OWrUo3ExIDI-00000-00000074-00000401 electroactive polymers or eaps
OWrUo3ExIDI-00001-00000401-00000655 are polymers that exhibit a change in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00002-00000656-00000935 size or shape when stimulated by an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00003-00000936-00001232 electric field the most common
OWrUo3ExIDI-00004-00001233-00001499 applications of this type of material
OWrUo3ExIDI-00005-00001500-00001893 are in actuators and senses a typical
OWrUo3ExIDI-00006-00001894-00002171 characteristic property of an EAP is
OWrUo3ExIDI-00007-00002172-00002417 that they will undergo a large amount of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00008-00002418-00002663 deformation while sustaining large
OWrUo3ExIDI-00009-00002664-00003062 forces the majority of historic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00010-00003063-00003297 actuators are made of ceramic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00011-00003298-00003590 piezoelectric materials while these
OWrUo3ExIDI-00012-00003590-00003865 materials are able to withstand large
OWrUo3ExIDI-00013-00003867-00004166 forces they commonly will only deform a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00014-00004167-00004579 fraction of a percent in the late 1990s
OWrUo3ExIDI-00015-00004580-00004892 it has been demonstrated that some eaps
OWrUo3ExIDI-00016-00004893-00005129 can exhibit up to a three hundred and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00017-00005130-00005384 eighty percent strain which is much more
OWrUo3ExIDI-00018-00005385-00005729 than any ceramic actuator one of the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00019-00005730-00006052 most common applications for EAPs is in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00020-00006053-00006317 the field of robotics in the development
OWrUo3ExIDI-00021-00006318-00006550 of artificial muscles thus an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00022-00006551-00006820 electroactive polymer is often referred
OWrUo3ExIDI-00023-00006822-00007562 to as an artificial muscle
OWrUo3ExIDI-00024-00007563-00008103 topic history
OWrUo3ExIDI-00025-00008104-00008488 the field of eaps emerged back in 1880
OWrUo3ExIDI-00026-00008489-00008680 when wilhelm rontgen
OWrUo3ExIDI-00027-00008681-00008908 designed an experiment in which he
OWrUo3ExIDI-00028-00008909-00009124 tested the effect of an electrostatic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00029-00009125-00009435 field on the mechanical properties of a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00030-00009436-00009712 stripe of natural rubber the rubber
OWrUo3ExIDI-00031-00009713-00009996 stripe was fixed at one end and was
OWrUo3ExIDI-00032-00009997-00010344 attached to a mass at the other electric
OWrUo3ExIDI-00033-00010345-00010563 charges were then sprayed onto the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00034-00010564-00010774 rubber and it was observed that the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00035-00010775-00011241 length changed it was in 1925 that the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00036-00011242-00011466 first piezoelectric polymer was
OWrUo3ExIDI-00037-00011467-00011802 discovered electorate electorate was
OWrUo3ExIDI-00038-00011803-00012127 formed by combining carnauba wax rosin
OWrUo3ExIDI-00039-00012128-00012346 and beeswax and then cooling the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00040-00012347-00012577 solution while it is subject to an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00041-00012578-00012978 applied DC electrical bias the mixture
OWrUo3ExIDI-00042-00012979-00013225 would then solidify into a polymeric
OWrUo3ExIDI-00043-00013226-00013483 material that exhibited a piezoelectric
OWrUo3ExIDI-00044-00013484-00013885 effect polymers that respond to
OWrUo3ExIDI-00045-00013886-00014146 environmental conditions other than an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00046-00014147-00014406 applied electric current have also been
OWrUo3ExIDI-00047-00014407-00014775 a large part of this area of study in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00048-00014776-00015199 1949 catch all Ski al demonstrated that
OWrUo3ExIDI-00049-00015200-00015427 when collagen filaments are dipped in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00050-00015428-00015694 acid or alkali solutions they would
OWrUo3ExIDI-00051-00015694-00016027 respond with a change in volume the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00052-00016028-00016297 collagen filaments were found to expand
OWrUo3ExIDI-00053-00016297-00016587 in an acidic solution and contract in an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00054-00016588-00016959 alkali solution although other stimuli
OWrUo3ExIDI-00055-00016960-00017322 such as pH have been investigated due to
OWrUo3ExIDI-00056-00017323-00017583 its ease and practicality most research
OWrUo3ExIDI-00057-00017584-00017872 has been devoted to developing polymers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00058-00017873-00018144 that respond to electrical stimuli in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00059-00018145-00018565 order to mimic biological systems the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00060-00018566-00018853 next major breakthrough in EAPs took
