions and then something
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00366-00102261-00102466 interesting happened was they talked to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00367-00102467-00103003 the family that was purchasing the house
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00368-00103004-00103510 and sure what you were talking about
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00369-00103511-00103975 being in I think you said Inner Mongolia
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00370-00103976-00104390 okay and in Inner Mongolia you saw a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00371-00104391-00104821 temple and the temple has the swastika
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00372-00104822-00105002 this family
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00373-00105003-00105188 similarly came from a religious sect
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00374-00105189-00105473 where the swastika was something that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00375-00105474-00105677 was put on the house by one of the kids
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00376-00105678-00106134 as a symbol of protection to the house
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00377-00106135-00106472 so in other words to sound like a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00378-00106473-00106724 statistician the false positive this was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00379-00106725-00106883 indeed not a hate crime at all was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00380-00106883-00107059 rather something that was done by the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00381-00107060-00107236 family that had already you know gone
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00382-00107238-00107390 into escrow so forth and so on spec
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00383-00107391-00107618 house but had never communicated that to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00384-00107619-00108279 the current owner so this can get
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00385-00108280-00108782 complicated right away and the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00386-00108783-00108961 complexity leads some people to wonder
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00387-00108963-00109139 if these hate crimes should really exist
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00388-00109140-00109291 you know as saying to some people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00389-00109292-00109533 earlier today I know of two cases where
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00390-00109534-00109799 University faculty in the last 20 years
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00391-00109800-00110110 have faked a hate crime on their campus
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00392-00110111-00110440 and in some cases to kind of try and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00393-00110441-00110578 redirect from things they were doing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00394-00110579-00110771 that got them in trouble ultimately so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00395-00110772-00111079 you know we do have an occasion these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00396-00111080-00111323 false positives either willful or
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00397-00111324-00111590 accidental I personally have never
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00398-00111591-00111731 worked a case like that and I've
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00399-00111732-00111896 probably evaluated something like about
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00400-00111897-00112111 3,500 hate crimes in Los Angeles as well
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00401-00112113-00112319 as other things particularly Florida
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00402-00112320-00112408 where I work with people who do
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00403-00112409-00112688 homicides I have not seen that but I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00404-00112689-00112793 know what's out there
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00405-00112794-00113039 now let's come back to first orders of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00406-00113040-00113339 business who does these crimes and if
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00407-00113340-00113554 you'll look up here this was just a sort
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00408-00113555-00113849 of a day in the life basically here one
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00409-00113850-00113906 year
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00410-00113907-00114178 pulled out randomly of the several years
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00411-00114179-00114398 that I've gathered crime data on in Los
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00412-00114399-00114620 Angeles and I just said okay let's look
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00413-00114621-00114808 at LA we're in one calendar year they
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00414-00114809-00114958 had two hundred thirty seven thousand
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00415-00114959-00115183 roughly two in thirty eight thousand
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00416-00115184-00115390 twenty rounded up total reported
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00417-00115391-00115718 infractions and when you look at this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00418-00115719-00115936 very very small literally about
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00419-00115938-00116156 one-third of one percent of the crimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00420-00116157-00116361 that were identified as hate crimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00421-00116363-00116573 something kind of interesting to kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00422-00116574-00116795 violate some of our stereotypes these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00423-00116796-00116981 are crimes that were substantially more
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00424-00116982-00117285 likely to be perpetrated by adult men
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00425-00117286-00117473 substantially less likely to be
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00426-00117474-00117899 perpetrated by adult women but contrary
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00427-00117900-00118108 to a lot of our our stereotypes of hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00428-00118109-00118370 crime offenders are no more likely to be
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00429-00118371-00118558 perpetrated by adolescents and teenagers
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00430-00118559-00119158 at all so if you think of this being the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00431-00119158-00119314 eighteen year old
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00432-00119315-00119761 seventeen year old neo-nazi think again
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00433-00119762-00120178 in fact the arithmetic average age of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00434-00120179-00120449 the adult suspect we see in Los Angeles
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00435-00120450-00120668 runs around thirty so not talking
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00436-00120669-00120859 twenty-two we're talking people that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00437-00120860-00121133 have been out and in their life arguably
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00438-00121133-00121512 for at least a better part of a decade
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00439-00121513-00121759 importantly too when you look at the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00440-00121760-00122011 kind of offenses if you look here in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00441-00122012-00122212 this first crimes against the person
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00442-00122213-00122491 being a violent offense is that hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00443-00122492-00122708 crimes on the average in the long run
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00444-00122708-00122965 tend to be substantially more violent
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00445-00122966-00123299 than most infractions you say in a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00446-00123300-00123487 community in this case about three and a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00447-00123488-00123988 half fold more so okay so we can talk
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00448-00123989-00124240 about symbolic crimes and indeed I would
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00449-00124241-00124684 say any real hate crime is symbolic but
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00450-00124685-00124871 when you look at really what's happening
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00451-00124872-00125132 they are more violent and in Los Angeles
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00452-00125133-00125335 I'm not going to say this generalizes to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00453-00125336-00125531 our country but Los Angeles I can say
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00454-00125532-00125846 with confidence over twenty years who
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00455-00125847-00126028 are the most violent crimes targeting
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00456-00126029-00126409 our two populations gay and lesbian
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00457-00126410-00127011 targets and african-american
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00458-00127013-00127328 secondly and this won't show here so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00459-00127329-00127486 I'll say a third thing secondly these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00460-00127488-00127652 are much less likely to have to do with
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00461-00127653-00127885 money so now we're getting into the head
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00462-00127886-00128303 of the offender where it's half again as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00463-00128304-00128489 likely that these have any material
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00464-00128490-00128825 pursuit meaning carjacking robbery
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00465-00128826-00129281 burglary the hate offender in many cases
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00466-00129282-00129473 interestingly will perpetrate their
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00467-00129474-00129704 offense where literally they leave the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00468-00129705-00130108 victim with their money so you know we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00469-00130109-00130265 again you know even when I've talked
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00470-00130266-00130435 with a lot of career criminals and you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00471-00130436-00130589 know guess what career criminals also
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00472-00130590-00130715 get in the Internet so there have been
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00473-00130716-00130871 times I've evaluated people they go oh
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00474-00130872-00131054 I've read all your research which is a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00475-00131055-00131207 little chilling you know like you got
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00476-00131208-00131459 some guy out there as I said just sure
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00477-00131460-00131615 would you know I've evaluated stalkers
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00478-00131616-00131762 and they'll send me Christmas cards you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00479-00131763-00131924 know like hi just checking in with you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00480-00131925-00132071 it's like we know where you are we know
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00481-00132072-00132224 what you're doing so these guys read
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00482-00132225-00132428 this stuff you know is there only people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00483-00132429-00132587 to read my research or probably people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00484-00132588-00132761 who are locked up a lot of time on your
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00485-00132762-00132872 hand if you're if you're in the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00486-00132873-00133169 penitentiary and they got to access the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00487-00133170-00133330 Internet
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00488-00133331-00133745 you know they say this is a stupid crime
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00489-00133746-00133931 you know hey Doc why do these people do
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00490-00133932-00134072 this they're not even going for the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00491-00134073-00134246 money I say so clue is something else is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00492-00134247-00134534 going on here the thing that's not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00493-00134535-00134720 reflected here but you'll see it maybe a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00494-00134721-00134984 little bit elsewhere is these are almost
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00495-00134985-00135134 always crimes where you don't know your
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00496-00135135-00135620 victim so if we think of hate you think
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00497-00135621-00136040 of passion right so a lot of homicide
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00498-00136041-00136223 cases that I've I've been involved in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00499-00136224-00136421 work with people in over the years their
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00500-00136422-00136661 crimes of passion where you're acting
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00501-00136662-00136805 out against somebody that you have a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00502-00136806-00137270 prior relationship with okay that's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00503-00137271-00137471 exactly the contrary here you are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00504-00137472-00137984 finding people you don't know you do not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00505-00137985-00138759 know and it's a culture
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00506-00138760-00139122 that people who were truly the hostile
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00507-00139123-00139548 violent bias identified individuals
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00508-00139549-00139893 enter into so one of my colleagues with
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00509-00139894-00140199 LAPD shared with us with me and this is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00510-00140200-00140412 hard to notice see but here's the thing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00511-00140413-00140793 that's intriguing in California there
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00512-00140794-00141329 are about 50 actually more 50 specific
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00513-00141330-00141822 tattoo icons that if you are part of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00514-00141823-00142122 lifestyle you will look at something
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00515-00142123-00142374 maybe the image of the woman or of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00516-00142375-00142840 skull and the centerpiece that will say
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00517-00142841-00143133 I'm a member of something like we call
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00518-00143134-00143906 the peckerwood gang or Aryan Nation or
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00519-00143907-00144393 the so tell gang and they are they're
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00520-00144394-00144578 communicating they're communicating then
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00521-00144579-00144918 the imagery that will be found that we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00522-00144919-00145239 we won't know what that's about and that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00523-00145240-00145623 when these are darkened in it's a symbol
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00524-00145624-00146102 to say one I'm a member of the gang to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00525-00146103-00146390 as they're darken in I am I have done
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00526-00146391-00146682 more violent offenses so when you see
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00527-00146683-00146871 somebody that not only has the symbol
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00528-00146872-00147053 but it's darkened in its to say well
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00529-00147054-00147657 I've probably done a homicide so you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00530-00147658-00147861 know they live in their own world of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00531-00147862-00148101 communicating this idea of violence that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00532-00148102-00148506 we on the outside the normies just kind
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00533-00148507-00148991 of sort of get now I'll go through this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00534-00148992-00149129 pretty quickly because I want to be sure
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00535-00149130-00149268 we have time to kind of look at some of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00536-00149269-00149571 the other questions here it's not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00537-00149572-00149816 getting in someone's head it's not mind
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00538-00149817-00150278 reading articulated hate ideology these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00539-00150279-00150438 offenders will tell you they have an
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00540-00150439-00150636 ideological motivation they will
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00541-00150637-00150819 associate with other people just like in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00542-00150820-00150991 the the image I just showed you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00543-00150992-00151316 members of gangs members of groups some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00544-00151317-00151481 of these people even work and do crimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00545-00151482-00151973 repeatedly hate crimes in pairs okay the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00546-00151974-00152189 weakest of these I personally believe is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00547-00152190-00152336 the idea of hate speech during the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00548-00152337-00152453 commission of the offense it was the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00549-00152454-00152819 presence of hate language is often found
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00550-00152820-00152990 but in and of itself I think of as kind
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00551-00152991-00153272 of weak the use of hate symbols and then
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00552-00153273-00153434 you know simply this prior behavior
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00553-00153435-00153635 predicting future behavior yeah we have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00554-00153636-00153938 repeat hate crime offenders these are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00555-00153939-00154232 not that hard to see literally and hard
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00556-00154233-00154649 to identify and you know kind of gets
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00557-00154650-00154865 into the idea of who and what are these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00558-00154866-00155075 people and in the course of just the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00559-00155076-00155231 work I've done and again going through
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00560-00155232-00155495 these crime reports your two-year and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00561-00155496-00155627 following up and looking at the criminal
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00562-00155628-00155948 histories of hate crime offenders it's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00563-00155949-00156140 had me kind of do a little bit more of a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00564-00156141-00156272 break out of like well what are these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00565-00156273-00156425 things call the motivation and what are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00566-00156426-00156542 the things we should be worried about
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00567-00156543-00156842 and I'll talk about these in a second
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00568-00156843-00157084 but let me step back and say if I'm at a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00569-00157085-00157409 university I'll tell you what you would
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00570-00157410-00157802 be concerned about is one any kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00571-00157803-00158129 repeat activity by an individual that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00572-00158130-00158431 shows some bias or prejudice that is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00573-00158432-00158825 activated the student who's been called
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00574-00158826-00159167 in again for some kind of taunting of an
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00575-00159168-00159506 international student where it has
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00576-00159507-00159896 recurred or number two where it
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00577-00159897-00160418 diversifies so it was last year I was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00578-00160419-00160745 harassing a woman on the soccer team and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00579-00160746-00160979 this year I'm harassing in Taiwan EU
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00580-00160980-00161192 student that's where I would say the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00581-00161193-00161378 light should be going off because it's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00582-00161379-00161618 saying to you there is a course of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00583-00161619-00161966 activation that makes that person more
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00584-00161967-00162053 problem
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00585-00162054-00162351 okay my argument for being in a school
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00586-00162352-00162699 University environment is hate incidents
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00587-00162700-00163053 which are not per se crimes are going to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00588-00163054-00163227 predict ultimately the risk of a hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00589-00163228-00163737 crime correct okay so I wouldn't want
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00590-00163738-00163890 you to think well what if we don't have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00591-00163891-00164058 people carrying weapons and shooting at
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00592-00164059-00164205 each other and stabbing each other and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00593-00164206-00164403 campus I'd say oh well I hope not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00594-00164404-00164630 because that's not what you're here for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00595-00164631-00165090 but additionally think of it this way
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00596-00165091-00165480 you are looking at young adults who in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00597-00165481-00165965 some cases are going to act out in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00598-00165966-00166170 disinhibited ways because of the use of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00599-00166171-00166401 alcohol controlled substances on one
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00600-00166402-00166746 hand and then on the other hand are at a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00601-00166747-00167082 very ripe age for and if any of you do
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00602-00167083-00167367 like mental health work initial
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00603-00167368-00167667 psychiatric breaks right so guess what
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00604-00167668-00167928 in my clinical work people who are more
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00605-00167929-00168228 likely to show hostility towards racial
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00606-00168229-00168428 differences often show things such as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00607-00168429-00168918 alcohol abuse hyperactivity bipolar
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00608-00168919-00169095 disorder these are people that are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00609-00169096-00169389 impulse disturbed and it's a warning
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00610-00169390-00169845 sign now if it escalates you see the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00611-00169846-00170040 things I've talked about including some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00612-00170041-00170214 of the idea of targeting people based
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00613-00170215-00170426 upon sexual orientation or gender
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00614-00170427-00170934 bending and also interesting idea and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00615-00170935-00171102 again I think this has some play here
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00616-00171103-00171276 probably in more rural communities not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00617-00171277-00171465 just urban environments is the idea of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00618-00171466-00171909 protecting your community and Donald
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00619-00171910-00172254 Green a poli-sci person out at Columbia
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00620-00172255-00172464 has talked about this idea of when you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00621-00172465-00172929 look at racialized gangs you will see
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00622-00172930-00173142 that they try to keep their community
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00623-00173143-00173316 free of what they see is competing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00624-00173317-00173586 racial groups that could come in now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00625-00173587-00173838 that's an urban phenomena made maybe and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00626-00173839-00174105 many of those kids will say you know we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00627-00174106-00174297 don't hate this family but we're gonna
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00628-00174298-00174540 arson their house because if they get to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00629-00174541-00174753 stay then the kids will follow and now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00630-00174754-00174924 we're competing for the same drug trade
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00631-00174925-00175151 very common theme you'll see with gangs
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00632-00175152-00175389 what I could expect here you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00633-00175390-00175728 see people probably driving from rural
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00634-00175729-00176108 parts of the state frankly to Burlington
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00635-00176109-00176949 to target non-us or non Vermonters as a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00636-00176950-00177162 way of driving folks out in Los Angeles
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00637-00177163-00177429 what do we see somebody will drive for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00638-00177430-00177726 maybe 75 to 90 minutes to go find a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00639-00177727-00177945 target of someone that they've never met
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00640-00177946-00178112 before
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00641-00178113-00178512 and the real point I'd like to make is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00642-00178513-00178887 really this is it's kind of like your
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00643-00178888-00179361 house cat okay there is sort of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00644-00179362-00179553 differences of kinds of aggression so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00645-00179554-00179805 the cat over here is like eyes are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00646-00179806-00180123 focused ears are back bodies and control
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00647-00180124-00180360 looking at its target over here this is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00648-00180361-00180602 the kind of hyper aroused out-of-control
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00649-00180603-00181265 aggressive response the hate crime
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00650-00181266-00181568 offender usually shows this kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00651-00181569-00182010 premeditation planning and to put it
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00652-00182011-00182268 another way why you will then drive or
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00653-00182269-00182544 go out of your own community and when
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00654-00182545-00182850 people are more bias-motivated they go
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00655-00182851-00183108 further from where they live and they
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00656-00183109-00183453 become more violent in the course of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00657-00183454-00183621 committing the crime against somebody
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00658-00183622-00183942 that they've never met before so again a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00659-00183943-00184119 lot of our ideas of you're doing this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00660-00184120-00184305 for money this is a crime of passion
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00661-00184306-00184569 it's about a relationship that's gone
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00662-00184570-00184830 wrong is just not supportive when you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00663-00184831-00184983 really look closely at the people who
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00664-00184984-00185351 were doing the crimes in our communities
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00665-00185352-00185562 now I'll go through this kind of quickly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00666-00185563-00185784 but if I were to really kind of try and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00667-00185785-00186045 think about this more so I'd say we've
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00668-00186046-00186249 got people that are hate aroused and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00669-00186250-00186423 then people that have sort of like an
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00670-00186424-00186572 expression of some kind of a hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00671-00186573-00187062 ideology right and if you kind of think
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00672-00187063-00187467 of the balance of these two things it
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00673-00187468-00187629 least gives me a way to kind of think
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00674-00187630-00187869 about some of the motivational
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00675-00187870-00187980 differences and I'll go through this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00676-00187981-00188100 quickly because then we get on to some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00677-00188101-00188147 other
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00678-00188148-00188453 you know for one we've got some people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00679-00188454-00188776 label us a fancy word the highly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00680-00188777-00189161 emotional bigot the person who is highly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00681-00189162-00189541 arousal and may have a very absent sense
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00682-00189542-00189761 of any real ideology or motivation these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00683-00189762-00189944 are just the explosive personalities
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00684-00189945-00190133 when we see at large but in this case
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00685-00190134-00190445 what they are targeted by is any one of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00686-00190446-00190649 a group that they feel then is going to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00687-00190650-00191072 dis inhibit them I'll jump over these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00688-00191073-00191276 guys for a moment they hate extremists
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00689-00191277-00191490 is the person who is both highly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00690-00191491-00191702 ideologically motivated and highly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00691-00191703-00191981 arousal these are the people that you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00692-00191982-00192119 would expect to be like really
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00693-00192120-00192449 particularly dangerous but then we also
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00694-00192450-00192647 consider these folks to be extremely
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00695-00192648-00192884 dangerous which is again like our like a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00696-00192885-00193313 housecat low arousal very low stress
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00697-00193314-00193625 response high intention and ideology now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00698-00193626-00193816 you know what interestingly we also have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00699-00193817-00194240 people the biased follower who really
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00700-00194241-00194489 aren't particularly anything except that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00701-00194490-00194672 this is their social group that they
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00702-00194673-00195044 belong to and as I was saying to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00703-00195045-00195350 Sherwood earlier years ago I had the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00704-00195351-00195521 opportunity if you want to call it that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00705-00195522-00195638 to talk to some people who had
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00706-00195639-00195827 participated in lynching activity in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00707-00195828-00196097 this country and it was interesting to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00708-00196098-00196295 hear the commentary of like it was like
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00709-00196296-00196574 going to a football rally so that for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00710-00196575-00196934 them they just kind of they went along
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00711-00196935-00197237 and you will see people that just kind
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00712-00197238-00197561 of got along and went along in doing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00713-00197562-00197714 something that maybe they knew was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00714-00197715-00198438 really kind of a bad idea so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00715-00198439-00198757 hate behavior explosive personality the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00716-00198758-00199081 bigot the extremist ideologically driven
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00717-00199082-00199372 will engage in both reactive meeting
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00718-00199373-00199585 sort of spontaneous as well as symbolic
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00719-00199586-00199891 violence the planful terrorist now if
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00720-00199892-00200194 you think of this as domestic terrorism
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00721-00200195-00200374 this is kind of like the McVeigh
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00722-00200375-00200590 characters who blow up the buildings you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00723-00200591-00200758 know they have an ideological plan but
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00724-00200759-00200926 they're very systematic and organized
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00725-00200927-00201177 and then we have the folks down here
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00726-00201178-00201589 okay if you want to read a really
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00727-00201590-00201874 compelling book on this sort of issue I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00728-00201875-00202084 would recommend a book called the racist
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00729-00202085-00202483 mind by Raphael Ezekiel and Rafe wrote a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00730-00202484-00202666 book and it's it's without statistics
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00731-00202667-00202846 and it's not about research it's rather
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00732-00202847-00203044 rapes accounting of what he over the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00733-00203045-00203353 course of several years found by going
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00734-00203354-00203512 to members of the Ku Klux Klan in the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00735-00203513-00203734 south and neo-nazi groups in the Midwest
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00736-00203735-00204111 to say hi I'm a Jew psychologist liberal
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00737-00204112-00204346 University of Michigan Ann Arbor based
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00738-00204347-00204499 psychologist and I'm really interested
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00739-00204500-00204685 to hear what's going on in your head and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00740-00204686-00205071 he talked about the frequent biased
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00741-00205073-00205239 follower the people that just simply
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00742-00205240-00205419 went along because they didn't have any
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00743-00205421-00205810 other identity to be a part of okay and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00744-00205811-00206067 when I use this idea you know if some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00745-00206069-00206230 things kind of shake out a little bit so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00746-00206231-00206404 when I looked at actually what the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00747-00206405-00206701 crimes that people committed were the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00748-00206702-00206865 bigots the people the kind of or both
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00749-00206866-00207154 you know lower high on arousal and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00750-00207155-00207409 ideology indeed did very unplanned hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00751-00207410-00207631 crimes we're more likely to do the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00752-00207632-00207912 crimes near to their home the followers
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00753-00207913-00208113 are more likely to do the graffiti and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00754-00208114-00208351 vandalism crimes the non sort of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00755-00208352-00208519 in-your-face crimes which again make
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00756-00208519-00208788 them kind of unusual we're more likely
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00757-00208789-00208962 to do basically anti-semitic
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00758-00208963-00209254 crimes which in many many cases are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00759-00209255-00209496 simply again graffiti crimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00760-00209496-00209764 we're also less likely to do you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00761-00209765-00209956 actually get into physical aggression
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00762-00209957-00210358 against the person by comparison to hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00763-00210359-00210613 extremists were more likely to do crimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00764-00210614-00210802 assault with a deadly weapon physical
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00765-00210803-00211063 assaults were more likely to threaten
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00766-00211064-00211285 using language and we're more likely to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00767-00211286-00211453 go further away from their home
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00768-00211454-00211623 community in this case like 25 plus
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00769-00211625-00211848 miles to commit the hate crime and again
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00770-00211850-00212029 against people who they did not know and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00771-00212030-00212335 then are sort of like low aroused highly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00772-00212336-00212557 ideological we're more likely to do the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00773-00212558-00212773 anti-semitic crimes and more likely do
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00774-00212773-00213154 clearly goal-directed crimes so yeah we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00775-00213155-00213294 kind of look at some of these things and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00776-00213296-00213446 say here are some of the patterns that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00777-00213448-00214375 we're dealing with now another thing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00778-00214376-00214842 would you think that if hate activity is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00779-00214844-00215158 found in our society and again hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00780-00215159-00215494 crimes have been around since 1992 as a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00781-00215494-00215838 legal entity as a construct
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00782-00215839-00216052 anybody who's a student of history knows
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00783-00216053-00216307 that hate violence intergroup violence
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00784-00216308-00216655 goes back millennia so we have a very
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00785-00216656-00217084 recent effort to kind of codify and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00786-00217085-00217225 identify what this is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00787-00217226-00217408 wouldn't you kind of think that this has
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00788-00217409-00217690 a likelihood to occur throughout
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00789-00217691-00217957 different social and cultural regions
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00790-00217958-00218235 across time and so forth the question
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00791-00218236-00218383 that I put to you kind of if you see
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00792-00218384-00218782 that as plausible is shouldn't we see
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00793-00218783-00218971 kind of the same kind of phenomena
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00794-00218971-00219292 reported by law enforcement at least at
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00795-00219292-00219508 this country at a state level and the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00796-00219509-00219778 point becomes kind of simple that and I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00797-00219779-00219934 like to think of it in terms of if
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00798-00219935-00220059 you've never seen this you should really
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00799-00220060-00220371 look at it Ken Burns's documentary from
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00800-00220373-00220671 the 1990s on the civil war and it almost
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00801-00220673-00220923 the very end of hours and hours of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00802-00220925-00221239 discussion of the civil war Byrnes turns
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00803-00221240-00221428 to Columbia University professor Barbara
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00804-00221429-00221644 fields where she basically looks at the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00805-00221644-00221871 Cameron says the civil war still ongoing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00806-00221871-00222178 the question is who's gonna win you know
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00807-00222179-00222496 I'm Kara phrasing I would take that and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00808-00222496-00222801 say when you look at how law enforcement
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00809-00222802-00223246 reports hate crimes the Civil War has
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00810-00223246-00223534 continued to this day because if you ask
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00811-00223535-00223753 a very simple question if year after
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00812-00223754-00224046 year the likelihood of reporting a hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00813-00224048-00224209 crime is considered in terms of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00814-00224210-00224394 alignment of the states during the Civil
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00815-00224396-00224646 War you'll see a substantial difference
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00816-00224648-00224923 almost a three to one ratio difference
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00817-00224923-00225157 of the Union versus the Confederate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00818-00225158-00225292 states with the N Alliance states
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00819-00225292-00225448 falling sort of in the middle
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00820-00225450-00226148 range and so let's see here we go here's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00821-00226148-00226417 the ratio from my state here is the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00822-00226419-00226742 ratio for your state here you're looking
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00823-00226742-00226976 at the frequency of the states of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00824-00226977-00227398 union here you're looking at the ratio
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00825-00227400-00227909 for the states of the south and here
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00826-00227910-00228217 you're looking at the inline states I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00827-00228217-00228440 used to work in the white state Senate I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00828-00228441-00228602 used to be a legislative analyst okay
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00829-00228603-00228917 and we had a heck of a time in fact it
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00830-00228917-00229079 never happened I was working there of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00831-00229080-00229429 getting a hate crime statute passed and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00832-00229430-00229811 the prejudice in the state was well
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00833-00229812-00230023 you're gonna start picking up all these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00834-00230025-00230246 kids who were robbing truus and it's bad
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00835-00230246-00230569 for business and it took us to people in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00836-00230571-00230861 the state government a long time to get
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00837-00230862-00231164 a state hate crime statute passed about
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00838-00231165-00231371 2002 somebody in Maine actually
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00839-00231371-00231542 introduced a piece of legislation seeing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00840-00231542-00231871 the motorcycle gang members should be a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00841-00231873-00232025 protected class under the hate crime law
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00842-00232026-00232198 so this gets kind of crazy sometimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00843-00232200-00232592 they'll be the first to admit it but we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00844-00232592-00232796 find that the sort of the War of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00845-00232796-00232964 country has continued in how we talk
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00846-00232965-00233344 about hate violence and here this is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00847-00233346-00233501 from the Southern Poverty Law Center
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00848-00233502-00233569 SPLC
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00849-00233571-00233956 of then also looking at the presence of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00850-00233957-00234410 hate groups ok so again as the number
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00851-00234411-00234590 goes up you're literally seeing a body
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00852-00234591-00234815 count you know to be fair California may
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00853-00234816-00235123 have a larger population than let's say
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00854-00235123-00235342 wherever it is here Rhode Island for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00855-00235344-00236007 example but here is the Union
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00856-00236008-00236621 here's the Confederacy here's the Union
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00857-00236621-00236959 here's the Confederacy here's the end
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00858-00236960-00237551 line
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00859-00237552-00237788 so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00860-00237789-00238010 if you look at just who's reporting
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00861-00238011-00238214 these crimes we get into the question of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00862-00238215-00238580 saying one there may be differences just
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00863-00238581-00238703 because of the nature of how law
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00864-00238704-00238940 enforcement at a state level views the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00865-00238941-00239438 legitimacy of these of these laws now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00866-00239439-00239654 okay let's look at another kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00867-00239655-00239807 challenging issue here so when you walk
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00868-00239808-00239944 out of here today if you wanted to talk
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00869-00239946-00240092 to somebody about what we're just
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00870-00240092-00240469 discussing is hate crimes and domestic
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00871-00240471-00240953 terrorism are these different things so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00872-00240954-00241205 let's consider two relatively recent and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00873-00241206-00241802 notorious cases so here we have Dylan
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00874-00241803-00242216 Ruth Charleston goes into historic black
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00875-00242217-00242480 church interesting Lee spends several
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00876-00242481-00242741 hours conversing with this elderly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00877-00242742-00242951 population before he opens fire in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00878-00242952-00243410 murder several over Sayed Farook who got
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00879-00243411-00243626 maybe 50 miles from where I live
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00880-00243627-00243992 works in a state agency goes to a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00881-00243992-00244196 Christmas party
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00882-00244196-00244496 two hours later comes back and uses
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00883-00244496-00244873 semiautomatic weapons murders many of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00884-00244875-00245232 his coworkers
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00885-00245233-00245637 planned and organized radicalized by his
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00886-00245638-00246111 father substantially he hoped his attack
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00887-00246112-00246387 would agitate race relations and awaken
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00888-00246388-00246558 white Americans to the notion that they
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00889-00246559-00246779 are second-class citizens
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00890-00246780-00247029 inspired by terrorist organized and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00891-00247030-00247217 planned at least for a year radical
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00892-00247219-00247446 ation possible through internet possibly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00893-00247446-00247713 through his wife didn't think Muslims
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00894-00247714-00248003 should have to attend a non Muslim event
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00895-00248004-00248181 didn't leave any kind of written
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00896-00248182-00248321 documentation at least it's been
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00897-00248323-00248625 reported at this point so again this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00898-00248626-00248992 sort of like premeditated offense now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00899-00248994-00249246 here we go if I we might have heard of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00900-00249246-00249719 named James Comey said that the San
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00901-00249721-00249936 Bernardino case was it was one of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00902-00249937-00250512 domestic terrorism perpetrated by
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00903-00250513-00251310 homegrown violent extremists but when he
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00904-00251311-00251502 was asked about Dylan roof he said you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00905-00251503-00251853 know I don't see it as a political act I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00906-00251854-00252066 don't see it as a form of hate violence
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00907-00252067-00252600 now roof was tried under the federal
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00908-00252601-00252915 hate crime statute thank goodness but
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00909-00252916-00253187 are these really really different
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00910-00253188-00253827 Loretta Lynch DOJ running DOJ at the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00911-00253828-00254167 time says of course that they are both
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00912-00254169-00254721 forms of terrorism okay so you know
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00913-00254721-00254889 sometimes our laws get in the way of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00914-00254890-00255261 common sense and sometimes our laws get
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00915-00255262-00255546 in the way in which oh by the way this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00916-00255546-00255738 is just kind of for fun so here is one
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00917-00255739-00255973 of these Grand Wizard guides and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00918-00255975-00256251 he was murdered by his own family must
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00919-00256252-00256779 have been a really lovely guy are these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00920-00256780-00257605 different okay deaths and incidents
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00921-00257606-00258237 al-qaeda right-wing extremists
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00922-00258238-00258471 so you can see we're facing a lot of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00923-00258471-00258789 homegrown violence that is absent really
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00924-00258790-00259019 any kind of international influence
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00925-00259021-00259536 really of any sort whatsoever so point
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00926-00259537-00259694 of reference to things that make our
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00927-00259696-00259871 country kind of different around this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00928-00259873-00260337 issue to keep in mind for one our use of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00929-00260338-00260556 hate speech in a public arena is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00930-00260557-00260742 protected under the First Amendment at
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00931-00260742-00261027 this point in time if you were to go to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00932-00261028-00261369 many other industrialized countries
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00933-00261369-00261600 first world countries that would be
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00934-00261601-00261846 treated as an incitement to violence and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00935-00261846-00262050 you would be potentially prosecuted and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00936-00262051-00262329 car serated so I've worked with the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00937-00262330-00262521 European Union on these issues around
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00938-00262522-00262680 hate crimes and they say it's really
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00939-00262681-00262824 interesting because we call these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00940-00262825-00263049 offenses that you call the whites due to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00941-00263050-00263355 free speech number two they don't have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00942-00263356-00263514 the term domestic terrorism they say
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00943-00263515-00263574 it's terrorism
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00944-00263575-00263856 so trying to kind of parse this out as a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00945-00263857-00264039 domestic international they just say we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00946-00264040-00264174 don't even know why you're bothering to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00947-00264175-00264522 do that my comment back is well the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00948-00264523-00264669 thing that makes this all intriguing is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00949-00264670-00264948 if you look at the budgetary allocation
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00950-00264949-00265113 to deal with hate crimes versus
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00951-00265114-00265359 terrorism in this country it is a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00952-00265360-00265578 dramatic difference of where our money
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00953-00265579-00265818 goes so our money is really directed
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00954-00265819-00266085 towards terrorism the low frequency
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00955-00266086-00266307 infractions whereas the high frequency
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00956-00266308-00266499 infractions of hate crimes we spend a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00957-00266500-00266962 lot less
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00958-00266963-00267442 now about three days after the election
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00959-00267443-00267706 my publisher said hey when I write a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00960-00267707-00268099 book on hate crimes as they relate to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00961-00268100-00268370 what happened in the presidential
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00962-00268371-00268584 elections it gives me something to do
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00963-00268585-00268984 I'll take a look at it I called with the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00964-00268985-00269264 cultural Cataclysm and a wonderful film
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00965-00269265-00269516 documentarian Arthur dong said you want
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00966-00269517-00269758 to talk about the losers so this is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00967-00269759-00269881 basically I'm going to talk about the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00968-00269882-00270100 experience of people that are supporting
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00969-00270101-00270355 diversity supporting a liberal
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00970-00270356-00270604 democratic tradition supporting the idea
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00971-00270605-00270869 of free speech and their advocates
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00972-00270870-00271214 largely to things such as this whole
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00973-00271215-00271450 notion of dealing with hate violence in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00974-00271451-00271649 our society and I'd say what we're
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00975-00271650-00271854 looking at
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00976-00271855-00272123 minimally are three kind of challenge
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00977-00272124-00272407 points of one that if you look at the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00978-00272408-00272816 election proper we saw the infusion much
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00979-00272817-00273028 more explicitly than we had before of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00980-00273029-00273274 hate rhetoric into political discourse
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00981-00273275-00273559 for a number two something which I don't
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00982-00273560-00273700 know if I should say I'm gratified but
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00983-00273701-00273931 I'm seeing more and more being utilizes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00984-00273932-00274204 the Noach notion of the cultural wars
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00985-00274205-00274495 argument that the election was now a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00986-00274496-00274895 choosing of cultural traditions where
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00987-00274896-00275066 there was then thirdly the idea of a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00988-00275067-00275423 winner loser policy of governance if you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00989-00275424-00275720 lost you not just simply have lost we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00990-00275721-00275983 are now in a place to challenge you now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00991-00275984-00276140 here we get into some interesting things
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00992-00276141-00276266 I'm gonna go through this quickly and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00993-00276267-00276421 I'll try not to make this too
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00994-00276422-00276664 complicated
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00995-00276665-00276949 Trump carried States versus Clinton
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00996-00276950-00277410 carried States okay reported hate crimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00997-00277411-00277654 twice as likely in the Clinton carried
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00998-00277655-00278022 States versus the Trump carried States
iaBv_xRU2rQ-00999-00278023-00278277 somewhat less likely than the Trump
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01000-00278278-00278445 states to have identified hate groups
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01001-00278446-00278829 within the state now these are the two
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01002-00278830-00279096 interesting pieces for me after the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01003-00279097-00279500 election the likelihood of reported hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01004-00279501-00279833 to be in the first month this is the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01005-00279834-00280098 first month after the election self
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01006-00280099-00280459 reported was twice as likely in the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01007-00280460-00280704 Clinton carried states as in the trump
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01008-00280705-00281175 carried states now this is a little bit
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01009-00281176-00281309 like saying what I talked to you about
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01010-00281310-00281510 with respect to the civil war in some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01011-00281511-00281807 ways the states that appeared to be more
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01012-00281808-00282048 supportive of a traditional liberal
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01013-00282049-00282453 democratic process our states in which
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01014-00282454-00282723 the citizenry said I am much more likely
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01015-00282724-00282927 to want to tell you that have been the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01016-00282928-00283089 target of some kind of hate activity in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01017-00283090-00283368 the first month meaning up until pretty
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01018-00283369-00283646 much the middle of like Christmastime in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01019-00283647-00283956 2016 so if I'm living in a community
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01020-00283957-00284196 where I feel more likely to be listened
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01021-00284197-00284360 to I'm more likely to be telling now who
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01022-00284361-00284478 do they tell they told the Southern
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01023-00284479-00284742 Poverty Law Center that a 24/7 Internet
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01024-00284743-00284979 live phone line documenting these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01025-00284980-00285228 incidents and they found this kind of a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01026-00285229-00285500 break out but I also like to come back
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01027-00285501-00285801 to something that is really dramatic and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01028-00285802-00285990 terribly telling about like sort of a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01029-00285991-00286326 deep cultural issue in our country and I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01030-00286327-00286503 kind of now will back into this on two
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01031-00286504-00286692 different levels and that is the idea of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01032-00286693-00286934 black lynching activity from 1880 to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01033-00286935-00287295 1968 the Clinton states had on the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01034-00287296-00287619 average six reported over an 80 year
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01035-00287620-00288027 period of documented lynchings that had
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01036-00288028-00288198 occurred according to the Tuskegee
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01037-00288199-00288383 Institute which is the place that has
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01038-00288384-00288696 documented researched laborious Lee for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01039-00288697-00289089 years violent homicidal lynching
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01040-00289090-00289302 activity against blacks the Trump states
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01041-00289303-00289880 had on the average 110 cases so let me
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01042-00289881-00290049 put the idea of something that is going
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01043-00290050-00290622 on 80 90 years ago and its relationship
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01044-00290623-00291050 to a current idea of democracy and of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01045-00291051-00291484 violence this was also the one real
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01046-00291485-00291716 predictor when I looked at things such
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01047-00291717-00292067 as the presence of Lights the percentage
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01048-00292068-00292378 of voting for Republican candidates the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01049-00292379-00292688 change in economics over the last 15
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01050-00292689-00292787 years in this country
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01051-00292788-00293054 none of those predicted the under
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01052-00293055-00293228 reportage of hate crimes state-by-state
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01053-00293229-00293450 it was rather the frequency of black
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01054-00293451-00293621 lynching activity occurred up until
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01055-00293622-00293786 approximately 1970
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01056-00293787-00293990 this was also again a dramatic
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01057-00293991-00294143 difference we found between the states
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01058-00294144-00294329 that were carried by Trump versus
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01059-00294330-00294686 Clinton which to me is kind of chilling
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01060-00294687-00294872 and kind of really telling about some of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01061-00294873-00295787 what we are intriguing just to kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01062-00295788-00295901 give you something else to think about
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01063-00295902-00296249 what is happening is also to see
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01064-00296250-00296666 economic disparity of changes in family
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01065-00296667-00296906 median income and the long and the short
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01066-00296907-00297164 of it is what these differences will
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01067-00297165-00297515 show is that since about 2000 the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01068-00297516-00297776 Clinton states tended to show a greater
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01069-00297777-00298175 level of economic vitality at the median
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01070-00298176-00298469 family income level versus this Trump
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01071-00298470-00298702 states which showed a greater decline
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01072-00298703-00299000 every five years according to census
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01073-00299001-00299438 data these are the is comparison with
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01074-00299439-00299576 the Clinton States the Clinton states
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01075-00299577-00299789 were more economically stable the Trump
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01076-00299790-00299951 states were showing greater economic
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01077-00299952-00300188 decline again the black lynchings the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01078-00300189-00300404 under reportage of hate crimes the over
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01079-00300405-00300767 reportage of hate groups and the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01080-00300768-00300950 substantially lower number of courted
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01081-00300951-00301301 hate incidents so we're kind of seeing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01082-00301302-00301574 this kind of a cleavage in just how then
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01083-00301575-00301865 we viewed and approached the idea of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01084-00301866-00302195 election and if you look at the idea of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01085-00302196-00302372 like hate crimes and how they are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01086-00302373-00302579 related to what happened in the election
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01087-00302580-00302987 you can again see this more than two
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01088-00302988-00303209 fold more likelihood of hate crimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01089-00303210-00303323 being reported in the states that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01090-00303324-00303637 Clinton carried
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01091-00303638-00303924 and when we look at since the election
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01092-00303925-00304117 when we look at reported hate crimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01093-00304118-00304377 again we see that the union states I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01094-00304378-00304572 would argue here the places people feel
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01095-00304573-00304744 more empowered were more likely to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01096-00304745-00304974 report interestingly here this flipped
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01097-00304975-00305208 Confederate versus non-aligned and the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01098-00305209-00305384 non-aligned are really kind of a whole
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01099-00305385-00305907 mix so again just like I kind of showed
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01100-00305908-00306067 you before you're seeing you know the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01101-00306068-00306252 representation of reported hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01102-00306253-00306582 incidents targeting the individual since
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01103-00306583-00307607 the election again state-by-state now so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01104-00307608-00307837 I'm gonna shift and just take a few
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01105-00307838-00307998 minutes and talk about what I think is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01106-00307999-00308146 one of the bigger dilemmas that again
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01107-00308147-00308446 I've been doing a series of surveys on
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01108-00308447-00308601 Survey Monkey and following up with
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01109-00308602-00308818 people and also responding to some hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01110-00308819-00309348 crime cases that was related to the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01111-00309349-00309531 election so where the election now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01112-00309532-00309919 becomes a motivating factor for some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01113-00309920-00310240 people to perpetrate forms of hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01114-00310241-00310438 aggression against each other this is my
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01115-00310439-00310591 own personal example which happened
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01116-00310592-00310816 essentially about 6 o'clock in the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01117-00310817-00310977 morning the next day whereas coming out
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01118-00310978-00311143 of a yoga class and a guy who used to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01119-00311144-00311314 work in a missile silo was saying how he
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01120-00311315-00311571 couldn't vote for Hillary and I said
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01121-00311572-00311733 back how could you as an ex Air Force
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01122-00311734-00311883 guy supports somebody who thinks
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01123-00311884-00312037 Vladimir Putin's a great guy and his
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01124-00312038-00312231 basic comment to me was well he thinks
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01125-00312232-00312398 is a great guy for Russia
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01126-00312399-00312609 you know I'm thinking man here we go
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01127-00312610-00313032 here we go ok so these are the you know
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01128-00313033-00313179 the questions I could put to you if we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01129-00313180-00313353 were doing this more is really taking a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01130-00313354-00313884 time on it you know has it impacted you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01131-00313885-00314065 in the relationships you have in our
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01132-00314066-00314338 country personally how's it affecting
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01133-00314339-00314491 your work going forward you know these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01134-00314492-00314590 are some of the questions I've been
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01135-00314591-00314994 asking folks and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01136-00314995-00315487 here we go within one month what were we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01137-00315488-00315729 seeing we were seeing that people that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01138-00315730-00315949 were supportive of Clinton reported a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01139-00315950-00316248 lot more arguments with their co-workers
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01140-00316249-00316450 really intriguing you know we're now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01141-00316451-00316632 living in an age where a good way to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01142-00316633-00316792 know about our relationships with people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01143-00316793-00316993 interculturally and in our relationships
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01144-00316994-00317326 is how many people did you lose through
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01145-00317327-00317706 Facebook out of the election you know
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01146-00317707-00317827 and I have people coming in and saying
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01147-00317828-00318027 I'm not going back to Ohio anymore
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01148-00318028-00318169 because you know and I'm getting rid of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01149-00318170-00318352 my brother off of my Facebook feed and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01150-00318353-00318877 you know hearing this kind of what did
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01151-00318878-00319134 people associate and again these are as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01152-00319135-00319369 our third on would put at the losers how
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01153-00319370-00319570 did the losers look at this the most
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01154-00319571-00319897 primary reported Association people had
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01155-00319898-00320263 right after was to 9/11 and this is a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01156-00320264-00320488 sample of three so about one-third of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01157-00320489-00320805 people reported their primary
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01158-00320806-00321097 association of the loss of Clinton was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01159-00321098-00321550 to the terrorist attack then also some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01160-00321551-00321712 to prior presidential and then
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01161-00321713-00321960 interestingly about maybe a tenth of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01162-00321961-00322527 people to the death of a loved one so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01163-00322528-00322642 what were some of the things that people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01164-00322643-00322846 reported in the surveys that have done
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01165-00322847-00323215 you know are things such as economic
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01166-00323216-00323575 risk health care issues mental health
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01167-00323576-00323976 risk and then after the inauguration
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01168-00323977-00324238 numbers that stayed pretty comparable
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01169-00324239-00324402 and again here's the Clinton supporters
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01170-00324403-00324810 here are the Johnson Stein Teddy
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01171-00324811-00324997 Roosevelt voters over here you know the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01172-00324998-00325332 people who voted for everybody else and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01173-00325333-00325506 what do I see is the way that this is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01174-00325507-00325648 being activated because you know for me
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01175-00325649-00325809 as a hate crimes research or you know
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01176-00325810-00326109 what I'm looking at is we are seeing the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01177-00326110-00326326 collectivist attribution which is always
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01178-00326327-00326497 you tip-off to stereotype you know the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01179-00326498-00326668 blue states believe this the Hillary
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01180-00326669-00326845 supporters believe this Bernie
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01181-00326846-00327059 supporters believe this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01182-00327060-00327412 amplifying factors be it media be it
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01183-00327413-00327706 alcohol be its social permission giving
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01184-00327707-00327847 and you know to me this is one of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01185-00327848-00328008 great risk we're running right now is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01186-00328009-00328318 the kind of very soft response or the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01187-00328319-00328558 coded response that we're hearing to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01188-00328559-00328798 things such as Charlottesville which
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01189-00328799-00329058 were ice it is I'm thinking I know folks
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01190-00329059-00329266 who are gonna hear that I'm gonna say
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01191-00329267-00329704 see it can't be that bad you know I mean
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01192-00329705-00329905 see here's what I would tell you the way
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01193-00329906-00330084 I look at it this is an opinion but it's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01194-00330085-00330238 an opinion based upon what I've worked
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01195-00330239-00330448 with about ten years ago I did a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01196-00330449-00330783 homicide case where a young man murdered
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01197-00330784-00331105 his peer another young man who was his
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01198-00331106-00331312 neighbor for years the young man who was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01199-00331313-00331597 murdered was an Asian man the young man
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01200-00331598-00331860 who did the offense was a white man
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01201-00331861-00332233 though the the defense for this said
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01202-00332234-00332575 well the offender suffered a nervous and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01203-00332576-00332716 mental disorder which he might have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01204-00332717-00333142 where he only thought it was wrong to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01205-00333143-00333309 murder white people so that was their
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01206-00333310-00333445 defense strategy really kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01207-00333446-00333502 intriguing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01208-00333503-00333703 I know it's morally wrong to kill white
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01209-00333704-00333967 people but folks of color it's okay
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01210-00333968-00334396 and what this fellow said when he was on
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01211-00334397-00334672 the witness stand was killing Asians is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01212-00334673-00334785 something I know my country doesn't
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01213-00334786-00335014 really care about it's okay
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01214-00335015-00335435 and that was part of his presentation I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01215-00335436-00335713 leave it to you but the challenge I see
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01216-00335714-00335944 we're facing is the permission giving of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01217-00335945-00336106 saying well there's some honorable
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01218-00336107-00336513 people in violent alt-right groups
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01219-00336514-00336745 activate something that may be 10 years
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01220-00336746-00336937 ago we said with psychopathology now we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01221-00336938-00337137 say is maybe a culturally based
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01222-00337138-00337537 presumption so you know I think this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01223-00337538-00337750 plays at an extreme level of violence
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01224-00337751-00337912 but also plays again at what is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01225-00337913-00338422 happening to us societally is this loss
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01226-00338423-00338743 of family again you know people who I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01227-00338744-00338875 know there's a lot of students here or
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01228-00338876-00339214 we're not from Vermont do you I go back
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01229-00339215-00339580 to a red state do I relate with my uncle
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01230-00339581-00339822 do I relate with my brother who's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01231-00339823-00340093 espousing these kinds of beliefs do I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01232-00340094-00340387 lose the connectivity through social
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01233-00340388-00340617 am i politically shamed and you know
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01234-00340618-00340813 literally like the Thomas Wolfe novel
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01235-00340814-00341498 you know maybe you cannot go home again
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01236-00341499-00341843 well let's say this really in passing as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01237-00341844-00342439 people are more in opposition to human
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01238-00342440-00342675 rights laws hate crime laws the rights
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01239-00342676-00343047 of women in the workplace the way that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01240-00343048-00343272 they approach this is what we call in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01241-00343273-00343551 French and Raven we call hard tactics
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01242-00343552-00344016 you pay you buy you withhold you coerce
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01243-00344017-00344393 you shame you may use legitimate power
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01244-00344394-00344727 and if you were an advocate for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01245-00344728-00345037 diversity and this is based upon studies
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01246-00345038-00345171 both that I've conducted with my
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01247-00345172-00345501 colleagues in Spain in Sacramento
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01248-00345502-00345852 California and Los Angeles this is a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01249-00345853-00345999 very different approach and the approach
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01250-00346000-00346302 is one of education and information of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01251-00346303-00346440 saying that you have balanced
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01252-00346441-00346612 relationships of saying that you're
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01253-00346613-00346764 doing this based upon your relationship
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01254-00346765-00346899 I'm gonna try and change your attitude
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01255-00346900-00347145 with hate crime laws to support them I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01256-00347146-00347343 do this trying to use knowledge in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01257-00347344-00347544 personal relationships if I'm an
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01258-00347545-00347817 opposition I threaten you I force you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01259-00347818-00348048 and I try to get you to agree with me
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01260-00348049-00348576 out of that sense of control now the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01261-00348577-00348627 dilemma
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01262-00348628-00348831 I think we're facing and we have now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01263-00348832-00349050 these antifascist which are doing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01264-00349051-00349365 violence to is they're now adopting the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01265-00349366-00349617 strategies of the old right the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01266-00349618-00350004 neo-nazis and I find it very seductive
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01267-00350005-00350193 but I also think of it as inherently
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01268-00350194-00350379 really flawed because we're then saying
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01269-00350380-00350667 the way to change public opinion and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01270-00350668-00350895 social attitudes is through threat and I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01271-00350896-00351009 don't think that that holds any
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01272-00351010-00351566 long-term solution to anything
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01273-00351567-00352106 okay so in the last couple of minutes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01274-00352107-00352451 and I love this quote I am the one who
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01275-00352452-00352622 swims against the current or as a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01276-00352623-00352856 contemporary medieval scholar says I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01277-00352857-00353071 will make no bargains with monstrosity
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01278-00353072-00353446 referring to the Trump administration
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01279-00353447-00353684 I'd like to leave you really with just
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01280-00353685-00353916 one sort of thought piece and this is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01281-00353917-00354120 for you to consider in your own
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01282-00354121-00354701 circumstance over the years I have seen
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01283-00354702-00354997 individuals who have endured in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01284-00354998-00355494 situations of oppression and really a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01285-00355495-00355709 wonderful psychiatrist who's now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01286-00355710-00355985 emeritus at Harvard Chester pure says
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01287-00355986-00356132 you know you're being oppressed when
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01288-00356133-00356378 people are controlling your space your
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01289-00356379-00356735 time your energy and your movement he
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01290-00356736-00356951 calls its stem space time energy
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01291-00356952-00357120 movement you know you're being oppressed
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01292-00357121-00357455 when those are being controlled give you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01293-00357456-00357935 some examples when I was going to school
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01294-00357936-00358151 in New Hampshire I had a Russian
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01295-00358152-00358419 professor named Benjamin and long story
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01296-00358420-00358644 kind of made short Ben was a 13th
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01297-00358645-00359098 century Crimean history scholar who was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01298-00359099-00359609 sent to the gulag because his work had
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01299-00359610-00360029 no reflection of Soviet principles of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01300-00360030-00360291 social realism and he spent a couple of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01301-00360292-00360612 years in solitary confinement and I was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01302-00360613-00360785 an undergrad and quite you know kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01303-00360786-00361119 confused about that and I said Ben and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01304-00361120-00361250 this guy looked like he was out of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01305-00361251-00361454 central casting exactly a classic like
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01306-00361455-00361601 you know sort of Central European
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01307-00361602-00361893 academic you know the coat the pipe and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01308-00361894-00362145 the hold role and I said how did you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01309-00362146-00362309 survive you since I learned to meditate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01310-00362310-00362538 and pray that's good Wow
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01311-00362539-00362720 because you would never think he was not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01312-00362721-00362858 like you know he didn't look like the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01313-00362859-00363185 Dalai Lama or anything and he survived
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01314-00363186-00363519 that way and ultimately intriguingly was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01315-00363520-00363714 only released from the Google log when
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01316-00363715-00363891 they realized he was actually a Polish
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01317-00363892-00364205 Jew and the Soviets said you're not even
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01318-00364206-00364416 worth our spending our money on you're
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01319-00364417-00364665 just kicked out of the country but Ben
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01320-00364666-00364824 survived by going and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01321-00364825-00365150 early in finding his own sense of sanity
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01322-00365151-00365508 the white rose this is again something
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01323-00365509-00365694 we seem almost completely forgotten
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01324-00365695-00366054 about at the height of the Second World
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01325-00366055-00366123 War
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01326-00366124-00366639 students in Munich imagine the bravery
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01327-00366640-00366873 of this started with their own printing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01328-00366874-00367158 press to produce leaflets they handed
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01329-00367159-00367398 out in eunuchs saying we are in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01330-00367399-00367725 opposition to the Nazis the Nazis did
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01331-00367726-00367944 not speak for classic German and they
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01332-00367945-00368166 cited literature and culture these are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01333-00368167-00368426 not really Germans good Germans are not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01334-00368427-00368823 these monsters now almost all the White
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01335-00368824-00369129 Rose movement were in a matter of a few
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01336-00369130-00369384 months apprehended and quickly killed
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01337-00369385-00369585 there one or two that escaped there was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01338-00369586-00369729 one that I was alive and living in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01339-00369730-00369915 Portland Oregon is up to about ten years
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01340-00369916-00370197 ago so here we have almost like the idea
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01341-00370198-00370335 of like the Children's Crusade have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01342-00370336-00370538 literally in the belly of the beast
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01343-00370539-00370763 1943-44
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01344-00370764-00371207 advocating publicly against the regime
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01345-00371208-00371427 at the same time in the same city
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01346-00371428-00371640 actually Carl Hartman one of the great
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01347-00371641-00371961 symphonies of the century went into
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01348-00371962-00372174 silence and his response was I will no
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01349-00372175-00372405 longer have my works published I will no
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01350-00372406-00372663 longer have my works performed I will no
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01351-00372664-00372810 longer engage in anything about music
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01352-00372811-00373026 and he just completely went silent and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01353-00373027-00373284 his response was my way of dealing with
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01354-00373285-00373760 monstrosity was simply to no longer be
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01355-00373761-00374253 not too far from here there was a man
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01356-00374254-00374494 named father James Whittaker who was one
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01357-00374495-00374887 of the first generation born American
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01358-00374888-00375234 shakers who prototypical religious hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01359-00375235-00375513 crime was almost beaten to death in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01360-00375514-00375847 Massachusetts and if you know about the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01361-00375848-00375988 shakers the shakers were these people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01362-00375989-00376240 that like wrote like 10,000 American
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01363-00376241-00376417 folk songs not only and make those
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01364-00376418-00376584 groovy looking rocking chairs and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01365-00376585-00376771 spending little baskets they just
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01366-00376772-00376931 everybody wrote songs right because
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01367-00376932-00377133 that's what you got to do it for your
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01368-00377134-00377392 shaker so father James basically starts
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01369-00377393-00377587 to have this beautiful song he writes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01370-00377588-00377746 literally as they're picking him up off
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01371-00377747-00377985 the sidewalk if you will out of the dirt
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01372-00377986-00378190 that is one of the great shaker songs
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01373-00378191-00378412 which is a song of just sort of the idea
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01374-00378413-00378595 of mourning violence being done because
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01375-00378596-00379039 of people's faith there's a man I'll
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01376-00379040-00379288 call John the mad dog he had a really
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01377-00379289-00379479 interesting observation he was a faculty
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01378-00379480-00380109 person and he was teaching maybe history
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01379-00380110-00380365 sociology I forget now during the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01380-00380366-00380668 People's Revolution in China and I knew
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01381-00380669-00380941 him when he was teaching in New York
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01382-00380942-00381222 City years later and he said with some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01383-00381223-00381705 with some shame that I survived by
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01384-00381706-00381922 becoming a Mad Dog and I said well what
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01385-00381923-00382150 is what does that mean he goes I became
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01386-00382151-00382399 more radical than the radicals he says
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01387-00382400-00382704 the only way I found to survive was to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01388-00382705-00383106 espouse more extremist ideas and that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01389-00383107-00383488 way they left you alone that maybe Carl
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01390-00383489-00383685 Hartman silence would have been seen as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01391-00383686-00383974 suspect so he says how did I survive I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01392-00383975-00384204 said things that sounded so extremist
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01393-00384205-00384490 that no one bothered me and again he had
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01394-00384491-00384681 his own feeling about this but for him
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01395-00384682-00384862 that was part of his how do you get
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01396-00384863-00385270 through a time of great challenge
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01397-00385271-00385513 now have you ever heard of who's called
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01398-00385514-00385825 good soldier Schweich isn't my favorites
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01399-00385826-00386098 okay good soldier Schweich was basically
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01400-00386099-00386401 a mythical character that described the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01401-00386402-00386725 resistance of the Czech culture to the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01402-00386726-00386985 hops burg Empire and what the idea was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01403-00386986-00387172 if you were a good check who is being
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01404-00387173-00387403 oppressed by the Austrians everything
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01405-00387404-00387751 you did in your day job you did wrong so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01406-00387752-00387952 if you're supposed to send the parcel to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01407-00387953-00388327 Salzburg you send it to Budapest if
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01408-00388328-00388498 you're supposed to be documenting
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01409-00388499-00388795 something in triplicate you documented
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01410-00388796-00388942 in 30 copies and then you send it at the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01411-00388943-00389116 wrong department so a good soldier swipe
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01412-00389117-00389413 became like a folk hero for the Czechs
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01413-00389414-00389716 of saying you know the way we survive
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01414-00389717-00390079 this militaristic Imperial world is we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01415-00390080-00390340 do everything wrong as a form of passive
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01416-00390341-00390613 resistance and became sort of like this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01417-00390614-00390871 heroic image and the period during the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01418-00390872-00391291 First World War I then argue also at
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01419-00391292-00391414 what I call the ghosts of the machine
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01420-00391415-00391624 and you know Congressman John Lewis who
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01421-00391625-00391785 I once had the opportunity actually
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01422-00391786-00392079 talked to about hate crimes is a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01423-00392080-00392263 wonderful example of somebody who comes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01424-00392264-00392641 from the Selma March through to the day
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01425-00392642-00392812 and was of course the first person who
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01426-00392813-00393006 really called into question the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01427-00393007-00393203 legitimacy of the Trump administration
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01428-00393204-00393456 so we have these people that are like
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01429-00393457-00393727 our survivors and that are advocates
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01430-00393728-00394404 that remain around finally
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01431-00394405-00394633 one of my former students who is very
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01432-00394634-00394884 severely gay-bashed Erin Erin McLaughlin
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01433-00394885-00395104 and who's written about this and you can
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01434-00395105-00395460 find some for writings online thumbnail
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01435-00395461-00395641 representation because Erin could have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01436-00395642-00395851 been you Aaron really could have been
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01437-00395852-00396166 you because similarly she was living in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01438-00396167-00396544 a liberal part of Los Angeles and LGBT
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01439-00396545-00397126 friendly community she know what she was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01440-00397127-00397279 doing is he was a student doing this but
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01441-00397280-00397434 she was walking out of a bar of all
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01442-00397435-00397717 things she's walking out during probably
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01443-00397718-00397977 late afternoon with their girlfriend and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01444-00397978-00398281 she sees a group of young men coming
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01445-00398282-00398473 towards her and her first thought was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01446-00398474-00398623 this is dangerous and then her second
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01447-00398624-00398809 thought was no no I know about diversity
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01448-00398810-00399052 don't stereotype don't think that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01449-00399053-00399163 they're all gonna harm us and of course
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01450-00399164-00399360 then these these boys maybe as many as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01451-00399361-00399667 ten severely beat her and her girlfriend
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01452-00399668-00400114 up her girlfriend's concussed Erin's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01453-00400115-00400369 said to me a year or so later when I got
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01454-00400370-00400549 to know her she says I started to crawl
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01455-00400550-00400720 out on the street so they'd stop kicking
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01456-00400721-00400903 me and beating me and if a car ran me
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01457-00400904-00401227 over at least it's all over and actually
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01458-00401228-00401419 her experience was somebody slowed down
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01459-00401420-00401590 and said what are they doing to you and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01460-00401591-00401814 then they saw an ad drove off
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01461-00401815-00402205 so Erin's experience was that she became
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01462-00402206-00402592 an advocate and we have trained now 20
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01463-00402593-00402892 years now around these issues of hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01464-00402893-00403147 violence and intriguingly for her just
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01465-00403148-00403291 to give you again the complexity of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01466-00403292-00403515 these things is why law enforcement
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01467-00403516-00403864 responded very slowly to the case the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01468-00403865-00404062 offenders stayed around the front of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01469-00404063-00404284 lesbian bar where she was taken back
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01470-00404285-00404491 into literally mocking everyone in the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01471-00404492-00404716 bar and then they finally dispersed the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01472-00404717-00404859 police show up they don't charge you to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01473-00404860-00405094 say a crime they charge it as an attempt
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01474-00405095-00405426 to rob them of cigarettes of all things
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01475-00405427-00405726 her girlfriend was undocumented and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01476-00405727-00405943 concussed which meant that they didn't
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01477-00405944-00406231 go to the emergency room because of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01478-00406232-00406389 concern
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01479-00406390-00406758 being deported and what Aaron did out of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01480-00406759-00406995 this was in part got a job in the bar so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01481-00406996-00407154 that she could overcome her own trauma
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01482-00407155-00407490 of wanting to avoid the situation and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01483-00407491-00407784 then from there and this is again I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01484-00407785-00407922 think really important because it talks
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01485-00407923-00408171 about our experience here she was born
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01486-00408172-00408393 and raised in Southern California
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01487-00408394-00408621 came from a college-educated family and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01488-00408622-00408945 when I had her in a class with me I said
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01489-00408946-00409083 so what's this thing that happened to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01490-00409084-00409200 you that the students keep saying well
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01491-00409201-00409326 this thing that happened to Aaron and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01492-00409327-00409494 she described it to me I said well Aaron
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01493-00409495-00409622 that's a hate crime you know and she
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01494-00409624-00409755 goes wide I really don't know the hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01495-00409756-00410168 crime is what she did know was she was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01496-00410170-00410307 targeted because of his sexual
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01497-00410308-00410517 orientation being out in a gay community
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01498-00410518-00410739 and she also knew that she was very
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01499-00410739-00410943 afraid for her for her girlfriend who
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01500-00410943-00411189 was undocumented that started her
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01501-00411189-00411468 journey of now being an advocate and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01502-00411468-00411750 working with not only LGBT people but
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01503-00411751-00411957 also people with disabilities who are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01504-00411958-00412167 discriminated against and it became for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01505-00412168-00412397 her and has become a long-standing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01506-00412397-00412866 process of change so we're not alone and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01507-00412867-00413114 and the last person and I guess maybe
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01508-00413116-00413487 rightfully in some ways was a former
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01509-00413488-00413712 member of the Mexican Mafia who I knew
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01510-00413713-00413972 was a teenager who was about 17 years
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01511-00413974-00414162 old when a new man named Mikey and Mikey
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01512-00414163-00414363 would describe himself proudly as a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01513-00414364-00414647 cholo it's a real classically garbed
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01514-00414649-00415107 dressed out gang member the bandana the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01515-00415108-00415359 jeans the white t-shirt he looked like
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01516-00415360-00415521 central casting kind of like you know
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01517-00415522-00415707 violent offender and I've always
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01518-00415708-00415859 remembered Mikey because he did
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01519-00415860-00416055 something really interesting which was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01520-00416056-00416393 he would say over and over and over he'd
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01521-00416395-00416700 say stop the hate so a term that people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01522-00416701-00416855 have spent a lot of time getting focus
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01523-00416856-00417051 group data and advertising to raise
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01524-00417052-00417237 money over the last 20-30 years he was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01525-00417238-00417443 saying this just spontaneously his point
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01526-00417445-00417764 became this he saw brown and brown
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01527-00417766-00418038 violence is self-defeating and he became
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01528-00418039-00418401 literally his own advocate and this is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01529-00418402-00418607 before like in my community we even had
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01530-00418608-00418784 any kind of gang interdiction at all to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01531-00418785-00418971 speak of it's just you you you know lock
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01532-00418972-00419238 people up and he was mediating between
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01533-00419239-00419433 different factions of the Mexican Mafia
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01534-00419434-00419577 to get them to stop
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01535-00419578-00419751 he even befriended
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01536-00419752-00419918 quite intriguing me the program I worked
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01537-00419920-00420081 with him he befriended a young
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01538-00420082-00420282 african-american guy and said you know
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01539-00420283-00420525 what we're doing - you guys are no
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01540-00420526-00420630 better than what we're doing to each
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01541-00420631-00420804 other and his whole point was stop the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01542-00420805-00421097 hate and so Mikey took this on himself
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01543-00421098-00421383 and has sort of been advocacy and became
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01544-00421384-00421572 really you know he turned he turned from
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01545-00421572-00421737 choosing violence to choosing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01546-00421738-00421989 non-violence and the sad piece of this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01547-00421989-00422202 of course is a human's murdered when he
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01548-00422203-00422420 was still a young man because of his
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01549-00422421-00422883 advocacy against violence so I think
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01550-00422884-00423063 it's best to leave it with what he was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01551-00423064-00423282 saying is just that thought is we're all
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01552-00423283-00423402 left with our own challenge of how to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01553-00423403-00423759 stop the hate and I appreciate your
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01554-00423760-00424032 being here because you could easily been
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01555-00424033-00424137 someplace else
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01556-00424138-00424293 this is not a pleasant thing to talk
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01557-00424293-00424445 about it's not a pleasant thing that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01558-00424446-00424772 feel about but for some of us here I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01559-00424773-00425114 know it's our work and as somebody once
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01560-00425116-00425328 said you never work alone so these are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01561-00425329-00425541 the people I draw upon all of us have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01562-00425542-00425805 our heroes our heroines all of us have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01563-00425806-00425955 to remember were part of the tradition
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01564-00425956-00426105 the traditions not going to go away no
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01565-00426106-00426537 matter the conditions thank you for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01566-00426538-00427372 being thank you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01567-00427373-00427755 so thanks for sticking around if you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01568-00427756-00427899 have some questions I think sure would
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01569-00427900-00428016 we have a little bit of time to talk
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01570-00428017-00428360 yeah okay okay questions about anything
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01571-00428361-00428816 I have or have not said please high up
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01572-00428817-00428997 at the back yes hey there
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01573-00428997-00431268 I'll try
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01574-00431268-00432895 they'll find it's not right so I could
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01575-00432896-00433446 imagine the planful playful attitude
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01576-00433447-00434368 premeditated and it's planful and so the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01577-00434368-00434503 likelihood like yeah of course of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01578-00434504-00434674 napkins if it's going to be easier for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01579-00434675-00434926 them to do it but then they're likely to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01580-00434927-00435088 be the people that could probably do it
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01581-00435089-00435274 anyway but it sounds like the higher
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01582-00435275-00435574 percentage of that violence that would
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01583-00435575-00435799 Kirky violence would be from the sort of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01584-00435800-00436057 like highly around kind of like the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01585-00436058-00436213 offender that's not going to be as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01586-00436214-00436435 planful so I wonder if there's a lot of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01587-00436435-00436639 data or statistical data that's stating
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01588-00436639-00436914 that basically the captures between guns
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01589-00436916-00437587 and access to guns and paraphrase that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01590-00437588-00437827 so what's the role of no no good yeah
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01591-00437828-00438070 what's the role of the use of a weapon
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01592-00438071-00438274 for one thing and really the idea of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01593-00438275-00438463 premeditation and when we look at hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01594-00438464-00438688 in premeditation okay off of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01595-00438689-00438871 research I've done the more premeditated
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01596-00438872-00439060 you are the more biased you are the more
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01597-00439060-00439216 premeditated you are the further you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01598-00439217-00439518 move out of your community but I'll sort
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01599-00439520-00439714 of reference something else it's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01600-00439714-00439954 intriguing I've worked with a guy named
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01601-00439955-00440197 Harry crop in Florida we have profiled
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01602-00440197-00440425 bias-motivated homicide offenders and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01603-00440426-00440596 we've published a little bit on this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01604-00440597-00440710 we're right now doing sort of some
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01605-00440710-00440810 follow-up work
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01606-00440812-00441088 intriguingly a lot of the people that do
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01607-00441089-00441484 bias-motivated homicides are doing hands
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01608-00441485-00441922 on not even weapons not even guns but
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01609-00441922-00442164 rather hands on violence and it is the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01610-00442166-00442407 idea of this immediacy of an
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01611-00442408-00442760 aging violently against your victim that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01612-00442762-00443072 we're seeing okay and we've got about 70
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01613-00443074-00443241 cases that we would classify as these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01614-00443242-00443457 are bias-motivated homicide offenders
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01615-00443458-00443639 all that Harry does is nothing but look
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01616-00443641-00444066 at people to do homicides and violent
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01617-00444067-00444228 crimes in the state of Florida so we've
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01618-00444229-00444375 got this this population really
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01619-00444376-00444528 intriguing group the other intriguing
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01620-00444529-00444710 thing though about people that do
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01621-00444710-00445104 murders where there's hate is they very
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01622-00445105-00445439 very high frequency of childhood violent
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01623-00445441-00445800 abuse done to them prior to becoming
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01624-00445801-00445980 adults and doing bias-motivated
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01625-00445981-00446468 homicides so and I can add when I had
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01626-00446470-00446733 looked at about 200 of the criminal
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01627-00446734-00446958 histories of hate crime offenders who
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01628-00446959-00447174 were arrested in the LAPD when you go
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01629-00447175-00447354 back the first thing that shows up in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01630-00447355-00447558 their criminal record and this is you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01631-00447559-00447687 know a artifact of the state of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01632-00447688-00447888 California is to show that they were in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01633-00447889-00448121 homes where they were abused themselves
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01634-00448122-00448605 so I'm not convinced that biases the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01635-00448606-00448791 whole story at all with these kinds of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01636-00448792-00448950 dangerous individuals that do these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01637-00448951-00449139 unique and bizarre infractions but I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01638-00449139-00449358 would suggest that one of the things is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01639-00449359-00449652 the idea that bias occurs with the idea
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01640-00449653-00449820 that violence is naturally how you solve
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01641-00449821-00450150 your problems and when I talk about the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01642-00450151-00450339 bias homicide offenders in their
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01643-00450339-00450689 histories they were horrified childhood
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01644-00450691-00450839 experiences I'm not talking I was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01645-00450841-00451014 knocked around by my old man I'm talking
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01646-00451014-00451041 about
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01647-00451042-00451347 I was ritualistically abused I was the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01648-00451347-00451617 victim of chronic you know incest I was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01649-00451618-00451872 chained and left and you know the the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01650-00451872-00452082 basement when my family was just things
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01651-00452083-00452243 that would make you just feel awful
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01652-00452245-00452489 so we see this in people that then
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01653-00452491-00452688 become in their own right as adults
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01654-00452689-00453155 engaging in hands-on violence not just
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01655-00453156-00453351 carjacking shooting you from across the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01656-00453352-00453558 street but where I am proximal and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01657-00453559-00453864 enjoying that experience of that kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01658-00453864-00454047 violence and so again these very rare
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01659-00454047-00454343 individuals have their own kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01660-00454345-00454674 stories behind it other questions
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01661-00454675-00454821 comments please
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01662-00454822-00455659 hi right here yes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01663-00455660-00456077 yeah how does poverty play a role boy
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01664-00456078-00456307 it plays some role I would I would argue
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01665-00456308-00456562 in two levels see I've known hate crime
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01666-00456563-00456688 offenders and I've worked with hate
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01667-00456689-00457075 crime offenders who were highly skilled
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01668-00457076-00457297 professionals highly degreed individuals
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01669-00457298-00457540 so I'm clearly seeing people who are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01670-00457541-00457735 very successful professionals who engage
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01671-00457736-00457963 in hate crime activity that being said
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01672-00457964-00458341 as with any criminalized activity when
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01673-00458342-00458737 you look at gangs you see poverty the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01674-00458738-00458956 absence of economic resources the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01675-00458957-00459319 absence of internal resources of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01676-00459320-00459568 education of stable families and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01677-00459569-00459854 domestic environments and clearly that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01678-00459855-00460075 that's a factor that both creates the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01679-00460076-00460333 risk and and very importantly here
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01680-00460334-00460810 creates the risk of recurring hate crime
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01681-00460811-00460984 activity and you know put it this way
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01682-00460985-00461143 this is the same with anybody that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01683-00461144-00461410 belongs to a criminal gang what happens
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01684-00461411-00461554 if I get the person to leave the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01685-00461555-00461632 criminal gang
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01686-00461633-00461900 what are they entering into not just a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01687-00461901-00462091 hate gang any criminal gang if you're
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01688-00462092-00462256 gonna say you should really get out of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01689-00462257-00462445 the Mexican Mafia you should get out of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01690-00462446-00462622 the peckerwood gang you should get out
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01691-00462623-00462838 of the Aryan Nation the challenge
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01692-00462839-00463077 becomes do I have anything to belong to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01693-00463078-00463519 and if what we're saying societally or
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01694-00463520-00463716 institutionally is you're on your own
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01695-00463717-00464002 then of course these people come back to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01696-00464003-00464194 these groups now having said that I'll
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01697-00464195-00464368 have an answer a question that wasn't
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01698-00464369-00464677 per se really asked but which is this do
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01699-00464678-00464929 you incarcerate a hate crime offender as
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01700-00464930-00465350 a way to fix the problem okay
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01701-00465351-00465541 the great dilemma is if you have been
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01702-00465542-00465712 convicted of a hate crime and you are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01703-00465713-00466192 incarcerated guess what happens when
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01704-00466193-00466567 you're institutionalized everyone's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01705-00466568-00466722 gonna find out what you're there for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01706-00466723-00467095 anyone who's not of your racial group in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01707-00467096-00467290 some cases religious group or ethnic
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01708-00467291-00467654 group hold you with greater animus the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01709-00467655-00467872 one group that will support you is the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01710-00467873-00468181 group that you're part of so if you come
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01711-00468182-00468505 in is impoverished and hate oriented
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01712-00468506-00468754 you're protected by that group you were
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01713-00468755-00468929 radicalized by the group and if you're
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01714-00468930-00468958 real
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01715-00468959-00469405 least what else do you have except the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01716-00469406-00469804 group to go back to give you a quick
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01717-00469805-00469947 story and this is all public record so I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01718-00469948-00470122 can say it I remember looking in a case
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01719-00470122-00470350 with the DA's office in Los Angeles and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01720-00470351-00470580 it was a young man named Randy Rojas
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01721-00470581-00470902 Latino last name who was raised in a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01722-00470903-00471078 multi-ethnic household and he
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01723-00471079-00471337 exclusively perpetrated violence against
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01724-00471338-00471708 Latinos and when they investigated him
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01725-00471709-00471847 the FBI said what are you doing this for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01726-00471847-00472008 you because I believe in white power and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01727-00472009-00472168 down for white power now Randy lived in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01728-00472168-00472393 an extremely poor community had not
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01729-00472393-00472620 graduated high school had a meth problem
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01730-00472621-00472933 belong to a white power gang lived in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01731-00472934-00473112 one of the poorest parts of the Los
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01732-00473113-00473247 Angeles County area called the high
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01733-00473248-00473662 desert area a lot of meth labs and a lot
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01734-00473663-00473889 of poverty and a lot of unemployment and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01735-00473890-00473980 intriguingly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01736-00473981-00474105 [Music]
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01737-00474106-00474268 here's where we get into the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01738-00474268-00474529 demographics a part of Los Angeles were
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01739-00474530-00474714 we call that the white flight idea of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01740-00474715-00474891 the 1960's the whites moved out of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01741-00474892-00475255 inner city went to the high desert the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01742-00475256-00475545 1990s Latinos move into the black
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01743-00475546-00475693 communities that have been white the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01744-00475693-00476155 blacks move to the high desert the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01745-00476156-00476349 whites who left the blacks are now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01746-00476350-00476578 infuriated that the blacks have now left
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01747-00476579-00476932 the Latinos to move outward and then
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01748-00476933-00477103 these become the gangs and the forms of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01749-00477104-00477418 aggression we see Randy was incarcerated
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01750-00477418-00477664 for beating up Latino kids said I'm down
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01751-00477664-00477991 for white power becomes a hero in prison
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01752-00477992-00478237 is released after a few years when I saw
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01753-00478238-00478533 this case that that this is trouble he's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01754-00478534-00478816 released and now get into the mindset
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01755-00478817-00478935 you're going out on a date with your
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01756-00478936-00479160 girlfriend on a Saturday night she's a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01757-00479161-00479476 part of the gang too and you see a black
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01758-00479477-00479608 homeless man you beat him to death
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01759-00479609-00479941 because what else you got to do and now
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01760-00479942-00480130 Randy's incarcerated again he's gonna be
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01761-00480131-00480403 there for life we hope he's a hero in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01762-00480404-00480751 prison so you know if somebody says to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01763-00480752-00480912 me what's the primary issue I would look
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01764-00480913-00481162 at can they get a job can they have a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01765-00481163-00481429 romantic attachment can they finish any
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01766-00481430-00481614 kind of an educational trade experience
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01767-00481615-00481828 do they have a drug problem and if we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01768-00481829-00481946 address those things
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01769-00481947-00482147 maybe they're biased become something
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01770-00482148-00482348 you address down the road apiece but I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01771-00482349-00482529 don't start with a bias I would start
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01772-00482530-00482744 with the idea of poverty vulnerability
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01773-00482745-00483006 impulse disturbance drug problems and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01774-00483007-00483233 again if you take a person out of a gang
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01775-00483234-00483575 and the gang is all that they have you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01776-00483576-00483756 know if you were asked to give up
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01777-00483757-00483935 everything that you have is that your
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01778-00483936-00484062 collective and your social support
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01779-00484063-00484247 that's the challenge what are we giving
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01780-00484248-00484412 as an alternative and that's the hard
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01781-00484413-00484683 part that's the hard part is is rafe
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01782-00484684-00484818 Ezekiel put in finding an alternative
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01783-00484818-00485310 ideology can live with other comments or
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01784-00485310-00485654 questions please way up at the back hi
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01785-00485655-00486006 there
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01786-00486007-00486679 so what we see of course nation is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01787-00486680-00487122 recruitment of outright white
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01788-00487123-00487312 supremacist which was met on college
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01789-00487313-00488125 campuses that target specific sometimes
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01790-00488126-00488437 specific segments of the white
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01791-00488438-00489018 population and very stealth and very
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01792-00489019-00489954 sophisticated in terms of it it skirts
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01793-00489955-00490545 violence at least not yet as it met the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01794-00490546-00490993 threshold of rising but but it skirts on
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01795-00490993-00491227 the periphery that could escalate any
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01796-00491228-00491610 time and so the challenge is whether you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01797-00491611-00492191 identify key kids who are at risk
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01798-00492192-00492647 because they become in in many respects
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01799-00492648-00492925 perpetrators in victory right so how do
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01800-00492926-00493143 you identify kids who are at risk of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01801-00493144-00493483 recruitment and intervene in ways that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01802-00493484-00493999 pose them end rather than leave them be
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01803-00494000-00494233 prey because they are sometimes it was
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01804-00494234-00494683 isolated kids were on the spectrum into
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01805-00494684-00494985 a particular set of it'll be included so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01806-00494986-00495339 I so I wonder what you offer in terms of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01807-00495340-00495751 engaging the point in part just to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01808-00495752-00495987 paraphrase is how do we look at this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01809-00495988-00496393 idea of recruitment into biased ideology
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01810-00496393-00496629 groups alright at this point in time
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01811-00496630-00496893 they're happening in our campuses and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01812-00496893-00497116 not only how do we understand what the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01813-00497117-00497304 risks are of that process but yes indeed
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01814-00497305-00497466 who are the people that are vulnerable
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01815-00497467-00497781 to join these groups and this gets to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01816-00497782-00498010 the other side of the idea of poverty
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01817-00498010-00498195 but it was rather people that are able
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01818-00498196-00498658 to go to university are still solicited
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01819-00498659-00498879 you know quite quite seriously are
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01820-00498880-00498991 solicited
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01821-00498992-00499229 and it wasn't that long ago we would say
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01822-00499230-00499397 well you know these are just people out
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01823-00499397-00499610 there doing something in a very
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01824-00499610-00499835 unsystematic fashion you know the people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01825-00499835-00500012 opening up a web site that has like 10
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01826-00500013-00500225 followers now we're seeing these as very
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01827-00500226-00500756 well-funded well-executed strategies to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01828-00500757-00500906 draw people into these ideological
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01829-00500907-00501137 groups again there's a cultural
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01830-00501138-00501284 challenge we're facing because if we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01831-00501285-00501868 were right now in France or parts of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01832-00501869-00502157 Europe or parts of Latin America they
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01833-00502158-00502331 would say we see those as terrorist
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01834-00502332-00502577 groups and what they would say is we're
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01835-00502578-00502735 not going to wait for the violence to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01836-00502737-00503078 follow what they're espousing we treat
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01837-00503079-00503405 as a threat societally and we say well
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01838-00503406-00503810 it's a First Amendment right and to make
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01839-00503810-00504083 the point in a different way of this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01840-00504084-00504383 idea of solicitation right now if you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01841-00504384-00504614 look at neo-nazi groups in Central
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01842-00504614-00505020 Europe Germany Austria the Czech
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01843-00505021-00505529 Republic Hungary you see something
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01844-00505530-00505907 really intriguing their primary icon for
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01845-00505908-00506450 these hate groups is Che Guevara if you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01846-00506451-00506593 look at some of the photographs and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01847-00506594-00506759 there's a criminologist I work with in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01848-00506760-00507032 in Berlin and he says I got photos of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01849-00507033-00507210 these groups you think you were at a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01850-00507212-00507593 reggae or a world music concert because
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01851-00507593-00507889 they're dressed out not in neo-nazi garb
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01852-00507890-00508141 at all but they look like they are going
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01853-00508142-00508409 to Coachella Music Festival where I live
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01854-00508410-00508679 right they look like they are suddenly
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01855-00508680-00508995 extremely contemporary they solicit
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01856-00508996-00509288 women into the movement with the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01857-00509289-00509639 awareness of then being able to draw
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01858-00509639-00509995 more and more young men into these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01859-00509996-00510299 groups so yes these are not people that
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01860-00510300-00510493 are randomly showing up and doing these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01861-00510494-00510739 things there's a lot of planning behind
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01862-00510740-00510902 this and of course that's one of our
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01863-00510903-00511154 challenges now in our culture when we
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01864-00511155-00511291 look at this idea of First Amendment
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01865-00511292-00511553 right and free speech and balanced
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01866-00511554-00511766 opinion it's intriguing people of my age
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01867-00511767-00511968 or more tall
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01868-00511968-00512166 of that but according to Survey Research
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01869-00512167-00512409 when you look at University students
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01870-00512410-00512625 they are much more ready to say I want
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01871-00512626-00512787 you to stop those folks from being on
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01872-00512788-00512988 campus students are much more likely
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01873-00512989-00513258 than people over the age of 40 of saying
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01874-00513259-00513695 I don't want you know an alright speaker
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01875-00513696-00513777 on my campus
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01876-00513778-00513939 I don't want somebody's gonna create
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01877-00513939-00514158 that divisive this and you know this
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01878-00514159-00514308 kind of flies in the face of some of our
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01879-00514309-00514545 ideas of liberal democratic tradition so
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01880-00514546-00514737 you know we're looking at a real kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01881-00514738-00514956 generational challenge of beliefs in
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01882-00514957-00515345 this country and how do we create a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01883-00515346-00515559 better alternative for these people is
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01884-00515560-00515781 very very challenging and you know if I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01885-00515782-00516039 may add this the people I know who have
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01886-00516039-00516324 desist it from hate groups I mean people
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01887-00516325-00516501 that were really like the organizers
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01888-00516502-00516732 it's intriguing they don't have much of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01889-00516733-00517080 an answer for why they got out and I I'd
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01890-00517081-00517272 say this amongst us it's a little bit
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01891-00517272-00517563 like talking to a dry drunk why did you
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01892-00517564-00517722 stop drinking you know well I just
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01893-00517722-00517872 stopped drinking do you have any
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01894-00517872-00518031 understanding of it no I just stopped
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01895-00518032-00518220 drinking why did you stop belonging to a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01896-00518221-00518457 violent hate group I just decided to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01897-00518458-00518607 stop along you me a few of them will say
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01898-00518608-00518826 things like I realized it was too close
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01899-00518827-00519009 to home there's one guy in Los Angeles's
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01900-00519010-00519255 my mom has cerebral palsy and the group
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01901-00519256-00519381 was saying after we got rid of the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01902-00519382-00519525 Latinos and the immigrants that we're
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01903-00519526-00519612 gonna get rid of the people with
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01904-00519613-00519783 disabilities and that by turn his lights
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01905-00519784-00520080 on but often people desist from these
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01906-00520081-00520263 groups with the Vegas of their own
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01907-00520264-00520503 knowledge as to why so we're really kind
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01908-00520504-00520766 of grappling with how do people come out
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01909-00520767-00521016 and I think it is about identity and I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01910-00521017-00521218 think it is about having an alternative
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01911-00521219-00521645 place to compel people to belong to and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01912-00521646-00521814 some of the social psychology research
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01913-00521814-00522024 says you know you can turn prejudices on
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01914-00522025-00522306 and off and stereotypes on and off and I
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01915-00522307-00522416 think that's what we've got to look at
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01916-00522417-00522716 is how do we turn off beliefs and things
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01917-00522717-00522966 that you're extremists and give a person
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01918-00522967-00523113 a place at the table where they feel
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01919-00523114-00523220 like there's something they can be
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01920-00523221-00523464 instead and I'm concerned we're kind of
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01921-00523464-00523824 losing that battle to the all-white into
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01922-00523825-00524088 these you know well planned recruitment
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01923-00524089-00524243 strategies we see around the
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01924-00524245-00524457 so it's a very much a real problem and
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01925-00524458-00524598 again it's a generational difference
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01926-00524599-00524823 younger folks are much we're ready to
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01927-00524824-00524961 say I don't want that on my campus
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01928-00524962-00525150 please then those of us who are teaching
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01929-00525151-00525486 it and working there so it's a partial
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01930-00525487-00525660 answer where you see is a very big
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01931-00525661-00525843 challenge we're looking at many many
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01932-00525844-00526173 places other comments questions anybody
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01933-00526174-00526565 please okay
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01934-00526566-00527001 Sherwood thank you and thank you have a
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01935-00527002-00527183 good night
iaBv_xRU2rQ-01936-00527184-00527530 [Applause]
ibMhoZeA0tc-00000-00000000-00000353 this is the basic construction of a line
ibMhoZeA0tc-00001-00000354-00000749 only cylinder form cylinders can get
ibMhoZeA0tc-00002-00000750-00001052 kind of complex because you're working
ibMhoZeA0tc-00003-00001053-00001235 with ellipses and what we know about
ibMhoZeA0tc-00004-00001236-00001445 ellipses is that they are mathematically
ibMhoZeA0tc-00005-00001446-00001787 perfect they have to be symmetrical in
ibMhoZeA0tc-00006-00001788-00002051 all four quadrants and what you begin
ibMhoZeA0tc-00007-00002052-00002474 with is two approximation approximations
ibMhoZeA0tc-00008-00002475-00002963 of ellipses and two sides this is just a
ibMhoZeA0tc-00009-00002964-00003220 guess the third thing that you do is you
ibMhoZeA0tc-00010-00003221-00003440 put an axis down the middle and you want
ibMhoZeA0tc-00011-00003440-00003661 the axis to extend all the way above and
ibMhoZeA0tc-00012-00003663-00003940 below the top and bottom ellipses then
ibMhoZeA0tc-00013-00003942-00004292 you put in a horizontal axis through
ibMhoZeA0tc-00014-00004293-00004495 each ellipse so you'll notice that the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00015-00004496-00004711 sides and the horizontal axes make a
ibMhoZeA0tc-00016-00004712-00005108 rectangle then you can go through and
ibMhoZeA0tc-00017-00005109-00005426 begin to refine the ellipses to make
ibMhoZeA0tc-00018-00005427-00005768 sure that the axes are symmetric that
ibMhoZeA0tc-00019-00005769-00006211 the axes are symmetrical and that your
ibMhoZeA0tc-00020-00006212-00006448 ellipse is accurate and has a perfect
ibMhoZeA0tc-00021-00006450-00006773 curve around all four quadrants and this
ibMhoZeA0tc-00022-00006773-00006946 takes some time and a ton of practice
ibMhoZeA0tc-00023-00006947-00007181 you will want to fill pages and pages
ibMhoZeA0tc-00024-00007181-00007469 and pages of sketchbooks with ellipse
ibMhoZeA0tc-00025-00007470-00007681 practice and the way you can do it is
ibMhoZeA0tc-00026-00007683-00008110 measure the distance from the top of the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00027-00008111-00008381 ellipse to the horizontal axis and the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00028-00008382-00008539 bottom of the ellipse to the horizontal
ibMhoZeA0tc-00029-00008540-00008723 axis and make sure they're the same you
ibMhoZeA0tc-00030-00008724-00009212 can also go from the widest point at the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00031-00009213-00009467 left of the ellipse to the central axis
ibMhoZeA0tc-00032-00009468-00009674 and then from the central axis to the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00033-00009675-00009983 widest point at the right and you'll
ibMhoZeA0tc-00034-00009984-00010153 want to practice refining those and
ibMhoZeA0tc-00035-00010154-00010531 getting those as perfect as possible and
ibMhoZeA0tc-00036-00010532-00010760 generally speaking with a cylinder you
ibMhoZeA0tc-00037-00010761-00011117 can make sure that the ellipses are
ibMhoZeA0tc-00038-00011118-00011410 about the same size unless the cylinder
ibMhoZeA0tc-00039-00011411-00011912 does change change sizes as it goes up
ibMhoZeA0tc-00040-00011913-00012149 or down and you'll notice here I wrote a
ibMhoZeA0tc-00041-00012150-00012413 equals eight that means that the left
ibMhoZeA0tc-00042-00012414-00012620 side of the cylinder has to equal the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00043-00012621-00013021 right side exactly and then once you
ibMhoZeA0tc-00044-00013022-00013349 have that you can add more detail to the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00045-00013350-00013391 sin
ibMhoZeA0tc-00046-00013391-00013649 usually you're drawing like some kind of
ibMhoZeA0tc-00047-00013650-00014113 coffee cup or mug or something that has
ibMhoZeA0tc-00048-00014115-00014333 more detail than just a basic cylinder
ibMhoZeA0tc-00049-00014334-00014566 and so that's what I'm doing now I'm
ibMhoZeA0tc-00050-00014568-00014801 adding a lip to it a little bit of
ibMhoZeA0tc-00051-00014802-00015169 visual information because the glaze the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00052-00015170-00015668 ceramic cup changes color and at any
ibMhoZeA0tc-00053-00015669-00015872 point you can go back in the process and
ibMhoZeA0tc-00054-00015872-00016265 make changes and then what I'm going to
ibMhoZeA0tc-00055-00016266-00016634 want to do is identify where the shadow
ibMhoZeA0tc-00056-00016635-00016892 hits the side of the cylinder and so
ibMhoZeA0tc-00057-00016893-00017119 what I've done here is I've created a
ibMhoZeA0tc-00058-00017120-00017390 vertical line going and through the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00059-00017391-00017624 cylinder that indicates where the shadow
ibMhoZeA0tc-00060-00017625-00017885 is going to be now to find the shadow on
ibMhoZeA0tc-00061-00017886-00018029 the other side which I will need to
ibMhoZeA0tc-00062-00018030-00018094 complete it
ibMhoZeA0tc-00063-00018095-00018536 I'd trace a line from the point where it
ibMhoZeA0tc-00064-00018537-00018788 intersects the ellipse and I go through
ibMhoZeA0tc-00065-00018789-00019112 the central axis to the other side that
ibMhoZeA0tc-00066-00019113-00019274 way I know exactly where the shadow
ibMhoZeA0tc-00067-00019275-00019475 begins on the other side of the ellipse
ibMhoZeA0tc-00068-00019476-00019694 this is a very powerful tool and
ibMhoZeA0tc-00069-00019695-00019811 something to keep in mind whenever
ibMhoZeA0tc-00070-00019812-00020006 you're drawing any kind of cylindrical
ibMhoZeA0tc-00071-00020007-00020216 form especially one with an open top
ibMhoZeA0tc-00072-00020217-00020564 such as this one then I can pull tangent
ibMhoZeA0tc-00073-00020565-00020753 lines from those intersections on either
ibMhoZeA0tc-00074-00020754-00021014 side of the ellipse and define where the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00075-00021015-00021311 shadow comes out so I know precisely on
ibMhoZeA0tc-00076-00021312-00021530 the backside of this form where the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00077-00021531-00021803 shadow emerges then I can kind of echo
ibMhoZeA0tc-00078-00021804-00022133 the shape of the ellipse down on the
ibMhoZeA0tc-00079-00022134-00022481 ground then as I bring that backside
ibMhoZeA0tc-00080-00022482-00022928 shadow up I know exactly what I'm doing
ibbrfv8wUHI-00000-00000280-00000551 hello everyone and welcome to uh the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00001-00000552-00000799 austin beam awesomeview media uh my name
ibbrfv8wUHI-00002-00000800-00001087 is austin uh but if you're watching or
ibbrfv8wUHI-00003-00001088-00001327 listening you already know that um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00004-00001328-00001574 i am here today with emmanuel tenenbaum
ibbrfv8wUHI-00005-00001575-00001847 the director of free fall it's a short
ibbrfv8wUHI-00006-00001848-00002079 film about a stock trader in the midst
ibbrfv8wUHI-00007-00002080-00002247 of 9 11.