OWrUo3ExIDI-00061-00018854-00019437 place in the late 1960s in 1969 Kawai
OWrUo3ExIDI-00062-00019438-00019644 demonstrated that poly vinylidene
OWrUo3ExIDI-00063-00019645-00020003 fluoride PVDF exhibits a large
OWrUo3ExIDI-00064-00020004-00020322 piezoelectric effect this sparked
OWrUo3ExIDI-00065-00020323-00020559 research interest in developing other
OWrUo3ExIDI-00066-00020560-00020772 polymers systems that would show a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00067-00020773-00021221 similar effect in 1977 the first
OWrUo3ExIDI-00068-00021222-00021496 electrically conducting polymers were
OWrUo3ExIDI-00069-00021497-00021910 discovered by Hideki Shirokov al-shura
OWrUo3ExIDI-00070-00021911-00022186 car along with Allen McDermid and Allen
OWrUo3ExIDI-00071-00022187-00022426 Hagar demonstrated that polyacetylene
OWrUo3ExIDI-00072-00022427-00022708 was electrically conductive and that by
OWrUo3ExIDI-00073-00022709-00022951 doping it with iodine vapor they could
OWrUo3ExIDI-00074-00022952-00023236 enhance its conductivity by eight orders
OWrUo3ExIDI-00075-00023237-00023362 of magnitude
OWrUo3ExIDI-00076-00023363-00023683 thus the conductance was close to that
OWrUo3ExIDI-00077-00023684-00024055 of a metal by the late 1980s the number
OWrUo3ExIDI-00078-00024056-00024283 of other polymers had been shown to
OWrUo3ExIDI-00079-00024284-00024571 exhibit a piezoelectric effect or were
OWrUo3ExIDI-00080-00024572-00024940 demonstrated to be conductive in the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00081-00024941-00025231 early 1990s ionic polymer metal
OWrUo3ExIDI-00082-00025232-00025576 composites IP mcs were developed and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00083-00025577-00025786 shown to exhibit electro active
OWrUo3ExIDI-00084-00025787-00026083 properties far superior to previous he
OWrUo3ExIDI-00085-00026083-00026554 aps the major advantage of IP mcs was
OWrUo3ExIDI-00086-00026555-00026814 that they were able to show activation
OWrUo3ExIDI-00087-00026814-00027177 deformation at voltages as low as 1 or 2
OWrUo3ExIDI-00088-00027179-00027556 volts this is orders of magnitude less
OWrUo3ExIDI-00089-00027557-00027970 than any previous EAP not only was the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00090-00027970-00028189 activation energy for these materials
OWrUo3ExIDI-00091-00028189-00028501 much lower but they could also undergo
OWrUo3ExIDI-00092-00028502-00028945 much larger deformations IP mcs were
OWrUo3ExIDI-00093-00028945-00029260 shown to exhibit anywhere up to 380
OWrUo3ExIDI-00094-00029261-00029527 percent strain orders of magnitude
OWrUo3ExIDI-00095-00029527-00029889 larger than previously developed EAPs in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00096-00029889-00030238 1999 Yosef bar Cohen proposed the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00097-00030239-00030532 armwrestling match of EAP robotic arm
OWrUo3ExIDI-00098-00030533-00030852 against human challenge this was a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00099-00030854-00031087 challenge in which research groups
OWrUo3ExIDI-00100-00031088-00031342 around the world competed to design a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00101-00031343-00031687 robotic arm consisting of EAP muscles
OWrUo3ExIDI-00102-00031688-00031906 that could defeat a human in an arm
OWrUo3ExIDI-00103-00031907-00032257 wrestling match the first challenge was
OWrUo3ExIDI-00104-00032258-00032488 held at the electroactive polymer
OWrUo3ExIDI-00105-00032489-00032937 actuators and devices conference in 2005
OWrUo3ExIDI-00106-00032938-00033286 another major milestone of the field is
OWrUo3ExIDI-00107-00033287-00033463 that the first commercially developed
OWrUo3ExIDI-00108-00033464-00033796 device including eaps as an artificial
OWrUo3ExIDI-00109-00033797-00034219 muscle was produced in 2002 by MX in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00110-00034220-00034588 Japan this device was a fish that was
OWrUo3ExIDI-00111-00034589-00034889 able to swim on its own moving its tail
OWrUo3ExIDI-00112-00034890-00035287 using an EAP muscle but the progress in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00113-00035288-00035518 practical development has not been
OWrUo3ExIDI-00114-00035519-00035840 satisfactory dar PA phone did research
OWrUo3ExIDI-00115-00035841-00036173 in the 1990s at SRI international and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00116-00036174-00036404 led by Ron Pell Rhine developed an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00117-00036405-00036701 electroactive polymer using silicon and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00118-00036702-00036992 acrylic polymers the technology was spun
OWrUo3ExIDI-00119-00036993-00037256 off into the company artificial muscle
OWrUo3ExIDI-00120-00037257-00037601 in 2003 with industrial production
OWrUo3ExIDI-00121-00037602-00038096 beginning in 2008 in 2010 artificial
OWrUo3ExIDI-00122-00038097-00038314 muscle became a subsidiary of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00123-00038315-00039000 biomaterial shant's
OWrUo3ExIDI-00124-00039001-00039562 topic types
OWrUo3ExIDI-00125-00039563-00039937 EAP can have several configurations but
OWrUo3ExIDI-00126-00039938-00040199 are generally divided in two principle
OWrUo3ExIDI-00127-00040200-00040967 classes dielectric and ionic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00128-00040968-00041552 topic dielectric
OWrUo3ExIDI-00129-00041553-00041899 dielectric EAPs are materials in which
OWrUo3ExIDI-00130-00041900-00042212 actuation is caused by electrostatic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00131-00042213-00042471 forces between two electrodes which
OWrUo3ExIDI-00132-00042472-00042774 squeeze the polymer dielectric
OWrUo3ExIDI-00133-00042775-00043011 elastomers are capable of very high
OWrUo3ExIDI-00134-00043012-00043211 strains and are fundamentally a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00135-00043212-00043493 capacitor that changes its capacitance
OWrUo3ExIDI-00136-00043494-00043752 when a voltage is applied by allowing
OWrUo3ExIDI-00137-00043753-00044015 the polymer to compress in thickness and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00138-00044016-00044358 expand in area due to the electric field
OWrUo3ExIDI-00139-00044359-00044708 this type of EAP typically requires a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00140-00044709-00045024 large actuation voltage to produce high
OWrUo3ExIDI-00141-00045025-00045327 electric fields hundreds to thousands of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00142-00045328-00045582 volts but very low electrical power
OWrUo3ExIDI-00143-00045583-00046023 consumption dielectric EAPs require no
OWrUo3ExIDI-00144-00046024-00046293 power to keep the actuator at a given
OWrUo3ExIDI-00145-00046294-00046689 position examples are elect restrictive
OWrUo3ExIDI-00146-00046690-00047390 polymers and dielectric elastomers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00147-00047391-00048033 topic ferroelectric polymers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00148-00048034-00048280 ferroelectric polymers are a group of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00149-00048281-00048558 crystalline polar polymers that are also
OWrUo3ExIDI-00150-00048559-00048777 ferroelectric meaning that they maintain
OWrUo3ExIDI-00151-00048778-00049089 a permanent electric polarization that
OWrUo3ExIDI-00152-00049090-00049327 can be reversed or switched in an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00153-00049328-00049689 external electric field ferroelectric
OWrUo3ExIDI-00154-00049690-00049918 polymers such as poly vinylidene
OWrUo3ExIDI-00155-00049919-00050280 fluoride PVDF are used in acoustic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00156-00050281-00050473 transducers and electromechanical
OWrUo3ExIDI-00157-00050474-00050777 actuators because of their inherent
OWrUo3ExIDI-00158-00050778-00051033 piezoelectric response and as heat
OWrUo3ExIDI-00159-00051034-00051258 sensors because of their inherent
OWrUo3ExIDI-00160-00051259-00051917 pyroelectric response
OWrUo3ExIDI-00161-00051919-00052611 topic elect restrictive graphed polymers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00162-00052612-00052941 electro strict if graft polymers consist
OWrUo3ExIDI-00163-00052941-00053186 of flexible backbone chains with
OWrUo3ExIDI-00164-00053187-00053594 branching side chains the side chains on
OWrUo3ExIDI-00165-00053595-00053861 neighboring backbone polymers cross link
OWrUo3ExIDI-00166-00053862-00054230 and form crystal units the backbone and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00167-00054231-00054540 side chain crystal units can then form
OWrUo3ExIDI-00168-00054541-00054836 polarized monomers which contain atoms
OWrUo3ExIDI-00169-00054837-00055140 with partial charges and generate dipole
OWrUo3ExIDI-00170-00055141-00055493 moments shown in Figure 2 when an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00171-00055494-00055791 electrical field is applied a force is
OWrUo3ExIDI-00172-00055791-00056028 applied to each partial charge and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00173-00056029-00056261 causes rotation of the whole polymer
OWrUo3ExIDI-00174-00056262-00056657 unit this rotation causes Electress
OWrUo3ExIDI-00175-00056658-00056910 tricked of strain and deformation of the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00176-00056911-00057400 polymer
OWrUo3ExIDI-00177-00057401-00057711 topic liquid crystalline polymers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00178-00057712-00058061 [Music]
OWrUo3ExIDI-00179-00058062-00058289 maintain liquid crystalline polymers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00180-00058290-00058596 have message Enic groups linked to each
OWrUo3ExIDI-00181-00058597-00058995 other by a flexible spacer the mesogens
OWrUo3ExIDI-00182-00058996-00059255 within a backbone form the mezzo phase
OWrUo3ExIDI-00183-00059257-00059547 structure causing the polymer itself to
OWrUo3ExIDI-00184-00059548-00059838 adopt a conformation compatible with the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00185-00059839-00060174 structure of the mezzo phase the direct
OWrUo3ExIDI-00186-00060175-00060411 coupling of the liquid crystalline order
OWrUo3ExIDI-00187-00060412-00060704 with the polymer conformation has given
OWrUo3ExIDI-00188-00060705-00060978 main chain liquid crystalline elastomers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00189-00060979-00061355 a large amount of interest the synthesis
OWrUo3ExIDI-00190-00061357-00061647 of highly oriented elastomers leads to