ibbrfv8wUHI-00008-00002248-00002518 um daniel hi
ibbrfv8wUHI-00009-00002519-00002718 hi how are you doing
ibbrfv8wUHI-00010-00002719-00003031 i'm doing really well actually um as i'm
ibbrfv8wUHI-00011-00003032-00003247 recording this um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00012-00003247-00003486 i just got press accreditation for the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00013-00003488-00003686 austin film festival
ibbrfv8wUHI-00014-00003688-00003822 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00015-00003823-00004079 pun not intended um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00016-00004079-00004415 yeah austin goes to austin yeah um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00017-00004416-00004622 virtually but um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00018-00004623-00005111 but yeah it's a good day when you get um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00019-00005112-00005343 film news and just last night i heard
ibbrfv8wUHI-00020-00005344-00005743 from afi um about afi fest so confirming
ibbrfv8wUHI-00021-00005744-00005983 final details about that so that's it's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00022-00005984-00006254 been a pretty great day and of course
ibbrfv8wUHI-00023-00006255-00006486 it's a great day because i i love
ibbrfv8wUHI-00024-00006487-00006583 talking
ibbrfv8wUHI-00025-00006584-00006903 to filmmakers like yourself um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00026-00006904-00007159 because i was telling um one of my
ibbrfv8wUHI-00027-00007159-00007359 friends this
ibbrfv8wUHI-00028-00007359-00007583 i think i like interviewing a lot more
ibbrfv8wUHI-00029-00007584-00007855 than writing um because
ibbrfv8wUHI-00030-00007856-00008151 i think when i write reviews
ibbrfv8wUHI-00031-00008152-00008263 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00032-00008264-00008663 i tend to get lost in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00033-00008664-00008887 the art tends to get lost
ibbrfv8wUHI-00034-00008888-00008974 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00035-00008975-00009167 for example um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00036-00009168-00009391 last night i was writing a review for a
ibbrfv8wUHI-00037-00009392-00009551 film called the cleaner which is being
ibbrfv8wUHI-00038-00009552-00009991 distributed by uh 1091 pictures it's a
ibbrfv8wUHI-00039-00009992-00010135 it's a um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00040-00010136-00010310 man
ibbrfv8wUHI-00041-00010311-00010678 it it uh he's a cleaner um he cleans
ibbrfv8wUHI-00042-00010679-00010895 homes and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00043-00010896-00011135 he's tasked with by linda carter you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00044-00011136-00011327 know wonder woman
ibbrfv8wUHI-00045-00011328-00011471 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00046-00011472-00011567 to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00047-00011568-00011799 track down her estranged son and it was
ibbrfv8wUHI-00048-00011800-00011951 i just kind of had to write this email
ibbrfv8wUHI-00049-00011952-00012127 to them and i was like hey
ibbrfv8wUHI-00050-00012128-00012310 look this is negative
ibbrfv8wUHI-00051-00012311-00012542 but that is not
ibbrfv8wUHI-00052-00012543-00012703 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00053-00012704-00012902 there are good things here
ibbrfv8wUHI-00054-00012903-00013230 so yeah um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00055-00013231-00013422 i i always feel like that gets lost when
ibbrfv8wUHI-00056-00013423-00013686 you're forced to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00057-00013687-00013975 distill uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00058-00013976-00014183 what maybe like a two-hour 90-minute
ibbrfv8wUHI-00059-00014184-00014271 movie
ibbrfv8wUHI-00060-00014272-00014553 into this 700-word article
ibbrfv8wUHI-00061-00014554-00014686 [Music]
ibbrfv8wUHI-00062-00014687-00015071 so i like talking
ibbrfv8wUHI-00063-00015072-00015407 to filmmakers such as yourself because
ibbrfv8wUHI-00064-00015408-00015735 i think it gives people much more
ibbrfv8wUHI-00065-00015736-00015991 insight into how movies are made or in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00066-00015991-00016415 this case short films
ibbrfv8wUHI-00067-00016416-00016727 um but let's uh talk about free fall a
ibbrfv8wUHI-00068-00016728-00016883 little bit
ibbrfv8wUHI-00069-00016884-00017055 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00070-00017056-00017367 so this is a film this is a very unique
ibbrfv8wUHI-00071-00017368-00017535 film um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00072-00017536-00017886 a short film rather um this is about a
ibbrfv8wUHI-00073-00017887-00018039 stock trader
ibbrfv8wUHI-00074-00018040-00018263 who
ibbrfv8wUHI-00075-00018264-00018503 give a little bit away um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00076-00018504-00018839 that's against the market in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00077-00018840-00019158 a very turbulent time i should say um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00078-00019159-00019422 and we we've had a few stories like this
ibbrfv8wUHI-00079-00019423-00019671 you know big short um wolf of wall
ibbrfv8wUHI-00080-00019672-00019958 street well i i can't say wolf of wall
ibbrfv8wUHI-00081-00019959-00020158 street i haven't really seen too much of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00082-00020159-00020358 that um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00083-00020359-00020439 but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00084-00020440-00020558 so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00085-00020559-00020863 where did you find this story
ibbrfv8wUHI-00086-00020864-00020967 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00087-00020968-00021294 the story originally we found it in a in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00088-00021295-00021455 a book by a dutch writer he's called
ibbrfv8wUHI-00089-00021456-00021599 joyce landag
ibbrfv8wUHI-00090-00021600-00021814 and he's a he's an absolutely brilliant
ibbrfv8wUHI-00091-00021815-00021975 uh writer
ibbrfv8wUHI-00092-00021976-00022183 and he was in uh he was living in london
ibbrfv8wUHI-00093-00022184-00022463 and he was doing a blog for the guardian
ibbrfv8wUHI-00094-00022464-00022855 and he was interviewing uh bankers a lot
ibbrfv8wUHI-00095-00022856-00023103 and a lot a lot of bankers of course he
ibbrfv8wUHI-00096-00023104-00023286 would never give away their names it had
ibbrfv8wUHI-00097-00023287-00023550 it was all anonymous
ibbrfv8wUHI-00098-00023551-00023886 and uh he collected absolutely crazy
ibbrfv8wUHI-00099-00023887-00024078 stories about the world of finance about
ibbrfv8wUHI-00100-00024079-00024358 the 2008 crisis about
ibbrfv8wUHI-00101-00024359-00024591 how the world is being
ibbrfv8wUHI-00102-00024592-00024686 run
ibbrfv8wUHI-00103-00024687-00025007 by by those people who sometimes have no
ibbrfv8wUHI-00104-00025008-00025255 idea what they're doing themselves
ibbrfv8wUHI-00105-00025256-00025422 so a lot of really good stories and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00106-00025423-00025622 there was one particular story that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00107-00025623-00025927 caught our attention of this traitor
ibbrfv8wUHI-00108-00025927-00026335 uh of the trader on 9 11 who who
ibbrfv8wUHI-00109-00026336-00026518 kind of had a glimpse of what was going
ibbrfv8wUHI-00110-00026519-00026752 on before anyone else
ibbrfv8wUHI-00111-00026754-00026870 [Music]
ibbrfv8wUHI-00112-00026872-00027095 so i work i've been working for a number
ibbrfv8wUHI-00113-00027095-00027311 of years with guillaume fonier our rider
ibbrfv8wUHI-00114-00027312-00027446 from quebec
ibbrfv8wUHI-00115-00027447-00027695 and we we immediately thought okay that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00116-00027695-00027895 is a great story let's uh let's do
ibbrfv8wUHI-00117-00027895-00028055 something about it
ibbrfv8wUHI-00118-00028056-00028358 and that's how the film was born yeah
ibbrfv8wUHI-00119-00028360-00028607 so you mentioned the guardian
ibbrfv8wUHI-00120-00028608-00028943 yes i have to ask is the person you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00121-00028944-00029174 mentioned just mentioned um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00122-00029175-00029518 the person who he calls
ibbrfv8wUHI-00123-00029519-00029767 um you mean the guardian yeah the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00124-00029768-00030031 newspaper um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00125-00030032-00030214 uh so i'm not sure if i answered the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00126-00030216-00030407 question right the guardian is is uh is
ibbrfv8wUHI-00127-00030408-00030558 in newspapers is one of the big
ibbrfv8wUHI-00128-00030560-00030711 newspapers in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00129-00030712-00030846 in england
ibbrfv8wUHI-00130-00030847-00031001 and um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00131-00031002-00031246 [Music]
ibbrfv8wUHI-00132-00031247-00031535 that person was someone that the the the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00133-00031536-00031823 journalist like us linda was talking to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00134-00031824-00032023 so he's one of the sources and he he
ibbrfv8wUHI-00135-00032024-00032343 told his story he told his own story but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00136-00032344-00032607 uh even that person even or even though
ibbrfv8wUHI-00137-00032608-00032783 we were making a film about him about
ibbrfv8wUHI-00138-00032784-00032999 what would happen to him he i never met
ibbrfv8wUHI-00139-00033000-00033143 him i don't know his name i don't know
ibbrfv8wUHI-00140-00033144-00033407 anything okay uh he wanted to stay
ibbrfv8wUHI-00141-00033408-00033551 anonymous because
ibbrfv8wUHI-00142-00033552-00033783 they are quite afraid that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00143-00033784-00034015 that being talked about can hurt their
ibbrfv8wUHI-00144-00034016-00034135 careers
ibbrfv8wUHI-00145-00034136-00034271 it's one of the things we found out
ibbrfv8wUHI-00146-00034272-00034423 about the banking world it's quite
ibbrfv8wUHI-00147-00034424-00034639 secretive
ibbrfv8wUHI-00148-00034640-00034855 yeah sure um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00149-00034856-00035199 and speaking of the banking world
ibbrfv8wUHI-00150-00035200-00035431 so we've had kind of a
ibbrfv8wUHI-00151-00035432-00035630 i don't know if this has happened over
ibbrfv8wUHI-00152-00035631-00035735 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00153-00035736-00035990 in the european union but we had that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00154-00035991-00036151 whole
ibbrfv8wUHI-00155-00036152-00036327 i don't know if you call it scandal or
ibbrfv8wUHI-00156-00036328-00036479 what
ibbrfv8wUHI-00157-00036480-00036839 with gamestop and aim amc yes
ibbrfv8wUHI-00158-00036840-00036951 absolutely
ibbrfv8wUHI-00159-00036952-00037183 i forget what well you'd even refer to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00160-00037184-00037518 it as um yeah but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00161-00037519-00037783 you kind of are seeing
ibbrfv8wUHI-00162-00037784-00038111 a not repeat of the 2008 crisis because
ibbrfv8wUHI-00163-00038112-00038271 that was a lot bigger
ibbrfv8wUHI-00164-00038272-00038383 um yeah
ibbrfv8wUHI-00165-00038384-00038455 and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00166-00038456-00038567 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00167-00038568-00038646 but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00168-00038647-00038790 what is your take on that you know
ibbrfv8wUHI-00169-00038791-00038999 having directed a short film that's kind
ibbrfv8wUHI-00170-00039000-00039087 of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00171-00039088-00039174 you know
ibbrfv8wUHI-00172-00039175-00039430 talking about a financial crisis
ibbrfv8wUHI-00173-00039431-00039511 yeah
ibbrfv8wUHI-00174-00039512-00039767 i think that the gamestop story is
ibbrfv8wUHI-00175-00039768-00039943 extremely fascinating but for different
ibbrfv8wUHI-00176-00039944-00040271 reasons actually it's sort of the anti
ibbrfv8wUHI-00177-00040272-00040502 uh it's the entire freefall in a way
ibbrfv8wUHI-00178-00040503-00040718 that in uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00179-00040719-00040935 in freefall we show really powerful and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00180-00040936-00041071 rich hedge funds
ibbrfv8wUHI-00181-00041072-00041318 kind of uh playing with us playing with
ibbrfv8wUHI-00182-00041319-00041430 the world
ibbrfv8wUHI-00183-00041431-00041711 uh and in gamestop it's really like 20
ibbrfv8wUHI-00184-00041712-00041935 years later the internet has come
ibbrfv8wUHI-00185-00041936-00042143 and suddenly it brings some kind of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00186-00042144-00042367 power to to the people and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00187-00042368-00042583 those people kind of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00188-00042584-00042823 got organized and got all together and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00189-00042824-00043127 they managed to shake shake out really
ibbrfv8wUHI-00190-00043128-00043311 big hedge funds
ibbrfv8wUHI-00191-00043312-00043479 i don't know if it's good or bad i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00192-00043480-00043671 really don't have because i think i'm
ibbrfv8wUHI-00193-00043672-00043871 not very happy with both sides of the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00194-00043872-00044167 story or how it happens but one thing
ibbrfv8wUHI-00195-00044168-00044399 for sure it's uh it's the first time
ibbrfv8wUHI-00196-00044400-00044590 ever i hear a story
ibbrfv8wUHI-00197-00044591-00044751 of just
ibbrfv8wUHI-00198-00044752-00044902 random
ibbrfv8wUHI-00199-00044903-00045183 people on the internet managing to uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00200-00045184-00045511 managing to to bankrupt such a big hedge
ibbrfv8wUHI-00201-00045512-00045799 fund and i think this is more like a new
ibbrfv8wUHI-00202-00045800-00046111 chapter opening up like the internet
ibbrfv8wUHI-00203-00046112-00046527 uh the finance of the internet so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00204-00046528-00046711 yeah i think it's quite interesting it's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00205-00046712-00046927 almost worth the film in itself
ibbrfv8wUHI-00206-00046928-00047023 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00207-00047024-00047174 yeah
ibbrfv8wUHI-00208-00047175-00047479 yeah and you know i i'm sure you've
ibbrfv8wUHI-00209-00047480-00047646 gotten that question
ibbrfv8wUHI-00210-00047647-00047927 a little too often recently
ibbrfv8wUHI-00211-00047928-00048343 i just kind of wanted to ask just
ibbrfv8wUHI-00212-00048344-00048630 just because i'm curious you know you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00213-00048631-00048774 you probably
ibbrfv8wUHI-00214-00048775-00049083 spent years on the film
ibbrfv8wUHI-00215-00049084-00049367 uh because i think what people don't
ibbrfv8wUHI-00216-00049368-00049639 realize is it's not just a oh i'm just
ibbrfv8wUHI-00217-00049640-00049830 going to drag these video i'm going to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00218-00049831-00050071 go to a
ibbrfv8wUHI-00219-00050072-00050390 a lot for one day and then
ibbrfv8wUHI-00220-00050391-00050607 go to my computer edit it and it's out
ibbrfv8wUHI-00221-00050608-00050727 the next day
ibbrfv8wUHI-00222-00050728-00050807 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00223-00050808-00051086 no it's it's a three four year process
ibbrfv8wUHI-00224-00051087-00051199 sometimes
ibbrfv8wUHI-00225-00051200-00051342 yes um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00226-00051344-00051446 and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00227-00051447-00051654 you learn a lot about
ibbrfv8wUHI-00228-00051655-00051894 just certain intricacies that you don't
ibbrfv8wUHI-00229-00051895-00052119 um think of if you're just sitting in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00230-00052120-00052311 the movie theater or
ibbrfv8wUHI-00231-00052312-00052582 sitting at home in this in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00232-00052583-00052719 recent cases
ibbrfv8wUHI-00233-00052720-00052838 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00234-00052839-00052935 so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00235-00052936-00053271 yeah i just that's the reason why um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00236-00053272-00053519 but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00237-00053520-00053838 so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00238-00053839-00054191 i really appreciate
ibbrfv8wUHI-00239-00054191-00054366 give your congrats to the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00240-00054367-00054511 cinematographer
ibbrfv8wUHI-00241-00054512-00054607 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00242-00054608-00054879 because there's a shot
ibbrfv8wUHI-00243-00054879-00054982 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00244-00054983-00055175 well actually a scene rather
ibbrfv8wUHI-00245-00055176-00055271 where
ibbrfv8wUHI-00246-00055272-00055423 everyone's just
ibbrfv8wUHI-00247-00055424-00055535 hurrying
ibbrfv8wUHI-00248-00055536-00055607 and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00249-00055608-00055719 just like
ibbrfv8wUHI-00250-00055720-00055863 that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00251-00055864-00056103 it's just everyone's calm for one second
ibbrfv8wUHI-00252-00056104-00056303 and then it's just like okay now we've
ibbrfv8wUHI-00253-00056304-00056438 got a race to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00254-00056439-00056654 sell this stuff and i think it did a
ibbrfv8wUHI-00255-00056655-00056999 very good job about what i would imagine
ibbrfv8wUHI-00256-00057000-00057166 uh someone who knows nothing about
ibbrfv8wUHI-00257-00057167-00057454 stocks other than i have it a app on my
ibbrfv8wUHI-00258-00057455-00057782 iphone that has stocks and has numbers
ibbrfv8wUHI-00259-00057783-00058038 to it that i don't understand
ibbrfv8wUHI-00260-00058039-00058230 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00261-00058232-00058479 but i um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00262-00058479-00058559 give
ibbrfv8wUHI-00263-00058560-00058830 the cinematographer my thanks um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00264-00058832-00059047 on that but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00265-00059048-00059335 what was
ibbrfv8wUHI-00266-00059336-00059430 the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00267-00059432-00059775 method i guess you you chose like what
ibbrfv8wUHI-00268-00059776-00060023 what kind of research would you do
ibbrfv8wUHI-00269-00060024-00060191 on that because
ibbrfv8wUHI-00270-00060191-00060423 as you said it's a very secretive world
ibbrfv8wUHI-00271-00060424-00060519 i mean
ibbrfv8wUHI-00272-00060520-00060630 you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00273-00060632-00060975 watch the documentary lost leonardo
ibbrfv8wUHI-00274-00060976-00061175 from sony pictures classics that came
ibbrfv8wUHI-00275-00061176-00061326 out
ibbrfv8wUHI-00276-00061327-00061463 august
ibbrfv8wUHI-00277-00061464-00061782 um or something like that and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00278-00061783-00062023 it's just very very secretive so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00279-00062024-00062182 what was your um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00280-00062183-00062350 what kind of research do you have to do
ibbrfv8wUHI-00281-00062351-00062503 on this
ibbrfv8wUHI-00282-00062504-00062950 well actually a lot i mean really a lot
ibbrfv8wUHI-00283-00062951-00063094 it's um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00284-00063095-00063382 it's easy to make a film that is kind of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00285-00063383-00063630 not really true not really truthful so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00286-00063632-00063838 then you kind of use what you have in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00287-00063839-00064006 mind and what you think
ibbrfv8wUHI-00288-00064007-00064215 it should be and then
ibbrfv8wUHI-00289-00064216-00064406 then maybe a lot of people can write
ibbrfv8wUHI-00290-00064407-00064654 this but in this case we wanted it to be
ibbrfv8wUHI-00291-00064655-00064759 really
ibbrfv8wUHI-00292-00064760-00065006 realistic really true
ibbrfv8wUHI-00293-00065007-00065238 uh so the kind of research you do it
ibbrfv8wUHI-00294-00065239-00065519 starts with i guess starts with books
ibbrfv8wUHI-00295-00065520-00065791 uh so this book by jose indict was
ibbrfv8wUHI-00296-00065792-00065959 already extremely dense lots of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00297-00065960-00066126 information there
ibbrfv8wUHI-00298-00066127-00066255 and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00299-00066256-00066438 we could learn a little bit how it works
ibbrfv8wUHI-00300-00066439-00066719 like for example there is a scene uh in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00301-00066720-00066926 the beginning where the boss
ibbrfv8wUHI-00302-00066927-00067167 really scares them you have to be re you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00303-00067168-00067303 have to make money today you have to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00304-00067304-00067438 make money today
ibbrfv8wUHI-00305-00067439-00067638 uh it sounds almost cliche but it's how
ibbrfv8wUHI-00306-00067639-00067799 it is it's almost like a military
ibbrfv8wUHI-00307-00067800-00067894 training
ibbrfv8wUHI-00308-00067895-00068071 uh for a lot of these people or at least
ibbrfv8wUHI-00309-00068072-00068223 it was at the time
ibbrfv8wUHI-00310-00068224-00068535 uh and then yeah you you talk you talk
ibbrfv8wUHI-00311-00068536-00068871 to traders you talk to finance people uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00312-00068872-00069094 we we conducted numerous amounts of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00313-00069095-00069223 interviews
ibbrfv8wUHI-00314-00069224-00069438 uh met with uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00315-00069439-00069687 yeah sat down with uh with the bankers
ibbrfv8wUHI-00316-00069688-00069991 in amsterdam with a banker in france uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00317-00069992-00070182 so you just make sure that you get help
ibbrfv8wUHI-00318-00070183-00070526 by uh by the people who know exactly how
ibbrfv8wUHI-00319-00070527-00070726 it is and you show them
ibbrfv8wUHI-00320-00070727-00070894 what you have you can even show them the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00321-00070895-00071143 script and they can comment on it
ibbrfv8wUHI-00322-00071144-00071335 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00323-00071336-00071575 so slowly slowly slowly like this you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00324-00071576-00071823 build uh you build realistic things and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00325-00071824-00072079 of course uh today it's what sort of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00326-00072080-00072375 mentioned near the internet you find
ibbrfv8wUHI-00327-00072376-00072559 as much information as you want so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00328-00072560-00072831 documentaries books talking to people
ibbrfv8wUHI-00329-00072832-00073038 uh eventually you get something that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00330-00073039-00073247 that feels realistic and one of the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00331-00073248-00073494 things we're happy about uh is that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00332-00073495-00073735 traders who watch the film now they they
ibbrfv8wUHI-00333-00073736-00073919 say yeah it's it's actually true it's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00334-00073920-00074071 actually how it works
ibbrfv8wUHI-00335-00074072-00074238 and this this was a relief because you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00336-00074239-00074447 know you're always afraid to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00337-00074448-00074575 to sort of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00338-00074576-00074806 make something that that is not uh that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00339-00074807-00074982 isn't good enough
ibbrfv8wUHI-00340-00074983-00075335 yeah of course because
ibbrfv8wUHI-00341-00075336-00075591 it's it's funny in a similar vein it's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00342-00075592-00075735 it's like
ibbrfv8wUHI-00343-00075736-00076062 write a review that i think is terrible
ibbrfv8wUHI-00344-00076063-00076431 and then it does well i'm like
ibbrfv8wUHI-00345-00076432-00076711 what is that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00346-00076712-00077103 it's an interesting concept um but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00347-00077104-00077447 so i want to get a little spoilery just
ibbrfv8wUHI-00348-00077448-00077535 for
ibbrfv8wUHI-00349-00077536-00077719 i sure had
ibbrfv8wUHI-00350-00077720-00077903 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00351-00077904-00078343 that voicemail at the end
ibbrfv8wUHI-00352-00078344-00078471 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00353-00078472-00078567 wow
ibbrfv8wUHI-00354-00078568-00078679 for one
ibbrfv8wUHI-00355-00078680-00078791 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00356-00078792-00079038 it just completely turns
ibbrfv8wUHI-00357-00079039-00079303 the tone from this
ibbrfv8wUHI-00358-00079304-00079535 celebratory moment um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00359-00079536-00079703 haunting as it is
ibbrfv8wUHI-00360-00079704-00079879 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00361-00079880-00080087 to this oh right
ibbrfv8wUHI-00362-00080088-00080247 this is something i'm going to remember
ibbrfv8wUHI-00363-00080248-00080494 forever but not for the reasons i think
ibbrfv8wUHI-00364-00080495-00080671 yeah um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00365-00080672-00080879 and i guess i did have a question about
ibbrfv8wUHI-00366-00080880-00080975 that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00367-00080976-00081150 and um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00368-00081151-00081335 and it and if um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00369-00081336-00081519 and if the information is not available
ibbrfv8wUHI-00370-00081520-00081782 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00371-00081783-00081999 that's fine so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00372-00082000-00082262 just to clarify was
ibbrfv8wUHI-00373-00082263-00082526 um i believe it was freddy
ibbrfv8wUHI-00374-00082527-00082871 um yes where freddy and i forget the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00375-00082872-00083311 main guy's name i apologize um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00376-00083312-00083582 what was their relationship
ibbrfv8wUHI-00377-00083583-00083791 like were they just
ibbrfv8wUHI-00378-00083792-00084135 buddies or
ibbrfv8wUHI-00379-00084136-00084255 so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00380-00084256-00084427 i would say that um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00381-00084428-00084623 [Music]
ibbrfv8wUHI-00382-00084624-00084815 they are they have a sort of mental
ibbrfv8wUHI-00383-00084816-00085023 relationship so uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00384-00085024-00085262 freddie is a senior the senior trader at
ibbrfv8wUHI-00385-00085263-00085543 the firm tom is a young trader uh we
ibbrfv8wUHI-00386-00085544-00085718 don't need to give all the background i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00387-00085719-00085903 mean we don't even know ourselves but we
ibbrfv8wUHI-00388-00085904-00086094 imagine that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00389-00086095-00086455 we imagine that it got
ibbrfv8wUHI-00390-00086456-00086606 hired maybe
ibbrfv8wUHI-00391-00086607-00086862 by freddie or freddie told mark maybe
ibbrfv8wUHI-00392-00086863-00087038 you should hire this boy he can do
ibbrfv8wUHI-00393-00087039-00087294 something so it's it's a sort of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00394-00087295-00087462 mentorship
ibbrfv8wUHI-00395-00087463-00087703 thing uh maybe it's something we haven't
ibbrfv8wUHI-00396-00087704-00087791 done
ibbrfv8wUHI-00397-00087792-00087926 perfectly in the film because some
ibbrfv8wUHI-00398-00087927-00088126 people question also the type of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00399-00088127-00088447 relationship they have
ibbrfv8wUHI-00400-00088448-00088526 but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00401-00088527-00088767 yeah the idea was that it's mentorship
ibbrfv8wUHI-00402-00088768-00089038 and friendship relationship yeah
ibbrfv8wUHI-00403-00089039-00089247 okay i just want to ask because i was
ibbrfv8wUHI-00404-00089248-00089423 wondering um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00405-00089424-00089687 usually i don't ask because i like
ibbrfv8wUHI-00406-00089688-00089871 my english teacher
ibbrfv8wUHI-00407-00089872-00090038 from high school
ibbrfv8wUHI-00408-00090039-00090126 said
ibbrfv8wUHI-00409-00090127-00090343 stories are she said something about
ibbrfv8wUHI-00410-00090344-00090591 stories being a window into a particular
ibbrfv8wUHI-00411-00090592-00090775 moment in time yes
ibbrfv8wUHI-00412-00090776-00090982 and that you're just looking in you're
ibbrfv8wUHI-00413-00090983-00091391 not meant to know um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00414-00091392-00091559 what happened when they
ibbrfv8wUHI-00415-00091560-00091799 when that person walks through the door
ibbrfv8wUHI-00416-00091800-00092015 and when they what they had for dinner
ibbrfv8wUHI-00417-00092016-00092391 it's not about that it's about that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00418-00092392-00092494 yes
ibbrfv8wUHI-00419-00092495-00092662 yeah that's why that's why i would say
ibbrfv8wUHI-00420-00092663-00092911 it's free for anyone to interpret
ibbrfv8wUHI-00421-00092912-00093150 however they want it i mean
ibbrfv8wUHI-00422-00093151-00093343 we show something and then you can you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00423-00093344-00093662 can read it differently according to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00424-00093663-00093782 yeah to your
ibbrfv8wUHI-00425-00093783-00093991 what you how you're bang around and how
ibbrfv8wUHI-00426-00093992-00094199 you want it to to be so that's fine
ibbrfv8wUHI-00427-00094200-00094374 that's totally fine
ibbrfv8wUHI-00428-00094375-00094606 yeah um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00429-00094607-00094926 and that brings up another thing is um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00430-00094927-00095079 so um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00431-00095080-00095238 i apologize i i forget the main
ibbrfv8wUHI-00432-00095239-00095591 character's name
ibbrfv8wUHI-00433-00095592-00095743 it's what
ibbrfv8wUHI-00434-00095744-00096031 tom he's called tom um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00435-00096032-00096231 i watched a lot of movies last night so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00436-00096232-00096406 it's kind of blurring together
ibbrfv8wUHI-00437-00096407-00096638 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00438-00096639-00096862 so tom um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00439-00096863-00097215 he he goes on this investigative kick
ibbrfv8wUHI-00440-00097216-00097455 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00441-00097456-00097847 so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00442-00097848-00098079 again i hate to ask intent
ibbrfv8wUHI-00443-00098080-00098359 but where do you think that comes from
ibbrfv8wUHI-00444-00098360-00098623 uh with tom is it just because of his
ibbrfv8wUHI-00445-00098624-00098838 traitor background and he's trying to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00446-00098839-00099159 find patterns and trends
ibbrfv8wUHI-00447-00099160-00099406 um do you mean the truth during the the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00448-00099407-00099559 investigation he carries out to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00449-00099560-00099847 understand what was going on yeah
ibbrfv8wUHI-00450-00099848-00100182 um i think it's uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00451-00100183-00100311 i think it's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00452-00100312-00100606 the paradox that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00453-00100607-00100862 you know
ibbrfv8wUHI-00454-00100863-00101047 at the time at the time everybody who
ibbrfv8wUHI-00455-00101048-00101215 was there remember what he was doing you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00456-00101216-00101367 know like when it happened like
ibbrfv8wUHI-00457-00101368-00101567 everybody stopped working absolutely
ibbrfv8wUHI-00458-00101568-00101735 everyone stopped working everybody went
ibbrfv8wUHI-00459-00101736-00101911 to watch television
ibbrfv8wUHI-00460-00101912-00102087 and there was nothing going on but in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00461-00102088-00102374 his case he's he's a traitor so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00462-00102375-00102518 i think
ibbrfv8wUHI-00463-00102519-00102718 he has an intuition he feels there's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00464-00102719-00102958 something going on and then whether we
ibbrfv8wUHI-00465-00102959-00103158 endorse that or not because we can ask
ibbrfv8wUHI-00466-00103159-00103430 the more question did he do right
ibbrfv8wUHI-00467-00103431-00103694 but he's the only one who kind of senses
ibbrfv8wUHI-00468-00103695-00104078 that he his job is affected by this his
ibbrfv8wUHI-00469-00104079-00104327 actions are affected by this so he
ibbrfv8wUHI-00470-00104328-00104575 he has and he should do something about
ibbrfv8wUHI-00471-00104576-00104654 it
ibbrfv8wUHI-00472-00104655-00104863 um so i think he needs to get the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00473-00104864-00105134 information because if he's right he's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00474-00105135-00105399 gonna make a lot of money he's if he's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00475-00105400-00105623 wrong he's gonna bankrupt the funds
ibbrfv8wUHI-00476-00105624-00105863 basically so i think he needs to he
ibbrfv8wUHI-00477-00105864-00106071 needs to get information uh one of the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00478-00106072-00106295 things that is really important is that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00479-00106296-00106527 training is about information so for
ibbrfv8wUHI-00480-00106528-00106823 example you have those
ibbrfv8wUHI-00481-00106824-00107007 you have you have a lot of scandals in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00482-00107008-00107190 wall street you hear about insiders
ibbrfv8wUHI-00483-00107191-00107327 trading
ibbrfv8wUHI-00484-00107328-00107502 a lot of people cheat a lot of people
ibbrfv8wUHI-00485-00107503-00107743 try to use information they should not
ibbrfv8wUHI-00486-00107744-00107919 have a lot of people bribe people to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00487-00107920-00108151 have information because honestly
ibbrfv8wUHI-00488-00108152-00108390 trading is a lot about information if
ibbrfv8wUHI-00489-00108391-00108486 you know
ibbrfv8wUHI-00490-00108488-00108710 in advance that this person will join
ibbrfv8wUHI-00491-00108711-00109102 the board or the ceo will be fired or
ibbrfv8wUHI-00492-00109103-00109286 the result of this company are not good
ibbrfv8wUHI-00493-00109288-00109447 well you have information before anyone
ibbrfv8wUHI-00494-00109448-00109599 else you will take positions in stock
ibbrfv8wUHI-00495-00109600-00109823 market and make money accordingly
ibbrfv8wUHI-00496-00109824-00109958 so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00497-00109959-00110158 i i think that's why he's really after
ibbrfv8wUHI-00498-00110159-00110310 the information
ibbrfv8wUHI-00499-00110311-00110519 what is going on here
ibbrfv8wUHI-00500-00110520-00110751 and then again the more question is
ibbrfv8wUHI-00501-00110752-00111039 inevitable like is he doing what he
ibbrfv8wUHI-00502-00111040-00111231 should be doing or should he should he
ibbrfv8wUHI-00503-00111232-00111431 shouldn't be thinking about
ibbrfv8wUHI-00504-00111432-00111663 the people who are suffering but that's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00505-00111664-00111839 exactly what we show about the finance
ibbrfv8wUHI-00506-00111840-00112151 world right it's it's what they do
ibbrfv8wUHI-00507-00112152-00112510 yeah and kind of going off that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00508-00112511-00112663 the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00509-00112664-00113086 momentum that he uses in this time of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00510-00113088-00113343 tragedy there's no other word
ibbrfv8wUHI-00511-00113344-00113599 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00512-00113600-00113710 i think
ibbrfv8wUHI-00513-00113711-00113966 what the short film did well
ibbrfv8wUHI-00514-00113967-00114102 is
ibbrfv8wUHI-00515-00114103-00114207 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00516-00114208-00114327 really
ibbrfv8wUHI-00517-00114328-00114551 put you in the space of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00518-00114552-00114639 hey
ibbrfv8wUHI-00519-00114640-00114807 you can be
ibbrfv8wUHI-00520-00114808-00115047 like you can be in this guy's mind space
ibbrfv8wUHI-00521-00115048-00115231 because everyone has gone into their
ibbrfv8wUHI-00522-00115232-00115390 boss's office
ibbrfv8wUHI-00523-00115391-00115583 and said hey
ibbrfv8wUHI-00524-00115583-00115790 i think i'm right about this
ibbrfv8wUHI-00525-00115791-00116143 and if we don't do this we lose a lot of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00526-00116144-00116327 money i've done it
ibbrfv8wUHI-00527-00116328-00116671 um like at my old movie theater job i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00528-00116672-00116839 was like no we got to keep the coffee
ibbrfv8wUHI-00529-00116840-00116999 machine because that's what everyone
ibbrfv8wUHI-00530-00117000-00117190 buys at hot foods
ibbrfv8wUHI-00531-00117191-00117623 like but they got rid of it
ibbrfv8wUHI-00532-00117624-00117831 like if you go to an amc or i guess it
ibbrfv8wUHI-00533-00117832-00118023 would be um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00534-00118024-00118319 oh what would it be oh in the uk it'd be
ibbrfv8wUHI-00535-00118320-00118551 i think it'd be cena world
ibbrfv8wUHI-00536-00118552-00118758 i think amc owns in a world or something
ibbrfv8wUHI-00537-00118759-00118863 like that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00538-00118864-00119039 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00539-00119040-00119399 you can't buy coffee but anyways
ibbrfv8wUHI-00540-00119400-00119534 how did you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00541-00119535-00119790 approach that moment or did that just
ibbrfv8wUHI-00542-00119791-00120119 come out of your own experience
ibbrfv8wUHI-00543-00120120-00120223 uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00544-00120224-00120510 no i think it comes
ibbrfv8wUHI-00545-00120511-00120654 it comes from
ibbrfv8wUHI-00546-00120655-00120831 that that's really what we try to do
ibbrfv8wUHI-00547-00120832-00120999 because uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00548-00121000-00121214 what what he's doing right we don't like
ibbrfv8wUHI-00549-00121215-00121399 it like the morality of it is really
ibbrfv8wUHI-00550-00121400-00121527 shocking
ibbrfv8wUHI-00551-00121528-00121695 however we wanted to show in a
ibbrfv8wUHI-00552-00121696-00121966 non-judgmental way how it is to be doing
ibbrfv8wUHI-00553-00121967-00122223 this job so we have to put the audience
ibbrfv8wUHI-00554-00122224-00122319 into
ibbrfv8wUHI-00555-00122320-00122599 into the head of of this traitor and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00556-00122600-00122863 and we and we make him feel which wanted
ibbrfv8wUHI-00557-00122864-00123023 him to feel
ibbrfv8wUHI-00558-00123024-00123207 uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00559-00123208-00123375 yeah what it is to be doing this job i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00560-00123376-00123543 mean you're gambling
ibbrfv8wUHI-00561-00123544-00123783 you're gambling big information
ibbrfv8wUHI-00562-00123783-00123863 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00563-00123864-00124078 so there is a sort of ambi balance i'm
ibbrfv8wUHI-00564-00124079-00124207 not sure if that's the right english
ibbrfv8wUHI-00565-00124208-00124519 word sorry uh like that's right
ibbrfv8wUHI-00566-00124520-00124702 okay that's good
ibbrfv8wUHI-00567-00124703-00125014 so as an audience we're kind of a little
ibbrfv8wUHI-00568-00125015-00125102 bit
ibbrfv8wUHI-00569-00125103-00125319 in between we we kind of see someone who
ibbrfv8wUHI-00570-00125320-00125575 is trying to do his job well
ibbrfv8wUHI-00571-00125576-00125807 and at the same time
ibbrfv8wUHI-00572-00125808-00125966 we are we are wondering like what the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00573-00125967-00126158 hell is he doing like this is this is
ibbrfv8wUHI-00574-00126159-00126383 not correct right but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00575-00126383-00126734 but if you show it in not non-judgmental
ibbrfv8wUHI-00576-00126735-00127023 way like you can feel okay this is what
ibbrfv8wUHI-00577-00127024-00127239 he's doing and you can feel a bit of the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00578-00127240-00127439 thrill and you can feel and maybe you
ibbrfv8wUHI-00579-00127440-00127607 can understand better how it works and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00580-00127608-00127775 you can understand better why those
ibbrfv8wUHI-00581-00127776-00127966 decisions are taking this way and why
ibbrfv8wUHI-00582-00127967-00128183 the word is running the way it is
ibbrfv8wUHI-00583-00128183-00128327 so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00584-00128328-00128478 yeah i'm not sure if i answer your
ibbrfv8wUHI-00585-00128479-00128751 question no you did and you kind of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00586-00128752-00128895 actually in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00587-00128896-00129134 in um a roundabout way answered my
ibbrfv8wUHI-00588-00129135-00129407 follow-up question um because we do
ibbrfv8wUHI-00589-00129408-00129702 start up this short film thinking okay
ibbrfv8wUHI-00590-00129703-00129886 this is a guy who is
ibbrfv8wUHI-00591-00129888-00130127 down and out on his luck he can't even
ibbrfv8wUHI-00592-00130128-00130431 get to work on time he yes he doesn't do
ibbrfv8wUHI-00593-00130432-00130702 this right he's going to lose his job
ibbrfv8wUHI-00594-00130703-00130854 and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00595-00130855-00130983 then it just
ibbrfv8wUHI-00596-00130983-00131183 flips in the middle of the short film
ibbrfv8wUHI-00597-00131184-00131414 and it's just like
ibbrfv8wUHI-00598-00131415-00131543 oh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00599-00131544-00131775 i i've been rooting for a monster and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00600-00131776-00132102 then oh wait but he's also human too
ibbrfv8wUHI-00601-00132103-00132214 it's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00602-00132215-00132431 a very interesting
ibbrfv8wUHI-00603-00132432-00132543 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00604-00132544-00132663 balance
ibbrfv8wUHI-00605-00132664-00132959 one that i i think not even
ibbrfv8wUHI-00606-00132960-00133278 two hour movies get right um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00607-00133279-00133447 like i was watching no time to die and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00608-00133448-00133590 i'm like okay
ibbrfv8wUHI-00609-00133591-00133775 there was a little bit you could have
ibbrfv8wUHI-00610-00133776-00134014 tweaked there to talk more about the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00611-00134015-00134295 human experiences
ibbrfv8wUHI-00612-00134296-00134527 and how that affects the spy
ibbrfv8wUHI-00613-00134528-00134766 like with the m stuff i won't go into
ibbrfv8wUHI-00614-00134767-00134887 spoilers but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00615-00134888-00135054 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00616-00135055-00135319 but yeah i i just
ibbrfv8wUHI-00617-00135320-00135599 it's an amazing script um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00618-00135600-00135847 because it
ibbrfv8wUHI-00619-00135848-00136239 i think the best quote unquote villains
ibbrfv8wUHI-00620-00136240-00136551 uh i wouldn't call this guy a villain i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00621-00136552-00136735 i just think he took advantage of an
ibbrfv8wUHI-00622-00136736-00136935 opportunity he saw
ibbrfv8wUHI-00623-00136936-00137054 we
ibbrfv8wUHI-00624-00137055-00137223 i do it all the time and then i'm like
ibbrfv8wUHI-00625-00137224-00137327 oh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00626-00137328-00137807 crap i i did the wrong thing here but um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00627-00137808-00137975 i think that's what makes this short
ibbrfv8wUHI-00628-00137976-00138183 film so relatable because
ibbrfv8wUHI-00629-00138184-00138407 we we've had
ibbrfv8wUHI-00630-00138408-00138639 a few 9 11 documentaries come out this
ibbrfv8wUHI-00631-00138640-00138871 year um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00632-00138872-00139175 some from the same streamer platform
ibbrfv8wUHI-00633-00139176-00139351 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00634-00139352-00139551 but and i think there might be some
ibbrfv8wUHI-00635-00139552-00139751 aversion to that but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00636-00139752-00139895 i think
ibbrfv8wUHI-00637-00139896-00140159 when you come at it like okay no this
ibbrfv8wUHI-00638-00140160-00140295 isn't
ibbrfv8wUHI-00639-00140296-00140519 just trying to relive these horrific
ibbrfv8wUHI-00640-00140520-00140799 events it's trying to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00641-00140800-00140959 put your
ibbrfv8wUHI-00642-00140960-00141231 mind in the brain of a human who is
ibbrfv8wUHI-00643-00141232-00141390 working that day
ibbrfv8wUHI-00644-00141391-00141551 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00645-00141552-00141695 and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00646-00141696-00141902 you said something about uh everyone
ibbrfv8wUHI-00647-00141903-00142247 knows where we went where we were um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00648-00142248-00142390 during 9 11
ibbrfv8wUHI-00649-00142391-00142590 and literally that is my opening for the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00650-00142591-00142775 review
ibbrfv8wUHI-00651-00142776-00143063 and it's like oh okay i'm gonna
ibbrfv8wUHI-00652-00143064-00143247 keep that um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00653-00143248-00143551 but anyways um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00654-00143552-00143766 yeah i just wanna
ibbrfv8wUHI-00655-00143767-00143854 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00656-00143855-00144063 it's it's such a great short film
ibbrfv8wUHI-00657-00144064-00144283 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00658-00144284-00144711 i'll i have a review coming today uh of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00659-00144712-00144783 it
ibbrfv8wUHI-00660-00144784-00144983 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00661-00144984-00145126 and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00662-00145127-00145263 yeah i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00663-00145264-00145639 it's i believe let me see i think it's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00664-00145640-00145871 showing at a few festivals
ibbrfv8wUHI-00665-00145872-00146023 yes um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00666-00146024-00146214 i can't remember off the top of my head
ibbrfv8wUHI-00667-00146215-00146439 but i know it's for sure
ibbrfv8wUHI-00668-00146440-00146590 showing at that let me see if i can get
ibbrfv8wUHI-00669-00146591-00146863 this right the san jose international
ibbrfv8wUHI-00670-00146864-00147126 shorts don't fuss yes we've had a few
ibbrfv8wUHI-00671-00147127-00147407 already and we have now uh we have san
ibbrfv8wUHI-00672-00147408-00147647 jose we have santa fe as well in the u.s
ibbrfv8wUHI-00673-00147648-00147847 coming a small festival called lake
ibbrfv8wUHI-00674-00147848-00147943 county
ibbrfv8wUHI-00675-00147944-00148166 and maybe next year we have more
ibbrfv8wUHI-00676-00148167-00148326 uh or maybe in december we don't know
ibbrfv8wUHI-00677-00148327-00148463 but you know how you know how the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00678-00148464-00148631 process is you submit to festivals and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00679-00148632-00148871 then you get answers
ibbrfv8wUHI-00680-00148872-00149054 all along the year so you you don't know
ibbrfv8wUHI-00681-00149055-00149214 what's coming in six months but you know
ibbrfv8wUHI-00682-00149215-00149390 what's coming next month
ibbrfv8wUHI-00683-00149391-00149639 well i almost forgot to say
ibbrfv8wUHI-00684-00149640-00149943 2022 oscar eligible
ibbrfv8wUHI-00685-00149944-00150111 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00686-00150112-00150431 i i completely blanked on that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00687-00150432-00150583 but hold on
ibbrfv8wUHI-00688-00150584-00150799 how does that feel
ibbrfv8wUHI-00689-00150800-00150887 i mean
ibbrfv8wUHI-00690-00150888-00151190 that's like one of the highest awards
ibbrfv8wUHI-00691-00151191-00151319 yeah
ibbrfv8wUHI-00692-00151320-00151487 it's uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00693-00151488-00151854 it's uh it's it's interesting because
ibbrfv8wUHI-00694-00151855-00152063 you know the way to the way to be
ibbrfv8wUHI-00695-00152064-00152431 eligible is to win uh is to win one of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00696-00152432-00152687 the big festivals in the world so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00697-00152688-00152766 uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00698-00152767-00152919 honestly uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00699-00152920-00153126 we we we never thought it would happen
ibbrfv8wUHI-00700-00153127-00153311 we never thought we would get an award
ibbrfv8wUHI-00701-00153312-00153551 like this but we we got one almost at
ibbrfv8wUHI-00702-00153552-00153759 the first festival so the other the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00703-00153760-00153935 international premiere was in regard in
ibbrfv8wUHI-00704-00153936-00154054 quebec and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00705-00154055-00154231 and then we learned that we we had won
ibbrfv8wUHI-00706-00154232-00154407 the grand prize
ibbrfv8wUHI-00707-00154408-00154623 and then suddenly like wow you don't
ibbrfv8wUHI-00708-00154624-00154823 know because you know there are five to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00709-00154824-00155135 5 000 to 10 000 short films made every
ibbrfv8wUHI-00710-00155136-00155343 year it's very very hard to think of
ibbrfv8wUHI-00711-00155344-00155478 yourself
ibbrfv8wUHI-00712-00155479-00155807 existing in this in this like uh
ibbrfv8wUHI-00713-00155808-00156302 festivals receive 5 000 films um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00714-00156303-00156502 like to be selected is already a huge
ibbrfv8wUHI-00715-00156503-00156678 victory and then to get to get the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00716-00156679-00156790 prizes
ibbrfv8wUHI-00717-00156791-00157039 it's crazy so i think the first the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00718-00157040-00157183 first few days we just couldn't even
ibbrfv8wUHI-00719-00157184-00157423 believe it you know like wow is it even
ibbrfv8wUHI-00720-00157424-00157607 possible it's happening to us
ibbrfv8wUHI-00721-00157608-00157711 yeah
ibbrfv8wUHI-00722-00157712-00157871 so
ibbrfv8wUHI-00723-00157872-00158007 yeah
ibbrfv8wUHI-00724-00158008-00158239 yeah it's a great film
ibbrfv8wUHI-00725-00158240-00158663 yeah i i couldn't even imagine um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00726-00158664-00158919 but yeah that's gotta be huge um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00727-00158920-00158999 and
ibbrfv8wUHI-00728-00159000-00159223 i i just remembered it was also at holly
ibbrfv8wUHI-00729-00159224-00159326 shorts
ibbrfv8wUHI-00730-00159327-00159607 um yes just a few days ago
ibbrfv8wUHI-00731-00159608-00159831 um which is it was last week or two
ibbrfv8wUHI-00732-00159832-00159999 weeks ago
ibbrfv8wUHI-00733-00160000-00160326 yeah um and that's one of i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00734-00160327-00160543 if i remember from last year that's one
ibbrfv8wUHI-00735-00160544-00160807 of a pretty big festival
ibbrfv8wUHI-00736-00160808-00160919 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00737-00160920-00161102 fact i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00738-00161103-00161423 covered a few shorts out of there um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00739-00161424-00161790 but yeah i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00740-00161791-00162095 i i i just can't even fathom the whole
ibbrfv8wUHI-00741-00162096-00162311 oscar eligible thing like
ibbrfv8wUHI-00742-00162312-00162831 that's nuts and it's also nuts you know
ibbrfv8wUHI-00743-00162832-00162943 just to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00744-00162944-00163126 rant a little bit
ibbrfv8wUHI-00745-00163127-00163302 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00746-00163303-00163607 it's october and then
ibbrfv8wUHI-00747-00163608-00163751 i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00748-00163752-00163999 coverage for award season lasts to like
ibbrfv8wUHI-00749-00164000-00164223 february i just think that's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00750-00164224-00164383 interesting thing
ibbrfv8wUHI-00751-00164384-00164511 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00752-00164512-00164871 because it's like i'm putting out um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00753-00164872-00165119 all the eligible film lists
ibbrfv8wUHI-00754-00165120-00165295 nominations ballots
ibbrfv8wUHI-00755-00165296-00165495 um and all that and i'm like wait it's
ibbrfv8wUHI-00756-00165496-00165735 october what am i doing
ibbrfv8wUHI-00757-00165736-00165911 but like yeah
ibbrfv8wUHI-00758-00165912-00166143 we're only three months away
ibbrfv8wUHI-00759-00166144-00166238 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00760-00166239-00166478 and in those three months i i really
ibbrfv8wUHI-00761-00166479-00166683 hope
ibbrfv8wUHI-00762-00166684-00167126 um this short film gets distributed to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00763-00167127-00167271 um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00764-00167272-00167502 a platform where people will see it on i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00765-00167503-00167663 forget the main one
ibbrfv8wUHI-00766-00167664-00167799 maybe
ibbrfv8wUHI-00767-00167800-00167999 it's not acorn tv
ibbrfv8wUHI-00768-00168000-00168399 um there's a big one maybe topic studios
ibbrfv8wUHI-00769-00168400-00168575 or something like that i'm i'm not
ibbrfv8wUHI-00770-00168576-00168823 exactly sure because being european i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00771-00168824-00169071 i don't know which one it is in the us
ibbrfv8wUHI-00772-00169072-00169287 all distribution channels are different
ibbrfv8wUHI-00773-00169288-00169526 when you go to a different country
ibbrfv8wUHI-00774-00169527-00169854 yeah whichever one does the yearly oscar
ibbrfv8wUHI-00775-00169855-00170047 qualifying shorts ones that's what i'm
ibbrfv8wUHI-00776-00170048-00170166 talking about
ibbrfv8wUHI-00777-00170167-00170359 i'll i'll have that
ibbrfv8wUHI-00778-00170360-00170599 somewhere um but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00779-00170600-00170902 emmanuel it was so nice talking to you i
ibbrfv8wUHI-00780-00170903-00171078 it's great thank you so much
ibbrfv8wUHI-00781-00171079-00171319 it's always great to talk to a filmmaker
ibbrfv8wUHI-00782-00171320-00171471 you know
ibbrfv8wUHI-00783-00171472-00171575 big or
ibbrfv8wUHI-00784-00171576-00171702 or
ibbrfv8wUHI-00785-00171703-00171966 of any size really because
ibbrfv8wUHI-00786-00171967-00172283 i love talking about the craft um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00787-00172284-00172447 especially
ibbrfv8wUHI-00788-00172448-00172599 when it is
ibbrfv8wUHI-00789-00172600-00172831 so focused so singular
ibbrfv8wUHI-00790-00172832-00173063 um as this um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00791-00173064-00173390 and like i said i will have a review um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00792-00173391-00173471 up
ibbrfv8wUHI-00793-00173472-00173711 in the next couple days uh actually no
ibbrfv8wUHI-00794-00173712-00174063 today um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00795-00174064-00174311 my brain's foggy
ibbrfv8wUHI-00796-00174312-00174543 it's full of things but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00797-00174544-00174711 for those watching and listening thank
ibbrfv8wUHI-00798-00174712-00175014 you so much for joining me and emmanuel
ibbrfv8wUHI-00799-00175015-00175223 on this um
ibbrfv8wUHI-00800-00175224-00175575 i you can catch free fall pretty much at
ibbrfv8wUHI-00801-00175576-00175766 i don't want to say every festival but
ibbrfv8wUHI-00802-00175767-00175895 i'll have the
ibbrfv8wUHI-00803-00175896-00176078 festivals it's at
ibbrfv8wUHI-00804-00176079-00176223 with links to
ibbrfv8wUHI-00805-00176224-00176487 the free fall short film page
ibbrfv8wUHI-00806-00176488-00176751 in the description of the youtube
ibbrfv8wUHI-00807-00176752-00176966 uh and podcast link
ibbrfv8wUHI-00808-00176967-00177135 um you just have to scroll down a little
ibbrfv8wUHI-00809-00177136-00177223 bit
ibbrfv8wUHI-00810-00177224-00177463 um but yeah thank you so much again
ibbrfv8wUHI-00811-00177464-00177614 emanuel
ibbrfv8wUHI-00812-00177615-00177831 thank you pleasure
ibbrfv8wUHI-00813-00177832-00180014 a pleasure likewise
ibbrfv8wUHI-00814-00180015-00180224 you
idhXV3ZhpZI-00000-00000816-00001491 yes sir um i'd like to take your
idhXV3ZhpZI-00001-00001492-00001743 statement
idhXV3ZhpZI-00002-00001744-00003062 with me
idhXV3ZhpZI-00003-00003063-00003270 [Music]
idhXV3ZhpZI-00004-00003271-00003590 but sometimes more unexpected sounds
idhXV3ZhpZI-00005-00003592-00004022 grab our attention
idhXV3ZhpZI-00006-00004023-00004327 like this desert rain frog
idhXV3ZhpZI-00007-00004328-00005079 squeaking viral sensation
idhXV3ZhpZI-00008-00005080-00005415 11 million hits and counting it sounds
idhXV3ZhpZI-00009-00005416-00005615 like a dog toy
idhXV3ZhpZI-00010-00005616-00005975 but actually this is the sonorous war
idhXV3ZhpZI-00011-00005976-00006118 cry
idhXV3ZhpZI-00012-00006119-00006743 of a very angry frog
iiBduz1sKco-00000-00000078-00000191 okay
iiBduz1sKco-00001-00000192-00000532 so some people wanted to record me and
iiBduz1sKco-00002-00000533-00000875 that prove that I have zero kills
iiBduz1sKco-00003-00000876-00001145 so one moment we have Charisma marks
iiBduz1sKco-00004-00001146-00001366 persuasional marks this is persuasional
iiBduz1sKco-00005-00001367-00001582 Max because I have portion of persuasion
iiBduz1sKco-00006-00001583-00002081 so it will be Max for final talk
iiBduz1sKco-00007-00002082-00002368 if you want some arbitrary
iiBduz1sKco-00008-00002369-00002663 sheets and here is the book with no
iiBduz1sKco-00009-00002664-00003335 kills
iiBduz1sKco-00010-00003336-00003593 I'm going currently here I have zero
iiBduz1sKco-00011-00003594-00004025 kills which like like I I already showed
iiBduz1sKco-00012-00004026-00004204 you like this is still stainless same
iiBduz1sKco-00013-00004205-00004613 around a zero kids I just
iiBduz1sKco-00014-00004614-00004863 okay this one again
iiBduz1sKco-00015-00004864-00005002 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00016-00005003-00005261 I have to reload because he cannot leave
iiBduz1sKco-00017-00005262-00005615 kergan uh we want to enter this
iiBduz1sKco-00018-00005616-00005897 because it's soft luck
iiBduz1sKco-00019-00005898-00006263 they made a key grid Falcon so make you
iiBduz1sKco-00020-00006264-00006514 be unable to soft lock yourself out of
iiBduz1sKco-00021-00006515-00006725 the game and didn't give players access
iiBduz1sKco-00022-00006726-00006941 to this weapon at all times so if you go
iiBduz1sKco-00023-00006942-00007210 to kergan Fierce and realize you don't
iiBduz1sKco-00024-00007211-00007555 have measure to kill him
iiBduz1sKco-00025-00007556-00007913 uh they probably hope you have a Reload
iiBduz1sKco-00026-00007914-00008195 before you go there I don't know that's
iiBduz1sKco-00027-00008196-00008501 kind of stupid but yeah I'm not a strike
iiBduz1sKco-00028-00008502-00008807 a developer so
iiBduz1sKco-00029-00008808-00009089 I assume a game was probably rushed out
iiBduz1sKco-00030-00009090-00009521 of the door
iiBduz1sKco-00031-00009522-00009992 here is such great publisher
iiBduz1sKco-00032-00009993-00010546 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00033-00010547-00010810 anyway we need to skip here if you feel
iiBduz1sKco-00034-00010811-00011746 like
iiBduz1sKco-00035-00011747-00012076 they're all depends
iiBduz1sKco-00036-00012077-00012702 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00037-00012703-00013419 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00038-00013419-00014593 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00039-00014594-00015786 of course
iiBduz1sKco-00040-00015787-00016122 this prophecy and why not
iiBduz1sKco-00041-00016123-00016711 very well
iiBduz1sKco-00042-00016712-00017686 you shall know
iiBduz1sKco-00043-00017687-00018563 okay yeah so
iiBduz1sKco-00044-00018564-00018793 yeah
iiBduz1sKco-00045-00018794-00018979 very well
iiBduz1sKco-00046-00018980-00019343 thank you for that great Dead Sea and
iiBduz1sKco-00047-00019344-00020975 then you shall know
iiBduz1sKco-00048-00020976-00021449 we might go back to original plan
iiBduz1sKco-00049-00021450-00021900 there's a reason why I'm doing my stuff
iiBduz1sKco-00050-00021901-00022889 that is the reason
iiBduz1sKco-00051-00022890-00024089 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00053-00027413-00028487 foreign
iiBduz1sKco-00054-00028488-00030689 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00055-00030689-00031145 I will let myself get attacking
iiBduz1sKco-00056-00031145-00031373 I don't have Auto attack on because this
iiBduz1sKco-00057-00031374-00031645 is positive because
iiBduz1sKco-00058-00031645-00032081 you don't want to attack people
iiBduz1sKco-00059-00032082-00032327 excluding this guy that is great except
iiBduz1sKco-00060-00032327-00033755 today
iiBduz1sKco-00061-00033756-00035040 foreign
iiBduz1sKco-00062-00035041-00038029 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00063-00038030-00040102 you've done
iiBduz1sKco-00064-00040103-00040349 that was weak that was 25 damage
iiBduz1sKco-00065-00040350-00041551 explosion
iiBduz1sKco-00066-00041552-00041902 that's new
iiBduz1sKco-00067-00041903-00043912 foreign
iiBduz1sKco-00068-00043913-00044202 yeah whatever
iiBduz1sKco-00069-00044203-00044849 is end of uses that's that's normal
iiBduz1sKco-00070-00044850-00045323 we keep holding this plan B idea
iiBduz1sKco-00071-00045324-00045887 and don't worry I kind of used to this
iiBduz1sKco-00072-00045888-00046032 let me just looking
iiBduz1sKco-00073-00046033-00046675 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00074-00046676-00047074 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00075-00047075-00047302 I need to not export myself to that
iiBduz1sKco-00076-00047303-00047689 that's something important
iiBduz1sKco-00077-00047690-00047927 a good thing he deals no damage
iiBduz1sKco-00078-00047928-00048422 otherwise it will be problematic
iiBduz1sKco-00079-00048423-00048568 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00080-00048569-00049379 foreign
iiBduz1sKco-00081-00049380-00049655 okay done so
iiBduz1sKco-00082-00049656-00049879 uh
iiBduz1sKco-00083-00049880-00050230 this is my zero kills wait I will make
iiBduz1sKco-00084-00050231-00050717 better screenshot Maybe
iiBduz1sKco-00085-00050718-00050980 this is my zero keyless right next to
iiBduz1sKco-00086-00050981-00051373 this in The Shield
iiBduz1sKco-00087-00051374-00051694 and this is the device
iiBduz1sKco-00088-00051695-00053179 foreign
iiBduz1sKco-00089-00053179-00054804 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00090-00054805-00056023 [Music]
iiBduz1sKco-00091-00056024-00056332 based on his experiences with the living
iiBduz1sKco-00092-00056333-00056650 one I'm feeling to convince the mayor of
iiBduz1sKco-00093-00056651-00056921 black route to rejoin Cumbria yeah so
iiBduz1sKco-00094-00056922-00057197 that's them count upon return yet after
iiBduz1sKco-00095-00057198-00057316 all of this
iiBduz1sKco-00096-00057317-00057659 kingdom is still what it always was
iiBduz1sKco-00097-00057660-00058073 the place of possibility a place of
iiBduz1sKco-00098-00058074-00058438 change yes one thing is certain
iiBduz1sKco-00099-00058439-00058661 so thanks for watching
iiBduz1sKco-00100-00058662-00059029 um hope that's it
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00000-00000032-00000223 after countless requests to dive into
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00001-00000224-00000423 the operator lore for the modern warfare
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00002-00000424-00000623 operators from season 2 and on
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00003-00000624-00000862 here it is the coalition being one part
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00004-00000863-00001047 of the coin that is armistice is a
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00005-00001048-00001270 multinational alliance that consists of
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00006-00001271-00001343 operators
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00007-00001344-00001623 from western forces like the ses demon
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00008-00001623-00001823 dogs and warcom
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00009-00001823-00002087 in total including the millsim operators
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00010-00002088-00002223 the coalition contains
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00011-00002224-00002526 26 operators however since i already
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00012-00002527-00002750 covered the base and season 1 operators
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00013-00002751-00002791 and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00014-00002792-00003023 i am excluding the milsim operators i'm
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00015-00003024-00003158 covering the upgrades that have been
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00016-00003159-00003270 added from season 2
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00017-00003271-00003631 up until season 6. today i dive deep
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00018-00003632-00003935 into the lore of 4 operators from season
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00019-00003936-00003983 2
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00020-00003984-00004311 and season 3. talon
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00021-00004312-00004631 simon ghost riley alex
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00022-00004632-00004928 and daniel ronin shinoda
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00023-00004929-00005495 [Music]
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00024-00005496-00005718 talon real name unknown is one of the
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00025-00005719-00005838 operators introduced
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00026-00005839-00006086 in season 2 and a canadian special
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00027-00006087-00006206 forces operator
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00028-00006207-00006422 he was raised by a blended first nation
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00029-00006423-00006703 family in ontario central canada
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00030-00006704-00006967 his tattoos mohawk and face paint can be
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00031-00006968-00007127 traced back to his heritage of the
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00032-00007128-00007278 native canadians
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00033-00007279-00007495 his roots return in the names of his
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00034-00007495-00007719 weapons like black bear blood oath and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00035-00007720-00007814 his dog
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00036-00007815-00008039 indiana talon was recommended to join
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00037-00008040-00008271 warcom the global counter-terrorism unit
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00038-00008272-00008383 of the coalition
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00039-00008384-00008542 after serving with sergeant marcus
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00040-00008543-00008710 griggs in urzekstan
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00041-00008711-00008903 he earned a combination in a daring
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00042-00008904-00009023 midnight raid of an
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00043-00009024-00009374 alcatala encampment similar to the other
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00044-00009375-00009535 operators that have been introduced
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00045-00009536-00009719 through the seasons there isn't a secret
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00046-00009720-00009831 operator file
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00047-00009832-00010046 however in the fifth season one of his
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00048-00010047-00010231 operator missions rewards you with a
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00049-00010232-00010431 shadow ops calling card leading me to
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00050-00010432-00010471 believe
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00051-00010472-00010671 that after the events in for dance you
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00052-00010672-00011151 joined up with shadow company
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00053-00011152-00011406 simon ghost riley is a british operator
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00054-00011407-00011646 for the ses that became quite the staple
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00055-00011647-00011887 in the original modern warfare series
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00056-00011888-00012110 he lives with a redacted past and an
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00057-00012111-00012287 undercover presence marked by a
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00058-00012288-00012438 concealed appearance to hide his
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00059-00012439-00012510 identity
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00060-00012511-00012815 and maintain anonymity in the field born
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00061-00012816-00012919 in manchester
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00062-00012919-00013102 simon riley joined the special air
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00063-00013103-00013286 service and spent the majority of his
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00064-00013287-00013351 career
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00065-00013352-00013566 serving numerous short-term deployments
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00066-00013568-00013751 and executing covert assignments in
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00067-00013752-00013911 classified locations
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00068-00013912-00014119 he became an expert in clandestine
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00069-00014119-00014327 tradecraft focused on sabotage
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00070-00014328-00014558 ambushes and infiltrations into denied
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00071-00014559-00014822 areas and hazardous environments
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00072-00014823-00015015 ghosts conceal this identity under a
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00073-00015016-00015175 hallmark skull figured mask
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00074-00015176-00015447 to maintain anonymity in field although
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00075-00015447-00015543 unknown when
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00076-00015544-00015766 and how ghosts at some point worked
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00077-00015768-00015927 together in the same unit as
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00078-00015928-00016183 mace an ex-united states ranger turned
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00079-00016184-00016303 gun for higher
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00080-00016304-00016494 after the destruction of roman barkle's
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00081-00016495-00016727 chlorine gas factory and his respective
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00082-00016728-00016935 death in borjomi georgia
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00083-00016936-00017127 another powerful figure rose to take
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00084-00017128-00017239 barco's place
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00085-00017240-00017494 the ceo of zakai of arms and ultra
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00086-00017495-00017575 nationalist
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00087-00017576-00017847 viktor zakiyah captain john price met
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00088-00017848-00018119 with kate lasswell the cia station chief
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00089-00018120-00018303 expecting an international conflict
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00090-00018304-00018486 price asked for the operator files to
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00091-00018487-00018663 create a task force
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00092-00018664-00018975 the one for one aside from captain price
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00093-00018976-00019191 sergeant kyle guess the eric and john so
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00094-00019192-00019399 mctefish the fourth member mentioned
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00095-00019400-00020214 was ghost
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00096-00020215-00020439 tea yeah well i'm a long way from a
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00097-00020440-00020703 proper pint
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00098-00020704-00020919 russia disowned barkov well i didn't
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00099-00020920-00021071 have much choice did they
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00100-00021072-00021343 he's dead you took a big bite out of
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00101-00021344-00021439 that problem john
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00102-00021440-00022030 for now we're left unchecked it won't be
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00103-00022031-00022207 general shepherd pulled the files you
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00104-00022208-00022614 asked for what exactly is this about
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00105-00022615-00022999 a task force we already have loose ends
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00106-00023000-00023143 then i will tie them
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00107-00023144-00023671 i can fund assets not outlaws
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00108-00023672-00023903 enjoy the tea then sakai have von
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00109-00023904-00024207 sparkov's throne
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00110-00024208-00024407 i almost buried him in pripyat with
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00111-00024408-00024655 macmillan that was the father
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00112-00024656-00025103 this is the son victor lovely family
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00113-00025104-00025342 you're big fans of her tears would
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00114-00025343-00025599 explain why he's still alive
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00115-00025600-00025855 they're gonna get him out they give me
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00116-00025856-00026999 what i need
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00117-00027000-00027358 who's your crew
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00118-00027360-00027831 sergeant gary kyle i call him gaz
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00119-00027832-00028158 he never said anything
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00120-00028160-00028487 john mctavish sas sniper demolitions
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00121-00028488-00028614 goes by so
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00122-00028616-00029014 why it's classified
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00123-00029016-00029631 there he is simon riley
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00124-00029632-00030327 there's no picture never now the rest
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00125-00030327-00030870 that's neat to know unless we got a deal
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00126-00030872-00031235 what are you calling this task force
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00127-00031236-00031558 141.
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00128-00031560-00031807 as time passed zakiyah freed al-assad
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00129-00031808-00031974 from his imprisonment who took up the
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00130-00031975-00032174 mantle of omar the wolf suleiman and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00131-00032175-00032223 founded
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00132-00032224-00032551 al-qatallah or the new killers
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00133-00032552-00032751 with zakiyah's armaments and al-assad's
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00134-00032752-00032951 manpower the pair forged an alliance and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00135-00032952-00033135 launched a full-scale assault
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00136-00033136-00033487 against the capital of custodia ordansk
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00137-00033488-00033702 after the collaboration of coalition and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00138-00033703-00033815 allegiance called
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00139-00033816-00034079 armistice or arm4 put a stop to al-assad
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00140-00034080-00034199 and zakaya's plans
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00141-00034200-00034423 al-assad showed off his true plan as he
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00142-00034424-00034583 pulled out his troops and deployed
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00143-00034584-00034807 massive chlorine gas clouds that would
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00144-00034808-00035135 slowly close in on verdanz
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00145-00035136-00035295 after being teased with his appearance
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00146-00035296-00035439 showing on the tanto building in
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00147-00035440-00035551 piccadilly circles
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00148-00035552-00035743 london and the television screens across
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00149-00035744-00035918 the multiplayer maps ghost was
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00150-00035919-00036111 introduced in season 2.
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00151-00036112-00036374 similar to the other arm4 operators he
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00152-00036375-00036574 was deployed in verdansk and found a
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00153-00036575-00036774 coalition operator shot by one of their
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00154-00036775-00036807 own
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00155-00036808-00036967 in order to investigate this new
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00156-00036968-00037883 development he needed trustworthy
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00157-00037884-00039283 operators
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00158-00039284-00040118 ah
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00159-00040119-00040415 target down gas is closing in we need to
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00160-00040416-00043135 exfil now
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00161-00043136-00043518 price something's wrong in verdansk
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00162-00043519-00043751 they're targeting their own we need to
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00163-00043752-00043958 find out why
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00164-00043959-00045133 send fighters i can trust goes down
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00165-00045134-00046214 [Music]
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00166-00046215-00046655 [Music]
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00167-00046656-00046839 a ghost with assistance from us through
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00168-00046840-00046974 the ghost's season 4
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00169-00046975-00047167 fractured intel missions in warzone
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00170-00047168-00047351 gathered intel relating to the airport
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00171-00047352-00047423 detected
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00172-00047424-00047630 occurred during alcatel's invasion of
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00173-00047631-00047799 dance investigating the first
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00174-00047800-00048135 piece of intel at the bch4 tv station it
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00175-00048136-00048351 shows a text log issuing a state of
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00176-00048352-00048607 emergency advising citizens of verdance
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00177-00048608-00048807 to leave the city and meet an armed
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00178-00048808-00049102 escort at gate b23
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00179-00049103-00049343 upon searching gate b-23 at the airport
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00180-00049344-00049455 another piece of intel
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00181-00049456-00049639 shows communications when dark in the
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00182-00049640-00049830 air traffic control tower
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00183-00049831-00050055 following intel suggests loss of contact
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00184-00050056-00050158 with the plane over
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00185-00050159-00050407 arklov peak upon reaching the mountain
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00186-00050408-00050535 it appears the plane with all its
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00187-00050536-00050711 passengers aboard crashed into the
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00188-00050712-00050815 mountainside
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00189-00050816-00050967 the flight recorder lock found on
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00190-00050968-00051135 location backs this up
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00191-00051136-00051342 pointing to the arklov peak military
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00192-00051344-00051463 base it turns out
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00193-00051464-00051663 alcatala took control of the base and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00194-00051664-00051879 shut down any leaving planes
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00195-00051879-00052119 al-assad and zakia's master plan to
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00196-00052120-00052311 break the already fragile alliance
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00197-00052312-00052407 between russia
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00198-00052408-00052654 and the west was a success as arm4
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00199-00052655-00052830 disbanded and started fighting amongst
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00200-00052832-00052935 themselves
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00201-00052936-00053150 after escaping for dance ghost getting
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00202-00053151-00053350 briefed on the situation by price
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00203-00053351-00053607 infiltrates the oil yard in rust located
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00204-00053608-00053791 most likely in georgia and as he is
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00205-00053791-00053950 ready to take out the russian guards he
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00206-00053951-00054150 is reinforced by none other than
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00207-00054151-00054382 alex although price must have known alex
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00208-00054383-00054479 didn't lose his life
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00209-00054479-00054759 it seems ghost was kept in the dark in
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00210-00054760-00054799 season
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00211-00054800-00055047 6 and the mission intel secret trails
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00212-00055048-00055150 that comes with it
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00213-00055151-00055319 ghost with the intel from price
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00214-00055320-00055519 investigates what zakayav is moving
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00215-00055520-00055615 through the tunnels
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00216-00055616-00055807 the intel suggests the metro system that
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00217-00055808-00055991 is taking material underground could
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00218-00055991-00056175 have tripped alarms at the barquet
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00219-00056176-00056382 shopping metro upon collecting a loo
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00220-00056383-00056566 lead at barricade shopping
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00221-00056567-00056807 it seems zakayev is moving radiological
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00222-00056808-00056999 material to the fredansk center the
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00223-00057000-00057294 metro stop of the fredansk stadium
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00224-00057295-00057471 a note confirms the existence of
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00225-00057472-00057615 radiological material
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00226-00057616-00057879 and redirects to room 301 in infradance
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00227-00057879-00057959 hospital
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00228-00057960-00058182 a container containing a piece of paper
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00229-00058183-00058326 with a note on it
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00230-00058327-00058575 the code when applied to the map refers
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00231-00058576-00058671 to age
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00232-00058672-00058935 6 on the finance map or crafting
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00233-00058936-00059047 farmland
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00234-00059048-00059287 one of the farms contains a locked door
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00235-00059288-00059471 upon entering the code the door
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00236-00059472-00059647 opens and in the hidden room a
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00237-00059648-00059807 transcript is found
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00238-00059808-00060007 the transcript reads a conversation
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00239-00060008-00060230 between zacchaeus and perseus
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00240-00060232-00060399 the russian spy from call of duty black
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00241-00060400-00060550 hope's cold war the two
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00242-00060551-00060775 although communicating encoded magic are
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00243-00060776-00060942 hinting towards a weapon that can be
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00244-00060944-00061135 used against the west hoodie snakes are
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00245-00061136-00061254 in this coded message
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00246-00061255-00061447 is unknown although possible that
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00247-00061448-00061679 perseus is alive in 2020 it's unknown
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00248-00061679-00061759 how exactly
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00249-00061760-00061999 mono warfare and cold war will tie
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00250-00062000-00062119 together
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00251-00062120-00062319 the key contained in the transcript is
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00252-00062320-00062487 able to be used for one of the deposit
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00253-00062488-00062663 boxes in the bank of her dance which
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00254-00062664-00062879 holds a photo of a weaponized nuclear
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00255-00062879-00063054 bomb in bunker 11.
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00256-00063055-00063247 something big is about to happen but
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00257-00063248-00063430 details surrounding the story of warzone
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00258-00063432-00063615 and cold war are for another video and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00259-00063616-00063726 that's where the ghost's
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00260-00063727-00064775 story ends
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00261-00064776-00065182 simon right can you talk
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00262-00065183-00065743 i can listen surprise plan is working
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00263-00065744-00066926 the armistice
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00264-00066927-00067093 your
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00265-00067094-00067359 [Music]
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00266-00067360-00068887 they position be good they are echo 31
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00267-00068888-00069079 reporting for duty
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00268-00069080-00069479 alex thought you were dead
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00269-00069480-00069903 still standing for a gunfight
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00270-00069904-00070469 let's get evil
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00271-00070470-00070815 [Music]
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00272-00070816-00071071 echo 3-1 better known under his code
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00273-00071072-00071167 name alex
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00274-00071168-00071375 is as most of you will know a former
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00275-00071376-00071567 operative for the special activities
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00276-00071568-00071703 division or sad
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00277-00071704-00071999 of the cia his uniform however bears an
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00278-00072000-00072262 insignia that resembles starscorp 141
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00279-00072263-00072559 even before it was created not much is
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00280-00072560-00072791 known about alex's early life or history
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00281-00072792-00072959 other than that he served in the delta
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00282-00072960-00072999 force
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00283-00073000-00073191 before surrendering his former rank and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00284-00073192-00073382 history of special ops military service
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00285-00073383-00073671 to the sad in 2013
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00286-00073672-00073903 during the six years after alex lived a
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00287-00073904-00074111 series of assumed identities to achieve
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00288-00074112-00074319 sensitive objectives where he was needed
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00289-00074320-00074550 often operating autonomously training
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00290-00074551-00074631 advising and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00291-00074632-00074855 arming allies to act as interpreters
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00292-00074856-00075047 pathfinders and soldiers
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00293-00075048-00075255 he valued direct contact with local
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00294-00075256-00075415 militias where he can track both
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00295-00075416-00075631 allied and enemy intentions to help
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00296-00075632-00075847 advise appropriate action
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00297-00075848-00076043 his mission profiles include a
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00298-00076044-00076175 counter-insurgency
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00299-00076176-00076406 special reconnaissance counter-terrorism
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00300-00076407-00076535 information warfare
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00301-00076536-00076743 and anti-proliferation of weapons of
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00302-00076744-00076879 mass destruction
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00303-00076880-00077103 the tools of his trade were laptops
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00304-00077104-00077206 light machine guns
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00305-00077207-00077415 set phones and rocket-equipped combat
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00306-00077416-00077519 drones
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00307-00077520-00077694 he also let small teams train to
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00308-00077695-00077879 infiltrate enemy lines and survive
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00309-00077880-00078094 inhospitable conditions in hostile
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00310-00078095-00078215 locations
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00311-00078216-00078471 through 2017 alex and his team played
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00312-00078472-00078647 key roles in ensuring definitive
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00313-00078648-00078750 victories against
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00314-00078751-00079015 emerging terrorist networks as the sad
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00315-00079016-00079199 is permitted to execute missions against
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00316-00079200-00079375 enemies of the state without consulting
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00317-00079376-00079543 the pentagon or white house
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00318-00079544-00079735 alex has been involved in multiple
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00319-00079736-00079982 actions to assassinate enemy leadership
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00320-00079983-00080126 starting october 24
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00321-00080127-00080367 2019 alex would start his involvement in
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00322-00080368-00080494 the war on terror
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00323-00080495-00080759 against alcatale and barkov on november
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00324-00080760-00080815 3rd
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00325-00080816-00081103 2019 alongside the uztani liberation
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00326-00081104-00081223 force or ulf
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00327-00081224-00081382 pharah prize and garrick he would
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00328-00081383-00081575 assault barco's factory and destroy its
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00329-00081576-00081775 furnace from the inside
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00330-00081776-00081967 however as the detonator was destroyed
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00331-00081968-00082103 there was no other option than
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00332-00082104-00082271 sacrificing himself by rigging the
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00333-00082272-00082494 furnace from the inside
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00334-00082495-00082687 after pharah killed barkov she gave the
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00335-00082688-00082894 go-ahead sign and alex detonated the
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00336-00082895-00083167 charges and blew up the entire facility
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00337-00083168-00083399 seemingly killing him in the process
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00338-00083400-00083606 although unknown how alex managed to
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00339-00083607-00083815 survive the explosion he did not walk
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00340-00083816-00083967 away unskated
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00341-00083968-00084135 he lost his left leg but that didn't
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00342-00084136-00084318 stop him replacing it with a prosthetic
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00343-00084319-00084350 limb
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00344-00084351-00084526 seemingly the only person knowing he was
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00345-00084527-00084694 alive was price
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00346-00084695-00084879 he was charged with desertion after
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00347-00084880-00085079 defying his orders and he remained in
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00348-00085080-00085271 hiding for five months until price
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00349-00085272-00085550 recalled him to duty in march 2020.