OWrUo3ExIDI-00191-00061648-00061920 have a large strain thermal actuation
OWrUo3ExIDI-00192-00061921-00062172 along the polymer chain direction with
OWrUo3ExIDI-00193-00062173-00062427 temperature variation resulting in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00194-00062428-00062652 unique mechanical properties and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00195-00062653-00062922 potential applications as mechanical
OWrUo3ExIDI-00196-00062923-00063541 actuators
OWrUo3ExIDI-00197-00063542-00064066 topic ionic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00198-00064067-00064468 ionic EAPs in which actuation is caused
OWrUo3ExIDI-00199-00064469-00064762 by the displacement of ions inside the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00200-00064763-00065113 polymer only a few volts are needed for
OWrUo3ExIDI-00201-00065114-00065398 actuation but the ionic flow implies a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00202-00065399-00065635 higher electrical power needed for
OWrUo3ExIDI-00203-00065636-00065929 actuation and energy is needed to keep
OWrUo3ExIDI-00204-00065930-00066249 the actuator at a given position
OWrUo3ExIDI-00205-00066250-00066619 examples of ionic eaps conductive
OWrUo3ExIDI-00206-00066620-00066891 polymers ionic polymer metal composites
OWrUo3ExIDI-00207-00066892-00067346 IPM cease and responsive gels yet
OWrUo3ExIDI-00208-00067347-00067673 another example is a bucket gel actuator
OWrUo3ExIDI-00209-00067674-00067940 which is a polymer supported layer of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00210-00067941-00068206 polyelectrolyte material consisting of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00211-00068207-00068476 an ionic liquid sandwiched between two
OWrUo3ExIDI-00212-00068477-00068753 electrode layers consisting of a gel of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00213-00068754-00069019 ionic liquid containing single wall
OWrUo3ExIDI-00214-00069020-00069412 carbon nanotubes the name comes from the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00215-00069413-00069676 similarity of the gel to the paper that
OWrUo3ExIDI-00216-00069677-00069901 can be made by filtering carbon
OWrUo3ExIDI-00217-00069902-00070650 nanotubes the so-called buckypaper
OWrUo3ExIDI-00218-00070651-00071279 topic electri illogical fluid
OWrUo3ExIDI-00219-00071280-00071583 electri illogical fluids change the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00220-00071584-00071808 viscosity of a solution with the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00221-00071809-00072147 application of an electric field the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00222-00072148-00072438 fluid is a suspension of polymers in a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00223-00072439-00072791 low dielectric constant liquid with the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00224-00072792-00073053 application of a large electric field
OWrUo3ExIDI-00225-00073054-00073290 the viscosity of the suspension
OWrUo3ExIDI-00226-00073291-00073665 increases potential applications of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00227-00073666-00073926 these fluids include shock absorbers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00228-00073927-00074683 engine mounts and acoustic dampers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00229-00074684-00075352 topic ionic polymer metal composite
OWrUo3ExIDI-00230-00075353-00075685 ionic polymer metal composites consists
OWrUo3ExIDI-00231-00075686-00075928 of a thin ion america membrane with
OWrUo3ExIDI-00232-00075929-00076195 noble metal electrodes plated on its
OWrUo3ExIDI-00233-00076196-00076612 surface it also has cations to balance
OWrUo3ExIDI-00234-00076613-00076867 the charge of the anions fixed to the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00235-00076868-00077181 polymer backbone they are very active
OWrUo3ExIDI-00236-00077182-00077418 actuators that show very high
OWrUo3ExIDI-00237-00077419-00077698 deformation at low applied voltage and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00238-00077699-00078088 show low impedance ionic polymer metal
OWrUo3ExIDI-00239-00078089-00078346 composites work through electrostatic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00240-00078347-00078616 attraction between the cationic counter
OWrUo3ExIDI-00241-00078617-00078835 ions and the cathode of the applied
OWrUo3ExIDI-00242-00078836-00079018 electric field a schematic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00243-00079019-00079335 representation is shown in Figure three
OWrUo3ExIDI-00244-00079336-00079645 these types of polymers show the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00245-00079646-00079969 greatest promise for biomimetic users as
OWrUo3ExIDI-00246-00079970-00080242 collagen fibers are essentially composed
OWrUo3ExIDI-00247-00080243-00080668 of natural charged ionic polymers Navion
OWrUo3ExIDI-00248-00080669-00080932 and Flemmi and are commonly used ionic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00249-00080933-00081552 polymer metal composites
OWrUo3ExIDI-00250-00081553-00082237 topic stimuli responsive gels
OWrUo3ExIDI-00251-00082238-00082643 stimuli responsive gels hydro gels when
OWrUo3ExIDI-00252-00082644-00082820 the swelling agent is an aqueous
OWrUo3ExIDI-00253-00082821-00083129 solution are a special kind of swellable
OWrUo3ExIDI-00254-00083130-00083366 polymer networks with volume phase
OWrUo3ExIDI-00255-00083367-00083735 transition behavior these materials
OWrUo3ExIDI-00256-00083736-00084053 change reversibly their volume optical
OWrUo3ExIDI-00257-00084054-00084353 mechanical and other properties by very
OWrUo3ExIDI-00258-00084354-00084698 small alterations of certain physical eg
OWrUo3ExIDI-00259-00084699-00084977 electric field light temperature or
OWrUo3ExIDI-00260-00084978-00085427 chemical concentrations stimuli the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00261-00085428-00085709 volume change of these materials occurs
OWrUo3ExIDI-00262-00085710-00086012 by swelling shrinking and is diffusion
OWrUo3ExIDI-00263-00086013-00086414 based gels provide the biggest change in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00264-00086415-00086771 volume of solid state materials combined
OWrUo3ExIDI-00265-00086772-00087017 with an excellent compatibility with
OWrUo3ExIDI-00266-00087018-00087260 micro fabrication technologies
OWrUo3ExIDI-00267-00087261-00087599 especially stimuli responsive hydro gels
OWrUo3ExIDI-00268-00087600-00087851 are of strong increasing interest for
OWrUo3ExIDI-00269-00087852-00088207 micro systems with sensors and actuators
OWrUo3ExIDI-00270-00088208-00088463 current fields of research and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00271-00088464-00088739 application a chemical sensor systems
OWrUo3ExIDI-00272-00088740-00089072 micro fluidics and multimodal imaging
OWrUo3ExIDI-00273-00089073-00089690 systems
OWrUo3ExIDI-00274-00089691-00090122 topic comparison of dielectric and ionic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00275-00090123-00090598 EAPs
OWrUo3ExIDI-00276-00090599-00090875 dielectric polymers are able to hold
OWrUo3ExIDI-00277-00090876-00091085 their induced displacement while
OWrUo3ExIDI-00278-00091086-00091513 activated under a DC voltage this allows
OWrUo3ExIDI-00279-00091514-00091809 dielectric polymers to be considered for
OWrUo3ExIDI-00280-00091810-00092123 robotic applications these types of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00281-00092124-00092369 materials also have high mechanical
OWrUo3ExIDI-00282-00092370-00092675 energy density and can be operated in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00283-00092676-00092906 air without a major decrease in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00284-00092907-00093299 performance however dielectric polymers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00285-00093300-00093597 require very high activation fields
OWrUo3ExIDI-00286-00093598-00093824 greater than 10 volts per micrometer
OWrUo3ExIDI-00287-00093825-00094138 that are close to the breakdown level
OWrUo3ExIDI-00288-00094139-00094515 the activation of ionic polymers on the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00289-00094516-00094855 other hand requires only 1 to 2 volts
OWrUo3ExIDI-00290-00094856-00095166 they however need to maintain wetness
OWrUo3ExIDI-00291-00095167-00095421 those some polymers have been developed
OWrUo3ExIDI-00292-00095422-00095636 as self-contained encapsulated
OWrUo3ExIDI-00293-00095637-00095922 activators which allows the use in dry
OWrUo3ExIDI-00294-00095923-00096315 environments ionic polymers also have a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00295-00096316-00096623 low electromechanical coupling they are
OWrUo3ExIDI-00296-00096624-00097453 however ideal for biomimetic devices
OWrUo3ExIDI-00297-00097454-00098099 topic characterization
OWrUo3ExIDI-00298-00098100-00098311 while there are many different ways
OWrUo3ExIDI-00299-00098312-00098518 electroactive polymers can be
OWrUo3ExIDI-00300-00098519-00098761 characterized only three will be
OWrUo3ExIDI-00301-00098762-00098986 addressed here stress-strain curve
OWrUo3ExIDI-00302-00098987-00099292 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00303-00099293-00100041 dielectric thermal analysis
OWrUo3ExIDI-00304-00100042-00100668 topic stress-strain curve
OWrUo3ExIDI-00305-00100669-00100959 stress-strain curves provide information
OWrUo3ExIDI-00306-00100960-00101268 about the polymers mechanical properties
OWrUo3ExIDI-00307-00101269-00101561 such as the brittleness elasticity and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00308-00101562-00101861 yield strength of the polymer this is
OWrUo3ExIDI-00309-00101862-00102147 done by providing a force to the polymer
OWrUo3ExIDI-00310-00102148-00102380 at a uniform rate and measuring the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00311-00102381-00102777 deformation that results an example of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00312-00102778-00103071 this deformation is shown in Figure four
OWrUo3ExIDI-00313-00103072-00103361 this technique is useful for determining
OWrUo3ExIDI-00314-00103363-00103733 the type of material brittle tough etc
OWrUo3ExIDI-00315-00103734-00103994 but it is a destructive technique as the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00316-00103995-00104238 stress is increased until the polymer
OWrUo3ExIDI-00317-00104239-00104826 fractures
OWrUo3ExIDI-00318-00104827-00105171 topic dynamic mechanical thermal