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00350-00085551-00085726 he might be classified in a warcraft
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00351-00085727-00085918 unit but he is a free agent
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00352-00085919-00086175 untied to any organization to prevent
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00353-00086176-00086391 his arrest he keeps his identity unknown
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00354-00086392-00086535 with the hard-wired skin
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00355-00086536-00086711 however when he is among trusted
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00356-00086712-00086871 colleagues as he is when he assists
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00357-00086872-00087038 ghost he will suit up into something
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00358-00087039-00087159 more comfortable
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00359-00087160-00087350 other than this his role in the conflict
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00360-00087351-00087903 in for dance is unknown
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00361-00087904-00088167 daniel ronin shinoda a japanese american
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00362-00088168-00088223 citizen
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00363-00088224-00088406 is an ex-special forces operator
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00364-00088407-00088535 recruited by warcom
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00365-00088536-00088767 and is widely known as the one-man army
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00366-00088768-00088950 a saboteur and master of multiple
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00367-00088951-00089062 fighting systems
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00368-00089063-00089287 proficient in unconventional warfare
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00369-00089288-00089479 foreign internal defense
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00370-00089480-00089671 a special reconnaissance he truly lives
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00371-00089672-00089831 up to his name
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00372-00089832-00090023 although he is an american operator his
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00373-00090024-00090279 name a ronin or wandering samurai with
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00374-00090280-00090359 no lord or
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00375-00090360-00090638 master as well as urazumi or japanese
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00376-00090639-00090823 tattoos refer to his heritage
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00377-00090824-00091159 of feudal japan
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00378-00091160-00091382 thank you guys very much for watching
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00379-00091383-00091575 the creation of these videos is very
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00380-00091576-00091671 time consuming
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00381-00091672-00091838 from writing the script to designing the
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00382-00091839-00092038 motion graphics if you like these type
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00383-00092039-00092199 of videos and want to support me in
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00384-00092200-00092382 continuing creating there are several
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00385-00092383-00092494 things you can do
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00386-00092495-00092671 liking or disliking depending on what
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00387-00092672-00092838 you thought of the video other than
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00388-00092839-00093006 views this shows me how much you like
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00389-00093007-00093159 the content i put out
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00390-00093160-00093367 subscribing reinforces your support and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00391-00093368-00093582 shows me you want more videos
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00392-00093583-00093791 leaving interactive comments or feedback
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00393-00093792-00093950 reminds me how i'm not just doing it for
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00394-00093951-00093999 myself
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00395-00094000-00094247 it shows how i can improve and the last
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00396-00094248-00094447 way to support me is to join the channel
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00397-00094448-00094591 and become a member for one
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00398-00094592-00094887 five or ten dollars a month in return
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00399-00094888-00095103 you will unlock exclusive rewards such
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00400-00095104-00095294 as digital lore items and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00401-00095295-00095535 exclusive posts or perhaps unique ideas
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00402-00095536-00095655 you can implement
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00403-00095656-00095806 the more support i gain the more time
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00404-00095807-00096023 and energy i can invest in youtube and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00405-00096024-00096215 in turn this will result in more
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00406-00096216-00096335 frequent uploads and
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00407-00096336-00096543 higher quality content whatever you
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00408-00096544-00096782 decide to do i'll be here because i like
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00409-00096783-00096918 what i do
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00410-00096919-00099215 thanks again for watching peace out
ikmNg9Ef1o0-00411-00099216-00099424 you
ikGsKLJak2k-00000-00000039-00000375 hey this is a huge thank you to scott
ikGsKLJak2k-00001-00000376-00000471 from
ikGsKLJak2k-00002-00000472-00000839 stacy secrets he was able to
ikGsKLJak2k-00003-00000840-00001135 really help me with my marketing of a
ikGsKLJak2k-00004-00001136-00001550 new digital product that i have um i had
ikGsKLJak2k-00005-00001551-00001791 some pieces of the funnel
ikGsKLJak2k-00006-00001792-00002102 built um but really needed someone with
ikGsKLJak2k-00007-00002103-00002407 the technical know-how um
ikGsKLJak2k-00008-00002408-00002687 and the strategy and business know-how
ikGsKLJak2k-00009-00002688-00002983 to piece it all together and make it
ikGsKLJak2k-00010-00002984-00003286 function and make it work so now we have
ikGsKLJak2k-00011-00003288-00003543 up our webinar
ikGsKLJak2k-00012-00003544-00003783 that leads to
ikGsKLJak2k-00013-00003784-00003999 the whole email campaign
ikGsKLJak2k-00014-00004000-00004254 including
ikGsKLJak2k-00015-00004255-00004495 my digital course and hopefully
ikGsKLJak2k-00016-00004496-00004775 uh we make lots of sales i wouldn't have
ikGsKLJak2k-00017-00004776-00004975 been able to do it without you scott
ikGsKLJak2k-00018-00004976-00005191 you're such a pleasure to work with as
ikGsKLJak2k-00019-00005192-00005359 well just
ikGsKLJak2k-00020-00005360-00005583 uh great communication excellent
ikGsKLJak2k-00021-00005584-00005927 high-level communication actually
ikGsKLJak2k-00022-00005928-00006022 and
ikGsKLJak2k-00023-00006023-00006279 i would work with you again in a second
ikGsKLJak2k-00024-00006280-00006399 in fact
ikGsKLJak2k-00025-00006400-00006804 i'm going to be calling you shortly
ilaMqF_M-SA-00000-00000143-00001342 wow
ilaMqF_M-SA-00001-00001343-00001353 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00002-00001354-00002443 [Applause]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00003-00002444-00002663 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00004-00002664-00002976 rise
ilaMqF_M-SA-00005-00002977-00003697 [Applause]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00006-00003697-00004506 do you wanna feel what I feel
ilaMqF_M-SA-00007-00004507-00004991 when you step away from your Shadow to
ilaMqF_M-SA-00008-00004992-00005122 you
ilaMqF_M-SA-00009-00005123-00005299 deep
ilaMqF_M-SA-00010-00005300-00005627 the sun will rise again
ilaMqF_M-SA-00011-00005628-00006070 for a new day
ilaMqF_M-SA-00012-00006071-00006241 breakfast
ilaMqF_M-SA-00013-00006242-00006809 with eggs it's insane
ilaMqF_M-SA-00014-00006809-00007505 how ambiguous
ilaMqF_M-SA-00015-00007506-00007664 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00016-00007665-00007819 [Applause]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00017-00007820-00008034 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00018-00008036-00008426 we're just passing through
ilaMqF_M-SA-00019-00008427-00008603 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00020-00008604-00009378 eternal love
ilaMqF_M-SA-00021-00009379-00009574 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00022-00009575-00009757 me
ilaMqF_M-SA-00023-00009758-00010760 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00024-00010761-00011199 [Applause]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00025-00011200-00011785 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00026-00011786-00013252 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00027-00013253-00013488 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00028-00013490-00014172 so do you wanna see what I see
ilaMqF_M-SA-00029-00014173-00014834 it just close your eyes
ilaMqF_M-SA-00030-00014835-00015449 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00031-00015450-00015821 be for the for the last time
ilaMqF_M-SA-00032-00015822-00016208 I'm a circus and a tree
ilaMqF_M-SA-00033-00016209-00016621 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00034-00016622-00017734 how mysterious
ilaMqF_M-SA-00035-00017735-00017834 [Applause]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00036-00017835-00018550 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00037-00018551-00019080 attention
ilaMqF_M-SA-00038-00019081-00019489 do you know my name
ilaMqF_M-SA-00039-00019490-00020497 do you care
ilaMqF_M-SA-00040-00020498-00020983 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00041-00020984-00023569 [Applause]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00042-00023570-00024262 oh before you go
ilaMqF_M-SA-00043-00024263-00024361 [Applause]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00044-00024362-00024721 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00045-00024722-00025274 this is
ilaMqF_M-SA-00046-00025275-00025988 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00047-00025989-00027618 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00048-00027619-00027911 more than what we ask
ilaMqF_M-SA-00049-00027912-00028014 Ed
ilaMqF_M-SA-00050-00028016-00029617 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00051-00029618-00030023 we are more than we can handle
ilaMqF_M-SA-00052-00030024-00030307 [Music]
ilaMqF_M-SA-00053-00030308-00030564 do you wanna feel
ilaMqF_M-SA-00054-00030566-00031043 what I feel
ilaMqF_M-SA-00055-00031044-00031344 foreign
inb3_REojoy-00000-00000055-00000412 sonic runners was a 2015 side-scrolling
inb3_REojoy-00001-00000413-00000663 endless running video game in the Sonic
inb3_REojoy-00002-00000664-00000891 the Hedgehog franchise for Android and
inb3_REojoy-00003-00000892-00001297 iOS it was developed by Sonic team as
inb3_REojoy-00004-00001298-00001527 its first Sonic game exclusive to
inb3_REojoy-00005-00001528-00001823 smartphones and published by Sega in
inb3_REojoy-00006-00001825-00002098 Sonic runners the player character
inb3_REojoy-00007-00002099-00002326 constantly ran forward and players
inb3_REojoy-00008-00002327-00002509 controlled they're jumping using the
inb3_REojoy-00009-00002510-00002821 touchscreen the game featured a wide
inb3_REojoy-00010-00002822-00003067 variety of playable characters from the
inb3_REojoy-00011-00003068-00003313 Sonic series and was free to play and
inb3_REojoy-00012-00003314-00003723 received periodic updates development
inb3_REojoy-00013-00003724-00004047 began in late 2013 and lasted a year and
inb3_REojoy-00014-00004048-00004148 a half
inb3_REojoy-00015-00004149-00004456 sonic team sought to take advantage of
inb3_REojoy-00016-00004457-00004684 the uses of smartphones and built the
inb3_REojoy-00017-00004685-00004925 game using the Unity game engine
inb3_REojoy-00018-00004926-00005245 they designed sonic runners to have more
inb3_REojoy-00019-00005246-00005479 replay value than other endless running
inb3_REojoy-00020-00005480-00005809 games the game was soft launched in
inb3_REojoy-00021-00005810-00006189 select regions On February 25th 2015 and
inb3_REojoy-00022-00006190-00006395 officially released worldwide on June
inb3_REojoy-00023-00006396-00006808 25th it failed commercially and received
inb3_REojoy-00024-00006809-00007048 mixed reviews although critics praised
inb3_REojoy-00025-00007048-00007296 its gameplay they disliked the amount of
inb3_REojoy-00026-00007297-00007685 pop-up ads and pay-to-play elements Sega
inb3_REojoy-00027-00007686-00008031 discontinued the game in July 2016 a
inb3_REojoy-00028-00008031-00008331 sequel Sonic runner's adventure was
inb3_REojoy-00029-00008332-00009144 released by Gameloft in 2017
inb3_REojoy-00030-00009145-00009689 topic gameplay
inb3_REojoy-00031-00009690-00009929 sonic runners was a free-to-play
inb3_REojoy-00032-00009930-00010172 side-scrolling video game in which the
inb3_REojoy-00033-00010173-00010382 player character was constantly running
inb3_REojoy-00034-00010383-00010742 forward to avoid obstacles and defeat
inb3_REojoy-00035-00010743-00010973 enemies the character jumped when the
inb3_REojoy-00036-00010974-00011270 player tapped the touchscreen the game
inb3_REojoy-00037-00011271-00011510 featured a wide variety of playable
inb3_REojoy-00038-00011511-00011729 characters from the cast of the sonic
inb3_REojoy-00039-00011730-00011972 franchise with unique abilities such as
inb3_REojoy-00040-00011973-00012325 Sonic the Hedgehog miles tails Prower
inb3_REojoy-00041-00012326-00012656 and Knuckles the Echidna the player
inb3_REojoy-00042-00012657-00012890 started as Sonic and would unlock more
inb3_REojoy-00043-00012891-00013219 characters as they progressed Sonic
inb3_REojoy-00044-00013221-00013493 runners received periodic updates which
inb3_REojoy-00045-00013494-00013706 often included new characters for
inb3_REojoy-00046-00013707-00014015 example classic sonic from Sonic
inb3_REojoy-00047-00014016-00014387 Generations was added on June 26th 2015
inb3_REojoy-00048-00014388-00014669 to celebrate the 24th anniversary of the
inb3_REojoy-00049-00014669-00014906 original Sonic the Hedgehog the goal was
inb3_REojoy-00050-00014907-00015143 to obtain high scores by running for as
inb3_REojoy-00051-00015144-00015431 long as possible while running the
inb3_REojoy-00052-00015432-00015662 player ran through vertical loops and
inb3_REojoy-00053-00015663-00015887 jumped in cannons and on spring boards
inb3_REojoy-00054-00015888-00016235 and platforms they collected power-ups
inb3_REojoy-00055-00016236-00016538 like invincibility wisps rings and
inb3_REojoy-00056-00016539-00016871 crystals wisps granted the player
inb3_REojoy-00057-00016872-00017126 temporary powers rings protected them
inb3_REojoy-00058-00017127-00017372 from getting hit by enemies or obstacles
inb3_REojoy-00059-00017373-00017708 and crystals increased the score when
inb3_REojoy-00060-00017709-00017939 the player passed a checkpoint the rings
inb3_REojoy-00061-00017940-00018113 were banked and added to their overall
inb3_REojoy-00062-00018114-00018397 score the player would occasionally
inb3_REojoy-00063-00018398-00018683 engage in boss fights with dr. Eggman
inb3_REojoy-00064-00018684-00018928 who would drop objects to stop them
inb3_REojoy-00065-00018929-00019259 after Eggman was defeated the difficulty
inb3_REojoy-00066-00019260-00019532 would increase the game ended when the
inb3_REojoy-00067-00019533-00019778 player was hit without any rings or fell
inb3_REojoy-00068-00019779-00020122 in a bottomless pit by leveling up the
inb3_REojoy-00069-00020123-00020267 player could improve their performance
inb3_REojoy-00070-00020268-00020618 during a run they could also equip a
inb3_REojoy-00071-00020619-00020810 companion who would assist them by
inb3_REojoy-00072-00020811-00021062 increasing their statistics such as Chao
inb3_REojoy-00073-00021063-00021284 the story followed an episodic format
inb3_REojoy-00074-00021285-00021590 and primarily served as a tutorial that
inb3_REojoy-00075-00021591-00021815 provided information on how to play the
inb3_REojoy-00076-00021816-00022082 game players progressed through the
inb3_REojoy-00077-00022083-00022343 game's main story mode by collecting
inb3_REojoy-00078-00022344-00022541 enough points to progress along the
inb3_REojoy-00079-00022542-00022850 world map each section either gave a
inb3_REojoy-00080-00022851-00023050 reward such as bonus
inb3_REojoy-00081-00023051-00023291 or unlocked special missions such as
inb3_REojoy-00082-00023292-00023659 bossfights the story was told through
inb3_REojoy-00083-00023660-00023888 text-based cutscenes although players
inb3_REojoy-00084-00023889-00024233 could skip them Sonic runners featured
inb3_REojoy-00085-00024234-00024503 two types of in-game currency red rings
inb3_REojoy-00086-00024504-00024869 and regular rings red rings were used to
inb3_REojoy-00087-00024870-00025105 resume play after dying and could either
inb3_REojoy-00088-00025106-00025309 be earned or obtained through in-app
inb3_REojoy-00089-00025310-00025652 purchases rings could be used to either
inb3_REojoy-00090-00025652-00025955 buy single-use items or power-ups for a
inb3_REojoy-00091-00025956-00026186 run or increase the effectiveness of
inb3_REojoy-00092-00026187-00026564 certain items everyday players logged in
inb3_REojoy-00093-00026564-00026743 they would get to spin a roulette wheel
inb3_REojoy-00094-00026744-00027139 to earn prizes like companions landing
inb3_REojoy-00095-00027141-00027623 on spaces marked big or super would
inb3_REojoy-00096-00027624-00027820 upgrade the wheel to include better
inb3_REojoy-00097-00027822-00028312 prizes players could also buy spins
inb3_REojoy-00098-00028313-00028621 topic development longtime Sonic series
inb3_REojoy-00099-00028622-00028889 developer sonic team created Sonic
inb3_REojoy-00100-00028889-00029279 runners for Android and iOS the game was
inb3_REojoy-00101-00029280-00029564 Sonic teams first Sonic game exclusive
inb3_REojoy-00102-00029564-00029885 to smartphones it was developed over the
inb3_REojoy-00103-00029886-00030110 course of a year-and-a-half using the
inb3_REojoy-00104-00030111-00030493 Unity game engine series veteran Takashi
inb3_REojoy-00105-00030494-00030761 Iizuka who designed sonic the hedgehog 3
inb3_REojoy-00106-00030762-00031025 sonic and knuckles and nights into
inb3_REojoy-00107-00031026-00031286 dreams and directed Sonic Adventure and
inb3_REojoy-00108-00031287-00031693 Sonic Adventure 2 served as producer the
inb3_REojoy-00109-00031694-00031949 game's existence came to light in July
inb3_REojoy-00110-00031950-00032285 2014 after publisher Sega registered the
inb3_REojoy-00111-00032286-00032681 domain name Sony Cronus calm azúcar
inb3_REojoy-00112-00032682-00032921 confirmed the game was real at the Tokyo
inb3_REojoy-00113-00032922-00033193 joy palace convention on December 28
inb3_REojoy-00114-00033194-00033446 2014 and announced that it would launch
inb3_REojoy-00115-00033447-00033833 in 2015 a teaser trailer and more
inb3_REojoy-00116-00033834-00034085 details were revealed in early February
inb3_REojoy-00117-00034086-00034237 2015
inb3_REojoy-00118-00034238-00034526 Sega soft launched sonic runners in
inb3_REojoy-00119-00034527-00034927 Canada and Japan on February 26 2015 4
inb3_REojoy-00120-00034928-00035168 testing purposes and released the final
inb3_REojoy-00121-00035169-00035539 version worldwide on June 25th 2015 the
inb3_REojoy-00122-00035540-00035756 game was conceived after the release of
inb3_REojoy-00123-00035757-00036137 Sonic the Hedgehog 4 while Sonic 4 was
inb3_REojoy-00124-00036138-00036358 released for smartphones it had been
inb3_REojoy-00125-00036359-00036431 designed
inb3_REojoy-00126-00036432-00036803 home consoles Sonic Team wanted to take
inb3_REojoy-00127-00036804-00037079 advantage of the unique experiences and
inb3_REojoy-00128-00037080-00037313 uses smartphones provided and were
inb3_REojoy-00129-00037314-00037505 particularly interested in adding
inb3_REojoy-00130-00037506-00037706 content regularly to keep users
inb3_REojoy-00131-00037707-00038036 interested development began in late
inb3_REojoy-00132-00038037-00038327 2013 with a 10-person team which
inb3_REojoy-00133-00038328-00038681 expanded as the game progressed Sonic
inb3_REojoy-00134-00038682-00038906 runners was designed to be easy to pick
inb3_REojoy-00135-00038907-00039134 up and to resemble the Sega Genesis
inb3_REojoy-00136-00039135-00039395 Sonic games with a focus on action and
inb3_REojoy-00137-00039396-00039698 jumping it was also designed to have
inb3_REojoy-00138-00039699-00039995 replay value with its story mode various
inb3_REojoy-00139-00039996-00040265 missions alternate paths in levels and
inb3_REojoy-00140-00040266-00040538 power-ups which Sonic Team felt was
inb3_REojoy-00141-00040539-00040739 something most endless running games
inb3_REojoy-00142-00040740-00041090 lacked originally Chow was the only
inb3_REojoy-00143-00041091-00041321 character who assisted the player but
inb3_REojoy-00144-00041322-00041552 Sonic team decided to add characters
inb3_REojoy-00145-00041553-00041780 like chip from Sonic Unleashed because
inb3_REojoy-00146-00041781-00042101 they wanted to surprise players one of
inb3_REojoy-00147-00042102-00042338 the biggest challenges Sonic team faced
inb3_REojoy-00148-00042339-00042569 during development was making sure the
inb3_REojoy-00149-00042570-00042821 visual quality was consistent across all
inb3_REojoy-00150-00042822-00043112 platforms veteran sonic sound director
inb3_REojoy-00151-00043113-00043337 Tom ware itani composed the sonic
inb3_REojoy-00152-00043338-00043556 runners soundtrack which consists of
inb3_REojoy-00153-00043557-00043802 themes from past games alongside new
inb3_REojoy-00154-00043803-00044171 material Otani made the music using the
inb3_REojoy-00155-00044172-00044375 same methods he used for scoring
inb3_REojoy-00156-00044376-00044762 previous Sonic games the instruments he
inb3_REojoy-00157-00044763-00045038 used were drums bass guitar and piano
inb3_REojoy-00158-00045039-00045311 and he made the music by focusing on
inb3_REojoy-00159-00045312-00045605 creating a catchy band sound Otani said
inb3_REojoy-00160-00045606-00045848 composing the soundtrack was fun because
inb3_REojoy-00161-00045849-00046058 it reminded him of his first work in
inb3_REojoy-00162-00046059-00046436 bands a two-volume soundtrack sonic
inb3_REojoy-00163-00046437-00046649 runners original soundtrack was released
inb3_REojoy-00164-00046650-00047036 digitally via iTunes the first volume
inb3_REojoy-00165-00047037-00047402 was released on June 24 2015 and the
inb3_REojoy-00166-00047403-00047639 second volume was released on December
inb3_REojoy-00167-00047640-00048122 25th 2015 the game's tracks can also be
inb3_REojoy-00168-00048123-00048770 purchased individually
inb3_REojoy-00169-00048771-00049337 topic reception
inb3_REojoy-00170-00049338-00049565 when Sonic runners was announced
inb3_REojoy-00171-00049566-00049793 Nintendo Life uttered disapproval that
inb3_REojoy-00172-00049794-00049964 it would not be released on wii u
inb3_REojoy-00173-00049965-00050264 Destructoid opined that while it's tough
inb3_REojoy-00174-00050265-00050528 to imagine Sonic fans getting too
inb3_REojoy-00175-00050529-00050897 excited about runners its future alga
inb3_REojoy-00176-00050898-00051083 dwell after the critical panning of
inb3_REojoy-00177-00051084-00051346 sonic boom rise of lyric and sonic boom
inb3_REojoy-00178-00051347-00051671 shattered crystal reviewing the soft
inb3_REojoy-00179-00051672-00051929 launched version hardcore gamer believed
inb3_REojoy-00180-00051929-00052191 it was the best Sonic game in years
inb3_REojoy-00181-00052192-00052402 although critical of the game's
inb3_REojoy-00182-00052403-00052694 excessive amount of popup ads they felt
inb3_REojoy-00183-00052695-00052913 it was focused exhilarating and
inb3_REojoy-00184-00052914-00053177 corrected many problems present in Prior
inb3_REojoy-00185-00053178-00053479 games and described it as everything
inb3_REojoy-00186-00053480-00053828 Sonic should be - shark aid praised its
inb3_REojoy-00187-00053829-00054095 gameplay and presentation but criticized
inb3_REojoy-00188-00054096-00054320 its online functions and wrote they
inb3_REojoy-00189-00054321-00054637 could easily see it going off the rails
inb3_REojoy-00190-00054638-00055019 the final version received mixed or
inb3_REojoy-00191-00055020-00055358 average reviews according to the review
inb3_REojoy-00192-00055359-00055630 aggregator Metacritic generally
inb3_REojoy-00193-00055632-00055871 reviewers believe the core gameplay was
inb3_REojoy-00194-00055872-00055946 enjoyable
inb3_REojoy-00195-00055947-00056216 toosh arcade considered it better than
inb3_REojoy-00196-00056216-00056491 Sonic - and praised its fanservice and
inb3_REojoy-00197-00056492-00056635 content
inb3_REojoy-00198-00056636-00056897 Destructoid and Jim sterling felt the
inb3_REojoy-00199-00056898-00057149 game was well-designed destructoid said
inb3_REojoy-00200-00057150-00057365 it had depth and succeeded as both a
inb3_REojoy-00201-00057366-00057620 platformer in a Sonic game and sterling
inb3_REojoy-00202-00057621-00057833 wrote that in terms of gameplay it was
inb3_REojoy-00203-00057834-00058163 better than most endless runners however
inb3_REojoy-00204-00058164-00058409 the game's amount of ads and pay-to-play
inb3_REojoy-00205-00058410-00058741 elements were extensively criticized
inb3_REojoy-00206-00058741-00058966 sterling believed they were intrusive
inb3_REojoy-00207-00058967-00059210 and made the game over complex and
inb3_REojoy-00208-00059211-00059465 Destructoid said they were unreasonable
inb3_REojoy-00209-00059466-00060008 and exhausting toosh arcade wrote that
inb3_REojoy-00210-00060009-00060335 any free-to-play monetization gimmick
inb3_REojoy-00211-00060336-00060727 you can think of it Sonic runners has it
inb3_REojoy-00212-00060728-00061019 technical problems such as crashes and
inb3_REojoy-00213-00061020-00061271 lengthy load times were also criticized
inb3_REojoy-00214-00061272-00061504 although it was downloaded over 5
inb3_REojoy-00215-00061505-00061729 million times Sonic runners was a
inb3_REojoy-00216-00061730-00062051 commercial failure a presentation
inb3_REojoy-00217-00062052-00062305 highlighting Sega's strongest performing
inb3_REojoy-00218-00062307-00062516 games designated Sonic runners a
inb3_REojoy-00219-00062516-00062726 stalling title
inb3_REojoy-00220-00062727-00063134 because it only made between 30 yen 50
inb3_REojoy-00221-00063135-00063301 million a month
inb3_REojoy-00222-00063302-00063566 Nintendo life wrote its failure was
inb3_REojoy-00223-00063566-00063794 proof that the recognizability of a
inb3_REojoy-00224-00063795-00064126 brand does not guarantee success they
inb3_REojoy-00225-00064127-00064313 also wrote the failure could be a
inb3_REojoy-00226-00064314-00064519 cautionary tale for companies like
inb3_REojoy-00227-00064520-00064780 Nintendo to not mask a game's problems
inb3_REojoy-00228-00064782-00065550 by using a recognizable brand
inb3_REojoy-00229-00065551-00066253 topic discontinuation and legacy
inb3_REojoy-00230-00066254-00066604 in May 2016 Sega announced it would
inb3_REojoy-00231-00066605-00066952 discontinue sonic runners the sale of
inb3_REojoy-00232-00066953-00067336 red rings ended on May 27 2016 and the
inb3_REojoy-00233-00067337-00067746 servers were shutdown on July 27th 2016
inb3_REojoy-00234-00067747-00068056 because it required a constant online
inb3_REojoy-00235-00068057-00068293 connection the game is unplayable and
inb3_REojoy-00236-00068294-00068527 Sega has not indicated if it will
inb3_REojoy-00237-00068528-00068725 release an update to make it playable
inb3_REojoy-00238-00068726-00069187 offline in April 2017 Gameloft released
inb3_REojoy-00239-00069188-00069493 an FAQ webpage that indicated a sequel
inb3_REojoy-00240-00069494-00069771 to Sonic runners was in development
inb3_REojoy-00241-00069772-00070054 Gameloft released the sequel sonic
inb3_REojoy-00242-00070055-00070285 runners adventure for Android in Russia
inb3_REojoy-00243-00070286-00070609 in the United Kingdom in June 2017 and
inb3_REojoy-00244-00070610-00070876 worldwide for Android and iOS in
inb3_REojoy-00245-00070877-00071332 December 2017 unlike the original Sonic
inb3_REojoy-00246-00071333-00071557 runners adventure is sold at a fixed
inb3_REojoy-00247-00071558-00072155 price
inb3_REojoy-00248-00072156-00072738 topic C also
inb3_REojoy-00249-00072739-00073312 list of unity games Super Mario run
inb3_REojoy-00250-00073313-00073645 equals equals notes
j224CbZKwCM-00000-00000389-00000629 so I'm a bit sorry to start with such a
j224CbZKwCM-00001-00000630-00001033 different topic now it will really rip
j224CbZKwCM-00002-00001034-00001349 us out of the immersion of your great
j224CbZKwCM-00003-00001350-00001750 talk if I'd like to thank you for coming
j224CbZKwCM-00004-00001751-00002092 and especially staying yeah to hear my
j224CbZKwCM-00005-00002093-00002317 talk I hope to give a short overview of
j224CbZKwCM-00006-00002318-00002509 my research interests and I guess my
j224CbZKwCM-00007-00002510-00002692 idea or my hope is that you may have
j224CbZKwCM-00008-00002693-00002899 some input for me from Japanese
j224CbZKwCM-00009-00002900-00003340 philosophy how I can extend my interests
j224CbZKwCM-00010-00003342-00003722 over it so my talk is called and the
j224CbZKwCM-00011-00003722-00004543 phonology of mother and in the first
j224CbZKwCM-00012-00004544-00004738 part of my intro of a presentation I
j224CbZKwCM-00013-00004739-00004922 will try to reassess the role weather
j224CbZKwCM-00014-00004923-00005204 plays in our experience I will do so
j224CbZKwCM-00015-00005205-00005420 with the help of the phenomenological
j224CbZKwCM-00016-00005421-00005686 method weather is not as well may issue
j224CbZKwCM-00017-00005687-00005986 a mere object of experience weather is
j224CbZKwCM-00018-00005987-00006202 rather that part of that in which all
j224CbZKwCM-00019-00006203-00006638 experience constitutes itself in order
j224CbZKwCM-00020-00006639-00006820 to argue for this claim I will first
j224CbZKwCM-00021-00006822-00006986 give a short introduction to the problem
j224CbZKwCM-00022-00006987-00007190 of conceptualizing weather and its place
j224CbZKwCM-00023-00007191-00007511 the sky with the help of the work of
j224CbZKwCM-00024-00007512-00007795 anthropologist he mingled it will become
j224CbZKwCM-00025-00007797-00008020 apparent that it only makes sense to
j224CbZKwCM-00026-00008022-00008243 talk of the sky and weather regarding
j224CbZKwCM-00027-00008244-00008471 our everyday experience making a
j224CbZKwCM-00028-00008472-00008627 phonological instead of a meteorological
j224CbZKwCM-00029-00008628-00008969 analysis of the weather necessary in the
j224CbZKwCM-00030-00008970-00009152 second part of this presentation I give
j224CbZKwCM-00031-00009153-00009332 an account of how one can conceptualize
j224CbZKwCM-00032-00009333-00009617 the weather and logically with the help
j224CbZKwCM-00033-00009618-00009797 of window few guys theory of the in
j224CbZKwCM-00034-00009798-00010079 conspicuousness of space my aim is to
j224CbZKwCM-00035-00010080-00010322 show that both space and weather are not
j224CbZKwCM-00036-00010323-00010532 conspicuous object of experience but
j224CbZKwCM-00037-00010533-00010715 rather part of that in which we
j224CbZKwCM-00038-00010716-00011042 experience all objects and ourselves by
j224CbZKwCM-00039-00011043-00011231 way of concluding I hope to show that
j224CbZKwCM-00040-00011232-00011408 weather is not the sum of things we can
j224CbZKwCM-00041-00011409-00011648 point to outside our window I'd rather
j224CbZKwCM-00042-00011649-00011762 plays in the central role in
j224CbZKwCM-00043-00011763-00012020 constituting our being and our staff
j224CbZKwCM-00044-00012021-00012257 understanding with the help of both
j224CbZKwCM-00045-00012258-00012608 Ogawa Tadashi and Yamaha Yahoo I further
j224CbZKwCM-00046-00012609-00012791 hope to show that the interrelatedness
j224CbZKwCM-00047-00012792-00013043 between key and weather Ogawa writes
j224CbZKwCM-00048-00013044-00013376 quote within phenomenology of key and
j224CbZKwCM-00049-00013377-00013621 wind elucidates the fact
j224CbZKwCM-00050-00013622-00013819 he fills the body and flows over the
j224CbZKwCM-00051-00013819-00014110 world at the same time is a yahuwah's
j224CbZKwCM-00052-00014111-00014338 description of weather experiences and
j224CbZKwCM-00053-00014338-00014533 experience of key in his recently
j224CbZKwCM-00054-00014534-00014772 published dissertation experiences of
j224CbZKwCM-00055-00014774-00015058 key embodied sphere atmosphere pants
j224CbZKwCM-00056-00015059-00015283 fear will further illuminate our
j224CbZKwCM-00057-00015284-00015522 interrelatedness with weather is a map
j224CbZKwCM-00058-00015522-00015760 proposes an interesting approach to the
j224CbZKwCM-00059-00015761-00015922 untrusted ability of key
j224CbZKwCM-00060-00015922-00016269 let us not ask what key is but how he is
j224CbZKwCM-00061-00016271-00016569 experienced I hope that my ideas on the
j224CbZKwCM-00062-00016570-00016753 phenomenology of weather and he say
j224CbZKwCM-00063-00016754-00016969 Yama's thoughts on weather and key
j224CbZKwCM-00064-00016970-00017218 provide informative starting point for a
j224CbZKwCM-00065-00017219-00017416 further pulley lock on atmospheric
j224CbZKwCM-00066-00017417-00017764 phenomena I should say all works except
j224CbZKwCM-00067-00017765-00018022 Ogawa - - these paper are in German and
j224CbZKwCM-00068-00018023-00018394 I'm just the translations on my own in
j224CbZKwCM-00069-00018395-00018595 case their errors dates from the
j224CbZKwCM-00070-00018596-00018880 translation ok so this is the what I
j224CbZKwCM-00071-00018881-00019471 just said my my based overview so part 1
j224CbZKwCM-00072-00019472-00019822 problems conceptualizing this guy in his
j224CbZKwCM-00073-00019823-00020011 paper earth sky wind and weather
j224CbZKwCM-00074-00020012-00020244 Tim Ingold invites us to ask how we
j224CbZKwCM-00075-00020245-00020467 experience the sky the place of weather
j224CbZKwCM-00076-00020468-00020716 to this end he turns towards research
j224CbZKwCM-00077-00020717-00020881 being done in developmental psychology
j224CbZKwCM-00078-00020882-00021130 where the question is being posed how
j224CbZKwCM-00079-00021131-00021279 children learn the shape of the earth
j224CbZKwCM-00080-00021280-00021571 they are according to researchers two
j224CbZKwCM-00081-00021572-00021805 basic mental models of the earth the
j224CbZKwCM-00082-00021806-00021982 earth either appears as a flat or
j224CbZKwCM-00083-00021983-00022267 spherical surface these models
j224CbZKwCM-00084-00022268-00022644 correspond to our everyday experience
j224CbZKwCM-00085-00022645-00023053 and earth as seen from space so that is
j224CbZKwCM-00086-00023054-00023386 a bit of a black forest and hitting and
j224CbZKwCM-00087-00023387-00023575 on the right-hand side is a very generic
j224CbZKwCM-00088-00023576-00023944 picture of earth once a child has
j224CbZKwCM-00089-00023945-00024166 learned that the earth is spherical an
j224CbZKwCM-00090-00024167-00024421 interesting question arises said
j224CbZKwCM-00091-00024422-00024730 researchers asked once a child Ethan who
j224CbZKwCM-00092-00024731-00024934 has already acquired the correct
j224CbZKwCM-00093-00024935-00025099 spherical model of Earth to draw a
j224CbZKwCM-00094-00025100-00025327 picture of the earth so it was the
j224CbZKwCM-00095-00025328-00025792 picture even then proceeds to draw a
j224CbZKwCM-00096-00025793-00026100 rough circle on a piece of paper when he
j224CbZKwCM-00097-00026101-00026332 is then asked to draw the sky he answers
j224CbZKwCM-00098-00026333-00026652 quote the sky has no shape human space
j224CbZKwCM-00099-00026652-00026940 yet pressed to draw the sky he proceeds
j224CbZKwCM-00100-00026941-00026975 to the
j224CbZKwCM-00101-00026976-00027176 grab a ring around the circle depicting
j224CbZKwCM-00102-00027177-00027380 the earth but the correct model of sky
j224CbZKwCM-00103-00027381-00027632 you see is this weird second circle
j224CbZKwCM-00104-00027633-00028127 around the first sermon another child
j224CbZKwCM-00105-00028127-00028364 Darcy when asked to draw the sky after
j224CbZKwCM-00106-00028364-00028570 having drawn a sphere proceeds to draw
j224CbZKwCM-00107-00028572-00028795 clouds above the sphere and houses below
j224CbZKwCM-00108-00028797-00029180 it so this when pressed by researchers
j224CbZKwCM-00109-00029181-00029395 she is unwilling to admit that if the
j224CbZKwCM-00110-00029397-00029597 earth is round the ground on which
j224CbZKwCM-00111-00029598-00029930 houses and trees must stand must also be
j224CbZKwCM-00112-00029931-00030214 round so she has these two models of how
j224CbZKwCM-00113-00030216-00030524 sky is conceptualized not only children
j224CbZKwCM-00114-00030525-00030725 have difficulty reconciling the concept
j224CbZKwCM-00115-00030726-00030920 of the earth we know with the sky we
j224CbZKwCM-00116-00030920-00031388 experience in another study which also
j224CbZKwCM-00117-00031389-00031658 includes other participants participants
j224CbZKwCM-00118-00031658-00031982 were asked individually asked first to
j224CbZKwCM-00119-00031983-00032144 select the car they thought looked most
j224CbZKwCM-00120-00032145-00032389 like the real earth two-thirds of the
j224CbZKwCM-00121-00032391-00032567 participants including adults selected
j224CbZKwCM-00122-00032568-00033146 this as the correct model of Earth the
j224CbZKwCM-00123-00033147-00033341 authors of the study conclude that this
j224CbZKwCM-00124-00033342-00033545 indicates the scientific understanding
j224CbZKwCM-00125-00033546-00033875 of Earth yet in God points out that this
j224CbZKwCM-00126-00033876-00034076 picture strange paradoxical on the one
j224CbZKwCM-00127-00034077-00034238 hand we see the correct model of Earth
j224CbZKwCM-00128-00034239-00034475 as would appear from outer space yet on
j224CbZKwCM-00129-00034476-00034664 the other hand we see the sky and clouds
j224CbZKwCM-00130-00034665-00034805 as they would only appear they were
j224CbZKwCM-00131-00034806-00035057 lying on our backs looking upwards both
j224CbZKwCM-00132-00035058-00035267 darcy and 2/3 of the participant were
j224CbZKwCM-00133-00035268-00035447 stuck in a confusing perspective or
j224CbZKwCM-00134-00035448-00035681 double take when they are asked to
j224CbZKwCM-00135-00035682-00035957 combine earth and sky and this is this
j224CbZKwCM-00136-00035958-00036080 confusion reading error a
j224CbZKwCM-00137-00036081-00036272 misrepresentation of what earth and sky
j224CbZKwCM-00138-00036273-00036563 are in God argues for the four different
j224CbZKwCM-00139-00036564-00036896 interpretation for in relation to the
j224CbZKwCM-00140-00036897-00037124 sky the earth can figure only in the
j224CbZKwCM-00141-00037125-00037301 phenomenal form of the ground upon which
j224CbZKwCM-00142-00037302-00037538 people live and on which the dwellings
j224CbZKwCM-00143-00037539-00037811 are built the result in effect has not
j224CbZKwCM-00144-00037812-00038069 one complete picture but two quite
j224CbZKwCM-00145-00038070-00038261 separate pictures superimposed on the
j224CbZKwCM-00146-00038262-00038513 same page the researchers descriptions
j224CbZKwCM-00147-00038514-00038750 treated us on the other hand as X
j224CbZKwCM-00148-00038751-00038966 habitants instead of inhabitants of the
j224CbZKwCM-00149-00038967-00039197 earth not distinguishing between the
j224CbZKwCM-00150-00039198-00039356 physical and the phenomena or the
j224CbZKwCM-00151-00039357-00039533 reality is what finally leads to all the
j224CbZKwCM-00152-00039534-00039830 confusion but how can one approach sky
j224CbZKwCM-00153-00039831-00040012 and rather than phenomenologically
j224CbZKwCM-00154-00040013-00040267 understanding the phenomenal
j224CbZKwCM-00155-00040268-00040670 where when both have no shape even if
j224CbZKwCM-00156-00040671-00040826 the more intuitive mental model of the
j224CbZKwCM-00157-00040827-00041068 sky we often see when children draw it's
j224CbZKwCM-00158-00041069-00041212 not immediately clear what this guy is
j224CbZKwCM-00159-00041213-00041549 or whether is in this drawing where they
j224CbZKwCM-00160-00041550-00041743 may show itself most immediately in
j224CbZKwCM-00161-00041744-00041908 these things and whether the child is
j224CbZKwCM-00162-00041909-00042217 drawn such as clouds and the Sun and yet
j224CbZKwCM-00163-00042218-00042430 whether is more accurately speaking
j224CbZKwCM-00164-00042431-00042701 everything that is in between the
j224CbZKwCM-00165-00042702-00042836 drawing does not account for the
j224CbZKwCM-00166-00042837-00043007 temperature light wind and air pressure
j224CbZKwCM-00167-00043008-00043226 we are all exposed to all these
j224CbZKwCM-00168-00043227-00043540 properties of weather have we may agree
j224CbZKwCM-00169-00043541-00043864 with Ethan no shape they are rather that
j224CbZKwCM-00170-00043865-00044108 they are rather what we experience all
j224CbZKwCM-00171-00044109-00044458 shapes in weather remains similar to the
j224CbZKwCM-00172-00044459-00044654 sky inconspicuous in our everyday
j224CbZKwCM-00173-00044655-00044864 experience so now I will begin with the
j224CbZKwCM-00174-00044865-00045061 heavier behavior part of the
j224CbZKwCM-00175-00045062-00045398 presentation in order to show how
j224CbZKwCM-00176-00045399-00045583 weather remains inconspicuous and
j224CbZKwCM-00177-00045584-00045736 constitutes the condition for the
j224CbZKwCM-00178-00045737-00045889 possibility of experience and being
j224CbZKwCM-00179-00045890-00046130 similar to space I shall first draw
j224CbZKwCM-00180-00046131-00046358 included figures phenomena phenomenology
j224CbZKwCM-00181-00046359-00046601 of the inconspicuous which he developed
j224CbZKwCM-00182-00046602-00046777 in his most recent book on trying bar
j224CbZKwCM-00183-00046778-00047077 kites in conspicuousness the key
j224CbZKwCM-00184-00047078-00047267 principle of phenomenology the following
j224CbZKwCM-00185-00047268-00047426 thoughts rest on is the phenomenon
j224CbZKwCM-00186-00047427-00047843 correlation in short everything which
j224CbZKwCM-00187-00047844-00047974 appears before us appears in a
j224CbZKwCM-00188-00047975-00048202 three-fold structure every appearance
j224CbZKwCM-00189-00048203-00048445 appears in relation to someone for whom
j224CbZKwCM-00190-00048446-00048668 something appears and every appearance
j224CbZKwCM-00191-00048669-00048920 something appears in every appearance
j224CbZKwCM-00192-00048921-00049148 for whom something appears and that
j224CbZKwCM-00193-00049149-00049432 which appears are mediated something
j224CbZKwCM-00194-00049433-00049582 holds the appearance together and makes
j224CbZKwCM-00195-00049583-00049957 it possible as we shall see this third
j224CbZKwCM-00196-00049958-00050126 part of the phenomenon correlation would
j224CbZKwCM-00197-00050127-00050287 be of great importance and understanding
j224CbZKwCM-00198-00050288-00050530 whether even though or rather because it
j224CbZKwCM-00199-00050531-00051001 is the most inconspicuous in order to
j224CbZKwCM-00200-00051002-00051220 draw closer to the inconspicuous we
j224CbZKwCM-00201-00051221-00051363 shall begin with the most conspicuous
j224CbZKwCM-00202-00051364-00051725 the things which appear to us in German
j224CbZKwCM-00203-00051726-00051935 the conspicuousness of things already in
j224CbZKwCM-00204-00051936-00052192 their name games tender that which
j224CbZKwCM-00205-00052194-00052468 stands opposed to us at first glance
j224CbZKwCM-00206-00052469-00052600 weather may seem like something
j224CbZKwCM-00207-00052601-00052766 conspicuous par excellence
j224CbZKwCM-00208-00052766-00053026 especially in bad weather weather seems
j224CbZKwCM-00209-00053027-00053216 quite literally to stand in our way in
j224CbZKwCM-00210-00053216-00053486 the picture Darcy drew we saw that we
j224CbZKwCM-00211-00053487-00053605 often tries to depict
j224CbZKwCM-00212-00053607-00053762 by drawing the things in weather such as
j224CbZKwCM-00213-00053763-00054023 cloud or the Sun and yet weather is
j224CbZKwCM-00214-00054024-00054266 nothing like a thing figure finds three
j224CbZKwCM-00215-00054266-00054541 characteristics defining things things
j224CbZKwCM-00216-00054542-00054785 are clear to us at first sight lifeless
j224CbZKwCM-00217-00054786-00055192 and enduring we may think of rainy
j224CbZKwCM-00218-00055194-00055379 weather and believe that the raindrops
j224CbZKwCM-00219-00055379-00055555 or dark clouds are the weather we are
j224CbZKwCM-00220-00055557-00055816 experiencing but this simplified view of
j224CbZKwCM-00221-00055817-00056003 what is going on in the air around and
j224CbZKwCM-00222-00056004-00056336 above us does not hold on where we to
j224CbZKwCM-00223-00056337-00056522 look into a rain shower from inside the
j224CbZKwCM-00224-00056523-00056684 couple of our living rooms we would
j224CbZKwCM-00225-00056685-00056885 never make out a single drop a single
j224CbZKwCM-00226-00056886-00057091 thing what we see is quite literally
j224CbZKwCM-00227-00057092-00057391 sheets of rain and more obvious example
j224CbZKwCM-00228-00057392-00057533 of the things of weather is the cloud
j224CbZKwCM-00229-00057534-00057855 that the speaker is many thank you pay
j224CbZKwCM-00230-00057857-00058124 sometimes clouds so called lenticular
j224CbZKwCM-00231-00058125-00058409 clouds form almost perfect stationary
j224CbZKwCM-00232-00058410-00058595 symmetrical shapes in the sky often
j224CbZKwCM-00233-00058596-00058859 around mountains from where we are on
j224CbZKwCM-00234-00058860-00059078 the ground they seem almost thing like
j224CbZKwCM-00235-00059079-00059300 we would expect judging by the clouds
j224CbZKwCM-00236-00059301-00059566 peace and quiet on the mountaintop yet
j224CbZKwCM-00237-00059567-00059801 inside one such cloud on the mountaintop
j224CbZKwCM-00238-00059802-00060035 we would see or rather feel that there
j224CbZKwCM-00239-00060036-00060229 are actually very strong winds passing
j224CbZKwCM-00240-00060230-00060407 through the cloud becoming part of the
j224CbZKwCM-00241-00060408-00060589 cloud and leaving the cloud in seconds
j224CbZKwCM-00242-00060590-00061019 such weather we will quickly learn is
j224CbZKwCM-00243-00061020-00061235 never as it seems at first sight it is
j224CbZKwCM-00244-00061236-00061510 not even clear in its conspicuousness
j224CbZKwCM-00245-00061511-00061739 yet weather doesn't only appear as
j224CbZKwCM-00246-00061740-00061940 something we experience in the outside
j224CbZKwCM-00247-00061941-00062141 world on the no emetic side of
j224CbZKwCM-00248-00062141-00062408 experience i've talked about so far even
j224CbZKwCM-00249-00062409-00062561 before looking at the window for the
j224CbZKwCM-00250-00062562-00062714 first time in the morning or checking
j224CbZKwCM-00251-00062715-00062929 the weather report on our phones weather
j224CbZKwCM-00252-00062930-00063179 influences the way we feel we are under
j224CbZKwCM-00253-00063179-00063314 the influence of high and low pressure
j224CbZKwCM-00254-00063315-00063632 zones which escape our primary senses in
j224CbZKwCM-00255-00063633-00063797 German because someone was very
j224CbZKwCM-00256-00063798-00064037 sensitive to changes in weather who can
j224CbZKwCM-00257-00064038-00064250 sense rain in his or her joints before
j224CbZKwCM-00258-00064251-00064558 there are clouds better feeling an
j224CbZKwCM-00259-00064559-00064802 autumn and winter we feel more often
j224CbZKwCM-00260-00064803-00065015 than not under the weather and these
j224CbZKwCM-00261-00065016-00065216 circumstances whether it's not it's not
j224CbZKwCM-00262-00065216-00065450 immediately obvious to us we rather feel
j224CbZKwCM-00263-00065451-00065573 in a certain mood and then suddenly
j224CbZKwCM-00264-00065574-00065810 realize after some introspection that it
j224CbZKwCM-00265-00065811-00065972 was the weather which has influenced us
j224CbZKwCM-00266-00065973-00066230 inconspicuously understanding the
j224CbZKwCM-00267-00066231-00066467 weather as something inconspicuous such
j224CbZKwCM-00268-00066468-00066716 a space itself allows us to understand
j224CbZKwCM-00269-00066717-00066875 these different experiences of
j224CbZKwCM-00270-00066876-00067203 under one concept so as objects we
j224CbZKwCM-00271-00067204-00067428 experience and as something seemingly
j224CbZKwCM-00272-00067429-00067574 subjective which we experience in
j224CbZKwCM-00273-00067575-00068204 ourselves as already alluded to the key
j224CbZKwCM-00274-00068205-00068381 to understanding weathers to understand
j224CbZKwCM-00275-00068382-00068616 it's in conspicuousness to this end I
j224CbZKwCM-00276-00068617-00068774 will now draw on figures theory of in
j224CbZKwCM-00277-00068775-00069074 conspicuousness concerning space figure
j224CbZKwCM-00278-00069075-00069234 defines three characteristics or
j224CbZKwCM-00279-00069235-00069447 speciality in space
j224CbZKwCM-00280-00069448-00069680 something is immersed in a place that is
j224CbZKwCM-00281-00069681-00069842 admitted in its visibility in a
j224CbZKwCM-00282-00069843-00070079 clearance and it is set apart by an
j224CbZKwCM-00283-00070080-00070335 expanse what may at first seem like a
j224CbZKwCM-00284-00070336-00070523 very abstract definition becomes clearer
j224CbZKwCM-00285-00070524-00070706 when this concept of speciality is
j224CbZKwCM-00286-00070707-00071038 applied to the appearance of things
j224CbZKwCM-00287-00071039-00071267 things can only be singular and
j224CbZKwCM-00288-00071268-00071492 autonomous for being set apart they can
j224CbZKwCM-00289-00071493-00071705 only be so easily accessible as they are
j224CbZKwCM-00290-00071706-00071841 because they're south showing is
j224CbZKwCM-00291-00071842-00072066 admitted and one can only refer to a
j224CbZKwCM-00292-00072067-00072323 thing because it was immersed here in a
j224CbZKwCM-00293-00072324-00072554 place in a clearance and expanse which
j224CbZKwCM-00294-00072555-00072788 separates it from other things and from
j224CbZKwCM-00295-00072789-00073016 the living beings which refer to it
j224CbZKwCM-00296-00073017-00073284 space here appears as the condition for
j224CbZKwCM-00297-00073285-00073436 the possibility of the appearance of
j224CbZKwCM-00298-00073437-00073710 things since space is the condition
j224CbZKwCM-00299-00073711-00073959 faucet appearance space itself does not
j224CbZKwCM-00300-00073960-00074129 appear in the same way as things do
j224CbZKwCM-00301-00074130-00074448 space appears with the things which are
j224CbZKwCM-00302-00074449-00074796 in space understood this way space is
j224CbZKwCM-00303-00074797-00075023 not invisible or a mere pure form of
j224CbZKwCM-00304-00075024-00075263 intuition as Kant says space is
j224CbZKwCM-00305-00075264-00075672 inconspicuous the role of space and it's
j224CbZKwCM-00306-00075673-00075848 in conspicuousness for our experience
j224CbZKwCM-00307-00075849-00076088 becomes clear when you think of build
j224CbZKwCM-00308-00076089-00076724 spaces rooms to be in a room means to
j224CbZKwCM-00309-00076725-00076943 see to hear or to feel what this room
j224CbZKwCM-00310-00076944-00077273 lets you see here of film rooms limit
j224CbZKwCM-00311-00077274-00077450 experience by allowing and excluding
j224CbZKwCM-00312-00077451-00077559 certain possibilities of experience
j224CbZKwCM-00313-00077560-00077773 which are limited by it
j224CbZKwCM-00314-00077774-00078035 this means that rooms are not experience
j224CbZKwCM-00315-00078036-00078236 in the same way as things will draw in
j224CbZKwCM-00316-00078237-00078684 rooms because rooms limits sight and
j224CbZKwCM-00317-00078685-00078840 what can be seen rooms to find our
j224CbZKwCM-00318-00078841-00078996 experience a second to none
j224CbZKwCM-00319-00078997-00079229 they predetermine how and what we
j224CbZKwCM-00320-00079230-00079466 experience in particular ways and others
j224CbZKwCM-00321-00079467-00079710 quintessentially inconspicuous the
j224CbZKwCM-00322-00079711-00079856 longer you stay in one room the less
j224CbZKwCM-00323-00079857-00080048 attention you pay to the room you have
j224CbZKwCM-00324-00080049-00080136 been in
j224CbZKwCM-00325-00080137-00080271 and that's throughout the experience
j224CbZKwCM-00326-00080272-00080472 room with experience instead of
j224CbZKwCM-00327-00080473-00080726 experiencing the room itself in short
j224CbZKwCM-00328-00080727-00081060 chicka right build spaces are built in
j224CbZKwCM-00329-00081061-00081234 conspicuousness so I should say the past
j224CbZKwCM-00330-00081235-00081423 three slides I was obvious for quotes
j224CbZKwCM-00331-00081424-00081807 from you guys book if we recall the
j224CbZKwCM-00332-00081808-00081987 aforementioned phenomenon correlation it
j224CbZKwCM-00333-00081988-00082171 becomes evident that space is neither
j224CbZKwCM-00334-00082172-00082347 something which appears before or which
j224CbZKwCM-00335-00082348-00082546 comes from inside of us but is rather
j224CbZKwCM-00336-00082547-00082749 something which allows things and
j224CbZKwCM-00337-00082750-00082923 ourselves to appear which hold
j224CbZKwCM-00338-00082924-00083409 disappearance together thus nothing we
j224CbZKwCM-00339-00083410-00083616 experiences outside of space we
j224CbZKwCM-00340-00083617-00083850 ourselves not inside trying to relate to
j224CbZKwCM-00341-00083851-00084114 an outside but we are rather always
j224CbZKwCM-00342-00084115-00084387 already outside in space which is not
j224CbZKwCM-00343-00084388-00084555 only the condition for the possibility
j224CbZKwCM-00344-00084556-00084759 to relate to things but also to
j224CbZKwCM-00345-00084760-00085065 ourselves so there's another way we are
j224CbZKwCM-00346-00085066-00085471 not a room for ourselves we are always
j224CbZKwCM-00347-00085472-00085628 already in this kind of exposed
j224CbZKwCM-00348-00085629-00086154 condition when you think of built rooms
j224CbZKwCM-00349-00086155-00086952 and buildings in which set rooms are we
j224CbZKwCM-00350-00086953-00087117 inevitably think of where they were
j224CbZKwCM-00351-00087118-00087303 built and what we see when you look
j224CbZKwCM-00352-00087304-00087510 outside of them buildings are always
j224CbZKwCM-00353-00087511-00087678 built in relation to where they stand
j224CbZKwCM-00354-00087679-00087864 Edward Casey writes and getting back
j224CbZKwCM-00355-00087865-00088125 into place that within the ambience of a
j224CbZKwCM-00356-00088126-00088272 building a landscape becomes a
j224CbZKwCM-00357-00088273-00088440 turbulence and begins to speak in
j224CbZKwCM-00358-00088441-00088707 emblematic ways but does not also rather
j224CbZKwCM-00359-00088708-00088989 become articulate in such a way most
j224CbZKwCM-00360-00088990-00089169 obviously the outside of a building
j224CbZKwCM-00361-00089170-00089352 visibly accounts for the weather it is
j224CbZKwCM-00362-00089353-00089634 exposed to but even from the inside the
j224CbZKwCM-00363-00089635-00089796 rooms we live in carry signs of the
j224CbZKwCM-00364-00089797-00089952 weather which surrounds the rooms and
j224CbZKwCM-00365-00089953-00090201 buildings and modern architecture the
j224CbZKwCM-00366-00090202-00090381 temperature of rooms is regulated by
j224CbZKwCM-00367-00090382-00090609 radiators or air-conditioning which make
j224CbZKwCM-00368-00090610-00090846 the warmth of a cold outside conspicuous
j224CbZKwCM-00369-00090847-00091056 by contrast to the more pleasant weather
j224CbZKwCM-00370-00091057-00091404 inside I want to say that the victors
j224CbZKwCM-00371-00091405-00091602 this norm for temperature that
j224CbZKwCM-00372-00091603-00091782 supposedly all office buildings are
j224CbZKwCM-00373-00091783-00091971 supposed to be a middle European male
j224CbZKwCM-00374-00091972-00092265 that's like the the atmosphere you try
j224CbZKwCM-00375-00092266-00092601 to create the size of the windows which
j224CbZKwCM-00376-00092602-00092769 allowed the room to be lighter or darker
j224CbZKwCM-00377-00092770-00093018 and warmer or cooler the thickness of
j224CbZKwCM-00378-00093019-00093165 the walls which insulate from the
j224CbZKwCM-00379-00093166-00093417 temperature noises outside all hint at
j224CbZKwCM-00380-00093418-00093475 the weather
j224CbZKwCM-00381-00093476-00093811 I reckon the limitations a room creates
j224CbZKwCM-00382-00093812-00094009 are as we have just seen that arbitrary
j224CbZKwCM-00383-00094010-00094327 a room limits our experience in relation
j224CbZKwCM-00384-00094328-00094558 to the weather outside inside the room
j224CbZKwCM-00385-00094559-00094750 we already have an intuition of what
j224CbZKwCM-00386-00094751-00095002 lies outside the inn conspicuousness of
j224CbZKwCM-00387-00095003-00095185 the room which is a precondition for our
j224CbZKwCM-00388-00095186-00095440 experiences in said room is interwoven
j224CbZKwCM-00389-00095441-00095620 with the in conspicuousness of weather
j224CbZKwCM-00390-00095621-00095938 in a sense the room and buildings we
j224CbZKwCM-00391-00095939-00096145 move through in our day-to-day lives are
j224CbZKwCM-00392-00096146-00096376 mediating our experiences of the outside
j224CbZKwCM-00393-00096377-00096535 world in varying degrees of in
j224CbZKwCM-00394-00096536-00097051 conspicuousness when we do go outside we
j224CbZKwCM-00395-00097052-00097168 understand that the weather does not
j224CbZKwCM-00396-00097169-00097399 only partially define the limitations of
j224CbZKwCM-00397-00097400-00097663 a room but also limits our experience in
j224CbZKwCM-00398-00097664-00097909 a similar way as rooms doom a rainy and
j224CbZKwCM-00399-00097910-00098125 foggy day can greatly decrease our field
j224CbZKwCM-00400-00098126-00098380 of vision so that we see less than on a
j224CbZKwCM-00401-00098381-00098629 sunny day in a sense the experience of
j224CbZKwCM-00402-00098630-00098791 everything is limited by the weather we
j224CbZKwCM-00403-00098792-00099025 find ourselves in everything outside
j224CbZKwCM-00404-00099026-00099235 appears wet cold and slippery in the
j224CbZKwCM-00405-00099236-00099514 rain during daytime the gloomy light of
j224CbZKwCM-00406-00099515-00099673 a rainy day falls into all rooms
j224CbZKwCM-00407-00099674-00099955 changing our experience and our intimate
j224CbZKwCM-00408-00099956-00100162 spaces and at times forcing us to turn
j224CbZKwCM-00409-00100163-00100438 on artificial light even the nighttime
j224CbZKwCM-00410-00100439-00100693 the drumming of the rain on our roof not
j224CbZKwCM-00411-00100694-00100867 only reminds us of the weather outside
j224CbZKwCM-00412-00100868-00101080 but also lends it sound to the rooms
j224CbZKwCM-00413-00101081-00101473 itself in which the rain echoes both the
j224CbZKwCM-00414-00101474-00101689 world outside and our rooms inside are
j224CbZKwCM-00415-00101690-00101851 experienced in a different light of
j224CbZKwCM-00416-00101852-00102075 literally in virtue of current weather
j224CbZKwCM-00417-00102076-00102376 on such a gloomy and rainy day where
j224CbZKwCM-00418-00102377-00102571 there's not as inconspicuous as its
j224CbZKwCM-00419-00102572-00102793 usual years but even on a sunny or
j224CbZKwCM-00420-00102794-00103030 unremarkable day weather defines our
j224CbZKwCM-00421-00103031-00103264 experience inside and outside in much
j224CbZKwCM-00422-00103265-00103509 the same way we have not only gotten
j224CbZKwCM-00423-00103510-00103693 used we have only got news to said
j224CbZKwCM-00424-00103694-00103891 weather thus allowing the weather to
j224CbZKwCM-00425-00103892-00104133 become more inconspicuous as with rooms
j224CbZKwCM-00426-00104134-00104377 we have gotten used to we are thus
j224CbZKwCM-00427-00104378-00104563 always under the influence of weather in
j224CbZKwCM-00428-00104564-00104941 varying degrees of in conspicuousness in
j224CbZKwCM-00429-00104942-00105181 gold the person from whom I borrow the
j224CbZKwCM-00430-00105182-00105415 studies earlier brings further light to
j224CbZKwCM-00431-00105416-00105601 our experience of the weather by
j224CbZKwCM-00432-00105602-00105772 describing the difference between earth
j224CbZKwCM-00433-00105773-00106048 and sky landscapes and weather he
j224CbZKwCM-00434-00106049-00106297 explains we experience landscapes by
j224CbZKwCM-00435-00106298-00106560 experiencing surfaces by seeing hearing
j224CbZKwCM-00436-00106561-00106829 and touching things whereas weather
j224CbZKwCM-00437-00106830-00107030 rather an experience of light sound and
j224CbZKwCM-00438-00107031-00107357 feeling itself in gold rights perceiving
j224CbZKwCM-00439-00107358-00107504 the landscape then is a mode of
j224CbZKwCM-00440-00107505-00107710 observation perceiving the weather is a
j224CbZKwCM-00441-00107711-00108109 mode of being in weather we experience
j224CbZKwCM-00442-00108110-00108389 what allows things to appear again in
j224CbZKwCM-00443-00108390-00108605 God rides strictly speaking the weather
j224CbZKwCM-00444-00108606-00108848 is not what we have perception of it is
j224CbZKwCM-00445-00108849-00109178 rather what we perceive in this in turn
j224CbZKwCM-00446-00109179-00109376 explains why the children in the
j224CbZKwCM-00447-00109377-00109595 aforementioned exam study were so
j224CbZKwCM-00448-00109596-00109769 perplexed by the question to draw the
j224CbZKwCM-00449-00109770-00110158 sky it is not an object of perception I
j224CbZKwCM-00450-00110158-00110396 would like to summarize before going on
j224CbZKwCM-00451-00110397-00110672 to my Japanese philosophy modeling
j224CbZKwCM-00452-00110673-00111002 presentation just what I said this far
j224CbZKwCM-00453-00111003-00111314 that's far I would like to summarize how
j224CbZKwCM-00454-00111315-00111479 space room and weather seem to be linked
j224CbZKwCM-00455-00111480-00111773 with one another space shows itself as a
j224CbZKwCM-00456-00111774-00112052 place clearance and expense rooms then
j224CbZKwCM-00457-00112053-00112289 are phenomena of space rooms become
j224CbZKwCM-00458-00112290-00112558 their own places clearances and expenses
j224CbZKwCM-00459-00112558-00112792 whether it's also phenomenal space
j224CbZKwCM-00460-00112793-00113083 whether creates or occludes places
j224CbZKwCM-00461-00113084-00113345 clearances and expenses it not only
j224CbZKwCM-00462-00113346-00113611 changes how things can be experienced
j224CbZKwCM-00463-00113613-00113825 but commits can make experiences
j224CbZKwCM-00464-00113826-00113948 themselves impossible
j224CbZKwCM-00465-00113949-00114128 when catastrophic weather limits our
j224CbZKwCM-00466-00114129-00114431 ability to move we can never see rooms
j224CbZKwCM-00467-00114432-00114605 and weather as the conditions for the
j224CbZKwCM-00468-00114606-00114958 possibility of our experience fully even
j224CbZKwCM-00469-00114959-00115139 if we back into the corner of our room
j224CbZKwCM-00470-00115140-00115483 some room is still behind us but rooms
j224CbZKwCM-00471-00115484-00115790 can be left where they cannot we are
j224CbZKwCM-00472-00115791-00116003 always inside the weather unable to view
j224CbZKwCM-00473-00116004-00116267 weather from the outside even if we see
j224CbZKwCM-00474-00116268-00116461 rain in the distance slowly approaching
j224CbZKwCM-00475-00116463-00116672 we can only see the right in virtue of
j224CbZKwCM-00476-00116673-00116849 the clear weather with which allows us
j224CbZKwCM-00477-00116850-00117104 to see so far it also proves difficult
j224CbZKwCM-00478-00117105-00117395 to hide from the weather since the air
j224CbZKwCM-00479-00117396-00117581 pressure leaks into any room with even a
j224CbZKwCM-00480-00117582-00117866 smallest opening and even the rooms we
j224CbZKwCM-00481-00117867-00118094 tried to hide in are themselves media
j224CbZKwCM-00482-00118095-00118331 through which we experience weather thus
j224CbZKwCM-00483-00118332-00118490 weather seems to be an almost as
j224CbZKwCM-00484-00118491-00118809 inescapable world seems to be almost and
j224CbZKwCM-00485-00118810-00119075 almost as an escapable condition for the
j224CbZKwCM-00486-00119076-00119330 possibility of experience or being a
j224CbZKwCM-00487-00119331-00119683 space itself to be subjected to and
j224CbZKwCM-00488-00119684-00119918 immersed in such inescapable atmospheres
j224CbZKwCM-00489-00119919-00120144 is also the underlying theme
j224CbZKwCM-00490-00120145-00120425 of Ogawa Tadashi's and ism aha you whose
j224CbZKwCM-00491-00120426-00120924 quest thoughts on him as if to caution
j224CbZKwCM-00492-00120925-00121122 anyone who attempts to construct a
j224CbZKwCM-00493-00121123-00121374 theory around key Ogawa writes in his
j224CbZKwCM-00494-00121375-00121529 paper key and the phonology
j224CbZKwCM-00495-00121530-00121893 phenomenology of wind the range of
j224CbZKwCM-00496-00121894-00122129 senses of senses of the word key is
j224CbZKwCM-00497-00122130-00122411 actually vast it is not easy to grasp
j224CbZKwCM-00498-00122413-00122552 the essence of key for this ambiguous
j224CbZKwCM-00499-00122553-00122834 you will see that key fills in both an
j224CbZKwCM-00500-00122835-00123024 individual body and all that is in
j224CbZKwCM-00501-00123025-00123345 between heaven and earth so you know
j224CbZKwCM-00502-00123346-00123696 it's a huge category to to somehow
j224CbZKwCM-00503-00123697-00124079 explain key the sternos phenomena such
j224CbZKwCM-00504-00124080-00124344 as air weather climate and atmosphere as
j224CbZKwCM-00505-00124345-00124620 well as moods the interrelatedness of
j224CbZKwCM-00506-00124621-00124808 these seemingly different aspects of key
j224CbZKwCM-00507-00124809-00125049 becomes most apparent when the
j224CbZKwCM-00508-00125050-00125360 atmosphere seems to be filled for the
j224CbZKwCM-00509-00125361-00125556 interrelatedness of these seemingly
j224CbZKwCM-00510-00125557-00125702 different aspects of key becomes most
j224CbZKwCM-00511-00125703-00125891 apparent when the atmosphere seems to be
j224CbZKwCM-00512-00125892-00126089 filled with a feeling that permeates us
j224CbZKwCM-00513-00126090-00126284 such as when we speak of a tense
j224CbZKwCM-00514-00126285-00126558 atmosphere in a more bodily sense this
j224CbZKwCM-00515-00126558-00126803 permeation takes its place incessantly
j224CbZKwCM-00516-00126804-00127136 with every breath we take the world is
j224CbZKwCM-00517-00127138-00127332 disclosed to us in different weather and
j224CbZKwCM-00518-00127333-00127572 different atmosphere or moods does not
j224CbZKwCM-00519-00127573-00127766 mean that these phenomena of ki simply
j224CbZKwCM-00520-00127767-00127976 colored in what we what is already seen
j224CbZKwCM-00521-00127977-00128237 discovered and understood beforehand the
j224CbZKwCM-00522-00128238-00128483 opposite is true it is a key for logical
j224CbZKwCM-00523-00128484-00128724 inside that moods and atmospheres are
j224CbZKwCM-00524-00128725-00128994 what open up the world to us this is
j224CbZKwCM-00525-00128995-00129147 what allows moods to play such a
j224CbZKwCM-00526-00129148-00129356 fundamental role in being in time
j224CbZKwCM-00527-00129357-00129703 without them nothing would matter to us
j224CbZKwCM-00528-00129704-00129950 the following abstract and concrete
j224CbZKwCM-00529-00129951-00130178 descriptions of key tie a nicely with
j224CbZKwCM-00530-00130179-00130304 what I have said about the weather so
j224CbZKwCM-00531-00130305-00130709 far so this is from Ogawa's paper the
j224CbZKwCM-00532-00130710-00130923 atmosphere or key has no identifiable
j224CbZKwCM-00533-00130924-00131225 point or place in space it overflows and
j224CbZKwCM-00534-00131226-00131472 spreads out over the world as a whole to
j224CbZKwCM-00535-00131473-00131685 the very end of the world atmosphere
j224CbZKwCM-00536-00131686-00131903 grasp the human being at the root of his
j224CbZKwCM-00537-00131904-00132135 being the root of his or her being is
j224CbZKwCM-00538-00132136-00132309 the body as a limited place of
j224CbZKwCM-00539-00132310-00132566 atmosphere and he goes on to write if
j224CbZKwCM-00540-00132567-00132744 you have ever experienced the summer and
j224CbZKwCM-00541-00132745-00132941 Kyoto you have only to remember the
j224CbZKwCM-00542-00132942-00133115 oppressive weather at the end of a rainy
j224CbZKwCM-00543-00133116-00133348 season just before the height of summer
j224CbZKwCM-00544-00133349-00133573 this weather heavy weather comes from
j224CbZKwCM-00545-00133574-00133831 heat mixed with humidity this oppressive
j224CbZKwCM-00546-00133832-00134020 weather together with our bodily states
j224CbZKwCM-00547-00134021-00134311 gloominess crushes everyone spontaneous
j224CbZKwCM-00548-00134312-00134596 were Kogelo finally also draws the
j224CbZKwCM-00549-00134597-00134800 conclusion that it is only through such
j224CbZKwCM-00550-00134801-00135040 atmosphere atmospheres that we can
j224CbZKwCM-00551-00135041-00135253 perceive the appearance of world and
j224CbZKwCM-00552-00135254-00135883 thing now just one more page you who is
j224CbZKwCM-00553-00135884-00136102 a Yama here owes his dissertation in
j224CbZKwCM-00554-00136103-00136416 Germany on M key and phonology I think
j224CbZKwCM-00555-00136417-00136561 it has been translated into English yet
j224CbZKwCM-00556-00136562-00136915 it's only in German he begins his
j224CbZKwCM-00557-00136916-00137140 interpretation of experiences of ki by
j224CbZKwCM-00558-00137141-00137311 pointing out that the term seems to
j224CbZKwCM-00559-00137312-00137536 signify something often considered to be
j224CbZKwCM-00560-00137537-00137815 two different types of experience namely
j224CbZKwCM-00561-00137816-00138025 our inner feeling as well as the outer
j224CbZKwCM-00562-00138026-00138322 atmosphere he seems to name something
j224CbZKwCM-00563-00138323-00138508 that lies between subjects and objects
j224CbZKwCM-00564-00138509-00138757 this needs is a AMA to conclude that ki
j224CbZKwCM-00565-00138758-00138961 is an alternative concept to what
j224CbZKwCM-00566-00138962-00139186 Hammond Schmitz has called the singular
j224CbZKwCM-00567-00139187-00139351 ism and consolations of Western
j224CbZKwCM-00568-00139352-00139576 philosophy which tries to understand
j224CbZKwCM-00569-00139577-00139789 world in terms of singular things and
j224CbZKwCM-00570-00139790-00140095 add up to more complex structures is a
j224CbZKwCM-00571-00140096-00140245 AMA tries to account for different
j224CbZKwCM-00572-00140246-00140504 instances of ki with the help of spheres
j224CbZKwCM-00573-00140505-00140809 key in terms of spheres is a spatial
j224CbZKwCM-00574-00140810-00141058 phenomena yet these spaces are no less
j224CbZKwCM-00575-00141059-00141325 felt than seen in order to draw closer
j224CbZKwCM-00576-00141326-00141508 to experiences of ki the Yama
j224CbZKwCM-00577-00141509-00141709 differentiates as the title of his book
j224CbZKwCM-00578-00141710-00141958 suggests between the sphere of embodied
j224CbZKwCM-00579-00141959-00142575 experience atmosphere and pantheon
j224CbZKwCM-00580-00142576-00142828 according to his a yama our embodied
j224CbZKwCM-00581-00142829-00143014 experience and our experience of
j224CbZKwCM-00582-00143015-00143194 atmospheres can be felt in varying
j224CbZKwCM-00583-00143195-00143379 degrees of consonants or dissonance
j224CbZKwCM-00584-00143380-00143620 experiences of grief may take the form
j224CbZKwCM-00585-00143621-00143779 of something that tinges our whole
j224CbZKwCM-00586-00143780-00143988 embodied experience or may fill the room
j224CbZKwCM-00587-00143989-00144295 where awake is being held that these
j224CbZKwCM-00588-00144296-00144493 different spheres exist becomes most
j224CbZKwCM-00589-00144494-00144649 apparent when we experience
j224CbZKwCM-00590-00144650-00144886 incommensurability between our embodied
j224CbZKwCM-00591-00144887-00145063 experience and the atmosphere around us
j224CbZKwCM-00592-00145064-00145285 someone was scared of flying such as
j224CbZKwCM-00593-00145286-00145522 myself it's often not only distressed by
j224CbZKwCM-00594-00145523-00145744 the fact that she is flying but more
j224CbZKwCM-00595-00145745-00145891 disturbingly by the fact that everyone
j224CbZKwCM-00596-00145892-00146086 around her is behaving so nonchalantly
j224CbZKwCM-00597-00146087-00146308 about being trapped thousands of meters
j224CbZKwCM-00598-00146309-00146593 above ground in a metal tube
j224CbZKwCM-00599-00146594-00146739 that these two spheres embodied
j224CbZKwCM-00600-00146740-00146923 experience in atmosphere can be
j224CbZKwCM-00601-00146924-00147118 experienced as dissonant or consonant
j224CbZKwCM-00602-00147119-00147370 leads to the inside that this dissonance
j224CbZKwCM-00603-00147371-00147612 our consonants is experienced in the
j224CbZKwCM-00604-00147613-00147795 further sphere which encompasses both
j224CbZKwCM-00605-00147796-00148024 namely the pen sphere so this is what
j224CbZKwCM-00606-00148025-00148408 this picture supposed to elucidate said
j224CbZKwCM-00607-00148409-00148599 Penske has experienced when we
j224CbZKwCM-00608-00148600-00148798 experience such a unity or harmony
j224CbZKwCM-00609-00148799-00148962 between all other spheres that we are
j224CbZKwCM-00610-00148963-00149185 unable to differentiate between spheres
j224CbZKwCM-00611-00149186-00149398 now experience a state of absolute
j224CbZKwCM-00612-00149399-00149785 immersion with a yama reads the work of
j224CbZKwCM-00613-00149786-00150157 Suzuki Sasaki not Zoomer as different
j224CbZKwCM-00614-00150158-00150409 themes on the resonances of embodied
j224CbZKwCM-00615-00150410-00150745 sphere and atmosphere okay I think I
j224CbZKwCM-00616-00150746-00150997 will maybe just start my presentation at
j224CbZKwCM-00617-00150998-00151096 this point because I've already gone a
j224CbZKwCM-00618-00151097-00151311 bit over time I would have just
j224CbZKwCM-00619-00151312-00151566 otherwise shown the quote from his book
j224CbZKwCM-00620-00151567-00152124 and as I'm sunshield yeah why not so
j224CbZKwCM-00621-00152125-00152463 it's very nice ending so this is the no
j224CbZKwCM-00622-00152464-00152710 so were kami points out in his
j224CbZKwCM-00623-00152711-00153474 introduction to venture oh that it's
j224CbZKwCM-00624-00153475-00153615 interesting that in this book people
j224CbZKwCM-00625-00153616-00153859 keep looking at the sky whereas all
j224CbZKwCM-00626-00153860-00154062 other books the characters seem to be
j224CbZKwCM-00627-00154063-00154219 forced to look at the ground
j224CbZKwCM-00628-00154220-00154360 and to be confronted with their own
j224CbZKwCM-00629-00154361-00154587 problems and so on so this is just this
j224CbZKwCM-00630-00154588-00154924 Mikami's and be in the introduction to
j224CbZKwCM-00631-00154925-00155245 this book whatever it is yeah I'm sorry
j224CbZKwCM-00632-00155246-00155475 to to rip it away from you but this is
j224CbZKwCM-00633-00155476-00155853 now from the book itself and the sky was
j224CbZKwCM-00634-00155854-00156111 so clear before said minik oh now the
j224CbZKwCM-00635-00156112-00156378 color is all muddied sanshiro
j224CbZKwCM-00636-00156379-00156561 took his eyes from the stream and looked
j224CbZKwCM-00637-00156562-00156793 up this was not the first time he had
j224CbZKwCM-00638-00156794-00156966 seen a sky like this but it was the
j224CbZKwCM-00639-00156967-00157147 first time he had heard the sky
j224CbZKwCM-00640-00157148-00157384 described as muddied and she was right
j224CbZKwCM-00641-00157385-00157660 he saw there was no other way to
j224CbZKwCM-00642-00157661-00157921 describe this color before he could say
j224CbZKwCM-00643-00157922-00158221 anything in reply however me Niko spoke
j224CbZKwCM-00644-00158222-00158536 again it's so heavy it looks like marble
j224CbZKwCM-00645-00158537-00158773 she said using the English word she was
j224CbZKwCM-00646-00158774-00159034 looking up high eyes narrowed then she
j224CbZKwCM-00647-00159035-00159201 moved her narrowed eyes slowly until
j224CbZKwCM-00648-00159202-00159486 they were turned upon as I'm sure it
j224CbZKwCM-00649-00159487-00159814 takes it does look like marble don't you
j224CbZKwCM-00650-00159815-00160160 sanshiro had no chance got to be green
j224CbZKwCM-00651-00160161-00160454 yes it looks like marlin me Niko fell
j224CbZKwCM-00652-00160455-00160526 silent
j224CbZKwCM-00653-00160527-00160748 after some minutes Rosanna zero who
j224CbZKwCM-00654-00160749-00161015 spoke under sky like this the heart
j224CbZKwCM-00655-00161016-00161339 cuckoo becomes heavy and the senses key
j224CbZKwCM-00656-00161340-00161585 become light what do you mean by that
j224CbZKwCM-00657-00161586-00161888 Manuka said ask Santa Dora had not meant
j224CbZKwCM-00658-00161889-00162122 such much of anything by it instead of
j224CbZKwCM-00659-00162123-00162383 answering her question he said it's a
j224CbZKwCM-00660-00162384-00162716 comforting dreary sort of sky it seems
j224CbZKwCM-00661-00162717-00162932 as if it's about to move but then it
j224CbZKwCM-00662-00162933-00163253 never does me Niko began watching
j224CbZKwCM-00663-00163254-00163526 another far-off cloud this is really a
j224CbZKwCM-00664-00163527-00163907 very unsatisfying talk about weather
j224CbZKwCM-00665-00163908-00164321 anyway I feel as though this shows that
j224CbZKwCM-00666-00164322-00164561 where does it that the same weather can
j224CbZKwCM-00667-00164562-00164846 be experienced differently and it plays
j224CbZKwCM-00668-00164847-00165029 in a sense to me more self-discovery
j224CbZKwCM-00669-00165030-00165400 so people only are able to basically
j224CbZKwCM-00670-00165401-00165769 understand their own experiences often
j224CbZKwCM-00671-00165770-00166175 on the background of what the
j224CbZKwCM-00672-00166176-00166382 experiences and in fact at one point in
j224CbZKwCM-00673-00166383-00166412 the book
j224CbZKwCM-00674-00166413-00166928 a friend of sanshiro asks him how do you
j224CbZKwCM-00675-00166929-00167480 feel when you look at the sky like this
j224CbZKwCM-00676-00167481-00168043 [Applause]
j224CbZKwCM-00677-00168044-00168315 when you pass by but I think we can stay
j224CbZKwCM-00678-00168316-00168528 within 3-4 minutes for a couple of
j224CbZKwCM-00679-00168529-00169965 questions speaking Japanese yes and one
j224CbZKwCM-00680-00169966-00170326 thing it may be might be interesting for
j224CbZKwCM-00681-00170327-00170545 you starting to me notice that actually
j224CbZKwCM-00682-00170546-00170923 be one character started this also was
j224CbZKwCM-00683-00170924-00171145 also you was also used by Chinese
j224CbZKwCM-00684-00171146-00171493 commenter's to as a profession for in
j224CbZKwCM-00685-00171494-00171796 the Antonio so and finesse itself and
j224CbZKwCM-00686-00171797-00172215 also is now using coolant to just mean
j224CbZKwCM-00687-00172216-00172716 speciality it's in talking on a Japanese
j224CbZKwCM-00688-00172717-00172924 side that's really impacted language
j224CbZKwCM-00689-00172925-00174153 itself then there's talk about Bruce and
j224CbZKwCM-00690-00174154-00174378 about whether there's something in
j224CbZKwCM-00691-00174379-00174862 between using whether large or space and
j224CbZKwCM-00692-00174863-00175177 that's like that's a category that is
j224CbZKwCM-00693-00175178-00175549 lacking in it's particularly liking this
j224CbZKwCM-00694-00175550-00176050 one his people's air live landscape one
j224CbZKwCM-00695-00176051-00176295 way we talk about power armor series
j224CbZKwCM-00696-00176296-00176689 visible or shape of the land the heirs
j224CbZKwCM-00697-00176690-00177016 of human whereas in
j224CbZKwCM-00698-00177017-00177412 like okay so we get winds and shadow or
j224CbZKwCM-00699-00177413-00177760 chevron collar wind lights all these
j224CbZKwCM-00700-00177761-00180574 words I think I asked afterwards for the
j224CbZKwCM-00701-00180575-00180944 year for the names and so on thank you
j224CbZKwCM-00702-00180945-00182120 for your watching she considers parts of
j224CbZKwCM-00703-00182121-00182345 a futon or it is fun insulated as a
j224CbZKwCM-00704-00182346-00182686 climate you know in English so but it is
j224CbZKwCM-00705-00182687-00182902 a kind of problem because I think
j224CbZKwCM-00706-00182903-00183448 climate or rather whether I believe the
j224CbZKwCM-00707-00183449-00183722 concept it is not what you this idea so
j224CbZKwCM-00708-00183723-00184907 what so I mean yeah I got the idea from
j224CbZKwCM-00709-00184908-00185060 words would read so during my
j224CbZKwCM-00710-00185061-00185248 undergraduate degree I I was lucky
j224CbZKwCM-00711-00185249-00185407 enough to have a course on Fudo and
j224CbZKwCM-00712-00185408-00185696 that's where I and his critique of
j224CbZKwCM-00713-00185697-00185866 Heidegger speciality is what kind of
j224CbZKwCM-00714-00185867-00186079 brought me into trying to think of the
j224CbZKwCM-00715-00186080-00186376 phenomena more better I guess
j224CbZKwCM-00716-00186377-00186596 but I wasn't so disappointed in the
j224CbZKwCM-00717-00186597-00186865 actual phenomenology of by the phenomena
j224CbZKwCM-00718-00186866-00187135 which is you know in food or a bit
j224CbZKwCM-00719-00187136-00187261 lacking her that obviously isn't his
j224CbZKwCM-00720-00187262-00187556 main his main point but the introduction
j224CbZKwCM-00721-00187557-00187987 to food or where he describes how what
j224CbZKwCM-00722-00187988-00188159 is cold is a subject or object and
j224CbZKwCM-00723-00188160-00188383 someone that seems very very interesting
j224CbZKwCM-00724-00188384-00188657 so I thought I would definitely refer if
j224CbZKwCM-00725-00188658-00188948 if I were to continue my research on
j224CbZKwCM-00726-00188949-00189202 this and I also think that there's there
j224CbZKwCM-00727-00189203-00189361 must be some link between understanding
j224CbZKwCM-00728-00189362-00189668 weather phenomena
j224CbZKwCM-00729-00189669-00189903 iconic for atmospheres and then
j224CbZKwCM-00730-00189904-00190077 accounting for climates it just seems to
j224CbZKwCM-00731-00190078-00190278 be so will be I guess like an extension
j224CbZKwCM-00732-00190279-00190662 of this phenomena to toward higher
j224CbZKwCM-00733-00190663-00190965 levels but speaking opinion logically if
j224CbZKwCM-00734-00190966-00191214 you don't know what rain is a phenomena
j224CbZKwCM-00735-00191215-00191493 you can't speak of one soon time it I
j224CbZKwCM-00736-00191494-00191712 would say so that movie may be useful to
j224CbZKwCM-00737-00191713-00192519 to build it very slowly I guess I wonder
j224CbZKwCM-00738-00192520-00193617 how one takes a trapeze flying over here
j224CbZKwCM-00739-00193618-00193911 I find it much clearer than all and I
j224CbZKwCM-00740-00193912-00194217 didn't know much about it before so I
j224CbZKwCM-00741-00194218-00194580 was surprised when I was asked for plays
j224CbZKwCM-00742-00194581-00195105 a very big part yes I mean that's like
j224CbZKwCM-00743-00195106-00195321 the other really interesting part of the
j224CbZKwCM-00744-00195322-00195627 weather phenomena that speaking in a in
j224CbZKwCM-00745-00195628-00195897 the stillness in a being in time
j224CbZKwCM-00746-00195898-00196116 framework he also talked of natural
j224CbZKwCM-00747-00196117-00196317 catastrophes he says there are things
j224CbZKwCM-00748-00196318-00196623 which are meaningful and meaningless so
j224CbZKwCM-00749-00196624-00196830 for example something can be meaningless
j224CbZKwCM-00750-00196831-00197019 cuz it doesn't matter but it still has
j224CbZKwCM-00751-00197020-00197343 meaning in the sense that it has a
j224CbZKwCM-00752-00197344-00197496 meaning to me but it still assign a
j224CbZKwCM-00753-00197497-00197676 meaning and then yes this other category
j224CbZKwCM-00754-00197677-00197967 the unmeaning fool saw something which
j224CbZKwCM-00755-00197968-00198294 can never have meaning and something he
j224CbZKwCM-00756-00198295-00198506 what is the example is is I think
j224CbZKwCM-00757-00198507-00198774 natural weather catastrophes and that
j224CbZKwCM-00758-00198775-00199002 there's this whole element of even if I
j224CbZKwCM-00759-00199003-00199179 can account for atmospheric phenomena
j224CbZKwCM-00760-00199180-00199488 and logically weather and these
j224CbZKwCM-00761-00199489-00199686 catastrophes especially as strong number
j224CbZKwCM-00762-00199687-00199875 of weather point of the fact that this
j224CbZKwCM-00763-00199876-00200058 whole element of nature at something
j224CbZKwCM-00764-00200059-00200304 which I'm confronted with which has to
j224CbZKwCM-00765-00200305-00200529 be accounted for like a more active way
j224CbZKwCM-00766-00200530-00200930 maybe so yeah but I mean to be honest I
j224CbZKwCM-00767-00200931-00201165 chose weather as a topic on purpose
j224CbZKwCM-00768-00201166-00201342 because it is not so negative so I can
j224CbZKwCM-00769-00201343-00201561 talk about sunny weather and rainy
j224CbZKwCM-00770-00201562-00201708 weather and everyone's you know still
j224CbZKwCM-00771-00201709-00201963 feeling good whereas usually it
j224CbZKwCM-00772-00201964-00202266 etymology you are often make up to five
j224CbZKwCM-00773-00202267-00202500 slides already in death and illness and
j224CbZKwCM-00774-00202501-00202716 sickness just to get to the phenomenon
j224CbZKwCM-00775-00202717-00203003 just to say you know all things become
j224CbZKwCM-00776-00203004-00203694 anxiety disclosed but yeah that this is
j224CbZKwCM-00777-00203695-00204579 something positive in this
j224CbZKwCM-00778-00204580-00205975 [Music]
j224CbZKwCM-00779-00205976-00206853 [Music]
j224CbZKwCM-00780-00206854-00208317 [Music]
j224CbZKwCM-00781-00208319-00209010 [Music]
j224CbZKwCM-00782-00209011-00209386 what am I to be is talking about climate
j224CbZKwCM-00783-00209387-00209983 all always the element of culture comes
j224CbZKwCM-00784-00209984-00210225 in because we understand ourselves a
j224CbZKwCM-00785-00210226-00210766 scientist and we act the news comes to
j224CbZKwCM-00786-00210767-00211879 that so we build dams and maybe what you
j224CbZKwCM-00787-00211880-00212473 would say and here he breaks into a very
j224CbZKwCM-00788-00212473-00212746 questionable and problematic type
j224CbZKwCM-00789-00212746-00213696 ecology of climate my question is if you
j224CbZKwCM-00790-00213698-00214129 would accommodate the notion of of
j224CbZKwCM-00791-00214130-00214504 culture into your animals of climate
j224CbZKwCM-00792-00214505-00215210 would that be the next step to example
j224CbZKwCM-00793-00215211-00215613 [Music]
j224CbZKwCM-00794-00215614-00216283 and this is a very long shot but how
j224CbZKwCM-00795-00216284-00216648 would you argue to escape the obvious
j224CbZKwCM-00796-00216650-00217173 the terminus tick trap and this was in
j224CbZKwCM-00797-00217175-00217501 cold callous and cold as well he says
j224CbZKwCM-00798-00217502-00217692 people press attackers get crushes
j224CbZKwCM-00799-00217694-00218258 always looks like there is a
j224CbZKwCM-00800-00218259-00218671 or pancake and this language is really
j224CbZKwCM-00801-00218671-00219210 tricky yet so three parts about truck
j224CbZKwCM-00802-00219211-00219842 driving types of climbing is climbing
j224CbZKwCM-00803-00219844-00220144 yeah I think so I think it's actually
j224CbZKwCM-00804-00220144-00220374 not that difficult of a problem so I
j224CbZKwCM-00805-00220375-00220540 would just disagree with one suji's
j224CbZKwCM-00806-00220541-00220755 claim that consciousness becomes
j224CbZKwCM-00807-00220756-00220950 conscious in a climate I think that goes
j224CbZKwCM-00808-00220951-00221283 much too far in describing the necessity
j224CbZKwCM-00809-00221284-00221583 of climate and by what I want to do with
j224CbZKwCM-00810-00221584-00221783 the same general quote was to show
j224CbZKwCM-00811-00221784-00221992 climate is just the medium of self
j224CbZKwCM-00812-00221992-00222255 understanding and in that sense you can
j224CbZKwCM-00813-00222256-00222474 have a wetter climate and that makes
j224CbZKwCM-00814-00222475-00222712 sense that people who live in the desert
j224CbZKwCM-00815-00222713-00223098 as a as a climate zone have I know where
j224CbZKwCM-00816-00223100-00223296 a lot of cloth because it shields from
j224CbZKwCM-00817-00223298-00223441 the sunshine or whatever and these are
j224CbZKwCM-00818-00223442-00223584 all things but they don't they don't
j224CbZKwCM-00819-00223585-00223875 determine them they just are agent in
j224CbZKwCM-00820-00223876-00224167 themselves which look in the world for
j224CbZKwCM-00821-00224167-00224596 kind of mediums of self experience and
j224CbZKwCM-00822-00224596-00224757 one of these apart from all other
j224CbZKwCM-00823-00224758-00224985 cultural aspects and natural aspects is
j224CbZKwCM-00824-00224986-00225163 weather and these are their reactions
j224CbZKwCM-00825-00225164-00225459 but I mean this way you can also account
j224CbZKwCM-00826-00225460-00225619 for how different cultures arise in the
j224CbZKwCM-00827-00225619-00225831 same climates because if they just have
j224CbZKwCM-00828-00225832-00226182 dipped it just basically yeah the way
j224CbZKwCM-00829-00226183-00226332 they understand the weather they are in
j224CbZKwCM-00830-00226333-00226494 and their self reflection is different
j224CbZKwCM-00831-00226496-00226696 and there's like no determinism I would
j224CbZKwCM-00832-00226696-00227003 say it's more like inspiration
j224CbZKwCM-00833-00227004-00227515 [Music]
j224CbZKwCM-00834-00227516-00228341 [Applause]
j2v-cW43oFQ-00000-00000000-00000776 call me Nikki economy kill okay
j2v-cW43oFQ-00001-00000777-00002559 [Music]
j2v-cW43oFQ-00002-00002560-00003511 [Music]
j2v-cW43oFQ-00003-00003513-00004479 [Music]
j2v-cW43oFQ-00004-00004480-00007352 [Music]
j2v-cW43oFQ-00005-00007353-00008312 [Music]
j2v-cW43oFQ-00006-00008313-00009279 [Music]
j2v-cW43oFQ-00007-00009280-00010239 [Music]
j2v-cW43oFQ-00008-00010240-00012463 [Music]
j2v-cW43oFQ-00009-00012464-00012752 okay I'm about to go enjoy some couscous
j2v-cW43oFQ-00010-00012753-00013238 and back in the night
j3j5zerZ_lA-00000-00000191-00000344 breakfast
j3j5zerZ_lA-00001-00000345-00002259 [Music]
j5kXJE_-nPy-00000-00000011-00000087 [Music]
j5kXJE_-nPy-00001-00000088-00000342 well hello there everybody and welcome
j5kXJE_-nPy-00002-00000343-00000574 to another tuesday teaching tips with me
j5kXJE_-nPy-00003-00000575-00000767 sally cathcart
j5kXJE_-nPy-00004-00000768-00001103 now today i want to talk about
j5kXJE_-nPy-00005-00001104-00001431 how being playful can really unlock
j5kXJE_-nPy-00006-00001432-00001655 the learning and that goes for all of us
j5kXJE_-nPy-00007-00001655-00001791 whether it's ourselves
j5kXJE_-nPy-00008-00001792-00002063 or our students because i wonder how
j5kXJE_-nPy-00009-00002064-00002255 being put on the spot with a question
j5kXJE_-nPy-00010-00002256-00002455 how does it make you feel
j5kXJE_-nPy-00011-00002456-00002631 i'm just going to take an example for
j5kXJE_-nPy-00012-00002632-00002783 myself
j5kXJE_-nPy-00013-00002784-00003039 mental maths for example i i can vaguely
j5kXJE_-nPy-00014-00003040-00003367 do mental maths if i'm given my own time
j5kXJE_-nPy-00015-00003368-00003703 and space to do it in but ask me for a
j5kXJE_-nPy-00016-00003704-00003775 very quick
j5kXJE_-nPy-00017-00003776-00003935 question being put on the spot by
j5kXJE_-nPy-00018-00003936-00004086 somebody i know who's got the answer
j5kXJE_-nPy-00019-00004087-00004199 already
j5kXJE_-nPy-00020-00004200-00004470 and i feel very uncomfortable and my
j5kXJE_-nPy-00021-00004471-00004583 brain goes to fog
j5kXJE_-nPy-00022-00004584-00004854 and it will freeze and it will just
j5kXJE_-nPy-00023-00004855-00004983 frankly stop working
j5kXJE_-nPy-00024-00004984-00005191 and go sally you should be able to do
j5kXJE_-nPy-00025-00005192-00005335 this really now
j5kXJE_-nPy-00026-00005336-00005486 i'm sure you know the feeling where
j5kXJE_-nPy-00027-00005487-00005647 you've been put on the spot you've been
j5kXJE_-nPy-00028-00005648-00005918 asked a question by an expert or you're
j5kXJE_-nPy-00029-00005919-00006127 in front of a group of your peers
j5kXJE_-nPy-00030-00006128-00006518 and you you maybe you do know the answer
j5kXJE_-nPy-00031-00006519-00006846 but you just go absolutely into that
j5kXJE_-nPy-00032-00006847-00006951 brain fog
j5kXJE_-nPy-00033-00006952-00007303 area you know what i mean no wonder
j5kXJE_-nPy-00034-00007304-00007542 how many times our students feel like
j5kXJE_-nPy-00035-00007543-00007678 that in their lessons
j5kXJE_-nPy-00036-00007679-00007878 you know to be frank they're not experts
j5kXJE_-nPy-00037-00007879-00008014 are they our students
j5kXJE_-nPy-00038-00008015-00008223 and we expect them to keep an awful lot
j5kXJE_-nPy-00039-00008224-00008327 of knowledge
j5kXJE_-nPy-00040-00008328-00008607 in their head bubbling around we have it
j5kXJE_-nPy-00041-00008608-00008727 so they should they're coming for
j5kXJE_-nPy-00042-00008728-00008895 lessons at least once a week
j5kXJE_-nPy-00043-00008896-00009095 you know once a week that's 30 minutes
j5kXJE_-nPy-00044-00009096-00009359 in um a week that's got i forget how
j5kXJE_-nPy-00045-00009360-00009614 many it's got now but 1050
j5kXJE_-nPy-00046-00009615-00009846 other minutes in it um a lot more than
j5kXJE_-nPy-00047-00009847-00010046 that i can't remember how many now but
j5kXJE_-nPy-00048-00010047-00010278 the um you see brain fog there going on
j5kXJE_-nPy-00049-00010279-00010406 being put on the spot
j5kXJE_-nPy-00050-00010407-00010695 so i think our students often do feel
j5kXJE_-nPy-00051-00010696-00010935 really quite petrified in terms of how
j5kXJE_-nPy-00052-00010936-00011078 their brain feels
j5kXJE_-nPy-00053-00011079-00011238 they're trying to give an answer but
j5kXJE_-nPy-00054-00011239-00011455 they just can't remember but if we can
j5kXJE_-nPy-00055-00011456-00011631 turn it around and make the learning
j5kXJE_-nPy-00056-00011632-00011751 more playful
j5kXJE_-nPy-00057-00011752-00011951 and the way we're doing it more playful
j5kXJE_-nPy-00058-00011952-00012167 then all of a sudden that frees up
j5kXJE_-nPy-00059-00012168-00012446 the the juices in the brain with my
j5kXJE_-nPy-00060-00012447-00012614 students what i've been doing a lot of
j5kXJE_-nPy-00061-00012615-00012695 recently
j5kXJE_-nPy-00062-00012696-00012927 is getting them to say the letter names
j5kXJE_-nPy-00063-00012928-00013030 for scales
j5kXJE_-nPy-00064-00013031-00013366 or for pentacles or for triads or for
j5kXJE_-nPy-00065-00013368-00013607 anything i want them to do but instead
j5kXJE_-nPy-00066-00013608-00013735 of putting them
j5kXJE_-nPy-00067-00013736-00013983 on the spot and getting them just to say
j5kXJE_-nPy-00068-00013984-00014071 it back to me
j5kXJE_-nPy-00069-00014072-00014335 we actually take it in turns the other
j5kXJE_-nPy-00070-00014336-00014503 thing that's made me think about this
j5kXJE_-nPy-00071-00014504-00014703 and i'm still teaching online
j5kXJE_-nPy-00072-00014704-00014911 by the way but um i don't think it's
j5kXJE_-nPy-00073-00014912-00015055 just on that but
j5kXJE_-nPy-00074-00015056-00015286 i know of quite a few uh children
j5kXJE_-nPy-00075-00015287-00015543 recently who have been having their
j5kXJE_-nPy-00076-00015544-00015830 normal lessons school lessons online and
j5kXJE_-nPy-00077-00015831-00015991 suddenly they have to come up with an
j5kXJE_-nPy-00078-00015991-00016263 answer in front of their peers maybe 20
j5kXJE_-nPy-00079-00016263-00016415 or 30 other children
j5kXJE_-nPy-00080-00016416-00016647 and the spotlight is on their face they
j5kXJE_-nPy-00081-00016648-00016903 know that everybody is watching them
j5kXJE_-nPy-00082-00016904-00017239 and it just really does scare
j5kXJE_-nPy-00083-00017240-00017535 and undermines their confidence i know
j5kXJE_-nPy-00084-00017536-00017615 it does
j5kXJE_-nPy-00085-00017616-00017814 so i mean that that really is what
j5kXJE_-nPy-00086-00017815-00018047 started off this train of thought
j5kXJE_-nPy-00087-00018048-00018447 so let's explore some being playful
j5kXJE_-nPy-00088-00018448-00018703 so let's pretend um that we're in a
j5kXJE_-nPy-00089-00018704-00018799 lesson together
j5kXJE_-nPy-00090-00018800-00018983 and we're going to say the letter names
j5kXJE_-nPy-00091-00018984-00019111 of a g minor
j5kXJE_-nPy-00092-00019112-00019311 harmonic scale okay you look for this
j5kXJE_-nPy-00093-00019312-00019471 out there i can see lots of people
j5kXJE_-nPy-00094-00019472-00019607 watching so we've got a couple of
j5kXJE_-nPy-00095-00019608-00019758 lizzie's we've got a dixie
j5kXJE_-nPy-00096-00019759-00019927 kathy jill thank you so much for
j5kXJE_-nPy-00097-00019928-00020063 watching i hope you're going to join in
j5kXJE_-nPy-00098-00020064-00020119 now
j5kXJE_-nPy-00099-00020120-00020327 because this is a a collaborative
j5kXJE_-nPy-00100-00020328-00020535 session so we're going to say the letter
j5kXJE_-nPy-00101-00020536-00020655 names of a g
j5kXJE_-nPy-00102-00020656-00020927 harmonic minor scale so i'm going to
j5kXJE_-nPy-00103-00020928-00021022 start with g
j5kXJE_-nPy-00104-00021023-00021294 and then you'd say a then i'll do b flat
j5kXJE_-nPy-00105-00021295-00021455 and you do c and i'll do d
j5kXJE_-nPy-00106-00021456-00021711 yeah okay like that up to the top okay
j5kXJE_-nPy-00107-00021712-00021807 so i'm going to start
j5kXJE_-nPy-00108-00021808-00022230 g your turn b flat
j5kXJE_-nPy-00109-00022231-00022630 d f sharp
j5kXJE_-nPy-00110-00022631-00022927 a very good so now let's go backwards it
j5kXJE_-nPy-00111-00022928-00023103 gets a bit harder now yeah this is where
j5kXJE_-nPy-00112-00023104-00023222 the giggles start
j5kXJE_-nPy-00113-00023223-00023639 so i'll start g
j5kXJE_-nPy-00114-00023640-00024111 e flat c
j5kXJE_-nPy-00115-00024112-00024511 a g oh i said both of them
j5kXJE_-nPy-00116-00024512-00024791 um obviously you would do it appropriate
j5kXJE_-nPy-00117-00024792-00024958 with your student if it was a beginner
j5kXJE_-nPy-00118-00024959-00025142 or an elementary student doing a new
j5kXJE_-nPy-00119-00025143-00025319 pentachord i've had some doing
j5kXJE_-nPy-00120-00025320-00025550 a d minor pentachord so we've said a d
j5kXJE_-nPy-00121-00025551-00025767 minor i've had some doing a g major
j5kXJE_-nPy-00122-00025768-00025950 scale so we've done the g major scale
j5kXJE_-nPy-00123-00025951-00026031 like that
j5kXJE_-nPy-00124-00026032-00026302 and it takes a bit longer like that to
j5kXJE_-nPy-00125-00026304-00026439 be honest but it's
j5kXJE_-nPy-00126-00026439-00026687 it's fine so then you can add an extra
j5kXJE_-nPy-00127-00026688-00026839 layer to it if you like
j5kXJE_-nPy-00128-00026839-00027055 and really emphasize the tonic and the
j5kXJE_-nPy-00129-00027056-00027214 dominant notes as well
j5kXJE_-nPy-00130-00027216-00027470 so why not let's do it together we're
j5kXJE_-nPy-00131-00027472-00027679 going to do this g minor scale again
j5kXJE_-nPy-00132-00027680-00027870 and we're going to sit down on the tonic
j5kXJE_-nPy-00133-00027872-00028039 note and we're going to stand up
j5kXJE_-nPy-00134-00028039-00028351 on the dominant okay every tonic we sit
j5kXJE_-nPy-00135-00028352-00028487 every dominant we stand
j5kXJE_-nPy-00136-00028488-00028774 you ready uh i'll go first again ready
j5kXJE_-nPy-00137-00028775-00028870 and
j5kXJE_-nPy-00138-00028872-00029239 g a b flat
j5kXJE_-nPy-00139-00029239-00029623 c d e f
j5kXJE_-nPy-00140-00029624-00029999 sharp backwards
j5kXJE_-nPy-00141-00030000-00030527 we're going to keep sitting down g
j5kXJE_-nPy-00142-00030527-00031207 e flat c
j5kXJE_-nPy-00143-00031208-00031446 nearly forgot and that's that's just
j5kXJE_-nPy-00144-00031447-00031614 lovely because again it's playful
j5kXJE_-nPy-00145-00031616-00031879 and it's fun and it's engaging it gets
j5kXJE_-nPy-00146-00031880-00032062 the brain working gets the body working
j5kXJE_-nPy-00147-00032063-00032158 as well
j5kXJE_-nPy-00148-00032160-00032327 you can do other things as well of
j5kXJE_-nPy-00149-00032327-00032695 course you know maybe it is that you do
j5kXJE_-nPy-00150-00032695-00032879 the tonic and the dominant in the
j5kXJE_-nPy-00151-00032880-00033015 thinking voice
j5kXJE_-nPy-00152-00033016-00033199 and of course you can then transfer this
j5kXJE_-nPy-00153-00033200-00033374 onto the piano and you can get them to
j5kXJE_-nPy-00154-00033375-00033511 stand up and sit down
j5kXJE_-nPy-00155-00033512-00033727 don't worry too much about the fingering
j5kXJE_-nPy-00156-00033728-00033862 you just play
j5kXJE_-nPy-00157-00033863-00034190 g a
j5kXJE_-nPy-00158-00034191-00034431 b flat we're not doing it alternately
j5kXJE_-nPy-00159-00034432-00034511 are we but
j5kXJE_-nPy-00160-00034512-00034839 g a b
j5kXJE_-nPy-00161-00034840-00035327 flat c d e flat
j5kXJE_-nPy-00162-00035328-00035646 f sharp g and so on and so forth like
j5kXJE_-nPy-00163-00035647-00035735 that
j5kXJE_-nPy-00164-00035736-00036039 yeah so i was doing it yesterday with a
j5kXJE_-nPy-00165-00036040-00036199 student who was doing chords and they
j5kXJE_-nPy-00166-00036200-00036311 were doing this um
j5kXJE_-nPy-00167-00036312-00036502 spaces and stuff like that and trying to
j5kXJE_-nPy-00168-00036503-00036711 remember what the space is
j5kXJE_-nPy-00169-00036712-00036959 you know understand the idea of the
j5kXJE_-nPy-00170-00036960-00037127 spaces and the skips and things like
j5kXJE_-nPy-00171-00037128-00037207 that
j5kXJE_-nPy-00172-00037208-00037390 you can use it for anything but that
j5kXJE_-nPy-00173-00037391-00037615 little playful element of my turn your
j5kXJE_-nPy-00174-00037616-00037679 turn
j5kXJE_-nPy-00175-00037680-00037911 sharing it with them really helps them
j5kXJE_-nPy-00176-00037912-00038007 to unlock
j5kXJE_-nPy-00177-00038008-00038215 the learning and makes it a much more
j5kXJE_-nPy-00178-00038216-00038311 powerful experience
j5kXJE_-nPy-00179-00038312-00038623 and doesn't feel so uncomfortable
j5kXJE_-nPy-00180-00038624-00038846 so i hope that's helpful i'll be doing
j5kXJE_-nPy-00181-00038847-00039015 more of that this afternoon with my
j5kXJE_-nPy-00182-00039016-00039071 students
j5kXJE_-nPy-00183-00039072-00039230 i hope you give it a go as well all
j5kXJE_-nPy-00184-00039231-00039443 right bye-bye for now thanks for
j5kXJE_-nPy-00185-00039444-00039744 watching
j6Mh0y5PODy-00000-00000775-00001039 hello and welcome to today's webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-00001-00001040-00001262 uncovering the red bag report
j6Mh0y5PODy-00002-00001263-00001558 today is all about the what the why and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00003-00001559-00001671 the how
j6Mh0y5PODy-00004-00001672-00001871 conducted the research and now we're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00005-00001872-00002095 bringing the results to you my name is
j6Mh0y5PODy-00006-00002096-00002191 isa
j6Mh0y5PODy-00007-00002192-00002415 i'm an employee of redback conferencing
j6Mh0y5PODy-00008-00002416-00002623 and i'll be your facilitator for today's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00009-00002624-00002718 session
j6Mh0y5PODy-00010-00002719-00002855 i would now like to welcome our
j6Mh0y5PODy-00011-00002856-00003095 presenter for today marketing manager at
j6Mh0y5PODy-00012-00003096-00003375 redback conferencing sarah gonzalez how
j6Mh0y5PODy-00013-00003376-00003543 are you today sarah
j6Mh0y5PODy-00014-00003544-00003735 i'm well thank you isaiah thank you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00015-00003736-00003943 everyone for joining today's um very
j6Mh0y5PODy-00016-00003944-00004167 special webinar um i just want to give
j6Mh0y5PODy-00017-00004168-00004351 you all a brief our brief overview for
j6Mh0y5PODy-00018-00004352-00004519 those of you who didn't join us last
j6Mh0y5PODy-00019-00004520-00004743 year just on the red pack report what it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00020-00004744-00004911 is and what we're actually going to get
j6Mh0y5PODy-00021-00004912-00005143 into um so this is the second year that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00022-00005144-00005454 it has been run and in 2013 we embarked
j6Mh0y5PODy-00023-00005455-00005654 on this journey to uncover the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00024-00005655-00005911 australian conference in landscape um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00025-00005912-00006070 and what it really did it provided us
j6Mh0y5PODy-00026-00006071-00006327 with insights and intelligence uh into
j6Mh0y5PODy-00027-00006328-00006591 the way that online audience or online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00028-00006592-00006759 audiences attend
j6Mh0y5PODy-00029-00006759-00006975 interact and engage with webinars and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00030-00006976-00007198 webcasts and so i hope one today is
j6Mh0y5PODy-00031-00007200-00007367 familiar with the concept of a webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-00032-00007368-00007575 and a webcast because we're going to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00033-00007576-00007774 jump right into the findings
j6Mh0y5PODy-00034-00007775-00007934 and talk about some of the fascinating
j6Mh0y5PODy-00035-00007936-00008055 facts um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00036-00008056-00008214 what we've found is it's absolutely
j6Mh0y5PODy-00037-00008215-00008431 amazing how much difference an entire
j6Mh0y5PODy-00038-00008432-00008583 year can make
j6Mh0y5PODy-00039-00008584-00008742 and you know we've found
j6Mh0y5PODy-00040-00008743-00008895 you know online events they're still
j6Mh0y5PODy-00041-00008896-00009135 quite early in the adoption phase
j6Mh0y5PODy-00042-00009136-00009351 but virtual attendees are becoming much
j6Mh0y5PODy-00043-00009352-00009527 more an honest with their feedback and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00044-00009528-00009695 they're expecting a lot more from online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00045-00009696-00009839 events
j6Mh0y5PODy-00046-00009840-00010014 last year people really spoke a lot
j6Mh0y5PODy-00047-00010015-00010214 about the importance of increasing
j6Mh0y5PODy-00048-00010215-00010487 interactivity and engagement um whereas
j6Mh0y5PODy-00049-00010488-00010655 this year you'll see through some of the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00050-00010656-00010863 findings um that while this is still
j6Mh0y5PODy-00051-00010864-00011103 considered quite important for many
j6Mh0y5PODy-00052-00011104-00011374 things more like on-demand recordings
j6Mh0y5PODy-00053-00011375-00011542 making sure that your presenter is