OWrUo3ExIDI-00319-00105172-00105726 analysis DMT a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00320-00105727-00106053 both dynamic mechanical analysis is a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00321-00106054-00106338 non-destructive technique that is useful
OWrUo3ExIDI-00322-00106339-00106558 in understanding the mechanism of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00323-00106559-00106983 deformation at a molecular level in DMT
OWrUo3ExIDI-00324-00106983-00107279 a of sinusoidal stress is applied to the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00325-00107280-00107501 polymer and based on the polymers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00326-00107502-00107775 deformation the elastic modulus and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00327-00107776-00108008 damping characteristics are obtained
OWrUo3ExIDI-00328-00108009-00108249 assuming the polymer is a damped
OWrUo3ExIDI-00329-00108250-00108621 harmonic oscillator elastic materials
OWrUo3ExIDI-00330-00108622-00108882 take the mechanical energy of the stress
OWrUo3ExIDI-00331-00108883-00109149 and convert it into potential energy
OWrUo3ExIDI-00332-00109150-00109491 which can later be recovered an ideal
OWrUo3ExIDI-00333-00109492-00109728 spring will use all the potential energy
OWrUo3ExIDI-00334-00109729-00110036 to regain its original shape no damping
OWrUo3ExIDI-00335-00110038-00110268 while a liquid will use all the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00336-00110269-00110544 potential energy to flow never returning
OWrUo3ExIDI-00337-00110545-00110823 to its original position or shape high
OWrUo3ExIDI-00338-00110824-00111179 damping a viscoelastic polymer will
OWrUo3ExIDI-00339-00111180-00111444 exhibit a combination of both types of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00340-00111445-00112026 behavior
OWrUo3ExIDI-00341-00112027-00112769 topic dielectric thermal analysis data
OWrUo3ExIDI-00342-00112770-00113183 data is similar to DMT a but instead of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00343-00113184-00113445 an alternating mechanical force an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00344-00113446-00113726 alternating electric field is applied
OWrUo3ExIDI-00345-00113727-00114020 the applied field can lead to
OWrUo3ExIDI-00346-00114021-00114276 polarization of the sample and if the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00347-00114277-00114477 polymer contains groups that have
OWrUo3ExIDI-00348-00114478-00114795 permanent dipoles as in Figure two they
OWrUo3ExIDI-00349-00114796-00115133 will align with the electrical field the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00350-00115134-00115377 permittivity can be measured from the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00351-00115378-00115668 change in amplitude and resolved into a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00352-00115669-00115964 dielectric storage and loss components
OWrUo3ExIDI-00353-00115965-00116313 the electric displacement field can also
OWrUo3ExIDI-00354-00116314-00116582 be measured by following the current
OWrUo3ExIDI-00355-00116583-00116928 once the field is removed the dipoles
OWrUo3ExIDI-00356-00116929-00117165 will relax back into a random
OWrUo3ExIDI-00357-00117166-00117804 orientation
OWrUo3ExIDI-00358-00117805-00118420 topic applications
OWrUo3ExIDI-00359-00118421-00118815 EAP materials can be easily manufactured
OWrUo3ExIDI-00360-00118816-00119083 into various shapes due to the ease in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00361-00119083-00119344 processing many polymeric materials
OWrUo3ExIDI-00362-00119345-00119758 making them very versatile materials one
OWrUo3ExIDI-00363-00119758-00120087 potential application for EAPs is that
OWrUo3ExIDI-00364-00120088-00120331 they can potentially be integrated into
OWrUo3ExIDI-00365-00120332-00120583 micro electromechanical systems
OWrUo3ExIDI-00366-00120583-00121391 MEMS to produce smart actuators
OWrUo3ExIDI-00367-00121392-00122025 topic artificial muscles
OWrUo3ExIDI-00368-00122026-00122292 as the most prospective practical
OWrUo3ExIDI-00369-00122293-00122613 research direction EAPs have been used
OWrUo3ExIDI-00370-00122614-00122976 in artificial muscles their ability to
OWrUo3ExIDI-00371-00122977-00123270 emulate the operation of biological
OWrUo3ExIDI-00372-00123271-00123471 muscles with high fracture toughness
OWrUo3ExIDI-00373-00123472-00123789 large actuation strain and inherent
OWrUo3ExIDI-00374-00123790-00124068 vibration damping draw the attention of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00375-00124069-00124771 scientists in this field
OWrUo3ExIDI-00376-00124772-00125400 topic tactile displays
OWrUo3ExIDI-00377-00125401-00125826 in recent years electroactive polymers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00378-00125827-00126189 for refreshable Braille displays has
OWrUo3ExIDI-00379-00126190-00126461 emerged to aid the visually impaired in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00380-00126463-00126714 fast reading and computer assisted
OWrUo3ExIDI-00381-00126715-00127098 communication this concept is based on
OWrUo3ExIDI-00382-00127099-00127428 using an EAP actuator configured in an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00383-00127429-00127803 array form rows of electrodes on one