j6Mh0y5PODy-00054-00011543-00011767 prepared as well as sticking to agenda
j6Mh0y5PODy-00055-00011768-00011951 and stuff like that really top the wish
j6Mh0y5PODy-00056-00011952-00012135 list of many people attend um who
j6Mh0y5PODy-00057-00012136-00012383 completed the report however
j6Mh0y5PODy-00058-00012384-00012551 we like to say that the more things
j6Mh0y5PODy-00059-00012552-00012751 change the more they stay the same so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00060-00012752-00012879 there are a lot of things that have
j6Mh0y5PODy-00061-00012880-00013102 changed um have changed stayed the same
j6Mh0y5PODy-00062-00013103-00013230 sorry so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00063-00013231-00013503 really talking about accessibility um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00064-00013504-00013694 when people like to attend why they like
j6Mh0y5PODy-00065-00013695-00013911 to attend and how they like to attend
j6Mh0y5PODy-00066-00013912-00014022 then we're going to go through the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00067-00014023-00014271 opinion pieces so really outline the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00068-00014272-00014479 advantages and disadvantages and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00069-00014480-00014679 hopefully that will help you tailor your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00070-00014680-00014830 online events
j6Mh0y5PODy-00071-00014831-00015022 big baggage questions so the questions
j6Mh0y5PODy-00072-00015023-00015199 that everyone wants to know the answer
j6Mh0y5PODy-00073-00015200-00015519 to but really very rarely come out
j6Mh0y5PODy-00074-00015519-00015663 and then we also we're going to have
j6Mh0y5PODy-00075-00015663-00015830 some fun with some pollen towards the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00076-00015831-00015983 end and talk about what's important and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00077-00015984-00016215 what's necessarily not important to some
j6Mh0y5PODy-00078-00016216-00016350 um and then we'll be able to see how
j6Mh0y5PODy-00079-00016351-00016535 your responses stack up with those who
j6Mh0y5PODy-00080-00016536-00016743 completed the report so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00081-00016744-00016911 let's get started and i believe we're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00082-00016912-00017175 going to jump into a poll either
j6Mh0y5PODy-00083-00017176-00017383 yes so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00084-00017384-00017655 we just want to basically understand how
j6Mh0y5PODy-00085-00017656-00017855 familiar you are with webinars and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00086-00017856-00018407 webcasts so just launching that poll now
j6Mh0y5PODy-00087-00018408-00018575 so really just get an understanding on
j6Mh0y5PODy-00088-00018576-00018750 everyone online um how many online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00089-00018751-00018943 events you have attended prior to today
j6Mh0y5PODy-00090-00018944-00019247 so whether it be a webinar or a webcast
j6Mh0y5PODy-00091-00019248-00019391 um maybe
j6Mh0y5PODy-00092-00019392-00019599 quite familiar with how they all work so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00093-00019600-00019871 over 10 maybe you have attended none and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00094-00019872-00020030 this is your first one in which case
j6Mh0y5PODy-00095-00020031-00020255 welcome and we hope you enjoy um but
j6Mh0y5PODy-00096-00020256-00020407 this is really just to get to know
j6Mh0y5PODy-00097-00020408-00020599 people online and hopefully that will
j6Mh0y5PODy-00098-00020600-00020750 help us tailor what we're about to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00099-00020751-00020903 launch into now
j6Mh0y5PODy-00100-00020904-00021086 and we can see those results coming
j6Mh0y5PODy-00101-00021087-00021286 through now either with around forty
j6Mh0y5PODy-00102-00021287-00021527 percent of people saying under five
j6Mh0y5PODy-00103-00021528-00021703 and then the second highest is thirty
j6Mh0y5PODy-00104-00021704-00021958 four percent of people over ten so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00105-00021959-00022230 um it's good to see people are familiar
j6Mh0y5PODy-00106-00022231-00022407 with the service so that's um that's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00107-00022408-00022686 great um if we do speak it out anything
j6Mh0y5PODy-00108-00022687-00022830 that you're not really familiar with and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00109-00022831-00022950 you're like oh does that really make
j6Mh0y5PODy-00110-00022951-00023047 sense i don't really know what you're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00111-00023048-00023263 talking about there please feel free to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00112-00023264-00023439 use the chat box in the bottom left hand
j6Mh0y5PODy-00113-00023440-00023655 corner um and that way we can respond to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00114-00023656-00023830 your questions as they come through and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00115-00023831-00024175 then also have some time at the end
j6Mh0y5PODy-00116-00024176-00024486 great
j6Mh0y5PODy-00117-00024487-00024630 okay we're going to talk about the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00118-00024631-00024903 respondents now um and the people who
j6Mh0y5PODy-00119-00024904-00025135 actually did complete the survey
j6Mh0y5PODy-00120-00025136-00025486 so um just a bit of an overview um so we
j6Mh0y5PODy-00121-00025487-00025687 talk about sector um and there's no
j6Mh0y5PODy-00122-00025688-00025894 surprises here when we compare this to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00123-00025895-00026102 last year that the not-for-profit um and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00124-00026104-00026358 association sector are the largest um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00125-00026360-00026551 they're the people who do predominantly
j6Mh0y5PODy-00126-00026552-00026735 use online events within the people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00127-00026736-00026887 within our community
j6Mh0y5PODy-00128-00026888-00027143 so there was no surprise there um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00129-00027144-00027335 corporate and government also came in
j6Mh0y5PODy-00130-00027336-00027495 quite highly with the people that we
j6Mh0y5PODy-00131-00027495-00027767 actually surveyed um but what we found
j6Mh0y5PODy-00132-00027768-00028079 is compared to 2013 there was about a 15
j6Mh0y5PODy-00133-00028080-00028223 increase with those in the corporate
j6Mh0y5PODy-00134-00028224-00028543 sector using online events and about 12
j6Mh0y5PODy-00135-00028544-00028743 in government as well so just a bit of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00136-00028744-00028974 an overview there just um regarding the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00137-00028975-00029174 people who completed it and it's great
j6Mh0y5PODy-00138-00029175-00029367 um that we have aussie members online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00139-00029368-00029462 when we're talking about the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00140-00029463-00029807 not-for-profit association space
j6Mh0y5PODy-00141-00029808-00029967 and just industry in terms of a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00142-00029968-00030079 breakdown
j6Mh0y5PODy-00143-00030080-00030302 health care and medical and education
j6Mh0y5PODy-00144-00030304-00030487 and training were part of the biggest
j6Mh0y5PODy-00145-00030488-00030679 chunk as you can see there so we
j6Mh0y5PODy-00146-00030680-00031007 actually have 23 just over 23 of people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00147-00031008-00031214 within the healthcare and medical space
j6Mh0y5PODy-00148-00031216-00031343 and then 21
j6Mh0y5PODy-00149-00031344-00031535 education and training
j6Mh0y5PODy-00150-00031536-00031727 this is quite an average breakdown of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00151-00031727-00031839 everything
j6Mh0y5PODy-00152-00031839-00032014 and as we go into the statistics and the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00153-00032016-00032302 findings um this will make more sense
j6Mh0y5PODy-00154-00032303-00032543 because with education and training
j6Mh0y5PODy-00155-00032544-00032687 a lot of the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00156-00032688-00032918 responses really circulated around that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00157-00032919-00033199 as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-00158-00033200-00033423 um and just we just want to find out
j6Mh0y5PODy-00159-00033424-00033527 also
j6Mh0y5PODy-00160-00033528-00033718 how long people spend online we're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00161-00033719-00033959 talking about online events so we really
j6Mh0y5PODy-00162-00033960-00034183 wanted to get an understanding of what
j6Mh0y5PODy-00163-00034184-00034390 people's online usage is just whether it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00164-00034391-00034615 be in their working day or whether it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00165-00034616-00034767 actually be in their home environment
j6Mh0y5PODy-00166-00034768-00034902 because that obviously is going to play
j6Mh0y5PODy-00167-00034903-00035183 into you hosting your online events and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00168-00035184-00035390 who you're actually tailoring or who you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00169-00035391-00035583 actually want to hop online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00170-00035584-00035783 so what we've found here is that it's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00171-00035784-00036031 obvious that a large chunk of our
j6Mh0y5PODy-00172-00036032-00036295 working day is still spent online so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00173-00036296-00036590 26 of us we found were actually glued to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00174-00036591-00036783 the computer screens for around the four
j6Mh0y5PODy-00175-00036784-00036951 to eight hours
j6Mh0y5PODy-00176-00036952-00037087 so it's no wonder that people are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00177-00037088-00037335 becoming obsessed with the convenience
j6Mh0y5PODy-00178-00037336-00037615 of these online forms of communication
j6Mh0y5PODy-00179-00037616-00037807 but what does it really mean for you as
j6Mh0y5PODy-00180-00037808-00037974 people out there who are trying to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00181-00037975-00038174 engage with people and bring them online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00182-00038175-00038374 whether it be for membership purposes
j6Mh0y5PODy-00183-00038375-00038615 educational purposes or even just to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00184-00038616-00038846 inform people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00185-00038847-00039030 we think it presents opportunity
j6Mh0y5PODy-00186-00039031-00039255 obviously you know there's so many
j6Mh0y5PODy-00187-00039256-00039430 online channels available when we look
j6Mh0y5PODy-00188-00039431-00039783 at social media email marketing websites
j6Mh0y5PODy-00189-00039784-00039967 you do have the ability to engage people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00190-00039968-00040279 on so many online levels now um so where
j6Mh0y5PODy-00191-00040280-00040462 you think you know using these types of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00192-00040463-00040639 channels is obviously going to appeal to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00193-00040640-00040815 people but obviously being creative in
j6Mh0y5PODy-00194-00040816-00040951 how you do it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00195-00040952-00041135 and as we'll go into shortly um just
j6Mh0y5PODy-00196-00041136-00041302 making sure that you're really specific
j6Mh0y5PODy-00197-00041303-00041583 on your audience there
j6Mh0y5PODy-00198-00041584-00041862 and then also access as well so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00199-00041863-00042118 no surprises here we actually found
j6Mh0y5PODy-00200-00042119-00042446 accessing the internet during work hours
j6Mh0y5PODy-00201-00042447-00042662 12 percent of people we actually saw a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00202-00042663-00043055 12 increase in laptop usage at 37
j6Mh0y5PODy-00203-00043056-00043230 but we do want to stress and some of the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00204-00043231-00043415 findings and some of the responses that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00205-00043416-00043718 came back is that people are accessing
j6Mh0y5PODy-00206-00043719-00043815 mobile
j6Mh0y5PODy-00207-00043816-00044007 a little bit more than previously so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00208-00044008-00044223 really considering when you are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00209-00044224-00044462 promoting your online events um are your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00210-00044463-00044743 emails responsibly designed and are the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00211-00044744-00044935 registration pages that people are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00212-00044936-00045039 registering
j6Mh0y5PODy-00213-00045040-00045262 through accessible on a mobile device
j6Mh0y5PODy-00214-00045263-00045439 and is even the webinar that you're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00215-00045440-00045583 presenting or the webcast you're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00216-00045584-00045767 presenting accessible to those people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00217-00045768-00046030 online um so just a bit of an overall um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00218-00046031-00046239 view then just on their access and how
j6Mh0y5PODy-00219-00046240-00046430 people are accessing your online events
j6Mh0y5PODy-00220-00046431-00046623 either
j6Mh0y5PODy-00221-00046624-00046815 all right so now we've got
j6Mh0y5PODy-00222-00046816-00047023 the respondents covered
j6Mh0y5PODy-00223-00047024-00047174 let's get into the nuts and bolts of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00224-00047175-00047415 online meetings and events so why do
j6Mh0y5PODy-00225-00047416-00047646 people attend online meetings and events
j6Mh0y5PODy-00226-00047647-00047935 such as webinars and webcasts era
j6Mh0y5PODy-00227-00047936-00048127 well the people who we um actually
j6Mh0y5PODy-00228-00048128-00048335 surveyed they came back with this um and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00229-00048336-00048527 the highest part here is professional
j6Mh0y5PODy-00230-00048528-00048774 development 25 of people um and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00231-00048775-00048974 obviously no surprises considering that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00232-00048975-00049271 these people were the ones um we had 65
j6Mh0y5PODy-00233-00049272-00049462 or something from the not-for-profit
j6Mh0y5PODy-00234-00049463-00049727 space um and then we can actually also
j6Mh0y5PODy-00235-00049728-00049918 see that a high percent of people are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00236-00049919-00050023 actually
j6Mh0y5PODy-00237-00050024-00050127 um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00238-00050128-00050358 also partaking in these types of events
j6Mh0y5PODy-00239-00050359-00050590 for uh personal development as well as
j6Mh0y5PODy-00240-00050591-00050830 learning and education as well but as we
j6Mh0y5PODy-00241-00050831-00051007 can see professional development really
j6Mh0y5PODy-00242-00051008-00051158 at the top there
j6Mh0y5PODy-00243-00051159-00051511 as people as online events webinars and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00244-00051512-00051679 webcasts become more prominent in the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00245-00051679-00051887 corporate space i think we will see
j6Mh0y5PODy-00246-00051888-00052054 product launches and business meetings
j6Mh0y5PODy-00247-00052055-00052214 become a big part of it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00248-00052215-00052407 but a lot of people also said to us that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00249-00052408-00052615 you know they're starting to use online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00250-00052616-00052759 events they've been using them for so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00251-00052760-00052950 long within the professional development
j6Mh0y5PODy-00252-00052951-00053126 space now they're bringing them in for
j6Mh0y5PODy-00253-00053127-00053342 internal communication so board meetings
j6Mh0y5PODy-00254-00053344-00053535 and business meetings as you can see
j6Mh0y5PODy-00255-00053536-00053671 here
j6Mh0y5PODy-00256-00053672-00053919 um and in terms of how often these
j6Mh0y5PODy-00257-00053920-00054094 people like to attend
j6Mh0y5PODy-00258-00054095-00054350 um we actually this is actually quite
j6Mh0y5PODy-00259-00054351-00054679 interesting what we can see here um so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00260-00054679-00054975 the findings in 2013 we actually saw 30
j6Mh0y5PODy-00261-00054976-00055150 percent of respondents said they
j6Mh0y5PODy-00262-00055151-00055415 attended webinars on a weekly basis that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00263-00055416-00055759 figure has actually dropped now to 18
j6Mh0y5PODy-00264-00055760-00055950 um so as you can see
j6Mh0y5PODy-00265-00055951-00056111 we're looking
j6Mh0y5PODy-00266-00056112-00056359 at there we go
j6Mh0y5PODy-00267-00056360-00056607 weekly um on the other end we've seen a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00268-00056608-00056863 50 we've seen a 15 increase in those
j6Mh0y5PODy-00269-00056864-00057135 partaking in online events on a more
j6Mh0y5PODy-00270-00057136-00057415 regular basis monthly so 49 of people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00271-00057416-00057575 are attention
j6Mh0y5PODy-00272-00057576-00057935 events online events on a monthly basis
j6Mh0y5PODy-00273-00057936-00058094 and we can we can just give a bit of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00274-00058095-00058294 inside information here with our clients
j6Mh0y5PODy-00275-00058295-00058454 and people who are partaking in
j6Mh0y5PODy-00276-00058455-00058663 professional development events most of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00277-00058664-00058959 them are on on a monthly basis as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-00278-00058960-00059150 so that also ties into the question that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00279-00059151-00059342 was um held here before
j6Mh0y5PODy-00280-00059344-00059647 so this really tells us um that you know
j6Mh0y5PODy-00281-00059648-00059854 the use of webinars and webcasts as a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00282-00059855-00060054 key educational tool is definitely on
j6Mh0y5PODy-00283-00060055-00060350 the rise um but it's important to note
j6Mh0y5PODy-00284-00060351-00060511 that they are becoming more common and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00285-00060512-00060759 competition is going to also be on the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00286-00060760-00061007 rise as well um so once again if you are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00287-00061008-00061230 hosting monthly events um making sure
j6Mh0y5PODy-00288-00061232-00061391 that they are it's really consistent
j6Mh0y5PODy-00289-00061391-00061615 it's really regular and also being aware
j6Mh0y5PODy-00290-00061616-00061815 of what your competitors are doing
j6Mh0y5PODy-00291-00061816-00062038 you know webinars very very
j6Mh0y5PODy-00292-00062039-00062215 everywhere now in the online space i
j6Mh0y5PODy-00293-00062216-00062359 know we use them a lot for personal
j6Mh0y5PODy-00294-00062360-00062550 development here even internationally we
j6Mh0y5PODy-00295-00062551-00062750 attend a lot of international webinars
j6Mh0y5PODy-00296-00062751-00062975 and we probably receive around 10 to 12
j6Mh0y5PODy-00297-00062976-00063142 invitations a week just for marketing
j6Mh0y5PODy-00298-00063144-00063375 webinars um so really if you are going
j6Mh0y5PODy-00299-00063376-00063615 to launch into an online event program
j6Mh0y5PODy-00300-00063616-00063775 really be mindful of the fact that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00301-00063776-00063919 people are attending them quite
j6Mh0y5PODy-00302-00063920-00064135 regularly um so you always need to find
j6Mh0y5PODy-00303-00064136-00064287 a way to sort of stand out from the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00304-00064288-00064447 crowd
j6Mh0y5PODy-00305-00064448-00064663 um and just a question from mike and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00306-00064664-00064854 tess um so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00307-00064855-00065006 sorry we didn't actually put that in a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00308-00065007-00065230 slide beforehand um but professional
j6Mh0y5PODy-00309-00065232-00065406 development we just had if you if you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00310-00065407-00065663 belong to a membership organization um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00311-00065664-00065782 is it compulsory professional
j6Mh0y5PODy-00312-00065783-00065950 development where you're actually
j6Mh0y5PODy-00313-00065951-00066143 gaining points from as opposed to just
j6Mh0y5PODy-00314-00066144-00066535 learning an education on a regular basis
j6Mh0y5PODy-00315-00066536-00066831 great so now we know the why and how but
j6Mh0y5PODy-00316-00066832-00067015 let's just try and understand the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00317-00067016-00067191 advantages so a little task for all the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00318-00067192-00067438 participants online now can you please
j6Mh0y5PODy-00319-00067439-00067743 type into the text box um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00320-00067744-00067991 what they find the main advantages of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00321-00067992-00068206 online events so tell us tell us the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00322-00068207-00068391 advantages
j6Mh0y5PODy-00323-00068392-00068623 yes so if everyone can just type into
j6Mh0y5PODy-00324-00068624-00068806 the chat box in the bottom left hand
j6Mh0y5PODy-00325-00068807-00068999 corner what do you find the main
j6Mh0y5PODy-00326-00069000-00069231 advantages are of online events
j6Mh0y5PODy-00327-00069232-00069382 and it'll be interesting to see if these
j6Mh0y5PODy-00328-00069383-00069494 actually stack up with what the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00329-00069495-00069655 respondents said
j6Mh0y5PODy-00330-00069656-00069943 so we've got ease of access convenience
j6Mh0y5PODy-00331-00069944-00070215 the ability to reach regional queensland
j6Mh0y5PODy-00332-00070216-00070463 a lot coming here i think convenience is
j6Mh0y5PODy-00333-00070464-00070655 a massive one either
j6Mh0y5PODy-00334-00070656-00070991 and also accessibility is big as well um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00335-00070992-00071199 so thanks for that feedback everybody
j6Mh0y5PODy-00336-00071200-00071350 and it is quite consistent with what
j6Mh0y5PODy-00337-00071351-00071526 we're seeing so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00338-00071527-00071703 the three main responses that we got
j6Mh0y5PODy-00339-00071704-00072006 were cost effectiveness convenience and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00340-00072007-00072255 time so i think everyone's on the same
j6Mh0y5PODy-00341-00072256-00072567 page there which is great um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00342-00072568-00072655 so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00343-00072656-00072838 it's very similar to last year they all
j6Mh0y5PODy-00344-00072839-00073071 rated really they're fairly equally in
j6Mh0y5PODy-00345-00073072-00073382 terms as you can see they're 24 28 27
j6Mh0y5PODy-00346-00073383-00073638 there as well um however we also ask
j6Mh0y5PODy-00347-00073639-00073838 people to elaborate on the responses as
j6Mh0y5PODy-00348-00073839-00074047 well so why they are giving us um you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00349-00074048-00074262 know the percentages we also wanted to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00350-00074263-00074447 know if there were any other any other
j6Mh0y5PODy-00351-00074448-00074638 advantages and this is also interesting
j6Mh0y5PODy-00352-00074639-00074782 because it's quite consistent with what
j6Mh0y5PODy-00353-00074783-00074903 people are saying
j6Mh0y5PODy-00354-00074904-00075119 um having the ability to view content at
j6Mh0y5PODy-00355-00075120-00075335 a later date by on demand recordings
j6Mh0y5PODy-00356-00075336-00075519 which is also another advantage to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00357-00075520-00075615 people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00358-00075616-00075871 having access to a wider range of topics
j6Mh0y5PODy-00359-00075872-00076071 due to no
j6Mh0y5PODy-00360-00076072-00076255 geographical barriers so once again just
j6Mh0y5PODy-00361-00076256-00076415 speaking to those in regional and remote
j6Mh0y5PODy-00362-00076416-00076550 locations
j6Mh0y5PODy-00363-00076551-00076726 and having access to international
j6Mh0y5PODy-00364-00076727-00076982 presenters at any time of the day um so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00365-00076983-00077150 they were the top three things that came
j6Mh0y5PODy-00366-00077151-00077367 through when people were elaborating on
j6Mh0y5PODy-00367-00077368-00077575 this response um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00368-00077576-00077767 so it's really important to take this
j6Mh0y5PODy-00369-00077768-00077943 sort of thing into account when you are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00370-00077944-00078111 managing your online events because this
j6Mh0y5PODy-00371-00078112-00078359 is what the people are asking for
j6Mh0y5PODy-00372-00078360-00078503 we recommend you know through your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00373-00078504-00078671 promotional material and your marketing
j6Mh0y5PODy-00374-00078672-00078935 material if you are going to record your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00375-00078936-00079159 webinar and host it on demand afterwards
j6Mh0y5PODy-00376-00079160-00079326 let people know
j6Mh0y5PODy-00377-00079327-00079526 if you do have an international speaker
j6Mh0y5PODy-00378-00079527-00079719 coming in and they are really well known
j6Mh0y5PODy-00379-00079720-00079862 and they're an expert in the industry
j6Mh0y5PODy-00380-00079863-00080103 that you work in make a big fuss of it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00381-00080104-00080303 and let people know that you know this
j6Mh0y5PODy-00382-00080304-00080503 person i mean from an international
j6Mh0y5PODy-00383-00080504-00080671 location the reason why you should
j6Mh0y5PODy-00384-00080672-00080855 attend this webinar is because it's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00385-00080856-00081055 convenient this is what people are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00386-00081056-00081167 asking for
j6Mh0y5PODy-00387-00081168-00081391 um so yeah once again when if you are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00388-00081392-00081575 even recording events sign which we'll
j6Mh0y5PODy-00389-00081576-00081750 go into in a moment always having some
j6Mh0y5PODy-00390-00081751-00081935 sort of strategy afterwards for how
j6Mh0y5PODy-00391-00081936-00082103 people can access that um but
j6Mh0y5PODy-00392-00082104-00082287 interesting there to see either that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00393-00082288-00082494 we've got um similar responses from
j6Mh0y5PODy-00394-00082495-00082719 everyone online as well which is great
j6Mh0y5PODy-00395-00082720-00082967 definitely lots of advantages there but
j6Mh0y5PODy-00396-00082968-00083071 can you tell me some of the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00397-00083072-00083294 disadvantages
j6Mh0y5PODy-00398-00083295-00083526 yes um so there's always two sides for a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00399-00083527-00083679 coin um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00400-00083680-00083911 and you know once again the responses
j6Mh0y5PODy-00401-00083912-00084135 were quite consistent with disadvantages
j6Mh0y5PODy-00402-00084136-00084287 and i think this is probably one of the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00403-00084288-00084462 most important findings um and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00404-00084463-00084726 especially in terms of how we can help
j6Mh0y5PODy-00405-00084727-00084999 you guys run your online events time
j6Mh0y5PODy-00406-00085000-00085231 zone challenges was massive and it's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00407-00085232-00085487 something that didn't even come up last
j6Mh0y5PODy-00408-00085488-00085767 year so as an attendee join in an online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00409-00085768-00086038 event if they're located in queensland
j6Mh0y5PODy-00410-00086039-00086215 during
j6Mh0y5PODy-00411-00086216-00086399 daylight savings time for example the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00412-00086400-00086582 amount of people who said that people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00413-00086583-00086726 just don't communicate properly when
j6Mh0y5PODy-00414-00086727-00086887 they actually send out their details and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00415-00086888-00087023 their reminders and then they miss the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00416-00087024-00087255 webinar because of a simple mistake
j6Mh0y5PODy-00417-00087256-00087535 um poorly conceived presentations with
j6Mh0y5PODy-00418-00087536-00087838 no interaction and too much content
j6Mh0y5PODy-00419-00087839-00088062 and i personally think this is the case
j6Mh0y5PODy-00420-00088063-00088303 in face-to-face events as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-00421-00088304-00088447 and that really plays into your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00422-00088448-00088615 presenter as well which we'll also go
j6Mh0y5PODy-00423-00088616-00088782 into shortly
j6Mh0y5PODy-00424-00088783-00088959 the lack of networking opportunities
j6Mh0y5PODy-00425-00088960-00089159 which also didn't really come up last
j6Mh0y5PODy-00426-00089160-00089271 year as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-00427-00089272-00089359 um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00428-00089360-00089550 so one of the things is people said they
j6Mh0y5PODy-00429-00089551-00089687 are online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00430-00089688-00089879 but they miss out when you're in a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00431-00089880-00090047 face-to-face environment you can
j6Mh0y5PODy-00432-00090048-00090175 actually have
j6Mh0y5PODy-00433-00090176-00090311 you know before
j6Mh0y5PODy-00434-00090312-00090471 the actual event happens you have those
j6Mh0y5PODy-00435-00090472-00090631 networking drinks afterwards you have
j6Mh0y5PODy-00436-00090632-00090791 those networking drinks and while you're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00437-00090792-00090991 only taking an hour or so out of your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00438-00090992-00091255 time for these online events there is a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00439-00091256-00091518 little bit of lack of humanity in some
j6Mh0y5PODy-00440-00091519-00091655 cases
j6Mh0y5PODy-00441-00091656-00091879 lateness and not sticking to the agenda
j6Mh0y5PODy-00442-00091880-00092047 so i think a few people who did complete
j6Mh0y5PODy-00443-00092048-00092271 the report were quite big on the fact
j6Mh0y5PODy-00444-00092272-00092462 that you know these events should start
j6Mh0y5PODy-00445-00092463-00092631 on time because
j6Mh0y5PODy-00446-00092632-00092823 it takes me two minutes to be distracted
j6Mh0y5PODy-00447-00092824-00093079 by like richard just said emails or
j6Mh0y5PODy-00448-00093080-00093279 something coming in and then i'm gone
j6Mh0y5PODy-00449-00093280-00093406 and then someone on the other side of my
j6Mh0y5PODy-00450-00093407-00093631 desk is calling out to me then i've got
j6Mh0y5PODy-00451-00093632-00093903 a meeting and my time is precious um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00452-00093904-00094087 and also agenda as well a lot of people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00453-00094088-00094318 say they receive these invitations with
j6Mh0y5PODy-00454-00094319-00094623 a world of promises and they hop online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00455-00094624-00094823 and the presenter has goes completely
j6Mh0y5PODy-00456-00094824-00095015 off topic and they have no interaction
j6Mh0y5PODy-00457-00095016-00095206 they have too much content like we said
j6Mh0y5PODy-00458-00095207-00095438 earlier um and it just it just really
j6Mh0y5PODy-00459-00095439-00095567 really prevents them from wanting to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00460-00095568-00095759 attend any more and then obviously the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00461-00095760-00095943 big one technology failures which i
j6Mh0y5PODy-00462-00095944-00096199 think is huge for everyone
j6Mh0y5PODy-00463-00096200-00096382 and i put my hand up as well i've been
j6Mh0y5PODy-00464-00096383-00096567 on a few webinars where there have been
j6Mh0y5PODy-00465-00096568-00096838 a few technology issues and it's going
j6Mh0y5PODy-00466-00096839-00096959 to happen
j6Mh0y5PODy-00467-00096960-00097191 um but people did say obviously it does
j6Mh0y5PODy-00468-00097192-00097374 play a major part but if there is a plan
j6Mh0y5PODy-00469-00097375-00097694 b and if there is an easy fix and is if
j6Mh0y5PODy-00470-00097695-00097855 there is communication throughout the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00471-00097856-00098071 webinar then that's fine as long as you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00472-00098072-00098294 know stuff doesn't fall down and no one
j6Mh0y5PODy-00473-00098295-00098438 tells them what's happening and they
j6Mh0y5PODy-00474-00098439-00098574 have no idea what they're going to do
j6Mh0y5PODy-00475-00098575-00098806 next um so they were the top five
j6Mh0y5PODy-00476-00098807-00099126 disadvantages of online events um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00477-00099127-00099399 and i think for us as organizers and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00478-00099400-00099599 event planners and hosts
j6Mh0y5PODy-00479-00099600-00099782 we need to do as much as possible to try
j6Mh0y5PODy-00480-00099783-00099959 and overcome these challenges because i
j6Mh0y5PODy-00481-00099960-00100111 think as
j6Mh0y5PODy-00482-00100112-00100343 the online space gets more competitive
j6Mh0y5PODy-00483-00100344-00100518 it's going to be harder and harder and i
j6Mh0y5PODy-00484-00100519-00100694 think your attendees may be a little bit
j6Mh0y5PODy-00485-00100695-00100974 more ruthless so if an event fails
j6Mh0y5PODy-00486-00100975-00101126 that's it they're going to move on to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00487-00101127-00101415 something else um so for time zone
j6Mh0y5PODy-00488-00101416-00101623 challenges for example um what we
j6Mh0y5PODy-00489-00101624-00101799 started doing now we do this for aussie
j6Mh0y5PODy-00490-00101800-00102071 as well um we include time zones for all
j6Mh0y5PODy-00491-00102072-00102335 capital cities uh within the emails and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00492-00102336-00102566 also the registration pages so when you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00493-00102567-00102823 receive your reminder or details email
j6Mh0y5PODy-00494-00102824-00102958 you don't just have this webinar will be
j6Mh0y5PODy-00495-00102959-00103158 at one o'clock you have if you're in
j6Mh0y5PODy-00496-00103159-00103302 this state the webinar will be at this
j6Mh0y5PODy-00497-00103303-00103478 time this time and this time and then
j6Mh0y5PODy-00498-00103479-00103815 also including a link to timeanddate.com
j6Mh0y5PODy-00499-00103816-00103990 which if you click on that it'll take
j6Mh0y5PODy-00500-00103991-00104118 you and you can actually convert the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00501-00104119-00104310 time yourself
j6Mh0y5PODy-00502-00104311-00104518 in terms of poor presentations how do we
j6Mh0y5PODy-00503-00104519-00104654 overcome this
j6Mh0y5PODy-00504-00104655-00104871 and i think this is really brief in
j6Mh0y5PODy-00505-00104872-00105143 presenters and i think
j6Mh0y5PODy-00506-00105144-00105319 for a long time now people have really
j6Mh0y5PODy-00507-00105320-00105486 misunderstood the importance of your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00508-00105488-00105758 presenter um and understanding that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00509-00105759-00105951 presenting face-to-face is completely
j6Mh0y5PODy-00510-00105952-00106143 different to online especially if you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00511-00106144-00106431 have webcams involved um so making sure
j6Mh0y5PODy-00512-00106432-00106678 that you know you're the event organizer
j6Mh0y5PODy-00513-00106679-00106863 and they're the presenter but at the end
j6Mh0y5PODy-00514-00106864-00107054 of the day it is your event so you are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00515-00107055-00107278 responsible for you know if you want
j6Mh0y5PODy-00516-00107279-00107390 interaction and if you want
j6Mh0y5PODy-00517-00107391-00107590 collaboration in your event let them
j6Mh0y5PODy-00518-00107591-00107871 know um providing them with rehearsals
j6Mh0y5PODy-00519-00107872-00108047 beforehand to make sure that they get it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00520-00108048-00108183 right and make sure you're across
j6Mh0y5PODy-00521-00108183-00108415 everything that happens and being firm i
j6Mh0y5PODy-00522-00108416-00108566 think some people tend to back down when
j6Mh0y5PODy-00523-00108567-00108751 it comes to their presenters
j6Mh0y5PODy-00524-00108752-00108831 um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00525-00108832-00109031 lack of networking opportunities and we
j6Mh0y5PODy-00526-00109032-00109231 actually got some advice throughout this
j6Mh0y5PODy-00527-00109232-00109447 um part of the session and people said
j6Mh0y5PODy-00528-00109448-00109654 you know people being able to utilize
j6Mh0y5PODy-00529-00109655-00109886 social media more um having twitter
j6Mh0y5PODy-00530-00109888-00110151 integration within their um webinars and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00531-00110152-00110439 their webcasts for example um one person
j6Mh0y5PODy-00532-00110440-00110639 actually came up with a great idea and i
j6Mh0y5PODy-00533-00110640-00110783 think sometimes you get some gold
j6Mh0y5PODy-00534-00110783-00111031 nuggets out of this sort of stuff
j6Mh0y5PODy-00535-00111032-00111286 a pre-q a chat session
j6Mh0y5PODy-00536-00111288-00111534 which is interesting so um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00537-00111535-00111783 that that would work yeah
j6Mh0y5PODy-00538-00111783-00112015 so what we could have done for example
j6Mh0y5PODy-00539-00112016-00112271 um and excuse us for being busy through
j6Mh0y5PODy-00540-00112272-00112399 the report together but next time we'll
j6Mh0y5PODy-00541-00112400-00112639 do it um is you know for those of you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00542-00112640-00112847 who want to come online beforehand and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00543-00112848-00113007 chat to the presenter about any
j6Mh0y5PODy-00544-00113008-00113158 questions that you may have all the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00545-00113159-00113415 findings on a one-on-one basis feel free
j6Mh0y5PODy-00546-00113416-00113663 to come online 20 minutes earlier
j6Mh0y5PODy-00547-00113664-00113831 and that way you can collaborate and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00548-00113832-00114095 connect with other people online as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-00549-00114096-00114407 and then also um forums afterwards so um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00550-00114408-00114583 if you have a panel of presenters or
j6Mh0y5PODy-00551-00114583-00114758 something maybe you know the q a goes
j6Mh0y5PODy-00552-00114759-00114886 for too long and there's too many
j6Mh0y5PODy-00553-00114888-00115095 questions so tell everyone to stay
j6Mh0y5PODy-00554-00115096-00115319 online and have a chat can't hurt like
j6Mh0y5PODy-00555-00115320-00115647 being backstage isn't it yeah i think so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00556-00115648-00115831 and i think get people involved from
j6Mh0y5PODy-00557-00115832-00116110 beginning during and end it really
j6Mh0y5PODy-00558-00116111-00116302 stands out as well it's not just sitting
j6Mh0y5PODy-00559-00116303-00116502 online looking at a powerpoint and not
j6Mh0y5PODy-00560-00116503-00116727 being engaged with the presenter
j6Mh0y5PODy-00561-00116728-00117023 can actually be quite powerful i think
j6Mh0y5PODy-00562-00117024-00117166 so whoever's going to be the first
j6Mh0y5PODy-00563-00117167-00117327 person to run that i'm going to put a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00564-00117328-00117510 challenge out there to everyone online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00565-00117511-00117790 if you host a webinar and is to engage
j6Mh0y5PODy-00566-00117791-00118054 everyone before during and after your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00567-00118055-00118383 event um in some way um please let us
j6Mh0y5PODy-00568-00118383-00118599 know um maybe we'll give a prize we
j6Mh0y5PODy-00569-00118600-00118719 haven't thought about it yet or we'll do
j6Mh0y5PODy-00570-00118720-00118871 a case study or we'll be really
j6Mh0y5PODy-00571-00118872-00119102 impressed
j6Mh0y5PODy-00572-00119103-00119375 um and then also lateness and not
j6Mh0y5PODy-00573-00119376-00119558 sticking to a gender so usually you'd
j6Mh0y5PODy-00574-00119559-00119758 like to think that this could be fixed
j6Mh0y5PODy-00575-00119759-00119999 quite easily um but sometimes it can't
j6Mh0y5PODy-00576-00120000-00120215 be helped and once again really brief
j6Mh0y5PODy-00577-00120216-00120463 your presenters um utilizing a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00578-00120464-00120654 facilitator like our wonderful eyes are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00579-00120655-00120871 here as well so if i tend to go off
j6Mh0y5PODy-00580-00120872-00121095 track and move my hands around too much
j6Mh0y5PODy-00581-00121096-00121295 like i am right now she can just give me
j6Mh0y5PODy-00582-00121296-00121607 that look and i can know that it's okay
j6Mh0y5PODy-00583-00121608-00121702 um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00584-00121703-00121943 and then also technology as well so you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00585-00121944-00122143 know let's talk about murphy's law it's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00586-00122144-00122310 going to happen
j6Mh0y5PODy-00587-00122311-00122486 always ensure that you've got as much
j6Mh0y5PODy-00588-00122488-00122663 backup as possible and you do have a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00589-00122664-00122814 plan b
j6Mh0y5PODy-00590-00122815-00123014 you have to have local support you have
j6Mh0y5PODy-00591-00123015-00123190 to really be connected with your webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-00592-00123191-00123327 provider as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-00593-00123328-00123510 and make sure that they know your goals
j6Mh0y5PODy-00594-00123511-00123678 and make sure that they know how
j6Mh0y5PODy-00595-00123679-00123895 important this is to you as well we try
j6Mh0y5PODy-00596-00123896-00124134 and remove the burden from yourself
j6Mh0y5PODy-00597-00124135-00124358 um and they're the disadvantages and how
j6Mh0y5PODy-00598-00124359-00124527 to overcome them and just quickly just
j6Mh0y5PODy-00599-00124528-00124758 stephen what platform do you suggest for
j6Mh0y5PODy-00600-00124759-00125014 pre and post forums um i think this
j6Mh0y5PODy-00601-00125015-00125207 really depends on the type of event um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00602-00125208-00125431 especially it may be a hybrid event
j6Mh0y5PODy-00603-00125432-00125534 where you're running an annual
j6Mh0y5PODy-00604-00125535-00125734 conference um and you're webcasting the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00605-00125735-00125951 event live in which case there are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00606-00125952-00126223 private um social networking um forums
j6Mh0y5PODy-00607-00126224-00126407 um and we're partnered with someone from
j6Mh0y5PODy-00608-00126408-00126534 there as well which i can provide you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00609-00126535-00126678 information with
j6Mh0y5PODy-00610-00126679-00126814 whereas if you are just doing one
j6Mh0y5PODy-00611-00126815-00127014 webinar a month you can even just open
j6Mh0y5PODy-00612-00127015-00127199 up the webinar room early if you like
j6Mh0y5PODy-00613-00127200-00127319 and then have everyone stay on
j6Mh0y5PODy-00614-00127320-00127431 afterwards
j6Mh0y5PODy-00615-00127432-00127623 you could even use a facebook group if
j6Mh0y5PODy-00616-00127624-00127814 you wanted to um but definitely look
j6Mh0y5PODy-00617-00127815-00128039 into some private social networking hubs
j6Mh0y5PODy-00618-00128040-00128263 out there um confident is one of them
j6Mh0y5PODy-00619-00128264-00128527 who we work with um but yeah you can be
j6Mh0y5PODy-00620-00128528-00128702 really creative in terms of using
j6Mh0y5PODy-00621-00128703-00128951 anything um free to you the webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-00622-00128952-00129175 platform or even go one step for his
j6Mh0y5PODy-00623-00129176-00129327 forums
j6Mh0y5PODy-00624-00129328-00129486 fantastic now i think we should get a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00625-00129488-00129719 bit more positive now yeah i know i feel
j6Mh0y5PODy-00626-00129720-00129934 like it's going a little bit negative
j6Mh0y5PODy-00627-00129935-00130086 um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00628-00130088-00130334 we also ask people what makes um their
j6Mh0y5PODy-00629-00130335-00130566 events enjoyable and not so enjoyable
j6Mh0y5PODy-00630-00130567-00130695 and the response
j6Mh0y5PODy-00631-00130696-00130902 responses sorry were very similar from
j6Mh0y5PODy-00632-00130903-00131102 last year when they sarah
j6Mh0y5PODy-00633-00131103-00131263 very similar it was actually quite
j6Mh0y5PODy-00634-00131264-00131431 uncanny um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00635-00131432-00131519 so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00636-00131520-00131814 content is massive so we're asking
j6Mh0y5PODy-00637-00131815-00131999 people who have joined these events in
j6Mh0y5PODy-00638-00132000-00132175 the past you know what makes them
j6Mh0y5PODy-00639-00132176-00132390 enjoyable what makes you be glued to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00640-00132391-00132599 your screen and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00641-00132600-00132759 it's amazing because the responses that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00642-00132760-00132895 we get this is the second year we've
j6Mh0y5PODy-00643-00132896-00133119 done it it's just that most of our
j6Mh0y5PODy-00644-00133120-00133366 webinar clients would never even think
j6Mh0y5PODy-00645-00133367-00133495 of and they just brushed to the side and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00646-00133496-00133687 don't think it's important um people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00647-00133688-00133902 come to us and say okay the presentation
j6Mh0y5PODy-00648-00133903-00134071 has to look really really pretty and it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00649-00134072-00134278 has to look amazing um and we have to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00650-00134279-00134390 interact with people throughout the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00651-00134391-00134551 entire webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-00652-00134552-00134839 and we need to really have a facilitator
j6Mh0y5PODy-00653-00134840-00134990 but people out there are saying and it's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00654-00134991-00135159 the content that really makes it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00655-00135160-00135447 enjoyable um finding the right presenter
j6Mh0y5PODy-00656-00135448-00135702 as well very consistent to last year
j6Mh0y5PODy-00657-00135703-00135966 they can make or break it um and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00658-00135967-00136151 obviously seamless technology is going
j6Mh0y5PODy-00659-00136152-00136423 to be up there as well um so you know
j6Mh0y5PODy-00660-00136424-00136671 don't take this as gospel and think that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00661-00136672-00136839 you know it has to need to focus you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00662-00136840-00137095 know 27 of your time on this and 24 on
j6Mh0y5PODy-00663-00137096-00137343 this but what we recommend is just being
j6Mh0y5PODy-00664-00137344-00137535 mindful and making sure that you take
j6Mh0y5PODy-00665-00137536-00137695 all of these facets into play when
j6Mh0y5PODy-00666-00137696-00137935 you're planning your webinar um you know
j6Mh0y5PODy-00667-00137936-00138223 obviously you've got um the technology
j6Mh0y5PODy-00668-00138224-00138439 as one part and then the ease of joining
j6Mh0y5PODy-00669-00138440-00138639 so try and leave that to someone else to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00670-00138640-00138790 take care of try and leave that to the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00671-00138791-00138919 webinar people and make sure they're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00672-00138920-00139143 looking after it um the content and the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00673-00139144-00139359 presentation don't just palm it off to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00674-00139360-00139590 your presentation your presenter try and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00675-00139591-00139790 have a role in it and make sure
j6Mh0y5PODy-00676-00139791-00139999 especially if you are running a regular
j6Mh0y5PODy-00677-00140000-00140214 series of webinars that all your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00678-00140215-00140390 presenters are quite similar in the way
j6Mh0y5PODy-00679-00140391-00140590 they present um and the presentation
j6Mh0y5PODy-00680-00140591-00140790 that they use is a template with your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00681-00140791-00141023 branding on it little things like that i
j6Mh0y5PODy-00682-00141024-00141159 think are going to appeal to your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00683-00141160-00141463 webinar audience um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00684-00141464-00141647 if they're glued to you and engage with
j6Mh0y5PODy-00685-00141648-00142127 you um as an association especially
j6Mh0y5PODy-00686-00142128-00142375 um but then you know we're sorry either
j6Mh0y5PODy-00687-00142376-00142511 we have to talk about them not so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00688-00142512-00142663 enjoyable as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-00689-00142664-00143014 um and once again you know very um very
j6Mh0y5PODy-00690-00143015-00143302 interesting here presenter number one um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00691-00143303-00143551 so really really get your presenters
j6Mh0y5PODy-00692-00143552-00143687 right um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00693-00143688-00143863 you know selecting the right presenter
j6Mh0y5PODy-00694-00143864-00144014 can make all the difference and that was
j6Mh0y5PODy-00695-00144015-00144254 a big recurring theme um in this year's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00696-00144255-00144583 report so you know if the presenter is
j6Mh0y5PODy-00697-00144584-00144783 making it less enjoyable then obviously
j6Mh0y5PODy-00698-00144784-00144990 you can fix it up for your next one um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00699-00144991-00145199 but you have to take some learnings um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00700-00145200-00145414 and having difficult technology is also
j6Mh0y5PODy-00701-00145415-00145623 going to place a burden on people um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00702-00145624-00145759 people don't want to have to sit there
j6Mh0y5PODy-00703-00145760-00145935 they're busy they don't want to have to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00704-00145936-00146111 join a webinar and sit there for half an
j6Mh0y5PODy-00705-00146112-00146287 hour and try and download something and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00706-00146288-00146471 get their it department involved it's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00707-00146472-00146719 just going to be way too cumbersome um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00708-00146720-00146863 and your members are just going to give
j6Mh0y5PODy-00709-00146864-00147063 up to be honest um especially if you're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00710-00147064-00147302 delivering free events
j6Mh0y5PODy-00711-00147303-00147590 making it easy is definitely definitely
j6Mh0y5PODy-00712-00147591-00147743 a big thing
j6Mh0y5PODy-00713-00147744-00147990 and once again you know it's about
j6Mh0y5PODy-00714-00147991-00148247 really engaging every single step of the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00715-00148248-00148407 webinar process
j6Mh0y5PODy-00716-00148408-00148566 and i'm sure most of you out there know
j6Mh0y5PODy-00717-00148567-00148814 there are planning stages and things
j6Mh0y5PODy-00718-00148815-00148983 that you need to do to get it right but
j6Mh0y5PODy-00719-00148984-00149223 we just really um you know recommend
j6Mh0y5PODy-00720-00149224-00149375 getting all of these things right for
j6Mh0y5PODy-00721-00149376-00149599 the next one um and don't be afraid to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00722-00149600-00149831 ask for help you know ask your webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-00723-00149832-00150047 provider the person who is helping you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00724-00150048-00150223 out you know what have other people been
j6Mh0y5PODy-00725-00150224-00150423 doing what makes their webinar so great
j6Mh0y5PODy-00726-00150424-00150590 you know how do i increase attendance
j6Mh0y5PODy-00727-00150591-00150807 online um obviously they're working with
j6Mh0y5PODy-00728-00150808-00151087 these people on a regular basis so try
j6Mh0y5PODy-00729-00151088-00151271 and filter as much knowledge out of them
j6Mh0y5PODy-00730-00151272-00151447 as possible
j6Mh0y5PODy-00731-00151448-00151663 fantastic all right now before we move
j6Mh0y5PODy-00732-00151664-00151878 on just to remind it to our participants
j6Mh0y5PODy-00733-00151879-00152095 to keep the questions coming
j6Mh0y5PODy-00734-00152096-00152311 um all right now
j6Mh0y5PODy-00735-00152312-00152823 we are on to baggage so please explain
j6Mh0y5PODy-00736-00152824-00152943 yeah so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00737-00152944-00153207 we tend to find um you know these are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00738-00153208-00153351 the questions that everyone wants to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00739-00153352-00153623 know the answer to um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00740-00153624-00153919 they're so heavily influenced by past
j6Mh0y5PODy-00741-00153920-00154278 experiences and external factors but
j6Mh0y5PODy-00742-00154279-00154502 they're always great to know um and once
j6Mh0y5PODy-00743-00154503-00154719 again you know unfortunately we'll never
j6Mh0y5PODy-00744-00154720-00154871 be able to change people's perceptions
j6Mh0y5PODy-00745-00154872-00155023 if they have had a bad experience or
j6Mh0y5PODy-00746-00155024-00155199 they are carrying around experiences
j6Mh0y5PODy-00747-00155200-00155319 that have really tainted their
j6Mh0y5PODy-00748-00155320-00155599 experiences of webinars and webcasts
j6Mh0y5PODy-00749-00155600-00155799 their responses are going to be a little
j6Mh0y5PODy-00750-00155800-00156023 bit skewed but it's always great to get
j6Mh0y5PODy-00751-00156024-00156214 an understanding of people out there and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00752-00156215-00156414 these are the fun ones as well i tend to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00753-00156415-00156775 find um so if we go on to webcams yay or
j6Mh0y5PODy-00754-00156776-00156895 nay
j6Mh0y5PODy-00755-00156896-00157039 i think this one divides everyone
j6Mh0y5PODy-00756-00157040-00157190 doesn't it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00757-00157191-00157302 yeah
j6Mh0y5PODy-00758-00157303-00157414 yeah
j6Mh0y5PODy-00759-00157415-00157647 so do they actually add anything to your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00760-00157648-00157878 online event or are they a distraction
j6Mh0y5PODy-00761-00157879-00158087 um and this is going to also vary
j6Mh0y5PODy-00762-00158088-00158254 between your presenters
j6Mh0y5PODy-00763-00158255-00158502 um so last this year we saw a massive
j6Mh0y5PODy-00764-00158503-00158743 spike in those people admitting that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00765-00158744-00159047 they add nothing to the event 41
j6Mh0y5PODy-00766-00159048-00159311 so that's a 19 increase from last year
j6Mh0y5PODy-00767-00159312-00159447 so while everyone thinks oh we have to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00768-00159448-00159671 have a webcam we have to have people um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00769-00159672-00159823 you know engage with the presenter and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00770-00159824-00160102 whatnot 19 increase of people thinking
j6Mh0y5PODy-00771-00160103-00160278 that they don't think they're so great
j6Mh0y5PODy-00772-00160279-00160502 um that's pretty big that's what we yeah
j6Mh0y5PODy-00773-00160503-00160711 that's what we like to think um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00774-00160712-00160926 however you've still got 40 out of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00775-00160927-00161126 people out there that do find that they
j6Mh0y5PODy-00776-00161127-00161390 add something to the event while 19 like
j6Mh0y5PODy-00777-00161391-00161551 oh i'm undecided it doesn't really phase
j6Mh0y5PODy-00778-00161552-00161735 me um so that's something to definitely
j6Mh0y5PODy-00779-00161736-00161911 take into account um and this should
j6Mh0y5PODy-00780-00161912-00162135 definitely be planned with your webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-00781-00162136-00162326 presenter because the last thing you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00782-00162327-00162495 want is someone online who's not
j6Mh0y5PODy-00783-00162496-00162671 comfortable no matter what and you're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00784-00162672-00162935 forcing them to present on a webcam and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00785-00162936-00163207 it just shows on the other side of the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00786-00163208-00163359 of the screen doesn't it they just look
j6Mh0y5PODy-00787-00163360-00163583 awkward and sometimes it does distract
j6Mh0y5PODy-00788-00163584-00163783 from the actual presentation as well so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00789-00163784-00163966 if you do want your participants
j6Mh0y5PODy-00790-00163967-00164135 concentrating on it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00791-00164136-00164359 and it's a good idea to sort of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00792-00164360-00164575 not use it right great
j6Mh0y5PODy-00793-00164576-00164831 yeah i agree um and you know what a lot
j6Mh0y5PODy-00794-00164832-00165071 of people are doing now um is really
j6Mh0y5PODy-00795-00165072-00165351 changing it up per event we tend to find
j6Mh0y5PODy-00796-00165352-00165735 um so each event you hold each audience
j6Mh0y5PODy-00797-00165736-00165878 communicating to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00798-00165879-00166031 and each presenter is going to have a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00799-00166032-00166271 different opinion opinion so post event
j6Mh0y5PODy-00800-00166272-00166519 feedback is a great way
j6Mh0y5PODy-00801-00166520-00166711 like people don't be afraid to ask what
j6Mh0y5PODy-00802-00166712-00166871 did you think of the webcam
j6Mh0y5PODy-00803-00166872-00167023 and if you have 80 percent of people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00804-00167024-00167151 come back and say i didn't know what i
j6Mh0y5PODy-00805-00167152-00167319 thought it was really really bad and it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00806-00167320-00167511 added nothing to the event
j6Mh0y5PODy-00807-00167512-00167671 there you go you've got your answer
j6Mh0y5PODy-00808-00167672-00167847 don't use it for the next one
j6Mh0y5PODy-00809-00167848-00168054 um but you know in terms of some little
j6Mh0y5PODy-00810-00168055-00168302 things that you can do to actually um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00811-00168303-00168487 you know utilize webcams or maybe not
j6Mh0y5PODy-00812-00168488-00168631 utilize them if you want you know the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00813-00168632-00168863 best of both worlds um what people like
j6Mh0y5PODy-00814-00168864-00169135 to do now um is activate the webcams for
j6Mh0y5PODy-00815-00169136-00169343 the beginning of the presentation so the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00816-00169344-00169614 introduction so isa and i had our slide
j6Mh0y5PODy-00817-00169615-00169775 out with our pictures so you could get a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00818-00169776-00169935 you know an understanding of who we are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00819-00169936-00170071 and put a face to the name and remove
j6Mh0y5PODy-00820-00170072-00170326 that technology barrier um but you could
j6Mh0y5PODy-00821-00170327-00170495 have it on for the beginning so isa does
j6Mh0y5PODy-00822-00170496-00170766 the introduction i come online say hello
j6Mh0y5PODy-00823-00170767-00170966 to everybody and then just tell you all
j6Mh0y5PODy-00824-00170967-00171087 that we're going to focus on the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00825-00171088-00171295 presentation and turn them off
j6Mh0y5PODy-00826-00171296-00171454 then at the end for q a we can bring
j6Mh0y5PODy-00827-00171455-00171566 them back up
j6Mh0y5PODy-00828-00171567-00171783 um and yeah go from there that's the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00829-00171784-00172038 best of both worlds we like to call it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00830-00172039-00172207 also consider bandwidth though so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00831-00172208-00172375 someone at the beginning mentioned that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00832-00172376-00172607 you know webinars are great for having
j6Mh0y5PODy-00833-00172608-00172831 access to those in regional and remote
j6Mh0y5PODy-00834-00172832-00173047 locations but those people don't
j6Mh0y5PODy-00835-00173048-00173247 necessarily have the best bandwidth um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00836-00173248-00173431 or maybe you're in an office environment
j6Mh0y5PODy-00837-00173432-00173607 where you can only access wireless for
j6Mh0y5PODy-00838-00173608-00173799 the time you're conducting the webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-00839-00173800-00174023 um and one of the biggest things is you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00840-00174024-00174199 know you can have a webcam up but if
j6Mh0y5PODy-00841-00174200-00174438 it's freezing and lagging and you know
j6Mh0y5PODy-00842-00174439-00174711 people are being pixelated it's such a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00843-00174712-00174854 bad experience for those on the other
j6Mh0y5PODy-00844-00174855-00175063 end of the line so if you are going to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00845-00175064-00175207 use them make sure you've got the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00846-00175208-00175447 necessary technology requirements
j6Mh0y5PODy-00847-00175448-00175551 um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00848-00175552-00175671 and you know people have panel
j6Mh0y5PODy-00849-00175672-00175831 discussions as well which is great so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00850-00175832-00175999 we've got people who just run entire
j6Mh0y5PODy-00851-00176000-00176207 webinars with webcams which is quite
j6Mh0y5PODy-00852-00176208-00176359 interesting but that's the way they like
j6Mh0y5PODy-00853-00176360-00176654 to do it um so you know you can have a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00854-00176655-00176887 facilitator in the background using the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00855-00176888-00177078 cameras um there's a functionality on
j6Mh0y5PODy-00856-00177079-00177319 this platform our platform that is an
j6Mh0y5PODy-00857-00177320-00177519 on-air off-air if you like because you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00858-00177520-00177654 don't want to have a panel of people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00859-00177655-00177783 sitting there
j6Mh0y5PODy-00860-00177784-00177959 you don't want to have one walking for
j6Mh0y5PODy-00861-00177960-00178087 20 minutes and everyone else just
j6Mh0y5PODy-00862-00178088-00178254 staring into space or looking at their
j6Mh0y5PODy-00863-00178255-00178447 notes or turning their chair around it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00864-00178448-00178663 can be really distracting um so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00865-00178664-00178814 definitely think about the types of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00866-00178815-00178999 events you're running think about the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00867-00179000-00179247 technology and think about mixing it up
j6Mh0y5PODy-00868-00179248-00179495 per event um and then yeah hopefully
j6Mh0y5PODy-00869-00179496-00179743 you'll come to some arrangement where
j6Mh0y5PODy-00870-00179744-00179975 every single event you hold is going to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00871-00179976-00180151 be perfect with the webcam whether you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00872-00180152-00180399 have them or not
j6Mh0y5PODy-00873-00180400-00180614 um another big question
j6Mh0y5PODy-00874-00180615-00180799 and this is just a bit of fun again and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00875-00180800-00180926 someone mentioned this before as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-00876-00180927-00181095 which i think is great and i love this
j6Mh0y5PODy-00877-00181096-00181302 question because i do it all the time
j6Mh0y5PODy-00878-00181303-00181454 have you ever secretly checked your
j6Mh0y5PODy-00879-00181455-00181735 emails while being online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00880-00181736-00182023 but what we actually found is that a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00881-00182024-00182271 year makes the entire difference
j6Mh0y5PODy-00882-00182272-00182343 so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00883-00182344-00182654 the majority of response of responses
j6Mh0y5PODy-00884-00182655-00182831 and respondents sorry admitted to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00885-00182832-00183199 checking their emails sometimes at 61
j6Mh0y5PODy-00886-00183200-00183559 38 admitted to always doing it but last
j6Mh0y5PODy-00887-00183560-00183847 year 90 percent admitted to always doing
j6Mh0y5PODy-00888-00183848-00184047 it so i don't know either if people were
j6Mh0y5PODy-00889-00184048-00184238 just a little bit more honest maybe
j6Mh0y5PODy-00890-00184239-00184399 they're just taking webinars a bit more
j6Mh0y5PODy-00891-00184400-00184623 seriously now maybe it's just become a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00892-00184624-00184999 part of them they've seen people yeah
j6Mh0y5PODy-00893-00185000-00185223 that's one way of looking at it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00894-00185224-00185454 but you know it's just a way of showing
j6Mh0y5PODy-00895-00185455-00185647 you know people do do these and it's a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00896-00185648-00185878 reality um and if you're online like i'm
j6Mh0y5PODy-00897-00185879-00186023 not sitting here thinking that no one
j6Mh0y5PODy-00898-00186024-00186295 else is doing anything although
j6Mh0y5PODy-00899-00186296-00186487 but you know it's a reality um but it's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00900-00186488-00186678 really important that you try and engage
j6Mh0y5PODy-00901-00186679-00186926 people as much as possible um and that
j6Mh0y5PODy-00902-00186927-00187078 you're presented you know keep this in
j6Mh0y5PODy-00903-00187079-00187223 mind don't sit there and make it the be
j6Mh0y5PODy-00904-00187224-00187399 all and end all and scare them
j6Mh0y5PODy-00905-00187400-00187743 while they're online um but make sure
j6Mh0y5PODy-00906-00187744-00187926 exactly carol you're right people i've
j6Mh0y5PODy-00907-00187927-00188135 been um at face-to-face events where
j6Mh0y5PODy-00908-00188136-00188326 people sit there on their iphones and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00909-00188327-00188599 how distracting is that for a presenter
j6Mh0y5PODy-00910-00188600-00188847 um so once again just something a little
j6Mh0y5PODy-00911-00188848-00188959 bit of fun and you know it's just
j6Mh0y5PODy-00912-00188960-00189151 something to be aware of
j6Mh0y5PODy-00913-00189152-00189326 as a presenter and as a webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-00914-00189327-00189495 organizer you are going to have people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00915-00189496-00189687 online who aren't going to be as engaged
j6Mh0y5PODy-00916-00189688-00189887 but try and incorporate little things in
j6Mh0y5PODy-00917-00189888-00190199 here and there such as tools and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00918-00190200-00190335 you know just little things here and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00919-00190336-00190511 there to make things easier for people
j6Mh0y5PODy-00920-00190512-00190687 to engage with you and your presenter
j6Mh0y5PODy-00921-00190688-00190902 online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00922-00190903-00191159 um and the skills required to make a
j6Mh0y5PODy-00923-00191160-00191350 presenter memorable
j6Mh0y5PODy-00924-00191351-00191599 um so here we've got a bit of a walter
j6Mh0y5PODy-00925-00191600-00191838 white graph for you all
j6Mh0y5PODy-00926-00191839-00192071 now you know we all know that polished
j6Mh0y5PODy-00927-00192072-00192263 and engaging presenters are required to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00928-00192264-00192471 make online events enjoyable we just saw
j6Mh0y5PODy-00929-00192472-00192702 that in the previous graph um but what
j6Mh0y5PODy-00930-00192703-00192943 are the skills um you know people online
j6Mh0y5PODy-00931-00192944-00193150 who completed the survey
j6Mh0y5PODy-00932-00193151-00193350 obviously had been to many many events
j6Mh0y5PODy-00933-00193351-00193454 before
j6Mh0y5PODy-00934-00193455-00193702 so we wanted to really find out what
j6Mh0y5PODy-00935-00193703-00193983 they thought the skills were um and once
j6Mh0y5PODy-00936-00193984-00194278 again the same as largely last year
j6Mh0y5PODy-00937-00194279-00194535 knowledge enthusiasm and tone of voice
j6Mh0y5PODy-00938-00194536-00194871 were quite high um personality also
j6Mh0y5PODy-00939-00194872-00195111 snuck in there as well um but what's
j6Mh0y5PODy-00940-00195112-00195238 surprising
j6Mh0y5PODy-00941-00195239-00195383 is we've got your powerpoint
j6Mh0y5PODy-00942-00195384-00195631 presentation at 12
j6Mh0y5PODy-00943-00195632-00195863 which is quite low when you take into
j6Mh0y5PODy-00944-00195864-00196087 account all the others but once again so
j6Mh0y5PODy-00945-00196088-00196311 many um organizers and presenters we
j6Mh0y5PODy-00946-00196312-00196471 deal with make their powerpoint
j6Mh0y5PODy-00947-00196472-00196678 presentation that be all and end all
j6Mh0y5PODy-00948-00196679-00196863 and they talk about how great it has to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00949-00196864-00197135 be and they talk about how you know oh
j6Mh0y5PODy-00950-00197136-00197254 we need to
j6Mh0y5PODy-00951-00197255-00197375 give you the powerpoint last minute
j6Mh0y5PODy-00952-00197376-00197487 because we're working on it and they
j6Mh0y5PODy-00953-00197488-00197671 don't concentrate on anything else they
j6Mh0y5PODy-00954-00197672-00197871 don't concentrate on you know the fact
j6Mh0y5PODy-00955-00197872-00198007 that they should be knowledgeable and be
j6Mh0y5PODy-00956-00198008-00198190 able to respond to questions or they
j6Mh0y5PODy-00957-00198191-00198390 don't concentrate on being enthused
j6Mh0y5PODy-00958-00198391-00198519 throughout the webinar because they're
j6Mh0y5PODy-00959-00198520-00198695 just worried about how people are going
j6Mh0y5PODy-00960-00198696-00198823 to perceive their powerpoint
j6Mh0y5PODy-00961-00198824-00199102 presentation um so really really
j6Mh0y5PODy-00962-00199103-00199311 communicate these to your presenters and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00963-00199312-00199535 make them understand that you know them
j6Mh0y5PODy-00964-00199536-00199695 showing their personality and having
j6Mh0y5PODy-00965-00199696-00199878 passion and being enthused and knowing
j6Mh0y5PODy-00966-00199879-00200166 what's happening is just as important as
j6Mh0y5PODy-00967-00200167-00200319 the pictures and the words that are
j6Mh0y5PODy-00968-00200320-00200702 actually on the presentation
j6Mh0y5PODy-00969-00200703-00200983 day of the week this is fun
j6Mh0y5PODy-00970-00200984-00201143 and there's always going to be a range
j6Mh0y5PODy-00971-00201144-00201431 of factors influencing this one um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00972-00201432-00201671 but you know this also depends on the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00973-00201672-00201895 industry you're in and your members as
j6Mh0y5PODy-00974-00201896-00202063 well so um
j6Mh0y5PODy-00975-00202064-00202319 it's going to obviously be skewed but as
j6Mh0y5PODy-00976-00202320-00202550 you can see we've got the tuesday
j6Mh0y5PODy-00977-00202551-00202783 wednesday and friday actually as the
j6Mh0y5PODy-00978-00202784-00203087 most popular days and we get this and
j6Mh0y5PODy-00979-00203088-00203247 think about yourself when um you know
j6Mh0y5PODy-00980-00203248-00203438 people come to us and they say
j6Mh0y5PODy-00981-00203439-00203614 oh i'm going to start my running my
j6Mh0y5PODy-00982-00203615-00203814 events and i don't know what day to have
j6Mh0y5PODy-00983-00203815-00204023 it when should i have it
j6Mh0y5PODy-00984-00204024-00204238 i don't know
j6Mh0y5PODy-00985-00204239-00204495 so if you ask the question don't you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00986-00204496-00204726 again ask the question and understand
j6Mh0y5PODy-00987-00204727-00204910 that all your members are different
j6Mh0y5PODy-00988-00204911-00205086 understand that people come into work
j6Mh0y5PODy-00989-00205087-00205319 and you know monday morning they either
j6Mh0y5PODy-00990-00205319-00205479 need to have four coffees before they
j6Mh0y5PODy-00991-00205480-00205662 can be ready to go
j6Mh0y5PODy-00992-00205663-00205766 or
j6Mh0y5PODy-00993-00205767-00205919 monday morning they come in and they've
j6Mh0y5PODy-00994-00205919-00206206 got so much to do um you know maybe
j6Mh0y5PODy-00995-00206207-00206382 fridays are great for people because you
j6Mh0y5PODy-00996-00206383-00206598 know after the hours of you know between
j6Mh0y5PODy-00997-00206600-00206758 the hours of two to five they've maybe
j6Mh0y5PODy-00998-00206759-00206894 had a few drinks at lunch time and they
j6Mh0y5PODy-00999-00206896-00207046 want to sit back and relax
j6Mh0y5PODy-01000-00207048-00207262 um and then bonnie you know our members
j6Mh0y5PODy-01001-00207263-00207406 like weekends whereas people who
j6Mh0y5PODy-01002-00207407-00207575 completed a survey didn't mention
j6Mh0y5PODy-01003-00207576-00207727 weekends in there
j6Mh0y5PODy-01004-00207728-00208046 um so it really does depend um and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01005-00208048-00208238 always always consider your audience and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01006-00208239-00208462 we can't really stress us um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01007-00208463-00208582 and carol
j6Mh0y5PODy-01008-00208583-00208871 after our sessions are great
j6Mh0y5PODy-01009-00208871-00209086 really really once again survey use
j6Mh0y5PODy-01010-00209087-00209246 surveys don't be afraid to ask your
j6Mh0y5PODy-01011-00209248-00209438 members because they're the ones that
j6Mh0y5PODy-01012-00209439-00209606 are actually going to be attending and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01013-00209607-00209727 they're the ones that are going to make
j6Mh0y5PODy-01014-00209728-00209927 your series a success
j6Mh0y5PODy-01015-00209928-00210046 um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01016-00210048-00210223 and yeah just going on to bonnie's point
j6Mh0y5PODy-01017-00210223-00210487 if we move forward time of day as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-01018-00210488-00210727 um you know work in early childcare so i
j6Mh0y5PODy-01019-00210728-00210910 can't leave children to do a webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-01020-00210911-00211206 exactly so mid-morning was just as
j6Mh0y5PODy-01021-00211207-00211423 popular last year it was the highest
j6Mh0y5PODy-01022-00211423-00211639 ranking one as well um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01023-00211640-00211846 and carol you talk about after hour
j6Mh0y5PODy-01024-00211848-00212206 sessions and so many of our webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-01025-00212207-00212439 clients do after hour sessions because
j6Mh0y5PODy-01026-00212440-00212598 that's what their members prefer because
j6Mh0y5PODy-01027-00212600-00212791 they are on their feet all day and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01028-00212792-00213055 they're not necessarily
j6Mh0y5PODy-01029-00213056-00213231 um you know in front of a computer
j6Mh0y5PODy-01030-00213232-00213398 because they may be physiotherapists or
j6Mh0y5PODy-01031-00213400-00213615 they may be doctors or they may be
j6Mh0y5PODy-01032-00213616-00213791 anything out there
j6Mh0y5PODy-01033-00213792-00213975 um so they don't have access to a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01034-00213976-00214142 computer between the computer between
j6Mh0y5PODy-01035-00214144-00214446 these hours um so once again not taking
j6Mh0y5PODy-01036-00214448-00214671 this as you know our minute or have to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01037-00214671-00214887 do our webinars between the hours of 10
j6Mh0y5PODy-01038-00214888-00215031 11 because that would be completely
j6Mh0y5PODy-01039-00215032-00215263 boring and we'd all have no time to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01040-00215264-00215519 attend everyone's webinars um but really
j6Mh0y5PODy-01041-00215519-00215671 understanding that these are important
j6Mh0y5PODy-01042-00215671-00215839 factors that people are going to be
j6Mh0y5PODy-01043-00215840-00215982 looking for when they are looking to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01044-00215983-00216182 register for your webinar or not
j6Mh0y5PODy-01045-00216183-00216455 and just being really really cautious of
j6Mh0y5PODy-01046-00216456-00216646 your audience and their wants and their
j6Mh0y5PODy-01047-00216648-00216951 needs when attending your online events
j6Mh0y5PODy-01048-00216952-00217231 great so speaking of importance i think
j6Mh0y5PODy-01049-00217232-00217527 we should compare 2013 to 2014 and see
j6Mh0y5PODy-01050-00217528-00217767 whether or not what was important is
j6Mh0y5PODy-01051-00217767-00217982 still important we're also going to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01052-00217983-00218198 launch some more some more polls sorry
j6Mh0y5PODy-01053-00218200-00218463 so uh please join us so
j6Mh0y5PODy-01054-00218464-00218751 go on sarah yes okay and any more
j6Mh0y5PODy-01055-00218752-00218887 questions feel free because this is the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01056-00218888-00219039 last section then we'll move on to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01057-00219040-00219406 questions um so important or not um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01058-00219407-00219679 we asked our respondents to rate how
j6Mh0y5PODy-01059-00219680-00219823 important they feel the following
j6Mh0y5PODy-01060-00219823-00220079 aspects of web conferences webinars and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01061-00220080-00220294 webcasts are so these were the same
j6Mh0y5PODy-01062-00220296-00220471 questions as last year so we're going to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01063-00220471-00220694 do a bit of a comparison
j6Mh0y5PODy-01064-00220696-00221063 um so the registration process is easy
j6Mh0y5PODy-01065-00221064-00221310 and seamless so i'm going to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01066-00221311-00221542 launch a poll here
j6Mh0y5PODy-01067-00221544-00221663 so
j6Mh0y5PODy-01068-00221664-00221887 everyone online my lovely online
j6Mh0y5PODy-01069-00221888-00221998 audience
j6Mh0y5PODy-01070-00222000-00222175 how important do you think the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01071-00222176-00222431 registration process is do you think
j6Mh0y5PODy-01072-00222432-00222663 it's extremely important do you think
j6Mh0y5PODy-01073-00222664-00222798 it's somewhat important and you know
j6Mh0y5PODy-01074-00222800-00222903 it's something you need to have but it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01075-00222904-00223023 doesn't have to be the be all and end
j6Mh0y5PODy-01076-00223023-00223239 all or do you think it's not important
j6Mh0y5PODy-01077-00223240-00223351 at all
j6Mh0y5PODy-01078-00223352-00223551 um and obviously think of other factors
j6Mh0y5PODy-01079-00223552-00223767 that we're going to ask here um you know
j6Mh0y5PODy-01080-00223767-00223863 in
j6Mh0y5PODy-01081-00223864-00224142 in terms of priorities i guess um but we
j6Mh0y5PODy-01082-00224144-00224406 can see that 96 percent of people so far
j6Mh0y5PODy-01083-00224407-00224567 are telling us that they think the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01084-00224567-00224775 registration process is easy and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01085-00224776-00224998 seamless
j6Mh0y5PODy-01086-00225000-00225319 now if we actually close that poll
j6Mh0y5PODy-01087-00225319-00225575 the 30 of you who said that um and we
j6Mh0y5PODy-01088-00225576-00225839 look at the responses so very similar
j6Mh0y5PODy-01089-00225840-00226175 responses to last year 70 people said it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01090-00226176-00226391 is extremely important
j6Mh0y5PODy-01091-00226392-00226479 and then
j6Mh0y5PODy-01092-00226480-00226646 30 percent of people said it was
j6Mh0y5PODy-01093-00226648-00226839 somewhat important one things but it's
j6Mh0y5PODy-01094-00226840-00227046 not important as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-01095-00227048-00227279 so it is apparent that this aspect you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01096-00227280-00227527 know in 2013 and 2014 is important to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01097-00227528-00227782 people and shouldn't be overlooked um so
j6Mh0y5PODy-01098-00227783-00228039 in terms of recommendations um ensure
j6Mh0y5PODy-01099-00228040-00228182 that you make it easy for people to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01100-00228183-00228351 register to your event and keep it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01101-00228352-00228494 consistent
j6Mh0y5PODy-01102-00228496-00228655 if you're running webinars on a monthly
j6Mh0y5PODy-01103-00228656-00228871 basis and you have people register one
j6Mh0y5PODy-01104-00228871-00229031 way the first month and the second month
j6Mh0y5PODy-01105-00229032-00229239 you change it up it's going to play with
j6Mh0y5PODy-01106-00229240-00229446 people's minds a little bit i think um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01107-00229448-00229639 and you know if you have a webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-01108-00229640-00229855 series you know create a banner or
j6Mh0y5PODy-01109-00229856-00229991 something so everyone knows that when
j6Mh0y5PODy-01110-00229992-00230134 they receive an email and they go to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01111-00230135-00230446 your website that's your webinar program
j6Mh0y5PODy-01112-00230448-00230623 and that's a seamless registration
j6Mh0y5PODy-01113-00230623-00230831 process and it's consistent
j6Mh0y5PODy-01114-00230832-00231039 and it's easy and people aren't going to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01115-00231040-00231167 want to mind
j6Mh0y5PODy-01116-00231167-00231334 if you have a registration process where
j6Mh0y5PODy-01117-00231335-00231503 it takes people you know two three
j6Mh0y5PODy-01118-00231504-00231687 minutes to complete a form
j6Mh0y5PODy-01119-00231688-00231879 um it's not going to be a nice
j6Mh0y5PODy-01120-00231880-00232046 experience
j6Mh0y5PODy-01121-00232048-00232279 and as you can see here not one single
j6Mh0y5PODy-01122-00232280-00232479 person so that it wasn't important so
j6Mh0y5PODy-01123-00232480-00232719 definitely even you know play around
j6Mh0y5PODy-01124-00232719-00232934 with your registration process and test
j6Mh0y5PODy-01125-00232935-00233119 it with other people in your workplace
j6Mh0y5PODy-01126-00233119-00233319 and say okay if you want to register can
j6Mh0y5PODy-01127-00233319-00233510 you pretend to register for this webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-01128-00233511-00233687 that i'm holding and let me know how
j6Mh0y5PODy-01129-00233688-00233894 easy and seamless it is or do it you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01130-00233896-00234110 know with your people you live with or
j6Mh0y5PODy-01131-00234111-00234303 your partner or something get them from
j6Mh0y5PODy-01132-00234304-00234551 an outsider to register and get their
j6Mh0y5PODy-01133-00234552-00234942 feedback on it and mix it up a bit
j6Mh0y5PODy-01134-00234944-00235263 okay the next one drumroll
j6Mh0y5PODy-01135-00235264-00235519 okay how important is it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01136-00235519-00235727 that the event that you're holding
j6Mh0y5PODy-01137-00235728-00236071 sticks to the timing and agenda so
j6Mh0y5PODy-01138-00236071-00236231 we'll launch this poll to get your
j6Mh0y5PODy-01139-00236232-00236710 feedback
j6Mh0y5PODy-01140-00236711-00236991 is it extremely important is it somewhat
j6Mh0y5PODy-01141-00236992-00237239 important or is it not important at all
j6Mh0y5PODy-01142-00237240-00237398 and you know as long as everyone's happy
j6Mh0y5PODy-01143-00237400-00237575 online and they just you know waste an
j6Mh0y5PODy-01144-00237576-00238055 hour of their time
j6Mh0y5PODy-01145-00238056-00238263 great so as you can see here people
j6Mh0y5PODy-01146-00238264-00238446 don't actually think that this is as
j6Mh0y5PODy-01147-00238448-00238679 important as the registration process
j6Mh0y5PODy-01148-00238680-00238855 which is um interesting even though it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01149-00238856-00239063 is only a small amount
j6Mh0y5PODy-01150-00239064-00239279 um but we've got these responses now so
j6Mh0y5PODy-01151-00239280-00239510 75 of you think that this is extremely
j6Mh0y5PODy-01152-00239511-00239855 important um now this is probably
j6Mh0y5PODy-01153-00239856-00240031 one of the biggest shocks from last year
j6Mh0y5PODy-01154-00240032-00240151 so
j6Mh0y5PODy-01155-00240152-00240303 we've already seen throughout the report
j6Mh0y5PODy-01156-00240304-00240446 people are saying this when we're asking
j6Mh0y5PODy-01157-00240448-00240655 them to elaborate that it's important
j6Mh0y5PODy-01158-00240656-00240927 but you know we look at last year
j6Mh0y5PODy-01159-00240928-00241087 2013
j6Mh0y5PODy-01160-00241088-00241334 and 62 of people said that it was
j6Mh0y5PODy-01161-00241335-00241519 somewhat important
j6Mh0y5PODy-01162-00241519-00241687 and now we've only got nine percent of
j6Mh0y5PODy-01163-00241688-00241982 people um you know 91 of people say that
j6Mh0y5PODy-01164-00241983-00242255 this is extremely important to them
j6Mh0y5PODy-01165-00242256-00242415 like i said they there are a lot of
j6Mh0y5PODy-01166-00242416-00242591 webinars out there now there's a lot of
j6Mh0y5PODy-01167-00242592-00242815 content which is free that people can go
j6Mh0y5PODy-01168-00242816-00243127 online and get in terms of education um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01169-00243128-00243334 so it's important that if people are
j6Mh0y5PODy-01170-00243335-00243646 dedicating half an hour an hour in some
j6Mh0y5PODy-01171-00243648-00243815 cases we run events where people are
j6Mh0y5PODy-01172-00243816-00244031 running events for three hours
j6Mh0y5PODy-01173-00244032-00244263 that you say what you you do what you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01174-00244264-00244431 say you're going to do
j6Mh0y5PODy-01175-00244432-00244623 um so just remember that and yeah it is
j6Mh0y5PODy-01176-00244623-00244775 interesting to see that people actually
j6Mh0y5PODy-01177-00244776-00244967 did think that the registration page was
j6Mh0y5PODy-01178-00244967-00245082 more important
j6Mh0y5PODy-01179-00245083-00245423 um let's move on
j6Mh0y5PODy-01180-00245423-00245639 so we've done the event stick to time
j6Mh0y5PODy-01181-00245640-00245863 and agenda let's talk about feedback and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01182-00245864-00246063 we have mentioned feedback a lot today
j6Mh0y5PODy-01183-00246064-00246215 haven't we either yeah big on the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01184-00246216-00246455 feedback
j6Mh0y5PODy-01185-00246456-00246703 so we talk about you know people
j6Mh0y5PODy-01186-00246704-00246951 afterwards um after you have your online
j6Mh0y5PODy-01187-00246952-00247246 event the importance of capturing their
j6Mh0y5PODy-01188-00247248-00247519 feedback tailoring your webinar program
j6Mh0y5PODy-01189-00247519-00247679 providing it to your presenters so they
j6Mh0y5PODy-01190-00247680-00247887 can improve um and also just
j6Mh0y5PODy-01191-00247888-00248030 understanding what people's wants and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01192-00248031-00248303 needs are um you know for a webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-01193-00248304-00248487 redirecting people to an exit page and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01194-00248488-00248639 asking them how they thought the webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-01195-00248640-00248975 was or using in-room surveys we think is
j6Mh0y5PODy-01196-00248976-00249206 very important um but let's see how
j6Mh0y5PODy-01197-00249207-00249391 important you guys think it is um do you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01198-00249392-00249575 think that the fact that people's
j6Mh0y5PODy-01199-00249576-00249791 feedback is captured and then taken on
j6Mh0y5PODy-01200-00249792-00249967 board is as important as your
j6Mh0y5PODy-01201-00249967-00250215 registration pages and the agenda of
j6Mh0y5PODy-01202-00250216-00250334 your conference
j6Mh0y5PODy-01203-00250335-00250558 wow 50 50.
j6Mh0y5PODy-01204-00250559-00250775 interesting
j6Mh0y5PODy-01205-00250776-00251167 yes
j6Mh0y5PODy-01206-00251167-00251319 you know we've all said it you know
j6Mh0y5PODy-01207-00251319-00251503 there's no point in capturing feedback
j6Mh0y5PODy-01208-00251504-00251646 if you aren't prepared to do anything
j6Mh0y5PODy-01209-00251648-00251823 with it um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01210-00251823-00251991 however it's obvious that it's not as
j6Mh0y5PODy-01211-00251992-00252246 much of a priority for people out there
j6Mh0y5PODy-01212-00252248-00252455 um i think personally from our
j6Mh0y5PODy-01213-00252456-00252663 experiences with webinars
j6Mh0y5PODy-01214-00252664-00252934 it's more important for us as presenters
j6Mh0y5PODy-01215-00252935-00253198 and as hosts to capture that feedback as
j6Mh0y5PODy-01216-00253200-00253351 opposed to me as
j6Mh0y5PODy-01217-00253352-00253510 an attendee i'm going to provide you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01218-00253511-00253703 with my feedback straight away and you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01219-00253704-00253998 know i appreciate that but it's not the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01220-00254000-00254151 main thing that i'm worried about i'm
j6Mh0y5PODy-01221-00254152-00254327 more concerned with how much i learned
j6Mh0y5PODy-01222-00254328-00254519 from the webinar i'm more concerned
j6Mh0y5PODy-01223-00254519-00254671 about how i'm going to apply this
j6Mh0y5PODy-01224-00254671-00254830 knowledge as opposed to whether my
j6Mh0y5PODy-01225-00254831-00255094 feedback is taken on board so very
j6Mh0y5PODy-01226-00255096-00255246 consistent i think with everyone online
j6Mh0y5PODy-01227-00255248-00255358 here now
j6Mh0y5PODy-01228-00255359-00255510 and you know we can see for the first
j6Mh0y5PODy-01229-00255511-00255846 time 16 of people are saying that it's
j6Mh0y5PODy-01230-00255848-00256167 not important at all um so once again
j6Mh0y5PODy-01231-00256167-00256334 definitely collect the feedback but you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01232-00256335-00256479 know if you are getting feedback from
j6Mh0y5PODy-01233-00256480-00256846 people and it is necessarily um negative
j6Mh0y5PODy-01234-00256848-00257030 at some stage you know maybe respond to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01235-00257031-00257279 them um and if it is necessarily
j6Mh0y5PODy-01236-00257280-00257510 positive in some stage maybe respond to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01237-00257511-00257734 them as well but don't think of it as oh
j6Mh0y5PODy-01238-00257735-00257894 my god my event's over because someone
j6Mh0y5PODy-01239-00257896-00258103 didn't like it because you're always
j6Mh0y5PODy-01240-00258104-00258279 going to get you know one end of the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01241-00258280-00258646 scale another end of the scale
j6Mh0y5PODy-01242-00258648-00258782 okay
j6Mh0y5PODy-01243-00258783-00259055 how important is it either that the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01244-00259056-00259327 event is recorded and made available at
j6Mh0y5PODy-01245-00259328-00259606 a later date so we'll launch this poll
j6Mh0y5PODy-01246-00259607-00259694 um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01247-00259696-00259863 and this is really just recording the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01248-00259864-00260175 event as we're doing now uh making it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01249-00260176-00260446 accessible afterwards as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-01250-00260448-00260855 so
j6Mh0y5PODy-01251-00260856-00261151 i think we had this one here did we
j6Mh0y5PODy-01252-00261152-00261415 no we didn't have this pole so guys
j6Mh0y5PODy-01253-00261416-00261567 we're now just going to skip straight to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01254-00261567-00261942 the results um so how important is it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01255-00261944-00262223 somewhat important 33
j6Mh0y5PODy-01256-00262224-00262463 extremely important 67
j6Mh0y5PODy-01257-00262464-00262639 and this is something to take what you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01258-00262640-00262847 will um and i think it really depends on
j6Mh0y5PODy-01259-00262848-00262999 your presenters a lot of presenters
j6Mh0y5PODy-01260-00263000-00263230 don't like being recorded um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01261-00263231-00263439 we find recording out at all of our
j6Mh0y5PODy-01262-00263440-00263615 events no matter what and as you can see
j6Mh0y5PODy-01263-00263616-00263782 no one said that it's not important to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01264-00263783-00263855 them
j6Mh0y5PODy-01265-00263856-00264055 and the reason for that is because you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01266-00264056-00264287 are going to have on a free event around
j6Mh0y5PODy-01267-00264288-00264623 a 50 attendance rate and 50 to 60 if you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01268-00264624-00264806 have any higher you're doing incredibly
j6Mh0y5PODy-01269-00264807-00264919 well
j6Mh0y5PODy-01270-00264920-00265127 so how were you then especially as a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01271-00265128-00265367 membership benefit going to provide the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01272-00265368-00265551 people that didn't attend with this
j6Mh0y5PODy-01273-00265552-00265703 information
j6Mh0y5PODy-01274-00265704-00265903 you know do you have an online library
j6Mh0y5PODy-01275-00265904-00266071 where as a membership benefit you have
j6Mh0y5PODy-01276-00266072-00266310 your people go into and say okay as a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01277-00266311-00266487 member not only do you have access to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01278-00266488-00266703 our free webinars but you also have
j6Mh0y5PODy-01279-00266704-00266943 access to a whole content bank where you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01280-00266944-00267215 can access information that's been
j6Mh0y5PODy-01281-00267216-00267463 projected to previous
j6Mh0y5PODy-01282-00267464-00267791 member members for the past 12 months um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01283-00267792-00268039 so always recording that um we even use
j6Mh0y5PODy-01284-00268040-00268239 it for our search engine optimization
j6Mh0y5PODy-01285-00268240-00268503 reasons um you know having video online
j6Mh0y5PODy-01286-00268504-00268719 is incredibly important to us as a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01287-00268720-00268975 company in terms of our brand awareness
j6Mh0y5PODy-01288-00268976-00269103 and letting people know that we're
j6Mh0y5PODy-01289-00269104-00269343 educators and we're thought leaders and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01290-00269344-00269543 we do have great presenters so it can
j6Mh0y5PODy-01291-00269544-00269799 also be a selling tool as well so think
j6Mh0y5PODy-01292-00269800-00269991 about those who can't attend think about
j6Mh0y5PODy-01293-00269992-00270175 the membership benefit and then also
j6Mh0y5PODy-01294-00270176-00270334 thinking think of it as a way to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01295-00270335-00270551 increase um and engage those people who
j6Mh0y5PODy-01296-00270552-00271158 aren't necessarily members yet
j6Mh0y5PODy-01297-00271159-00271327 okay
j6Mh0y5PODy-01298-00271328-00271639 now this is the last one we're going to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01299-00271640-00271879 um okay i just want to get before i go
j6Mh0y5PODy-01300-00271880-00272071 into this and you can maybe read amongst
j6Mh0y5PODy-01301-00272072-00272206 yourselves for a moment enter through
j6Mh0y5PODy-01302-00272207-00272430 this question so if attending for pd
j6Mh0y5PODy-01303-00272431-00272591 points how do you verify actual
j6Mh0y5PODy-01304-00272592-00272823 attendance not log in and walk away
j6Mh0y5PODy-01305-00272824-00272991 and that's a great question and there
j6Mh0y5PODy-01306-00272992-00273182 are a few big brother tools i won't
j6Mh0y5PODy-01307-00273183-00273334 actually show you now but i'll let you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01308-00273335-00273463 know
j6Mh0y5PODy-01309-00273464-00273671 one of them is um polling
j6Mh0y5PODy-01310-00273672-00273815 so the polling that we've been using
j6Mh0y5PODy-01311-00273816-00274023 some of our clients actually launched a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01312-00274024-00274255 secret poll at random interval
j6Mh0y5PODy-01313-00274256-00274510 throughout and don't let people know
j6Mh0y5PODy-01314-00274511-00274647 and then there's also
j6Mh0y5PODy-01315-00274648-00274839 a presence manager as well which pops up
j6Mh0y5PODy-01316-00274840-00274999 randomly throughout the webinar so you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01317-00275000-00275206 can set that to pop up
j6Mh0y5PODy-01318-00275207-00275455 every two minutes or every 20 minutes if
j6Mh0y5PODy-01319-00275456-00275703 you like a person actually clicks on
j6Mh0y5PODy-01320-00275704-00275910 that and it may come up and say um are
j6Mh0y5PODy-01321-00275911-00276191 you here or click if you are present and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01322-00276192-00276382 if people click on that and you only
j6Mh0y5PODy-01323-00276383-00276606 have it up for say five seconds then you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01324-00276607-00276782 can actually track who's online so it is
j6Mh0y5PODy-01325-00276783-00276934 a little bit sneaky in the way that it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01326-00276935-00277095 works um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01327-00277096-00277279 but yeah it is one of those things it is
j6Mh0y5PODy-01328-00277280-00277534 very difficult to confirm whether people
j6Mh0y5PODy-01329-00277535-00277791 are even paying attention if you like
j6Mh0y5PODy-01330-00277792-00277927 but there are a few little tools that
j6Mh0y5PODy-01331-00277928-00278071 you can use and you can incorporate to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01332-00278072-00278271 make it easier
j6Mh0y5PODy-01333-00278272-00278663 so i hope that helps
j6Mh0y5PODy-01334-00278664-00278863 this is the wish list um and this is
j6Mh0y5PODy-01335-00278864-00279175 just a with a condensed version um so we
j6Mh0y5PODy-01336-00279176-00279415 ask people you know what is your wish
j6Mh0y5PODy-01337-00279416-00279630 list as people who regularly attend
j6Mh0y5PODy-01338-00279631-00279799 these online events
j6Mh0y5PODy-01339-00279800-00280095 um what are the things that
j6Mh0y5PODy-01340-00280096-00280247 you know one of the things that you wish
j6Mh0y5PODy-01341-00280248-00280375 that you could have what would make your
j6Mh0y5PODy-01342-00280376-00280647 perfect webinar or your perfect webcast
j6Mh0y5PODy-01343-00280648-00280727 um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01344-00280728-00280871 and you know we're going to go through
j6Mh0y5PODy-01345-00280872-00281103 these now um and we're also going to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01346-00281104-00281375 just launch the survey at the same time
j6Mh0y5PODy-01347-00281376-00281534 which is
j6Mh0y5PODy-01348-00281535-00281719 a way to collect feedback as we both
j6Mh0y5PODy-01349-00281720-00281943 just mentioned um and you know this
j6Mh0y5PODy-01350-00281944-00282087 would just help you guys as you're
j6Mh0y5PODy-01351-00282088-00282215 listening to our speaker i'm just
j6Mh0y5PODy-01352-00282216-00282399 providing some feedback for aussie on
j6Mh0y5PODy-01353-00282400-00282679 the right hand side so dynamic speakers
j6Mh0y5PODy-01354-00282680-00282887 who convey knowledge and messages with
j6Mh0y5PODy-01355-00282888-00283127 clarity really important to people and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01356-00283128-00283279 it seems as though
j6Mh0y5PODy-01357-00283280-00283463 from what we can see from the results is
j6Mh0y5PODy-01358-00283464-00283615 a few people haven't actually had the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01359-00283616-00283863 best experiences with presenters so um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01360-00283864-00284023 once again definitely should be on your
j6Mh0y5PODy-01361-00284024-00284182 priority list
j6Mh0y5PODy-01362-00284183-00284334 interaction with the speaker prior to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01363-00284335-00284623 the webinar so a pre-blog session or q a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01364-00284624-00284855 um some of the things we do in the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01365-00284856-00285095 emails that we sent out we ask people if
j6Mh0y5PODy-01366-00285096-00285303 they have a pre-question either even and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01367-00285304-00285471 say if you have a pre-question please
j6Mh0y5PODy-01368-00285472-00285647 feel free to submit it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01369-00285648-00285767 and that way
j6Mh0y5PODy-01370-00285768-00285903 you can interact with the presenter
j6Mh0y5PODy-01371-00285904-00286143 beforehand and not just randomly see
j6Mh0y5PODy-01372-00286144-00286287 them on the day
j6Mh0y5PODy-01373-00286288-00286487 reliability of event organizers and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01374-00286488-00286734 responsiveness to technical glitches um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01375-00286735-00286910 so if you are promoting an event three
j6Mh0y5PODy-01376-00286911-00287134 weeks out and people respond to your
j6Mh0y5PODy-01377-00287135-00287319 details or reminder emails and ask you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01378-00287320-00287463 questions you know getting back to them
j6Mh0y5PODy-01379-00287464-00287751 with responses um making sure that
j6Mh0y5PODy-01380-00287752-00287903 you're letting them know
j6Mh0y5PODy-01381-00287904-00288063 what's actually happening if they have
j6Mh0y5PODy-01382-00288064-00288206 any questions and communicating with
j6Mh0y5PODy-01383-00288207-00288399 them before the webinar
j6Mh0y5PODy-01384-00288400-00288591 and then also online responding to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01385-00288592-00288791 technical glitches as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-01386-00288792-00289030 follow up um so we always provide
j6Mh0y5PODy-01387-00289031-00289279 follow-up documents um so
j6Mh0y5PODy-01388-00289280-00289503 we also if a lot of people out there and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01389-00289504-00289695 it depends once again on the type of
j6Mh0y5PODy-01390-00289696-00289847 events that you're promoting
j6Mh0y5PODy-01391-00289848-00290087 and also depends on your audience um we
j6Mh0y5PODy-01392-00290088-00290279 send the recording out as well as a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01393-00290280-00290454 summary um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01394-00290455-00290654 of any documents that we've spoken about
j6Mh0y5PODy-01395-00290655-00290910 as well as a pdf um you know if you have
j6Mh0y5PODy-01396-00290911-00291103 too many questions coming through
j6Mh0y5PODy-01397-00291104-00291215 how are you going to follow up with
j6Mh0y5PODy-01398-00291216-00291399 those are you just going to leave them
j6Mh0y5PODy-01399-00291400-00291606 and leave all your attendees in the dark
j6Mh0y5PODy-01400-00291607-00291823 or are you going to have your presenter
j6Mh0y5PODy-01401-00291824-00292023 complete those questions and give them a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01402-00292024-00292199 week to do it and then send out their
j6Mh0y5PODy-01403-00292200-00292439 responses to everyone online another way
j6Mh0y5PODy-01404-00292440-00292606 to do it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01405-00292607-00292791 you know people were saying board
j6Mh0y5PODy-01406-00292792-00292951 meetings and internal meetings should be
j6Mh0y5PODy-01407-00292952-00293167 done online you know it can sometimes be
j6Mh0y5PODy-01408-00293168-00293358 the worst subject ever but it's one that
j6Mh0y5PODy-01409-00293359-00293567 needs to be covered and to you know
j6Mh0y5PODy-01410-00293568-00293719 people shouldn't just think of these as
j6Mh0y5PODy-01411-00293720-00293975 educational um events
j6Mh0y5PODy-01412-00293976-00294158 using the webcam for introduction but
j6Mh0y5PODy-01413-00294159-00294239 not necessarily
j6Mh0y5PODy-01414-00294240-00294430 the entire event which is what we also
j6Mh0y5PODy-01415-00294431-00294527 covered
j6Mh0y5PODy-01416-00294528-00294767 um meaningful content which is
j6Mh0y5PODy-01417-00294768-00294999 accessible at a later date um and i
j6Mh0y5PODy-01418-00295000-00295143 think one thing that you know just to
j6Mh0y5PODy-01419-00295144-00295358 add to this is having evergreen content
j6Mh0y5PODy-01420-00295359-00295527 so the content that lasts for a long
j6Mh0y5PODy-01421-00295528-00295671 period of time
j6Mh0y5PODy-01422-00295672-00295854 doesn't necessarily cut off you know
j6Mh0y5PODy-01423-00295855-00296110 it's you know not um accessible or not
j6Mh0y5PODy-01424-00296111-00296358 meaningful within a few months time
j6Mh0y5PODy-01425-00296359-00296599 um and you know obviously you may use um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01426-00296600-00297006 online events to communicate maybe um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01427-00297007-00297279 legislation or changes in the way things
j6Mh0y5PODy-01428-00297280-00297479 are happening but having that content
j6Mh0y5PODy-01429-00297480-00297663 that is available so if i watch it in
j6Mh0y5PODy-01430-00297664-00298006 january 2013 and i watch it in 2014
j6Mh0y5PODy-01431-00298007-00298191 january it's still going to be relevant
j6Mh0y5PODy-01432-00298192-00298415 to me as well and i can still access it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01433-00298416-00298582 so maybe think about having a few of
j6Mh0y5PODy-01434-00298583-00298799 those little um little golden gems
j6Mh0y5PODy-01435-00298800-00299015 especially for people who are coming you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01436-00299016-00299247 into your organization as members
j6Mh0y5PODy-01437-00299248-00299463 um meaningful slide presentations and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01438-00299464-00299630 the ability to respond and have
j6Mh0y5PODy-01439-00299631-00299879 questions at the end um we've just
j6Mh0y5PODy-01440-00299880-00300254 spoken about content um question time
j6Mh0y5PODy-01441-00300255-00300510 structure and two or more presenters
j6Mh0y5PODy-01442-00300511-00300663 which is what we've got here i find it
j6Mh0y5PODy-01443-00300664-00300895 much better even as a presenter
j6Mh0y5PODy-01444-00300896-00301071 having either in the room to bounce
j6Mh0y5PODy-01445-00301072-00301279 ideas of her and not talk to a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01446-00301280-00301479 powerpoint um and i think your
j6Mh0y5PODy-01447-00301480-00301687 presenters may find that quite good as
j6Mh0y5PODy-01448-00301688-00301879 well um there's nothing worse than not
j6Mh0y5PODy-01449-00301880-00302082 getting that feedback from somebody
j6Mh0y5PODy-01450-00302083-00302334 instantaneously um there's nothing worse
j6Mh0y5PODy-01451-00302335-00302463 like i said just staring at a blank
j6Mh0y5PODy-01452-00302464-00302663 screen and not knowing how you're going
j6Mh0y5PODy-01453-00302664-00302806 and not being able to see people's
j6Mh0y5PODy-01454-00302807-00302991 facial expressions
j6Mh0y5PODy-01455-00302992-00303143 so once again
j6Mh0y5PODy-01456-00303144-00303406 just a little bit of a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01457-00303407-00303687 summary of what people are wanting
j6Mh0y5PODy-01458-00303688-00303943 and hopefully that'll make some sense
j6Mh0y5PODy-01459-00303944-00304143 and give you give you some advice on how
j6Mh0y5PODy-01460-00304144-00304382 you can maybe um start your online event
j6Mh0y5PODy-01461-00304383-00304639 program with some tips and tricks um or
j6Mh0y5PODy-01462-00304640-00304887 maybe even mix things up a bit
j6Mh0y5PODy-01463-00304888-00305063 and try something new
j6Mh0y5PODy-01464-00305064-00305367 there's always time to do that
j6Mh0y5PODy-01465-00305368-00305639 and that wraps it up either that covers
j6Mh0y5PODy-01466-00305640-00305815 it um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01467-00305816-00306006 i believe we don't have any more
j6Mh0y5PODy-01468-00306007-00306239 questions coming yeah we don't mind
j6Mh0y5PODy-01469-00306240-00306327 anyone
j6Mh0y5PODy-01470-00306328-00306647 yeah if anyone does please type me now
j6Mh0y5PODy-01471-00306648-00306927 um i'll just um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01472-00306928-00307079 yeah i'll just do a bit of a wrap up
j6Mh0y5PODy-01473-00307080-00307367 just a summary um and you know for those
j6Mh0y5PODy-01474-00307368-00307639 of you online hopefully you have had um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01475-00307640-00307919 some you know insights and inspiration
j6Mh0y5PODy-01476-00307920-00308095 from what other people out there are
j6Mh0y5PODy-01477-00308096-00308358 wanting as webinar attendees
j6Mh0y5PODy-01478-00308359-00308503 you know we will actually send you a
j6Mh0y5PODy-01479-00308504-00308775 copy of the report within the follow-up
j6Mh0y5PODy-01480-00308776-00309054 email within 48 hours so that will also
j6Mh0y5PODy-01481-00309055-00309263 contain a link to the record lim as well
j6Mh0y5PODy-01482-00309264-00309527 as the powerpoint and the report itself
j6Mh0y5PODy-01483-00309528-00309815 um but yeah enjoy it enjoy the journey
j6Mh0y5PODy-01484-00309816-00309910 um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01485-00309911-00310119 enjoy mixing things up again and
j6Mh0y5PODy-01486-00310120-00310319 learning from your online events and i
j6Mh0y5PODy-01487-00310320-00310551 really hope that you've all had um
j6Mh0y5PODy-01488-00310552-00310782 like i said some inspiration from today
j6Mh0y5PODy-01489-00310783-00310975 and i'll leave it to either to wrap up
j6Mh0y5PODy-01490-00310976-00311167 and enjoy the rest of your day
j6Mh0y5PODy-01491-00311168-00311367 thank you sarah and thanks everyone for
j6Mh0y5PODy-01492-00311368-00311558 joining today's webinar we hope you
j6Mh0y5PODy-01493-00311559-00311758 found the event inspiring and the
j6Mh0y5PODy-01494-00311759-00311975 technology easy to use
j6Mh0y5PODy-01495-00311976-00312119 if you would like any additional
j6Mh0y5PODy-01496-00312120-00312319 information on how to host your own
j6Mh0y5PODy-01497-00312320-00312567 webinars please feel free to contact us
j6Mh0y5PODy-01498-00312568-00312839 directly enjoy the rest of your day
j6Mh0y5PODy-01499-00312840-00313200 thanks everyone bye
j9NGT-gV8mc-00000-00000008-00000223 there is a lot of respect across
j9NGT-gV8mc-00001-00000224-00000455 industry for what maori are doing
j9NGT-gV8mc-00002-00000456-00000759 there has been a significant change and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00003-00000760-00000831 that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00004-00000832-00001166 maori is now seen as as leaders and as
j9NGT-gV8mc-00005-00001167-00001447 innovators in the area and as having
j9NGT-gV8mc-00006-00001448-00001639 something to contribute you know the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00007-00001639-00001743 language
j9NGT-gV8mc-00008-00001744-00001918 language and thinking is coming to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00009-00001919-00002102 structure thinking strategy within
j9NGT-gV8mc-00010-00002103-00002718 industry leadership
j9NGT-gV8mc-00011-00002719-00003023 hello welcome to the ecopolitics podcast
j9NGT-gV8mc-00012-00003024-00003351 season 2 global ecopolitics this is a
j9NGT-gV8mc-00013-00003352-00003583 podcast for university students tackling
j9NGT-gV8mc-00014-00003584-00003767 some of the big questions in the field
j9NGT-gV8mc-00015-00003768-00004031 of global environmental politics
j9NGT-gV8mc-00016-00004032-00004295 i'm peter andre from carleton university
j9NGT-gV8mc-00017-00004296-00004486 my co-host for the show is dr ryan
j9NGT-gV8mc-00018-00004487-00004719 katzerozin from the university of ottawa
j9NGT-gV8mc-00019-00004720-00004935 though ryan is not joining us for this
j9NGT-gV8mc-00020-00004936-00005079 episode
j9NGT-gV8mc-00021-00005080-00005191 today we're going to look at the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00022-00005192-00005399 relationship between global agri-food
j9NGT-gV8mc-00023-00005400-00005575 systems and climate change
j9NGT-gV8mc-00024-00005576-00005751 putting that into the context of the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00025-00005752-00005911 shifting power relations of settler
j9NGT-gV8mc-00026-00005912-00006022 colonialism
j9NGT-gV8mc-00027-00006023-00006222 and reconciliation between indigenous
j9NGT-gV8mc-00028-00006223-00006463 and non-indigenous peoples
j9NGT-gV8mc-00029-00006464-00006695 the 2015 paris agreement on climate
j9NGT-gV8mc-00030-00006695-00006783 change
j9NGT-gV8mc-00031-00006784-00006991 sets ambitious targets intended to keep
j9NGT-gV8mc-00032-00006992-00007206 global temperature increases below one
j9NGT-gV8mc-00033-00007208-00007414 and a half to two degrees celsius
j9NGT-gV8mc-00034-00007415-00007759 above pre-industrial levels in response
j9NGT-gV8mc-00035-00007759-00007927 industrialized countries are putting in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00036-00007928-00008119 place frameworks to try to achieve
j9NGT-gV8mc-00037-00008120-00008319 net zero carbon emissions across their
j9NGT-gV8mc-00038-00008320-00008574 economies by 2050
j9NGT-gV8mc-00039-00008575-00008846 to reach net zero carbon a lot needs to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00040-00008847-00009046 change in just 29 years
j9NGT-gV8mc-00041-00009047-00009231 including how land is managed and how
j9NGT-gV8mc-00042-00009232-00009399 food is produced
j9NGT-gV8mc-00043-00009400-00009614 today we'll focus on livestock farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00044-00009615-00009791 which is responsible for about seven
j9NGT-gV8mc-00045-00009792-00009887 percent of global
j9NGT-gV8mc-00046-00009888-00010103 greenhouse gas emissions in terms of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00047-00010104-00010263 direct emissions from domesticated
j9NGT-gV8mc-00048-00010264-00010367 animals
j9NGT-gV8mc-00049-00010368-00010510 and fourteen and a half percent of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00050-00010511-00010671 global greenhouse gas emissions if you
j9NGT-gV8mc-00051-00010672-00010806 include the entire
j9NGT-gV8mc-00052-00010807-00011159 livestock supply chain at the same time
j9NGT-gV8mc-00053-00011160-00011319 as states are trying to wrap their heads
j9NGT-gV8mc-00054-00011320-00011551 around how to address climate change
j9NGT-gV8mc-00055-00011552-00011735 settler colonialism in countries like
j9NGT-gV8mc-00056-00011736-00011967 canada new zealand and australia
j9NGT-gV8mc-00057-00011968-00012119 all former colonies of the british
j9NGT-gV8mc-00058-00012120-00012287 empire is facing
j9NGT-gV8mc-00059-00012288-00012567 a reckoning settler colonialism involved
j9NGT-gV8mc-00060-00012568-00012735 the takeover usually violent
j9NGT-gV8mc-00061-00012736-00012902 of the traditional lands and resources
j9NGT-gV8mc-00062-00012903-00013111 of indigenous peoples
j9NGT-gV8mc-00063-00013112-00013327 even when formal treaties were signed
j9NGT-gV8mc-00064-00013328-00013494 between the british and indigenous
j9NGT-gV8mc-00065-00013495-00013551 peoples
j9NGT-gV8mc-00066-00013552-00013775 ostensibly allowing settlement on agreed
j9NGT-gV8mc-00067-00013776-00013894 upon terms
j9NGT-gV8mc-00068-00013895-00014079 adherence to those treaties by settlers
j9NGT-gV8mc-00069-00014080-00014247 and their governments was rare
j9NGT-gV8mc-00070-00014247-00014455 at their worst colonial land relations
j9NGT-gV8mc-00071-00014456-00014599 were genocidal
j9NGT-gV8mc-00072-00014600-00014766 at the very least they marginalized
j9NGT-gV8mc-00073-00014768-00014951 indigenous people within the colonies
j9NGT-gV8mc-00074-00014952-00015094 preventing them from continued
j9NGT-gV8mc-00075-00015095-00015343 management of their resources
j9NGT-gV8mc-00076-00015344-00015519 after many decades of resistance and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00077-00015519-00015694 advocacy by indigenous people
j9NGT-gV8mc-00078-00015695-00015847 these histories of dispossession and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00079-00015847-00016079 marginalization which persist into the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00080-00016080-00016255 present day through intergenerational
j9NGT-gV8mc-00081-00016256-00016511 trauma and ongoing social inequities
j9NGT-gV8mc-00082-00016512-00016750 have really come into the spotlight in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00083-00016751-00016950 canada for example we had the truth and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00084-00016951-00017022 reconciliation
j9NGT-gV8mc-00085-00017023-00017286 commission the trc documented the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00086-00017287-00017471 history of the residential school system
j9NGT-gV8mc-00087-00017472-00017575 in this country
j9NGT-gV8mc-00088-00017576-00017799 and released calls to action intended to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00089-00017800-00018007 further reconciliation
j9NGT-gV8mc-00090-00018008-00018214 similar efforts are taking place across
j9NGT-gV8mc-00091-00018215-00018399 settler states to come to terms with the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00092-00018400-00018471 history
j9NGT-gV8mc-00093-00018472-00018743 of settler colonialism to identify
j9NGT-gV8mc-00094-00018744-00018943 appropriate forms of reconciliation
j9NGT-gV8mc-00095-00018944-00019263 and to negotiate redress
j9NGT-gV8mc-00096-00019264-00019479 so climate change agri-food systems
j9NGT-gV8mc-00097-00019480-00019686 settler colonialism and reconciliation
j9NGT-gV8mc-00098-00019687-00019839 are all connected
j9NGT-gV8mc-00099-00019840-00019999 and today we're going to dig into those
j9NGT-gV8mc-00100-00020000-00020191 connections by focusing on the case of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00101-00020192-00020327 the dairy industry
j9NGT-gV8mc-00102-00020328-00020575 in aotearoa the indigenous maori name
j9NGT-gV8mc-00103-00020576-00020735 for new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00104-00020736-00020894 we'll be talking with two people i met
j9NGT-gV8mc-00105-00020895-00021047 in aotearoa while i was there on
j9NGT-gV8mc-00106-00021048-00021327 sabbatical in early 2020
j9NGT-gV8mc-00107-00021328-00021591 dr john reed is senior research fellow
j9NGT-gV8mc-00108-00021592-00021783 with the naitahu research center
j9NGT-gV8mc-00109-00021784-00022030 at the university of canterbury he is of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00110-00022031-00022135 maori heritage
j9NGT-gV8mc-00111-00022136-00022311 and works closely with a variety of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00112-00022312-00022478 tribes known as ewi
j9NGT-gV8mc-00113-00022479-00022727 across alteroa he specializes in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00114-00022728-00022911 indigenous economic development with a
j9NGT-gV8mc-00115-00022912-00023022 focus on land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00116-00023023-00023358 fresh water and ocean sustainability
j9NGT-gV8mc-00117-00023359-00023607 welcome to the ecopolitics podcast john
j9NGT-gV8mc-00118-00023608-00023711 kiara
j9NGT-gV8mc-00119-00023712-00023975 cured peter nice to be here i'm really
j9NGT-gV8mc-00120-00023976-00024158 glad that you're here with us here today
j9NGT-gV8mc-00121-00024159-00024327 and i also just want to introduce
j9NGT-gV8mc-00122-00024328-00024471 professor hugh campbell
j9NGT-gV8mc-00123-00024472-00024614 he's a new zealander of european
j9NGT-gV8mc-00124-00024615-00024847 background he's a sociologist of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00125-00024848-00024999 agri-food systems based out of the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00126-00025000-00025230 university of otago in dunedin
j9NGT-gV8mc-00127-00025231-00025391 he recently published a book called
j9NGT-gV8mc-00128-00025392-00025622 farming inside invisible worlds
j9NGT-gV8mc-00129-00025623-00025758 modernist agriculture and its
j9NGT-gV8mc-00130-00025760-00025958 consequences which deals in part with
j9NGT-gV8mc-00131-00025960-00026143 how his own family's history of farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00132-00026144-00026255 in new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00133-00026256-00026487 involved a hidden history this is the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00134-00026488-00026702 story of attempted erasure of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00135-00026704-00026935 maori land uses and understandings of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00136-00026936-00027143 how to relate to the land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00137-00027144-00027335 his book is part of a growing effort in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00138-00027336-00027543 aotearoa to render visible this hidden
j9NGT-gV8mc-00139-00027544-00027599 history
j9NGT-gV8mc-00140-00027600-00027827 as one step in the long-term process of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00141-00027827-00027983 decolonization
j9NGT-gV8mc-00142-00027983-00028158 kia ora to you hugh welcome to the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00143-00028160-00028351 ecopolitics podcast
j9NGT-gV8mc-00144-00028352-00028567 kiara peter yeah thanks very much for
j9NGT-gV8mc-00145-00028568-00028670 the invitation it's
j9NGT-gV8mc-00146-00028672-00028807 lovely to be able to join you in this
j9NGT-gV8mc-00147-00028808-00029118 conversation so my takeaway from my time
j9NGT-gV8mc-00148-00029119-00029327 in alberto and new zealand is that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00149-00029327-00029518 your country may be at the forefront of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00150-00029519-00029679 confronting some of these issues at the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00151-00029680-00029839 intersection of agri-food systems
j9NGT-gV8mc-00152-00029839-00029935 climate change
j9NGT-gV8mc-00153-00029936-00030255 cetera colonialism and reconciliation
j9NGT-gV8mc-00154-00030256-00030414 but that's just my take and i'd love to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00155-00030416-00030567 i'm looking forward to hearing how the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00156-00030568-00030711 two of you look at it
j9NGT-gV8mc-00157-00030712-00030862 i'll direct my first question towards
j9NGT-gV8mc-00158-00030863-00031111 you john i wonder if you can tell me a
j9NGT-gV8mc-00159-00031112-00031158 little bit
j9NGT-gV8mc-00160-00031160-00031358 about yourself and your background and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00161-00031360-00031518 how that relates to what we're talking
j9NGT-gV8mc-00162-00031519-00031711 about which is this question of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00163-00031712-00031902 the intersection of agri-food systems
j9NGT-gV8mc-00164-00031903-00032095 climate change and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00165-00032095-00032374 settler colonialism oh sure thanks uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00166-00032375-00032423 peter
j9NGT-gV8mc-00167-00032424-00032735 um so um my background is i
j9NGT-gV8mc-00168-00032736-00032999 descend from a tribe called ngati pikia
j9NGT-gV8mc-00169-00033000-00033167 which is in the central north island of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00170-00033168-00033502 new zealand and uh so i became uh very
j9NGT-gV8mc-00171-00033503-00033615 interested in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00172-00033616-00033871 and land issues um around particularly
j9NGT-gV8mc-00173-00033872-00033999 maori land issues
j9NGT-gV8mc-00174-00034000-00034215 um given our own families history with
j9NGT-gV8mc-00175-00034216-00034374 uh maori land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00176-00034375-00034583 and reservation land in the sort of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00177-00034584-00034799 central north island of new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00178-00034800-00034999 growing up i had concern for the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00179-00035000-00035174 environment and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00180-00035175-00035415 particularly the way in which the land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00181-00035416-00035559 was being treated
j9NGT-gV8mc-00182-00035560-00035839 and so those two things converged and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00183-00035840-00035927 when i went to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00184-00035928-00036230 university i looked at
j9NGT-gV8mc-00185-00036231-00036446 land sustainability particularly focused
j9NGT-gV8mc-00186-00036447-00036567 in on
j9NGT-gV8mc-00187-00036568-00036902 community forestry and agriculture
j9NGT-gV8mc-00188-00036903-00037199 and later i started to examine more
j9NGT-gV8mc-00189-00037200-00037295 closely
j9NGT-gV8mc-00190-00037296-00037559 those issues related to maori land and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00191-00037560-00037735 maori land development
j9NGT-gV8mc-00192-00037736-00037959 and that was happening at a time when
j9NGT-gV8mc-00193-00037960-00038159 the treaty settlement processes
j9NGT-gV8mc-00194-00038160-00038407 were underway in new zealand which we'll
j9NGT-gV8mc-00195-00038408-00038543 come to talk about
j9NGT-gV8mc-00196-00038544-00038887 but at that time maori were
j9NGT-gV8mc-00197-00038888-00039111 receiving compensation assets from the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00198-00039112-00039230 new zealand government
j9NGT-gV8mc-00199-00039231-00039518 including large tracts of land and so as
j9NGT-gV8mc-00200-00039519-00039639 part of that process there was a
j9NGT-gV8mc-00201-00039640-00039727 question of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00202-00039728-00040079 how do maori uh manage and operate
j9NGT-gV8mc-00203-00040080-00040223 on these lands that are returning to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00204-00040224-00040390 them often often with legacy
j9NGT-gV8mc-00205-00040391-00040623 land management systems and so a lot of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00206-00040624-00040799 my work has examined
j9NGT-gV8mc-00207-00040800-00040958 those issues particularly different land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00208-00040959-00041127 management processes
j9NGT-gV8mc-00209-00041128-00041358 around sustainability and particularly
j9NGT-gV8mc-00210-00041359-00041487 the indigenous
j9NGT-gV8mc-00211-00041488-00041702 maori perspective on sustainability and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00212-00041703-00041958 how that makes its way into how we think
j9NGT-gV8mc-00213-00041959-00042143 about land management in new zealand and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00214-00042144-00042399 then more broadly how does that then
j9NGT-gV8mc-00215-00042400-00042639 further impact new zealand's land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00216-00042640-00042967 management policies and regulations
j9NGT-gV8mc-00217-00042968-00043127 thank you john i'm really looking
j9NGT-gV8mc-00218-00043128-00043302 forward to getting into
j9NGT-gV8mc-00219-00043303-00043630 some of those questions but you you
j9NGT-gV8mc-00220-00043631-00043815 mentioned already the treaty settlement
j9NGT-gV8mc-00221-00043816-00043879 process
j9NGT-gV8mc-00222-00043880-00044158 and uh for listeners outside of uh new
j9NGT-gV8mc-00223-00044159-00044279 zealand who may not
j9NGT-gV8mc-00224-00044280-00044518 know what that means can you tell us a
j9NGT-gV8mc-00225-00044519-00044687 little bit about the uh the treaty of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00226-00044688-00044862 waitangi of 1840
j9NGT-gV8mc-00227-00044863-00045143 and what that was and what the the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00228-00045144-00045358 waitangi tribunal is that's leading to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00229-00045359-00045583 this treaty settlement process of today
j9NGT-gV8mc-00230-00045584-00045799 yeah sure so well first of all there's
j9NGT-gV8mc-00231-00045800-00045999 two versions of the treaty of waitangi
j9NGT-gV8mc-00232-00046000-00046135 now it was signed between
j9NGT-gV8mc-00233-00046136-00046367 the crown and the different tribes
j9NGT-gV8mc-00234-00046368-00046486 around new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00235-00046487-00046679 which we refer to as as you've referred
j9NGT-gV8mc-00236-00046680-00046823 to before as ewit
j9NGT-gV8mc-00237-00046824-00047095 um and it was signed back in 1840 but
j9NGT-gV8mc-00238-00047096-00047302 there were two versions of the treaty
j9NGT-gV8mc-00239-00047303-00047495 and so one is referred to as the treaty
j9NGT-gV8mc-00240-00047496-00047623 of waitangi and the other one's called
j9NGT-gV8mc-00241-00047624-00047830 referred to as tatiti or waitangi which
j9NGT-gV8mc-00242-00047831-00047927 is the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00243-00047928-00048158 maori name but they were two quite
j9NGT-gV8mc-00244-00048159-00048327 distinct and separate versions so i
j9NGT-gV8mc-00245-00048328-00048543 think today i'll refer to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00246-00048544-00048823 the territory of waitangi the maori
j9NGT-gV8mc-00247-00048824-00049039 version because that is the version that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00248-00049040-00049430 the vast majority of or tribes signed
j9NGT-gV8mc-00249-00049431-00049630 so that treaty was made up of three
j9NGT-gV8mc-00250-00049631-00049846 articles and the first article
j9NGT-gV8mc-00251-00049847-00050102 provided a platform for the crown to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00252-00050103-00050239 assume kawanatanga
j9NGT-gV8mc-00253-00050240-00050471 or governance over new zealand now for
j9NGT-gV8mc-00254-00050472-00050599 maori this wasn't seen
j9NGT-gV8mc-00255-00050600-00050823 as handing over sovereignty um given
j9NGT-gV8mc-00256-00050824-00051030 that under article two of the treaty
j9NGT-gV8mc-00257-00051031-00051246 um maori were guaranteed what maori
j9NGT-gV8mc-00258-00051247-00051446 referred to as rangatiratanga which is
j9NGT-gV8mc-00259-00051447-00051550 chieftainship
j9NGT-gV8mc-00260-00051551-00051758 and that gave them full in their mind
j9NGT-gV8mc-00261-00051759-00051942 full control over their territories and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00262-00051944-00051999 resources
j9NGT-gV8mc-00263-00052000-00052238 within them but they felt under article
j9NGT-gV8mc-00264-00052239-00052479 1 kawanatanga that the crown would
j9NGT-gV8mc-00265-00052479-00052559 assume
j9NGT-gV8mc-00266-00052560-00052742 a governing role there was also an
j9NGT-gV8mc-00267-00052744-00052871 article 3
j9NGT-gV8mc-00268-00052872-00053079 and that article 3 guaranteed maori the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00269-00053079-00053247 right of citizenship so a lot of maori
j9NGT-gV8mc-00270-00053248-00053350 were interested
j9NGT-gV8mc-00271-00053351-00053687 in gaining access to the trade network
j9NGT-gV8mc-00272-00053688-00053926 of the british empire and they saw this
j9NGT-gV8mc-00273-00053927-00054087 also as a pathway
j9NGT-gV8mc-00274-00054088-00054366 into becoming part of this broader
j9NGT-gV8mc-00275-00054367-00054479 system
j9NGT-gV8mc-00276-00054479-00054799 but article 2 of the treaty also
j9NGT-gV8mc-00277-00054800-00055087 gave the crown what is known as the rite
j9NGT-gV8mc-00278-00055088-00055238 of preemption
j9NGT-gV8mc-00279-00055239-00055511 so that meant that only the crown could
j9NGT-gV8mc-00280-00055512-00055623 buy land from
j9NGT-gV8mc-00281-00055624-00055919 maori now what happened once crown once
j9NGT-gV8mc-00282-00055920-00056103 the crown bought that land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00283-00056104-00056335 it came under a different jurisdiction
j9NGT-gV8mc-00284-00056336-00056503 so while that land remained an
j9NGT-gV8mc-00285-00056504-00056599 indigenous title
j9NGT-gV8mc-00286-00056600-00056942 under the chiefs it came under maori law
j9NGT-gV8mc-00287-00056944-00057279 re but once it transferred to the crown
j9NGT-gV8mc-00288-00057279-00057599 it came under crown law and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00289-00057600-00057926 it came under crown jurisdiction so
j9NGT-gV8mc-00290-00057927-00058142 what they often refer to is that new
j9NGT-gV8mc-00291-00058144-00058375 zealand was colonized by contract
j9NGT-gV8mc-00292-00058376-00058654 and what that means is that the crown
j9NGT-gV8mc-00293-00058655-00058863 vigorously moved to purchase as much
j9NGT-gV8mc-00294-00058864-00059071 land as possible to ensure that that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00295-00059072-00059271 land transferred from the chieftainship
j9NGT-gV8mc-00296-00059272-00059382 of the chiefs
j9NGT-gV8mc-00297-00059383-00059735 to the crown jurisdiction and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00298-00059736-00060015 of course that process involved a lot of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00299-00060016-00060166 underhanded dealings
j9NGT-gV8mc-00300-00060167-00060454 and a whole range of other issues which
j9NGT-gV8mc-00301-00060455-00060575 have come up today
j9NGT-gV8mc-00302-00060576-00060759 um to be resolved through the treaty of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00303-00060760-00060966 waitangi settlement process
j9NGT-gV8mc-00304-00060967-00061135 there are also large tracts of land that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00305-00061136-00061342 were confiscated through raupatu
j9NGT-gV8mc-00306-00061344-00061654 which is the taking of land and so
j9NGT-gV8mc-00307-00061655-00061830 the treaty settlement processes were
j9NGT-gV8mc-00308-00061832-00061999 developed
j9NGT-gV8mc-00309-00062000-00062206 and well they certainly started to get
j9NGT-gV8mc-00310-00062207-00062366 underway in earnest in the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00311-00062367-00062719 um in the 1990s
j9NGT-gV8mc-00312-00062720-00062966 to deal with issues around the way in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00313-00062967-00063166 which these resources were taken
j9NGT-gV8mc-00314-00063167-00063350 the way in which the colonization
j9NGT-gV8mc-00315-00063351-00063638 process occurred and to seek redress
j9NGT-gV8mc-00316-00063639-00063847 on behalf of those ewe or natural
j9NGT-gV8mc-00317-00063848-00064166 groupings
j9NGT-gV8mc-00318-00064167-00064438 and and just to come full circle then
j9NGT-gV8mc-00319-00064439-00064487 you were
j9NGT-gV8mc-00320-00064488-00064679 you began by talking about how you work
j9NGT-gV8mc-00321-00064679-00064887 in sustainable uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00322-00064888-00065215 economic development uh with ewe and as
j9NGT-gV8mc-00323-00065216-00065279 i understand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00324-00065279-00065463 that a lot of your work is really
j9NGT-gV8mc-00325-00065464-00065694 focused on ewe that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00326-00065695-00065950 now are regaining control of lands
j9NGT-gV8mc-00327-00065951-00066143 possibly their traditional lands in some
j9NGT-gV8mc-00328-00066144-00066303 cases it's lands in other parts of the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00329-00066304-00066391 country
j9NGT-gV8mc-00330-00066392-00066631 that there then might be under land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00331-00066632-00066863 management already might be in farms
j9NGT-gV8mc-00332-00066864-00067006 and that they that are now become
j9NGT-gV8mc-00333-00067007-00067206 economic assets for the uh for the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00334-00067207-00067406 community is that correct
j9NGT-gV8mc-00335-00067407-00067591 yeah that's right so the treaty
j9NGT-gV8mc-00336-00067592-00067806 settlement processes usually have
j9NGT-gV8mc-00337-00067807-00068047 several sort of components to them so
j9NGT-gV8mc-00338-00068048-00068287 one was often the return of assets
j9NGT-gV8mc-00339-00068288-00068567 so that could involve usually crown land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00340-00068568-00068687 land that was currently in crown
j9NGT-gV8mc-00341-00068688-00068767 ownership
j9NGT-gV8mc-00342-00068768-00069023 and that would return to the tr to a um
j9NGT-gV8mc-00343-00069024-00069094 to an eawy
j9NGT-gV8mc-00344-00069095-00069423 or a tribe the second thing was
j9NGT-gV8mc-00345-00069424-00069775 often cash and the third thing
j9NGT-gV8mc-00346-00069776-00070063 was certain rights around governing
j9NGT-gV8mc-00347-00070064-00070206 rights particularly at
j9NGT-gV8mc-00348-00070207-00070535 local government scales and around the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00349-00070536-00070694 way in which resources and the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00350-00070695-00070887 traditional tribal areas were managed so
j9NGT-gV8mc-00351-00070888-00071055 you've seen the formation of a lot of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00352-00071056-00071319 co-governance relationships
j9NGT-gV8mc-00353-00071320-00071494 with our what we have here at our local
j9NGT-gV8mc-00354-00071495-00071631 government level which are local
j9NGT-gV8mc-00355-00071632-00071711 councils
j9NGT-gV8mc-00356-00071712-00071911 a lot of co-governance between the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00357-00071912-00072055 tribes that have settled
j9NGT-gV8mc-00358-00072056-00072271 and with their local councils so there's
j9NGT-gV8mc-00359-00072272-00072431 a sort of a political dimension and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00360-00072432-00072606 there's the economic dimension in terms
j9NGT-gV8mc-00361-00072607-00072782 of the return of land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00362-00072783-00072959 and so the main tribe i've worked with
j9NGT-gV8mc-00363-00072960-00073159 over the years is in lake tahoe which is
j9NGT-gV8mc-00364-00073160-00073519 um new zealand's largest aoe by
j9NGT-gV8mc-00365-00073520-00073662 land area and second largest by
j9NGT-gV8mc-00366-00073663-00073862 population and it
j9NGT-gV8mc-00367-00073863-00074167 it's troubling as most of the land area
j9NGT-gV8mc-00368-00074168-00074311 of the south island of new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00369-00074312-00074447 probably three quarters of that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00370-00074448-00074799 area and that cinnamon included farmland
j9NGT-gV8mc-00371-00074800-00074911 and forestry
j9NGT-gV8mc-00372-00074912-00075231 land but also the tribe has also
j9NGT-gV8mc-00373-00075232-00075319 embarked upon
j9NGT-gV8mc-00374-00075320-00075599 quite substantial dairy farm
j9NGT-gV8mc-00375-00075600-00075726 developments
j9NGT-gV8mc-00376-00075727-00075975 great and thanks thanks for uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00377-00075976-00076150 clarifying those points and i i want to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00378-00076151-00076223 come back
j9NGT-gV8mc-00379-00076224-00076399 uh shortly but i'd like to bring you in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00380-00076400-00076559 now uh hugh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00381-00076560-00076711 as i understand that your family's
j9NGT-gV8mc-00382-00076712-00076926 background is in farming and i'd like
j9NGT-gV8mc-00383-00076927-00077111 you to tell us a little more about that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00384-00077112-00077279 background and how this relates to the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00385-00077280-00077438 book you just wrote
j9NGT-gV8mc-00386-00077439-00077694 and really how that book relates to this
j9NGT-gV8mc-00387-00077695-00077894 discussion of reconciliation and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00388-00077895-00078087 and treaty settlement in aotearoa and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00389-00078088-00078271 new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00390-00078272-00078638 thanks peter yes john's really
j9NGT-gV8mc-00391-00078639-00078782 beautifully elaborated
j9NGT-gV8mc-00392-00078783-00079094 the centrality of the treaty and land in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00393-00079095-00079287 the colonising of new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00394-00079288-00079623 and i mean what he's laid out is how
j9NGT-gV8mc-00395-00079624-00079855 at that at that early colonial moment
j9NGT-gV8mc-00396-00079856-00079982 the treaty was somewhere between
j9NGT-gV8mc-00397-00079983-00080223 indistinct and outright fraudulent
j9NGT-gV8mc-00398-00080224-00080462 and so there was a period of some
j9NGT-gV8mc-00399-00080463-00080575 decades
j9NGT-gV8mc-00400-00080576-00080735 in which you know many different
j9NGT-gV8mc-00401-00080736-00080903 pathways could have happened in new
j9NGT-gV8mc-00402-00080904-00080982 zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00403-00080983-00081159 uh we might have ended up being all
j9NGT-gV8mc-00404-00081160-00081399 sorts of different kind of colony but
j9NGT-gV8mc-00405-00081400-00081543 what eventually
j9NGT-gV8mc-00406-00081544-00081862 locked new zealand into one particular
j9NGT-gV8mc-00407-00081863-00082071 trajectory for really what was going to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00408-00082072-00082182 be
j9NGT-gV8mc-00409-00082183-00082494 over 100 years was
j9NGT-gV8mc-00410-00082495-00082726 the centrality of the farm particularly
j9NGT-gV8mc-00411-00082727-00082823 the farms
j9NGT-gV8mc-00412-00082824-00083055 of european particularly british
j9NGT-gV8mc-00413-00083056-00083279 settlers what we call pakiha
j9NGT-gV8mc-00414-00083280-00083518 arriving and using their crown right of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00415-00083519-00083759 preemption and getting hold of land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00416-00083760-00083926 of course also there were some moments
j9NGT-gV8mc-00417-00083927-00084231 of very dire military engagement
j9NGT-gV8mc-00418-00084232-00084471 and the like but the thing that really
j9NGT-gV8mc-00419-00084472-00084726 uh shifted and marginalized maori from
j9NGT-gV8mc-00420-00084727-00084894 the land was the arrival of pakia
j9NGT-gV8mc-00421-00084895-00084982 farmers
j9NGT-gV8mc-00422-00084983-00085247 and farm by farm parcel by parcel the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00423-00085248-00085350 new zealand landscape
j9NGT-gV8mc-00424-00085351-00085631 particularly from the 1860s onwards got
j9NGT-gV8mc-00425-00085632-00085687 drawn
j9NGT-gV8mc-00426-00085688-00085943 slowly into this huge pastoral farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00427-00085944-00086071 estate
j9NGT-gV8mc-00428-00086072-00086406 and i grew up
j9NGT-gV8mc-00429-00086407-00086759 on one of those pacquiao farms and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00430-00086760-00087182 the story that i knew of our farm um
j9NGT-gV8mc-00431-00087183-00087318 through my childhood and the one that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00432-00087319-00087638 was very sort of the normal narrative of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00433-00087639-00087847 being a pakia farmer in new zealand was
j9NGT-gV8mc-00434-00087848-00088055 well one we weren't pakiha farmers we
j9NGT-gV8mc-00435-00088056-00088279 were just family farmers
j9NGT-gV8mc-00436-00088280-00088543 and i was the the sort of the myths i
j9NGT-gV8mc-00437-00088544-00088631 grew up by
j9NGT-gV8mc-00438-00088632-00088799 was was that you know the new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00439-00088800-00089047 family farm was it was a pastoral farm
j9NGT-gV8mc-00440-00089048-00089255 it was either a sheep beef or dairy
j9NGT-gV8mc-00441-00089256-00089462 system and it was the most efficient in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00442-00089463-00089631 the world it was the most scientific in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00443-00089632-00089703 the world
j9NGT-gV8mc-00444-00089704-00090111 and we were fantastic we were just uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00445-00090112-00090447 an exemplar of how farming could be done
j9NGT-gV8mc-00446-00090448-00090679 and uh we were also we were also nice
j9NGT-gV8mc-00447-00090680-00090823 folks as well
j9NGT-gV8mc-00448-00090824-00091006 when i became an uh you know when i
j9NGT-gV8mc-00449-00091007-00091143 became an academic
j9NGT-gV8mc-00450-00091144-00091431 and began becoming interested in you
j9NGT-gV8mc-00451-00091432-00091687 know dynamics of rural sociology
j9NGT-gV8mc-00452-00091688-00091967 and i spent a lot of my career writing
j9NGT-gV8mc-00453-00091968-00092143 about the neoliberalisation of new
j9NGT-gV8mc-00454-00092144-00092255 zealand farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00455-00092256-00092415 and then more recently about the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00456-00092416-00092606 colonisation of new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00457-00092607-00092887 uh through farming uh i began to reflect
j9NGT-gV8mc-00458-00092888-00092991 back on my own
j9NGT-gV8mc-00459-00092992-00093174 upbringing in a very different kind of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00460-00093175-00093406 way and i so i wrote i wrote the book
j9NGT-gV8mc-00461-00093407-00093591 farming inside invisible worlds
j9NGT-gV8mc-00462-00093592-00093903 predominantly based around the story of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00463-00093904-00094135 six of my own family's farm stretching
j9NGT-gV8mc-00464-00094136-00094318 back from the 1850s
j9NGT-gV8mc-00465-00094319-00094567 through to the 1920s in terms of the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00466-00094568-00094718 initial histories and then
j9NGT-gV8mc-00467-00094719-00095031 through to the present day and how our
j9NGT-gV8mc-00468-00095032-00095126 histories
j9NGT-gV8mc-00469-00095127-00095374 for me as a kid who grew up on a pakeha
j9NGT-gV8mc-00470-00095375-00095438 farm
j9NGT-gV8mc-00471-00095439-00095567 the histories of our farms are
j9NGT-gV8mc-00472-00095568-00095774 incredibly complicated
j9NGT-gV8mc-00473-00095775-00095950 but their complexity is essentially
j9NGT-gV8mc-00474-00095951-00096174 avoided by rendering worlds around us
j9NGT-gV8mc-00475-00096175-00096255 invisible
j9NGT-gV8mc-00476-00096256-00096503 including our history is invisible and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00477-00096504-00096750 so that whole complicated story
j9NGT-gV8mc-00478-00096751-00096967 that john just laid out about treaty
j9NGT-gV8mc-00479-00096968-00097159 settlement and the way in which crown
j9NGT-gV8mc-00480-00097160-00097303 purchasing of land and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00481-00097304-00097535 the transfer of that land into pakiha
j9NGT-gV8mc-00482-00097536-00097638 ownership to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00483-00097639-00097887 create farms just was absent completely
j9NGT-gV8mc-00484-00097888-00098126 absent from my upbringing and so
j9NGT-gV8mc-00485-00098127-00098382 as a result uh our farm existed in a
j9NGT-gV8mc-00486-00098383-00098503 nice sort of little
j9NGT-gV8mc-00487-00098504-00098735 bubble on its own and we didn't have to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00488-00098736-00098871 think about too many of the wider
j9NGT-gV8mc-00489-00098872-00099015 consequences of what we did
j9NGT-gV8mc-00490-00099016-00099326 so yeah i wrote the book about what do
j9NGT-gV8mc-00491-00099327-00099511 you find out if you start looking into
j9NGT-gV8mc-00492-00099512-00099599 those invisible
j9NGT-gV8mc-00493-00099600-00099871 worlds around the farm that i grew up in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00494-00099872-00099911 and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00495-00099912-00100094 how does that change the terms of how we
j9NGT-gV8mc-00496-00100095-00100311 think about farming both in the past but
j9NGT-gV8mc-00497-00100312-00100455 also in the future
j9NGT-gV8mc-00498-00100456-00100767 in tauro new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00499-00100768-00101111 uh hugh i i'd like to ask you just to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00500-00101112-00101271 link what you've just been talking about
j9NGT-gV8mc-00501-00101272-00101503 in terms of the history of your
j9NGT-gV8mc-00502-00101504-00101711 family's experience and and the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00503-00101712-00101879 colonization process in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00504-00101880-00102206 aotearoa and new zealand uh with this
j9NGT-gV8mc-00505-00102207-00102415 move that that i had a sense was
j9NGT-gV8mc-00506-00102416-00102710 uh was active within new zealand culture
j9NGT-gV8mc-00507-00102711-00102847 today which is
j9NGT-gV8mc-00508-00102848-00103110 uh what we can broadly call a sort of a
j9NGT-gV8mc-00509-00103111-00103206 trying to reckon
j9NGT-gV8mc-00510-00103207-00103478 with the past and the process of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00511-00103479-00103694 decolonization if you might call it that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00512-00103695-00103751 which
j9NGT-gV8mc-00513-00103752-00103934 i know is a very contested term but i
j9NGT-gV8mc-00514-00103935-00104094 wonder where you see the kind of work
j9NGT-gV8mc-00515-00104095-00104206 that you're doing
j9NGT-gV8mc-00516-00104207-00104351 fitting in with this idea of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00517-00104352-00104534 decolonization
j9NGT-gV8mc-00518-00104535-00104871 yes it's an excellent question and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00519-00104872-00105310 i think what i have tried to do
j9NGT-gV8mc-00520-00105311-00105551 in the narrative of the book is is by
j9NGT-gV8mc-00521-00105552-00105751 both locating the farm as an agent of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00522-00105752-00105902 colonization
j9NGT-gV8mc-00523-00105903-00106166 and recognizing the farm as having
j9NGT-gV8mc-00524-00106167-00106239 dynamic
j9NGT-gV8mc-00525-00106240-00106502 agency as a shaper of landscape and you
j9NGT-gV8mc-00526-00106503-00106654 know farms in the sense of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00527-00106655-00107031 farms as human and non-human assemblages
j9NGT-gV8mc-00528-00107032-00107166 that that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00529-00107167-00107390 these these farms had tremendous agency
j9NGT-gV8mc-00530-00107391-00107558 to colonize new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00531-00107559-00107790 and to arrays and to marginalize and to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00532-00107791-00107927 create boundaries
j9NGT-gV8mc-00533-00107928-00108047 but in the latter stages of the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00534-00108048-00108366 narrative i really tried to turn to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00535-00108367-00108639 ask the more hopeful side of that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00536-00108640-00108751 analysis which is
j9NGT-gV8mc-00537-00108752-00108934 if farms can colonize can farms
j9NGT-gV8mc-00538-00108935-00109078 decolonize
j9NGT-gV8mc-00539-00109079-00109302 and do farms become a site where
j9NGT-gV8mc-00540-00109303-00109502 different relations with landscape
j9NGT-gV8mc-00541-00109503-00109702 become possible where different futures
j9NGT-gV8mc-00542-00109703-00109910 get enacted and so
j9NGT-gV8mc-00543-00109911-00110263 i think really the great colonisation of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00544-00110264-00110358 new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00545-00110359-00110671 hit a brick wall in 1973 when britain
j9NGT-gV8mc-00546-00110672-00110839 entered the european common market and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00547-00110840-00111054 new zealand lost its
j9NGT-gV8mc-00548-00111055-00111263 last vestiges of the colonial trading
j9NGT-gV8mc-00549-00111264-00111399 relationship with britain and was sort
j9NGT-gV8mc-00550-00111400-00111663 of thrown into a period of huge crisis
j9NGT-gV8mc-00551-00111664-00111854 and i spent most of my academic career
j9NGT-gV8mc-00552-00111855-00112031 studying the different ways in which
j9NGT-gV8mc-00553-00112032-00112199 that crisis played out
j9NGT-gV8mc-00554-00112200-00112527 but the one that became
j9NGT-gV8mc-00555-00112528-00112686 well it was partly surprising and also
j9NGT-gV8mc-00556-00112688-00112863 extremely hopeful was that out of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00557-00112864-00113078 this huge turmoil and crisis in farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00558-00113079-00113175 in new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00559-00113176-00113334 some really hopeful things began to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00560-00113335-00113534 appear that's not the way we like to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00561-00113535-00113671 think about crisis that you need
j9NGT-gV8mc-00562-00113672-00113823 something really big and terrible to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00563-00113824-00113958 happen to break down
j9NGT-gV8mc-00564-00113959-00114158 huge institutional powers and cultural
j9NGT-gV8mc-00565-00114159-00114366 norms but that's kind of what happened
j9NGT-gV8mc-00566-00114367-00114590 in new zealand farming and so
j9NGT-gV8mc-00567-00114591-00114783 out of that period of crisis and what i
j9NGT-gV8mc-00568-00114783-00114966 lived through in terms of my adult life
j9NGT-gV8mc-00569-00114967-00115063 and what all my
j9NGT-gV8mc-00570-00115064-00115254 contemporary farm family who still are
j9NGT-gV8mc-00571-00115255-00115551 on farms have experienced was
j9NGT-gV8mc-00572-00115552-00116031 this tremendous kind of diversification
j9NGT-gV8mc-00573-00116032-00116415 and heterogeneous array of things that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00574-00116416-00116534 are happening
j9NGT-gV8mc-00575-00116535-00116799 in the new zealand landscape but in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00576-00116800-00116983 terms of what john's talking about
j9NGT-gV8mc-00577-00116983-00117215 that begins to happen very late in terms
j9NGT-gV8mc-00578-00117216-00117423 of its consciousness for pakeha farmers
j9NGT-gV8mc-00579-00117424-00117599 it's only very recently
j9NGT-gV8mc-00580-00117600-00117831 that the great uh mainstream
j9NGT-gV8mc-00581-00117832-00118015 institutions of pakeha farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00582-00118016-00118263 began to realize that maori were doing
j9NGT-gV8mc-00583-00118264-00118390 something
j9NGT-gV8mc-00584-00118391-00118543 i was going to say new and exciting but
j9NGT-gV8mc-00585-00118544-00118727 actually mario reviving something
j9NGT-gV8mc-00586-00118728-00118966 old and incredibly useful and exciting
j9NGT-gV8mc-00587-00118967-00119143 in terms of how we relate to land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00588-00119144-00119399 and so in the last 10 years you've
j9NGT-gV8mc-00589-00119400-00119519 started to see
j9NGT-gV8mc-00590-00119520-00119902 a really powerful slow and seemingly
j9NGT-gV8mc-00591-00119903-00120071 unstoppable emergence
j9NGT-gV8mc-00592-00120072-00120339 of new maori land trusts and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00593-00120340-00120463 incorporations
j9NGT-gV8mc-00594-00120464-00120790 and mainstream farming organizations
j9NGT-gV8mc-00595-00120791-00120966 like our government farmer
j9NGT-gV8mc-00596-00120967-00121239 landcorp starting to look towards maori
j9NGT-gV8mc-00597-00121240-00121399 principles and land use
j9NGT-gV8mc-00598-00121400-00121710 and it's both incredibly unexpected
j9NGT-gV8mc-00599-00121711-00121886 from for people like me who were sitting
j9NGT-gV8mc-00600-00121888-00122095 in new zealand farming 40 years ago
j9NGT-gV8mc-00601-00122096-00122399 where any any involvement of maori in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00602-00122400-00122575 in the future of new zealand farming was
j9NGT-gV8mc-00603-00122576-00122702 just unthinkable
j9NGT-gV8mc-00604-00122703-00122990 to now really looking at it and going
j9NGT-gV8mc-00605-00122991-00123119 this is the pathway forward
j9NGT-gV8mc-00606-00123120-00123247 you know the pathway forward is being
j9NGT-gV8mc-00607-00123248-00123439 enacted in front of us
j9NGT-gV8mc-00608-00123440-00123758 by uh inspirational groups of uh maori
j9NGT-gV8mc-00609-00123759-00123958 owners and and land governance
j9NGT-gV8mc-00610-00123959-00124054 arrangements
j9NGT-gV8mc-00611-00124055-00124399 and in particular close relationships
j9NGT-gV8mc-00612-00124400-00124478 with the land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00613-00124479-00124678 uh very inspiring it's a very very
j9NGT-gV8mc-00614-00124679-00124799 inspiring time to be living
j9NGT-gV8mc-00615-00124800-00125071 it well i really want to turn to john
j9NGT-gV8mc-00616-00125072-00125199 now and hugh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00617-00125200-00125495 asked a provocative question earlier can
j9NGT-gV8mc-00618-00125496-00125639 farming decolonize
j9NGT-gV8mc-00619-00125640-00125983 i and i might broaden that to pakiha
j9NGT-gV8mc-00620-00125983-00126158 land relations in general what's your
j9NGT-gV8mc-00621-00126159-00126407 perspective on this john
j9NGT-gV8mc-00622-00126408-00126719 yeah that's a pretty it's a very broad
j9NGT-gV8mc-00623-00126720-00127143 uh you know and deep question so um
j9NGT-gV8mc-00624-00127144-00127351 i suppose i might just take a little
j9NGT-gV8mc-00625-00127352-00127519 step back
j9NGT-gV8mc-00626-00127520-00127775 and start to think a little bit about
j9NGT-gV8mc-00627-00127776-00127975 sort of the maori the traditional maori
j9NGT-gV8mc-00628-00127976-00128134 perspective
j9NGT-gV8mc-00629-00128135-00128447 and relationship to land so from a maori
j9NGT-gV8mc-00630-00128448-00128534 perspective
j9NGT-gV8mc-00631-00128535-00128743 the world was sort of structured by a
j9NGT-gV8mc-00632-00128744-00128934 concept called whakapapa
j9NGT-gV8mc-00633-00128935-00129151 which means that you're basically
j9NGT-gV8mc-00634-00129152-00129271 related to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00635-00129272-00129447 everything around you and the natural
j9NGT-gV8mc-00636-00129448-00129623 world whether it's a river
j9NGT-gV8mc-00637-00129624-00129927 or the land or forests or
j9NGT-gV8mc-00638-00129928-00130119 pasture whatever it is they're parts of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00639-00130120-00130263 the family tree
j9NGT-gV8mc-00640-00130264-00130534 and another core um concept is that of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00641-00130535-00130590 modi
j9NGT-gV8mc-00642-00130591-00130799 and modi means that it's sort of the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00643-00130800-00130999 life-supporting capacity of something so
j9NGT-gV8mc-00644-00131000-00131111 for example
j9NGT-gV8mc-00645-00131112-00131263 if you have a river and it's polluted it
j9NGT-gV8mc-00646-00131264-00131423 would have low maori but if it wasn't
j9NGT-gV8mc-00647-00131424-00131519 polluted and there was
j9NGT-gV8mc-00648-00131520-00131663 abundance within it you'd say it has
j9NGT-gV8mc-00649-00131664-00131847 high so
j9NGT-gV8mc-00650-00131848-00132111 from that maori perspective there's this
j9NGT-gV8mc-00651-00132112-00132199 idea
j9NGT-gV8mc-00652-00132200-00132447 that the things around in terms of the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00653-00132448-00132639 ethics are relating to the world around
j9NGT-gV8mc-00654-00132640-00132702 you
j9NGT-gV8mc-00655-00132703-00133047 that you have an obligation to increase
j9NGT-gV8mc-00656-00133048-00133287 the modi or may at least maintain the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00657-00133288-00133366 moti
j9NGT-gV8mc-00658-00133367-00133623 of the land and the resources that are
j9NGT-gV8mc-00659-00133624-00133743 around you because
j9NGT-gV8mc-00660-00133744-00133943 it's understood that if you don't under
j9NGT-gV8mc-00661-00133944-00134135 you look after the rest of the family
j9NGT-gV8mc-00662-00134136-00134375 the family can't look after you so it's
j9NGT-gV8mc-00663-00134376-00134519 this idea if you increase the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00664-00134520-00134695 of those things it'll increase your mode
j9NGT-gV8mc-00665-00134696-00134959 so it's kind of like a symbiotic
j9NGT-gV8mc-00666-00134960-00135223 way of thinking about the world and so
j9NGT-gV8mc-00667-00135224-00135390 with that sort of way of thinking which
j9NGT-gV8mc-00668-00135391-00135454 tends to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00669-00135455-00135854 frame the way most ewe
j9NGT-gV8mc-00670-00135855-00136078 understand the world and understand the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00671-00136079-00136166 way in which
j9NGT-gV8mc-00672-00136167-00136511 you relate to it that's has come to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00673-00136512-00136695 shape the technology
j9NGT-gV8mc-00674-00136696-00136990 of farming in particular the choice of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00675-00136991-00137087 technologies
j9NGT-gV8mc-00676-00137088-00137254 and the way in which these tribes are
j9NGT-gV8mc-00677-00137255-00137519 structured through settlement processes
j9NGT-gV8mc-00678-00137520-00137847 is that most of the structures were
j9NGT-gV8mc-00679-00137848-00138095 more or less imposed externally by the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00680-00138096-00138247 crown on the way in which settlement
j9NGT-gV8mc-00681-00138248-00138311 processes
j9NGT-gV8mc-00682-00138312-00138647 could occur so they were kind of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00683-00138648-00138783 forced into what the crown called
j9NGT-gV8mc-00684-00138784-00138951 natural groupings
j9NGT-gV8mc-00685-00138952-00139183 um which were large groupings of people
j9NGT-gV8mc-00686-00139184-00139335 and then the assets were then
j9NGT-gV8mc-00687-00139336-00139439 compensated
j9NGT-gV8mc-00688-00139440-00139783 or provided to those groups under large
j9NGT-gV8mc-00689-00139784-00140071 trust structures and so the resources
j9NGT-gV8mc-00690-00140072-00140239 that were once owned at sort of family
j9NGT-gV8mc-00691-00140240-00140351 levels are all kind of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00692-00140352-00140527 pulled together and centralized and they
j9NGT-gV8mc-00693-00140528-00140671 sit under these runanga
j9NGT-gV8mc-00694-00140672-00140959 or tribal council structures and then
j9NGT-gV8mc-00695-00140960-00141119 they sit within these asset
j9NGT-gV8mc-00696-00141120-00141343 sort of holding companies those asset
j9NGT-gV8mc-00697-00141344-00141495 holding companies then
j9NGT-gV8mc-00698-00141496-00141687 you know implement these farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00699-00141688-00141887 operations but what's interesting about
j9NGT-gV8mc-00700-00141888-00141983 that is that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00701-00141984-00142302 at the tribal level the tribes have got
j9NGT-gV8mc-00702-00142303-00142439 this kind of world view that i was
j9NGT-gV8mc-00703-00142440-00142543 outlining
j9NGT-gV8mc-00704-00142544-00142847 then they attempt to implement through
j9NGT-gV8mc-00705-00142848-00143014 their tribal corporations so these
j9NGT-gV8mc-00706-00143015-00143166 tribal corporations are running some of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00707-00143167-00143335 the most technologically
j9NGT-gV8mc-00708-00143336-00143583 sophisticated farming operations in the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00709-00143584-00143687 country
j9NGT-gV8mc-00710-00143688-00144071 but they're being shaped and directed
j9NGT-gV8mc-00711-00144072-00144278 by indigenous thinking and values and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00712-00144279-00144439 the way they operate
j9NGT-gV8mc-00713-00144440-00144639 and there's a bit of a tension a real
j9NGT-gV8mc-00714-00144640-00144814 tension that that occurs
j9NGT-gV8mc-00715-00144815-00145135 between um the tribal corporations
j9NGT-gV8mc-00716-00145136-00145390 and the tribal owners and the tribal
j9NGT-gV8mc-00717-00145391-00145559 corporations are trying to deliver
j9NGT-gV8mc-00718-00145560-00145807 dividends to the tribes to invest in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00719-00145808-00146063 cultural activities
j9NGT-gV8mc-00720-00146064-00146302 social welfare all these types of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00721-00146303-00146431 initiatives
j9NGT-gV8mc-00722-00146432-00146678 and at the same time as attempting to be
j9NGT-gV8mc-00723-00146679-00146823 environmentally
j9NGT-gV8mc-00724-00146824-00147143 sound and socially sound and that sort
j9NGT-gV8mc-00725-00147144-00147199 of strong
j9NGT-gV8mc-00726-00147200-00147399 emphasis has sort of pushed those
j9NGT-gV8mc-00727-00147400-00147559 corporations into
j9NGT-gV8mc-00728-00147560-00147790 behaving in new and innovative ways the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00729-00147791-00147983 types of technologies they uptake and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00730-00147984-00148111 apply
j9NGT-gV8mc-00731-00148112-00148278 and i suppose that's to me is very
j9NGT-gV8mc-00732-00148279-00148526 interesting is the way in which
j9NGT-gV8mc-00733-00148527-00148814 an indigenous knowledge system is taking
j9NGT-gV8mc-00734-00148815-00148959 control of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00735-00148960-00149311 uh technology and systems
j9NGT-gV8mc-00736-00149312-00149535 and ideas and applying it through their
j9NGT-gV8mc-00737-00149536-00149671 own frame
j9NGT-gV8mc-00738-00149672-00149847 and doing very well out of it and some
j9NGT-gV8mc-00739-00149848-00150014 of our research has shown that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00740-00150015-00150199 you know some of the highest performing
j9NGT-gV8mc-00741-00150200-00150319 farming operations
j9NGT-gV8mc-00742-00150320-00150535 in new zealand and those winning the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00743-00150536-00150647 most environmental
j9NGT-gV8mc-00744-00150648-00150926 awards are maori operations using these
j9NGT-gV8mc-00745-00150927-00151014 types of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00746-00151015-00151335 thinking and systems that's where i
j9NGT-gV8mc-00747-00151336-00151447 think there's quite a lot of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00748-00151448-00151631 opportunity and quite a lot of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00749-00151632-00151863 excitement at the same time
j9NGT-gV8mc-00750-00151864-00152175 it's a kind of a continuum within new
j9NGT-gV8mc-00751-00152176-00152343 zealand of different maori organizations
j9NGT-gV8mc-00752-00152344-00152447 from those
j9NGT-gV8mc-00753-00152448-00152759 that are often with maori small maori
j9NGT-gV8mc-00754-00152760-00152887 family land trusts and other
j9NGT-gV8mc-00755-00152888-00153159 organizations which are quite poor
j9NGT-gV8mc-00756-00153160-00153463 and struggling through these large
j9NGT-gV8mc-00757-00153464-00153695 corporate entities that are often
j9NGT-gV8mc-00758-00153696-00154014 thriving in the new environment
j9NGT-gV8mc-00759-00154015-00154254 i i know some of our listeners heads are
j9NGT-gV8mc-00760-00154255-00154399 getting dizzy right now as
j9NGT-gV8mc-00761-00154400-00154726 is my own um but i this is exactly why
j9NGT-gV8mc-00762-00154727-00154895 i'm talking to the two of you today
j9NGT-gV8mc-00763-00154896-00155119 because i think there's a really
j9NGT-gV8mc-00764-00155120-00155359 fascinating story taking place in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00765-00155360-00155454 aotearoa
j9NGT-gV8mc-00766-00155455-00155743 new zealand notwithstanding a very
j9NGT-gV8mc-00767-00155744-00155911 troubled history
j9NGT-gV8mc-00768-00155912-00156111 this uh you know everything that you
j9NGT-gV8mc-00769-00156112-00156271 just described john the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00770-00156272-00156511 the the bringing together of uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00771-00156512-00156735 traditional values around whakapapa and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00772-00156736-00156839 modi
j9NGT-gV8mc-00773-00156840-00157047 um traditional governance structures new
j9NGT-gV8mc-00774-00157048-00157207 governance structures
j9NGT-gV8mc-00775-00157208-00157543 uh technology and innovation um
j9NGT-gV8mc-00776-00157544-00157790 and as you said the the the proof is in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00777-00157791-00157911 the pudding in in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00778-00157912-00158247 some of the uh the the maori led
j9NGT-gV8mc-00779-00158248-00158590 enterprises becoming real leaders
j9NGT-gV8mc-00780-00158591-00158895 in both economic returns and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00781-00158896-00158999 sustainability
j9NGT-gV8mc-00782-00159000-00159102 at the other dimensions of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00783-00159103-00159335 sustainability
j9NGT-gV8mc-00784-00159336-00159551 i really i want to come back to this but
j9NGT-gV8mc-00785-00159552-00159735 i feel like i told our listeners at the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00786-00159736-00159863 beginning that we'd talk a little bit
j9NGT-gV8mc-00787-00159864-00160047 about dairy farming and i feel like i
j9NGT-gV8mc-00788-00160048-00160247 want to bring that story in because it's
j9NGT-gV8mc-00789-00160248-00160463 it's a bit of a case study that reveals
j9NGT-gV8mc-00790-00160464-00160575 uh maybe
j9NGT-gV8mc-00791-00160576-00160847 in a way how things can go wrong and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00792-00160848-00161031 provides also some
j9NGT-gV8mc-00793-00161032-00161239 some glimpses into how things maybe can
j9NGT-gV8mc-00794-00161240-00161359 go right
j9NGT-gV8mc-00795-00161360-00161599 um so in our opening i i mentioned that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00796-00161600-00161695 we talk about
j9NGT-gV8mc-00797-00161696-00161990 livestock farming and climate change um
j9NGT-gV8mc-00798-00161991-00162071 in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00799-00162072-00162383 aotearoa and new zealand uh the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00800-00162384-00162654 livestock industry you know is about 49
j9NGT-gV8mc-00801-00162655-00162759 percent of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00802-00162760-00163054 greenhouse gas emissions um a big part
j9NGT-gV8mc-00803-00163055-00163190 of and a growing
j9NGT-gV8mc-00804-00163191-00163390 part at least over the last 30 years has
j9NGT-gV8mc-00805-00163391-00163526 been the dairy sector
j9NGT-gV8mc-00806-00163527-00163775 which is up to about a quarter of total
j9NGT-gV8mc-00807-00163776-00163926 greenhouse gas emissions for
j9NGT-gV8mc-00808-00163927-00164135 atero new zealand which compared to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00809-00164136-00164343 north america dairying is maybe two
j9NGT-gV8mc-00810-00164344-00164438 percent
j9NGT-gV8mc-00811-00164439-00164631 um but that's in part because it's such
j9NGT-gV8mc-00812-00164632-00164887 a huge export industry in uh in new
j9NGT-gV8mc-00813-00164888-00164990 zealand with uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00814-00164991-00165319 markets in uh china with for uh powdered
j9NGT-gV8mc-00815-00165320-00165383 milk and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00816-00165384-00165614 in the middle east for butter spreads
j9NGT-gV8mc-00817-00165615-00165743 and so on
j9NGT-gV8mc-00818-00165744-00166038 um hugh can you tell us a bit about how
j9NGT-gV8mc-00819-00166039-00166143 this industry
j9NGT-gV8mc-00820-00166144-00166463 catapulted to where it is today and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00821-00166464-00166647 i know i know i'm asking you to do a lot
j9NGT-gV8mc-00822-00166648-00166838 in a short time but
j9NGT-gV8mc-00823-00166839-00166999 maybe also a little bit about the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00824-00167000-00167214 environmental and social conflict that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00825-00167215-00167551 came with it yes well
j9NGT-gV8mc-00826-00167552-00167823 darien was part of the great pastoral
j9NGT-gV8mc-00827-00167824-00167966 empire of new zealand through its
j9NGT-gV8mc-00828-00167967-00168078 colonial phase
j9NGT-gV8mc-00829-00168079-00168278 and but it was always second fiddle to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00830-00168279-00168543 sheep farming when the great crisis came
j9NGT-gV8mc-00831-00168544-00168790 after 1973 and new zealand lost its
j9NGT-gV8mc-00832-00168791-00168919 access to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00833-00168920-00169166 exclusive access to britain all these
j9NGT-gV8mc-00834-00169167-00169223 old
j9NGT-gV8mc-00835-00169224-00169502 traditional huge pastoral sectors went
j9NGT-gV8mc-00836-00169503-00169735 into a period of intense crisis
j9NGT-gV8mc-00837-00169736-00169902 the dairy industry actually did
j9NGT-gV8mc-00838-00169903-00170071 reasonably well
j9NGT-gV8mc-00839-00170072-00170335 out of the crisis and has been on a well
j9NGT-gV8mc-00840-00170336-00170502 as economists would see it on a massive
j9NGT-gV8mc-00841-00170503-00170638 growth trajectory
j9NGT-gV8mc-00842-00170639-00170871 mainly because the sheep industry really
j9NGT-gV8mc-00843-00170872-00171111 crashed badly particularly wool markets
j9NGT-gV8mc-00844-00171112-00171214 around the world
j9NGT-gV8mc-00845-00171215-00171551 and what's happened uh is that we now
j9NGT-gV8mc-00846-00171552-00171638 have
j9NGT-gV8mc-00847-00171639-00171838 really two dairy industries in new
j9NGT-gV8mc-00848-00171839-00172038 zealand existing side by side there's
j9NGT-gV8mc-00849-00172039-00172283 the very old traditional dairy farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00850-00172284-00172551 regions like taranaki
j9NGT-gV8mc-00851-00172552-00172790 where you have multi-generational dairy
j9NGT-gV8mc-00852-00172791-00173190 farmers on reasonably small dairy units
j9NGT-gV8mc-00853-00173191-00173390 with low levels of debt and then you
j9NGT-gV8mc-00854-00173391-00173511 have the second
j9NGT-gV8mc-00855-00173512-00173719 wave of dairying this kind of dairy
j9NGT-gV8mc-00856-00173720-00173966 frontier that pushed out over the last
j9NGT-gV8mc-00857-00173967-00174071 20 years
j9NGT-gV8mc-00858-00174072-00174335 into the collapsing sheep and beef
j9NGT-gV8mc-00859-00174336-00174511 sector which had tended to happen on
j9NGT-gV8mc-00860-00174512-00174671 more dry land
j9NGT-gV8mc-00861-00174672-00174959 in that frontier the dairy industry
j9NGT-gV8mc-00862-00174960-00175183 forged a new model for dairying in new
j9NGT-gV8mc-00863-00175184-00175295 zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00864-00175296-00175551 which was based under center pivot
j9NGT-gV8mc-00865-00175552-00175751 irrigators
j9NGT-gV8mc-00866-00175752-00176190 using a particular variety of rye grass
j9NGT-gV8mc-00867-00176191-00176483 and and heavy application of nitrate
j9NGT-gV8mc-00868-00176484-00176783 fertilizers and using that combination
j9NGT-gV8mc-00869-00176784-00177047 dairy kind of colonized a whole new
j9NGT-gV8mc-00870-00177048-00177183 frontier of farming which had once been
j9NGT-gV8mc-00871-00177184-00177319 dry land sheep farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00872-00177320-00177614 became wet dairying land this is
j9NGT-gV8mc-00873-00177615-00177807 particularly along the east coast of the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00874-00177808-00177902 south island
j9NGT-gV8mc-00875-00177903-00178214 where john is based in canterbury
j9NGT-gV8mc-00876-00178215-00178383 through parts just north of where i am
j9NGT-gV8mc-00877-00178384-00178638 in north otago and southland
j9NGT-gV8mc-00878-00178639-00178895 and all the growth in the dairy sector
j9NGT-gV8mc-00879-00178896-00178983 really
j9NGT-gV8mc-00880-00178984-00179183 came from that that new frontier of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00881-00179184-00179295 dairying
j9NGT-gV8mc-00882-00179296-00179478 the catch being is that the frontier
j9NGT-gV8mc-00883-00179479-00179678 dairying is incredibly intensive
j9NGT-gV8mc-00884-00179679-00179887 uh this is by new zealand standards it's
j9NGT-gV8mc-00885-00179888-00180047 still a grass-based system
j9NGT-gV8mc-00886-00180048-00180183 so it's not really intensive in the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00887-00180184-00180359 north american sense but by new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00888-00180360-00180414 standards
j9NGT-gV8mc-00889-00180415-00180559 it was a level of intensity of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00890-00180560-00180695 production that had never been seen
j9NGT-gV8mc-00891-00180696-00180807 before
j9NGT-gV8mc-00892-00180808-00181135 and uh what happened was that that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00893-00181136-00181343 intensity began to
j9NGT-gV8mc-00894-00181344-00181638 cause two immediately problematic
j9NGT-gV8mc-00895-00181639-00181887 environmental effects one is that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00896-00181888-00182031 you're just sticking a whole lot of big
j9NGT-gV8mc-00897-00182032-00182238 ruminants
j9NGT-gV8mc-00898-00182239-00182423 in the form of cows onto land that once
j9NGT-gV8mc-00899-00182424-00182702 had sheep and they are generating a lot
j9NGT-gV8mc-00900-00182703-00182926 more greenhouse gases through
j9NGT-gV8mc-00901-00182927-00183151 what we call them politely enteric
j9NGT-gV8mc-00902-00183152-00183302 emissions
j9NGT-gV8mc-00903-00183303-00183495 so in terms of greenhouse gas profile
j9NGT-gV8mc-00904-00183496-00183647 you've got a combination of a lot more
j9NGT-gV8mc-00905-00183648-00183766 cows on the landscape
j9NGT-gV8mc-00906-00183767-00183999 and a lot more nitrate fertilizers being
j9NGT-gV8mc-00907-00184000-00184223 used which of course are also producing
j9NGT-gV8mc-00908-00184224-00184463 a greenhouse gas so that was the first
j9NGT-gV8mc-00909-00184464-00184663 immediate effect but the second one
j9NGT-gV8mc-00910-00184664-00184847 which in some ways is even more
j9NGT-gV8mc-00911-00184848-00185023 compelling as a social
j9NGT-gV8mc-00912-00185024-00185223 and political drama in new zealand is
j9NGT-gV8mc-00913-00185224-00185478 that this was happening in areas that
j9NGT-gV8mc-00914-00185479-00185790 they were dry often quite
j9NGT-gV8mc-00915-00185791-00186047 sensitive fresh water systems and the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00916-00186048-00186175 arrival of a
j9NGT-gV8mc-00917-00186176-00186399 of a heavier industrial model of farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00918-00186400-00186535 into those systems has caused fresh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00919-00186536-00186687 water impacts
j9NGT-gV8mc-00920-00186688-00186926 and released a lot of nitrogen into
j9NGT-gV8mc-00921-00186927-00187143 groundwater systems
j9NGT-gV8mc-00922-00187144-00187454 and has unleashed a slow
j9NGT-gV8mc-00923-00187455-00187719 unfolding cascade of freshwater effects
j9NGT-gV8mc-00924-00187720-00187863 which has become extraordinarily
j9NGT-gV8mc-00925-00187864-00188023 politically and socially contentious in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00926-00188024-00188175 new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00927-00188176-00188350 to just round out the narrative this
j9NGT-gV8mc-00928-00188351-00188559 really the moment in which
j9NGT-gV8mc-00929-00188560-00188895 in my uh understanding as an academic
j9NGT-gV8mc-00930-00188896-00189143 the moment in which pakiha new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-00931-00189144-00189199 moved from
j9NGT-gV8mc-00932-00189200-00189390 basically saying farming's great farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00933-00189391-00189526 is an enormously important part of our
j9NGT-gV8mc-00934-00189527-00189687 history all our cousins are successful
j9NGT-gV8mc-00935-00189688-00189743 farmers
j9NGT-gV8mc-00936-00189744-00189911 if there are a few minor environmental
j9NGT-gV8mc-00937-00189912-00190071 impacts that's okay
j9NGT-gV8mc-00938-00190072-00190399 two we have a major problem with farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-00939-00190400-00190583 in terms of its environmental impacts
j9NGT-gV8mc-00940-00190584-00190847 happens around the year 2000
j9NGT-gV8mc-00941-00190848-00191038 this is when this new frontier style of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00942-00191039-00191214 intensive daring is starting to really
j9NGT-gV8mc-00943-00191215-00191343 gain pace
j9NGT-gV8mc-00944-00191344-00191599 and a public campaign called the dirty
j9NGT-gV8mc-00945-00191600-00191863 darian campaign after 2001
j9NGT-gV8mc-00946-00191864-00192031 emerged it was really the first time
j9NGT-gV8mc-00947-00192032-00192199 that there had been political
j9NGT-gV8mc-00948-00192200-00192383 and social backlash against farming and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00949-00192384-00192590 since the dirty dairying campaign
j9NGT-gV8mc-00950-00192591-00192838 which was a straight out set of uh media
j9NGT-gV8mc-00951-00192839-00192990 advertisements and protests against
j9NGT-gV8mc-00952-00192991-00193054 varying
j9NGT-gV8mc-00953-00193055-00193271 dairy impacts on freshwater systems
j9NGT-gV8mc-00954-00193272-00193399 since then
j9NGT-gV8mc-00955-00193400-00193671 it's really been all on and questions
j9NGT-gV8mc-00956-00193672-00193838 about the environmental impact of daring
j9NGT-gV8mc-00957-00193839-00194047 both in terms of its freshwater impacts
j9NGT-gV8mc-00958-00194048-00194271 and at a broader level it's climate
j9NGT-gV8mc-00959-00194272-00194375 change impacts
j9NGT-gV8mc-00960-00194376-00194638 have been a very very hot political
j9NGT-gV8mc-00961-00194639-00194926 issue and social issue of a sense
j9NGT-gV8mc-00962-00194927-00195135 i knew you could do it hugh you uh you
j9NGT-gV8mc-00963-00195136-00195263 packed a lot in there and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00964-00195264-00195607 and that's uh a really compact summary
j9NGT-gV8mc-00965-00195608-00195695 of uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00966-00195696-00195911 at least over a hundred years of of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00967-00195912-00196078 change and then certainly uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00968-00196079-00196302 you know the the big changes that have
j9NGT-gV8mc-00969-00196303-00196478 happened since the early 90s and and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00970-00196479-00196559 then
j9NGT-gV8mc-00971-00196560-00196887 2000s with this increased attention
j9NGT-gV8mc-00972-00196888-00197150 and concern from pakihan new zealanders
j9NGT-gV8mc-00973-00197151-00197223 and
j9NGT-gV8mc-00974-00197224-00197438 and and i i guess i want to bring the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00975-00197439-00197663 the the timeline backed because john was
j9NGT-gV8mc-00976-00197664-00197838 talking about the uh some of the treaty
j9NGT-gV8mc-00977-00197839-00197999 settlement processes
j9NGT-gV8mc-00978-00198000-00198287 um really coming to uh fruition in the
j9NGT-gV8mc-00979-00198288-00198423 1990s
j9NGT-gV8mc-00980-00198424-00198687 and some of this land coming back to uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-00981-00198688-00198895 coming into ewe control
j9NGT-gV8mc-00982-00198896-00199119 under corporations and various various
j9NGT-gV8mc-00983-00199120-00199350 governance structures in the 1990s
j9NGT-gV8mc-00984-00199351-00199535 some of which is in derry some of which
j9NGT-gV8mc-00985-00199536-00199654 is in
j9NGT-gV8mc-00986-00199655-00199935 commercial forestry so john can i i'd
j9NGT-gV8mc-00987-00199936-00200102 like to go back to you because
j9NGT-gV8mc-00988-00200103-00200399 um you're now working with ewi who
j9NGT-gV8mc-00989-00200400-00200495 manage
j9NGT-gV8mc-00990-00200496-00200799 lands where people are looking perhaps
j9NGT-gV8mc-00991-00200800-00201038 you know maori may have looked in this
j9NGT-gV8mc-00992-00201039-00201214 way for a long time and new zealanders
j9NGT-gV8mc-00993-00201215-00201390 in general are looking very carefully at
j9NGT-gV8mc-00994-00201391-00201487 how
j9NGT-gV8mc-00995-00201488-00201702 land is used and what the environmental
j9NGT-gV8mc-00996-00201703-00201887 impacts are both in terms of greenhouse
j9NGT-gV8mc-00997-00201888-00202111 gas emissions and on water
j9NGT-gV8mc-00998-00202112-00202271 how how do you see that from the kind of
j9NGT-gV8mc-00999-00202272-00202478 work that you do
j9NGT-gV8mc-01000-00202479-00202735 yeah sure so just i might take one step
j9NGT-gV8mc-01001-00202736-00202854 back
j9NGT-gV8mc-01002-00202855-00203135 and just outline that so we've had the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01003-00203136-00203263 settlement processes
j9NGT-gV8mc-01004-00203264-00203543 uh which we've had um land returned in
j9NGT-gV8mc-01005-00203544-00203583 which
j9NGT-gV8mc-01006-00203584-00203935 um a number of ewe are engaged in
j9NGT-gV8mc-01007-00203936-00204150 you know dairy farming today but there's
j9NGT-gV8mc-01008-00204151-00204238 also been a
j9NGT-gV8mc-01009-00204239-00204431 reasonably long history of maori dairy
j9NGT-gV8mc-01010-00204432-00204599 farming in various parts
j9NGT-gV8mc-01011-00204600-00204750 of the country and the formation of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01012-00204751-00204903 corporate cooperatives
j9NGT-gV8mc-01013-00204904-00205079 you know and being quite successful at
j9NGT-gV8mc-01014-00205080-00205214 different times in
j9NGT-gV8mc-01015-00205215-00205398 new zealand's history but then not
j9NGT-gV8mc-01016-00205400-00205598 finding the institutional support
j9NGT-gV8mc-01017-00205600-00205814 structures needed to support maori so
j9NGT-gV8mc-01018-00205815-00205942 this for example not being able to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01019-00205944-00206158 access financing or other things to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01020-00206159-00206503 develop their dairy farming initiatives
j9NGT-gV8mc-01021-00206504-00206679 and then to come forward into this sort
j9NGT-gV8mc-01022-00206680-00206855 of 90s period
j9NGT-gV8mc-01023-00206856-00207046 when maori were having land returned and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01024-00207048-00207255 then were starting to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01025-00207256-00207606 engage in dairy farming on scale
j9NGT-gV8mc-01026-00207607-00207958 and i think
j9NGT-gV8mc-01027-00207959-00208279 certainly being in the room
j9NGT-gV8mc-01028-00208280-00208446 when some of those decisions were being
j9NGT-gV8mc-01029-00208448-00208606 made
j9NGT-gV8mc-01030-00208607-00208838 there were a lot of questions and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01031-00208839-00208975 concerns
j9NGT-gV8mc-01032-00208976-00209231 around the impact of what the impact of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01033-00209232-00209375 deering would have
j9NGT-gV8mc-01034-00209376-00209686 on um fresh water and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01035-00209687-00209982 particularly from certainly a naitah
j9NGT-gV8mc-01036-00209983-00210087 perspective
j9NGT-gV8mc-01037-00210088-00210423 which was most familiar the impact of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01038-00210423-00210646 mahi makai which is the traditional
j9NGT-gV8mc-01039-00210648-00210951 food resources that are gathered out of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01040-00210952-00211239 freshwater systems and so there was a
j9NGT-gV8mc-01041-00211240-00211431 lot of concern about the expansion of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01042-00211432-00211631 daring and particularly the tribe going
j9NGT-gV8mc-01043-00211632-00211719 into deering
j9NGT-gV8mc-01044-00211719-00211903 but at the same time there's this sort
j9NGT-gV8mc-01045-00211904-00212223 of pressure you've got land returned
j9NGT-gV8mc-01046-00212223-00212615 and you need to be able to make
j9NGT-gV8mc-01047-00212616-00212791 some return on that land for your own
j9NGT-gV8mc-01048-00212792-00213023 people and so um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01049-00213023-00213287 it's also being put into this unenviable
j9NGT-gV8mc-01050-00213288-00213398 position
j9NGT-gV8mc-01051-00213400-00213582 of needing to make a return off your
j9NGT-gV8mc-01052-00213583-00213767 land at the same time
j9NGT-gV8mc-01053-00213767-00214006 as everybody else is going through this
j9NGT-gV8mc-01054-00214007-00214191 sort of dairy gold rush
j9NGT-gV8mc-01055-00214192-00214375 sort of tsunami that was happening
j9NGT-gV8mc-01056-00214376-00214567 certainly in the canterbury region where
j9NGT-gV8mc-01057-00214567-00214663 i am where every
j9NGT-gV8mc-01058-00214664-00214975 everybody was all the farmers and were
j9NGT-gV8mc-01059-00214976-00215158 converting in the dry land areas to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01060-00215159-00215310 deering from
j9NGT-gV8mc-01061-00215311-00215623 from sheep and so there was like this
j9NGT-gV8mc-01062-00215623-00215879 need to be on board to be able to get
j9NGT-gV8mc-01063-00215880-00216031 this you know take advantage of this
j9NGT-gV8mc-01064-00216032-00216134 economic benefit
j9NGT-gV8mc-01065-00216135-00216398 but at the same time um this sort of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01066-00216400-00216479 concern
j9NGT-gV8mc-01067-00216480-00216782 about what the impact would be so um in
j9NGT-gV8mc-01068-00216783-00216871 response
j9NGT-gV8mc-01069-00216871-00217046 there's there was this saying well if
j9NGT-gV8mc-01070-00217048-00217167 we're going to go in this direction we
j9NGT-gV8mc-01071-00217167-00217198 need
j9NGT-gV8mc-01072-00217200-00217398 to do it in a way that is as responsible
j9NGT-gV8mc-01073-00217400-00217575 as possible
j9NGT-gV8mc-01074-00217576-00217839 and to be able to put in place the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01075-00217840-00217927 restrictions
j9NGT-gV8mc-01076-00217928-00218263 and the demands on what our farms how
j9NGT-gV8mc-01077-00218264-00218406 and how they need to perform and what
j9NGT-gV8mc-01078-00218407-00218606 they need to do so that was kind of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01079-00218607-00218798 you know what was happening there but it
j9NGT-gV8mc-01080-00218800-00218998 also differs around the country
j9NGT-gV8mc-01081-00219000-00219319 some parts of the country um can
j9NGT-gV8mc-01082-00219319-00219646 assume the terms of land type is much
j9NGT-gV8mc-01083-00219648-00219958 better at accommodating dairy farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-01084-00219959-00220158 whereas some areas are far less
j9NGT-gV8mc-01085-00220159-00220271 accommodating and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01086-00220271-00220551 just in terms of their the environmental
j9NGT-gV8mc-01087-00220552-00220703 footprint it leaves
j9NGT-gV8mc-01088-00220704-00220934 so you also find large differences
j9NGT-gV8mc-01089-00220935-00221039 between ewe
j9NGT-gV8mc-01090-00221040-00221287 and you know their level of comfort of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01091-00221288-00221406 entering into during
j9NGT-gV8mc-01092-00221407-00221598 and its impact but the other thing
j9NGT-gV8mc-01093-00221600-00221806 happening at the same time was the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01094-00221807-00222158 maori where we were gaining
j9NGT-gV8mc-01095-00222159-00222391 greater governing rights into the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01096-00222392-00222575 regional and local areas
j9NGT-gV8mc-01097-00222576-00222871 particularly around seeding policy and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01098-00222871-00223015 regulation around
j9NGT-gV8mc-01099-00223016-00223239 water and what what land uses could
j9NGT-gV8mc-01100-00223240-00223319 occur
j9NGT-gV8mc-01101-00223319-00223558 in particular areas you also see this
j9NGT-gV8mc-01102-00223559-00223710 influence coming through at a governance
j9NGT-gV8mc-01103-00223711-00223894 level with maori starting to influence
j9NGT-gV8mc-01104-00223896-00224142 what can happen but that's certainly the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01105-00224144-00224263 early 2000s
j9NGT-gV8mc-01106-00224264-00224519 period maori had very limited influence
j9NGT-gV8mc-01107-00224519-00224598 into
j9NGT-gV8mc-01108-00224600-00224775 what was happening more broadly on what
j9NGT-gV8mc-01109-00224776-00224903 could happen on land in terms of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01110-00224904-00225151 regulation
j9NGT-gV8mc-01111-00225152-00225487 when i was in aotearoa new zealand last
j9NGT-gV8mc-01112-00225488-00225567 year
j9NGT-gV8mc-01113-00225567-00225734 looking at the dairy industry and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01114-00225735-00225927 climate change this is a project i
j9NGT-gV8mc-01115-00225928-00225975 became
j9NGT-gV8mc-01116-00225976-00226182 very interested in as i had
j9NGT-gV8mc-01117-00226183-00226342 conversations with many people across
j9NGT-gV8mc-01118-00226344-00226510 the country about
j9NGT-gV8mc-01119-00226511-00226839 dairying and and what it mean a few
j9NGT-gV8mc-01120-00226840-00227015 things struck me
j9NGT-gV8mc-01121-00227016-00227198 first you know as we've discussed this
j9NGT-gV8mc-01122-00227200-00227358 industry is massive
j9NGT-gV8mc-01123-00227359-00227655 it's differentiated in the way that you
j9NGT-gV8mc-01124-00227656-00227767 indicated and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01125-00227767-00227958 john i'm glad you brought the the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01126-00227959-00228198 earlier maori history of daring as well
j9NGT-gV8mc-01127-00228200-00228527 forward but it is certainly a massive
j9NGT-gV8mc-01128-00228528-00228623 industry today
j9NGT-gV8mc-01129-00228623-00228942 uh with uh so contributing a a
j9NGT-gV8mc-01130-00228944-00229175 good part to the country's greenhouse
j9NGT-gV8mc-01131-00229176-00229319 gas emissions
j9NGT-gV8mc-01132-00229319-00229623 um it also appeared to me that uh just
j9NGT-gV8mc-01133-00229623-00229839 after probably two decades of the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01134-00229840-00229967 industry
j9NGT-gV8mc-01135-00229967-00230327 along with um agricultural sector in
j9NGT-gV8mc-01136-00230328-00230542 general maybe resisting the climate
j9NGT-gV8mc-01137-00230544-00230631 change
j9NGT-gV8mc-01138-00230632-00230815 question and not really wanting to deal
j9NGT-gV8mc-01139-00230816-00230958 with it
j9NGT-gV8mc-01140-00230959-00231327 through various uh both
j9NGT-gV8mc-01141-00231328-00231719 research and government pushing and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01142-00231719-00231863 you know there's there's various points
j9NGT-gV8mc-01143-00231864-00232039 of impact where
j9NGT-gV8mc-01144-00232040-00232327 the industry has been developing a real
j9NGT-gV8mc-01145-00232328-00232415 sense that they
j9NGT-gV8mc-01146-00232416-00232591 have to do something on this issue and i
j9NGT-gV8mc-01147-00232592-00232751 think the dirty dairying
j9NGT-gV8mc-01148-00232752-00232942 campaign that hugh was alluding to is
j9NGT-gV8mc-01149-00232944-00233142 all part of the the loss of social
j9NGT-gV8mc-01150-00233144-00233334 license that the sector
j9NGT-gV8mc-01151-00233335-00233639 uh has maybe has had
j9NGT-gV8mc-01152-00233640-00233806 in new zealand in the last couple of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01153-00233807-00233975 decades that have been
j9NGT-gV8mc-01154-00233976-00234246 forcing the industry to look more
j9NGT-gV8mc-01155-00234248-00234527 carefully at itself and its actions
j9NGT-gV8mc-01156-00234528-00234663 the third thing that i found very
j9NGT-gV8mc-01157-00234664-00234919 interesting is that um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01158-00234919-00235134 you know the solutions at least in terms
j9NGT-gV8mc-01159-00235135-00235342 of achieving net zero emissions
j9NGT-gV8mc-01160-00235344-00235646 by 2050 are are not there yet there's
j9NGT-gV8mc-01161-00235648-00235831 been some really interesting research by
j9NGT-gV8mc-01162-00235832-00236039 andy reisinger from the new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-01163-00236040-00236231 agricultural greenhouse gas research
j9NGT-gV8mc-01164-00236232-00236319 center
j9NGT-gV8mc-01165-00236319-00236558 working with industry players that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01166-00236559-00236671 suggests that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01167-00236671-00236855 mitigating sources of greenhouse gas
j9NGT-gV8mc-01168-00236856-00237127 emissions is technically possible
j9NGT-gV8mc-01169-00237128-00237479 you know through methane inhibitors in
j9NGT-gV8mc-01170-00237480-00237851 feed by breeding lower
j9NGT-gV8mc-01171-00237852-00238239 ghg-producing livestock um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01172-00238240-00238471 but those you know there's a lot of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01173-00238471-00238615 things that have to go right
j9NGT-gV8mc-01174-00238616-00238887 for the same herd size to be there by
j9NGT-gV8mc-01175-00238888-00239015 2050
j9NGT-gV8mc-01176-00239016-00239439 and uh producing much less methane
j9NGT-gV8mc-01177-00239440-00239775 much less nitrous oxides and thus
j9NGT-gV8mc-01178-00239776-00240103 being part of this net zero solution um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01179-00240104-00240494 so in sum the industry can
j9NGT-gV8mc-01180-00240496-00240687 potentially get there if a lot of things
j9NGT-gV8mc-01181-00240688-00240830 go right um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01182-00240831-00241023 but there also have to be other other
j9NGT-gV8mc-01183-00241023-00241215 options other directions for the future
j9NGT-gV8mc-01184-00241216-00241246 of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01185-00241248-00241558 of this industry and for land uses and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01186-00241559-00241806 and i i i just wonder if if that that's
j9NGT-gV8mc-01187-00241807-00241879 my sense
j9NGT-gV8mc-01188-00241880-00242167 of where things are at but i'd welcome
j9NGT-gV8mc-01189-00242167-00242327 uh both of your thoughts on
j9NGT-gV8mc-01190-00242328-00242575 on where is the industry now and where
j9NGT-gV8mc-01191-00242576-00242679 do you see it going
j9NGT-gV8mc-01192-00242680-00243030 um and maybe uh turning first to uh to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01193-00243031-00243071 hugh
j9NGT-gV8mc-01194-00243071-00243255 like would you do you think that there's
j9NGT-gV8mc-01195-00243256-00243439 going to be a sustainable daring system
j9NGT-gV8mc-01196-00243440-00243542 in new zealand what do you think that's
j9NGT-gV8mc-01197-00243544-00243679 going to look like
j9NGT-gV8mc-01198-00243680-00243934 yes it was i mean it was very
j9NGT-gV8mc-01199-00243935-00244046 interesting i mean the discussions we
j9NGT-gV8mc-01200-00244048-00244167 had last year when you were visiting
j9NGT-gV8mc-01201-00244167-00244334 were extremely interesting on this and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01202-00244335-00244510 it's always good to get an outside voice
j9NGT-gV8mc-01203-00244511-00244694 especially someone who's from a
j9NGT-gV8mc-01204-00244696-00245015 similar uh sort of settler agricultural
j9NGT-gV8mc-01205-00245016-00245246 um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01206-00245248-00245639 in canada and i have sort of pondered
j9NGT-gV8mc-01207-00245640-00245791 since we first began having these
j9NGT-gV8mc-01208-00245792-00246055 discussions um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01209-00246056-00246310 what are the what are the trajectories
j9NGT-gV8mc-01210-00246311-00246479 forward from here and i think
j9NGT-gV8mc-01211-00246480-00246687 i characterized it a few minutes ago as
j9NGT-gV8mc-01212-00246688-00246823 saying you know that there are two
j9NGT-gV8mc-01213-00246823-00246991 worlds of daring in new zealand there's
j9NGT-gV8mc-01214-00246992-00247094 old dairying
j9NGT-gV8mc-01215-00247096-00247263 in the established dairy regions like
j9NGT-gV8mc-01216-00247264-00247415 taranaki and then there's the new
j9NGT-gV8mc-01217-00247416-00247639 frontier stuff in canterbury
j9NGT-gV8mc-01218-00247640-00247830 and i think the answer is quite
j9NGT-gV8mc-01219-00247831-00247951 different for both
j9NGT-gV8mc-01220-00247952-00248319 i think there will be pathways into
j9NGT-gV8mc-01221-00248319-00248510 more sustainable more climate friendly
j9NGT-gV8mc-01222-00248511-00248855 dairying in the old systems
j9NGT-gV8mc-01223-00248856-00249071 for two reasons one is that on
j9NGT-gV8mc-01224-00249071-00249279 multi-generational dairy farms i think
j9NGT-gV8mc-01225-00249280-00249351 that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01226-00249352-00249727 um there's just a lot deeper culture um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01227-00249728-00249910 a lot more sort of acquaintanceship and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01228-00249911-00250103 relationality with your land but also in
j9NGT-gV8mc-01229-00250104-00250319 places like taranaki
j9NGT-gV8mc-01230-00250319-00250455 there's a very there's they've already
j9NGT-gV8mc-01231-00250456-00250646 made the first moves towards
j9NGT-gV8mc-01232-00250648-00250798 working with regional government and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01233-00250800-00251023 working with ewe in terms of what is
j9NGT-gV8mc-01234-00251023-00251182 appropriate use of land and how can that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01235-00251183-00251455 land start to live to its full potential
j9NGT-gV8mc-01236-00251456-00251791 uh within a dairy farm rather than its
j9NGT-gV8mc-01237-00251792-00251927 full productive potential
j9NGT-gV8mc-01238-00251928-00252079 but the other world of daring is where
j9NGT-gV8mc-01239-00252080-00252246 the real crisis is going to be the the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01240-00252248-00252446 frontier dairying because
j9NGT-gV8mc-01241-00252448-00252703 they didn't they are caught between two
j9NGT-gV8mc-01242-00252704-00252919 massive crises
j9NGT-gV8mc-01243-00252919-00253263 uh the first being this eroding sense of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01244-00253264-00253455 public social and political trust you
j9NGT-gV8mc-01245-00253456-00253598 know what the what the consultants
j9NGT-gV8mc-01246-00253600-00253839 call the social license to farm being
j9NGT-gV8mc-01247-00253840-00254046 created by initially this fresh water
j9NGT-gV8mc-01248-00254048-00254110 crisis
j9NGT-gV8mc-01249-00254111-00254358 uh but more generally it will become
j9NGT-gV8mc-01250-00254359-00254527 part of our climate
j9NGT-gV8mc-01251-00254528-00254751 adaptation uh strategies over the next
j9NGT-gV8mc-01252-00254752-00254830 10 years
j9NGT-gV8mc-01253-00254831-00255030 so that's one crisis but the other
j9NGT-gV8mc-01254-00255031-00255175 crisis is that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01255-00255176-00255342 they borrowed a huge amount of money to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01256-00255344-00255519 put on those big center pivots
j9NGT-gV8mc-01257-00255519-00255823 and buy holstein frisian dairy cows and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01258-00255823-00256023 pour lots of nitrate onto
j9NGT-gV8mc-01259-00256023-00256310 highly specialized rye grass and the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01260-00256311-00256439 frontier dairy farms are
j9NGT-gV8mc-01261-00256440-00256710 massively indebted and they are pushing
j9NGT-gV8mc-01262-00256711-00256871 right out to the edge of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01263-00256871-00257110 their systems just to try and keep the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01264-00257111-00257206 banks at bay
j9NGT-gV8mc-01265-00257207-00257358 and at the moment it's all working out
j9NGT-gV8mc-01266-00257359-00257551 okay because there's a reasonable amount
j9NGT-gV8mc-01267-00257552-00257871 of demand out of china because of covert
j9NGT-gV8mc-01268-00257871-00258127 and interest rates are historically low
j9NGT-gV8mc-01269-00258128-00258327 but we're about two base points and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01270-00258328-00258487 mortgage rates away from a
j9NGT-gV8mc-01271-00258488-00258671 massive meltdown out in frontier
j9NGT-gV8mc-01272-00258671-00258855 dairying at which point
j9NGT-gV8mc-01273-00258856-00258991 you're not talking about whether that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01274-00258992-00259191 dairy system is going to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01275-00259192-00259367 adapt climate change you're talking
j9NGT-gV8mc-01276-00259367-00259519 about a whole lot of that land returning
j9NGT-gV8mc-01277-00259519-00259687 to other forms of farming that will be
j9NGT-gV8mc-01278-00259688-00259879 more climate friendly so
j9NGT-gV8mc-01279-00259880-00260223 that's that's my take on it um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01280-00260223-00260534 i think john and i were on a farm trip
j9NGT-gV8mc-01281-00260535-00260775 um we had on a farm visit a couple of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01282-00260776-00260991 years ago out in the center of that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01283-00260992-00261334 dairy frontier in mid-canterbury and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01284-00261335-00261567 the farmer who invited us onto his farm
j9NGT-gV8mc-01285-00261567-00261839 that day you know from their perspective
j9NGT-gV8mc-01286-00261840-00262142 he pointed around himself at his highly
j9NGT-gV8mc-01287-00262144-00262295 intensive dairy farm that he was trying
j9NGT-gV8mc-01288-00262296-00262375 to modify
j9NGT-gV8mc-01289-00262376-00262606 and said 20 years come back this will
j9NGT-gV8mc-01290-00262607-00262727 not be here.