OWrUo3ExIDI-00384-00127804-00128100 side of an EAP film and columns on the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00385-00128101-00128394 other activate individual elements in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00386-00128395-00128751 the array each element is mounted with a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00387-00128752-00129024 Braille dot and is lowered by applying a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00388-00129025-00129233 voltage across the thickness of the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00389-00129234-00129525 selected element causing local thickness
OWrUo3ExIDI-00390-00129526-00129906 reduction under computer control dots
OWrUo3ExIDI-00391-00129907-00130154 would be activated to create tactile
OWrUo3ExIDI-00392-00130155-00130440 patterns of highs and lows representing
OWrUo3ExIDI-00393-00130441-00130824 the information to be read visual and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00394-00130825-00131121 tactile impressions of a virtual surface
OWrUo3ExIDI-00395-00131122-00131324 are displayed by a high resolution
OWrUo3ExIDI-00396-00131325-00131727 tactile display a so-called artificial
OWrUo3ExIDI-00397-00131728-00132111 skin Figg point 6 these monolithic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00398-00132112-00132365 devices consists of an array of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00399-00132366-00132620 thousands of multimodal modulators
OWrUo3ExIDI-00400-00132621-00132941 actuator pixels based on stimuli
OWrUo3ExIDI-00401-00132942-00133359 responsive hydrogels each modulator is
OWrUo3ExIDI-00402-00133360-00133581 able to change individually the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00403-00133582-00133977 transmission height and softness besides
OWrUo3ExIDI-00404-00133978-00134247 their possible users graphic displays
OWrUo3ExIDI-00405-00134248-00134535 for visually impaired such displays are
OWrUo3ExIDI-00406-00134536-00134811 interesting as free programmable keys of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00407-00134812-00135511 touch pads and consoles
OWrUo3ExIDI-00408-00135512-00136110 topic microfluidics
OWrUo3ExIDI-00409-00136111-00136455 EAP materials have huge potential for
OWrUo3ExIDI-00410-00136456-00136761 micro fluidics eg as drug delivery
OWrUo3ExIDI-00411-00136762-00137064 systems microfluidic devices and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00412-00137065-00137160 lab-on-a-chip
OWrUo3ExIDI-00413-00137161-00137592 a first microfluidic platform technology
OWrUo3ExIDI-00414-00137593-00137850 reported in literature is based on
OWrUo3ExIDI-00415-00137851-00138252 stimuli responsive gels to avoid the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00416-00138253-00138551 electrolysis of water hydro gel based
OWrUo3ExIDI-00417-00138552-00138855 microfluidic devices are mainly based on
OWrUo3ExIDI-00418-00138856-00139101 temperature responsive polymers with
OWrUo3ExIDI-00419-00139102-00139481 lower critical solution temperature lcst
OWrUo3ExIDI-00420-00139482-00139734 characteristics which are controlled by
OWrUo3ExIDI-00421-00139735-00140091 an electro thermic interface two types
OWrUo3ExIDI-00422-00140092-00140352 of micro pumps are known a diffusion
OWrUo3ExIDI-00423-00140353-00140708 micro pump and a displacement micro pump
OWrUo3ExIDI-00424-00140709-00141038 micro valves based on stimuli responsive
OWrUo3ExIDI-00425-00141039-00141317 hydro gels show some advantageous
OWrUo3ExIDI-00426-00141318-00141660 properties such as particle tolerance no
OWrUo3ExIDI-00427-00141661-00141861 leakage and outstanding pressure
OWrUo3ExIDI-00428-00141862-00142007 resistance
OWrUo3ExIDI-00429-00142008-00142329 besides these microfluidic standard
OWrUo3ExIDI-00430-00142330-00142578 components the hydrogel platform
OWrUo3ExIDI-00431-00142579-00142866 provides also chemical sensors and a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00432-00142867-00143160 novel class of micro fluidic components
OWrUo3ExIDI-00433-00143161-00143454 the chemical transistors also referred
OWrUo3ExIDI-00434-00143455-00143829 as gemma stat valves these devices
OWrUo3ExIDI-00435-00143830-00144137 regulate a liquid flow if a threshold
OWrUo3ExIDI-00436-00144138-00144390 concentration of certain chemical is
OWrUo3ExIDI-00437-00144391-00144774 reached Chemical transistors form the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00438-00144775-00145080 basis of micro Comeau mechanical fluidic
OWrUo3ExIDI-00439-00145081-00145457 integrated circuits chemical icees
OWrUo3ExIDI-00440-00145458-00145743 process exclusively chemical information
OWrUo3ExIDI-00441-00145744-00146045 a energy self-powered operate
OWrUo3ExIDI-00442-00146046-00146259 automatically and are able for
OWrUo3ExIDI-00443-00146260-00146474 large-scale integration another
OWrUo3ExIDI-00444-00146475-00146772 microfluidic platform is based on ion
OWrUo3ExIDI-00445-00146773-00147132 america t riyals pumps made from that
OWrUo3ExIDI-00446-00147133-00147426 material could offer low voltage battery
OWrUo3ExIDI-00447-00147427-00147747 operation extremely low noise signature
OWrUo3ExIDI-00448-00147748-00148035 high system efficiency and highly
OWrUo3ExIDI-00449-00148036-00148296 accurate control of flow rate another
OWrUo3ExIDI-00450-00148297-00148539 technology that can benefit from the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00451-00148540-00148860 unique properties of e AP actuators is