j9NGT-gV8mc-01291-00262728-00262999 he said we are we are trying absolutely
j9NGT-gV8mc-01292-00263000-00263175 everything that science can provide for
j9NGT-gV8mc-01293-00263176-00263375 us every technology to mitigate our
j9NGT-gV8mc-01294-00263376-00263558 impact to reduce our freshwater impacts
j9NGT-gV8mc-01295-00263559-00263687 we're trying everything
j9NGT-gV8mc-01296-00263688-00263855 as far as i can currently see we're
j9NGT-gV8mc-01297-00263856-00264023 going to get about halfway to where we
j9NGT-gV8mc-01298-00264024-00264095 need to be
j9NGT-gV8mc-01299-00264096-00264367 so he said we need some kind of miracle
j9NGT-gV8mc-01300-00264368-00264510 in the next 20 years
j9NGT-gV8mc-01301-00264511-00264679 to mean that dairying will still be in
j9NGT-gV8mc-01302-00264680-00264855 these parts of new zealand or else
j9NGT-gV8mc-01303-00264856-00265127 something else will be happening here
j9NGT-gV8mc-01304-00265128-00265303 john what is your uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-01305-00265304-00265558 sense because you know you described
j9NGT-gV8mc-01306-00265559-00265758 organizations like naitahu farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-01307-00265759-00265943 also have some of those big central
j9NGT-gV8mc-01308-00265944-00266063 pivot irrigators
j9NGT-gV8mc-01309-00266064-00266391 on some of their dairying properties how
j9NGT-gV8mc-01310-00266392-00266558 do you see uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-01311-00266559-00266847 maori land use maybe either following
j9NGT-gV8mc-01312-00266848-00266982 one of the trajectories that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01313-00266983-00267199 you just pointed out or maybe it's going
j9NGT-gV8mc-01314-00267200-00267391 down a different path because of its
j9NGT-gV8mc-01315-00267392-00267527 different history and governance
j9NGT-gV8mc-01316-00267528-00267775 structure and values
j9NGT-gV8mc-01317-00267776-00268110 yeah sure so um i
j9NGT-gV8mc-01318-00268111-00268423 believe that um well depending on
j9NGT-gV8mc-01319-00268424-00268671 the type of land they're farming that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01320-00268672-00268806 maori will diversify
j9NGT-gV8mc-01321-00268807-00269143 out of out of dairy in those dry
j9NGT-gV8mc-01322-00269144-00269503 dryland frontier areas although
j9NGT-gV8mc-01323-00269504-00269806 those farms are winning environmental
j9NGT-gV8mc-01324-00269807-00270030 awards for their performance their
j9NGT-gV8mc-01325-00270031-00270263 ability to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01326-00270264-00270519 to get their nitrate levels to a point
j9NGT-gV8mc-01327-00270520-00270671 on those particular types
j9NGT-gV8mc-01328-00270672-00270927 of environmental conditions and soils
j9NGT-gV8mc-01329-00270928-00271071 and to get to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01330-00271072-00271239 that level in terms of reducing the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01331-00271240-00271415 carbon footprint um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01332-00271416-00271630 yeah then just like you're saying i
j9NGT-gV8mc-01333-00271631-00271839 think they will likely shift
j9NGT-gV8mc-01334-00271840-00272191 to a different land use over the next
j9NGT-gV8mc-01335-00272192-00272510 few years to be able to comply and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01336-00272511-00272743 just also to what hugh was saying is
j9NGT-gV8mc-01337-00272744-00272823 that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01338-00272824-00272999 certainly in the development of the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01339-00273000-00273191 canterbury region there was a
j9NGT-gV8mc-01340-00273192-00273310 significant
j9NGT-gV8mc-01341-00273311-00273510 sort of well strong collaboration
j9NGT-gV8mc-01342-00273511-00273630 between banks
j9NGT-gV8mc-01343-00273631-00273943 and uh our central government in terms
j9NGT-gV8mc-01344-00273944-00274119 of crown irrigation to put in place the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01345-00274120-00274215 infrastructure
j9NGT-gV8mc-01346-00274216-00274415 for the expansion of dairy from sort of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01347-00274416-00274647 2000 and onward onwards
j9NGT-gV8mc-01348-00274648-00274967 and there has been a massive investment
j9NGT-gV8mc-01349-00274968-00275263 not just of you know farmers but banks
j9NGT-gV8mc-01350-00275264-00275343 but also
j9NGT-gV8mc-01351-00275344-00275606 in terms of public investment in terms
j9NGT-gV8mc-01352-00275607-00275647 of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01353-00275648-00275830 the large range of the water order
j9NGT-gV8mc-01354-00275831-00276023 infrastructure and like you saying
j9NGT-gV8mc-01355-00276024-00276119 paying that off
j9NGT-gV8mc-01356-00276120-00276415 is going to be a major issue john
j9NGT-gV8mc-01357-00276416-00276510 earlier in this
j9NGT-gV8mc-01358-00276511-00276910 podcast hugh talked about
j9NGT-gV8mc-01359-00276911-00277255 maori leadership within the agricultural
j9NGT-gV8mc-01360-00277256-00277415 sector and that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01361-00277416-00277767 this uh you know has has been growing
j9NGT-gV8mc-01362-00277768-00277815 and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01363-00277816-00277999 was perhaps not something he would have
j9NGT-gV8mc-01364-00278000-00278206 expected to see
j9NGT-gV8mc-01365-00278207-00278503 in the same way 25 years ago and as as
j9NGT-gV8mc-01366-00278504-00278582 an example
j9NGT-gV8mc-01367-00278583-00278815 and i i'm just curious your take on this
j9NGT-gV8mc-01368-00278816-00278943 i sent uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-01369-00278944-00279119 in advance and i can put it up on the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01370-00279120-00279351 website uh there's a document called
j9NGT-gV8mc-01371-00279352-00279679 hey waka ikanoa which is the primary
j9NGT-gV8mc-01372-00279680-00279806 sector's response
j9NGT-gV8mc-01373-00279807-00280030 to the challenge to reduce greenhouse
j9NGT-gV8mc-01374-00280031-00280319 gas emissions um it came out in 2019
j9NGT-gV8mc-01375-00280320-00280487 across
j9NGT-gV8mc-01376-00280488-00280758 new zealand uh signed on by a whole
j9NGT-gV8mc-01377-00280759-00280863 bunch of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01378-00280864-00281191 mainstream farming organizations um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01379-00281192-00281447 and seemingly you know it has a maori
j9NGT-gV8mc-01380-00281448-00281623 name and it uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-01381-00281624-00281879 refers directly to maori values and is
j9NGT-gV8mc-01382-00281880-00281951 is this
j9NGT-gV8mc-01383-00281952-00282206 symbolic is this uh a form of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01384-00282207-00282358 greenwashing or do you
j9NGT-gV8mc-01385-00282359-00282639 you know is this part of a a political
j9NGT-gV8mc-01386-00282640-00282823 shift that you think is taking place uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-01387-00282824-00283134 beginning to take place in new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-01388-00283135-00283463 i think it you know when i read that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01389-00283464-00283527 document
j9NGT-gV8mc-01390-00283528-00283823 i was you know reasonably impressed by
j9NGT-gV8mc-01391-00283824-00284030 the way they had brought in
j9NGT-gV8mc-01392-00284031-00284310 maori ways of thinking and concepts and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01393-00284311-00284406 approaches to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01394-00284407-00284734 frame their strategy and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01395-00284735-00285047 i do know that there was a reasonable
j9NGT-gV8mc-01396-00285048-00285239 amount of maori input into its
j9NGT-gV8mc-01397-00285240-00285303 development
j9NGT-gV8mc-01398-00285304-00285575 and also there was also some pushback
j9NGT-gV8mc-01399-00285576-00285630 from
j9NGT-gV8mc-01400-00285631-00285839 from certain quarters amongst maori as
j9NGT-gV8mc-01401-00285840-00285951 to whether
j9NGT-gV8mc-01402-00285952-00286182 um it was uh genuine or whether it was
j9NGT-gV8mc-01403-00286183-00286343 genuinely representing
j9NGT-gV8mc-01404-00286344-00286663 uh maori thinking and ideas
j9NGT-gV8mc-01405-00286664-00286823 you know i think certainly within
j9NGT-gV8mc-01406-00286824-00287030 industry leadership it's recognized and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01407-00287031-00287103 seen
j9NGT-gV8mc-01408-00287104-00287358 by in many quarters but whether that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01409-00287359-00287534 cascades down
j9NGT-gV8mc-01410-00287535-00287871 through and across um
j9NGT-gV8mc-01411-00287872-00288079 new zealand's farming culture overall
j9NGT-gV8mc-01412-00288080-00288182 which is you know
j9NGT-gV8mc-01413-00288183-00288479 generally conservative um that would be
j9NGT-gV8mc-01414-00288480-00288639 that'll be another question
j9NGT-gV8mc-01415-00288640-00288887 but um i suppose i'm always hopeful and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01416-00288888-00288975 optimistic
j9NGT-gV8mc-01417-00288976-00289254 and um i think um you know generally
j9NGT-gV8mc-01418-00289255-00289334 things are heading in the right
j9NGT-gV8mc-01419-00289335-00289423 direction
j9NGT-gV8mc-01420-00289424-00289606 if i would just join in there with what
j9NGT-gV8mc-01421-00289607-00289758 john's saying i think
j9NGT-gV8mc-01422-00289759-00290071 um one of the things that's
j9NGT-gV8mc-01423-00290072-00290430 struck me uh in recent years and partly
j9NGT-gV8mc-01424-00290431-00290510 it's because of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01425-00290511-00290710 uh you know the work that john and his
j9NGT-gV8mc-01426-00290711-00290903 his research group have done
j9NGT-gV8mc-01427-00290904-00291239 um in terms of just quietly
j9NGT-gV8mc-01428-00291240-00291439 elaborating and allowing all these new
j9NGT-gV8mc-01429-00291440-00291575 land use patterns
j9NGT-gV8mc-01430-00291576-00291799 to be thought about and to think about
j9NGT-gV8mc-01431-00291800-00291982 ways to bring maori principles
j9NGT-gV8mc-01432-00291983-00292191 into the way in which we farm is that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01433-00292192-00292343 really what a striking difference that
j9NGT-gV8mc-01434-00292344-00292454 is to
j9NGT-gV8mc-01435-00292455-00292623 what i experienced in my own childhood
j9NGT-gV8mc-01436-00292624-00292967 so in the 1960s
j9NGT-gV8mc-01437-00292968-00293230 in those last 10 years of the great boom
j9NGT-gV8mc-01438-00293231-00293358 time of new zealand
j9NGT-gV8mc-01439-00293359-00293623 colonial pastoral agriculture when you
j9NGT-gV8mc-01440-00293624-00293830 looked at government documents
j9NGT-gV8mc-01441-00293831-00294110 and reports in public media and active
j9NGT-gV8mc-01442-00294111-00294263 you know the judgments happening in
j9NGT-gV8mc-01443-00294264-00294327 courts
j9NGT-gV8mc-01444-00294328-00294510 maori maryland the land that was still
j9NGT-gV8mc-01445-00294511-00294679 in murray uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-01446-00294680-00295047 ownership um was derided as unproductive
j9NGT-gV8mc-01447-00295048-00295271 it was described as wasteland there were
j9NGT-gV8mc-01448-00295272-00295463 open political calls for the
j9NGT-gV8mc-01449-00295464-00295687 final remnant of the maori farming
j9NGT-gV8mc-01450-00295688-00295775 estate to be
j9NGT-gV8mc-01451-00295776-00295999 handed over to pakeha so it could be
j9NGT-gV8mc-01452-00296000-00296191 modernized and rented scientific and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01453-00296192-00296303 productive
j9NGT-gV8mc-01454-00296304-00296575 and so really you know you if you go
j9NGT-gV8mc-01455-00296576-00296782 back to the 1960s
j9NGT-gV8mc-01456-00296783-00296999 maori land was an object of derision it
j9NGT-gV8mc-01457-00297000-00297243 was object to really
j9NGT-gV8mc-01458-00297244-00297527 undisguised racist policy
j9NGT-gV8mc-01459-00297528-00297710 and orientations in terms of our
j9NGT-gV8mc-01460-00297711-00297943 university agricultural scientists and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01461-00297944-00298030 the like
j9NGT-gV8mc-01462-00298031-00298399 so to fast forward to now uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-01463-00298400-00298775 really messes with my
j9NGT-gV8mc-01464-00298776-00298975 historical understanding of where i came
j9NGT-gV8mc-01465-00298976-00299167 from because
j9NGT-gV8mc-01466-00299168-00299367 uh you know what john and his group and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01467-00299368-00299495 many others have done
j9NGT-gV8mc-01468-00299496-00299743 is really placed mary at the forefront
j9NGT-gV8mc-01469-00299744-00299943 of our response strategies
j9NGT-gV8mc-01470-00299944-00300167 uh and he hasn't had time today to talk
j9NGT-gV8mc-01471-00300168-00300327 about you know some of the work that's
j9NGT-gV8mc-01472-00300328-00300415 been done around
j9NGT-gV8mc-01473-00300416-00300734 linking maori land use to other forms of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01474-00300735-00300863 alternative agriculture
j9NGT-gV8mc-01475-00300864-00301071 like organic or regenerative and those
j9NGT-gV8mc-01476-00301072-00301319 kind of dialogues that are emerging but
j9NGT-gV8mc-01477-00301320-00301551 looking at it in a long historical sense
j9NGT-gV8mc-01478-00301552-00301767 what we're experiencing now
j9NGT-gV8mc-01479-00301768-00302015 is just profoundly different to where
j9NGT-gV8mc-01480-00302016-00302127 new zealand was
j9NGT-gV8mc-01481-00302128-00302375 as a pastoral colonial agricultural
j9NGT-gV8mc-01482-00302376-00302527 country
j9NGT-gV8mc-01483-00302528-00302758 thank you hugh and john this has been a
j9NGT-gV8mc-01484-00302759-00302951 fascinating conversation
j9NGT-gV8mc-01485-00302952-00303263 and um i feel like you've left us both
j9NGT-gV8mc-01486-00303264-00303319 with
j9NGT-gV8mc-01487-00303320-00303551 a lot to think about and and sort of
j9NGT-gV8mc-01488-00303552-00303767 make sense of but also uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-01489-00303768-00304063 a sense of of hope and of change um you
j9NGT-gV8mc-01490-00304064-00304182 know whether
j9NGT-gV8mc-01491-00304183-00304375 everything will be done in the next 29
j9NGT-gV8mc-01492-00304376-00304534 years that is anticipated
j9NGT-gV8mc-01493-00304535-00304775 uh we'll only know when we get there but
j9NGT-gV8mc-01494-00304776-00305023 uh it is amazing to see how
j9NGT-gV8mc-01495-00305024-00305223 how things can change in the way that uh
j9NGT-gV8mc-01496-00305224-00305447 you both have been describing
j9NGT-gV8mc-01497-00305448-00305654 so i want to thank you both for joining
j9NGT-gV8mc-01498-00305655-00305903 us on the ecopolitics podcast
j9NGT-gV8mc-01499-00305904-00306158 as a reminder this podcast is made made
j9NGT-gV8mc-01500-00306159-00306351 available under a creative commons
j9NGT-gV8mc-01501-00306352-00306406 license
j9NGT-gV8mc-01502-00306407-00306719 2.0 please share it and use it widely we
j9NGT-gV8mc-01503-00306720-00306758 just
j9NGT-gV8mc-01504-00306759-00307063 ask that you provide attribution you can
j9NGT-gV8mc-01505-00307064-00307327 follow us on twitter at ecopoliticsp
j9NGT-gV8mc-01506-00307328-00307730 and get in touch via our website site
j9NGT-gV8mc-01507-00307731-00307934 ecopoliticspodcast.ca the global
j9NGT-gV8mc-01508-00307935-00308119 ecopolitics podcast is produced by
j9NGT-gV8mc-01509-00308120-00308223 nicole bedford
j9NGT-gV8mc-01510-00308224-00308375 support with transcription and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01511-00308376-00308582 captioning is provided by kika mueller
j9NGT-gV8mc-01512-00308583-00308775 and adam gibbard helps us with artistic
j9NGT-gV8mc-01513-00308776-00308975 design and digital support
j9NGT-gV8mc-01514-00308976-00309230 thank you so much to our guest today and
j9NGT-gV8mc-01515-00309231-00309415 we'll see you all at the next episode
j9NGT-gV8mc-01516-00309416-00310002 stay tuned
j9NGT-gV8mc-01517-00310003-00311223 [Music]
j9NGT-gV8mc-01518-00311224-00311431 you
jqP0i1DKLac-00000-00000068-00000204 [Music]
jqP0i1DKLac-00001-00000204-00000630 [Applause]
jqP0i1DKLac-00002-00000631-00000836 so
jqP0i1DKLac-00003-00000838-00003611 [Music]
jqP0i1DKLac-00004-00003611-00004561 [Applause]
jqP0i1DKLac-00005-00004562-00005319 [Music]
jqP0i1DKLac-00006-00005320-00007573 [Music]
jqP0i1DKLac-00007-00007575-00008583 [Music]
jqP0i1DKLac-00008-00008584-00008710 [Music]
jqP0i1DKLac-00009-00008711-00008922 [Applause]
jqP0i1DKLac-00011-00012129-00013802 [Applause]
jqP0i1DKLac-00012-00013803-00016238 [Music]
jqP0i1DKLac-00013-00016240-00016448 you
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00000-00000024-00000231 hey everybody howard jacobson here i
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00001-00000231-00000351 wanted to let you know about
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00002-00000352-00000534 a podcast interview i'll be holding
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00003-00000535-00000759 tomorrow that i would love your input
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00004-00000760-00001070 on some questions the interviewee is my
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00005-00001071-00001150 friend michael
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00006-00001151-00001470 rothberg who is the vice chair for
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00007-00001471-00001647 research in the medicine institute of
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00008-00001648-00001759 the cleveland clinic
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00009-00001760-00001942 and he is the director of the center for
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00010-00001943-00002095 value-based care
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00011-00002096-00002375 research basically he spent the last 30
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00012-00002376-00002463 years
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00013-00002464-00002687 looking at large data sets looking at
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00014-00002688-00002855 evidence and comparing the actual
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00015-00002856-00002999 evidence to how medicine is
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00016-00003000-00003263 practiced he did a lot of work on flu
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00017-00003264-00003415 and influenza and so
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00018-00003415-00003631 is very familiar with virus with
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00019-00003632-00003783 infectious disease you know where this
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00020-00003784-00003886 is going
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00021-00003887-00004103 so in march we had a conversation when i
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00022-00004104-00004279 was in lockdown in south africa
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00023-00004280-00004575 about what we knew about kovid and
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00024-00004576-00004679 obviously we know
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00025-00004680-00004919 a lot more about koba than we did then
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00026-00004920-00005047 and there's also a lot more
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00027-00005048-00005263 misinformation a lot more spotty
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00028-00005264-00005447 information and frankly i'm seeing a lot
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00029-00005448-00005527 of people
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00030-00005528-00005718 even in the plant-based community even
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00031-00005719-00005879 in the evidence-based community
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00032-00005880-00006215 even epidemiologists whom i respect
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00033-00006216-00006422 they made a statement and now they're
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00034-00006423-00006559 sticking to it and it feels like
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00035-00006559-00006727 confirmation bias
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00036-00006728-00007006 is dragging us down we have to be on one
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00037-00007008-00007134 team or another
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00038-00007136-00007391 and michael rothberg is not like that he
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00039-00007392-00007559 loves being proved wrong
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00040-00007559-00007774 if new evidence shows up and he's really
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00041-00007775-00007974 good at evaluating evidence and looking
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00042-00007975-00008023 at
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00043-00008023-00008359 the big picture so the question is
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00044-00008360-00008583 what questions do you have for dr
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00045-00008584-00008774 rothberg that i can ask him tomorrow
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00046-00008775-00008927 i'm going to be talking about things
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00047-00008928-00009110 like well what do we know about the
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00048-00009111-00009210 treatments
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00049-00009211-00009503 hydroxychloroquine zinc
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00050-00009504-00009663 other things what do we know about
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00051-00009664-00009942 spread is it aerosolized
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00052-00009943-00010103 can we get it from just walking in a
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00053-00010104-00010271 room where other people have been
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00054-00010272-00010646 15 20 30 minutes earlier what about
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00055-00010647-00010991 um hurt immunity is this a real thing
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00056-00010992-00011142 should we be learning from sweden should
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00057-00011143-00011287 we be learning from vietnam
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00058-00011288-00011623 or new zealand can we get it a second
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00059-00011624-00011687 time
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00060-00011688-00011967 and what's the end game if we you know
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00061-00011968-00012159 should we be wearing masks in social
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00062-00012160-00012327 distancing should we just be moving
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00063-00012328-00012383 along
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00064-00012384-00012535 should schools reopen what does the
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00065-00012536-00012783 evidence say about all of these topics
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00066-00012784-00012943 so i want to make sure that you get your
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00067-00012944-00013094 questions answered as well so if you
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00068-00013095-00013215 want to post them
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00069-00013216-00013486 in comments below this video i'll be
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00070-00013487-00013743 posting it on various social media
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00071-00013744-00014103 media mediums and
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00072-00014104-00014279 just posting comments and i'll be going
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00073-00014280-00014415 through that today
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00074-00014416-00014615 and the con the conversation is tomorrow
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00075-00014616-00014807 friday the 14th of august
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00076-00014808-00015086 at 9 00 a.m so please get them to me
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00077-00015087-00015175 this evening
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00078-00015176-00015343 as a courtesy i'll forward them to dr
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00079-00015344-00015519 rothberg so he has a chance
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00080-00015519-00015671 to look at them because he will not
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00081-00015672-00015903 answer a question if he doesn't have
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00082-00015904-00016063 the research in front of him he's not
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00083-00016063-00016207 going to take guesses
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00084-00016208-00016415 so again questions about kovitt about
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00085-00016416-00016519 anything related
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00086-00016520-00016807 to what the scientific community knows
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00087-00016808-00016879 doesn't know
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00088-00016880-00017183 suspects the quality of the evidence and
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00089-00017184-00017647 given that policy implications globally
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00090-00017648-00018014 for the us and for us as individuals
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00091-00018015-00018207 so i'm looking forward to sharing that
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00092-00018208-00018335 with you next week
jrbLoHpKZ9A-00093-00018336-00018759 and see you soon take care
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00000-00000055-00001343 [Music]
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00001-00001344-00001695 we need a new model of civil protection
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00002-00001696-00001942 based on regional policy
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00003-00001943-00002151 which stresses prevention
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00004-00002152-00002379 and the decentralization of
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00005-00002380-00002534 responsibilities
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00006-00002535-00002839 with the aim of urgent and immediate
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00007-00002840-00003097 crisis
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00008-00003098-00003486 [Music]
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00009-00003488-00003735 because most natural disasters don't
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00010-00003736-00003879 have borders
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00011-00003879-00004103 consequently cross-border cooperation
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00012-00004104-00004399 becomes essential to prevent them and to
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00013-00004400-00004735 respond effectively when they do occur
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00014-00004736-00004927 and in this sense
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00015-00004928-00005175 a revision of the regulation on the use
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00016-00005176-00005406 of the european union solidarity fund is
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00017-00005407-00005711 highly desirable because climate change
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00018-00005712-00005951 has meant that today's episodes of
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00019-00005952-00006206 natural disasters are more frequent than
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00020-00006207-00006394 in the past
jsQ-4gfUrmA-00021-00006395-00006699 [Music]
juOsjllmRQQ-00000-00000086-00000463 once we have a figma file or project
juOsjllmRQQ-00001-00000465-00000596 created what we're probably gonna want
juOsjllmRQQ-00002-00000597-00000755 to do is share it with people gather
juOsjllmRQQ-00003-00000756-00001091 feedback and also view it on device so
juOsjllmRQQ-00004-00001092-00001249 the next thing we're gonna look at is
juOsjllmRQQ-00005-00001250-00001418 we're gonna look at what's called figma
juOsjllmRQQ-00006-00001419-00001646 mirror now this is a an app a mobile app
juOsjllmRQQ-00007-00001647-00001789 and let me show you what I'm talking
juOsjllmRQQ-00008-00001791-00002042 about here figma mirror is an app you
juOsjllmRQQ-00009-00002043-00002288 can download from the Apple App Store or
juOsjllmRQQ-00010-00002289-00002527 from Google Play it's available on iOS
juOsjllmRQQ-00011-00002528-00002800 as well as Android and it's a way for
juOsjllmRQQ-00012-00002801-00003140 you to be able to view your projects or
juOsjllmRQQ-00013-00003141-00003436 your files I should say on your device
juOsjllmRQQ-00014-00003438-00003604 now all you need to do is you need to
juOsjllmRQQ-00015-00003605-00003788 have an account with figma obviously and
juOsjllmRQQ-00016-00003789-00004028 you need to have the app installed on
juOsjllmRQQ-00017-00004029-00004253 your device and then you sign in you can
juOsjllmRQQ-00018-00004254-00004379 see on the right over there I'm about to
juOsjllmRQQ-00019-00004380-00004586 sign in this is my iOS device right now
juOsjllmRQQ-00020-00004587-00004760 if you don't have an account you can
juOsjllmRQQ-00021-00004761-00004927 create an account you can also sign in
juOsjllmRQQ-00022-00004928-00005126 with Google I'm gonna go in here and
juOsjllmRQQ-00023-00005127-00005315 sign in so I'll be back in just a second
juOsjllmRQQ-00024-00005316-00005618 all right so I just signed in and it's
juOsjllmRQQ-00025-00005619-00005743 telling me right now that I need to
juOsjllmRQQ-00026-00005744-00005920 select a frame or component that's
juOsjllmRQQ-00027-00005921-00006152 directly on the canvas now the way this
juOsjllmRQQ-00028-00006153-00006359 app works is it actually works with
juOsjllmRQQ-00029-00006360-00006589 having your device on a wireless network
juOsjllmRQQ-00030-00006590-00006794 or connected to the internet so that it
juOsjllmRQQ-00031-00006795-00007034 can access the files and projects and
juOsjllmRQQ-00032-00007034-00007259 things that you're working on so if you
juOsjllmRQQ-00033-00007259-00007469 have figma open in a browser and you
juOsjllmRQQ-00034-00007470-00007631 have this installed on your device and
juOsjllmRQQ-00035-00007631-00007862 you've signed in let me make it so I can
juOsjllmRQQ-00036-00007863-00008035 see both here it's gonna be a little
juOsjllmRQQ-00037-00008036-00008189 tight that's okay I got another window
juOsjllmRQQ-00038-00008190-00008417 open back there and what you can do is
juOsjllmRQQ-00039-00008418-00008635 you can open up your travel app if you
juOsjllmRQQ-00040-00008636-00008795 want to do that I'll double click to
juOsjllmRQQ-00041-00008796-00009035 open it up now this is in figma in the
juOsjllmRQQ-00042-00009036-00009181 browser and what we want to do is we
juOsjllmRQQ-00043-00009182-00009485 want to actually click on a frame let's
juOsjllmRQQ-00044-00009486-00009641 click on home for instance like the name
juOsjllmRQQ-00045-00009642-00009851 of the frame up here and on device
juOsjllmRQQ-00046-00009852-00009992 you're gonna see it's gonna say preview
juOsjllmRQQ-00047-00009993-00010238 is loading now what it does this is kind
juOsjllmRQQ-00048-00010239-00010469 of interesting it's actually doing a 100
juOsjllmRQQ-00049-00010470-00010753 percent preview now it's not fitting to
juOsjllmRQQ-00050-00010754-00011021 the device size it's actually just like
juOsjllmRQQ-00051-00011022-00011353 I said showing it at 100% so if your
juOsjllmRQQ-00052-00011354-00011627 frames for instance are smaller like
juOsjllmRQQ-00053-00011628-00011824 their iPhone 8 you're viewing it onto 10
juOsjllmRQQ-00054-00011825-00012044 or something like that it might look a
juOsjllmRQQ-00055-00012045-00012185 little different in size 4 because it's
juOsjllmRQQ-00056-00012186-00012494 not scaling it so we can go and click on
juOsjllmRQQ-00057-00012495-00012713 each one of these frames to take a look
juOsjllmRQQ-00058-00012714-00012910 and see what it looks like now if you
juOsjllmRQQ-00059-00012911-00013091 start clicking on objects you're not
juOsjllmRQQ-00060-00013091-00013268 going to be able to see it over there
juOsjllmRQQ-00061-00013269-00013388 unless it's acts
juOsjllmRQQ-00062-00013388-00013577 a frame or component that's directly on
juOsjllmRQQ-00063-00013578-00013925 the canvas now currently with figma
juOsjllmRQQ-00064-00013926-00014174 mirror you'll see that if I go out to
juOsjllmRQQ-00065-00014175-00014309 the device I'm looking at it right now
juOsjllmRQQ-00066-00014310-00014600 and I tap on it it's going to say okay
juOsjllmRQQ-00067-00014601-00014759 we're connected through Wi-Fi if I tap
juOsjllmRQQ-00068-00014760-00015068 again it's gonna show this screen we are
juOsjllmRQQ-00069-00015069-00015316 not actually testing any prototyping on
juOsjllmRQQ-00070-00015318-00015488 here yet so this is something that we're
juOsjllmRQQ-00071-00015488-00015713 just using it to view to see what it
juOsjllmRQQ-00072-00015713-00015966 looks like and kind of work from there
juOsjllmRQQ-00073-00015968-00016262 now if you don't have this available if
juOsjllmRQQ-00074-00016263-00016496 you don't have you know the app you
juOsjllmRQQ-00075-00016497-00016628 can't get to it or you have a different
juOsjllmRQQ-00076-00016629-00016793 version of Android because I believe it
juOsjllmRQQ-00077-00016794-00017147 requires Android 7 plus you can actually
juOsjllmRQQ-00078-00017148-00017747 go to figma dot com slash mirror so you
juOsjllmRQQ-00079-00017748-00017950 can actually type in figma comm slash
juOsjllmRQQ-00080-00017951-00018158 mirror on your device in the browser on
juOsjllmRQQ-00081-00018159-00018365 your device and it will show you
juOsjllmRQQ-00082-00018366-00018593 whatever you've clicked on as far as a
juOsjllmRQQ-00083-00018594-00018875 frame in your file so this is one way to
juOsjllmRQQ-00084-00018876-00019031 get around the fact that you might not
juOsjllmRQQ-00085-00019032-00019352 have access to the figma mirror app on
juOsjllmRQQ-00086-00019353-00019703 your device so this is just a fast quick
juOsjllmRQQ-00087-00019704-00019930 easy way to be able to see what your
juOsjllmRQQ-00088-00019931-00020156 frames look like in other words what
juOsjllmRQQ-00089-00020157-00020318 your files and projects are looking like
juOsjllmRQQ-00090-00020319-00020831 directly on device using figma mirror
juT7LQ26Jxc-00000-00000008-00000383 on the 7th of April 2018 a chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00001-00000384-00000559 attack in the Syrian city of Douma
juT7LQ26Jxc-00002-00000560-00000902 reportedly killed at least 70 people the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00003-00000902-00001133 attack was attributed to the Syrian army
juT7LQ26Jxc-00004-00001134-00001403 by rebel forces in Duma non-governmental
juT7LQ26Jxc-00005-00001404-00001630 aid and medical workers there and by a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00006-00001632-00001876 number of countries including the United
juT7LQ26Jxc-00007-00001877-00002090 States most NATO members and the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00008-00002091-00002401 European Union Syria and Russia's
juT7LQ26Jxc-00009-00002402-00002675 Defense Ministry stated that the attack
juT7LQ26Jxc-00010-00002676-00002933 did not happen and video evidence for it
juT7LQ26Jxc-00011-00002934-00003137 was staged and directed by British
juT7LQ26Jxc-00012-00003138-00003572 intelligence on the 14th of April 2018
juT7LQ26Jxc-00013-00003572-00003845 the United States France and the United
juT7LQ26Jxc-00014-00003846-00004072 Kingdom carried out a series of military
juT7LQ26Jxc-00015-00004073-00004265 strikes against multiple government
juT7LQ26Jxc-00016-00004266-00004676 sites in Syria on the 6th of July 2018
juT7LQ26Jxc-00017-00004677-00004897 an interim report was issued by the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00018-00004898-00005108 organisation for the prohibition of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00019-00005109-00005543 chemical weapons OPCW various chlorinate
juT7LQ26Jxc-00020-00005544-00005818 organic chemicals dichloro acetic acid
juT7LQ26Jxc-00021-00005819-00006043 trichloroacetic acid chlorophenol
juT7LQ26Jxc-00022-00006044-00006297 dichloro phenol borne or chloride
juT7LQ26Jxc-00023-00006298-00006563 chlorohydrate etc were found in samples
juT7LQ26Jxc-00024-00006564-00006830 along with residues of explosive but the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00025-00006831-00007103 designated laboratory o3 stated that no
juT7LQ26Jxc-00026-00007104-00007409 CWC scheduled chemicals or nerve agent
juT7LQ26Jxc-00027-00007409-00007651 related chemicals were detected in
juT7LQ26Jxc-00028-00007652-00007948 September 2018 the UN Commission of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00029-00007950-00008237 Inquiry on Syria reported throughout the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00030-00008238-00008501 7th of April numerous aerial attacks
juT7LQ26Jxc-00031-00008502-00008741 were carried out in duma striking
juT7LQ26Jxc-00032-00008742-00009142 various residential areas a vast body of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00033-00009143-00009362 evidence collected by the commission
juT7LQ26Jxc-00034-00009363-00009671 suggests that at approximately 7:30 p.m.
juT7LQ26Jxc-00035-00009672-00009923 a gas cylinder containing a chlorine
juT7LQ26Jxc-00036-00009924-00010192 payload delivered by helicopter struck a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00037-00010193-00010442 multi-story residential apartment
juT7LQ26Jxc-00038-00010443-00010724 building located approximately 100
juT7LQ26Jxc-00039-00010725-00011081 meters southwest of shohada square the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00040-00011082-00011312 Commission received information on the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00041-00011313-00011606 death of at least 49 individuals and the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00042-00011607-00012041 wounding of up to 650 others while it
juT7LQ26Jxc-00043-00012042-00012251 was initially unclear which chemicals
juT7LQ26Jxc-00044-00012252-00012639 had been used in 2019 the OPCW FFM
juT7LQ26Jxc-00045-00012640-00012899 fact-finding mission report concluded
juT7LQ26Jxc-00046-00012900-00013157 regarding the alleged use of toxic
juT7LQ26Jxc-00047-00013158-00013352 chemicals as a weapon on the set
juT7LQ26Jxc-00048-00013353-00013672 7th of April 2018 in Duma the Syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00049-00013674-00013919 Arab Republic the evaluation and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00050-00013919-00014174 analysis of all the information gathered
juT7LQ26Jxc-00051-00014175-00014521 by the FFM witnesses testimonies
juT7LQ26Jxc-00052-00014522-00014788 environmental and biomechanical samples
juT7LQ26Jxc-00053-00014790-00015068 analysis results toxicological and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00054-00015069-00015272 ballistic analyses from experts
juT7LQ26Jxc-00055-00015272-00015521 additional digital information from
juT7LQ26Jxc-00056-00015522-00015827 witnesses provide reasonable grounds
juT7LQ26Jxc-00057-00015828-00016037 that the use of a toxic chemical as a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00058-00016038-00016394 weapon took place this toxic chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00059-00016395-00016703 contained reactive chlorine the toxic
juT7LQ26Jxc-00060-00016704-00016960 chemical was likely molecular chlorine
juT7LQ26Jxc-00061-00016961-00017336 the OPCW said it found no evidence to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00062-00017337-00017513 support the government's claim that a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00063-00017514-00017765 local facility was being used by rebel
juT7LQ26Jxc-00064-00017766-00018475 fighters to produce chemical weapons
juT7LQ26Jxc-00065-00018476-00019121 topic background the Syrian Arab
juT7LQ26Jxc-00066-00019122-00019349 Republic's forces have used chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00067-00019350-00019505 weapons many times before
juT7LQ26Jxc-00068-00019506-00019709 according to organization for the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00069-00019710-00020033 prohibition of chemical weapons OPCW and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00070-00020034-00020387 United Nations investigations Human
juT7LQ26Jxc-00071-00020388-00020660 Rights Watch has documented 85 chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00072-00020661-00020888 weapons attacks in Syria since 2013
juT7LQ26Jxc-00073-00020889-00021236 people reported incidents of chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00074-00021237-00021446 weapons use specifically in duma in
juT7LQ26Jxc-00075-00021447-00021605 January 2018
juT7LQ26Jxc-00076-00021606-00021860 Russia vetoed a potential United Nations
juT7LQ26Jxc-00077-00021861-00022151 mission to investigate the Arms Control
juT7LQ26Jxc-00078-00022152-00022451 Association reported to smaller chlorine
juT7LQ26Jxc-00079-00022452-00022691 gas attacks in Duma on the 7th of March
juT7LQ26Jxc-00080-00022692-00022916 and the 11th of March Duma had been
juT7LQ26Jxc-00081-00022917-00023144 under rebel control since the 18th of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00082-00023145-00023399 October 2012 and with the rest of the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00083-00023400-00023621 Eastern goota region under siege since
juT7LQ26Jxc-00084-00023622-00023984 April 2013 the rif dimashq offensive
juT7LQ26Jxc-00085-00023985-00024266 February to April 2018 codenamed
juT7LQ26Jxc-00086-00024267-00024509 Operation Damascus steel a military
juT7LQ26Jxc-00087-00024510-00024716 offensive launched by the Syrian Arab
juT7LQ26Jxc-00088-00024717-00024824 army SAA
juT7LQ26Jxc-00089-00024825-00025055 and its allies on the 18th of February
juT7LQ26Jxc-00090-00025056-00025333 2018 to capture the rebel-held territory
juT7LQ26Jxc-00091-00025334-00025609 the Jaysh al-islam rebel coalition
juT7LQ26Jxc-00092-00025610-00025945 controlled duma by mid-march rebel
juT7LQ26Jxc-00093-00025947-00026170 territory in eastern gouda had reduced
juT7LQ26Jxc-00094-00026172-00026377 to three pockets one in the south around
juT7LQ26Jxc-00095-00026379-00026642 hammer ER held by fail AK al rahman a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00096-00026643-00026870 second in the west around her astor held
juT7LQ26Jxc-00097-00026870-00027145 by Ahrar al-sham as well as duma in the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00098-00027147-00027464 north held by Jaysh al-islam in the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00099-00027464-00027670 second half of march the other two
juT7LQ26Jxc-00100-00027672-00027902 pockets were secured via evacuation
juT7LQ26Jxc-00101-00027902-00028120 deals between the rebels Syria and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00102-00028122-00028508 Russia on the 31st of March the last of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00103-00028508-00028712 the evacuations was conducted in the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00104-00028713-00028958 Syrian army declared victory in eastern
juT7LQ26Jxc-00105-00028958-00029144 gouta while the rebels that were still
juT7LQ26Jxc-00106-00029145-00029320 holding out in duma were given an
juT7LQ26Jxc-00107-00029322-00029527 ultimatum to surrender by the end of the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00108-00029529-00030052 day
juT7LQ26Jxc-00109-00030052-00030577 topic reports
juT7LQ26Jxc-00110-00030577-00030841 a chemical attack in Douma occurred on
juT7LQ26Jxc-00111-00030842-00031204 the 7th of April 2018 the union of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00112-00031205-00031470 medical care and relief organizations a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00113-00031470-00031687 humanitarian organization that
juT7LQ26Jxc-00114-00031688-00031900 supervises medical services in the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00115-00031901-00032119 region attributed 70 deaths to the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00116-00032120-00032195 attack
juT7LQ26Jxc-00117-00032197-00032455 on-site medics reported smelling a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00118-00032456-00032692 chlorine like odor but that symptoms and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00119-00032693-00032872 death toll pointed to something more
juT7LQ26Jxc-00120-00032873-00033109 noxious such as sarin nerve agent caused
juT7LQ26Jxc-00121-00033110-00033388 the deaths a video from the scene showed
juT7LQ26Jxc-00122-00033389-00033685 dead men women and children with foam at
juT7LQ26Jxc-00123-00033686-00034042 their mouths the Syrian American Medical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00124-00034043-00034108 Society
juT7LQ26Jxc-00125-00034109-00034384 samms reported over 500 injured people
juT7LQ26Jxc-00126-00034385-00034669 at duma were brought to local medical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00127-00034670-00034879 centers with symptoms indicative of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00128-00034880-00035299 exposure to a chemical agent Sam's also
juT7LQ26Jxc-00129-00035300-00035497 said a chlorine bomb struck a duma
juT7LQ26Jxc-00130-00035498-00035701 Hospital killing six people and that
juT7LQ26Jxc-00131-00035702-00035958 another attack with mixed agents
juT7LQ26Jxc-00132-00035959-00036265 affected a building nearby according to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00133-00036266-00036493 the Syrian opposition groups witnesses
juT7LQ26Jxc-00134-00036494-00036715 also reported a strong smell of chlorine
juT7LQ26Jxc-00135-00036716-00036925 and said effects appeared stronger than
juT7LQ26Jxc-00136-00036926-00037231 in previous similar attacks syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00137-00037232-00037492 opposition activists also posted videos
juT7LQ26Jxc-00138-00037493-00037711 of yellow compressed gas cylinders that
juT7LQ26Jxc-00139-00037712-00037908 they said were used during the attack
juT7LQ26Jxc-00140-00037909-00038182 based on the symptoms and the speed with
juT7LQ26Jxc-00141-00038183-00038395 which the victims were affected medical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00142-00038396-00038608 workers and experts suggested either a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00143-00038609-00038833 combination of chlorine with another gas
juT7LQ26Jxc-00144-00038834-00039136 or a nerve agent was used several
juT7LQ26Jxc-00145-00039137-00039417 medical monitoring and activist groups
juT7LQ26Jxc-00146-00039418-00039736 including the white helmet reported that
juT7LQ26Jxc-00147-00039737-00039985 to Syrian Air Force me eight helicopters
juT7LQ26Jxc-00148-00039986-00040162 dropped barrel bombs on the city of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00149-00040163-00040423 Douma the bombs caused severe
juT7LQ26Jxc-00150-00040424-00040612 convulsions in some residents and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00151-00040613-00041178 suffocated others
juT7LQ26Jxc-00152-00041179-00041830 topic aftermath the day after the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00153-00041831-00042058 chemical attack all rebels controlling
juT7LQ26Jxc-00154-00042059-00042232 duma agreed to a deal with the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00155-00042233-00042448 government to surrender the area in the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00156-00042449-00042733 early hours of the 9th of april 2018 and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00157-00042734-00042937 hair strike was conducted against tires
juT7LQ26Jxc-00158-00042938-00043372 military air base two Israeli f15 jets
juT7LQ26Jxc-00159-00043373-00043570 reportedly attacked the airfield from
juT7LQ26Jxc-00160-00043571-00043816 Lebanese airspace firing eight missiles
juT7LQ26Jxc-00161-00043817-00044062 of which five were intercepted according
juT7LQ26Jxc-00162-00044063-00044359 to claims by Russia according to the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00163-00044360-00044542 Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
juT7LQ26Jxc-00164-00044543-00044818 monitor at least 14 people were killed
juT7LQ26Jxc-00165-00044819-00045112 and more were wounded al Mazda News
juT7LQ26Jxc-00166-00045113-00045349 reported seven Iranian soldiers among
juT7LQ26Jxc-00167-00045350-00045562 the dead on the 10th of April Member
juT7LQ26Jxc-00168-00045563-00045814 States proposed competing UN Security
juT7LQ26Jxc-00169-00045815-00046006 Council resolutions to handle the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00170-00046007-00046306 response to the chemical attack the US
juT7LQ26Jxc-00171-00046307-00046609 France and UK vetoed a Russian proposed
juT7LQ26Jxc-00172-00046610-00046990 UN resolution Russia had also vetoed the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00173-00046991-00047236 US as proposed resolution to create a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00174-00047237-00047530 new investigative mechanism to look into
juT7LQ26Jxc-00175-00047531-00047764 chemical weapons attacks in Syria and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00176-00047765-00048163 determine who is responsible on the 14th
juT7LQ26Jxc-00177-00048164-00048415 of April France the United Kingdom and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00178-00048416-00048583 the United States launched airstrikes
juT7LQ26Jxc-00179-00048584-00048829 against four Syrian government targets
juT7LQ26Jxc-00180-00048830-00049132 in response to the attack the airstrikes
juT7LQ26Jxc-00181-00049133-00049336 were claimed to successfully destroy the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00182-00049337-00049605 chemical weapons capabilities of Syria
juT7LQ26Jxc-00183-00049606-00049903 nevertheless according to Pentagon the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00184-00049904-00050128 Syrian Arab Republic still retains the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00185-00050129-00050323 ability to launch chemical weapons
juT7LQ26Jxc-00186-00050324-00050843 attacks
juT7LQ26Jxc-00187-00050844-00051561 topic media commentary CBS journalist
juT7LQ26Jxc-00188-00051562-00051798 Seth Doane also traveled to duma on the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00189-00051799-00052004 16th of april where a neighbor reported
juT7LQ26Jxc-00190-00052005-00052236 a choking gas that smelled like chlorine
juT7LQ26Jxc-00191-00052237-00052548 a man took him to the alleged site of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00192-00052549-00052742 the impact and showed where the remains
juT7LQ26Jxc-00193-00052744-00053052 of a missile rested Eliot Higgins a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00194-00053053-00053219 citizen journalist and blogger
juT7LQ26Jxc-00195-00053220-00053421 investigating the Syrian civil war
juT7LQ26Jxc-00196-00053422-00053700 concluded based on geographical video
juT7LQ26Jxc-00197-00053701-00053907 and open source evidence that the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00198-00053908-00054092 chlorine gas was dropped by one of two
juT7LQ26Jxc-00199-00054094-00054327 me eight helicopters taking off from de
juT7LQ26Jxc-00200-00054328-00054578 Meyer airbase 30 minutes earlier
juT7LQ26Jxc-00201-00054579-00054894 military officials in the US UK and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00202-00054895-00055101 France all insisted the bomb had been
juT7LQ26Jxc-00203-00055102-00055280 dropped from one of two Syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00204-00055282-00055485 government helicopters flying from the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00205-00055486-00055679 air base at de Meyer the Guardian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00206-00055680-00055899 reported testimony from witnesses that
juT7LQ26Jxc-00207-00055900-00056192 medical personnel in Duma faced extreme
juT7LQ26Jxc-00208-00056194-00056516 intimidation from Syrian officials for
juT7LQ26Jxc-00209-00056517-00056694 them to remain silent about their
juT7LQ26Jxc-00210-00056695-00056940 patients treatment they and their
juT7LQ26Jxc-00211-00056941-00057144 families were allegedly being threatened
juT7LQ26Jxc-00212-00057145-00057426 by the Syrian government medics who
juT7LQ26Jxc-00213-00057427-00057621 tried to leave the area were said to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00214-00057622-00057816 have been heavily searched in case they
juT7LQ26Jxc-00215-00057816-00058122 were transporting samples the Guardian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00216-00058123-00058428 described Russian state media as pushing
juT7LQ26Jxc-00217-00058429-00058695 two lines that they have spoken to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00218-00058696-00058892 witnesses denying the occurrence of any
juT7LQ26Jxc-00219-00058894-00059052 attacks and that they have found
juT7LQ26Jxc-00220-00059053-00059334 chlorine filled canisters in duma used
juT7LQ26Jxc-00221-00059335-00059574 for rebel attacks later blamed on the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00222-00059575-00059904 regime after six months of examining the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00223-00059904-00060102 evidence interviewing witnesses and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00224-00060103-00060333 consulting with experts such as Higgins
juT7LQ26Jxc-00225-00060334-00060558 and Theodore Postol of the Massachusetts
juT7LQ26Jxc-00226-00060559-00060720 Institute of Technology
juT7LQ26Jxc-00227-00060721-00060941 James harken concluded in the intercept
juT7LQ26Jxc-00228-00060942-00061137 that Syrian Air Force helicopters
juT7LQ26Jxc-00229-00061138-00061344 dropped two chlorine canister bombs on
juT7LQ26Jxc-00230-00061345-00061766 duma on April 7 2018 harken noted that
juT7LQ26Jxc-00231-00061767-00062007 many chlorine attacks launched by Syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00232-00062008-00062232 forces in the past had resulted in no
juT7LQ26Jxc-00233-00062233-00062520 casualties hypothesizing that in
juT7LQ26Jxc-00234-00062521-00062757 contrast to the much more lethal sarin
juT7LQ26Jxc-00235-00062758-00063029 gas Syrian forces likely employed
juT7LQ26Jxc-00236-00063030-00063279 chlorine at duma to induce panic among
juT7LQ26Jxc-00237-00063279-00063483 the population rather than to kill many
juT7LQ26Jxc-00238-00063484-00063753 people one of the canisters never
juT7LQ26Jxc-00239-00063754-00063954 released its payload and caused no
juT7LQ26Jxc-00240-00063954-00064136 deaths but the other canisters
juT7LQ26Jxc-00241-00064137-00064252 [__] the weak roof of an apartment
juT7LQ26Jxc-00242-00064253-00064556 complex at an unexpected angle releasing
juT7LQ26Jxc-00243-00064557-00064775 a very high concentration of chlorine
juT7LQ26Jxc-00244-00064776-00064946 that killed the people beneath it in a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00245-00064947-00065077 matter of minutes
juT7LQ26Jxc-00246-00065078-00065321 according to Harkin the frightened
juT7LQ26Jxc-00247-00065322-00065507 residents seemed flocking to a nearby
juT7LQ26Jxc-00248-00065508-00065753 hospital and being doused with water in
juT7LQ26Jxc-00249-00065754-00065963 viral footage were not survivors of the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00250-00065964-00066137 chemical attack but victims of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00251-00066138-00066302 conventional weapons and smoke
juT7LQ26Jxc-00252-00066303-00066521 inhalation a report released by the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00253-00066522-00066848 global Public Policy Institute G PPI a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00254-00066849-00067088 berlin-based think-tank determined that
juT7LQ26Jxc-00255-00067089-00067292 chlorine attacks accounted for ninety
juT7LQ26Jxc-00256-00067293-00067521 one point five percent of all confirmed
juT7LQ26Jxc-00257-00067522-00067751 chemical weapons attacks attributable to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00258-00067752-00067943 the Syrian government throughout the war
juT7LQ26Jxc-00259-00067944-00068231 including the 7th of April 2018 attack
juT7LQ26Jxc-00260-00068232-00068543 on duma the report supported by the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00261-00068544-00068759 federal Foreign Office of Germany and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00262-00068760-00068999 the Robert Bosch Foundation held Syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00263-00069000-00069260 government responsible for 98 percent of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00264-00069261-00069467 all recorded chemical weapons attacks
juT7LQ26Jxc-00265-00069468-00069653 over the course of the Syrian civil war
juT7LQ26Jxc-00266-00069654-00069857 and believes its use of chemical weapons
juT7LQ26Jxc-00267-00069858-00070148 is best understood as part of its
juT7LQ26Jxc-00268-00070149-00070385 overall war strategy of collective
juT7LQ26Jxc-00269-00070386-00070584 punishment of populations in
juT7LQ26Jxc-00270-00070585-00070969 opposition-held areas commenting on the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00271-00070970-00071366 OPCW FFM report of 2019 Belling Katt
juT7LQ26Jxc-00272-00071367-00071518 remarked that the detail provided
juT7LQ26Jxc-00273-00071519-00071741 continues to make it clear that the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00274-00071742-00071939 Doomer attack was yet another chlorine
juT7LQ26Jxc-00275-00071940-00072188 attack delivered by helicopter using the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00276-00072189-00072425 same type of modified gas cylinders as
juT7LQ26Jxc-00277-00072426-00073096 seen in previous chlorine attacks
juT7LQ26Jxc-00278-00073097-00073784 topic OPCW investigation
juT7LQ26Jxc-00279-00073785-00074018 on the 10th of April the Syrian and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00280-00074019-00074177 Russian government's invited the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00281-00074178-00074381 organization for the prohibition of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00282-00074382-00074558 chemical weapons to send a team to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00283-00074559-00074813 investigate the attacks the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00284-00074814-00075068 investigators arrived in duma on April
juT7LQ26Jxc-00285-00075069-00075326 14th however their access to the site
juT7LQ26Jxc-00286-00075327-00075533 was blocked by Russia and Syria who
juT7LQ26Jxc-00287-00075534-00075824 cited security concerns on the 17th of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00288-00075825-00076139 April the OPCW was promised access to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00289-00076140-00076337 the site but had not entered duma and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00290-00076338-00076514 was unable to carry out the inspection
juT7LQ26Jxc-00291-00076515-00076724 because a large crowd gathered at one
juT7LQ26Jxc-00292-00076725-00076937 site while their reconnaissance teams
juT7LQ26Jxc-00293-00076938-00077123 came under fire during a reconnaissance
juT7LQ26Jxc-00294-00077124-00077342 to visit the other side of the purported
juT7LQ26Jxc-00295-00077343-00077654 chemical weapons attack according to the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00296-00077655-00077996 OPCW Director on arrival at site 1 a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00297-00077997-00078185 large crowd gathered and the advice
juT7LQ26Jxc-00298-00078186-00078437 provided by the UN DSS was that the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00299-00078438-00078638 reconnaissance team should withdraw and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00300-00078639-00078932 at site 2 the team came under small arms
juT7LQ26Jxc-00301-00078933-00079253 fire and an explosive was detonated the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00302-00079254-00079492 reconnaissance team returned to Damascus
juT7LQ26Jxc-00303-00079493-00079868 however the OPCW statement did not lay
juT7LQ26Jxc-00304-00079869-00080171 blame on any party for the incident the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00305-00080172-00080375 United States believes the Syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00306-00080376-00080663 government is stalling the OPCW to give
juT7LQ26Jxc-00307-00080664-00080891 itself time to remove evidence on the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00308-00080892-00081215 19th of April OPCW still was unable to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00309-00081216-00081578 access the sites according to a US State
juT7LQ26Jxc-00310-00081579-00081770 Department spokeswoman there was
juT7LQ26Jxc-00311-00081771-00082142 credible information that Russian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00312-00082143-00082343 officials are working with the Syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00313-00082344-00082559 regime to deny and to delay these
juT7LQ26Jxc-00314-00082560-00082820 inspectors from gaining access to duma
juT7LQ26Jxc-00315-00082821-00083246 and to sanitize the locations of the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00316-00083247-00083423 suspected attacks and remove
juT7LQ26Jxc-00317-00083424-00083612 incriminating evidence of chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00318-00083613-00084104 weapons use OPCW inspectors visited the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00319-00084105-00084368 site and collected samples on April 21st
juT7LQ26Jxc-00320-00084369-00084740 and April 25th the organization said
juT7LQ26Jxc-00321-00084741-00084899 that it would submit to its member
juT7LQ26Jxc-00322-00084900-00085181 states a report based on analysis of the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00323-00085182-00085463 sample results as well other information
juT7LQ26Jxc-00324-00085464-00085829 and materials collected by the team at
juT7LQ26Jxc-00325-00085830-00086069 the warehouse and the facility suspected
juT7LQ26Jxc-00326-00086070-00086264 by the authorities of the Syrian Arab
juT7LQ26Jxc-00327-00086265-00086498 Republic of producing chemical weapons
juT7LQ26Jxc-00328-00086499-00086720 in duma information was gathered to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00329-00086721-00086897 assess whether these facilities were
juT7LQ26Jxc-00330-00086898-00087077 associated with the production of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00331-00087078-00087149 chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00332-00087150-00087344 weapons or toxic chemicals that could be
juT7LQ26Jxc-00333-00087345-00087629 used as weapons from the information
juT7LQ26Jxc-00334-00087630-00087854 gathered during the two on-site visits
juT7LQ26Jxc-00335-00087855-00088043 to these locations there was no
juT7LQ26Jxc-00336-00088044-00088247 indication of either facility being
juT7LQ26Jxc-00337-00088248-00088424 involved in the production of chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00338-00088425-00088688 warfare agents or toxic chemicals for
juT7LQ26Jxc-00339-00088689-00088976 use as weapons during the visit to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00340-00088977-00089273 location two-cylinder on the roof syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00341-00089274-00089489 arab republic representatives did not
juT7LQ26Jxc-00342-00089490-00089750 provide the access requested by the FFM
juT7LQ26Jxc-00343-00089751-00089930 team to some apartments within the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00344-00089931-00090142 building which were closed at the time
juT7LQ26Jxc-00345-00090143-00090464 the syrian arab republic representatives
juT7LQ26Jxc-00346-00090465-00090620 stated that they did not have the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00347-00090621-00090833 authority to force entry into the locked
juT7LQ26Jxc-00348-00090834-00091130 apartments on the 6th of July 2018 the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00349-00091131-00091426 fact-finding mission FFM of the OPCW
juT7LQ26Jxc-00350-00091427-00091739 published their interim report the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00351-00091740-00092051 report stated that the results show that
juT7LQ26Jxc-00352-00092052-00092303 no organophosphorus nerve agents or
juT7LQ26Jxc-00353-00092304-00092513 their degradation products were detected
juT7LQ26Jxc-00354-00092514-00092723 in the environmental samples or in the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00355-00092724-00092918 plasma samples taken from alleged
juT7LQ26Jxc-00356-00092919-00093281 casualties along with explosive residues
juT7LQ26Jxc-00357-00093282-00093548 various chlorinated organic chemicals
juT7LQ26Jxc-00358-00093549-00093788 were found in samples from two sites for
juT7LQ26Jxc-00359-00093789-00094111 which there is full chain of custody in
juT7LQ26Jxc-00360-00094112-00094559 2019 the OPCW FFM fact-finding mission
juT7LQ26Jxc-00361-00094560-00094799 report concluded regarding the alleged
juT7LQ26Jxc-00362-00094800-00095030 use of toxic chemicals as a weapon on
juT7LQ26Jxc-00363-00095031-00095351 the 7th of April 2018 in duma the syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00364-00095352-00095564 arab republic the evaluation and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00365-00095565-00095792 analysis of all the information gathered
juT7LQ26Jxc-00366-00095793-00096085 by the FFM witnesses testimonies
juT7LQ26Jxc-00367-00096086-00096335 environmental and biomechanical samples
juT7LQ26Jxc-00368-00096336-00096587 analysis results toxicological and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00369-00096588-00096779 ballistic analyses from experts
juT7LQ26Jxc-00370-00096780-00097004 additional digital information from
juT7LQ26Jxc-00371-00097005-00097274 witnesses provide reasonable grounds
juT7LQ26Jxc-00372-00097275-00097460 that the use of a toxic chemical as a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00373-00097461-00097778 weapon took place this toxic chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00374-00097779-00098057 contained reactive chlorine the toxic
juT7LQ26Jxc-00375-00098058-00098261 chemical was likely molecular chlorine
juT7LQ26Jxc-00376-00098262-00098632 the OPCW said it found no evidence to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00377-00098633-00098807 support the government's claim that a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00378-00098808-00099062 local facility was being used by rebel
juT7LQ26Jxc-00379-00099063-00099287 fighters to produce chemical weapons and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00380-00099288-00099473 did not state who was to blame for the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00381-00099474-00100008 attack
juT7LQ26Jxc-00382-00100009-00100861 topic reactions
juT7LQ26Jxc-00383-00100862-00101362 topic government
juT7LQ26Jxc-00384-00101363-00101607 France on the 12th of April French
juT7LQ26Jxc-00385-00101608-00101830 president Emmanuel macron said he has
juT7LQ26Jxc-00386-00101831-00101947 proof that the Syrian government
juT7LQ26Jxc-00387-00101948-00102199 attacked the town of Duma with chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00388-00102200-00102490 weapons and at least used chlorine the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00389-00102491-00102796 BBC quotes US officials as saying urine
juT7LQ26Jxc-00390-00102797-00103005 and blood samples taken from victims
juT7LQ26Jxc-00391-00103006-00103209 have tested positively for traces of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00392-00103210-00103554 chlorine Iran the Foreign Ministry of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00393-00103555-00103815 Iran spokesman said while the Syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00394-00103816-00104016 army has the upper hand in the war
juT7LQ26Jxc-00395-00104017-00104253 against armed terrorists it is not
juT7LQ26Jxc-00396-00104254-00104550 logical for them to use chemical weapons
juT7LQ26Jxc-00397-00104551-00104859 such claims and accusations about
juT7LQ26Jxc-00398-00104860-00105114 chemical weapons used by the Americans
juT7LQ26Jxc-00399-00105115-00105354 and some Western countries signal a new
juT7LQ26Jxc-00400-00105355-00105561 plot against the government and nation
juT7LQ26Jxc-00401-00105563-00105799 of Syria and is an excuse for military
juT7LQ26Jxc-00402-00105800-00106179 action against them on the 10th of April
juT7LQ26Jxc-00403-00106180-00106438 US President Donald Trump UK prime
juT7LQ26Jxc-00404-00106439-00106633 minister Theresa May and French
juT7LQ26Jxc-00405-00106633-00106843 President Emmanuel macron said in a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00406-00106844-00107032 statement following joint telephone
juT7LQ26Jxc-00407-00107033-00107257 calls that they had agreed that the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00408-00107258-00107464 international community needed to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00409-00107465-00107652 respond to uphold the worldwide
juT7LQ26Jxc-00410-00107653-00107881 prohibition on the use of chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00411-00107882-00108319 weapons qatar the qatar Foreign Ministry
juT7LQ26Jxc-00412-00108320-00108510 condemned the use of chemical weapons
juT7LQ26Jxc-00413-00108511-00108741 and called for an investigation into the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00414-00108742-00108907 incident and for punishment of those
juT7LQ26Jxc-00415-00108908-00109252 involved Russia on the 13th of March
juT7LQ26Jxc-00416-00109253-00109513 2018 the chief of the General Staff of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00417-00109514-00109704 the Russian Armed Forces Valery
juT7LQ26Jxc-00418-00109705-00109971 Gerasimov said the Russian military had
juT7LQ26Jxc-00419-00109972-00110323 reliable intelligence that suggested the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00420-00110324-00110502 rebels holding Eastern Goethe
juT7LQ26Jxc-00421-00110503-00110695 along with the white helmets activists
juT7LQ26Jxc-00422-00110696-00110893 were preparing to stage in film a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00423-00110894-00111058 chemical weapons attack against
juT7LQ26Jxc-00424-00111058-00111268 civilians which the US government would
juT7LQ26Jxc-00425-00111269-00111477 blame on the Syrian forces and use as a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00426-00111478-00111673 pretext to bomb the government quarter
juT7LQ26Jxc-00427-00111674-00111973 in Damascus in the event that the lives
juT7LQ26Jxc-00428-00111974-00112144 of Russian servicemen should be
juT7LQ26Jxc-00429-00112145-00112302 threatened by US strikes
juT7LQ26Jxc-00430-00112303-00112515 Gerizim of said Russia would respond
juT7LQ26Jxc-00431-00112516-00112849 militarily against both the missiles and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00432-00112850-00113008 the platforms from which they're
juT7LQ26Jxc-00433-00113008-00113314 launched the Russian Foreign Ministry on
juT7LQ26Jxc-00434-00113315-00113548 the 8th of April denied chemical weapons
juT7LQ26Jxc-00435-00113549-00113872 had been used a few days later the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00436-00113873-00114060 Russian military said members of the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00437-00114061-00114285 white helmets organization filmed a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00438-00114286-00114633 staged attack then on the 13th of April
juT7LQ26Jxc-00439-00114634-00114733 the Russian men
juT7LQ26Jxc-00440-00114733-00114928 Tree of Defense said that it was Britain
juT7LQ26Jxc-00441-00114929-00115099 that staged the attack in order to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00442-00115100-00115369 provoke US airstrikes on the 26th of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00443-00115370-00115579 April Russian officials held a press
juT7LQ26Jxc-00444-00115580-00115738 conference in The Hague where they
juT7LQ26Jxc-00445-00115739-00115942 presented several apparent witnesses
juT7LQ26Jxc-00446-00115943-00116146 from the duma incident flown in from
juT7LQ26Jxc-00447-00116147-00116389 syria who said that reported victims had
juT7LQ26Jxc-00448-00116390-00116572 not suffered symptoms of a chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00449-00116573-00116877 attack the Russian envoy to the OPCW
juT7LQ26Jxc-00450-00116878-00117133 said that videos of the attack were
juT7LQ26Jxc-00451-00117133-00117355 little more than a sloppily staged video
juT7LQ26Jxc-00452-00117356-00117558 showing the pretense for a strike is
juT7LQ26Jxc-00453-00117559-00117913 completely groundless Saudi Arabia the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00454-00117914-00118123 Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned
juT7LQ26Jxc-00455-00118124-00118345 the use of chemical weapons and stressed
juT7LQ26Jxc-00456-00118346-00118555 the need for a peaceful solution based
juT7LQ26Jxc-00457-00118556-00118681 on the principles of the Geneva
juT7LQ26Jxc-00458-00118682-00118966 declaration and UN Security Council
juT7LQ26Jxc-00459-00118967-00119329 resolutions Syria the Syrian state-owned
juT7LQ26Jxc-00460-00119330-00119578 Syrian Arab news agency reported a
juT7LQ26Jxc-00461-00119579-00119731 foreign ministry source called
juT7LQ26Jxc-00462-00119732-00119968 allegations of Syria's use of chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00463-00119969-00120219 weapons and unconvincing stereotyped
juT7LQ26Jxc-00464-00120220-00120496 Turkey a spokesman for President Recep
juT7LQ26Jxc-00465-00120497-00120814 Tayyip Erdogan said the Syrian regime
juT7LQ26Jxc-00466-00120815-00121021 must give account for the attacks in
juT7LQ26Jxc-00467-00121022-00121231 various regions of the country at
juT7LQ26Jxc-00468-00121232-00121444 different times and called upon the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00469-00121445-00121683 international community to address war
juT7LQ26Jxc-00470-00121684-00121985 crimes and crimes against humanity
juT7LQ26Jxc-00471-00121986-00122326 United Kingdom Foreign Secretary Boris
juT7LQ26Jxc-00472-00122327-00122647 Johnson said that these latest reports
juT7LQ26Jxc-00473-00122648-00122857 must urgently be investigated and the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00474-00122858-00123094 international community must respond and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00475-00123095-00123448 that investigators from the organization
juT7LQ26Jxc-00476-00123449-00123613 for the prohibition of chemical weapons
juT7LQ26Jxc-00477-00123614-00123838 are looking into reports of chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00478-00123839-00124072 weapons use in Syria have our full
juT7LQ26Jxc-00479-00124073-00124383 support Russia must not yet again try to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00480-00124384-00124669 obstruct these investigations he also
juT7LQ26Jxc-00481-00124670-00124900 condemned the use of chemical weapons in
juT7LQ26Jxc-00482-00124901-00125113 general adding that those responsible
juT7LQ26Jxc-00483-00125114-00125371 for the use of chemical weapons have
juT7LQ26Jxc-00484-00125372-00125614 lost all moral integrity and must be
juT7LQ26Jxc-00485-00125615-00126013 held to account United States President
juT7LQ26Jxc-00486-00126014-00126202 Donald Trump condemned the attack on
juT7LQ26Jxc-00487-00126203-00126427 Twitter heavily criticizing Russia over
juT7LQ26Jxc-00488-00126428-00126480 it
juT7LQ26Jxc-00489-00126481-00126724 Trump canceled his trip to the eighth
juT7LQ26Jxc-00490-00126725-00126943 summit of the Americas sending vice
juT7LQ26Jxc-00491-00126944-00127168 president Mike Pence in his place on the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00492-00127169-00127441 11th of April via Twitter President
juT7LQ26Jxc-00493-00127442-00127849 Trump told Russia to get ready for nice
juT7LQ26Jxc-00494-00127850-00128103 and new and smart missiles
juT7LQ26Jxc-00495-00128104-00128344 Vasili no been Xia Russia's ambassador
juT7LQ26Jxc-00496-00128345-00128637 to the United Nations said the United
juT7LQ26Jxc-00497-00128638-00129003 States would bear responsibility for any
juT7LQ26Jxc-00498-00129004-00129303 illegal military adventure they
juT7LQ26Jxc-00499-00129304-00129549 conducted the following day Trump
juT7LQ26Jxc-00500-00129550-00129765 appeared to soften his resolve tweeting
juT7LQ26Jxc-00501-00129766-00130029 he and ever said when an attack on Syria
juT7LQ26Jxc-00502-00130030-00130428 would take place could be very soon or
juT7LQ26Jxc-00503-00130429-00130747 not so soon at all US defense secretary
juT7LQ26Jxc-00504-00130748-00131008 James matter stated the US was still
juT7LQ26Jxc-00505-00131008-00131334 waiting on the OPCW investigation but
juT7LQ26Jxc-00506-00131335-00131541 that there were a lot of media and
juT7LQ26Jxc-00507-00131542-00131782 social media indicators that either
juT7LQ26Jxc-00508-00131783-00132213 chlorine or sarin was used in duma on
juT7LQ26Jxc-00509-00132214-00132477 the 14th of april France the United
juT7LQ26Jxc-00510-00132478-00132714 Kingdom and the United States launched
juT7LQ26Jxc-00511-00132715-00132888 airstrikes against four Syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00512-00132889-00133084 government targets in response to the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00513-00133085-00133593 attack
juT7LQ26Jxc-00514-00133594-00134110 topic inter-government
juT7LQ26Jxc-00515-00134111-00134416 European Union in a statement the EU
juT7LQ26Jxc-00516-00134417-00134677 said the evidence points towards yet
juT7LQ26Jxc-00517-00134678-00134911 another chemical attack by the regime
juT7LQ26Jxc-00518-00134912-00135293 and it is a matter of grave concern that
juT7LQ26Jxc-00519-00135294-00135521 chemical weapons continue to be used
juT7LQ26Jxc-00520-00135522-00135901 especially on civilians the European
juT7LQ26Jxc-00521-00135902-00136126 Union condemns in the strongest terms
juT7LQ26Jxc-00522-00136127-00136361 the use of chemical weapons and calls
juT7LQ26Jxc-00523-00136362-00136547 for an immediate response by the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00524-00136548-00136948 international community it also called
juT7LQ26Jxc-00525-00136949-00137195 for the United Nations Security Council
juT7LQ26Jxc-00526-00137196-00137416 to identify the perpetrators and for
juT7LQ26Jxc-00527-00137417-00137618 Russia and Iran to influence a sad
juT7LQ26Jxc-00528-00137619-00137941 against launching such attacks United
juT7LQ26Jxc-00529-00137942-00138233 Nations on the 10th of April 2018 the
juT7LQ26Jxc-00530-00138234-00138478 United Nations Security Council failed
juT7LQ26Jxc-00531-00138479-00138722 to adopt three competing resolutions on
juT7LQ26Jxc-00532-00138723-00138944 an inquiry into the chemical attack with
juT7LQ26Jxc-00533-00138945-00139153 Russia and the United States clashing
juT7LQ26Jxc-00534-00139154-00139373 over the issue and exchanging military
juT7LQ26Jxc-00535-00139374-00139598 threats the World Health Organization
juT7LQ26Jxc-00536-00139599-00139804 released a statement with a reference to
juT7LQ26Jxc-00537-00139805-00140081 outside medical sources that 43 people
juT7LQ26Jxc-00538-00140082-00140297 died while suffering symptoms consistent
juT7LQ26Jxc-00539-00140298-00141068 with exposure to highly toxic chemicals
juT7LQ26Jxc-00540-00141069-00141608 topic C also
juT7LQ26Jxc-00541-00141609-00141836 list of massacres during the Syrian
juT7LQ26Jxc-00542-00141837-00142172 civil war list of Syrian civil war
juT7LQ26Jxc-00543-00142173-00142499 barrel bomb attacks Syria chemical
juT7LQ26Jxc-00544-00142500-00143050 weapons program
juT7LQ26Jxc-00545-00143051-00143608 topic external links
juT7LQ26Jxc-00546-00143609-00143917 New York Times interactive the 24th of
juT7LQ26Jxc-00547-00143918-00144328 June 2018 Belling cat reports on open
juT7LQ26Jxc-00548-00144329-00144733 source information on the Doomer attack
jvEueoOkyj8-00000-00000984-00001278 to handle this we need to see that how
jvEueoOkyj8-00001-00001279-00001630 we can simulate this waveflow and then
jvEueoOkyj8-00002-00001632-00001863 how we can take protective measure
jvEueoOkyj8-00003-00001864-00002087 preventive measures so for all those
jvEueoOkyj8-00004-00002088-00002302 understanding weave is very important
jvEueoOkyj8-00005-00002303-00002534 and as us we started with what are the
jvEueoOkyj8-00006-00002535-00002710 different types of wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00007-00002711-00003031 how we can classify waves and then as i
jvEueoOkyj8-00008-00003032-00003231 am just saying that the
jvEueoOkyj8-00009-00003232-00003399 how do we propagate that is very
jvEueoOkyj8-00010-00003400-00003503 important
jvEueoOkyj8-00011-00003504-00003751 for our various requirement practical
jvEueoOkyj8-00012-00003752-00003870 requirement
jvEueoOkyj8-00013-00003871-00004135 that is why the speed of wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00014-00004136-00004519 propagation is also necessary and there
jvEueoOkyj8-00015-00004520-00004854 comes the term that we call as cellulity
jvEueoOkyj8-00016-00004855-00004943 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00017-00004944-00005238 what i mean by celerity is that it is
jvEueoOkyj8-00018-00005239-00005463 the speed of wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00019-00005464-00005895 with respect to the fluid media well
jvEueoOkyj8-00020-00005896-00006111 if we just simply say that celerity is
jvEueoOkyj8-00021-00006112-00006302 the speed of the wave then it is not
jvEueoOkyj8-00022-00006303-00006406 complete
jvEueoOkyj8-00023-00006408-00006687 because we need to say that it is in
jvEueoOkyj8-00024-00006688-00006846 reference to the
jvEueoOkyj8-00025-00006847-00007134 split media if the fluid media is it at
jvEueoOkyj8-00026-00007136-00007327 rest then of course the speed of the
jvEueoOkyj8-00027-00007328-00007519 wave absolute speed of the wave and
jvEueoOkyj8-00028-00007520-00007767 celebrity will be same but if the fluid
jvEueoOkyj8-00029-00007768-00007998 is also moving and then overlapped fluid
jvEueoOkyj8-00030-00008000-00008103 the
jvEueoOkyj8-00031-00008104-00008335 wave is moving then
jvEueoOkyj8-00032-00008336-00008607 celerity is the speed of the wave with
jvEueoOkyj8-00033-00008608-00008823 respect to the fluid media and for
jvEueoOkyj8-00034-00008824-00008951 analyzing
jvEueoOkyj8-00035-00008952-00009119 these wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00036-00009120-00009214 say
jvEueoOkyj8-00037-00009215-00009342 what is
jvEueoOkyj8-00038-00009343-00009567 the celerity to have an expression for
jvEueoOkyj8-00039-00009568-00009791 the cellulity
jvEueoOkyj8-00040-00009792-00010031 when we try to analyze it at unsteady
jvEueoOkyj8-00041-00010032-00010359 flow we face some complexities and
jvEueoOkyj8-00042-00010360-00010655 this unsteady flow therefore we try to
jvEueoOkyj8-00043-00010656-00011063 convert to an equivalent steady flow so
jvEueoOkyj8-00044-00011064-00011231 that it become convenient for our
jvEueoOkyj8-00045-00011232-00011606 analysis and last class we did so ah how
jvEueoOkyj8-00046-00011607-00011870 we can we could see how we can convert
jvEueoOkyj8-00047-00011871-00012031 this to a
jvEueoOkyj8-00048-00012032-00012263 equivalent unsteady flow and we are
jvEueoOkyj8-00049-00012264-00012519 starting from ah equivalent steady flow
jvEueoOkyj8-00050-00012520-00012759 and we are starting from that in this
jvEueoOkyj8-00051-00012760-00013071 class well say
jvEueoOkyj8-00052-00013072-00013311 this is a
jvEueoOkyj8-00053-00013312-00013447 wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00054-00013447-00013743 forming here a solitary wave single wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00055-00013744-00013966 and the bed is there
jvEueoOkyj8-00056-00013968-00014094 and by
jvEueoOkyj8-00057-00014095-00014183 say
jvEueoOkyj8-00058-00014184-00014430 and let us first consider that this is a
jvEueoOkyj8-00059-00014431-00014679 steel water maybe in a tank and by
jvEueoOkyj8-00060-00014680-00014951 moving a paddle we have created a wave a
jvEueoOkyj8-00061-00014952-00015166 single wave is moving like that and it
jvEueoOkyj8-00062-00015168-00015327 is moving with a speed
jvEueoOkyj8-00063-00015328-00015471 c well
jvEueoOkyj8-00064-00015472-00015638 and this is a unsteady
jvEueoOkyj8-00065-00015640-00016222 flow this is a unsteady flow
jvEueoOkyj8-00066-00016223-00016519 now to convert this to a steady flow
jvEueoOkyj8-00067-00016520-00016727 situation as i did explain in the last
jvEueoOkyj8-00068-00016728-00016839 class
jvEueoOkyj8-00069-00016840-00017127 that like a walker as the belt is moving
jvEueoOkyj8-00070-00017128-00017383 upstream or say when we walk the belt
jvEueoOkyj8-00071-00017384-00017591 may move in the opposite direction in a
jvEueoOkyj8-00072-00017592-00017879 walker and that's why although our uh
jvEueoOkyj8-00073-00017880-00018127 that we are walking on a walker but we
jvEueoOkyj8-00074-00018128-00018343 are not moving forward and then someone
jvEueoOkyj8-00075-00018344-00018607 can observe us that how we are behaving
jvEueoOkyj8-00076-00018608-00018767 when we are walking but we are in the
jvEueoOkyj8-00077-00018768-00018903 steady position we are in a static
jvEueoOkyj8-00078-00018904-00019111 position so that advantage we can have
jvEueoOkyj8-00079-00019112-00019319 here like the belt move in the opposite
jvEueoOkyj8-00080-00019320-00019535 direction in a worker we can put a
jvEueoOkyj8-00081-00019536-00019822 opposite direction the velocity c which
jvEueoOkyj8-00082-00019823-00020047 is the actual velocity of the wave then
jvEueoOkyj8-00083-00020048-00020222 what will happen that this is also
jvEueoOkyj8-00084-00020223-00020430 moving in a velocity c wave is also
jvEueoOkyj8-00085-00020431-00020678 moving in a velocity c in this
jvEueoOkyj8-00086-00020679-00020863 downstream direction
jvEueoOkyj8-00087-00020864-00021135 and as now this fluid media is moving in
jvEueoOkyj8-00088-00021136-00021383 the opposite direction with velocity c
jvEueoOkyj8-00089-00021384-00021591 and wave which was moving in the
jvEueoOkyj8-00090-00021592-00021767 downstream direction with a velocity c
jvEueoOkyj8-00091-00021768-00022007 so relative velocity of this will become
jvEueoOkyj8-00092-00022008-00022294 zero and then it will be remaining in
jvEueoOkyj8-00093-00022295-00022558 this position and now we can observe it
jvEueoOkyj8-00094-00022559-00022719 carefully well
jvEueoOkyj8-00095-00022720-00022999 now let us see how we can analyze it
jvEueoOkyj8-00096-00023000-00023078 see
jvEueoOkyj8-00097-00023079-00023247 this depth
jvEueoOkyj8-00098-00023248-00023319 p
jvEueoOkyj8-00099-00023320-00023639 at this section suppose at this section
jvEueoOkyj8-00100-00023640-00023758 left b
jvEueoOkyj8-00101-00023759-00023999 y
jvEueoOkyj8-00102-00024000-00024150 and
jvEueoOkyj8-00103-00024151-00024567 so amplitude of the wave is say a this
jvEueoOkyj8-00104-00024568-00024822 is the amplitude of the wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00105-00024823-00025078 and so what will be the depth here
jvEueoOkyj8-00106-00025079-00025294 depth in the wave portion where we have
jvEueoOkyj8-00107-00025295-00025455 the wave this will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00108-00025456-00025646 say y plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00109-00025647-00025814 a well
jvEueoOkyj8-00110-00025816-00026199 and when we talk about velocity then c
jvEueoOkyj8-00111-00026200-00026374 is the velocity
jvEueoOkyj8-00112-00026375-00026702 at this section say section one
jvEueoOkyj8-00113-00026704-00027014 and if i talk about the section 2
jvEueoOkyj8-00114-00027016-00027223 then what will be the velocity say
jvEueoOkyj8-00115-00027224-00027374 velocity is
jvEueoOkyj8-00116-00027375-00027446 v
jvEueoOkyj8-00117-00027447-00027727 because this velocity will not be equal
jvEueoOkyj8-00118-00027727-00028031 to the velocity c because depth here is
jvEueoOkyj8-00119-00028032-00028255 changing so let us write this velocity
jvEueoOkyj8-00120-00028256-00028527 as v well
jvEueoOkyj8-00121-00028527-00028831 now we can write a continuity equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00122-00028832-00029135 and from that continuity equation we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00123-00029136-00029399 find that how we can express this v and
jvEueoOkyj8-00124-00029400-00029687 see how we can relate this v and c well
jvEueoOkyj8-00125-00029688-00029879 how we can write the continuity equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00126-00029880-00030287 say if we consider this channel to be
jvEueoOkyj8-00127-00030288-00030479 say rectangular and suppose we are
jvEueoOkyj8-00128-00030480-00030870 considering unit width of the channel so
jvEueoOkyj8-00129-00030872-00031095 this is ok let me just write here this
jvEueoOkyj8-00130-00031095-00031214 is a
jvEueoOkyj8-00131-00031216-00031558 equivalent
jvEueoOkyj8-00132-00031560-00032127 steady state
jvEueoOkyj8-00133-00032127-00032367 and now let us see the continuity
jvEueoOkyj8-00134-00032368-00032607 equation how we can write say continuity
jvEueoOkyj8-00135-00032608-00033231 equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00136-00033232-00033367 between
jvEueoOkyj8-00137-00033368-00033543 sections here
jvEueoOkyj8-00138-00033544-00033631 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00139-00033632-00033702 and
jvEueoOkyj8-00140-00033703-00033935 2 between section 1 and 2 how we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00141-00033936-00034023 write
jvEueoOkyj8-00142-00034024-00034559 and that we are writing considering
jvEueoOkyj8-00143-00034560-00034846 unit width of the section unit width of
jvEueoOkyj8-00144-00034847-00035351 the section
jvEueoOkyj8-00145-00035352-00035446 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00146-00035447-00035599 we are considering unit weight of the
jvEueoOkyj8-00147-00035600-00035767 section then
jvEueoOkyj8-00148-00035768-00035918 what will be the discharge in continuity
jvEueoOkyj8-00149-00035919-00036167 equation state that here that is charge
jvEueoOkyj8-00150-00036168-00036383 and here the charge will be equals the
jvEueoOkyj8-00151-00036384-00036599 charge at section 1 and section 2 will
jvEueoOkyj8-00152-00036600-00036895 be equal fine
jvEueoOkyj8-00153-00036896-00037111 now discharge is equal to the velocity
jvEueoOkyj8-00154-00037112-00037471 at this point 1 section 1 and the area
jvEueoOkyj8-00155-00037472-00037823 area is equal to y into its width in
jvEueoOkyj8-00156-00037824-00038023 fact if we consider width then it will
jvEueoOkyj8-00157-00038024-00038174 be coming but we are considering width
jvEueoOkyj8-00158-00038175-00038559 to be equal to 1. so it will be c into y
jvEueoOkyj8-00159-00038560-00038943 so we what we can write that c into y
jvEueoOkyj8-00160-00038944-00039127 is equal to here we are talking the
jvEueoOkyj8-00161-00039128-00039502 velocity as v so v and depth here is
jvEueoOkyj8-00162-00039503-00039735 equal to y plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00163-00039736-00039807 a
jvEueoOkyj8-00164-00039808-00040062 y plus a
jvEueoOkyj8-00165-00040063-00040399 and from this what we can write that v
jvEueoOkyj8-00166-00040400-00040623 is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-00167-00040624-00040759 c
jvEueoOkyj8-00168-00040760-00041262 y divided by y plus a okay ah let us
jvEueoOkyj8-00169-00041263-00041630 keep this expression here and now we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00170-00041631-00041799 write another expression this is from
jvEueoOkyj8-00171-00041800-00041958 continuity equation we are getting this
jvEueoOkyj8-00172-00041959-00042135 relation that is b we can express in
jvEueoOkyj8-00173-00042136-00042239 this form
jvEueoOkyj8-00174-00042240-00042535 well but we can have another expression
jvEueoOkyj8-00175-00042536-00042807 uh from the consideration of
jvEueoOkyj8-00176-00042808-00043062 say energy equation now what will be the
jvEueoOkyj8-00177-00043063-00043399 energy at this point it will be y one
jvEueoOkyj8-00178-00043400-00043639 plus that means at section 1 it will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00179-00043640-00043871 y 1 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00180-00043872-00044174 sorry y we are writing y y plus c square
jvEueoOkyj8-00181-00044175-00044462 by twice z
jvEueoOkyj8-00182-00044463-00044574 and here
jvEueoOkyj8-00183-00044575-00044774 because velocity is c here and here it
jvEueoOkyj8-00184-00044775-00045190 will be y plus a plus v square by twice
jvEueoOkyj8-00185-00045191-00045535 c and let us write that expression well
jvEueoOkyj8-00186-00045536-00046327 and we can write that energy equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00187-00046328-00046655 energy equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00188-00046656-00046902 between
jvEueoOkyj8-00189-00046903-00047143 section
jvEueoOkyj8-00190-00047144-00047455 1 and 2. of course when we are writing
jvEueoOkyj8-00191-00047456-00047695 energy equation between section 1 and 2
jvEueoOkyj8-00192-00047696-00047974 and we are saying that energy at this
jvEueoOkyj8-00193-00047975-00048215 section at that section are equal what
jvEueoOkyj8-00194-00048216-00048390 we mean that there is no energy loss in
jvEueoOkyj8-00195-00048391-00048646 between that assumption is in here and
jvEueoOkyj8-00196-00048647-00048862 there well now let us write that
jvEueoOkyj8-00197-00048863-00049135 expression say y
jvEueoOkyj8-00198-00049136-00049246 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00199-00049247-00049599 c square by twice g that means v square
jvEueoOkyj8-00200-00049600-00049807 by twice v minus velocity square by
jvEueoOkyj8-00201-00049808-00050167 twice z this is equal to depth in the
jvEueoOkyj8-00202-00050168-00050446 section 2 is y plus a
jvEueoOkyj8-00203-00050447-00050551 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00204-00050552-00050815 say v square by twice okay let me write
jvEueoOkyj8-00205-00050816-00051095 one step v square by twice c now what
jvEueoOkyj8-00206-00051096-00051438 this v is we know that v is equal to c
jvEueoOkyj8-00207-00051439-00051638 then y
jvEueoOkyj8-00208-00051639-00051982 by y plus a so we can just replace it in
jvEueoOkyj8-00209-00051983-00052150 this form that is y
jvEueoOkyj8-00210-00052151-00052542 plus c square by twice z is equal to y
jvEueoOkyj8-00211-00052544-00052703 plus a
jvEueoOkyj8-00212-00052704-00053519 plus i can write that c squared
jvEueoOkyj8-00213-00053520-00053815 this in place of c square by y square by
jvEueoOkyj8-00214-00053816-00054126 y plus a whole square so so b square we
jvEueoOkyj8-00215-00054127-00054326 can write that v square by twice g will
jvEueoOkyj8-00216-00054327-00054607 be and v we can write c square into
jvEueoOkyj8-00217-00054608-00054742 y square
jvEueoOkyj8-00218-00054744-00055023 by y plus a
jvEueoOkyj8-00219-00055024-00055287 whole square
jvEueoOkyj8-00220-00055288-00055407 okay
jvEueoOkyj8-00221-00055408-00055663 ah well this is the expression and from
jvEueoOkyj8-00222-00055664-00055982 this let us try to write because our
jvEueoOkyj8-00223-00055983-00056087 interest
jvEueoOkyj8-00224-00056088-00056326 is to get an expression for c
jvEueoOkyj8-00225-00056327-00056679 and here what is not known and what we
jvEueoOkyj8-00226-00056679-00056966 want to try is the c and what is
jvEueoOkyj8-00227-00056967-00057311 our unknown thing is y a here the x
jvEueoOkyj8-00228-00057312-00057463 amplitude and
jvEueoOkyj8-00229-00057464-00057638 at the same time this expression we are
jvEueoOkyj8-00230-00057639-00057935 writing for a very for a wave where the
jvEueoOkyj8-00231-00057936-00058182 amplitude is very small i mean small
jvEueoOkyj8-00232-00058183-00058391 amplitude wave as we
jvEueoOkyj8-00233-00058391-00058599 just if we recall our last class then we
jvEueoOkyj8-00234-00058600-00058871 were talking about one expression that
jvEueoOkyj8-00235-00058872-00059119 c is equal to root over g y for
jvEueoOkyj8-00236-00059120-00059359 rectangular channel we obtained that and
jvEueoOkyj8-00237-00059360-00059638 that was for small amplitude wave so
jvEueoOkyj8-00238-00059639-00059823 here also we are considering that this
jvEueoOkyj8-00239-00059824-00060215 diff is uh considerably large than the
jvEueoOkyj8-00240-00060216-00060526 amplitude a well let us just separate
jvEueoOkyj8-00241-00060527-00060823 this term and see how we can write it
jvEueoOkyj8-00242-00060824-00060999 this y and y will of course get
jvEueoOkyj8-00243-00061000-00061254 cancelled and let me write first a in
jvEueoOkyj8-00244-00061255-00061542 terms a is equal to then c square by
jvEueoOkyj8-00245-00061544-00061766 twice this square by twice this here so
jvEueoOkyj8-00246-00061767-00062087 we can bring c square by twice z and
jvEueoOkyj8-00247-00062088-00062350 then we can write 1 minus
jvEueoOkyj8-00248-00062351-00062935 say y by y plus a whole square well
jvEueoOkyj8-00249-00062936-00063223 and this can be written as say let us
jvEueoOkyj8-00250-00063224-00063319 break up
jvEueoOkyj8-00251-00063320-00063591 y c square by twice z
jvEueoOkyj8-00252-00063591-00063879 our intention is to see that if
jvEueoOkyj8-00253-00063879-00064111 because in the expression of c in fact
jvEueoOkyj8-00254-00064112-00064319 we do not have
jvEueoOkyj8-00255-00064320-00064671 the a term root over say g y that was
jvEueoOkyj8-00256-00064672-00064863 that what that's what we got in the last
jvEueoOkyj8-00257-00064864-00065111 case so let us see by we are starting
jvEueoOkyj8-00258-00065112-00065279 from the first principle and we are
jvEueoOkyj8-00259-00065279-00065479 trying that yes if we can get this
jvEueoOkyj8-00260-00065479-00065687 expression and here we do not have a a
jvEueoOkyj8-00261-00065688-00066031 term so let us see how we can do that
jvEueoOkyj8-00262-00066032-00066294 and this we can write say
jvEueoOkyj8-00263-00066295-00066503 y plus a
jvEueoOkyj8-00264-00066504-00066638 whole square
jvEueoOkyj8-00265-00066639-00066919 and then this will be say we can break
jvEueoOkyj8-00266-00066920-00067279 up y square plus twice a plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00267-00067280-00067526 twice a y
jvEueoOkyj8-00268-00067527-00067750 y square plus twice
jvEueoOkyj8-00269-00067751-00067855 a y
jvEueoOkyj8-00270-00067856-00068191 plus a square then minus
jvEueoOkyj8-00271-00068192-00068350 y square well
jvEueoOkyj8-00272-00068351-00068694 here we are in a position to simplify
jvEueoOkyj8-00273-00068695-00068871 now well
jvEueoOkyj8-00274-00068872-00069023 so what we can do
jvEueoOkyj8-00275-00069024-00069206 that from here let us write one
jvEueoOkyj8-00276-00069207-00069350 expression for
jvEueoOkyj8-00277-00069351-00069431 c
jvEueoOkyj8-00278-00069432-00069815 so c is equal to we can write that c is
jvEueoOkyj8-00279-00069816-00070175 equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-00280-00070176-00070503 twice g a will be coming c square let me
jvEueoOkyj8-00281-00070504-00070823 write c square is equal to twice g a
jvEueoOkyj8-00282-00070824-00071079 and then this will be just we can write
jvEueoOkyj8-00283-00071080-00071294 in the reverse direction
jvEueoOkyj8-00284-00071295-00071647 reciprocal of this one
jvEueoOkyj8-00285-00071648-00072094 this will be say y square plus twice a y
jvEueoOkyj8-00286-00072095-00072182 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00287-00072183-00072487 a square this is there and here what
jvEueoOkyj8-00288-00072488-00072694 will be having this and this is getting
jvEueoOkyj8-00289-00072695-00072926 cancelled already and here we have twice
jvEueoOkyj8-00290-00072927-00073119 a y plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00291-00073120-00073526 a square so that twice a y plus a square
jvEueoOkyj8-00292-00073527-00073806 we can write here as a
jvEueoOkyj8-00293-00073807-00074047 keeping common and we are writing twice
jvEueoOkyj8-00294-00074048-00074215 y plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00295-00074216-00074406 a
jvEueoOkyj8-00296-00074407-00074679 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00297-00074680-00075126 now this a and this a we can cancel at
jvEueoOkyj8-00298-00075127-00075455 this point and let us see how we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00299-00075456-00075959 write this expression well
jvEueoOkyj8-00300-00075960-00076094 so you can write
jvEueoOkyj8-00301-00076095-00076247 c square
jvEueoOkyj8-00302-00076248-00076711 is equal to now root over twice g
jvEueoOkyj8-00303-00076712-00076959 twice z and entire things we can put
jvEueoOkyj8-00304-00076960-00077279 under root sign root over twice z and
jvEueoOkyj8-00305-00077280-00077526 then here it will become
jvEueoOkyj8-00306-00077527-00077735 say y square
jvEueoOkyj8-00307-00077736-00077831 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00308-00077832-00078175 twice a
jvEueoOkyj8-00309-00078176-00078319 then
jvEueoOkyj8-00310-00078320-00078431 twice
jvEueoOkyj8-00311-00078432-00078511 y
jvEueoOkyj8-00312-00078512-00078806 plus a let me start from this expression
jvEueoOkyj8-00313-00078807-00079126 again y square plus twice a y plus a
jvEueoOkyj8-00314-00079127-00079326 square divided by a
jvEueoOkyj8-00315-00079327-00079591 twice a plus a this a and a is getting
jvEueoOkyj8-00316-00079592-00079838 cancelled so what we are writing that
jvEueoOkyj8-00317-00079839-00079975 twice z
jvEueoOkyj8-00318-00079976-00080223 and in this part we are writing that
jvEueoOkyj8-00319-00080224-00080350 expression
jvEueoOkyj8-00320-00080351-00080455 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00321-00080456-00080543 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00322-00080544-00080750 a square well
jvEueoOkyj8-00323-00080751-00080823 so
jvEueoOkyj8-00324-00080824-00081087 now here as we know that
jvEueoOkyj8-00325-00081088-00081271 a square is
jvEueoOkyj8-00326-00081272-00081543 say a itself is very small so this a
jvEueoOkyj8-00327-00081544-00081671 square term
jvEueoOkyj8-00328-00081672-00082006 we can put equivalent to 0 or say it is
jvEueoOkyj8-00329-00082007-00082271 negligible so if it is negligible now
jvEueoOkyj8-00330-00082272-00082662 what we can write that c
jvEueoOkyj8-00331-00082663-00082887 c is equal to c square it is c because
jvEueoOkyj8-00332-00082888-00083103 we have written already in terms of root
jvEueoOkyj8-00333-00083104-00083359 over so c is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-00334-00083360-00083703 say our target is to get this term g
jvEueoOkyj8-00335-00083704-00084094 y so we are writing g y means from here
jvEueoOkyj8-00336-00084095-00084343 we are bringing a y
jvEueoOkyj8-00337-00084344-00084918 common we are bringing a y common
jvEueoOkyj8-00338-00084919-00085247 here in fact we had a term a y a y plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00339-00085248-00085471 s square right so why we are bringing
jvEueoOkyj8-00340-00085472-00085726 common and 2 we are taking to that side
jvEueoOkyj8-00341-00085727-00085975 so what we can write root over g wide
jvEueoOkyj8-00342-00085976-00086271 and here we can write
jvEueoOkyj8-00343-00086272-00086543 so as 1 y has come so it will become
jvEueoOkyj8-00344-00086544-00086903 twice y 2 is going inside and then plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00345-00086904-00087231 4 a 2 is going and this is coming so it
jvEueoOkyj8-00346-00087232-00087318 will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00347-00087319-00087518 twice y plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00348-00087519-00087599 a
jvEueoOkyj8-00349-00087600-00087959 well now this we can further simplify in
jvEueoOkyj8-00350-00087960-00088294 a way that this is equal to root over
jvEueoOkyj8-00351-00088295-00088679 g y and let me write it in this form
jvEueoOkyj8-00352-00088680-00088847 that
jvEueoOkyj8-00353-00088848-00089111 twice y plus a fine here also let me
jvEueoOkyj8-00354-00089112-00089311 write twice y plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00355-00089312-00089382 a
jvEueoOkyj8-00356-00089383-00089726 then in fact we need to write plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00357-00089727-00089911 tries it
jvEueoOkyj8-00358-00089912-00090199 we need to write plus try say well so
jvEueoOkyj8-00359-00090200-00090543 this twice y plus a twice y plus a that
jvEueoOkyj8-00360-00090544-00090823 we can have 1 and this will become twice
jvEueoOkyj8-00361-00090824-00091118 a by this expression and so let us write
jvEueoOkyj8-00362-00091119-00091438 c is equal to root over g y
jvEueoOkyj8-00363-00091439-00091559 then
jvEueoOkyj8-00364-00091560-00091743 we can write root over
jvEueoOkyj8-00365-00091744-00092038 1 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00366-00092039-00092455 twice a by twice y plus a
jvEueoOkyj8-00367-00092456-00092671 now this expression
jvEueoOkyj8-00368-00092672-00093015 tries a so a is very small and here in
jvEueoOkyj8-00369-00093016-00093406 the denominator we have twice y so it is
jvEueoOkyj8-00370-00093407-00093774 quite a large expression and as y is
jvEueoOkyj8-00371-00093775-00094023 very large than
jvEueoOkyj8-00372-00094024-00094279 as compared to a so it this expression
jvEueoOkyj8-00373-00094280-00094494 will become every small term divided by
jvEueoOkyj8-00374-00094495-00094759 a very large term so this we can now
jvEueoOkyj8-00375-00094760-00095159 neglect so if we neglect this term say
jvEueoOkyj8-00376-00095160-00095374 as
jvEueoOkyj8-00377-00095375-00095694 a is very very small as a is
jvEueoOkyj8-00378-00095695-00095999 very very small as compared to y
jvEueoOkyj8-00379-00096000-00096111 therefore
jvEueoOkyj8-00380-00096112-00096255 3 a
jvEueoOkyj8-00381-00096256-00096550 by twice y plus a
jvEueoOkyj8-00382-00096551-00097111 is say negligible is negligible
jvEueoOkyj8-00383-00097112-00097223 and now
jvEueoOkyj8-00384-00097224-00097471 just neglecting this part it will become
jvEueoOkyj8-00385-00097472-00097735 c is equal to root over
jvEueoOkyj8-00386-00097736-00097943 g y well
jvEueoOkyj8-00387-00097944-00098238 so ah that is the expression that we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00388-00098239-00098574 derive what we got in our last class uh
jvEueoOkyj8-00389-00098575-00098759 again starting from the first principle
jvEueoOkyj8-00390-00098760-00098950 we could see that for a small amplitude
jvEueoOkyj8-00391-00098951-00099047 wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00392-00099048-00099311 we can have the expression for c as root
jvEueoOkyj8-00393-00099312-00099703 over g y and if it is a
jvEueoOkyj8-00394-00099704-00099871 supposed non
jvEueoOkyj8-00395-00099872-00100159 rectangular channel then what we do that
jvEueoOkyj8-00396-00100160-00100367 y will not represent these things
jvEueoOkyj8-00397-00100368-00100711 properly so what we write that c is
jvEueoOkyj8-00398-00100712-00100903 equal to root over
jvEueoOkyj8-00399-00100904-00101087 g d
jvEueoOkyj8-00400-00101088-00101318 what d is d is the
jvEueoOkyj8-00401-00101319-00101462 hydraulic
jvEueoOkyj8-00402-00101463-00101887 depth d is the hydraulic depth
jvEueoOkyj8-00403-00101888-00102206 so ah using this hydraulic depth
jvEueoOkyj8-00404-00102207-00102367 in fact for rectangular channel this
jvEueoOkyj8-00405-00102368-00102551 will become y but for trapezoidal
jvEueoOkyj8-00406-00102552-00102975 channel it will be a by t so using this
jvEueoOkyj8-00407-00102976-00103190 expression also we can get the value of
jvEueoOkyj8-00408-00103191-00103342 c
jvEueoOkyj8-00409-00103343-00103494 so after that
jvEueoOkyj8-00410-00103495-00103630 let us see
jvEueoOkyj8-00411-00103631-00103823 that
jvEueoOkyj8-00412-00103824-00104134 uh well for a wave of this type for a
jvEueoOkyj8-00413-00104135-00104439 wave of this solitary wave of this kind
jvEueoOkyj8-00414-00104440-00104718 we can have an expression for c
jvEueoOkyj8-00415-00104719-00104999 but if we have a surge if we have a
jvEueoOkyj8-00416-00105000-00105366 search and how to analyze this size
jvEueoOkyj8-00417-00105367-00105623 whether the c value will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00418-00105624-00105751 same as
jvEueoOkyj8-00419-00105752-00105919 or the same expression whether we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00420-00105920-00106143 use or not well
jvEueoOkyj8-00421-00106144-00106431 that first we should know what is surge
jvEueoOkyj8-00422-00106432-00106686 this is also in unsteady flow this is
jvEueoOkyj8-00423-00106688-00106966 important uh i mean
jvEueoOkyj8-00424-00106967-00107247 important topic that is such we need to
jvEueoOkyj8-00425-00107248-00107471 do lot of analysis in fact on charges
jvEueoOkyj8-00426-00107472-00107686 and but here we'll be just doing some
jvEueoOkyj8-00427-00107688-00107983 limited exercise on charge that you can
jvEueoOkyj8-00428-00107983-00108454 see that surge is a moving wave front
jvEueoOkyj8-00429-00108455-00108839 that brings about an abrupt change
jvEueoOkyj8-00430-00108840-00109127 in the flow depth of the channel so
jvEueoOkyj8-00431-00109128-00109239 basically
jvEueoOkyj8-00432-00109240-00109583 what we mean by surge is that
jvEueoOkyj8-00433-00109583-00109710 say
jvEueoOkyj8-00434-00109711-00109854 this is the bit
jvEueoOkyj8-00435-00109855-00110183 and
jvEueoOkyj8-00436-00110183-00110358 normal flow
jvEueoOkyj8-00437-00110359-00110607 is suppose moving here
jvEueoOkyj8-00438-00110608-00110975 and somehow a wave is coming like that
jvEueoOkyj8-00439-00110976-00111151 it is the moving wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00440-00111152-00111390 front that's why we call this as a wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00441-00111391-00111623 front this wave front
jvEueoOkyj8-00442-00111624-00111734 and
jvEueoOkyj8-00443-00111735-00111951 then it is move so this water is moving
jvEueoOkyj8-00444-00111952-00112247 like that otherwise also and then we
jvEueoOkyj8-00445-00112248-00112463 have a moving wave from this wave front
jvEueoOkyj8-00446-00112464-00112775 is moving with a velocity say
jvEueoOkyj8-00447-00112776-00112847 v
jvEueoOkyj8-00448-00112848-00113047 w this way front is moving with a
jvEueoOkyj8-00449-00113048-00113278 velocity vw and this can be
jvEueoOkyj8-00450-00113279-00113615 this we refer as a surge in fact ah it
jvEueoOkyj8-00451-00113616-00113934 can be in the other way also say
jvEueoOkyj8-00452-00113935-00114158 your water level is here
jvEueoOkyj8-00453-00114159-00114423 water level is here and water itself is
jvEueoOkyj8-00454-00114424-00114710 moving in this direction suppose
jvEueoOkyj8-00455-00114711-00114790 and
jvEueoOkyj8-00456-00114791-00115078 somehow due to closure of gate the you
jvEueoOkyj8-00457-00115079-00115263 have suddenly closed the gate so water
jvEueoOkyj8-00458-00115264-00115551 level here is rising and then the wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00459-00115552-00115727 can be moving in the
jvEueoOkyj8-00460-00115728-00116031 opposite direction also
jvEueoOkyj8-00461-00116032-00116358 this is say wave moving upstream and
jvEueoOkyj8-00462-00116359-00116678 this is a wave moving downstream so
jvEueoOkyj8-00463-00116679-00116943 whatever may be the situation we call
jvEueoOkyj8-00464-00116944-00117175 such moving wave front
jvEueoOkyj8-00465-00117176-00117566 which is moving uh and creating a abrupt
jvEueoOkyj8-00466-00117567-00117751 change in the depth see depth earlier
jvEueoOkyj8-00467-00117752-00117958 was like this and there is abrupt change
jvEueoOkyj8-00468-00117959-00118166 if the depth changes gradually like this
jvEueoOkyj8-00469-00118167-00118399 then we will not call this as a charge
jvEueoOkyj8-00470-00118400-00118647 but here left is changing abruptly and
jvEueoOkyj8-00471-00118648-00118934 that's why we call this as a charge and
jvEueoOkyj8-00472-00118935-00119119 a surge and
jvEueoOkyj8-00473-00119120-00119271 so this
jvEueoOkyj8-00474-00119272-00119663 size also we can express in the form of
jvEueoOkyj8-00475-00119664-00119999 uh say equivalent steady state for each
jvEueoOkyj8-00476-00120000-00120175 analysis well
jvEueoOkyj8-00477-00120176-00120486 let us see how we can represent this in
jvEueoOkyj8-00478-00120488-00120878 the form of a equivalent ah flow well
jvEueoOkyj8-00479-00120879-00121110 let us consider this one any one we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00480-00121111-00121278 consider but let us consider this one
jvEueoOkyj8-00481-00121279-00121558 suppose this is c one and this is
jvEueoOkyj8-00482-00121559-00121790 section two so
jvEueoOkyj8-00483-00121791-00122134 say one and two
jvEueoOkyj8-00484-00122135-00122295 why we are considering because this is
jvEueoOkyj8-00485-00122296-00122551 both in the same direction here it is in
jvEueoOkyj8-00486-00122552-00122783 the opposite direction that will give us
jvEueoOkyj8-00487-00122783-00123095 an opportunity to handle a case where
jvEueoOkyj8-00488-00123096-00123295 the flow and waves are moving in the
jvEueoOkyj8-00489-00123296-00123439 opposite direction
jvEueoOkyj8-00490-00123440-00123607 till now we have not discussed that sort
jvEueoOkyj8-00491-00123608-00123847 of situation so suppose the velocity
jvEueoOkyj8-00492-00123848-00124110 here is
jvEueoOkyj8-00493-00124111-00124327 v1
jvEueoOkyj8-00494-00124328-00124663 and velocity
jvEueoOkyj8-00495-00124664-00124902 here will be changing velocity here
jvEueoOkyj8-00496-00124903-00125134 means in the intersection say v
jvEueoOkyj8-00497-00125135-00125310 2 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00498-00125311-00125551 now v w is the velocity which is moving
jvEueoOkyj8-00499-00125552-00125895 in the opposite direction this is a
jvEueoOkyj8-00500-00125896-00126063 unsteady situation
jvEueoOkyj8-00501-00126064-00126447 at the next moment of time
jvEueoOkyj8-00502-00126448-00126686 uh this wave will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00503-00126688-00126790 moving
jvEueoOkyj8-00504-00126791-00127007 further this way will be moving further
jvEueoOkyj8-00505-00127008-00127399 and say ah will not find it here so let
jvEueoOkyj8-00506-00127400-00127678 us see how we can do this to keep in a
jvEueoOkyj8-00507-00127679-00127975 steady position well what we can do in
jvEueoOkyj8-00508-00127976-00128247 this we can apply an
jvEueoOkyj8-00509-00128248-00128495 additional velocity in the opposite
jvEueoOkyj8-00510-00128496-00128790 direction to the speed of the wave well
jvEueoOkyj8-00511-00128791-00128878 so
jvEueoOkyj8-00512-00128879-00129127 please just see we are meaning that
jvEueoOkyj8-00513-00129128-00129319 opposite direction to the speed of the
jvEueoOkyj8-00514-00129320-00129471 wave but this speed of the wave is not
jvEueoOkyj8-00515-00129472-00129695 the celerity celebrity will be the
jvEueoOkyj8-00516-00129696-00129927 relative speed so we are we need to
jvEueoOkyj8-00517-00129928-00130095 apply a velocity in the opposite
jvEueoOkyj8-00518-00130096-00130271 direction to the speed of the wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00519-00130272-00130471 otherwise it is moving with a velocity
jvEueoOkyj8-00520-00130472-00130839 v1 now if we apply another velocity say
jvEueoOkyj8-00521-00130840-00130975 vw
jvEueoOkyj8-00522-00130976-00131199 if we apply another velocity say vw in
jvEueoOkyj8-00523-00131200-00131311 this part
jvEueoOkyj8-00524-00131312-00131607 then
jvEueoOkyj8-00525-00131608-00131847 to tail velocity at this point will
jvEueoOkyj8-00526-00131848-00132119 become v w plus v 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00527-00132120-00132335 and here also it will become
jvEueoOkyj8-00528-00132336-00132495 p 2 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00529-00132496-00132647 v w
jvEueoOkyj8-00530-00132648-00132839 and then velocity of this in this
jvEueoOkyj8-00531-00132840-00133190 direction will become 0 because it is
jvEueoOkyj8-00532-00133191-00133399 moving in this direction it is and then
jvEueoOkyj8-00533-00133400-00133599 that's why the this things is not in a
jvEueoOkyj8-00534-00133600-00133823 position to move further it will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00535-00133824-00134119 remaining in the same position well so
jvEueoOkyj8-00536-00134120-00134366 let us represent this and let us see how
jvEueoOkyj8-00537-00134367-00134614 we can derive ok i am now having this
jvEueoOkyj8-00538-00134615-00134863 portion and this equivalent steady state
jvEueoOkyj8-00539-00134864-00135166 position we can keep here we can draw
jvEueoOkyj8-00540-00135167-00135254 here
jvEueoOkyj8-00541-00135255-00135383 so it will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00542-00135384-00135783 like this
jvEueoOkyj8-00543-00135784-00135966 now we have
jvEueoOkyj8-00544-00135967-00136143 here the velocity will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00545-00136144-00136454 v 1 plus v w
jvEueoOkyj8-00546-00136455-00136687 and here the velocity will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00547-00136688-00136878 v 2 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00548-00136879-00136999 v w
jvEueoOkyj8-00549-00137000-00137207 and of course there will not be any
jvEueoOkyj8-00550-00137208-00137414 velocity of the wave it is not moving
jvEueoOkyj8-00551-00137415-00137575 rather so this is
jvEueoOkyj8-00552-00137576-00137959 basically we can say equivalent
jvEueoOkyj8-00553-00137960-00138199 steady
jvEueoOkyj8-00554-00138200-00138399 situation
jvEueoOkyj8-00555-00138400-00138502 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00556-00138503-00138719 now again for this
jvEueoOkyj8-00557-00138720-00138935 search just like we were writing earlier
jvEueoOkyj8-00558-00138936-00139271 we can write continuity equation and
jvEueoOkyj8-00559-00139272-00139614 momentum equation so continuity equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00560-00139615-00139854 we can write here is a continuity
jvEueoOkyj8-00561-00139855-00140102 equation and let us put some depth value
jvEueoOkyj8-00562-00140103-00140511 here so diff here is y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00563-00140512-00140807 and depth here is say y
jvEueoOkyj8-00564-00140808-00140919 2
jvEueoOkyj8-00565-00140920-00141143 okay
jvEueoOkyj8-00566-00141144-00141375 y 2
jvEueoOkyj8-00567-00141376-00141511 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00568-00141512-00142159 now what is continuity equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00569-00142160-00142454 so again considering unit width of the
jvEueoOkyj8-00570-00142455-00142799 channel considering unit width
jvEueoOkyj8-00571-00142800-00143207 we should mention this one considering
jvEueoOkyj8-00572-00143208-00143487 unit weight
jvEueoOkyj8-00573-00143488-00143719 okay ah this will become
jvEueoOkyj8-00574-00143720-00143926 say y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00575-00143927-00144287 into v 1 plus v w
jvEueoOkyj8-00576-00144288-00144559 is equal to y2
jvEueoOkyj8-00577-00144560-00144799 into v2 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00578-00144800-00145166 sorry it is not v3 it is pw
jvEueoOkyj8-00579-00145167-00145502 p2 plus vw well
jvEueoOkyj8-00580-00145503-00146014 so that is our continuity equation and
jvEueoOkyj8-00581-00146015-00146263 this continuity equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00582-00146264-00146439 can give us or from this continuity
jvEueoOkyj8-00583-00146440-00146702 equation we can express y1 in terms of
jvEueoOkyj8-00584-00146703-00146959 y2 and we can do those things and then
jvEueoOkyj8-00585-00146960-00147271 what is this v1 plus vw that is also
jvEueoOkyj8-00586-00147272-00147687 interesting in fact ah if
jvEueoOkyj8-00587-00147688-00147863 from this point when
jvEueoOkyj8-00588-00147864-00148159 wave speed or absolute speed of the wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00589-00148160-00148271 is say
jvEueoOkyj8-00590-00148272-00148551 it is moving with a speed vw
jvEueoOkyj8-00591-00148552-00148719 and then the fluid is moving in the
jvEueoOkyj8-00592-00148720-00148990 opposite direction p1
jvEueoOkyj8-00593-00148991-00149263 then what is its relative speed
jvEueoOkyj8-00594-00149264-00149526 its relative speed will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00595-00149527-00149887 v1 plus vw because both are moving in
jvEueoOkyj8-00596-00149888-00150126 the opposite direction so it will be it
jvEueoOkyj8-00597-00150127-00150271 is in fact it will appear that it is
jvEueoOkyj8-00598-00150272-00150447 moving faster when v 1 is in this
jvEueoOkyj8-00599-00150448-00150639 direction v w in this opposite direction
jvEueoOkyj8-00600-00150640-00150935 so wave speed relative wave speed will
jvEueoOkyj8-00601-00150936-00151023 be
jvEueoOkyj8-00602-00151024-00151287 v 1 plus v w and this relative wave
jvEueoOkyj8-00603-00151288-00151599 speed in fact we call as c so this p 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00604-00151600-00151823 plus v w is nothing but
jvEueoOkyj8-00605-00151824-00152119 c well that we can write that equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00606-00152120-00152343 so continuity equation we have seen
jvEueoOkyj8-00607-00152344-00152478 and then
jvEueoOkyj8-00608-00152479-00152654 let me write the continuity equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00609-00152655-00152943 again and let me keep the diagram here
jvEueoOkyj8-00610-00152944-00153063 quickly
jvEueoOkyj8-00611-00153064-00153231 say it is
jvEueoOkyj8-00612-00153232-00153551 v 1 plus v w sorry v 2 plus v w and this
jvEueoOkyj8-00613-00153552-00153943 is p 1 plus p w that we have and depth
jvEueoOkyj8-00614-00153944-00154083 here is y
jvEueoOkyj8-00615-00154084-00154271 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00616-00154272-00154671 this is y 2
jvEueoOkyj8-00617-00154672-00154775 ok
jvEueoOkyj8-00618-00154776-00154951 ah now the continuity equation we have
jvEueoOkyj8-00619-00154952-00155566 already described so y 1 plus y 1 into
jvEueoOkyj8-00620-00155567-00155999 v1 plus vw is equal to y2 into v2 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00621-00156000-00156326 vw now we need to write the momentum
jvEueoOkyj8-00622-00156327-00156535 equation we need to write the momentum
jvEueoOkyj8-00623-00156536-00156783 equation so for momentum equation for
jvEueoOkyj8-00624-00156784-00156959 writing the momentum equation we need to
jvEueoOkyj8-00625-00156960-00157214 see what are the forces acting so the
jvEueoOkyj8-00626-00157215-00157454 pressure force from this direction
jvEueoOkyj8-00627-00157455-00157639 and the pressure force from that
jvEueoOkyj8-00628-00157640-00157823 direction and then
jvEueoOkyj8-00629-00157824-00158047 the momentum change in momentum between
jvEueoOkyj8-00630-00158048-00158239 this point and that point so pressure
jvEueoOkyj8-00631-00158240-00158454 diagram we can draw like that
jvEueoOkyj8-00632-00158455-00158663 and as we know we have discussed that
jvEueoOkyj8-00633-00158664-00158895 part a lot so
jvEueoOkyj8-00634-00158896-00159311 a pressure here we can write as half of
jvEueoOkyj8-00635-00159312-00159719 rho g into y1 square okay because
jvEueoOkyj8-00636-00159720-00159966 pressure here is nothing but
jvEueoOkyj8-00637-00159967-00160383 rho g into y one or w y one we can write
jvEueoOkyj8-00638-00160384-00160711 into it as w or we can write rho g so
jvEueoOkyj8-00639-00160712-00160919 writing in any form we can get it say
jvEueoOkyj8-00640-00160920-00161247 rho g y one and then area of this
jvEueoOkyj8-00641-00161248-00161599 triangle will be half of rho g y 1 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00642-00161600-00161863 ah multiplied by the way y so it will
jvEueoOkyj8-00643-00161864-00162078 become half of rho g y 1 square so
jvEueoOkyj8-00644-00162079-00162311 momentum equation what we can write the
jvEueoOkyj8-00645-00162312-00162631 force from this side that we can write
jvEueoOkyj8-00646-00162632-00162902 okay this is continuity equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00647-00162903-00163151 and now we are writing momentum equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00648-00163152-00164054 so momentum equation we can write here
jvEueoOkyj8-00649-00164055-00164247 so half of rho
jvEueoOkyj8-00650-00164248-00164343 g
jvEueoOkyj8-00651-00164344-00164575 y 1 square
jvEueoOkyj8-00652-00164576-00164766 that is the pressure force from this
jvEueoOkyj8-00653-00164767-00164854 side
jvEueoOkyj8-00654-00164855-00164999 and minus
jvEueoOkyj8-00655-00165000-00165247 half of rho g
jvEueoOkyj8-00656-00165248-00165519 y 2 squared that is the pressure force
jvEueoOkyj8-00657-00165520-00165678 from that side
jvEueoOkyj8-00658-00165679-00165983 that is equal to change in momentum
jvEueoOkyj8-00659-00165984-00166231 rather rate of change in momentum so
jvEueoOkyj8-00660-00166232-00166423 what we can write that mass flowing per
jvEueoOkyj8-00661-00166424-00166647 unit time and change in velocity so mass
jvEueoOkyj8-00662-00166648-00166887 flowing per year time how we can write
jvEueoOkyj8-00663-00166888-00167151 that the charge flowing per unit time
jvEueoOkyj8-00664-00167152-00167375 well the charge as it is not changing
jvEueoOkyj8-00665-00167376-00167623 from here to here no water flow is being
jvEueoOkyj8-00666-00167624-00167847 added nor nor the flow has been taken
jvEueoOkyj8-00667-00167848-00167983 out so
jvEueoOkyj8-00668-00167984-00168190 we can write it in terms of the charge
jvEueoOkyj8-00669-00168191-00168383 of this part because this is known to us
jvEueoOkyj8-00670-00168384-00168559 what is depth y2
jvEueoOkyj8-00671-00168560-00168783 that is of course no not known to us
jvEueoOkyj8-00672-00168784-00168935 because after coming of the wave this is
jvEueoOkyj8-00673-00168936-00169223 happening but this y1 will be generally
jvEueoOkyj8-00674-00169224-00169383 known to us so let us write the
jvEueoOkyj8-00675-00169384-00169671 discharge in terms of this one that we
jvEueoOkyj8-00676-00169672-00169966 can write the charge in fact is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-00677-00169967-00170263 y 1 into v 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00678-00170264-00170551 plus v w is the
jvEueoOkyj8-00679-00170552-00170911 say velocity and area is actually y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00680-00170912-00171159 into width but width is 1. so this is
jvEueoOkyj8-00681-00171160-00171302 what the
jvEueoOkyj8-00682-00171303-00171559 volume flowing we can see and then this
jvEueoOkyj8-00683-00171560-00171790 volume flowing if we multiplied by rho
jvEueoOkyj8-00684-00171791-00172078 then it become the mass flowing ok so
jvEueoOkyj8-00685-00172079-00172351 this is what the mass flowing and then v
jvEueoOkyj8-00686-00172352-00172599 square or say sorry not v square this is
jvEueoOkyj8-00687-00172600-00172783 the mass flowing and the change in
jvEueoOkyj8-00688-00172784-00173023 velocity so change in velocity is equal
jvEueoOkyj8-00689-00173024-00173438 to in fact it is v 2 plus w v w minus v
jvEueoOkyj8-00690-00173439-00173583 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00691-00173584-00173838 plus v w so ultimately the resulting
jvEueoOkyj8-00692-00173839-00174071 will be v2 minus
jvEueoOkyj8-00693-00174072-00174399 v1 so that is what the change in flow
jvEueoOkyj8-00694-00174400-00174790 velocity this is our momentum equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00695-00174791-00175095 well from this momentum equation we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00696-00175096-00175326 further derive some of the
jvEueoOkyj8-00697-00175327-00175559 relation i mean which is required for
jvEueoOkyj8-00698-00175560-00175871 finding the expression for c in case of
jvEueoOkyj8-00699-00175872-00176151 surge and well before that let us write
jvEueoOkyj8-00700-00176152-00176359 the expression for c here this is
jvEueoOkyj8-00701-00176360-00176590 another equation that is c is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-00702-00176591-00176863 we have
jvEueoOkyj8-00703-00176864-00177254 we can write that c is equal to say v 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00704-00177255-00177583 plus v w that we have already explained
jvEueoOkyj8-00705-00177584-00177847 how it is so this is equal to c salary
jvEueoOkyj8-00706-00177848-00178038 tc that is the expression for
jvEueoOkyj8-00707-00178039-00178351 celerity c and this expression ah
jvEueoOkyj8-00708-00178352-00178590 celerity c we can further
jvEueoOkyj8-00709-00178591-00178814 say starting from the momentum equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00710-00178815-00179071 we can derive it in a different form and
jvEueoOkyj8-00711-00179072-00179502 let us see how we can do that well
jvEueoOkyj8-00712-00179503-00179599 ah
jvEueoOkyj8-00713-00179600-00179887 now we need to mention one point here
jvEueoOkyj8-00714-00179888-00180175 that we got one expression for c is
jvEueoOkyj8-00715-00180176-00180438 equal to root over g y and this equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00716-00180439-00180543 is called
jvEueoOkyj8-00717-00180544-00180854 lagrange's equation of cellulity this
jvEueoOkyj8-00718-00180855-00181054 equation c is equal to root over g y
jvEueoOkyj8-00719-00181055-00181263 this equation is called lagrangia's
jvEueoOkyj8-00720-00181264-00181519 equation of cellulite well and now let
jvEueoOkyj8-00721-00181520-00181790 us see what will be the expression for c
jvEueoOkyj8-00722-00181791-00182175 in case of surge in terms of y1 and y
jvEueoOkyj8-00723-00182176-00182271 two
jvEueoOkyj8-00724-00182272-00182375 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00725-00182376-00182575 in general we can have it as v one plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00726-00182576-00182887 v w but we then we do not know what is v
jvEueoOkyj8-00727-00182888-00183151 w and so we need to have it in a
jvEueoOkyj8-00728-00183152-00183414 different form like that earlier we got
jvEueoOkyj8-00729-00183415-00183623 in terms of depth y so let us see what
jvEueoOkyj8-00730-00183624-00183838 we can do
jvEueoOkyj8-00731-00183839-00184126 ah starting from this again starting
jvEueoOkyj8-00732-00184127-00184359 from this momentum equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00733-00184360-00184759 we can write that this is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-00734-00184760-00184951 say
jvEueoOkyj8-00735-00184952-00185047 rho
jvEueoOkyj8-00736-00185048-00185383 we can cancel in each part then let me
jvEueoOkyj8-00737-00185384-00185687 take common here say half of g
jvEueoOkyj8-00738-00185688-00185902 then
jvEueoOkyj8-00739-00185903-00186063 y one
jvEueoOkyj8-00740-00186064-00186190 square
jvEueoOkyj8-00741-00186191-00186463 say half of g y 1 square if i keep here
jvEueoOkyj8-00742-00186464-00186623 then it become
jvEueoOkyj8-00743-00186624-00187223 1 minus y 1 square by y 2 square well
jvEueoOkyj8-00744-00187224-00187375 and on this side
jvEueoOkyj8-00745-00187376-00187719 we can take say y 1 is here
jvEueoOkyj8-00746-00187720-00187926 and then v2
jvEueoOkyj8-00747-00187927-00188143 minus v1 is there
jvEueoOkyj8-00748-00188144-00188231 so
jvEueoOkyj8-00749-00188232-00188495 what is that v2 is the velocity so
jvEueoOkyj8-00750-00188496-00188863 velocity and this expression actually y1
jvEueoOkyj8-00751-00188864-00189031 plus p1
jvEueoOkyj8-00752-00189032-00189335 plus vw this expression this expression
jvEueoOkyj8-00753-00189336-00189543 is nothing but this is showing how much
jvEueoOkyj8-00754-00189544-00189807 is the discharge i am writing this as q
jvEueoOkyj8-00755-00189808-00190038 this is q means unit discharge because
jvEueoOkyj8-00756-00190039-00190263 we are talking about the charge through
jvEueoOkyj8-00757-00190264-00190550 unit width so this is equal to q
jvEueoOkyj8-00758-00190551-00190919 and what is our v2 or v1 v2 is nothing
jvEueoOkyj8-00759-00190920-00191087 but q by
jvEueoOkyj8-00760-00191088-00191207 say
jvEueoOkyj8-00761-00191208-00191614 y1 because v2 into y1 is equal to y2 is
jvEueoOkyj8-00762-00191615-00192095 equal to q and v1 is equal to q by y1
jvEueoOkyj8-00763-00192096-00192350 because that we know that again from
jvEueoOkyj8-00764-00192351-00192638 continuity equation we know that v1 y1
jvEueoOkyj8-00765-00192639-00192911 is equal to v2 y1 that is also known to
jvEueoOkyj8-00766-00192912-00193183 us so in fact
jvEueoOkyj8-00767-00193184-00193535 this v2 can be written as v2 can be
jvEueoOkyj8-00768-00193536-00193959 written as q by y2 means q is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-00769-00193960-00194495 v1 plus vw q is equal to y1 p1 plus vw
jvEueoOkyj8-00770-00194496-00194902 divided by y2 so that can be written so
jvEueoOkyj8-00771-00194903-00195207 well so if we bring this q
jvEueoOkyj8-00772-00195208-00195431 common here let me write it in this form
jvEueoOkyj8-00773-00195432-00195759 here say y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00774-00195760-00195943 plus p 1 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00775-00195944-00196135 v w
jvEueoOkyj8-00776-00196136-00196326 and then the skew
jvEueoOkyj8-00777-00196327-00196407 uh
jvEueoOkyj8-00778-00196408-00196631 we can okay let us keep row still here
jvEueoOkyj8-00779-00196632-00196854 because here also rho okay okay this
jvEueoOkyj8-00780-00196855-00197063 charge will be coming so as the charge
jvEueoOkyj8-00781-00197064-00197278 is nothing but see we can again write
jvEueoOkyj8-00782-00197279-00197438 this part as
jvEueoOkyj8-00783-00197439-00197838 y 1 into p 1 plus v w that is what the d
jvEueoOkyj8-00784-00197839-00197975 charge we are writing here bringing
jvEueoOkyj8-00785-00197976-00198095 common
jvEueoOkyj8-00786-00198096-00198335 and then inside this will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00787-00198336-00198638 say 1 by that means q we are bringing
jvEueoOkyj8-00788-00198639-00198823 out this q is nothing but this
jvEueoOkyj8-00789-00198824-00199111 expression and then here it will be 1 by
jvEueoOkyj8-00790-00199112-00199559 y2 minus 1 by y1 okay
jvEueoOkyj8-00791-00199560-00199678 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00792-00199679-00199975 and as we can see very clearly that this
jvEueoOkyj8-00793-00199976-00200223 term and this term is same so we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00794-00200224-00200350 just because we are writing for the
jvEueoOkyj8-00795-00200351-00200607 charge only so this will be square so
jvEueoOkyj8-00796-00200608-00200807 this can be written as
jvEueoOkyj8-00797-00200808-00200975 half of g
jvEueoOkyj8-00798-00200976-00201159 y 1 square
jvEueoOkyj8-00799-00201160-00201663 and 1 minus y 1 square by y 2 square
jvEueoOkyj8-00800-00201664-00201950 is equal to this now we can write y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00801-00201951-00202063 square
jvEueoOkyj8-00802-00202064-00202359 and then we can write here as
jvEueoOkyj8-00803-00202360-00202447 say
jvEueoOkyj8-00804-00202448-00202847 v 1 plus v w square
jvEueoOkyj8-00805-00202848-00203023 ah then
jvEueoOkyj8-00806-00203024-00203326 within bracket we are putting say 1 by
jvEueoOkyj8-00807-00203327-00203743 y2 minus 1 by y1
jvEueoOkyj8-00808-00203744-00204031 now let us see how we can further
jvEueoOkyj8-00809-00204032-00204287 simplify this expression
jvEueoOkyj8-00810-00204288-00204654 here that is the p1 plus v w is nothing
jvEueoOkyj8-00811-00204655-00204726 but
jvEueoOkyj8-00812-00204727-00204806 c
jvEueoOkyj8-00813-00204807-00205079 so from that we can put the value here
jvEueoOkyj8-00814-00205080-00205455 as c square say y 1 square and this y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00815-00205456-00205814 square we can cancel and then we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00816-00205815-00206071 just rewrite this expression in a simple
jvEueoOkyj8-00817-00206071-00206158 form
jvEueoOkyj8-00818-00206159-00206406 like that
jvEueoOkyj8-00819-00206407-00206671 c square
jvEueoOkyj8-00820-00206671-00206855 we have already replaced this part that
jvEueoOkyj8-00821-00206856-00207134 means this we are writing as c this one
jvEueoOkyj8-00822-00207135-00207282 this is nothing but
jvEueoOkyj8-00823-00207283-00207655 c so putting that what we can write c
jvEueoOkyj8-00824-00207656-00207903 square is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-00825-00207904-00208127 say half of g
jvEueoOkyj8-00826-00208128-00208271 half of g
jvEueoOkyj8-00827-00208271-00208542 then we can write say y square y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00828-00208544-00208703 square minus y 2 square that we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00829-00208704-00208951 write y 1 plus y 2
jvEueoOkyj8-00830-00208952-00209238 into y 1 minus y 2
jvEueoOkyj8-00831-00209239-00209623 and this is divided by y 1 squared
jvEueoOkyj8-00832-00209623-00209719 and then
jvEueoOkyj8-00833-00209719-00209806 this
jvEueoOkyj8-00834-00209807-00210087 the denominator part we can write say y
jvEueoOkyj8-00835-00210088-00210319 1 minus y 2
jvEueoOkyj8-00836-00210319-00210679 divided by
jvEueoOkyj8-00837-00210680-00210887 y 1 y 2
jvEueoOkyj8-00838-00210888-00211191 that means this part this has become y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00839-00211192-00211391 y 2 then y 1 minus y 2. so this is
jvEueoOkyj8-00840-00211392-00211606 coming here and this is becoming y
jvEueoOkyj8-00841-00211607-00211871 square and y2 squared and this y1 y2
jvEueoOkyj8-00842-00211871-00212039 square minus y1 square that we are
jvEueoOkyj8-00843-00212040-00212158 writing as
jvEueoOkyj8-00844-00212159-00212246 this
jvEueoOkyj8-00845-00212248-00212671 i mean this one say y1 y2 and y1 plus y2
jvEueoOkyj8-00846-00212671-00212798 okay
jvEueoOkyj8-00847-00212800-00213127 now from here what we can do
jvEueoOkyj8-00848-00213128-00213358 this is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-00849-00213359-00213479 half of
jvEueoOkyj8-00850-00213480-00213615 g
jvEueoOkyj8-00851-00213616-00214046 then we can write y2 by y1
jvEueoOkyj8-00852-00214048-00214439 so this y1 and this y1 is getting cancel
jvEueoOkyj8-00853-00214440-00214719 and we can write this as y two by
jvEueoOkyj8-00854-00214719-00215431 y one
jvEueoOkyj8-00855-00215432-00215655 y two by y one
jvEueoOkyj8-00856-00215656-00215975 two by y1 into say
jvEueoOkyj8-00857-00215976-00216055 ah
jvEueoOkyj8-00858-00216056-00216167 it will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00859-00216167-00216398 y1 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00860-00216400-00216734 y2 that will be the expression and we
jvEueoOkyj8-00861-00216735-00216942 can of course further simplify from this
jvEueoOkyj8-00862-00216944-00217255 part ah you can see that our target is
jvEueoOkyj8-00863-00217256-00217471 always to get in the expression in terms
jvEueoOkyj8-00864-00217471-00217727 of root over g y and then whether we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00865-00217728-00218015 have it in further simplified form so c
jvEueoOkyj8-00866-00218016-00218391 square this is equal to ah we can bring
jvEueoOkyj8-00867-00218392-00218775 one y from here one from one y one from
jvEueoOkyj8-00868-00218776-00219127 here so it is equal to say
jvEueoOkyj8-00869-00219128-00219271 g
jvEueoOkyj8-00870-00219271-00219623 y one one y one y bringing from here and
jvEueoOkyj8-00871-00219623-00219815 then the other part we are writing in a
jvEueoOkyj8-00872-00219816-00220110 different way say half we are writing
jvEueoOkyj8-00873-00220111-00220239 here and
jvEueoOkyj8-00874-00220240-00220719 say this y 2 by y 1 is there y 2 by y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00875-00220719-00220982 and then as 1 y 1 we have brought here
jvEueoOkyj8-00876-00220983-00221167 this will be 1 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00877-00221167-00221310 y 2 by
jvEueoOkyj8-00878-00221311-00221542 y1 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00879-00221544-00221823 so ah that's the expression we are
jvEueoOkyj8-00880-00221823-00222079 getting and as you can see that
jvEueoOkyj8-00881-00222080-00222367 oh this will be y 1 ok so c square is
jvEueoOkyj8-00882-00222367-00222582 equal to this part then if we just try
jvEueoOkyj8-00883-00222583-00222734 to take c
jvEueoOkyj8-00884-00222735-00222998 then we will be getting c is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-00885-00223000-00223151 root over
jvEueoOkyj8-00886-00223152-00223231 g
jvEueoOkyj8-00887-00223232-00223391 y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00888-00223392-00223558 then root over
jvEueoOkyj8-00889-00223559-00223734 say half
jvEueoOkyj8-00890-00223735-00223815 of
jvEueoOkyj8-00891-00223816-00224094 y 2 by y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00892-00224096-00224287 and 1 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-00893-00224288-00224575 y 2 by y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00894-00224576-00224663 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00895-00224664-00224975 now in this expression normally if we
jvEueoOkyj8-00896-00224976-00225167 refer to our earlier
jvEueoOkyj8-00897-00225167-00225527 diagram this say y 2 will not be known
jvEueoOkyj8-00898-00225528-00225742 to us because it is coming this wave is
jvEueoOkyj8-00899-00225744-00226023 coming and then y 1 will be known to us
jvEueoOkyj8-00900-00226023-00226294 of course so to get the value of c
jvEueoOkyj8-00901-00226296-00226503 then say generally we are getting the
jvEueoOkyj8-00902-00226504-00226839 expression in terms of ah y 2 by y 1 and
jvEueoOkyj8-00903-00226840-00227063 here it is z y 1 and this
jvEueoOkyj8-00904-00227064-00227310 y 2 we need to know in many cases so
jvEueoOkyj8-00905-00227311-00227510 this is y 2 oh sorry
jvEueoOkyj8-00906-00227511-00227734 this is this should have been
jvEueoOkyj8-00907-00227735-00228046 y 2 square by y 1 square yes
jvEueoOkyj8-00908-00228048-00228351 we are taking common y 1 square here and
jvEueoOkyj8-00909-00228352-00228591 as such it will be y2 square by y1
jvEueoOkyj8-00910-00228592-00228831 square and this is y2 square by y1
jvEueoOkyj8-00911-00228832-00228951 square right
jvEueoOkyj8-00912-00228952-00229142 and
jvEueoOkyj8-00913-00229144-00229263 that's why we are getting this
jvEueoOkyj8-00914-00229264-00229551 expression in this form like that one
jvEueoOkyj8-00915-00229552-00229710 this one and so
jvEueoOkyj8-00916-00229711-00229982 this is coming in this form well fine so
jvEueoOkyj8-00917-00229983-00230246 that way c is equal to root over g y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00918-00230248-00230391 and this expression we are getting in
jvEueoOkyj8-00919-00230392-00230655 terms of y 2 by y 1 and this is the
jvEueoOkyj8-00920-00230656-00230934 expression normally we use for
jvEueoOkyj8-00921-00230935-00231046 computing
jvEueoOkyj8-00922-00231048-00231342 surge okay surge means celerity in
jvEueoOkyj8-00923-00231344-00231663 search and then this help us in
jvEueoOkyj8-00924-00231664-00231919 various in solving various numerical
jvEueoOkyj8-00925-00231919-00232134 problems small numerical problems we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00926-00232135-00232382 solve by using this particular
jvEueoOkyj8-00927-00232383-00232510 expression
jvEueoOkyj8-00928-00232511-00233791 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00929-00233792-00234063 expression for c2
jvEueoOkyj8-00930-00234064-00235094 continuity and momentum equation
jvEueoOkyj8-00931-00235096-00236631 that's a homogeneous
jvEueoOkyj8-00932-00236632-00238831 um
jvEueoOkyj8-00933-00238832-00239663 no
jvEueoOkyj8-00935-00243728-00243910 uh let us take a
jvEueoOkyj8-00936-00243911-00244127 uh problem typical problem in fact we
jvEueoOkyj8-00937-00244128-00244358 will not will not be solving the problem
jvEueoOkyj8-00938-00244359-00244558 as such but we'll just show how the
jvEueoOkyj8-00939-00244559-00244742 steps need to be followed and how we can
jvEueoOkyj8-00940-00244744-00244991 get the result so the problem suppose it
jvEueoOkyj8-00941-00244992-00245198 is like that that water flows in a
jvEueoOkyj8-00942-00245200-00245527 rectangular channel at a depth of 2
jvEueoOkyj8-00943-00245528-00245823 meter with a velocity of 1 meter per
jvEueoOkyj8-00944-00245823-00246023 second well say
jvEueoOkyj8-00945-00246023-00246398 this is the channel and here water is
jvEueoOkyj8-00946-00246400-00246582 flowing first i am drawing by dotted
jvEueoOkyj8-00947-00246583-00246767 line is flowing
jvEueoOkyj8-00948-00246767-00247030 uh with a depth of 2 meter this depth is
jvEueoOkyj8-00949-00247031-00247279 2 meter this is a typical problem taken
jvEueoOkyj8-00950-00247280-00247503 from the book of rangaraju
jvEueoOkyj8-00951-00247504-00247782 open channel flow so this is a depth is
jvEueoOkyj8-00952-00247783-00248206 2 meter and the velocity of flow is one
jvEueoOkyj8-00953-00248207-00248558 meter per second well and if the charge
jvEueoOkyj8-00954-00248559-00248894 in the channel is suddenly triple
jvEueoOkyj8-00955-00248896-00249223 what will be the depth of flow so here
jvEueoOkyj8-00956-00249223-00249415 it was the depth of flow suppose in the
jvEueoOkyj8-00957-00249416-00249798 discharge if we suddenly triple then
jvEueoOkyj8-00958-00249800-00249951 what will be the depth of flow suppose
jvEueoOkyj8-00959-00249952-00250158 depth of flow is increasing like that
jvEueoOkyj8-00960-00250159-00250382 and this will in fact continue to
jvEueoOkyj8-00961-00250383-00250598 increase this will continue to increase
jvEueoOkyj8-00962-00250600-00250798 this will continue to increase and then
jvEueoOkyj8-00963-00250800-00250967 wave is moving in this direction and
jvEueoOkyj8-00964-00250967-00251151 after sometimes the depth will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00965-00251152-00251503 increasing now here this is in fact our
jvEueoOkyj8-00966-00251504-00251582 say
jvEueoOkyj8-00967-00251583-00252023 we can put as y 2 and this is our
jvEueoOkyj8-00968-00252023-00252134 y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-00969-00252135-00252382 of course we can write either way also
jvEueoOkyj8-00970-00252383-00252503 and
jvEueoOkyj8-00971-00252504-00252846 then velocity here is say v1 velocity
jvEueoOkyj8-00972-00252848-00253030 here is v2
jvEueoOkyj8-00973-00253031-00253398 and then wave velocity let us put as vw
jvEueoOkyj8-00974-00253400-00253591 then how we can write a continuity
jvEueoOkyj8-00975-00253592-00253767 equation and momentum equation for this
jvEueoOkyj8-00976-00253767-00254015 case and what we know here is the depth
jvEueoOkyj8-00977-00254016-00254142 y 2 and
jvEueoOkyj8-00978-00254144-00254415 this v 2 is known velocity is 1 meter
jvEueoOkyj8-00979-00254416-00254646 per second and lift is say 2 meter so
jvEueoOkyj8-00980-00254648-00254855 that part is known and other things are
jvEueoOkyj8-00981-00254856-00255030 not known and what we are knowing the
jvEueoOkyj8-00982-00255031-00255287 discharge what was earlier flowing
jvEueoOkyj8-00983-00255288-00255375 is
jvEueoOkyj8-00984-00255376-00255479 just
jvEueoOkyj8-00985-00255480-00255671 triple so this the charge what we will
jvEueoOkyj8-00986-00255671-00255951 be getting here y one v one say
jvEueoOkyj8-00987-00255952-00256103 considering unit to it what will be
jvEueoOkyj8-00988-00256104-00256439 getting y one v one that will be 3 time
jvEueoOkyj8-00989-00256440-00256919 of that of the say y 2 v 2 well
jvEueoOkyj8-00990-00256919-00257142 so how we can write the
jvEueoOkyj8-00991-00257144-00257423 continuity equation again to first make
jvEueoOkyj8-00992-00257423-00257710 it steady what we can do to make it
jvEueoOkyj8-00993-00257711-00258087 steady we can apply a velocity opposite
jvEueoOkyj8-00994-00258088-00258423 to this vw so we will be applying here
jvEueoOkyj8-00995-00258423-00258542 pw
jvEueoOkyj8-00996-00258544-00258798 and then if we apply vw what will be the
jvEueoOkyj8-00997-00258800-00259030 velocity here ultimately this velocity
jvEueoOkyj8-00998-00259031-00259463 will be changing to say v 1 minus v w
jvEueoOkyj8-00999-00259464-00259679 after applying this one and this will be
jvEueoOkyj8-01000-00259680-00259871 changing to this velocity will be
jvEueoOkyj8-01001-00259871-00259991 changing to
jvEueoOkyj8-01002-00259992-00260319 v 2 minus v w well
jvEueoOkyj8-01003-00260319-00260487 and then continuity equation you can
jvEueoOkyj8-01004-00260488-00260998 write say v 1 minus v w into y 1
jvEueoOkyj8-01005-00261000-00261406 is equal to v 2 minus p w into
jvEueoOkyj8-01006-00261407-00261734 y 2 so that is what we can write the
jvEueoOkyj8-01007-00261735-00262030 continuity equation now here we can put
jvEueoOkyj8-01008-00262031-00262319 the value of p 2 and y 2. so what we can
jvEueoOkyj8-01009-00262320-00262606 write that this is nothing but say v 2
jvEueoOkyj8-01010-00262607-00262830 is equal to 2 so 2
jvEueoOkyj8-01011-00262831-00263143 sorry v 2 is equal to 1
jvEueoOkyj8-01012-00263144-00263358 1 minus v w
jvEueoOkyj8-01013-00263359-00263439 into
jvEueoOkyj8-01014-00263440-00263751 2 so this equation will give us some
jvEueoOkyj8-01015-00263752-00263982 information then we can write the
jvEueoOkyj8-01016-00263983-00264206 momentum equation we can write the
jvEueoOkyj8-01017-00264207-00264382 momentum equation say
jvEueoOkyj8-01018-00264383-00264682 so momentum equation can be written as
jvEueoOkyj8-01019-00264683-00265023 say half of well let me give a number to
jvEueoOkyj8-01020-00265024-00265310 this equation so this equation is 1
jvEueoOkyj8-01021-00265311-00265519 then momentum equation is equal to half
jvEueoOkyj8-01022-00265520-00265710 of rho g
jvEueoOkyj8-01023-00265711-00266119 say y 1 square minus y 2 square is equal
jvEueoOkyj8-01024-00266120-00266247 to rho
jvEueoOkyj8-01025-00266248-00266430 v2 minus
jvEueoOkyj8-01026-00266431-00266758 vw here this is the velocity and we are
jvEueoOkyj8-01027-00266759-00267015 getting y2 and i mean this part is
jvEueoOkyj8-01028-00267016-00267263 actually the discharge and then it is p2
jvEueoOkyj8-01029-00267264-00267623 minus p1 that is what we are getting and
jvEueoOkyj8-01030-00267624-00267855 then this expression also we can
jvEueoOkyj8-01031-00267856-00268055 simplify simplify means you can put the
jvEueoOkyj8-01032-00268056-00268239 value like half of
jvEueoOkyj8-01033-00268240-00268439 say rho g
jvEueoOkyj8-01034-00268440-00268847 y 1 square minus y 2 square means 4 this
jvEueoOkyj8-01035-00268848-00269095 is equal to rho
jvEueoOkyj8-01036-00269096-00269391 ah
jvEueoOkyj8-01037-00269392-00269606 we can write this as rho
jvEueoOkyj8-01038-00269607-00269687 then
jvEueoOkyj8-01039-00269688-00269799 v2
jvEueoOkyj8-01040-00269800-00270279 minus vw that we can again write as say
jvEueoOkyj8-01041-00270280-00270599 v2 was our 1 minus vw
jvEueoOkyj8-01042-00270600-00270727 and this
jvEueoOkyj8-01043-00270728-00270951 y2 is already known to us so this will
jvEueoOkyj8-01044-00270952-00271303 this is 2 so this 2 depth is we got the
jvEueoOkyj8-01045-00271304-00271558 depth s sorry we got the depth as
jvEueoOkyj8-01046-00271559-00272087 2 meter so that we can put here say 2
jvEueoOkyj8-01047-00272088-00272182 and then
jvEueoOkyj8-01048-00272183-00272495 this v2 minus v1 again this we can write
jvEueoOkyj8-01049-00272496-00272975 as 1 minus t1 now this is say equation 2
jvEueoOkyj8-01050-00272976-00273239 well that what information we have we
jvEueoOkyj8-01051-00273240-00273439 have a relationship between what
jvEueoOkyj8-01052-00273440-00273606 information we have that you can refer
jvEueoOkyj8-01053-00273607-00273895 to the slide we have one information
jvEueoOkyj8-01054-00273896-00274103 like that
jvEueoOkyj8-01055-00274104-00274439 v 1 y 1 which is the discharge
jvEueoOkyj8-01056-00274440-00274623 which was the ditch
jvEueoOkyj8-01057-00274624-00275015 after the charge is coming that is v1 y1
jvEueoOkyj8-01058-00275016-00275223 this is the actual recharge what is
jvEueoOkyj8-01059-00275224-00275575 coming here and this the charge is
jvEueoOkyj8-01060-00275576-00276015 triple or three times of that v2 y2 so
jvEueoOkyj8-01061-00276016-00276439 we can write it like that v1 y1 is equal
jvEueoOkyj8-01062-00276440-00276758 to say 3 time of v2
jvEueoOkyj8-01063-00276759-00277063 y2 and this value we can have that is
jvEueoOkyj8-01064-00277064-00277215 equal to 3
jvEueoOkyj8-01065-00277216-00277519 into say 1 is the velocity
jvEueoOkyj8-01066-00277520-00277855 into the depth 2 so this is equal to 6.
jvEueoOkyj8-01067-00277856-00277943 so
jvEueoOkyj8-01068-00277944-00278127 that way we can i am just writing the
jvEueoOkyj8-01069-00278128-00278303 numerical value not writing the unit
jvEueoOkyj8-01070-00278304-00278406 here
jvEueoOkyj8-01071-00278407-00278734 so this is one expression and then we
jvEueoOkyj8-01072-00278735-00279015 have this expression and solving these
jvEueoOkyj8-01073-00279016-00279295 expressions we can get ultimately the
jvEueoOkyj8-01074-00279296-00279575 value of y1 because our target is to
jvEueoOkyj8-01075-00279576-00279943 know the value of y1 and so if we know
jvEueoOkyj8-01076-00279944-00280230 this value of y1 our problem is solve
jvEueoOkyj8-01077-00280231-00280543 and to get the value of v1 we have these
jvEueoOkyj8-01078-00280544-00280791 equations this is one equation
jvEueoOkyj8-01079-00280792-00280975 and then here of course we have this
jvEueoOkyj8-01080-00280976-00281279 unknown vw and this is one equation
jvEueoOkyj8-01081-00281280-00281647 where we have this uh unknown v w so v w
jvEueoOkyj8-01082-00281648-00281934 and y one are the unknown
jvEueoOkyj8-01083-00281935-00282255 that we can solve uh by uh trial and
jvEueoOkyj8-01084-00282256-00282615 error method and we can get say y one is
jvEueoOkyj8-01085-00282616-00282958 equal to two point four five meter this
jvEueoOkyj8-01086-00282959-00283167 is just a sole problem already in the
jvEueoOkyj8-01087-00283168-00283423 book of ranga raju and just i am taking
jvEueoOkyj8-01088-00283424-00283767 here just to show how the search problem
jvEueoOkyj8-01089-00283768-00284119 can be solved well then we'll be taking
jvEueoOkyj8-01090-00284120-00284510 up the next topic rather the equation of
jvEueoOkyj8-01091-00284511-00284975 unsteady flow well
jvEueoOkyj8-01092-00284976-00285303 well so equation of unsteady flow
jvEueoOkyj8-01093-00285304-00285527 that we know that already we have
jvEueoOkyj8-01094-00285528-00285671 discussed
jvEueoOkyj8-01095-00285672-00285887 some of the equations of unsteady flow
jvEueoOkyj8-01096-00285888-00286191 when we were discussing our earlier
jvEueoOkyj8-01097-00286192-00286495 discussion on say a governing equation
jvEueoOkyj8-01098-00286496-00286743 of opponent channel flow uh for unsteady
jvEueoOkyj8-01099-00286744-00286895 state we were discussing about the
jvEueoOkyj8-01100-00286896-00287110 continuity equation the continuity
jvEueoOkyj8-01101-00287111-00287367 equation that as we know it is
jvEueoOkyj8-01102-00287368-00287503 say
jvEueoOkyj8-01103-00287504-00287775 del a del t
jvEueoOkyj8-01104-00287776-00288230 plus del q del x is equal to 0 that we
jvEueoOkyj8-01105-00288231-00288423 could get and this of course we can
jvEueoOkyj8-01106-00288424-00288830 write as say del a del t plus this q if
jvEueoOkyj8-01107-00288831-00289167 it is q is written as a into v this can
jvEueoOkyj8-01108-00289168-00289319 be written as
jvEueoOkyj8-01109-00289320-00289471 say a
jvEueoOkyj8-01110-00289472-00289815 del v del x plus v
jvEueoOkyj8-01111-00289816-00290223 del a del x is equal to g2 well so here
jvEueoOkyj8-01112-00290224-00290430 i am not taking up again this
jvEueoOkyj8-01113-00290431-00290751 continuity equation that you can refer
jvEueoOkyj8-01114-00290752-00290958 or rather we will be knowing by
jvEueoOkyj8-01115-00290959-00291151 referring to our earlier classes and
jvEueoOkyj8-01116-00291152-00291239 then
jvEueoOkyj8-01117-00291240-00291519 the two governing equations are required
jvEueoOkyj8-01118-00291520-00291823 basically for solving the problem of
jvEueoOkyj8-01119-00291824-00291982 unsteady flow
jvEueoOkyj8-01120-00291983-00292127 and then one of the most popular
jvEueoOkyj8-01121-00292128-00292230 equation
jvEueoOkyj8-01122-00292231-00292391 of course continuity equation is there
jvEueoOkyj8-01123-00292392-00292654 then another equation that we take is
jvEueoOkyj8-01124-00292655-00292847 the equation of motion
jvEueoOkyj8-01125-00292848-00293158 and this can be of course uh we use
jvEueoOkyj8-01126-00293159-00293430 momentum principle or energy principle
jvEueoOkyj8-01127-00293431-00293663 to get this equation of motion and for
jvEueoOkyj8-01128-00293664-00293887 some case we use say
jvEueoOkyj8-01129-00293888-00294110 continuity and momentum equation in
jvEueoOkyj8-01130-00294111-00294310 couple for solving the problem sometimes
jvEueoOkyj8-01131-00294311-00294534 we use continuity and energy equation
jvEueoOkyj8-01132-00294535-00294751 for solving the problem depending on the
jvEueoOkyj8-01133-00294752-00295039 situation where suppose energy is energy
jvEueoOkyj8-01134-00295040-00295295 loss is there there we go for momentum
jvEueoOkyj8-01135-00295296-00295582 uh couple continuity momentum couple so
jvEueoOkyj8-01136-00295583-00295775 that way these considerations are there
jvEueoOkyj8-01137-00295776-00295951 of course in this class we are not going
jvEueoOkyj8-01138-00295952-00296151 for all those details but we will be
jvEueoOkyj8-01139-00296152-00296406 just discussing the equation of motion
jvEueoOkyj8-01140-00296407-00296727 that was given that was first deduced by
jvEueoOkyj8-01141-00296728-00297006 bharata saint-vinind and popularly known
jvEueoOkyj8-01142-00297007-00297382 this equation as saint vinant equation
jvEueoOkyj8-01143-00297383-00297727 and that is say 1879 long back this
jvEueoOkyj8-01144-00297728-00298127 equation was derived well and this is a
jvEueoOkyj8-01145-00298128-00298454 dynamic equation of unsteady flow
jvEueoOkyj8-01146-00298455-00298710 in open channel and for what condition
jvEueoOkyj8-01147-00298711-00299023 it is the cello water wave equation slow
jvEueoOkyj8-01148-00299024-00299199 water wave because that means why we are
jvEueoOkyj8-01149-00299200-00299415 giving this a similar water efficient
jvEueoOkyj8-01150-00299416-00299623 because when this equation was derived
jvEueoOkyj8-01151-00299624-00299927 this vertical acceleration
jvEueoOkyj8-01152-00299928-00300143 was considered to be negligible so
jvEueoOkyj8-01153-00300144-00300343 vertical acceleration is negligible and
jvEueoOkyj8-01154-00300344-00300487 then we should know that for what
jvEueoOkyj8-01155-00300488-00300703 condition we can apply this and
jvEueoOkyj8-01156-00300704-00300958 derivation of this equation not this
jvEueoOkyj8-01157-00300959-00301103 equation this is continuity equation
jvEueoOkyj8-01158-00301104-00301375 derivation of the equation of motion can
jvEueoOkyj8-01159-00301376-00301487 be done
jvEueoOkyj8-01160-00301488-00301782 by two approach one is energy approach
jvEueoOkyj8-01161-00301783-00301999 and another is that we can start from
jvEueoOkyj8-01162-00302000-00302191 newton's equation of
jvEueoOkyj8-01163-00302192-00302327 motion
jvEueoOkyj8-01164-00302328-00302543 so by both this approach we can have the
jvEueoOkyj8-01165-00302544-00302703 derivation and here we will be
jvEueoOkyj8-01166-00302704-00303063 discussing how by energy approach we can
jvEueoOkyj8-01167-00303064-00303463 derive the equation in a simple way okay
jvEueoOkyj8-01168-00303464-00303758 and then let us see what is the energy
jvEueoOkyj8-01169-00303759-00304127 equation say if this is the flu
jvEueoOkyj8-01170-00304128-00304391 and this is going like that
jvEueoOkyj8-01171-00304392-00304639 well
jvEueoOkyj8-01172-00304640-00304799 let me take some space because we'll
jvEueoOkyj8-01173-00304800-00304975 have to write here
jvEueoOkyj8-01174-00304976-00305319 say this is section 1 and
jvEueoOkyj8-01175-00305320-00305519 section 2. so
jvEueoOkyj8-01176-00305520-00305806 section 1 and 2
jvEueoOkyj8-01177-00305807-00305895 well
jvEueoOkyj8-01178-00305896-00306167 in this section 1 and 2 let us take a
jvEueoOkyj8-01179-00306168-00306310 small length
jvEueoOkyj8-01180-00306311-00306503 let us take a small length and let us
jvEueoOkyj8-01181-00306504-00306751 write this as say as this small let us
jvEueoOkyj8-01182-00306752-00306879 write this as
jvEueoOkyj8-01183-00306880-00307143 del x this length is
jvEueoOkyj8-01184-00307144-00307223 and
jvEueoOkyj8-01185-00307224-00307591 datum is here that time is here so this
jvEueoOkyj8-01186-00307592-00307871 depth is say z1
jvEueoOkyj8-01187-00307872-00308279 and this depth is say z2 that is the
jvEueoOkyj8-01188-00308280-00308558 elevation head up to the bait
jvEueoOkyj8-01189-00308559-00308903 and then up to this depth this is y1 we
jvEueoOkyj8-01190-00308904-00309103 are considering slope to be small that's
jvEueoOkyj8-01191-00309104-00309375 why we are not writing y1 cos theta or
jvEueoOkyj8-01192-00309376-00309519 those term we are writing straight
jvEueoOkyj8-01193-00309520-00309679 weight is y1
jvEueoOkyj8-01194-00309680-00310015 and then here this energy is v square by
jvEueoOkyj8-01195-00310016-00310310 twice z p1 square by twice c energy hit
jvEueoOkyj8-01196-00310311-00310479 up to that point
jvEueoOkyj8-01197-00310480-00310639 and then
jvEueoOkyj8-01198-00310640-00310951 here in the second section section 2
jvEueoOkyj8-01199-00310952-00311199 this is the y2
jvEueoOkyj8-01200-00311200-00311303 and
jvEueoOkyj8-01201-00311304-00311623 the v square by twice z is supposed that
jvEueoOkyj8-01202-00311624-00311775 much
jvEueoOkyj8-01203-00311776-00312151 v square by twice v2 square by twice z
jvEueoOkyj8-01204-00312152-00312319 okay
jvEueoOkyj8-01205-00312320-00312615 and then we can draw the energy gradient
jvEueoOkyj8-01206-00312616-00312830 line as this one
jvEueoOkyj8-01207-00312831-00313030 energy gradient line as this one and
jvEueoOkyj8-01208-00313031-00313423 there is definitely some energy loss
jvEueoOkyj8-01209-00313424-00313719 this we refer as so when we draw it
jvEueoOkyj8-01210-00313720-00313903 parallel to the datum then we will be
jvEueoOkyj8-01211-00313904-00314151 finding that there is a head loss and
jvEueoOkyj8-01212-00314152-00314558 this head loss we can write as hl
jvEueoOkyj8-01213-00314559-00314895 and in fact this head loss
jvEueoOkyj8-01214-00314896-00315310 is having two component one is that one
jvEueoOkyj8-01215-00315311-00315423 is that
jvEueoOkyj8-01216-00315424-00315663 it's friction loss that is known to us
jvEueoOkyj8-01217-00315664-00315839 because we did discuss about this
jvEueoOkyj8-01218-00315840-00316167 friction loss ah during our discussion
jvEueoOkyj8-01219-00316168-00316503 of ah gradually varied flow itself and
jvEueoOkyj8-01220-00316504-00316847 but here there will be another component
jvEueoOkyj8-01221-00316848-00316967 because
jvEueoOkyj8-01222-00316968-00317303 in case of unsteady flow
jvEueoOkyj8-01223-00317304-00317454 that
jvEueoOkyj8-01224-00317455-00317775 local acceleration exist local
jvEueoOkyj8-01225-00317776-00318030 acceleration exist just to recall
jvEueoOkyj8-01226-00318031-00318327 briefly say when we say v
jvEueoOkyj8-01227-00318328-00318430 then
jvEueoOkyj8-01228-00318431-00318775 it is a velocity which is a function of
jvEueoOkyj8-01229-00318776-00318975 x and d
jvEueoOkyj8-01230-00318976-00319223 of course in steady flow it become a
jvEueoOkyj8-01231-00319224-00319479 function of it it is not a function of t
jvEueoOkyj8-01232-00319480-00319679 but in unsteady flow this become a
jvEueoOkyj8-01233-00319680-00319830 function of t
jvEueoOkyj8-01234-00319831-00320087 now when we talk about so
jvEueoOkyj8-01235-00320088-00320351 this change in v say dv
jvEueoOkyj8-01236-00320352-00320727 that we can write as del v del t
jvEueoOkyj8-01237-00320728-00321303 into dt plus del v del t into
jvEueoOkyj8-01238-00321304-00321510 sorry del v del x into
jvEueoOkyj8-01239-00321511-00321887 dx del v del x into dx now if we write
jvEueoOkyj8-01240-00321888-00322110 that it is a function of x and t so if
jvEueoOkyj8-01241-00322111-00322479 we just write it as dv dt
jvEueoOkyj8-01242-00322480-00322815 dv dt then we are getting del v del t
jvEueoOkyj8-01243-00322816-00322919 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-01244-00322920-00323175 say this
jvEueoOkyj8-01245-00323176-00323519 dx dt so dx dt
jvEueoOkyj8-01246-00323520-00323639 divide into
jvEueoOkyj8-01247-00323640-00323919 del v del x and this dx dt is nothing
jvEueoOkyj8-01248-00323920-00324263 but v so now perhaps you can recall that
jvEueoOkyj8-01249-00324264-00324463 we did discuss earlier also dx dt is
jvEueoOkyj8-01250-00324464-00324871 equal to v del v del x and then
jvEueoOkyj8-01251-00324872-00325143 this is called local acceleration this
jvEueoOkyj8-01252-00325144-00325375 is called convective acceleration now in
jvEueoOkyj8-01253-00325376-00325503 case of
jvEueoOkyj8-01254-00325504-00325743 say steady flow this term is not
jvEueoOkyj8-01255-00325744-00325951 existing so
jvEueoOkyj8-01256-00325952-00326158 that problem become little simpler but
jvEueoOkyj8-01257-00326159-00326447 here we have this term so this local
jvEueoOkyj8-01258-00326448-00326751 acceleration exist local acceleration
jvEueoOkyj8-01259-00326752-00327063 exists so because acceleration is there
jvEueoOkyj8-01260-00327064-00327175 in
jvEueoOkyj8-01261-00327176-00327310 any
jvEueoOkyj8-01262-00327311-00327495 whether it is fluid or on a solid body
jvEueoOkyj8-01263-00327496-00327695 if acceleration is there that is a mass
jvEueoOkyj8-01264-00327696-00327927 moving and that mass is having some
jvEueoOkyj8-01265-00327928-00328151 acceleration means some
jvEueoOkyj8-01266-00328152-00328375 force is being utilized to have that
jvEueoOkyj8-01267-00328376-00328543 acceleration otherwise that acceleration
jvEueoOkyj8-01268-00328544-00328839 will not be there so some force is being
jvEueoOkyj8-01269-00328840-00329023 utilized to have this acceleration and
jvEueoOkyj8-01270-00329024-00329191 when some force is being utilized and
jvEueoOkyj8-01271-00329192-00329351 things are moving
jvEueoOkyj8-01272-00329352-00329654 then there must be some work done force
jvEueoOkyj8-01273-00329655-00329854 is applied and it is moving so some
jvEueoOkyj8-01274-00329855-00330071 distance has been moved so some work
jvEueoOkyj8-01275-00330072-00330271 done will be there and some work done is
jvEueoOkyj8-01276-00330272-00330567 there means some energy loss is there so
jvEueoOkyj8-01277-00330568-00330782 we can say that in this sort of flow
jvEueoOkyj8-01278-00330783-00331119 there is two type of loss one is h f
jvEueoOkyj8-01279-00331120-00331391 another is h a
jvEueoOkyj8-01280-00331392-00331623 so this two loss will be there this h a
jvEueoOkyj8-01281-00331624-00331751 is say
jvEueoOkyj8-01282-00331752-00332063 x loss due to acceleration well now if
jvEueoOkyj8-01283-00332064-00332606 we write the energy equation so writing
jvEueoOkyj8-01284-00332607-00333039 energy equation
jvEueoOkyj8-01285-00333040-00333319 between
jvEueoOkyj8-01286-00333320-00333487 say one and
jvEueoOkyj8-01287-00333488-00333582 two
jvEueoOkyj8-01288-00333583-00333775 between one and two
jvEueoOkyj8-01289-00333776-00334239 what we can have
jvEueoOkyj8-01290-00334240-00334463 between one and two this we can write
jvEueoOkyj8-01291-00334464-00334839 say z one plus y one plus
jvEueoOkyj8-01292-00334840-00335127 p1 square by twice z
jvEueoOkyj8-01293-00335128-00335615 is equal to z2 plus y2 plus v2 square by
jvEueoOkyj8-01294-00335616-00335767 twice z
jvEueoOkyj8-01295-00335768-00335887 plus
jvEueoOkyj8-01296-00335888-00336791 hl well plus hl or say you can say loss
jvEueoOkyj8-01297-00336792-00336895 loss
jvEueoOkyj8-01298-00336896-00337095 h l okay
jvEueoOkyj8-01299-00337096-00337358 now this loss as i have explained
jvEueoOkyj8-01300-00337359-00337671 that let me write here say loss
jvEueoOkyj8-01301-00337672-00337999 hl is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-01302-00338000-00338399 say friction loss
jvEueoOkyj8-01303-00338400-00338558 friction loss
jvEueoOkyj8-01304-00338559-00338806 that we write as hf
jvEueoOkyj8-01305-00338807-00338967 and plus
jvEueoOkyj8-01306-00338968-00339327 the acceleration loss acceleration loss
jvEueoOkyj8-01307-00339328-00339527 that is say h a
jvEueoOkyj8-01308-00339528-00339782 so our expression become now of course
jvEueoOkyj8-01309-00339783-00339999 in this loss term we need to put these
jvEueoOkyj8-01310-00340000-00340334 two so this is equivalent to s f plus h
jvEueoOkyj8-01311-00340335-00340534 already we have written here now we need
jvEueoOkyj8-01312-00340535-00340887 to have an expression for these two so h
jvEueoOkyj8-01313-00340888-00341191 l is equal to we know that it is h f
jvEueoOkyj8-01314-00341192-00341558 plus h a now how we can get the
jvEueoOkyj8-01315-00341559-00341695 s f
jvEueoOkyj8-01316-00341696-00342047 because friction slope we know that sf
jvEueoOkyj8-01317-00342048-00342127 if
jvEueoOkyj8-01318-00342128-00342471 friction slope is sf if friction slope
jvEueoOkyj8-01319-00342472-00342647 is
jvEueoOkyj8-01320-00342648-00342799 say sf
jvEueoOkyj8-01321-00342800-00342991 then we know that
jvEueoOkyj8-01322-00342992-00343263 hf that is friction loss
jvEueoOkyj8-01323-00343264-00343423 divided by
jvEueoOkyj8-01324-00343424-00343687 delta x delta x
jvEueoOkyj8-01325-00343688-00344039 is equal to sf or we can say that sf the
jvEueoOkyj8-01326-00344040-00344382 slope into distance sf into this delta x
jvEueoOkyj8-01327-00344383-00344695 will give us the h so friction slope may
jvEueoOkyj8-01328-00344696-00344799 be this
jvEueoOkyj8-01329-00344800-00345078 like that and we can have sf up to
jvEueoOkyj8-01330-00345079-00345230 certain point
jvEueoOkyj8-01331-00345231-00345406 hf
jvEueoOkyj8-01332-00345407-00345799 and then this slope is actually sf
jvEueoOkyj8-01333-00345800-00346095 and then other part of loss is due to
jvEueoOkyj8-01334-00346096-00346206 say
jvEueoOkyj8-01335-00346207-00346327 this
jvEueoOkyj8-01336-00346328-00346599 acceleration so that is clear to us that
jvEueoOkyj8-01337-00346600-00346806 we have discussed earlier also so in
jvEueoOkyj8-01338-00346807-00346934 place of
jvEueoOkyj8-01339-00346935-00347230 sf by delta x or sorry in place of asaf
jvEueoOkyj8-01340-00347231-00347534 we can write that as f is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-01341-00347535-00347839 s f into delta x
jvEueoOkyj8-01342-00347840-00347919 well
jvEueoOkyj8-01343-00347920-00348039 now
jvEueoOkyj8-01344-00348040-00348351 that so for our next acceleration lost
jvEueoOkyj8-01345-00348352-00348647 is there how we can calculate that
jvEueoOkyj8-01346-00348648-00348767 that
jvEueoOkyj8-01347-00348768-00349191 so acceleration
jvEueoOkyj8-01348-00349192-00349495 del v del t local acceleration del v del
jvEueoOkyj8-01349-00349496-00349758 t exist here
jvEueoOkyj8-01350-00349759-00350015 so if this is the acceleration
jvEueoOkyj8-01351-00350016-00350327 then if this is the acceleration then
jvEueoOkyj8-01352-00350328-00350567 the
jvEueoOkyj8-01353-00350568-00350647 mass
jvEueoOkyj8-01354-00350648-00350847 suppose if we consider that unit weight
jvEueoOkyj8-01355-00350848-00351015 of fluid
jvEueoOkyj8-01356-00351016-00351119 unit
jvEueoOkyj8-01357-00351120-00351567 weight of fluid
jvEueoOkyj8-01358-00351568-00351791 then
jvEueoOkyj8-01359-00351792-00351967 mass is
jvEueoOkyj8-01360-00351968-00352103 equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-01361-00352104-00352239 say
jvEueoOkyj8-01362-00352240-00352367 weight by
jvEueoOkyj8-01363-00352368-00352599 actually weight
jvEueoOkyj8-01364-00352600-00352727 by the
jvEueoOkyj8-01365-00352728-00353030 g so this is here as our weight is equal
jvEueoOkyj8-01366-00353031-00353399 to 1 so this is equal to 1 by g
jvEueoOkyj8-01367-00353400-00353743 and force
jvEueoOkyj8-01368-00353744-00354078 utilized forced utilized to produce this
jvEueoOkyj8-01369-00354079-00354282 acceleration force
jvEueoOkyj8-01370-00354283-00354510 utilized to
jvEueoOkyj8-01371-00354511-00354671 produced
jvEueoOkyj8-01372-00354672-00354854 to produce
jvEueoOkyj8-01373-00354855-00355158 this acceleration
jvEueoOkyj8-01374-00355159-00355519 that is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-01375-00355520-00355671 mass
jvEueoOkyj8-01376-00355672-00355999 into acceleration mass into acceleration
jvEueoOkyj8-01377-00356000-00356343 so that we can write as 1 by z
jvEueoOkyj8-01378-00356344-00356447 into
jvEueoOkyj8-01379-00356448-00356575 del v
jvEueoOkyj8-01380-00356576-00356710 delta t
jvEueoOkyj8-01381-00356711-00356919 so this is what the
jvEueoOkyj8-01382-00356920-00357103 force required
jvEueoOkyj8-01383-00357104-00357254 a force utilized
jvEueoOkyj8-01384-00357255-00357487 then this forces work for how much
jvEueoOkyj8-01385-00357488-00357782 distance this force is working and then
jvEueoOkyj8-01386-00357783-00358039 acceleration is being uh
jvEueoOkyj8-01387-00358040-00358278 there and then the fluid is moving this
jvEueoOkyj8-01388-00358279-00358567 mass is moving from here to here so the
jvEueoOkyj8-01389-00358568-00358847 distance of say delta x it is being
jvEueoOkyj8-01390-00358848-00359127 moving so what is the work done and
jvEueoOkyj8-01391-00359128-00359310 distance move
jvEueoOkyj8-01392-00359311-00359495 distance
jvEueoOkyj8-01393-00359496-00359823 moved
jvEueoOkyj8-01394-00359824-00359903 by
jvEueoOkyj8-01395-00359904-00360103 this unit
jvEueoOkyj8-01396-00360104-00360327 mass by this unit weight order by this
jvEueoOkyj8-01397-00360328-00360615 unit weight of fluid
jvEueoOkyj8-01398-00360616-00360743 is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-01399-00360744-00360982 delta x that is what we are considering
jvEueoOkyj8-01400-00360983-00361103 therefore
jvEueoOkyj8-01401-00361104-00361406 the work done how much work is being
jvEueoOkyj8-01402-00361407-00361775 done work done is equal to 1 by g
jvEueoOkyj8-01403-00361776-00361975 del v del t
jvEueoOkyj8-01404-00361976-00362095 into
jvEueoOkyj8-01405-00362096-00362495 del x del v del t into del x well so
jvEueoOkyj8-01406-00362496-00362678 this is the work done and what this work
jvEueoOkyj8-01407-00362679-00362958 done is that is the energy
jvEueoOkyj8-01408-00362959-00363375 loss energy loss so energy loss is equal
jvEueoOkyj8-01409-00363376-00363663 to that means 1 by g
jvEueoOkyj8-01410-00363664-00363934 del v del t into
jvEueoOkyj8-01411-00363935-00364287 delta x so finally how we can write the
jvEueoOkyj8-01412-00364288-00364399 head loss
jvEueoOkyj8-01413-00364400-00364671 so this this energy loss is nothing but
jvEueoOkyj8-01414-00364672-00364823 h8
jvEueoOkyj8-01415-00364824-00365039 so this energy loss due to acceleration
jvEueoOkyj8-01416-00365040-00365310 that is the work done due to produce
jvEueoOkyj8-01417-00365311-00365534 that acceleration and that is the energy
jvEueoOkyj8-01418-00365535-00365791 loss we can write like that therefore so
jvEueoOkyj8-01419-00365792-00366127 what we can write that heat loss hl
jvEueoOkyj8-01420-00366128-00366375 is equal to
jvEueoOkyj8-01421-00366376-00366815 sf what we can write as f plus h a okay
jvEueoOkyj8-01422-00366816-00366975 asap plus h
jvEueoOkyj8-01423-00366976-00367223 and that asap we can write
jvEueoOkyj8-01424-00367224-00367391 sf into
jvEueoOkyj8-01425-00367392-00367534 delta x
jvEueoOkyj8-01426-00367535-00367775 and then this h a we can write that is
jvEueoOkyj8-01427-00367776-00368054 the acceleration loss 1 by z
jvEueoOkyj8-01428-00368055-00368319 then del v del t into
jvEueoOkyj8-01429-00368320-00368558 delta x
jvEueoOkyj8-01430-00368559-00368815 so putting this value of h
jvEueoOkyj8-01431-00368816-00368927 l
jvEueoOkyj8-01432-00368928-00369134 in our equation
jvEueoOkyj8-01433-00369135-00369367 of energy this one
jvEueoOkyj8-01434-00369368-00369758 then we can get a simplified expression
jvEueoOkyj8-01435-00369759-00369919 and then manipulating with that
jvEueoOkyj8-01436-00369920-00370119 expression finally we will be able to
jvEueoOkyj8-01437-00370120-00370415 derive equation of motion
jvEueoOkyj8-01438-00370416-00370527 and that
jvEueoOkyj8-01439-00370528-00370806 will be doing in our next class
jvEueoOkyj8-01440-00370807-00370975 and then from that we will be also
jvEueoOkyj8-01441-00370976-00371215 trying to see how this equation can be
jvEueoOkyj8-01442-00371216-00371495 solved and then by solving this equation
jvEueoOkyj8-01443-00371496-00371830 how we can get solution to our real life
jvEueoOkyj8-01444-00371831-00372095 problem of open channel flow so thank
jvEueoOkyj8-01445-00372096-00374471 you very much
jvEueoOkyj8-01446-00374472-00374679 you
jvIfSGojEQM-00000-00000441-00001253 [Music]
jvIfSGojEQM-00001-00001254-00001750 [Music]
jvIfSGojEQM-00002-00001751-00002048 Avianca is a very special competition
jvIfSGojEQM-00003-00002049-00002339 for me not because I love so much rubber
jvIfSGojEQM-00004-00002340-00002920 section but because I'm out touch Canyon
jvIfSGojEQM-00005-00002921-00003361 it will be special because you hear a
jvIfSGojEQM-00006-00003363-00003676 lot of people screaming in Italian Shh
jvIfSGojEQM-00007-00003677-00004006 it's been on a man's calendar for a long
jvIfSGojEQM-00008-00004007-00004211 time and only since a few years for the
jvIfSGojEQM-00009-00004212-00004370 women which is really nice that we are
jvIfSGojEQM-00010-00004371-00004694 getting to race in as well a really
jvIfSGojEQM-00011-00004695-00004994 special race for women cycling with all
jvIfSGojEQM-00012-00004995-00005395 the gravel sections now as soon as they
jvIfSGojEQM-00013-00005396-00005576 started to introduce gravel races in the
jvIfSGojEQM-00014-00005577-00005902 calendar I was really excited because I
jvIfSGojEQM-00015-00005903-00006224 when I'm home I love to train on gravel
jvIfSGojEQM-00016-00006225-00006587 road and I think it's just an epic race
jvIfSGojEQM-00017-00006588-00006803 there's no point where you can rest you
jvIfSGojEQM-00018-00006804-00006973 always have to invest a lot to be a
jvIfSGojEQM-00019-00006975-00007181 two-prong then you have to concentrate
jvIfSGojEQM-00020-00007181-00007458 really from kilometer zero till the end
jvIfSGojEQM-00021-00007459-00008516 [Music]
jvIfSGojEQM-00022-00008517-00008799 every time you go into a gravel sector
jvIfSGojEQM-00023-00008800-00008978 and even when you're in the gravel
jvIfSGojEQM-00024-00008979-00009146 sector you just tell yourself okay if
jvIfSGojEQM-00025-00009147-00009932 the bike goes like my body goes
jvIfSGojEQM-00026-00009933-00010641 [Music]
jvIfSGojEQM-00027-00010642-00010911 yeah you gotta be ready and you're gonna
jvIfSGojEQM-00028-00010912-00011082 need some speed it's like with the
jvIfSGojEQM-00029-00011083-00011270 cobbles you need speed to go over it and
jvIfSGojEQM-00030-00011271-00011556 you should be in control of your bike I
jvIfSGojEQM-00031-00011557-00011913 think a lot of it really will come the
jvIfSGojEQM-00032-00011914-00012087 moments before the gravel sections are
jvIfSGojEQM-00033-00012088-00012279 really hectic yeah everyone wants to be
jvIfSGojEQM-00034-00012280-00012429 in the front it's like like a sprint
jvIfSGojEQM-00035-00012430-00012636 lead out it's like there's the finish
jvIfSGojEQM-00036-00012637-00012810 line and everyone goes for a sprint or
jvIfSGojEQM-00037-00012811-00013488 something maybe it's better when you
jvIfSGojEQM-00038-00013488-00013686 came into the gravel sector because it's
jvIfSGojEQM-00039-00013687-00014097 their first nervous moment is finished
jvIfSGojEQM-00040-00014097-00014271 and then you have only to pull
jvIfSGojEQM-00041-00014272-00014977 [Music]
jvIfSGojEQM-00042-00014978-00015301 the one that I prefers to when you're in
jvIfSGojEQM-00043-00015302-00015550 the gravel it's in the gravel that is
jvIfSGojEQM-00044-00015551-00016150 the most fun because so hard you also
jvIfSGojEQM-00045-00016151-00016414 need a little bit of luck because a lot
jvIfSGojEQM-00046-00016415-00016708 of riders already had a flat tires the
jvIfSGojEQM-00047-00016709-00016921 gravel is dry this year it's loose so
jvIfSGojEQM-00048-00016922-00017197 you really have to be careful or so in
jvIfSGojEQM-00049-00017198-00017503 cornering I really didn't like the
jvIfSGojEQM-00050-00017504-00017767 moment just before the gravel as soon as
jvIfSGojEQM-00051-00017768-00018043 I hit the gravel I liked it but I also
jvIfSGojEQM-00052-00018044-00018226 have to admit as soon as I hit the road
jvIfSGojEQM-00053-00018227-00018496 again it's also a nice feeling yeah when
jvIfSGojEQM-00054-00018497-00018694 I get the tarmac under my wheels again
jvIfSGojEQM-00055-00018695-00018961 and you can like relax for a second
jvIfSGojEQM-00056-00018962-00019111 still this racing going on and you have
jvIfSGojEQM-00057-00019112-00019377 to be attention cool but still the
jvIfSGojEQM-00058-00019378-00019660 danger of slipping or crashing is a
jvIfSGojEQM-00059-00019661-00021460 little bit less thing
jvIfSGojEQM-00060-00021461-00022977 [Music]
jvIfSGojEQM-00061-00022978-00023475 I became professional cyclist in 2012
jvIfSGojEQM-00062-00023476-00023891 and from that moment I can see a really
jvIfSGojEQM-00063-00023892-00024201 improvement of women's cycling the most
jvIfSGojEQM-00064-00024202-00024531 important thing is the visibility
jvIfSGojEQM-00065-00024532-00024900 because it's impossible to to be loved
jvIfSGojEQM-00066-00024901-00025199 by people if they can see you
jvIfSGojEQM-00067-00025200-00025451 women's I can go a long way already and
jvIfSGojEQM-00068-00025452-00025757 but there's still a long way ahead of us
jvIfSGojEQM-00069-00025758-00026283 it's important from ala to try to get a
jvIfSGojEQM-00070-00026283-00026508 good message and make people understand
jvIfSGojEQM-00071-00026508-00026841 that this part is a good one and we put
jvIfSGojEQM-00072-00026842-00027098 a lot of passion in what we are doing
jvIfSGojEQM-00073-00027099-00027594 but I think on TV we could improve still
jvIfSGojEQM-00074-00027595-00027894 a little bit and I think it's a nice
jvIfSGojEQM-00075-00027895-00028164 combination to have the races with the
jvIfSGojEQM-00076-00028164-00028404 men together like on the same day or on
jvIfSGojEQM-00077-00028405-00028644 the same weekend because then we we get
jvIfSGojEQM-00078-00028645-00028854 the spectators from the from the mans
jvIfSGojEQM-00079-00028855-00029160 because they they go and want to see the
jvIfSGojEQM-00080-00029161-00029333 man but at the same time they're gonna
jvIfSGojEQM-00081-00029335-00029477 see the woman and then maybe they get
jvIfSGojEQM-00082-00029479-00029643 inspired and they see oh wow we actually
jvIfSGojEQM-00083-00029644-00029714 do the same
jvIfSGojEQM-00084-00029714-00029835 [Music]
jvIfSGojEQM-00085-00029836-00030067 [Applause]
jvIfSGojEQM-00086-00030068-00030430 it seems like really doing a massive job
jvIfSGojEQM-00087-00030431-00030832 in social media so I think we really
jvIfSGojEQM-00088-00030833-00031051 like to inspire a lot of people and we
jvIfSGojEQM-00089-00031052-00031237 are a team with so many girls from
jvIfSGojEQM-00090-00031238-00031405 different countries but yet we are still
jvIfSGojEQM-00091-00031406-00031669 a great group and I think that the
jvIfSGojEQM-00092-00031670-00031876 mixture of everything just makes it and
jvIfSGojEQM-00093-00031877-00032161 also because we are so spread out we can
jvIfSGojEQM-00094-00032162-00032329 reach a lot of people out there and also
jvIfSGojEQM-00095-00032330-00033335 a lot of girls who hopefully I think it
jvIfSGojEQM-00096-00033336-00033601 the sport is moving towards gravel I
jvIfSGojEQM-00097-00033602-00033929 mean for the normal people it's so much
jvIfSGojEQM-00098-00033930-00034207 more a safer and I mean it's it for sure
jvIfSGojEQM-00099-00034208-00034451 it is more fun like because cycling is
jvIfSGojEQM-00100-00034452-00034663 not just about the Watson the numbers
jvIfSGojEQM-00101-00034664-00034892 and everything calculated and you
jvIfSGojEQM-00102-00034893-00035135 definitely can't calculate when you have
jvIfSGojEQM-00103-00035136-00035395 gravel sectors because there is no
jvIfSGojEQM-00104-00035396-00035660 science that can predict what's going to
jvIfSGojEQM-00105-00035661-00035840 happen in those roads
jvIfSGojEQM-00106-00035841-00036364 [Music]
jvIfSGojEQM-00107-00036365-00036677 [Applause]
jvIfSGojEQM-00108-00036678-00036990 [Music]
jvIfSGojEQM-00109-00036991-00037346 [Applause]
jvIfSGojEQM-00110-00037347-00037482 [Music]
jvIfSGojEQM-00111-00037483-00038623 you
jvIfSGojEQM-00112-00038624-00038830 you
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00000-00002213-00002774 hi I have an idea for a video game or a
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00001-00002775-00002963 video game mechanic the core mechanic of
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00002-00002964-00003245 a video game and I've had a really hard
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00003-00003246-00003599 time explaining it I feel like I have
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00004-00003600-00004031 maybe a way of explaining it that's new
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00005-00004032-00004388 and maybe makes more sense so I decided
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00006-00004389-00004582 I haven't done a blog a little bit I'm
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00007-00004583-00004961 gonna do it in the form of a key book so
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00008-00004962-00005129 I guess this is a key pitch instead of
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00009-00005130-00005702 an elevator pitch um so I like
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00010-00005703-00005911 time-travel stories I think a lot of
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00011-00005912-00006511 people do and a lot of time travel video
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00012-00006512-00007102 games don't hit that thing don't hit one
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00013-00007103-00007370 of my favorite parts of a time travel
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00014-00007370-00007745 story which is the interaction between
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00015-00007745-00008074 the time traveler and the time traveler
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00016-00008075-00008713 so like in a lot of video games
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00017-00008714-00009185 you do a thing and you press a button
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00018-00009186-00009535 and then there is a mannequin who does
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00019-00009536-00009853 the thing that you did over and over
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00020-00009854-00010294 again whether or not that makes sense
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00021-00010295-00010705 whether or not that's even possible and
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00022-00010706-00010846 fine
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00023-00010847-00011087 and a lot of other time travel games
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00024-00011088-00011760 it's like go back in time to 1863 and
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00025-00011761-00012281 change some key moments in history which
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00026-00012282-00012847 is also cool but here's like the
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00027-00012848-00013162 scenario that I thought of that's like
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00028-00013163-00013559 the thing I want to be able like the
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00029-00013560-00013900 thing I want someone to be able to do in
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00030-00013901-00014272 the game that I have a mechanic to let
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00031-00014273-00014812 them do that I don't think I've seen
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00032-00014813-00015385 here is a locked door your future self
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00033-00015386-00015677 opens the locked door and lets you
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00034-00015678-00015896 through now that you are on the other
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00035-00015897-00016124 side of the lock door you go back in
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00036-00016125-00016490 time and become that future self and now
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00037-00016491-00016721 you open the door and your past self
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00038-00016722-00017345 walks through that door is only open if
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00039-00017346-00017711 your future self opened it and your past
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00040-00017712-00017996 self can only walk through the door if
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00041-00017997-00018290 your future self open it but your future
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00042-00018291-00018704 self can only open the door if they get
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00043-00018705-00019244 through what I'm imagining here is time
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00044-00019245-00020280 travel as a journey from
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00045-00020281-00020708 now to whatever time point you set in
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00046-00020709-00021035 the past that needs you
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00047-00021036-00021760 wherever you were now but then so if I
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00048-00021761-00022030 can travel back to the beginning of this
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00049-00022031-00022483 video then I'd be down here when I hit
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00050-00022484-00022769 start on the recording instead of being
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00051-00022770-00023015 upstairs in my room getting mighty stuff
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00052-00023016-00023080 together
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00053-00023081-00023807 if I turn travels if if yeah I mean that
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00054-00023808-00024194 that kind of sums it up it's location it
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00055-00024195-00024530 is you pick a time and then you go to a
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00056-00024531-00024872 location and that is how you get to a
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00057-00024873-00025200 specific location at a specific time is
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00058-00025201-00025571 you said now's the time that the time
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00059-00025572-00026000 travel is going to aim at and then found
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00060-00026001-00026300 the place that you wanted to go and that
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00061-00026301-00026620 gives you your time point and your
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00062-00026622-00026851 location
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00063-00026852-00027455 so without the future self without that
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00064-00027456-00027776 thread of the person came back in time
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00065-00027777-00028187 inside the locked building to open the
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00066-00028188-00028481 door the past self couldn't get into the
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00067-00028482-00028880 building and without the past self the
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00068-00028881-00029089 future self would be in the building to
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00069-00029091-00029444 open the door and that's what I want to
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00070-00029445-00029867 create and my idea for creating it is
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00071-00029868-00030336 basically
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00072-00030337-00030601 that you can be playing one of these
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00073-00030602-00031282 threads or both of these threats so in
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00074-00031283-00031561 the video game what you would do is you
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00075-00031562-00031777 would make your time point and you would
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00076-00031777-00031999 find some other way into the building
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00077-00032000-00032320 and go back and that would be your
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00078-00032320-00032647 initial passive thread and now you have
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00079-00032648-00032863 a future thread that starts in the
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00080-00032864-00033199 building you open the door you let your
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00081-00033200-00033523 past self through and then you replay
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00082-00033524-00033799 the past thread you will place that past
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00083-00033800-00033952 thread where you broke a window around
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00084-00033953-00034168 the corner with a past thread where you
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00085-00034169-00034369 just walked through the door and now you
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00086-00034370-00034581 have a consistent timeline where
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00087-00034582-00034906 magically you walked through a door that
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00088-00034907-00035062 was only open cuz you already walked
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00089-00035063-00036039 through the door so the main reason why
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00090-00036040-00036379 the main reason why I wanted to make
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00091-00036380-00036850 this mark today why I wanted to talk
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00092-00036851-00037231 about this game today is because what do
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00093-00037232-00037591 you do with this day mechanic what some
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00094-00037592-00037759 fun things to do what are some
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00095-00037760-00038118 challenges what is the magic tricks that
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00096-00038119-00038488 come out at the end of the construction
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00097-00038489-00038856 of a time loop that has some really
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00098-00038857-00039388 gorgeous shenanigans that you had to
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00099-00039389-00040065 pull off in order to put a end of one of
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00100-00040066-00040471 your time friends in the right place to
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00101-00040472-00040909 hop back and flip the switch that how
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00102-00040910-00041122 did you get there you got there because
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00103-00041123-00041392 you flipped the switch what are some
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00104-00041393-00041608 things you can do and that's what I'd
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00105-00041609-00041950 like to know I'd um I'd like to know if
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00106-00041951-00042340 anyone else thinks that a game built
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00107-00042341-00042670 around creating stable time loops is a
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00108-00042671-00043018 cool idea I'd like to know some of the
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00109-00043019-00043270 things that would be fun to try to do in
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00110-00043271-00043426 that game
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00111-00043427-00044562 like I have about a third or half of a
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00112-00044563-00044902 set up for the game but I don't have a
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00113-00044903-00045139 game I don't have a story I don't have a
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00114-00045140-00045730 goal so I think a starting point is what
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00115-00045731-00046012 do you do in a game about making stable
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00116-00046013-00046192 time loops what are things that you can
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00117-00046193-00046524 do and I think a core part of the game
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00118-00046525-00046798 mechanics that I want to implement is
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00119-00046799-00047371 this idea of paradoxes like if you erase
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00120-00047372-00047668 that like if you redo that read
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00121-00047669-00047839 where you open the girl for your past
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00122-00047840-00048237 self and don't open the door then BAM
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00123-00048238-00048624 paradox happens the new thread you were
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00124-00048625-00049018 trying to build unravels you're stuck
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00125-00049019-00049504 with the old friends that you had so
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00126-00049505-00050452 like what do you so like the goal of the
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00127-00050453-00050889 game is to make those paradox free
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00128-00050890-00051574 tangles of time that are that are a part
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00129-00051575-00052801 of stories like come the door into
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00130-00052802-00053044 summer which is creepy storing and that
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00131-00053045-00053386 like I mention it by Robert a Heinlein
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00132-00053387-00054091 or 12 monkeys is 12 monkeys the one with
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00133-00054091-00054651 Bruce Willis or like the joke was in
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00134-00054652-00054879 Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure where
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00135-00054880-00055111 they just didn't finish the other part
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00136-00055112-00055257 of time cuz they'd already done it
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00137-00055258-00055438 therefore do they really need to do it
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00138-00055439-00056225 now um yeah
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00139-00056226-00056507 I want to make a game that's about
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00140-00056508-00056960 making stable time loops that is about
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00141-00056961-00057749 making a machine where being able to do
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00142-00057750-00057995 the thing depends on having already done
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00143-00057996-00058478 the thing and I as I've tried to explain
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00144-00058479-00058661 I have an idea for it
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00145-00058662-00059090 and I want to know if it makes sense and
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00146-00059091-00059450 I want to know what are some things that
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00147-00059451-00059795 I can do with this idea that would be
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00148-00059796-00060323 fun so I'll stop rambling and thank you
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00149-00060324-00060578 if if you have any ideas thank you very
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00150-00060579-00060800 much if if it doesn't make sense
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00151-00060801-00061013 thank you very much let me know I really
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00152-00061014-00061265 appreciate knowing because I need to
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00153-00061266-00061528 figure out how to make this make sense
jxvv2Ukd3Kc-00154-00061529-00061838 thank you
jybngPEy2WQ-00000-00000023-00000260 here at SeaWorld Orlando we just
jybngPEy2WQ-00001-00000261-00000559 received a young orphaned female Manitou
jybngPEy2WQ-00002-00000560-00000808 calf that was rescued by FWC in the
jybngPEy2WQ-00003-00000809-00001064 Satellite Beach area upon arrival we
jybngPEy2WQ-00004-00001065-00001216 obtained some measurements some
jybngPEy2WQ-00005-00001217-00001408 diagnostic samples and then we
jybngPEy2WQ-00006-00001409-00001577 immediately provided some fluid and
jybngPEy2WQ-00007-00001578-00001768 nutritional support and from here we
jybngPEy2WQ-00008-00001769-00001934 will continue a 24-hour watch on this
jybngPEy2WQ-00009-00001935-00002190 animal
jybngPEy2WQ-00010-00002191-00002466 Cyril also just received a mother and
jybngPEy2WQ-00011-00002467-00002709 calf pair that was rescued by FWC from
jybngPEy2WQ-00012-00002710-00002901 Ormond Beach recently the mother was
jybngPEy2WQ-00013-00002902-00003138 believed to be a watercraft injury and
jybngPEy2WQ-00014-00003139-00003303 we are currently providing medical care
jybngPEy2WQ-00015-00003304-00003465 for her as well as nutritional support
jybngPEy2WQ-00016-00003465-00003678 and both mom and calf are doing well in
jybngPEy2WQ-00017-00003679-00004142 one of our rehabilitation pools
jybngPEy2WQ-00018-00004143-00004349 you
jz5oLkNvY5I-00000-00000459-00000755 so it was everything what excellent I'm
jz5oLkNvY5I-00001-00000756-00000977 really grateful with you with whether or
jz5oLkNvY5I-00002-00000978-00001311 not you're a stock we are like you back
jz5oLkNvY5I-00003-00001312-00001710 here with movies and I think everything
jz5oLkNvY5I-00004-00001711-00002088 is going to be but I wanna do my best so
jz5oLkNvY5I-00005-00002089-00002274 that we can keep coming here and visit
jz5oLkNvY5I-00006-00002275-00002513 in the public a very good project thank
jz5oLkNvY5I-00007-00002514-00002763 you for everything
j_zXyepDf-A-00000-00000532-00000836 [Music]
j_zXyepDf-A-00001-00000836-00001921 [Applause]
j_zXyepDf-A-00002-00001922-00002324 [Music]
j_zXyepDf-A-00003-00002325-00002709 [Applause]
j_zXyepDf-A-00004-00002710-00005338 [Music]
j_zXyepDf-A-00005-00005339-00005546 [Applause]
j_zXyepDf-A-00006-00005547-00007083 [Music]
j_zXyepDf-A-00007-00007084-00007556 so
j_zXyepDf-A-00009-00012684-00013318 so
j_zXyepDf-A-00011-00018831-00018852 [Applause]
j_zXyepDf-A-00013-00023215-00023423 you
j_OTbRDRYC0-00000-00000059-00000286 so what is a research question a
j_OTbRDRYC0-00001-00000287-00000503 research question is simply a question
j_OTbRDRYC0-00002-00000504-00000638 with an answer long enough to meet the
j_OTbRDRYC0-00003-00000639-00000865 requirements of your paper a good
j_OTbRDRYC0-00004-00000866-00001024 research question can't be answered by
j_OTbRDRYC0-00005-00001025-00001244 an encyclopedia but also doesn't require
j_OTbRDRYC0-00006-00001245-00001486 an entire book to answer it can't be
j_OTbRDRYC0-00007-00001487-00001691 answered by simple yes-or-no and it's
j_OTbRDRYC0-00008-00001692-00001823 broad enough that someone has already
j_OTbRDRYC0-00009-00001823-00002084 done some research on it
j_OTbRDRYC0-00010-00002085-00002317 your research question is not the same
j_OTbRDRYC0-00011-00002318-00002537 as your topic I'm going to repeat this
j_OTbRDRYC0-00012-00002538-00002720 for emphasis since it is very important
j_OTbRDRYC0-00013-00002721-00002974 your research question is not the same
j_OTbRDRYC0-00014-00002975-00003281 thing as your topic
jAw_4H8fxQM-00000-00000000-00000054 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00001-00000055-00000098 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00002-00000099-00000437 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00003-00000438-00001067 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00004-00001068-00001454 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00005-00001455-00001926 bye
jAw_4H8fxQM-00006-00001927-00002378 foreign
jAw_4H8fxQM-00007-00002379-00004407 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00008-00004408-00005646 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00009-00005647-00005714 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00010-00005715-00007006 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00011-00007008-00007303 um
jAw_4H8fxQM-00012-00007304-00007583 this is messages last night
jAw_4H8fxQM-00013-00007584-00007910 actually he just walking right now
jAw_4H8fxQM-00014-00007911-00008231 because chloe's so long of course yes
jAw_4H8fxQM-00015-00008232-00008503 do you know where his office
jAw_4H8fxQM-00016-00008504-00008623 you is
jAw_4H8fxQM-00017-00008624-00008791 you have to wait for me no worries i'll
jAw_4H8fxQM-00018-00008792-00008967 be waiting out here don't take longer
jAw_4H8fxQM-00019-00008968-00009371 i'm waiting for you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00020-00009372-00010076 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00021-00010077-00010641 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00022-00010642-00011170 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00023-00011171-00012135 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00024-00012136-00012335 office hours to wait to ask our
jAw_4H8fxQM-00025-00012336-00012646 questions why are you here
jAw_4H8fxQM-00026-00012647-00012935 i'm here to plead with you to please
jAw_4H8fxQM-00027-00012936-00013247 come back with you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00028-00013247-00013399 do you know that is yours have you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00029-00013400-00013599 forgotten that you said you have to pay
jAw_4H8fxQM-00030-00013600-00013735 the mortgage before you brought me from
jAw_4H8fxQM-00031-00013736-00013881 the islam of
jAw_4H8fxQM-00032-00013882-00014127 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00033-00014128-00014311 when all africa trust came out of my
jAw_4H8fxQM-00034-00014312-00014463 mouth
jAw_4H8fxQM-00035-00014463-00014647 i'm sorry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00036-00014647-00014903 i just wanted to forgive me for all the
jAw_4H8fxQM-00037-00014904-00015263 wrong rules i've said to you please
jAw_4H8fxQM-00038-00015263-00015455 please at least you should have a lot of
jAw_4H8fxQM-00039-00015456-00015750 work to do maybe if i walk long enough
jAw_4H8fxQM-00040-00015751-00015886 i'll be able to buy a house that can
jAw_4H8fxQM-00041-00015887-00015981 boast up to
jAw_4H8fxQM-00042-00015982-00016311 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00043-00016312-00016527 you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00044-00016528-00016622 ah
jAw_4H8fxQM-00045-00016623-00016775 love
jAw_4H8fxQM-00046-00016776-00016932 what is
jAw_4H8fxQM-00047-00016933-00017239 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00048-00017240-00017463 you say you love me
jAw_4H8fxQM-00049-00017464-00017639 but you said you will cut the police on
jAw_4H8fxQM-00050-00017640-00017886 me you will make me wrong again
jAw_4H8fxQM-00051-00017887-00018111 you stipulated and made me mislead all
jAw_4H8fxQM-00052-00018112-00018431 my life
jAw_4H8fxQM-00053-00018432-00019703 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00054-00019704-00019903 or stop lying
jAw_4H8fxQM-00055-00019904-00020183 it just was not those two eyes i slapped
jAw_4H8fxQM-00056-00020184-00020430 you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00057-00020431-00020639 you still got to go to my office to call
jAw_4H8fxQM-00058-00020640-00020775 me liar
jAw_4H8fxQM-00059-00020776-00020991 angela you stand two times
jAw_4H8fxQM-00060-00020992-00021119 okay
jAw_4H8fxQM-00061-00021120-00021255 okay
jAw_4H8fxQM-00062-00021256-00021447 okay
jAw_4H8fxQM-00063-00021448-00021614 i'm very sorry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00064-00021615-00021911 please but i still want you to go back
jAw_4H8fxQM-00065-00021912-00022094 please you can leave because i'm very
jAw_4H8fxQM-00066-00022095-00022753 busy please leave
jAw_4H8fxQM-00067-00022754-00023478 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00068-00023479-00023607 please get out of the office before i
jAw_4H8fxQM-00069-00023608-00023767 call the secretary on you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00070-00023768-00024007 i'll still be listening for me okay
jAw_4H8fxQM-00071-00024008-00024158 please get out
jAw_4H8fxQM-00072-00024159-00024830 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00073-00024831-00025680 that is
jAw_4H8fxQM-00074-00025681-00026431 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00075-00026432-00027831 if
jAw_4H8fxQM-00076-00027832-00027999 christ
jAw_4H8fxQM-00077-00028000-00028711 because he has paid the price
jAw_4H8fxQM-00078-00028712-00029802 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00079-00029804-00030374 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00080-00030375-00030758 what did he say
jAw_4H8fxQM-00081-00030760-00031214 he walked me out of his office
jAw_4H8fxQM-00082-00031216-00031470 i tried to apologize
jAw_4H8fxQM-00083-00031472-00031718 but he was too angry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00084-00031719-00032079 to listen to my plea
jAw_4H8fxQM-00085-00032080-00032327 i told you it was unnecessary
jAw_4H8fxQM-00086-00032327-00032439 i told you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00087-00032439-00032702 most of these men they are very rational
jAw_4H8fxQM-00088-00032703-00033007 and irresponsible i told you this man is
jAw_4H8fxQM-00089-00033008-00033183 no worth dying for break up this
jAw_4H8fxQM-00090-00033184-00033502 marriage and move forward
jAw_4H8fxQM-00091-00033503-00033623 no
jAw_4H8fxQM-00092-00033624-00033887 i've already told you i can't break her
jAw_4H8fxQM-00093-00033888-00034087 from my marriage
jAw_4H8fxQM-00094-00034088-00034295 divorce and separation is not the will
jAw_4H8fxQM-00095-00034296-00034471 of god for man
jAw_4H8fxQM-00096-00034472-00034646 it is a manipulation of the devil
jAw_4H8fxQM-00097-00034647-00035015 against marriage he's my husband
jAw_4H8fxQM-00098-00035016-00035295 but this man doesn't love you again
jAw_4H8fxQM-00099-00035296-00035646 break up this marriage and move on no
jAw_4H8fxQM-00100-00035647-00035823 i will break off
jAw_4H8fxQM-00101-00035824-00036039 i know the lord will have mercy on me i
jAw_4H8fxQM-00102-00036040-00036239 heal my home
jAw_4H8fxQM-00103-00036240-00036399 i don't know why you should be dying for
jAw_4H8fxQM-00104-00036400-00036567 this man why there are many men out
jAw_4H8fxQM-00105-00036568-00037087 there seeking your attention
jAw_4H8fxQM-00106-00037088-00037553 let's go to the office okay let's go
jAw_4H8fxQM-00107-00037554-00038365 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00108-00038366-00038543 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00109-00038544-00038679 so
jAw_4H8fxQM-00110-00038680-00038977 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00111-00038978-00039198 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00112-00039199-00039206 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00113-00039207-00039621 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00114-00039622-00040668 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00115-00040669-00042158 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00116-00042159-00042302 yes
jAw_4H8fxQM-00117-00042303-00042446 coming
jAw_4H8fxQM-00118-00042447-00042623 almost done
jAw_4H8fxQM-00119-00042624-00043148 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00120-00043149-00043607 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00121-00043608-00043862 kept you so long
jAw_4H8fxQM-00122-00043863-00044071 the air
jAw_4H8fxQM-00123-00044072-00044287 a girl said the air for the party
jAw_4H8fxQM-00124-00044288-00044558 tomorrow
jAw_4H8fxQM-00125-00044559-00044758 your phone just rang
jAw_4H8fxQM-00126-00044759-00044935 and i pick it up or the corner cut it
jAw_4H8fxQM-00127-00044936-00045095 off
jAw_4H8fxQM-00128-00045096-00045239 my phone
jAw_4H8fxQM-00129-00045240-00045446 yes
jAw_4H8fxQM-00130-00045447-00045599 when
jAw_4H8fxQM-00131-00045600-00045862 jimmy i have told you never should you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00132-00045863-00046095 pick my phone when it strings jimmy i
jAw_4H8fxQM-00133-00046096-00046511 have told you then where's my phone
jAw_4H8fxQM-00134-00046512-00046727 the phone is on the turning table
jAw_4H8fxQM-00135-00046728-00046974 i didn't see anything i just said hello
jAw_4H8fxQM-00136-00046975-00047102 for the connector
jAw_4H8fxQM-00137-00047103-00048399 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00138-00048400-00048630 when did the color call
jAw_4H8fxQM-00139-00048631-00048830 about 10 minutes ago
jAw_4H8fxQM-00140-00048831-00049030 10 minutes ago
jAw_4H8fxQM-00141-00049031-00049318 you should never have picked the phone
jAw_4H8fxQM-00142-00049319-00049551 it's my ex-husband
jAw_4H8fxQM-00143-00049552-00049727 i don't want to have anything to do with
jAw_4H8fxQM-00144-00049728-00049855 him again
jAw_4H8fxQM-00145-00049856-00050223 i don't want anybody to disturb my piece
jAw_4H8fxQM-00146-00050224-00050495 you shouldn't have picked my phone even
jAw_4H8fxQM-00147-00050496-00050686 if the ringing is disturbing you you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00148-00050687-00050846 should not have picked this phone you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00149-00050847-00051055 shouldn't have picked this phone i don't
jAw_4H8fxQM-00150-00051056-00051207 want to have anything to do with him
jAw_4H8fxQM-00151-00051208-00051558 again okay nothing it's noted thank you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00152-00051559-00051713 it's not it
jAw_4H8fxQM-00153-00051714-00052223 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00154-00052224-00052423 are you expecting anybody
jAw_4H8fxQM-00155-00052424-00052526 no
jAw_4H8fxQM-00156-00052527-00052775 maybe jennifer jennifer is coming so
jAw_4H8fxQM-00157-00052776-00052959 that we can get prepared for
jAw_4H8fxQM-00158-00052960-00053303 the party tomorrow
jAw_4H8fxQM-00159-00053304-00053791 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00160-00053792-00053848 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00161-00053849-00054350 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00162-00054351-00054999 yes
jAw_4H8fxQM-00163-00055000-00056254 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00164-00056255-00056382 are you the one that picked the phone
jAw_4H8fxQM-00165-00056383-00056575 when i called a few minutes ago
jAw_4H8fxQM-00166-00056576-00056823 yes but who are you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00167-00056824-00057063 i'm very chittansi
jAw_4H8fxQM-00168-00057064-00057399 the lego husband latoya
jAw_4H8fxQM-00169-00057400-00057630 the woman who was flirting with you for
jAw_4H8fxQM-00170-00057632-00057935 the past four months
jAw_4H8fxQM-00171-00057936-00058142 i was transferred to south africa by my
jAw_4H8fxQM-00172-00058144-00058350 engineering company
jAw_4H8fxQM-00173-00058351-00058654 about eight months ago
jAw_4H8fxQM-00174-00058655-00058887 my company had made an arrangement for
jAw_4H8fxQM-00175-00058888-00059191 her to visit once in two months
jAw_4H8fxQM-00176-00059191-00059359 she came twice
jAw_4H8fxQM-00177-00059360-00059559 and never showed up again
jAw_4H8fxQM-00178-00059560-00059735 many times my phone calls were never
jAw_4H8fxQM-00179-00059736-00059830 picked
jAw_4H8fxQM-00180-00059832-00060063 i sent text messages
jAw_4H8fxQM-00181-00060064-00060294 she never responded
jAw_4H8fxQM-00182-00060295-00060494 then i inform my friends to help me find
jAw_4H8fxQM-00183-00060495-00060687 out what is happening
jAw_4H8fxQM-00184-00060688-00061071 i was informed a manner stole my heart
jAw_4H8fxQM-00185-00061072-00061871 so you are the one
jAw_4H8fxQM-00186-00061872-00062188 hurry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00187-00062189-00062869 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00188-00062870-00064006 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00189-00064007-00064404 come back and sit down here
jAw_4H8fxQM-00190-00064405-00065082 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00191-00065083-00065887 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00192-00065888-00066182 mr james
jAw_4H8fxQM-00193-00066183-00066559 i miss i know your name
jAw_4H8fxQM-00194-00066560-00066743 must have been very stupid and a beef
jAw_4H8fxQM-00195-00066744-00066847 food
jAw_4H8fxQM-00196-00066848-00067047 to have abandoned your wife
jAw_4H8fxQM-00197-00067048-00067271 to come and take shatter like another
jAw_4H8fxQM-00198-00067272-00067726 man's wife
jAw_4H8fxQM-00199-00067727-00068015 i know everything about you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00200-00068016-00068223 my informants have done a perfect job on
jAw_4H8fxQM-00201-00068224-00068259 you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00202-00068260-00068471 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00203-00068472-00068694 you are the quality control manager at
jAw_4H8fxQM-00204-00068695-00068894 la vista production
jAw_4H8fxQM-00205-00068895-00069071 industry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00206-00069072-00069343 your poor and innocent wife
jAw_4H8fxQM-00207-00069344-00069503 works with the human resources
jAw_4H8fxQM-00208-00069504-00069735 department of the ministry of finance
jAw_4H8fxQM-00209-00069736-00069919 and economic control
jAw_4H8fxQM-00210-00069920-00070071 i know the school your little daughter
jAw_4H8fxQM-00211-00070072-00070287 attends
jAw_4H8fxQM-00212-00070288-00070535 why would you want to destroy all these
jAw_4H8fxQM-00213-00070536-00070750 beautiful blessings of god
jAw_4H8fxQM-00214-00070751-00070999 on the altar of your crazy immoral
jAw_4H8fxQM-00215-00071000-00071119 living
jAw_4H8fxQM-00216-00071120-00071535 do you now see you are beautiful
jAw_4H8fxQM-00217-00071536-00071838 never told me anything about you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00218-00071839-00072006 all what she said was
jAw_4H8fxQM-00219-00072007-00072319 she has broken away from her ex-husband
jAw_4H8fxQM-00220-00072320-00072550 mr james you have no reason to abandon
jAw_4H8fxQM-00221-00072551-00072750 your wife and picture of your tent with
jAw_4H8fxQM-00222-00072751-00072967 another man's wife
jAw_4H8fxQM-00223-00072968-00073182 do you know why i will not hurt you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00224-00073183-00073406 do you know why
jAw_4H8fxQM-00225-00073407-00073750 no i don't
jAw_4H8fxQM-00226-00073751-00073935 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00227-00073936-00074423 a new master now controls my life
jAw_4H8fxQM-00228-00074424-00074655 far away in south africa
jAw_4H8fxQM-00229-00074656-00074903 i met with jesus christ
jAw_4H8fxQM-00230-00074904-00075367 i gave up all my past violent ability
jAw_4H8fxQM-00231-00075368-00075599 i know of more than 20
jAw_4H8fxQM-00232-00075600-00075743 ways
jAw_4H8fxQM-00233-00075744-00076094 i can do you evil in this country
jAw_4H8fxQM-00234-00076095-00076367 that will result in your deportation
jAw_4H8fxQM-00235-00076368-00076694 and confiscation of all your assets
jAw_4H8fxQM-00236-00076695-00076967 but i wouldn't do that
jAw_4H8fxQM-00237-00076968-00077062 i know
jAw_4H8fxQM-00238-00077063-00077335 ways i could make you miserable all your
jAw_4H8fxQM-00239-00077336-00077494 life
jAw_4H8fxQM-00240-00077495-00077815 but i wouldn't do that
jAw_4H8fxQM-00241-00077816-00078023 if a new master had not taken over my
jAw_4H8fxQM-00242-00078024-00078119 life
jAw_4H8fxQM-00243-00078120-00078279 i would have come here tonight with a
jAw_4H8fxQM-00244-00078280-00078503 gun i would have killed you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00245-00078504-00078911 kill latoya and keep myself
jAw_4H8fxQM-00246-00078912-00079167 but i wouldn't do that
jAw_4H8fxQM-00247-00079168-00079406 i wouldn't do that now
jAw_4H8fxQM-00248-00079407-00079719 because i've met with jesus
jAw_4H8fxQM-00249-00079720-00080055 jesus has taken over my life
jAw_4H8fxQM-00250-00080056-00080311 i forgive you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00251-00080312-00080591 you may leave now
jAw_4H8fxQM-00252-00080592-00080726 i
jAw_4H8fxQM-00253-00080727-00080926 am very sorry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00254-00080927-00081126 i am very sorry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00255-00081127-00081431 that is all right i forgive you you may
jAw_4H8fxQM-00256-00081432-00081631 leave now i have your allowed to take
jAw_4H8fxQM-00257-00081632-00081847 some clothes
jAw_4H8fxQM-00258-00081848-00081982 yes
jAw_4H8fxQM-00259-00081983-00082182 of course
jAw_4H8fxQM-00260-00082183-00082326 go and get your
jAw_4H8fxQM-00261-00082327-00082455 things
jAw_4H8fxQM-00262-00082456-00084318 and leave
jAw_4H8fxQM-00263-00084319-00084431 oh
jAw_4H8fxQM-00264-00084432-00084599 my very sorry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00265-00084600-00084831 if jesus
jAw_4H8fxQM-00266-00084832-00085079 made him do this to me
jAw_4H8fxQM-00267-00085080-00085482 and i don't have any option
jAw_4H8fxQM-00268-00085483-00085982 james it was not so easy for me to do
jAw_4H8fxQM-00269-00085983-00086406 he made me do all this
jAw_4H8fxQM-00270-00086407-00086662 he transformed my life
jAw_4H8fxQM-00271-00086663-00086815 do you know him
jAw_4H8fxQM-00272-00086816-00087118 do you want to know him don't worry i
jAw_4H8fxQM-00273-00087119-00087911 know where to find him thanks
jAw_4H8fxQM-00274-00087912-00088646 peace
jAw_4H8fxQM-00275-00088647-00089655 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00276-00089656-00090782 to
jAw_4H8fxQM-00277-00090783-00091471 that is
jAw_4H8fxQM-00278-00091472-00091638 christ
jAw_4H8fxQM-00279-00091639-00092035 because he has paid the price
jAw_4H8fxQM-00280-00092036-00093605 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00281-00093606-00095690 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00282-00095691-00096551 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00283-00096552-00096935 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00284-00096936-00097199 i'm sorry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00285-00097200-00097350 i am
jAw_4H8fxQM-00286-00097351-00099806 i'm sorry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00287-00099807-00100150 i am ashamed of myself
jAw_4H8fxQM-00288-00100151-00100487 what a shame
jAw_4H8fxQM-00289-00100488-00100655 what a transformation in the life of
jAw_4H8fxQM-00290-00100656-00100894 dharma
jAw_4H8fxQM-00291-00100895-00101079 you could not utter me
jAw_4H8fxQM-00292-00101080-00101262 he said
jAw_4H8fxQM-00293-00101263-00101615 because he has given his life to jesus
jAw_4H8fxQM-00294-00101616-00101911 he looked so calm and peaceful
jAw_4H8fxQM-00295-00101912-00102199 despite all the evils done to him
jAw_4H8fxQM-00296-00102200-00102494 i like that spirit
jAw_4H8fxQM-00297-00102495-00102766 i'm ashamed of myself
jAw_4H8fxQM-00298-00102767-00103047 i have a wife that loves me
jAw_4H8fxQM-00299-00103048-00103294 i've not been good to her
jAw_4H8fxQM-00300-00103295-00103478 i have a beautiful daughter i don't care
jAw_4H8fxQM-00301-00103479-00103694 for
jAw_4H8fxQM-00302-00103695-00103990 i have a good job where i'm well paid
jAw_4H8fxQM-00303-00103991-00104086 yet
jAw_4H8fxQM-00304-00104088-00104399 my life is a mess
jAw_4H8fxQM-00305-00104400-00104485 jesus
jAw_4H8fxQM-00306-00104486-00104678 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00307-00104679-00105007 you will transform the life of god
jAw_4H8fxQM-00308-00105008-00105151 and lives
jAw_4H8fxQM-00309-00105152-00105334 in the life of my wife
jAw_4H8fxQM-00310-00105335-00105510 i need you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00311-00105511-00105766 come and transform my life too
jAw_4H8fxQM-00312-00105767-00106086 i'm sorry for all the evils i've done
jAw_4H8fxQM-00313-00106088-00106405 i'm sorry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00314-00106406-00107488 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00315-00107489-00108314 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00316-00108315-00109586 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00317-00109588-00110166 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00318-00110167-00110288 so
jAw_4H8fxQM-00319-00110289-00110431 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00320-00110432-00110581 [Laughter]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00321-00110582-00111922 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00322-00111923-00112022 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00323-00112023-00112603 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00324-00112604-00113543 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00325-00113544-00114706 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00326-00114707-00115623 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00327-00115624-00115666 hello
jAw_4H8fxQM-00328-00115667-00115807 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00329-00115808-00115927 and
jAw_4H8fxQM-00330-00115928-00116110 honey
jAw_4H8fxQM-00331-00116111-00116286 where are you now
jAw_4H8fxQM-00332-00116288-00116519 i told you i'm sorry for all i've said
jAw_4H8fxQM-00333-00116520-00116719 and did to you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00334-00116720-00116847 please
jAw_4H8fxQM-00335-00116848-00117119 you should come home
jAw_4H8fxQM-00336-00117120-00117334 i'm coming home
jAw_4H8fxQM-00337-00117335-00117703 you are coming home sorry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00338-00117704-00117719 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00339-00117720-00117953 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00340-00117954-00117977 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00341-00117978-00118343 [Applause]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00342-00118344-00118486 thank you jesus
jAw_4H8fxQM-00343-00118488-00118683 thank you jesus
jAw_4H8fxQM-00344-00118683-00119334 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00345-00119335-00119599 maybe
jAw_4H8fxQM-00346-00119600-00120536 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00347-00120538-00121031 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00348-00121032-00121404 do
jAw_4H8fxQM-00349-00121405-00122784 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00350-00122785-00124068 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00351-00124069-00125098 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00352-00125099-00126375 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00353-00126376-00126554 so
jAw_4H8fxQM-00354-00126555-00128190 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00355-00128191-00128724 so
jAw_4H8fxQM-00357-00134688-00134911 welcome back home honey
jAw_4H8fxQM-00358-00134912-00135159 we have been waiting for you
jAw_4H8fxQM-00359-00135160-00135435 thanks for coming back
jAw_4H8fxQM-00360-00135436-00136159 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00361-00136160-00136454 welcome dad my mom said you was coming
jAw_4H8fxQM-00362-00136455-00136670 back tonight and you came
jAw_4H8fxQM-00363-00136671-00137190 [Music]
jAw_4H8fxQM-00364-00137191-00137407 and you baby i'm very sorry i'm sorry
jAw_4H8fxQM-00365-00137408-00137551 for everything
jAw_4H8fxQM-00366-00137552-00137991 i'm back home foreign
jAw_4H8fxQM-00367-00137992-00138607 [Music]
jAMGOHxWu0u-00000-00000318-00001383 [Music]
jAMGOHxWu0u-00001-00001384-00001532 my
jAMGOHxWu0u-00002-00001533-00002732 [Music]
jAMGOHxWu0u-00003-00002733-00003052 [Music]
jC4Xv0llsdg-00000-00000610-00000983 it's a bit after midnight and I've just
jC4Xv0llsdg-00001-00000984-00001247 hit one of those Eureka moments with
jC4Xv0llsdg-00002-00001248-00001478 mess I'm not going to tell you anything
jC4Xv0llsdg-00003-00001479-00002201 website I just watch this this here is
jC4Xv0llsdg-00004-00002202-00002460 the foundations I said this is
jC4Xv0llsdg-00005-00002461-00002705 demonstrating that the foundation is
jC4Xv0llsdg-00006-00002706-00002908 working some very cool stuff that's
jC4Xv0llsdg-00007-00002909-00003239 going to come out in the next few weeks
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00000-00000023-00000353 Hans Karl August Simon von oiler chalpin
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00001-00000354-00000713 the 15th of February 1873 to the 6th of
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00002-00000714-00001028 November 1964 was a german-born Swedish
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00003-00001029-00001312 biochemist he won the Nobel Prize in
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00004-00001313-00001601 Chemistry in 1929 with arthur hardin for
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00005-00001602-00001796 their investigations on the fermentation
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00006-00001797-00002081 of sugar and enzymes he was a professor
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00007-00002082-00002293 of general and organic chemistry at
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00008-00002294-00002683 Stockholm University 1906 to 1941 and
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00009-00002684-00002851 the director of its Institute for
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00010-00002852-00003222 organic chemical research 1938 to 1948
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00011-00003223-00003515 Euler chalpin married Astrid cleave the
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00012-00003515-00003679 daughter of the Uppsala chemist per
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00013-00003680-00003869 teodor cleve and was the great-great
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00014-00003870-00004231 great-grandson of Leonard Euler in 1970
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00015-00004232-00004466 his son of an oiler was awarded the
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00016-00004467-00004991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00017-00004992-00005679 topic personal life oiler chalpin was
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00018-00005680-00005985 born on the 15th of February 1873 at
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00019-00005986-00006246 Augsburg Germany his father was a
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00020-00006247-00006453 captain in the Royal Bavarian regiment
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00021-00006454-00006617 who was soon transferred to Munich
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00022-00006618-00006879 during his childhood he spent most of
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00023-00006880-00007062 his time with his grandmother at Wasser
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00024-00007063-00007353 burg MN he went to the royal junior high
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00025-00007354-00007545 school in Augsburg predecessor of
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00026-00007545-00007797 Holbein gymnasium also in wurtzburg and
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00027-00007798-00008040 all after serving as a one-year
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00028-00008041-00008250 volunteer in the Bavarian first Field
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00029-00008251-00008460 Artillery Regiment he took interest in
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00030-00008461-00008658 the color theory and began studying art
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00031-00008659-00008910 at the munich academy of painting 1891
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00032-00008911-00009267 to 1893 he was taught under Schmid roit
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00033-00009268-00009483 and Limbach a German painter of realist
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00034-00009484-00009746 style he therefore went to attend the
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00035-00009747-00009942 University of Berlin to study chemistry
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00036-00009943-00010196 under Emil Fischer and a Rosenheim and
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00037-00010197-00010407 physics under a Warburg and Max Planck
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00038-00010408-00010638 where in 1895 he received his doctorate
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00039-00010639-00010971 in 1899 Euler chalpin was appointed to
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00040-00010972-00011115 teach private doesn't in the Royal
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00041-00011116-00011328 University at Stockholm where he began
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00042-00011329-00011547 visiting the laboratory of van t hoff
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00043-00011548-00011745 one of the many who influenced Euler
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00044-00011746-00011943 Shelton's interest in science along with
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00045-00011944-00012180 Nernst in 1902 he took Swedish
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00046-00012181-00012441 citizenship nevertheless during the
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00047-00012442-00012525 First World War
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00048-00012526-00012753 oiler chalpin took part in voluntary
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00049-00012754-00012924 service in the German airforce
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00050-00012925-00013149 3:4 during the Second World War the
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00051-00013150-00013329 professor worked in a diplomatic mission
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00052-00013330-00013694 on the German side in 1906 he was
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00053-00013695-00013875 appointed professor of general and
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00054-00013876-00014034 organic chemistry in the Royal
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00055-00014035-00014438 University Stockholm in 1929 the Knut
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00056-00014440-00014643 and alles Wallenberg foundation and the
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00057-00014644-00014822 International Education Board of the
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00058-00014823-00015033 Rockefeller Foundation established in
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00059-00015034-00015222 Stockholm the vitamin Institute and
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00060-00015222-00015432 Institute of biochemistry and Euler
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00061-00015433-00015722 chalpin was appointed as its director in
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00062-00015722-00015990 1941 he retired from teaching but
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00063-00015991-00016227 continued his researches Hans von oiler
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00064-00016228-00016368 chalpin married twice
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00065-00016369-00016647 his first wife was Astrid cleave who is
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00066-00016648-00016821 the first Swedish woman to obtain a
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00067-00016822-00017184 doctoral degree of science in 1913 he
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00068-00017185-00017316 married again to his second wife
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00069-00017317-00017678 Elizabeth Baroness AF uglies 1887 to
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00070-00017679-00017928 1973 who's participated in
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00071-00017929-00018114 collaborations with Euler chalpin
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00072-00018115-00018384 his son Oh l've an Euler 9
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00073-00018385-00018654 1805 to 1983 was a well-known
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00074-00018655-00018945 physiologist and in 1970 he received a
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00075-00018946-00019116 Nobel Prize for his research on the
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00076-00019117-00019314 chemical nature of norepinephrine on the
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00077-00019315-00019695 synapses in 1931 his daughter Karen von
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00078-00019696-00019794 Euler chalpin
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00079-00019795-00020001 married the writer Sven Stoll during his
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00080-00020002-00020229 life oiler chalpin created a series of
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00081-00020230-00020445 monographs such as biochemistry of
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00082-00020446-00020622 tumors written in collaboration with
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00083-00020623-00020931 bola suave skarzinski published in 1942
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00084-00020932-00021153 and the other entitled the chemotherapy
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00085-00021154-00021369 and prophylaxis of cancer published in
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00086-00021370-00021795 1962 Euler chalpin died in Stockholm on
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00087-00021796-00022086 the 6th of November 1964 at the age of
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00088-00022087-00022452 91
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00089-00022453-00022997 topic Nobel Prize
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00090-00022998-00023347 in 1929 Euler chalpin and Arthur harden
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00091-00023348-00023497 received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00092-00023498-00023708 for research on alcoholic fermentation
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00093-00023709-00024000 of carbohydrates and the role of enzymes
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00094-00024001-00024221 Arthur harden dealt only with the
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00095-00024222-00024461 chemical effects of bacteria from 1903
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00096-00024462-00024758 with alcoholic fermentation harden
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00097-00024759-00024932 discovered that the enzymes I mace
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00098-00024933-00025142 discovered by Eduard Buchner only
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00099-00025143-00025349 produces fermentation in interaction
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00100-00025350-00025609 with the coenzyme cosy mase euler
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00101-00025610-00025843 chalpin in turn convincingly described
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00102-00025844-00026050 what happens in sugar fermentation and
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00103-00026051-00026273 the action of fermentation enzymes using
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00104-00026274-00026567 physical chemistry this explanation led
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00105-00026568-00026740 to the understanding of the important
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00106-00026741-00026945 processes taking place in the muscles
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00107-00026945-00027457 for the supply of energy
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00108-00027458-00027808 topic references
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00109-00027808-00027967 you
jDLMgMZr2Nu-00110-00027968-00028174 you
jE0nv1asnFY-00000-00000051-00000308 in physics redshift happens when light
jE0nv1asnFY-00001-00000309-00000521 or other electromagnetic radiation from
jE0nv1asnFY-00002-00000522-00000719 an object undergoes an increase in
jE0nv1asnFY-00003-00000720-00001048 wavelength redshifting does not mean
jE0nv1asnFY-00004-00001049-00001216 that the light is actually red or
jE0nv1asnFY-00005-00001217-00001634 actually becomes red the term red refers
jE0nv1asnFY-00006-00001635-00001855 to the fact that in human terms longer
jE0nv1asnFY-00007-00001857-00002026 wavelengths are found at the red end of
jE0nv1asnFY-00008-00002027-00002273 the visible spectrum whether or not the
jE0nv1asnFY-00009-00002274-00002566 light is visible a redshift means an
jE0nv1asnFY-00010-00002567-00002758 increase in wavelength equivalent to
jE0nv1asnFY-00011-00002759-00002989 lower frequency and lower photon energy
jE0nv1asnFY-00012-00002990-00003206 in accordance with respectively the wave
jE0nv1asnFY-00013-00003207-00003376 and quantum theories of light a
jE0nv1asnFY-00014-00003377-00003635 gamma-ray perceived as an x-ray or
jE0nv1asnFY-00015-00003636-00003824 initially visible light perceived as
jE0nv1asnFY-00016-00003825-00004049 radio waves would be typical examples of
jE0nv1asnFY-00017-00004050-00004316 red shifting in astronomy the opposite
jE0nv1asnFY-00018-00004317-00004586 of a redshift is a blue shift where
jE0nv1asnFY-00019-00004587-00004772 light experiences a shortening of
jE0nv1asnFY-00020-00004773-00005056 wavelength or increase in energy blue
jE0nv1asnFY-00021-00005057-00005206 shifts are generally seen when a
jE0nv1asnFY-00022-00005207-00005386 light-emitting object moves toward an
jE0nv1asnFY-00023-00005387-00005570 observer or when electromagnetic
jE0nv1asnFY-00024-00005571-00005777 radiation moves into a gravitational
jE0nv1asnFY-00025-00005778-00005824 field
jE0nv1asnFY-00026-00005825-00006106 however redshift is a more common term
jE0nv1asnFY-00027-00006107-00006295 and sometimes blue shift is referred to
jE0nv1asnFY-00028-00006296-00006578 as negative redshift there are three
jE0nv1asnFY-00029-00006579-00006791 main causes of red and blue shifts in
jE0nv1asnFY-00030-00006792-00007048 astronomy and cosmology one objects move
jE0nv1asnFY-00031-00007050-00007343 apart or closer together in space these
jE0nv1asnFY-00032-00007344-00007529 shifts are an example of the Doppler
jE0nv1asnFY-00033-00007530-00007700 effect familiar in the change of
jE0nv1asnFY-00034-00007701-00007928 apparent pitches of sirens and frequency
jE0nv1asnFY-00035-00007929-00008111 of the sound waves emitted by speeding
jE0nv1asnFY-00036-00008112-00008285 vehicles or whenever a light source
jE0nv1asnFY-00037-00008286-00008576 moves away from an observer to space
jE0nv1asnFY-00038-00008577-00008837 itself expands causing objects to become
jE0nv1asnFY-00039-00008838-00009002 more separated even if they have not
jE0nv1asnFY-00040-00009003-00009263 changed their positions in space this is
jE0nv1asnFY-00041-00009264-00009506 known as the cosmological redshift all
jE0nv1asnFY-00042-00009507-00009695 sufficiently distant light sources
jE0nv1asnFY-00043-00009696-00009893 generally more than a few million light
jE0nv1asnFY-00044-00009894-00010121 years away show redshift corresponding
jE0nv1asnFY-00045-00010122-00010256 to the rate of increase in their
jE0nv1asnFY-00046-00010257-00010418 distance from Earth known as Hubble's
jE0nv1asnFY-00047-00010419-00010694 law 3 finally gravitational redshift as
jE0nv1asnFY-00048-00010695-00010901 a relativistic effect observed due to
jE0nv1asnFY-00049-00010902-00011090 strong gravitational field which
jE0nv1asnFY-00050-00011091-00011324 distorts space-time and in effect exert
jE0nv1asnFY-00051-00011325-00011560 a force on light and other particles
jE0nv1asnFY-00052-00011561-00011753 knowledge of redshifts and blueshifts
jE0nv1asnFY-00053-00011754-00011960 has been applied to develop several
jE0nv1asnFY-00054-00011961-00012197 terrestrial technologies such as Doppler
jE0nv1asnFY-00055-00012198-00012506 radar and radar guns redshifts are also
jE0nv1asnFY-00056-00012507-00012683 seen in the spectroscopic observations
jE0nv1asnFY-00057-00012684-00013003 of astronomical objects its value is
jE0nv1asnFY-00058-00013004-00013325 represented by the letter Z a special
jE0nv1asnFY-00059-00013326-00013438 relativistic red
jE0nv1asnFY-00060-00013440-00013603 shift formula and its classical
jE0nv1asnFY-00061-00013604-00013780 approximation can be used to calculate
jE0nv1asnFY-00062-00013781-00014000 the redshift of a nearby object when
jE0nv1asnFY-00063-00014001-00014275 space-time is flat however in many
jE0nv1asnFY-00064-00014276-00014539 contexts such as black holes in Big Bang
jE0nv1asnFY-00065-00014540-00014794 cosmology redshifts must be calculated
jE0nv1asnFY-00066-00014795-00015039 using general relativity special
jE0nv1asnFY-00067-00015040-00015247 relativistic gravitational and
jE0nv1asnFY-00068-00015247-00015478 cosmological redshifts can be understood
jE0nv1asnFY-00069-00015479-00015605 under the umbrella of frame
jE0nv1asnFY-00070-00015606-00015880 transformation laws there exists other
jE0nv1asnFY-00071-00015881-00016078 physical processes that can lead to a
jE0nv1asnFY-00072-00016079-00016211 shift in the frequency of
jE0nv1asnFY-00073-00016212-00016397 electromagnetic radiation including
jE0nv1asnFY-00074-00016398-00016636 scattering and optical effects however
jE0nv1asnFY-00075-00016637-00016796 the resulting changes are
jE0nv1asnFY-00076-00016797-00016987 distinguishable from true redshift and
jE0nv1asnFY-00077-00016988-00017155 are not generally referred to as such
jE0nv1asnFY-00078-00017156-00017362 see section on physical optics and
jE0nv1asnFY-00079-00017363-00017979 radiative transfer
jE0nv1asnFY-00080-00017980-00018483 topic history
jE0nv1asnFY-00081-00018484-00018717 the history of the subject began with
jE0nv1asnFY-00082-00018718-00018924 the development in the 19th century of
jE0nv1asnFY-00083-00018925-00019119 wave mechanics and the exploration of
jE0nv1asnFY-00084-00019120-00019314 phenomena associated with the Doppler
jE0nv1asnFY-00085-00019315-00019536 effect the effect is named after
jE0nv1asnFY-00086-00019537-00019730 Christian Doppler who offered the first
jE0nv1asnFY-00087-00019731-00019919 known physical explanation for the
jE0nv1asnFY-00088-00019920-00020286 phenomenon in 1842 the hypothesis was
jE0nv1asnFY-00089-00020287-00020496 tested and confirmed for sound waves by
jE0nv1asnFY-00090-00020497-00020688 the Dutch scientist Christopher s buys
jE0nv1asnFY-00091-00020689-00021036 ballot in 1845 Doppler correctly
jE0nv1asnFY-00092-00021037-00021197 predicted that the phenomenon should
jE0nv1asnFY-00093-00021198-00021399 apply to all waves and in particular
jE0nv1asnFY-00094-00021400-00021582 suggested that the varying colors of
jE0nv1asnFY-00095-00021583-00021732 stars could be attributed to their
jE0nv1asnFY-00096-00021733-00021980 motion with respect to the earth before
jE0nv1asnFY-00097-00021981-00022200 this was verified however it was found
jE0nv1asnFY-00098-00022201-00022392 that stellar colors were primarily due
jE0nv1asnFY-00099-00022393-00022697 to a star's temperature not motion only
jE0nv1asnFY-00100-00022698-00022925 later was Doppler vindicated by verified
jE0nv1asnFY-00101-00022926-00023258 redshift observations the first Doppler
jE0nv1asnFY-00102-00023259-00023433 redshift was described by French
jE0nv1asnFY-00103-00023434-00023721 physicist hippolyte fizeau in 1848 who
jE0nv1asnFY-00104-00023722-00023900 pointed to the shift in spectral lines
jE0nv1asnFY-00105-00023901-00024066 seen in stars as being due to the
jE0nv1asnFY-00106-00024067-00024342 Doppler effect the effect is sometimes
jE0nv1asnFY-00107-00024343-00024744 called the Doppler fizeau effect in 1868
jE0nv1asnFY-00108-00024745-00024972 British astronomer William Huggins was
jE0nv1asnFY-00109-00024973-00025167 the first to determine the velocity of a
jE0nv1asnFY-00110-00025168-00025325 star moving away from the earth by this
jE0nv1asnFY-00111-00025326-00025700 method in 1871 optical redshift was
jE0nv1asnFY-00112-00025701-00025863 confirmed when the phenomenon was
jE0nv1asnFY-00113-00025864-00026081 observed in Fraunhofer lines using solar
jE0nv1asnFY-00114-00026082-00026546 rotation about 0.1 in the red in 1887
jE0nv1asnFY-00115-00026547-00026783 Vogel and shiner discovered the annual
jE0nv1asnFY-00116-00026785-00026985 Doppler effect the yearly change in the
jE0nv1asnFY-00117-00026986-00027180 Doppler shift of stars located near the
jE0nv1asnFY-00118-00027181-00027393 ecliptic due to the orbital velocity of
jE0nv1asnFY-00119-00027394-00027708 the earth in 1901 era Starck bella
jE0nv1asnFY-00120-00027708-00027948 Polsky verified optical redshift in the
jE0nv1asnFY-00121-00027949-00028173 laboratory using a system of rotating
jE0nv1asnFY-00122-00028174-00028358 mirrors the earliest occurrence of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00123-00028360-00028527 term redshift in print in this
jE0nv1asnFY-00124-00028527-00028704 hyphenated form appears to be by
jE0nv1asnFY-00125-00028705-00028935 American astronomer walter s adams in
jE0nv1asnFY-00126-00028936-00029252 1908 in which he mentions two methods of
jE0nv1asnFY-00127-00029253-00029471 investigating that nature of the nebula
jE0nv1asnFY-00128-00029472-00029754 redshift the word does not appear
jE0nv1asnFY-00129-00029755-00030065 unhyphenated until about 1934 by willem
jE0nv1asnFY-00130-00030066-00030279 de sitter perhaps indicating that up to
jE0nv1asnFY-00131-00030280-00030456 that point it's German equivalent rod
jE0nv1asnFY-00132-00030457-00030648 Varsha bong was more commonly used
jE0nv1asnFY-00133-00030649-00030894 beginning with observations in 1912
jE0nv1asnFY-00134-00030895-00031089 Vesto Slipher discovered that most
jE0nv1asnFY-00135-00031089-00031314 spiral galaxies then mostly thought to
jE0nv1asnFY-00136-00031314-00031508 be spiral nebulae had considerable
jE0nv1asnFY-00137-00031509-00031800 redshifts Slipher first reports on his
jE0nv1asnFY-00138-00031801-00031860 measurement
jE0nv1asnFY-00139-00031861-00032021 in the inaugural volume of the Lowell
jE0nv1asnFY-00140-00032022-00032295 Observatory bulletin three years later
jE0nv1asnFY-00141-00032295-00032511 he wrote a review in the journal popular
jE0nv1asnFY-00142-00032512-00032837 astronomy in it he states that the early
jE0nv1asnFY-00143-00032838-00033017 discovery that the great Andromeda
jE0nv1asnFY-00144-00033018-00033215 spiral had the quite exceptional
jE0nv1asnFY-00145-00033216-00033524 velocity of minus 300 kilometers s
jE0nv1asnFY-00146-00033525-00033783 showed the means then available capable
jE0nv1asnFY-00147-00033784-00034005 of investigating not only the spectra of
jE0nv1asnFY-00148-00034006-00034310 the spirals but their velocities as well
jE0nv1asnFY-00149-00034311-00034562 Slipher reported the velocities for
jE0nv1asnFY-00150-00034563-00034770 fifteen spiral nebulae spread across the
jE0nv1asnFY-00151-00034771-00035001 entire celestial sphere all but three
jE0nv1asnFY-00152-00035002-00035264 having observable positive that is
jE0nv1asnFY-00153-00035265-00035511 recessional velocities subsequently
jE0nv1asnFY-00154-00035512-00035733 Edwin Hubble discovered an approximate
jE0nv1asnFY-00155-00035734-00035904 relationship between the redshifts of
jE0nv1asnFY-00156-00035905-00036195 such nebulae and the distances to them
jE0nv1asnFY-00157-00036196-00036351 with the formulation of his eponymous
jE0nv1asnFY-00158-00036352-00036614 Hubble's law these observations
jE0nv1asnFY-00159-00036615-00036911 corroborated Alexander Friedman's 1922
jE0nv1asnFY-00160-00036912-00037115 work in which he derived the Freedman la
jE0nv1asnFY-00161-00037116-00037346 Mettrie equations they are today
jE0nv1asnFY-00162-00037347-00037520 considered strong evidence for an
jE0nv1asnFY-00163-00037521-00037701 expanding universe in the Big Bang
jE0nv1asnFY-00164-00037702-00037954 Theory
jE0nv1asnFY-00165-00037955-00038170 topic measurement characterization and
jE0nv1asnFY-00166-00038171-00038365 interpretation the spectrum of light
jE0nv1asnFY-00167-00038366-00038551 that comes from a single source see
jE0nv1asnFY-00168-00038552-00038752 idealized spectrum illustration top
jE0nv1asnFY-00169-00038753-00038998 right can be measured to determine the
jE0nv1asnFY-00170-00038999-00039199 redshift one searches for features in
jE0nv1asnFY-00171-00039200-00039382 the spectrum such as absorption lines
jE0nv1asnFY-00172-00039383-00039622 emission lines or other variations in
jE0nv1asnFY-00173-00039623-00039904 light intensity if found these features
jE0nv1asnFY-00174-00039905-00040081 can be compared with known features in
jE0nv1asnFY-00175-00040082-00040237 the spectrum of various chemical
jE0nv1asnFY-00176-00040238-00040423 compounds found in experiments where
jE0nv1asnFY-00177-00040424-00040681 that compound is located on earth a very
jE0nv1asnFY-00178-00040682-00040924 common atomic element in space is
jE0nv1asnFY-00179-00040925-00041155 hydrogen the spectrum of originally
jE0nv1asnFY-00180-00041156-00041344 featureless light shone through hydrogen
jE0nv1asnFY-00181-00041345-00041551 will show a signature spectrum specific
jE0nv1asnFY-00182-00041552-00041752 to hydrogen that has features at regular
jE0nv1asnFY-00183-00041753-00041818 intervals
jE0nv1asnFY-00184-00041819-00042079 if restricted to absorption lines it
jE0nv1asnFY-00185-00042080-00042205 would look similar to the illustration
jE0nv1asnFY-00186-00042206-00042493 top right if the same pattern of
jE0nv1asnFY-00187-00042494-00042646 intervals is seen in an observed
jE0nv1asnFY-00188-00042647-00042829 spectrum from a distant source but
jE0nv1asnFY-00189-00042830-00043015 occurring at shifted wavelengths it can
jE0nv1asnFY-00190-00043016-00043318 be identified as hydrogen - if the same
jE0nv1asnFY-00191-00043319-00043498 spectral line is identified in both
jE0nv1asnFY-00192-00043499-00043696 spectra but at different wavelengths
jE0nv1asnFY-00193-00043697-00043867 then the redshift can be calculated
jE0nv1asnFY-00194-00043868-00044140 using the table below determining the
jE0nv1asnFY-00195-00044141-00044305 redshift of an object in this way
jE0nv1asnFY-00196-00044306-00044530 requires a frequency or wavelength range
jE0nv1asnFY-00197-00044531-00044809 in order to calculate the redshift one
jE0nv1asnFY-00198-00044810-00044938 has to know the wavelength of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00199-00044939-00045106 emitted light in the rest frame of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00200-00045107-00045298 source in other words the wavelength
jE0nv1asnFY-00201-00045299-00045424 that would be measured by an observer
jE0nv1asnFY-00202-00045425-00045682 located adjacent to an comoving with the
jE0nv1asnFY-00203-00045683-00045892 source since in astronomical
jE0nv1asnFY-00204-00045893-00046129 applications this measurement cannot be
jE0nv1asnFY-00205-00046130-00046294 done directly because that would require
jE0nv1asnFY-00206-00046295-00046480 travelling to the distant star of
jE0nv1asnFY-00207-00046481-00046684 interest the method using spectral lines
jE0nv1asnFY-00208-00046685-00046999 described here is used instead redshifts
jE0nv1asnFY-00209-00047000-00047188 cannot be calculated by looking at
jE0nv1asnFY-00210-00047189-00047407 unidentified features whose rest frame
jE0nv1asnFY-00211-00047408-00047632 frequency is unknown or with a spectrum
jE0nv1asnFY-00212-00047633-00047758 that is featureless or white noise
jE0nv1asnFY-00213-00047759-00047998 random fluctuations in a spectrum
jE0nv1asnFY-00214-00047999-00048163 redshift and blue shift may be
jE0nv1asnFY-00215-00048164-00048358 characterized by the relative difference
jE0nv1asnFY-00216-00048359-00048505 between the observed and emitted
jE0nv1asnFY-00217-00048506-00048783 wavelength or frequency of an object in
jE0nv1asnFY-00218-00048784-00049048 astronomy it is customary to refer to
jE0nv1asnFY-00219-00049049-00049195 this change using a dimensionless
jE0nv1asnFY-00220-00049196-00049516 quantity called Z if lambda represents
jE0nv1asnFY-00221-00049517-00049708 wavelength and F represents frequency
jE0nv1asnFY-00222-00049709-00050047 note lambda F equals C where C is the
jE0nv1asnFY-00223-00050048-00050143 speed of light
jE0nv1asnFY-00224-00050144-00050347 then Z is defined by the equations after
jE0nv1asnFY-00225-00050348-00050548 Z is measured the distinction between
jE0nv1asnFY-00226-00050549-00050752 redshift and blue shift is simply a
jE0nv1asnFY-00227-00050753-00050938 matter of whether Z is positive or
jE0nv1asnFY-00228-00050939-00051196 negative see the formulas section below
jE0nv1asnFY-00229-00051197-00051342 for some basic interpret
jE0nv1asnFY-00230-00051344-00051487 Haitians that follow when either a
jE0nv1asnFY-00231-00051488-00051763 redshift or blueshift is observed for
jE0nv1asnFY-00232-00051764-00052054 example Doppler effect blueshifts z0 are
jE0nv1asnFY-00233-00052054-00052282 associated with objects receding moving
jE0nv1asnFY-00234-00052283-00052435 away from the observer with the light
jE0nv1asnFY-00235-00052436-00052602 shifting to lower energies
jE0nv1asnFY-00236-00052603-00052873 likewise gravitational blue shifts are
jE0nv1asnFY-00237-00052874-00053055 associated with light emitted from a
jE0nv1asnFY-00238-00053057-00053217 source residing within a weaker
jE0nv1asnFY-00239-00053219-00053407 gravitational field as observed from
jE0nv1asnFY-00240-00053408-00053611 within a stronger gravitational field
jE0nv1asnFY-00241-00053612-00053839 while gravitational redshift implies the
jE0nv1asnFY-00242-00053840-00054449 opposite conditions
jE0nv1asnFY-00243-00054450-00055021 topic redshift formula
jE0nv1asnFY-00244-00055022-00055258 in general relativity one can derive
jE0nv1asnFY-00245-00055259-00055489 several important special case formula
jE0nv1asnFY-00246-00055490-00055660 for redshift in certain special
jE0nv1asnFY-00247-00055661-00055885 space-time geometries as summarized in
jE0nv1asnFY-00248-00055886-00056142 the following table in all cases the
jE0nv1asnFY-00249-00056144-00056374 magnitude of the shift the value of Z is
jE0nv1asnFY-00250-00056375-00056673 independent of the wavelength
jE0nv1asnFY-00251-00056674-00056930 topic Doppler effect if a source of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00252-00056932-00057072 light is moving away from an observer
jE0nv1asnFY-00253-00057073-00057372 then redshift Z greater than zero occurs
jE0nv1asnFY-00254-00057373-00057570 if the source moves towards the observer
jE0nv1asnFY-00255-00057571-00057852 then blue shift Z Z approximately equals
jE0nv1asnFY-00256-00057853-00058254 VC display style Z approximately frac V
jE0nv1asnFY-00257-00058254-00058529 CE since gamma approximately equals one
jE0nv1asnFY-00258-00058530-00058758 display style gamma approximately one
jE0nv1asnFY-00259-00058759-00059016 where C is the speed of light in the
jE0nv1asnFY-00260-00059016-00059192 classical Doppler effect the frequency
jE0nv1asnFY-00261-00059194-00059429 of the source is not modified but the
jE0nv1asnFY-00262-00059430-00059628 recessional motion causes the illusion
jE0nv1asnFY-00263-00059629-00059891 of a lower frequency a more complete
jE0nv1asnFY-00264-00059892-00060021 treatment of the Doppler redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00265-00060022-00060249 requires considering relativistic
jE0nv1asnFY-00266-00060250-00060432 effects associated with motion of
jE0nv1asnFY-00267-00060433-00060632 sources close to the speed of light a
jE0nv1asnFY-00268-00060633-00060894 complete derivation of the effect can be
jE0nv1asnFY-00269-00060895-00061067 found in the article on the relativistic
jE0nv1asnFY-00270-00061069-00061386 Doppler effect in brief objects moving
jE0nv1asnFY-00271-00061387-00061548 close to the speed of light will
jE0nv1asnFY-00272-00061549-00061742 experience deviations from the above
jE0nv1asnFY-00273-00061744-00061944 formula due to the time dilation of
jE0nv1asnFY-00274-00061945-00062112 special relativity which can be
jE0nv1asnFY-00275-00062113-00062307 corrected for by introducing the Lorentz
jE0nv1asnFY-00276-00062308-00062516 factor gamma into the classical Doppler
jE0nv1asnFY-00277-00062517-00062741 formula as follows Promotion solely in
jE0nv1asnFY-00278-00062742-00062994 the line-of-sight 1 plus Z equals 1 plus
jE0nv1asnFY-00279-00062995-00063305 VC gamma display style 1 plus Z equals
jE0nv1asnFY-00280-00063307-00063771 left 1 plus frac V C right gamma this
jE0nv1asnFY-00281-00063772-00064038 phenomenon was first observed in a 1938
jE0nv1asnFY-00282-00064039-00064257 experiment performed by Herbert a Ives
jE0nv1asnFY-00283-00064258-00064596 and gr Stilwell called the Ives Stilwell
jE0nv1asnFY-00284-00064597-00064803 experiment since the Lorentz factor is
jE0nv1asnFY-00285-00064804-00064983 dependent only on the magnitude of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00286-00064984-00065049 velocity
jE0nv1asnFY-00287-00065050-00065262 this causes the redshift associated with
jE0nv1asnFY-00288-00065263-00065412 the relativistic correction to be
jE0nv1asnFY-00289-00065413-00065601 independent of the orientation of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00290-00065602-00065853 source movement in contrast the
jE0nv1asnFY-00291-00065854-00066018 classical part of the formula is
jE0nv1asnFY-00292-00066019-00066177 dependent on the projection of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00293-00066178-00066327 movement of the source into the line of
jE0nv1asnFY-00294-00066328-00066525 sight which yields different results for
jE0nv1asnFY-00295-00066526-00066804 different orientations if they t'as the
jE0nv1asnFY-00296-00066805-00066969 angle between the direction of relative
jE0nv1asnFY-00297-00066970-00067182 motion and the direction of emission in
jE0nv1asnFY-00298-00067183-00067428 the observers frame 0 angle is directly
jE0nv1asnFY-00299-00067429-00067644 away from the observer the full form for
jE0nv1asnFY-00300-00067645-00067868 the relativistic Doppler effect becomes
jE0nv1asnFY-00301-00067869-00068330 1 plus Z
jE0nv1asnFY-00302-00068331-00069706 equals 1 plus V coz theta C 1 minus V 2
jE0nv1asnFY-00303-00069707-00070337 C 2 displaced aisle 1 plus Z equals frac
jE0nv1asnFY-00304-00070338-00070817 1 plus V cos theta C s QR t 1 V carrot
jE0nv1asnFY-00305-00070818-00071176 to see carrot 2 and for motion solely in
jE0nv1asnFY-00306-00071177-00071401 the line of sight theta equals 0 degrees
jE0nv1asnFY-00307-00071402-00072136 this equation reduces to 1 plus Z equals
jE0nv1asnFY-00308-00072137-00073397 1 plus V C 1 minus V see display style 1
jE0nv1asnFY-00309-00073398-00073934 plus Z equals s QR t frac 1 plus V C 1 V
jE0nv1asnFY-00310-00073935-00074255 C for the special case that the light is
jE0nv1asnFY-00311-00074256-00074459 approaching at right angles theta equals
jE0nv1asnFY-00312-00074460-00074675 90 degrees to the direction of relative
jE0nv1asnFY-00313-00074676-00074855 motion in the observers frame the
jE0nv1asnFY-00314-00074856-00075050 relativistic redshift is known as the
jE0nv1asnFY-00315-00075051-00075394 transverse redshift and a redshift 1
jE0nv1asnFY-00316-00075395-00076955 plus Z equals 1 1 minus v2 C to display
jE0nv1asnFY-00317-00076956-00077450 style 1 plus Z equals frac 1 s QR t 1 v
jE0nv1asnFY-00318-00077451-00077834 carat to see carrot 2 is measured even
jE0nv1asnFY-00319-00077835-00077975 though the object is not moving away
jE0nv1asnFY-00320-00077976-00078230 from the observer even when the source
jE0nv1asnFY-00321-00078231-00078425 is moving towards the observer if there
jE0nv1asnFY-00322-00078426-00078619 is a transverse component to the motion
jE0nv1asnFY-00323-00078620-00078767 then there is some speed at which the
jE0nv1asnFY-00324-00078768-00078986 dilation just cancels the expected blue
jE0nv1asnFY-00325-00078987-00079127 shift and at higher speed the
jE0nv1asnFY-00326-00079128-00079777 approaching source will be redshifted
jE0nv1asnFY-00327-00079778-00080339 topic expansion of space
jE0nv1asnFY-00328-00080340-00080591 in the early part of the 20th century
jE0nv1asnFY-00329-00080592-00080795 Slipher Hubble and others made the first
jE0nv1asnFY-00330-00080796-00080945 measurements of the redshifts and
jE0nv1asnFY-00331-00080946-00081128 blueshifts of galaxies beyond the Milky
jE0nv1asnFY-00332-00081129-00081398 Way they initially interpreted these
jE0nv1asnFY-00333-00081399-00081575 redshifts and blueshifts as due to
jE0nv1asnFY-00334-00081576-00081761 random motions but later Hubble
jE0nv1asnFY-00335-00081762-00081932 discovered a rough correlation between
jE0nv1asnFY-00336-00081933-00082106 the increasing redshifts and the
jE0nv1asnFY-00337-00082107-00082312 increasing distance of galaxies
jE0nv1asnFY-00338-00082313-00082553 theorists almost immediately realized
jE0nv1asnFY-00339-00082554-00082712 that these observations could be
jE0nv1asnFY-00340-00082713-00082880 explained by a mechanism for producing
jE0nv1asnFY-00341-00082881-00083144 redshift seen in certain cosmological
jE0nv1asnFY-00342-00083145-00083342 solutions to Einstein's equations of
jE0nv1asnFY-00343-00083343-00083612 general relativity Hubble's law of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00344-00083613-00083792 correlation between redshifts and
jE0nv1asnFY-00345-00083793-00084023 distances as required by all such models
jE0nv1asnFY-00346-00084024-00084230 that have a metric expansion of space as
jE0nv1asnFY-00347-00084231-00084500 a result the wavelength of photons
jE0nv1asnFY-00348-00084501-00084682 propagating through the expanding space
jE0nv1asnFY-00349-00084683-00084875 has stretched creating the cosmological
jE0nv1asnFY-00350-00084876-00085166 redshift there is a distinction between
jE0nv1asnFY-00351-00085167-00085436 a redshift in cosmological context as
jE0nv1asnFY-00352-00085437-00085610 compared to that witnessed when nearby
jE0nv1asnFY-00353-00085611-00085829 objects exhibit a local Doppler effect
jE0nv1asnFY-00354-00085830-00086105 redshift rather than cosmological
jE0nv1asnFY-00355-00086106-00086291 redshifts being a consequence of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00356-00086292-00086492 relative velocities that are subject to
jE0nv1asnFY-00357-00086493-00086705 the laws of special relativity and thus
jE0nv1asnFY-00358-00086706-00086921 subject to the rule that no to locally
jE0nv1asnFY-00359-00086922-00087110 separated objects can have relative
jE0nv1asnFY-00360-00087111-00087284 velocities with respect to each other
jE0nv1asnFY-00361-00087285-00087457 faster than the speed of light the
jE0nv1asnFY-00362-00087458-00087635 photons instead increase in wavelength
jE0nv1asnFY-00363-00087636-00087848 and redshift because of a global feature
jE0nv1asnFY-00364-00087849-00088022 of the space-time metric through which
jE0nv1asnFY-00365-00088023-00088292 they are traveling one interpretation of
jE0nv1asnFY-00366-00088293-00088469 this effect is the idea that space
jE0nv1asnFY-00367-00088470-00088754 itself is expanding due to the expansion
jE0nv1asnFY-00368-00088755-00088969 increasing as distances increase the
jE0nv1asnFY-00369-00088970-00089194 distance between two remote galaxies can
jE0nv1asnFY-00370-00089195-00089468 increase at more than 3 times 108 meters
jE0nv1asnFY-00371-00089469-00089644 per second but this does not imply that
jE0nv1asnFY-00372-00089645-00089843 the galaxies move faster than the speed
jE0nv1asnFY-00373-00089844-00090041 of light at their present location which
jE0nv1asnFY-00374-00090042-00090683 is forbidden by Lorentz covariance
jE0nv1asnFY-00375-00090684-00091241 topic mathematical derivation
jE0nv1asnFY-00376-00091242-00091493 the observational consequences of this
jE0nv1asnFY-00377-00091494-00091640 effect can be derived using the
jE0nv1asnFY-00378-00091641-00091835 equations from general relativity that
jE0nv1asnFY-00379-00091836-00092024 describe a homogeneous and isotropic
jE0nv1asnFY-00380-00092025-00092261 universe
jE0nv1asnFY-00381-00092262-00092510 to derive the redshift effect use the
jE0nv1asnFY-00382-00092511-00092732 geodesic equation for a light wave which
jE0nv1asnFY-00383-00092733-00094414 is d s 2 equals 0 equals minus C 2 D T 2
jE0nv1asnFY-00384-00094415-00095679 plus 2 D r2 1 minus K
jE0nv1asnFY-00385-00095680-00096176 are to display style DS carrot 2 equals
jE0nv1asnFY-00386-00096177-00096551 0 equals C carrot 2 DT carrot 2 plus
jE0nv1asnFY-00387-00096552-00096938 frac a carrot to dr. carrot - 1 KR
jE0nv1asnFY-00388-00096939-00097398 carrot - where d s is the space-time
jE0nv1asnFY-00389-00097399-00097726 interval DT is the time interval
jE0nv1asnFY-00390-00097727-00098106 dr. as the spatial interval C is the
jE0nv1asnFY-00391-00098107-00098361 speed of light a is the time dependent
jE0nv1asnFY-00392-00098362-00098694 cosmic scale factor K is the curvature
jE0nv1asnFY-00393-00098695-00099003 per unit area for an observer observing
jE0nv1asnFY-00394-00099004-00099180 the crest of a light wave at a position
jE0nv1asnFY-00395-00099181-00099634 R
jE0nv1asnFY-00396-00099635-00100249 topic 0 and time t
jE0nv1asnFY-00397-00100250-00100549 tno w the crest of the Lightwave was
jE0nv1asnFY-00398-00100550-00101069 emitted at a time t
jE0nv1asnFY-00399-00101070-00101393 topic t-then in the past and a distant
jE0nv1asnFY-00400-00101394-00101841 position our
jE0nv1asnFY-00401-00101842-00102084 are integrating over the path in both
jE0nv1asnFY-00402-00102085-00102255 space and time that the light wave
jE0nv1asnFY-00403-00102256-00103478 travels yields see t them.2
jE0nv1asnFY-00404-00103479-00105493 Oh W D T a equals r0 d r1 minus k r2
jE0nv1asnFY-00405-00105494-00105758 displaced I'll see in underscore t
jE0nv1asnFY-00406-00105758-00105977 underscore math room then caret T
jE0nv1asnFY-00407-00105978-00106367 underscore math room now frac DT equals
jE0nv1asnFY-00408-00106368-00106721 in underscore our carat zero frac dr.
jE0nv1asnFY-00409-00106722-00107165 Eskew RT 1k our carat - in general the
jE0nv1asnFY-00410-00107166-00107339 wavelength of light is not the same for
jE0nv1asnFY-00411-00107340-00107531 the two positions and times considered
jE0nv1asnFY-00412-00107532-00107696 due to the changing properties of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00413-00107697-00107954 metric when the wave was emitted it had
jE0nv1asnFY-00414-00107955-00108230 a wavelength lambda then the next crest
jE0nv1asnFY-00415-00108231-00108448 of the light wave was emitted at a time
jE0nv1asnFY-00416-00108449-00109966 T equals T t-h-e and plus lambda T H E
jE0nv1asnFY-00417-00109967-00110611 and C display style T equals T
jE0nv1asnFY-00418-00110613-00110852 underscore mathroom then plus lambda
jE0nv1asnFY-00419-00110853-00111275 underscore mathram then see the observer
jE0nv1asnFY-00420-00111276-00111458 sees the next crest of the observed
jE0nv1asnFY-00421-00111458-00111653 light wave with a wavelength lambda now
jE0nv1asnFY-00422-00111654-00112498 to arrive at a time T equals T and
jE0nv1asnFY-00423-00112499-00113623 w + lambda n o w see display styled T
jE0nv1asnFY-00424-00113624-00113899 equals T underscore math room now plus
jE0nv1asnFY-00425-00113900-00114249 lambda underscore math room now see
jE0nv1asnFY-00426-00114250-00114502 since the subsequent crest is again
jE0nv1asnFY-00427-00114503-00114958 emitted from our
jE0nv1asnFY-00428-00114959-00115573 topic are and is observed at our
jE0nv1asnFY-00429-00115574-00115828 zero the following equation can be
jE0nv1asnFY-00430-00115829-00117285 written C T t-h-e and plus lambda T H E
jE0nv1asnFY-00431-00117286-00119133 and C T and O W plus lambda and o w c d
jE0nv1asnFY-00432-00119134-00120886 t a equals r0 d r1 minus k r2 displaced
jE0nv1asnFY-00433-00120888-00121121 i'll see in underscore t underscore
jE0nv1asnFY-00434-00121122-00121333 bathroom then plus lambda underscore
jE0nv1asnFY-00435-00121334-00121607 bathroom then c karat t underscore math
jE0nv1asnFY-00436-00121608-00121856 room now plus lambda underscore bathroom
jE0nv1asnFY-00437-00121857-00122270 now see frac dt equals int underscore
jE0nv1asnFY-00438-00122271-00122708 our carrot zero frac dr s QR t 1 KR
jE0nv1asnFY-00439-00122708-00122931 carrot 2
jE0nv1asnFY-00440-00122932-00123158 the right-hand side of the two integral
jE0nv1asnFY-00441-00123159-00123345 equations above are identical which
jE0nv1asnFY-00442-00123346-00124793 means C T t-h-e and plus lambda T H E
jE0nv1asnFY-00443-00124794-00126617 and C T and O W plus lambda and o w c d
jE0nv1asnFY-00444-00126618-00128058 t a equals c t them.2
jE0nv1asnFY-00445-00128058-00128997 and o w d t a displaced I will see an
jE0nv1asnFY-00446-00128998-00129227 underscore t underscore math room then
jE0nv1asnFY-00447-00129228-00129464 plus lambda underscore math room then
jE0nv1asnFY-00448-00129465-00129740 see carat t underscore math room now
jE0nv1asnFY-00449-00129741-00130013 plus lambda underscore math room now see
jE0nv1asnFY-00450-00130014-00130403 frac DT equals C and underscore t
jE0nv1asnFY-00451-00130404-00130628 underscore math room then carat t
jE0nv1asnFY-00452-00130629-00131106 underscore math erm now frac dt using
jE0nv1asnFY-00453-00131107-00131858 the following manipulation 0 equals t
jE0nv1asnFY-00454-00131859-00132050 t-h-e
jE0nv1asnFY-00455-00132051-00133738 and t and hello w d t a minus t t-h-e
jE0nv1asnFY-00456-00133739-00135436 and plus lambda t h e mc2 and hello W
jE0nv1asnFY-00457-00135437-00135996 plus lambda and
jE0nv1asnFY-00458-00135997-00138281 w c d t a equals t them.2 t-h-e
jE0nv1asnFY-00459-00138282-00140038 plus lambda T H E and C D T a plus T
jE0nv1asnFY-00460-00140039-00140234 t-h-e
jE0nv1asnFY-00461-00140235-00140963 and plus lambda
jE0nv1asnFY-00462-00140964-00141260 t-h-e
jE0nv1asnFY-00463-00141261-00143356 and C T and o w d t a - t t-h-e and plus
jE0nv1asnFY-00464-00143357-00144937 lambda T H E and C T and O W plus lambda
jE0nv1asnFY-00465-00144938-00147501 and o w c d t a equals T the10th e M
jE0nv1asnFY-00466-00147502-00149652 plus lambda t h e m c d t a - t + o w
jE0nv1asnFY-00467-00149653-00151904 t t h e n plus lambda t h e n c d t a+ t
jE0nv1asnFY-00468-00151905-00153570 t h e + + lambda T H E and C T
jE0nv1asnFY-00469-00153571-00155303 n o W plus lambda and o w c d t a equals
jE0nv1asnFY-00470-00155304-00157373 t t h e n t th e n plus lambda t h e
jE0nv1asnFY-00471-00157374-00158104 and C D ta - t and o WT and o W plus
jE0nv1asnFY-00472-00158105-00158423 lambda and Oh W CDT a display style
jE0nv1asnFY-00473-00158424-00158627 begin aligned zero and equals in
jE0nv1asnFY-00474-00158628-00158870 underscore t underscore bathroom then
jE0nv1asnFY-00475-00158871-00159269 karat t underscore math room now frac DT
jE0nv1asnFY-00476-00159270-00159524 end underscore t underscore bathroom
jE0nv1asnFY-00477-00159525-00159743 then plus lambda underscore bathroom
jE0nv1asnFY-00478-00159744-00160025 then C carat T underscore math room now
jE0nv1asnFY-00479-00160026-00160316 plus lambda underscore math room now see
jE0nv1asnFY-00480-00160317-00160700 frac DT and equals in underscore t
jE0nv1asnFY-00481-00160701-00160916 underscore math room then carat t
jE0nv1asnFY-00482-00160917-00161141 underscore bathroom then plus lambda
jE0nv1asnFY-00483-00161142-00161510 underscore bathroom then C frac DT a
jE0nv1asnFY-00484-00161511-00161789 plus in underscore t underscore bathroom
jE0nv1asnFY-00485-00161790-00162008 then plus lambda underscore math room
jE0nv1asnFY-00486-00162009-00162275 then see Karen T underscore math room
jE0nv1asnFY-00487-00162276-00162668 now frac DT in underscore t underscore
jE0nv1asnFY-00488-00162669-00162890 bathroom then plus lambda underscore
jE0nv1asnFY-00489-00162891-00163163 bathroom then C carat t underscore math
jE0nv1asnFY-00490-00163164-00163406 room now plus lambda underscore math
jE0nv1asnFY-00491-00163407-00163790 room now see frac DT and equals in
jE0nv1asnFY-00492-00163791-00164024 underscore t underscore mathroom then
jE0nv1asnFY-00493-00164025-00164276 carat t underscore bathroom then plus
jE0nv1asnFY-00494-00164277-00164582 lambda underscore bathroom then c frac
jE0nv1asnFY-00495-00164583-00164951 dt left and underscore t underscore math
jE0nv1asnFY-00496-00164952-00165194 room now carat t underscore math room
jE0nv1asnFY-00497-00165195-00165410 then plus lambda underscore math room
jE0nv1asnFY-00498-00165411-00165845 then see frac dt a plus in underscore t
jE0nv1asnFY-00499-00165846-00166061 underscore bathroom then plus lambda
jE0nv1asnFY-00500-00166062-00166310 underscore math room then see carat t
jE0nv1asnFY-00501-00166311-00166547 underscore bathroom now plus lambda
jE0nv1asnFY-00502-00166548-00166664 underscore bathroom
jE0nv1asnFY-00503-00166665-00167036 now see frac dt a right and equals in
jE0nv1asnFY-00504-00167037-00167273 underscore t underscore math room then
jE0nv1asnFY-00505-00167274-00167537 carrot t underscore math room then plus
jE0nv1asnFY-00506-00167538-00167951 lambda underscore mathram then c frac DT
jE0nv1asnFY-00507-00167952-00168206 of in underscore t underscore math room
jE0nv1asnFY-00508-00168207-00168446 now carrot t underscore bathroom now
jE0nv1asnFY-00509-00168447-00168719 plus lambda underscore math room now see
jE0nv1asnFY-00510-00168720-00169109 frac dt a end aligned we find that T and
jE0nv1asnFY-00511-00169110-00169407 owt and Oh W
jE0nv1asnFY-00512-00169408-00171224 plus lambda and hello w c d t a equals t
jE0nv1asnFY-00513-00171225-00173238 the10th e and plus lambda t h e m c d t
jE0nv1asnFY-00514-00173239-00173688 a display style in underscore t
jE0nv1asnFY-00515-00173689-00173898 underscore math room now karat t
jE0nv1asnFY-00516-00173899-00174135 underscore math room now plus lambda
jE0nv1asnFY-00517-00174136-00174468 underscore bathroom now see frac dt
jE0nv1asnFY-00518-00174469-00174759 equals in underscore t underscore math
jE0nv1asnFY-00519-00174760-00174996 room then karat t underscore bathroom
jE0nv1asnFY-00520-00174997-00175206 then plus lambda underscore bathroom
jE0nv1asnFY-00521-00175207-00175794 then c frac dt for very small variations
jE0nv1asnFY-00522-00175795-00176025 in time over the period of one cycle of
jE0nv1asnFY-00523-00176026-00176193 a light way the scale factor is
jE0nv1asnFY-00524-00176194-00176728 essentially a constant
jE0nv1asnFY-00525-00176729-00177316 topic and now today enough
jE0nv1asnFY-00526-00177317-00178132 Adam previously this yields T and O W
jE0nv1asnFY-00527-00178133-00178815 plus lambda and Oh W
jE0nv1asnFY-00528-00178816-00179960 C a and o w- t and
jE0nv1asnFY-00529-00179961-00180296 Oh w Hey
jE0nv1asnFY-00530-00180297-00182009 and hello W equals T t h e m+ lambda t h
jE0nv1asnFY-00531-00182010-00184267 e n see a t-h-e and - t t h e and a
jE0nv1asnFY-00532-00184268-00184463 t-h-e
jE0nv1asnFY-00533-00184464-00184976 and displaced idle frac t underscore
jE0nv1asnFY-00534-00184977-00185207 math room now plus lambda underscore
jE0nv1asnFY-00535-00185208-00185459 bathroom now see a underscore math room
jE0nv1asnFY-00536-00185460-00185789 now frac t underscore math room now a
jE0nv1asnFY-00537-00185790-00186122 underscore math room now equals frac t
jE0nv1asnFY-00538-00186123-00186350 underscore bathroom then plus lambda
jE0nv1asnFY-00539-00186351-00186551 underscore math room then see a
jE0nv1asnFY-00540-00186552-00186821 underscore bathroom then frac t
jE0nv1asnFY-00541-00186822-00187025 underscore bathroom then underscore
jE0nv1asnFY-00542-00187026-00187363 bathroom then which can be rewritten as
jE0nv1asnFY-00543-00187364-00188728 lambda and o w lambda T H E and equals a
jE0nv1asnFY-00544-00188729-00190097 and o W a t-h-e and displace title frac
jE0nv1asnFY-00545-00190098-00190343 lambda underscore math room now lambda
jE0nv1asnFY-00546-00190344-00190661 underscore math room then equals frac a
jE0nv1asnFY-00547-00190662-00190880 underscore bathroom now a underscore
jE0nv1asnFY-00548-00190881-00191252 bathroom then using the definition of
jE0nv1asnFY-00549-00191253-00191585 redshift provided above the equation 1
jE0nv1asnFY-00550-00191586-00193334 plus Z equals a and ow8 t-h-e n display
jE0nv1asnFY-00551-00193335-00193688 style 1 plus Z equals frac a underscore
jE0nv1asnFY-00552-00193689-00193910 math room now a underscore math room
jE0nv1asnFY-00553-00193911-00194276 then is obtained in an expanding
jE0nv1asnFY-00554-00194277-00194486 universe such as the one we inhabit the
jE0nv1asnFY-00555-00194487-00194711 scale factor is monotonically increasing
jE0nv1asnFY-00556-00194712-00194801 as time passes
jE0nv1asnFY-00557-00194802-00195059 thus Z is positive and distant galaxies
jE0nv1asnFY-00558-00195060-00195359 appear redshifted using a model of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00559-00195360-00195572 expansion of the universe redshift can
jE0nv1asnFY-00560-00195573-00195737 be related to the age of an observed
jE0nv1asnFY-00561-00195738-00195938 object the so-called cosmic time
jE0nv1asnFY-00562-00195939-00196250 redshift relation denote a density ratio
jE0nv1asnFY-00563-00196251-00197114 is Omega 0 Omega 0 equals Rho Rho
jE0nv1asnFY-00564-00197115-00197507 crit display style Omega underscore 0
jE0nv1asnFY-00565-00197508-00197875 equals frac ro ro underscore text crit
jE0nv1asnFY-00566-00197876-00198095 with row crit the critical density
jE0nv1asnFY-00567-00198096-00198293 demarcating a universe that eventually
jE0nv1asnFY-00568-00198294-00198521 crunches from one that simply expands
jE0nv1asnFY-00569-00198522-00198794 this density is about three hydrogen
jE0nv1asnFY-00570-00198795-00199067 atoms per thousand liters of space at
jE0nv1asnFY-00571-00199068-00199831 large red shifts one finds T Z equals to
jE0nv1asnFY-00572-00199832-00201466 3 H zero Omega 0 1 2 1 plus Z 3 2
jE0nv1asnFY-00573-00201467-00201926 display style T Z equals frac to 3 H
jE0nv1asnFY-00574-00201927-00202187 underscore zero Omega underscore zero
jE0nv1asnFY-00575-00202188-00202510 carrot 1/2 1 plus Z carrot 3 halves
jE0nv1asnFY-00576-00202511-00202799 where H 0 is the present-day Hubble
jE0nv1asnFY-00577-00202800-00203131 constant and Z is the redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00578-00203132-00203340 topic distinguishing between
jE0nv1asnFY-00579-00203341-00203551 cosmological and local effects for
jE0nv1asnFY-00580-00203552-00203800 cosmological redshifts of Z light leaves
jE0nv1asnFY-00581-00203801-00204010 a galaxy which is stationary in its
jE0nv1asnFY-00582-00204011-00204202 local region of space and has eventually
jE0nv1asnFY-00583-00204203-00204436 received by observers who are stationary
jE0nv1asnFY-00584-00204437-00204600 in their own local region of space
jE0nv1asnFY-00585-00204601-00204853 between the galaxies and the observer
jE0nv1asnFY-00586-00204854-00205057 light travels through vast regions of
jE0nv1asnFY-00587-00205058-00205317 expanding space as a result all
jE0nv1asnFY-00588-00205319-00205477 wavelengths of the light are stretched
jE0nv1asnFY-00589-00205478-00205738 by the expansion of space it is as
jE0nv1asnFY-00590-00205739-00205828 simple as that
jE0nv1asnFY-00591-00205829-00206035 Steven Weinberg clarified the increase
jE0nv1asnFY-00592-00206036-00206185 of wavelength from emission to
jE0nv1asnFY-00593-00206186-00206371 absorption of light does not depend on
jE0nv1asnFY-00594-00206371-00206629 the rate of change of 80 here 80 is the
jE0nv1asnFY-00595-00206630-00206833 robertson-walker scale factor at the
jE0nv1asnFY-00596-00206834-00207031 times of emission or absorption but on
jE0nv1asnFY-00597-00207032-00207246 the increase of 80 in the whole period
jE0nv1asnFY-00598-00207248-00207439 from emission to absorption popular
jE0nv1asnFY-00599-00207440-00207613 literature often uses the expression
jE0nv1asnFY-00600-00207614-00207891 Doppler redshift instead of cosmological
jE0nv1asnFY-00601-00207892-00208069 redshift to describe the redshift of
jE0nv1asnFY-00602-00208069-00208290 galaxies dominated by the expansion of
jE0nv1asnFY-00603-00208291-00208486 space-time but the cosmological redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00604-00208487-00208692 is not found using the relativistic
jE0nv1asnFY-00605-00208694-00208890 Doppler equation which is instead
jE0nv1asnFY-00606-00208891-00209094 characterized by special relativity
jE0nv1asnFY-00607-00209096-00209296 thus V greater than C as impossible
jE0nv1asnFY-00608-00209296-00209592 while in contrast V greater than C is
jE0nv1asnFY-00609-00209594-00209821 possible for cosmological redshifts
jE0nv1asnFY-00610-00209821-00209986 because the space which separates the
jE0nv1asnFY-00611-00209987-00210214 objects for example a quasar from the
jE0nv1asnFY-00612-00210215-00210403 earth can expand faster than the speed
jE0nv1asnFY-00613-00210404-00210648 of light more mathematically the
jE0nv1asnFY-00614-00210650-00210814 viewpoint that distant galaxies are
jE0nv1asnFY-00615-00210815-00210982 receding and the viewpoint that the
jE0nv1asnFY-00616-00210983-00211204 space between galaxies is expanding are
jE0nv1asnFY-00617-00211205-00211458 related by changing coordinate systems
jE0nv1asnFY-00618-00211459-00211687 expressing this precisely requires
jE0nv1asnFY-00619-00211688-00211855 working with the mathematics of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00620-00211856-00212067 Freedman robertson-walker metric if the
jE0nv1asnFY-00621-00212069-00212248 universe were contracting instead of
jE0nv1asnFY-00622-00212248-00212461 expanding we would see distant galaxies
jE0nv1asnFY-00623-00212462-00212608 blue shifted by an amount proportional
jE0nv1asnFY-00624-00212609-00213307 to their distance instead of red shifted
jE0nv1asnFY-00625-00213308-00213876 topic gravitational redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00626-00213877-00214041 in the theory of general relativity
jE0nv1asnFY-00627-00214042-00214266 there is time dilation within a
jE0nv1asnFY-00628-00214267-00214533 gravitational well this is known as the
jE0nv1asnFY-00629-00214534-00214760 gravitational redshift or Einstein shift
jE0nv1asnFY-00630-00214761-00214980 the theoretical derivation of this
jE0nv1asnFY-00631-00214981-00215169 effect follows from the Schwarzschild
jE0nv1asnFY-00632-00215169-00215388 solution of the Einstein equations which
jE0nv1asnFY-00633-00215389-00215550 yields the following formula for
jE0nv1asnFY-00634-00215551-00215735 redshift associated with a photon
jE0nv1asnFY-00635-00215736-00215942 traveling in the gravitational field of
jE0nv1asnFY-00636-00215944-00216171 an uncharged non rotating spherically
jE0nv1asnFY-00637-00216171-00217157 symmetric mass one plus Z equals one one
jE0nv1asnFY-00638-00217158-00218235 minus two G M R see to display style one
jE0nv1asnFY-00639-00218236-00218792 plus Z equals frac 1sq RT one frac to GM
jE0nv1asnFY-00640-00218794-00219201 RC carrot two where G is the
jE0nv1asnFY-00641-00219202-00219542 gravitational constant M is the mass of
jE0nv1asnFY-00642-00219544-00219735 the object creating the gravitational
jE0nv1asnFY-00643-00219736-00220038 field R is the radial coordinate of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00644-00220039-00220188 source which is analogous to the
jE0nv1asnFY-00645-00220189-00220371 classical distance from the center of
jE0nv1asnFY-00646-00220371-00220515 the object but is actually a
jE0nv1asnFY-00647-00220516-00220815 Schwarzschild coordinate and C is the
jE0nv1asnFY-00648-00220816-00221013 speed of light this gravitational
jE0nv1asnFY-00649-00221014-00221205 redshift result can be derived from the
jE0nv1asnFY-00650-00221206-00221388 assumptions of special relativity and
jE0nv1asnFY-00651-00221389-00221571 the equivalence principle the full
jE0nv1asnFY-00652-00221571-00221766 theory of general relativity is not
jE0nv1asnFY-00653-00221767-00221979 required the effect is very small but
jE0nv1asnFY-00654-00221980-00222162 measurable on earth using the mossbauer
jE0nv1asnFY-00655-00222163-00222339 effect and was first observed in the
jE0nv1asnFY-00656-00222340-00222617 pound rep cat experiment however it is
jE0nv1asnFY-00657-00222619-00222813 significant near a black hole and as an
jE0nv1asnFY-00658-00222814-00223005 object approaches the event horizon the
jE0nv1asnFY-00659-00223006-00223302 redshift becomes infinite it is also the
jE0nv1asnFY-00660-00223303-00223517 dominant cause of large angular scale
jE0nv1asnFY-00661-00223519-00223731 temperature fluctuations in the cosmic
jE0nv1asnFY-00662-00223732-00223983 microwave background radiation see Sachs
jE0nv1asnFY-00663-00223984-00224563 Wolf effect
jE0nv1asnFY-00664-00224564-00225198 topic observations in astronomy
jE0nv1asnFY-00665-00225200-00225448 the redshift observed in astronomy can
jE0nv1asnFY-00666-00225448-00225601 be measured because the emission and
jE0nv1asnFY-00667-00225602-00225775 absorption spectra for atoms are
jE0nv1asnFY-00668-00225776-00225964 distinctive and well-known calibrated
jE0nv1asnFY-00669-00225965-00226156 from spectroscopic experiments in
jE0nv1asnFY-00670-00226157-00226423 laboratories on earth when the redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00671-00226423-00226630 of various absorption and emission lines
jE0nv1asnFY-00672-00226631-00226846 from a single astronomical object is
jE0nv1asnFY-00673-00226846-00227044 measured Z is found to be remarkably
jE0nv1asnFY-00674-00227044-00227323 constant although distant objects may be
jE0nv1asnFY-00675-00227323-00227530 slightly blurred and lines broadened it
jE0nv1asnFY-00676-00227531-00227709 is by no more than can be explained by
jE0nv1asnFY-00677-00227710-00227896 thermal or mechanical motion of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00678-00227896-00228163 source for these reasons and others the
jE0nv1asnFY-00679-00228164-00228373 consensus among astronomers is that the
jE0nv1asnFY-00680-00228373-00228546 redshifts they observe are due to some
jE0nv1asnFY-00681-00228548-00228727 combination of the three established
jE0nv1asnFY-00682-00228728-00228933 forms of Doppler like redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00683-00228934-00229216 alternative hypotheses and explanations
jE0nv1asnFY-00684-00229217-00229419 for redshift such as tired light are not
jE0nv1asnFY-00685-00229421-00229594 generally considered plausible
jE0nv1asnFY-00686-00229594-00229792 spectroscopy as a measurement is
jE0nv1asnFY-00687-00229792-00230005 considerably more difficult than simple
jE0nv1asnFY-00688-00230006-00230200 photometry which measures the brightness
jE0nv1asnFY-00689-00230201-00230401 of astronomical objects through certain
jE0nv1asnFY-00690-00230402-00230689 filters when photometric data is all
jE0nv1asnFY-00691-00230690-00230890 that is available for example the Hubble
jE0nv1asnFY-00692-00230891-00231060 Deep Field in the Hubble Ultra Deep
jE0nv1asnFY-00693-00231061-00231292 Field astronomers rely on the technique
jE0nv1asnFY-00694-00231292-00231577 for measuring photometric redshifts due
jE0nv1asnFY-00695-00231578-00231748 to the broad wavelength ranges in
jE0nv1asnFY-00696-00231748-00231946 photometric filters and the necessary
jE0nv1asnFY-00697-00231946-00232105 assumptions about the nature of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00698-00232106-00232294 spectrum at the light source errors for
jE0nv1asnFY-00699-00232294-00232471 these sorts of measurements can range up
jE0nv1asnFY-00700-00232471-00232950 to Delta Z
jE0nv1asnFY-00701-00232951-00233334 topic 0.5 and are much less reliable
jE0nv1asnFY-00702-00233335-00233594 than spectroscopic determinations
jE0nv1asnFY-00703-00233594-00233841 however photometer II does at least
jE0nv1asnFY-00704-00233842-00234102 allow a qualitative characterization of
jE0nv1asnFY-00705-00234103-00234402 a redshift for example if a sun-like
jE0nv1asnFY-00706-00234403-00235031 spectrum had a redshift of Z
jE0nv1asnFY-00707-00235032-00235212 one it would be brightest in the
jE0nv1asnFY-00708-00235213-00235406 infrared rather than at the yellow green
jE0nv1asnFY-00709-00235407-00235601 color associated with the peak of its
jE0nv1asnFY-00710-00235602-00235764 blackbody spectrum and the light
jE0nv1asnFY-00711-00235765-00235962 intensity will be reduced in the filter
jE0nv1asnFY-00712-00235963-00236289 by a factor of four one plus Z to both
jE0nv1asnFY-00713-00236290-00236474 the photon count rate and the photon
jE0nv1asnFY-00714-00236475-00236739 energy our redshifted seek a correction
jE0nv1asnFY-00715-00236740-00236896 for more details on the photometric
jE0nv1asnFY-00716-00236897-00237541 consequences of redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00717-00237542-00238098 topic local observations
jE0nv1asnFY-00718-00238100-00238342 in nearby objects within our Milky Way
jE0nv1asnFY-00719-00238342-00238569 galaxy observed redshifts are almost
jE0nv1asnFY-00720-00238571-00238744 always related to the line-of-sight
jE0nv1asnFY-00721-00238744-00238966 velocities associated with the objects
jE0nv1asnFY-00722-00238967-00239233 being observed observations of such
jE0nv1asnFY-00723-00239234-00239437 redshifts and blueshifts have enabled
jE0nv1asnFY-00724-00239438-00239646 astronomers to measure velocities and
jE0nv1asnFY-00725-00239648-00239848 parameterize the masses of the orbiting
jE0nv1asnFY-00726-00239848-00240112 stars in spectroscopic binaries a method
jE0nv1asnFY-00727-00240113-00240358 first employed in 1868 by British
jE0nv1asnFY-00728-00240359-00240640 astronomer William Huggins similarly
jE0nv1asnFY-00729-00240641-00240877 small redshifts and blueshifts detected
jE0nv1asnFY-00730-00240878-00241048 in the spectroscopic measurements of
jE0nv1asnFY-00731-00241048-00241228 individual stars are one way astronomers
jE0nv1asnFY-00732-00241229-00241453 have been able to diagnose and measure
jE0nv1asnFY-00733-00241454-00241630 the presence and characteristics of
jE0nv1asnFY-00734-00241631-00241848 planetary systems around other stars and
jE0nv1asnFY-00735-00241850-00241998 have even made very detailed
jE0nv1asnFY-00736-00242000-00242184 differential measurements of red shifts
jE0nv1asnFY-00737-00242185-00242398 during planetary transits to determine
jE0nv1asnFY-00738-00242398-00242667 precise orbital parameters finally
jE0nv1asnFY-00739-00242669-00242859 detailed measurements of red shifts are
jE0nv1asnFY-00740-00242860-00243096 used in helioseismology to determine the
jE0nv1asnFY-00741-00243098-00243277 precise movements of the photosphere of
jE0nv1asnFY-00742-00243278-00243556 the Sun red shifts have also been used
jE0nv1asnFY-00743-00243557-00243715 to make the first measurements of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00744-00243716-00243964 rotation rates of planets velocities of
jE0nv1asnFY-00745-00243965-00244158 interstellar clouds the rotation of
jE0nv1asnFY-00746-00244159-00244381 galaxies and the dynamics of accretion
jE0nv1asnFY-00747-00244382-00244606 onto neutron stars and black holes which
jE0nv1asnFY-00748-00244607-00244819 exhibit both Doppler and gravitational
jE0nv1asnFY-00749-00244819-00244923 red shifts
jE0nv1asnFY-00750-00244923-00245164 additionally the temperatures of various
jE0nv1asnFY-00751-00245165-00245356 emitting and absorbing objects can be
jE0nv1asnFY-00752-00245357-00245521 obtained by measuring Doppler broadening
jE0nv1asnFY-00753-00245521-00245704 effectively redshifts and blueshifts
jE0nv1asnFY-00754-00245705-00245898 over a single emission or absorption
jE0nv1asnFY-00755-00245900-00246187 line by measuring the broadening and
jE0nv1asnFY-00756-00246188-00246421 shifts of the 21-centimeter hydrogen
jE0nv1asnFY-00757-00246421-00246642 line in different directions astronomers
jE0nv1asnFY-00758-00246644-00246759 have been able to measure the
jE0nv1asnFY-00759-00246760-00246948 recessional velocities of interstellar
jE0nv1asnFY-00760-00246950-00247182 gas which in turn reveals the rotation
jE0nv1asnFY-00761-00247183-00247423 curve of our Milky Way similar
jE0nv1asnFY-00762-00247423-00247569 measurements have been performed on
jE0nv1asnFY-00763-00247571-00247857 other galaxies such as Andromeda as a
jE0nv1asnFY-00764-00247858-00248053 diagnostic tool redshift measurements
jE0nv1asnFY-00765-00248054-00248227 are one of the most important
jE0nv1asnFY-00766-00248228-00248389 spectroscopic measurements made in
jE0nv1asnFY-00767-00248390-00248941 astronomy
jE0nv1asnFY-00768-00248942-00249565 topic extra galactic observations
jE0nv1asnFY-00769-00249566-00249826 the most distant objects exhibit larger
jE0nv1asnFY-00770-00249827-00250015 redshifts corresponding to the Hubble
jE0nv1asnFY-00771-00250016-00250264 flow of the universe the largest
jE0nv1asnFY-00772-00250265-00250473 observed redshift corresponding to the
jE0nv1asnFY-00773-00250475-00250669 greatest distance and farthest back in
jE0nv1asnFY-00774-00250669-00250837 time is that of the cosmic microwave
jE0nv1asnFY-00775-00250838-00251116 background radiation the numerical value
jE0nv1asnFY-00776-00251117-00251673 of its redshift is about Z
jE0nv1asnFY-00777-00251675-00252283 topic 1089 Z
jE0nv1asnFY-00778-00252284-00252587 zero corresponds to present time and it
jE0nv1asnFY-00779-00252588-00252746 shows the state of the universe about
jE0nv1asnFY-00780-00252746-00253052 13.8 billion years ago and three hundred
jE0nv1asnFY-00781-00253053-00253246 seventy-nine thousand years after the
jE0nv1asnFY-00782-00253248-00253415 initial moments of the Big Bang the
jE0nv1asnFY-00783-00253416-00253601 luminous point like cores of quasars
jE0nv1asnFY-00784-00253602-00253907 were the first high redshift Z greater
jE0nv1asnFY-00785-00253908-00254198 than 0.1 objects discovered before the
jE0nv1asnFY-00786-00254198-00254387 improvement of telescopes allowed for
jE0nv1asnFY-00787-00254388-00254534 the discovery of other high-redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00788-00254535-00254894 galaxies for galaxies more distant than
jE0nv1asnFY-00789-00254894-00255080 the local group in the nearby Virgo
jE0nv1asnFY-00790-00255081-00255248 cluster but within a thousand mega
jE0nv1asnFY-00791-00255248-00255440 parsecs or so the redshift is
jE0nv1asnFY-00792-00255441-00255611 approximately proportional to the
jE0nv1asnFY-00793-00255612-00255896 galaxy's distance this correlation was
jE0nv1asnFY-00794-00255896-00256094 first observed by Edwin Hubble and has
jE0nv1asnFY-00795-00256094-00256358 come to be known as Hubble's law Vesto
jE0nv1asnFY-00796-00256359-00256523 Slipher was the first to discover
jE0nv1asnFY-00797-00256523-00256723 galactic redshifts in about the year
jE0nv1asnFY-00798-00256725-00256964 1912 while Hubble correlated slivers
jE0nv1asnFY-00799-00256965-00257144 measurements with distances he measured
jE0nv1asnFY-00800-00257144-00257344 by other means to formulate his law in
jE0nv1asnFY-00801-00257346-00257644 the widely accepted cosmological model
jE0nv1asnFY-00802-00257646-00257879 based on general relativity redshift is
jE0nv1asnFY-00803-00257880-00258059 mainly a result of the expansion of
jE0nv1asnFY-00804-00258060-00258254 space this means that the farther away a
jE0nv1asnFY-00805-00258255-00258482 galaxy is from us the more the space has
jE0nv1asnFY-00806-00258483-00258656 expanded in the time since the light
jE0nv1asnFY-00807-00258657-00258851 left that galaxy so the more the light
jE0nv1asnFY-00808-00258852-00259007 has been stretched the more redshifted
jE0nv1asnFY-00809-00259008-00259214 the lightest and so the faster it
jE0nv1asnFY-00810-00259215-00259378 appears to be moving away from us
jE0nv1asnFY-00811-00259379-00259628 Hubble's law follows in part from the
jE0nv1asnFY-00812-00259629-00259835 Copernican principle because it is
jE0nv1asnFY-00813-00259836-00260054 usually not known how luminous objects
jE0nv1asnFY-00814-00260055-00260228 are measuring the redshift is easier
jE0nv1asnFY-00815-00260229-00260423 than more direct distance measurements
jE0nv1asnFY-00816-00260423-00260596 so redshift is sometimes in practice
jE0nv1asnFY-00817-00260598-00260773 converted to a crude distance
jE0nv1asnFY-00818-00260775-00261013 measurement using Hubble's law
jE0nv1asnFY-00819-00261014-00261257 gravitational interactions of galaxies
jE0nv1asnFY-00820-00261258-00261419 with each other in clusters caused a
jE0nv1asnFY-00821-00261419-00261623 significant scatter in the normal plot
jE0nv1asnFY-00822-00261623-00261866 of the Hubble diagram the peculiar
jE0nv1asnFY-00823-00261867-00262096 velocities associated with galaxies
jE0nv1asnFY-00824-00262098-00262316 superimpose a rough trace of the mass of
jE0nv1asnFY-00825-00262317-00262589 V realized objects in the universe this
jE0nv1asnFY-00826-00262590-00262814 effect leads to such phenomena as nearby
jE0nv1asnFY-00827-00262815-00263041 galaxies such as the Andromeda galaxy
jE0nv1asnFY-00828-00263042-00263261 exhibiting blue shifts as we fall
jE0nv1asnFY-00829-00263262-00263429 towards a common bearer Center and
jE0nv1asnFY-00830-00263430-00263621 redshift maps of clusters showing the
jE0nv1asnFY-00831-00263622-00263813 fingers of God effect due to the scatter
jE0nv1asnFY-00832-00263814-00264011 of peculiar velocities in a roughly
jE0nv1asnFY-00833-00264012-00264263 spherical distribution this added
jE0nv1asnFY-00834-00264264-00264503 component gives cosmologists a chance to
jE0nv1asnFY-00835-00264504-00264656 measure the masses of objects
jE0nv1asnFY-00836-00264657-00264863 independent of the mass to light ratio
jE0nv1asnFY-00837-00264864-00265106 the ratio of a galaxy's mass in solar
jE0nv1asnFY-00838-00265107-00265283 masses to its brightness in solar
jE0nv1asnFY-00839-00265284-00265437 luminosities an import
jE0nv1asnFY-00840-00265438-00265623 tool for measuring dark matter the
jE0nv1asnFY-00841-00265624-00265800 hubble laws linear relationship between
jE0nv1asnFY-00842-00265801-00266022 distance and redshift assumes that the
jE0nv1asnFY-00843-00266023-00266190 rate of expansion of the universe is
jE0nv1asnFY-00844-00266191-00266457 constant however when the universe was
jE0nv1asnFY-00845-00266458-00266688 much younger the expansion rate and thus
jE0nv1asnFY-00846-00266689-00266970 the hubble constant was larger than it
jE0nv1asnFY-00847-00266971-00267228 is today for more distant galaxies then
jE0nv1asnFY-00848-00267229-00267426 whose light has been traveling to us for
jE0nv1asnFY-00849-00267427-00267645 much longer times the approximation of
jE0nv1asnFY-00850-00267646-00267858 constant expansion rate fails and the
jE0nv1asnFY-00851-00267859-00268050 Hubble law becomes a nonlinear integral
jE0nv1asnFY-00852-00268051-00268227 relationship and dependent on the
jE0nv1asnFY-00853-00268228-00268419 history of the expansion rate since the
jE0nv1asnFY-00854-00268420-00268584 emission of the light from the galaxies
jE0nv1asnFY-00855-00268585-00268872 in question observations of the redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00856-00268873-00269079 distance relationship can be used then
jE0nv1asnFY-00857-00269080-00269274 to determine the expansion history of
jE0nv1asnFY-00858-00269275-00269442 the universe and thus the matter and
jE0nv1asnFY-00859-00269443-00269700 energy content while it was long
jE0nv1asnFY-00860-00269701-00269874 believed that the expansion rate has
jE0nv1asnFY-00861-00269875-00270069 been continuously decreasing since the
jE0nv1asnFY-00862-00270070-00270273 Big Bang recent observations of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00863-00270274-00270450 redshift distance relationship using
jE0nv1asnFY-00864-00270451-00270672 Type Ia supernovae have suggested that
jE0nv1asnFY-00865-00270673-00270876 in comparatively recent times the
jE0nv1asnFY-00866-00270877-00271077 expansion rate of the universe has begun
jE0nv1asnFY-00867-00271078-00271632 to accelerate
jE0nv1asnFY-00868-00271633-00272169 topic highest redshifts
jE0nv1asnFY-00869-00272170-00272397 currently the objects with the highest
jE0nv1asnFY-00870-00272398-00272598 known redshifts are galaxies and the
jE0nv1asnFY-00871-00272599-00272892 objects producing gamma-ray bursts the
jE0nv1asnFY-00872-00272893-00273063 most reliable redshifts are from
jE0nv1asnFY-00873-00273064-00273255 spectroscopic data and the highest
jE0nv1asnFY-00874-00273256-00273468 confirmed spectroscopic redshift of a
jE0nv1asnFY-00875-00273469-00273708 galaxy as that of GN Z 11 with a
jE0nv1asnFY-00876-00273709-00273933 redshift of Z equals 11 point one
jE0nv1asnFY-00877-00273934-00274188 corresponding to 400 million years after
jE0nv1asnFY-00878-00274189-00274455 the Big Bang the previous record was
jE0nv1asnFY-00879-00274456-00275487 held by udfy-38135539 at a redshift of Z
jE0nv1asnFY-00880-00275488-00275919 topic 8.6 corresponding to 600 million
jE0nv1asnFY-00881-00275920-00276122 years after the Big Bang
jE0nv1asnFY-00882-00276123-00276432 slightly less reliable our Lyman break
jE0nv1asnFY-00883-00276433-00276648 redshifts the highest of which is the
jE0nv1asnFY-00884-00276649-00277026 lens to galaxy a 1 6 8 9 ZD 1 at a
jE0nv1asnFY-00885-00277027-00277342 redshift Z
jE0nv1asnFY-00886-00277343-00277559 you
jE0nv1asnFY-00887-00277560-00278192 7:5 in the next highest being z
jE0nv1asnFY-00888-00278193-00278597 topic 7.0 the most distant observed
jE0nv1asnFY-00889-00278598-00278804 gamma-ray burst with a spectroscopic
jE0nv1asnFY-00890-00278805-00279251 redshift measurement was GRB o9o 4 to 3
jE0nv1asnFY-00891-00279252-00279865 which had a redshift of Z
jE0nv1asnFY-00892-00279866-00280169 8.2 the most distant known quasar
jE0nv1asnFY-00893-00280170-00280988 foolish J 1 3 4 2 + o 9 - 8 is at Z
jE0nv1asnFY-00894-00280989-00281435 topic 7.5 for the highest known redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00895-00281436-00281945 radio galaxy TN j o9 - 4 - 201 is at a
jE0nv1asnFY-00896-00281946-00282208 redshift Z
jE0nv1asnFY-00897-00282209-00282438 you
jE0nv1asnFY-00898-00282439-00282720 five two in the highest known redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00899-00282721-00282929 molecular material as the detection of
jE0nv1asnFY-00900-00282930-00283119 emission from the co molecule from the
jE0nv1asnFY-00901-00283120-00283872 quasar SDS sj1 1 4 8 + 5251 @z topic 6.4
jE0nv1asnFY-00902-00283873-00284118 - extremely red objects arrows are
jE0nv1asnFY-00903-00284119-00284343 astronomical sources of radiation that
jE0nv1asnFY-00904-00284344-00284510 radiate energy in the red and
jE0nv1asnFY-00905-00284511-00284625 near-infrared part of the
jE0nv1asnFY-00906-00284626-00284766 electromagnetic spectrum
jE0nv1asnFY-00907-00284767-00285029 these may be starburst galaxies that
jE0nv1asnFY-00908-00285030-00285189 have a high redshift accompanied by
jE0nv1asnFY-00909-00285190-00285399 reddening from intervening dust or they
jE0nv1asnFY-00910-00285400-00285584 could be highly redshifted elliptical
jE0nv1asnFY-00911-00285585-00285768 galaxies with an older and therefore
jE0nv1asnFY-00912-00285769-00286062 redder stellar population objects that
jE0nv1asnFY-00913-00286063-00286229 are even redder than arrows are termed
jE0nv1asnFY-00914-00286230-00286488 high / extremely red objects Kiros the
jE0nv1asnFY-00915-00286489-00286676 Cosmic Microwave Background has a
jE0nv1asnFY-00916-00286677-00286965 redshift of Z 1089 corresponding to an
jE0nv1asnFY-00917-00286966-00287289 age of approximately 370 9,000 years
jE0nv1asnFY-00918-00287290-00287459 after the Big Bang in a comoving
jE0nv1asnFY-00919-00287460-00287694 distance of more than 46 billion light
jE0nv1asnFY-00920-00287695-00287967 years the yet to be observed first light
jE0nv1asnFY-00921-00287968-00288198 from the oldest population three stars
jE0nv1asnFY-00922-00288199-00288425 not long after atoms first formed and
jE0nv1asnFY-00923-00288426-00288639 the CMB ceased to be absorbed almost
jE0nv1asnFY-00924-00288640-00288825 completely may have red shifts in the
jE0nv1asnFY-00925-00288826-00289034 range of 20 10 10 and the cosmic
jE0nv1asnFY-00926-00289035-00289235 gravitational wave background emitted
jE0nv1asnFY-00927-00289236-00289446 directly from inflation at a redshift in
jE0nv1asnFY-00928-00289447-00289794 excess of Z greater than 10 25 in June
jE0nv1asnFY-00929-00289795-00289899 2015
jE0nv1asnFY-00930-00289900-00290081 astronomers reported evidence for
jE0nv1asnFY-00931-00290082-00290262 population 3 stars in the cosmos
jE0nv1asnFY-00932-00290263-00290649 redshift 7 galaxies at Z equals 6 point
jE0nv1asnFY-00933-00290650-00290927 6 0 such stars are likely to have
jE0nv1asnFY-00934-00290928-00291182 existed in the very early universe ie at
jE0nv1asnFY-00935-00291183-00291369 high redshift and may have started the
jE0nv1asnFY-00936-00291370-00291543 production of chemical elements heavier
jE0nv1asnFY-00937-00291544-00291710 than hydrogen that are needed for the
jE0nv1asnFY-00938-00291711-00291915 later formation of planets and life as
jE0nv1asnFY-00939-00291916-00292103 we know it
jE0nv1asnFY-00940-00292104-00292527 equals
jE0nv1asnFY-00941-00292528-00293099 topic redshift surveys
jE0nv1asnFY-00942-00293100-00293430 equals with advent of automated
jE0nv1asnFY-00943-00293431-00293586 telescopes and improvements in
jE0nv1asnFY-00944-00293587-00293820 spectroscopes a number of collaborations
jE0nv1asnFY-00945-00293821-00293979 have been made to map the universe in
jE0nv1asnFY-00946-00293980-00294261 redshift space by combining redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00947-00294262-00294483 with angular position data a redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00948-00294484-00294705 survey Maps the 3d distribution of
jE0nv1asnFY-00949-00294706-00294954 matter within a field of the sky these
jE0nv1asnFY-00950-00294955-00295116 observations are used to measure
jE0nv1asnFY-00951-00295117-00295311 properties of the large-scale structure
jE0nv1asnFY-00952-00295312-00295560 of the universe the great wall
jE0nv1asnFY-00953-00295561-00295761 a vast super cluster of galaxies over
jE0nv1asnFY-00954-00295762-00296046 500 million light-years wide provides a
jE0nv1asnFY-00955-00296047-00296202 dramatic example of a large-scale
jE0nv1asnFY-00956-00296203-00296412 structure that redshift surveys can
jE0nv1asnFY-00957-00296413-00296637 detect the first redshift survey was the
jE0nv1asnFY-00958-00296638-00296985 CF a redshift survey started in 1977
jE0nv1asnFY-00959-00296986-00297141 with the initial data collection
jE0nv1asnFY-00960-00297142-00297522 completed in 1982 more recently the 2d
jE0nv1asnFY-00961-00297523-00297729 farad's galaxy redshift survey
jE0nv1asnFY-00962-00297730-00297924 determined the large-scale structure of
jE0nv1asnFY-00963-00297925-00298122 one section of the universe measuring
jE0nv1asnFY-00964-00298123-00298452 redshifts for over 220,000 galaxies data
jE0nv1asnFY-00965-00298453-00298722 collection was completed in 2002 and the
jE0nv1asnFY-00966-00298723-00298941 final dataset was released the 30th of
jE0nv1asnFY-00967-00298942-00299307 June 2003 the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
jE0nv1asnFY-00968-00299308-00299649 sdss is ongoing as of 2013 and aims to
jE0nv1asnFY-00969-00299650-00299805 measure the redshifts of around 3
jE0nv1asnFY-00970-00299806-00300141 million objects SDSS has recorded
jE0nv1asnFY-00971-00300142-00300420 redshifts for galaxies as high as 0.8
jE0nv1asnFY-00972-00300421-00300588 and has been involved in the detection
jE0nv1asnFY-00973-00300589-00301023 of quasars beyond z equals 6 the dep to
jE0nv1asnFY-00974-00301024-00301269 redshift survey uses the Keck telescopes
jE0nv1asnFY-00975-00301270-00301578 with the new Deimos spectrograph a
jE0nv1asnFY-00976-00301579-00301869 follow-up to the pilot program de ep-1
jE0nv1asnFY-00977-00301870-00302139 de p2 is designed to measure faint
jE0nv1asnFY-00978-00302140-00302288 galaxies with redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00979-00302289-00302508 0.7 and above and it is therefore
jE0nv1asnFY-00980-00302509-00302661 planned to provide a high redshift
jE0nv1asnFY-00981-00302662-00303457 complement to sdss and to Dessie ferrets
jE0nv1asnFY-00982-00303458-00303775 topic effects from physical optics or
jE0nv1asnFY-00983-00303776-00304247 radiative transfer
jE0nv1asnFY-00984-00304248-00304496 the interactions in phenomena summarized
jE0nv1asnFY-00985-00304497-00304694 in the subjects of radiative transfer
jE0nv1asnFY-00986-00304695-00304931 and physical optics can result in shifts
jE0nv1asnFY-00987-00304932-00305093 in the wavelength and frequency of
jE0nv1asnFY-00988-00305094-00305399 electromagnetic radiation in such cases
jE0nv1asnFY-00989-00305400-00305618 the shifts correspond to a physical
jE0nv1asnFY-00990-00305619-00305782 energy transfer to matter or other
jE0nv1asnFY-00991-00305783-00305969 photons rather than being by a
jE0nv1asnFY-00992-00305970-00306187 transformation between reference frames
jE0nv1asnFY-00993-00306188-00306467 such shifts can be from such physical
jE0nv1asnFY-00994-00306468-00306662 phenomena as coherence effects or the
jE0nv1asnFY-00995-00306663-00306866 scattering of electromagnetic radiation
jE0nv1asnFY-00996-00306867-00307049 whether from charged elementary
jE0nv1asnFY-00997-00307050-00307256 particles from particulates or from
jE0nv1asnFY-00998-00307257-00307415 fluctuations of the index of refraction
jE0nv1asnFY-00999-00307416-00307679 in a dielectric medium as occurs in the
jE0nv1asnFY-01000-00307680-00307876 radio phenomenon of radio whistlers
jE0nv1asnFY-01001-00307877-00308126 while such phenomena are sometimes
jE0nv1asnFY-01002-00308127-00308428 referred to as redshifts and blueshifts
jE0nv1asnFY-01003-00308429-00308720 in astrophysics light matter
jE0nv1asnFY-01004-00308721-00308894 interactions that result in energy
jE0nv1asnFY-01005-00308895-00309089 shifts in the radiation field are
jE0nv1asnFY-01006-00309090-00309293 generally referred to as reddening
jE0nv1asnFY-01007-00309294-00309647 rather than red shifting which as a term
jE0nv1asnFY-01008-00309648-00309832 is normally reserved for the effects
jE0nv1asnFY-01009-00309833-00310006 discussed above in many circumstances
jE0nv1asnFY-01010-00310007-00310256 scattering causes radiation to redden
jE0nv1asnFY-01011-00310257-00310406 because entropy results in the
jE0nv1asnFY-01012-00310407-00310577 predominance of many low-energy photons
jE0nv1asnFY-01013-00310578-00310810 over few high-energy ones while
jE0nv1asnFY-01014-00310811-00311087 conserving total energy except possibly
jE0nv1asnFY-01015-00311088-00311297 under carefully controlled conditions
jE0nv1asnFY-01016-00311298-00311485 scattering does not produce the same
jE0nv1asnFY-01017-00311486-00311699 relative change in wavelength across the
jE0nv1asnFY-01018-00311700-00311930 whole spectrum that has any calculated Z
jE0nv1asnFY-01019-00311931-00312132 is generally a function of wavelength
jE0nv1asnFY-01020-00312133-00312395 furthermore scattering from random media
jE0nv1asnFY-01021-00312396-00312641 generally occurs at many angles and Z is
jE0nv1asnFY-01022-00312642-00312844 a function of the scattering angle if
jE0nv1asnFY-01023-00312845-00313067 multiple scattering occurs or the
jE0nv1asnFY-01024-00313068-00313247 scattering particles have relative
jE0nv1asnFY-01025-00313248-00313403 motion then there is generally
jE0nv1asnFY-01026-00313404-00313619 distortion of spectral lines as well in
jE0nv1asnFY-01027-00313620-00313847 interstellar astronomy visible spectra
jE0nv1asnFY-01028-00313848-00314000 can appear redder due to scattering
jE0nv1asnFY-01029-00314001-00314237 processes in a phenomenon referred to as
jE0nv1asnFY-01030-00314238-00314396 interstellar reddening similarly
jE0nv1asnFY-01031-00314397-00314555 Rayleigh scattering causes the
jE0nv1asnFY-01032-00314556-00314762 atmospheric reddening of the Sun seen in
jE0nv1asnFY-01033-00314763-00314966 the sunrise or sunset and causes the
jE0nv1asnFY-01034-00314967-00315140 rest of the sky to have the blue color
jE0nv1asnFY-01035-00315141-00315401 this phenomenon is distinct from red
jE0nv1asnFY-01036-00315402-00315580 shifting because the spectroscopic lines
jE0nv1asnFY-01037-00315581-00315784 are not shifted to other wavelengths in
jE0nv1asnFY-01038-00315785-00315923 reddened objects and there is an
jE0nv1asnFY-01039-00315924-00316081 additional dimming and distortion
jE0nv1asnFY-01040-00316082-00316280 associated with the phenomenon due to
jE0nv1asnFY-01041-00316281-00316469 photons being scattered in and out of
jE0nv1asnFY-01042-00316470-00316787 the line of sight for a list of
jE0nv1asnFY-01043-00316788-00317192 scattering processes see scattering