OWrUo3ExIDI-00452-00148861-00149024 optical membranes
OWrUo3ExIDI-00453-00149025-00149373 due to their low modulus the mechanical
OWrUo3ExIDI-00454-00149374-00149499 impedance of the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00455-00149500-00149709 actuators they are well-matched to
OWrUo3ExIDI-00456-00149710-00150126 common optical membrane materials also a
OWrUo3ExIDI-00457-00150127-00150453 single EAP actuator is capable of
OWrUo3ExIDI-00458-00150454-00150717 generating displacements that range from
OWrUo3ExIDI-00459-00150718-00151092 micro meters to centimeters for this
OWrUo3ExIDI-00460-00151093-00151401 reason these materials can be used for
OWrUo3ExIDI-00461-00151402-00151611 static shape correction and jitter
OWrUo3ExIDI-00462-00151612-00151965 suppression these actuators could also
OWrUo3ExIDI-00463-00151966-00152187 be used to correct for optical
OWrUo3ExIDI-00464-00152188-00152412 aberrations due to atmospheric
OWrUo3ExIDI-00465-00152413-00152511 interference
OWrUo3ExIDI-00466-00152512-00152805 since these materials exhibit excellent
OWrUo3ExIDI-00467-00152806-00153120 electro active character EAP materials
OWrUo3ExIDI-00468-00153121-00153408 show potential in biomimetic robot
OWrUo3ExIDI-00469-00153409-00153684 research stress sensors and acoustics
OWrUo3ExIDI-00470-00153685-00153990 field which will make EAPs become a more
OWrUo3ExIDI-00471-00153991-00154227 attractive study topic in the near
OWrUo3ExIDI-00472-00154228-00154565 future they have been used for various
OWrUo3ExIDI-00473-00154566-00154878 actuators such as face muscles and arm
OWrUo3ExIDI-00474-00154879-00155653 muscles in humanoid robots
OWrUo3ExIDI-00475-00155654-00156311 topic future directions
OWrUo3ExIDI-00476-00156312-00156620 the field of eaps is far from mature
OWrUo3ExIDI-00477-00156621-00156908 which leaves several issues that still
OWrUo3ExIDI-00478-00156909-00157253 need to be worked on the performance and
OWrUo3ExIDI-00479-00157254-00157544 long-term stability of the EAP should be
OWrUo3ExIDI-00480-00157545-00157750 improved by designing a water
OWrUo3ExIDI-00481-00157751-00158105 impermeable surface this will prevent
OWrUo3ExIDI-00482-00158106-00158369 the evaporation of water contained in
OWrUo3ExIDI-00483-00158370-00158690 the EAP and also reduce the potential
OWrUo3ExIDI-00484-00158691-00158951 loss of the positive counter ions when
OWrUo3ExIDI-00485-00158952-00159248 the EAP is operating submerged in an
OWrUo3ExIDI-00486-00159249-00159599 aqueous environment improved surface
OWrUo3ExIDI-00487-00159600-00159845 conductivity should be explored using
OWrUo3ExIDI-00488-00159846-00160124 methods to produce a defect free
OWrUo3ExIDI-00489-00160125-00160460 conductive surface this could possibly
OWrUo3ExIDI-00490-00160461-00160772 be done using metal vapor deposition or
OWrUo3ExIDI-00491-00160773-00161114 other doping methods it may also be
OWrUo3ExIDI-00492-00161115-00161435 possible to utilize conductive polymers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00493-00161436-00161755 to form a thick conductive layer
OWrUo3ExIDI-00494-00161756-00162062 heat-resistant EAP would be desirable to
OWrUo3ExIDI-00495-00162063-00162332 allow operation at higher voltages
OWrUo3ExIDI-00496-00162333-00162590 without damaging the internal structure
OWrUo3ExIDI-00497-00162591-00162890 of the EAP due to the generation of heat
OWrUo3ExIDI-00498-00162891-00163331 in the EAP composite development of eaps
OWrUo3ExIDI-00499-00163332-00163682 in different configurations eg fibers
OWrUo3ExIDI-00500-00163683-00163916 and fiber bundles would also be
OWrUo3ExIDI-00501-00163917-00164171 beneficial in order to increase the
OWrUo3ExIDI-00502-00164172-00164940 range of possible modes of motion
OWrUo3ExIDI-00503-00164941-00165524 topic C also
OWrUo3ExIDI-00504-00165525-00165963 pneumatic artificial muscles
OWXexTleDNQ-00000-00000046-00000324 [Music]
OWXexTleDNQ-00001-00000325-00000767 so I have my Tiffany and company wedding
OWXexTleDNQ-00002-00000768-00001108 band for hobby and then my engagement
OWXexTleDNQ-00003-00001109-00001289 ring for myself I told you guys in the
OWXexTleDNQ-00004-00001290-00001537 vlog I never got a wedding band because
OWXexTleDNQ-00005-00001538-00001882 I just I'm not a ring % but I need two
OWXexTleDNQ-00006-00001884-00002105 for our anniversary today's our
OWXexTleDNQ-00007-00002106-00002384 anniversary he did place order for me
OWXexTleDNQ-00008-00002385-00002710 for a surprise gift he said so it should
OWXexTleDNQ-00009-00002711-00003179 arrive soon and then before the rides I
OWXexTleDNQ-00010-00003180-00003447 wanted to make sure that I do clean my
OWXexTleDNQ-00011-00003448-00003740 Tiffany and company necklace all right
OWXexTleDNQ-00012-00003740-00004045 so I just have plastic bag with what I
OWXexTleDNQ-00013-00004046-00004301 call this foil foil ramen and then I
OWXexTleDNQ-00014-00004302-00004429 open up my fridge
OWXexTleDNQ-00015-00004430-00004826 what is this baking soda and then I'm
OWXexTleDNQ-00016-00004827-00005483 gonna put my this one first one man and
OWXexTleDNQ-00017-00005484-00005731 then I'm going to put hot water
OWXexTleDNQ-00018-00005732-00006052 oh it's like a bit tarnish we're gonna
OWXexTleDNQ-00019-00006053-00006670 put hot water okay and then we're going
OWXexTleDNQ-00020-00006672-00007123 to add just a little bit more maybe sew
OWXexTleDNQ-00021-00007125-00007801 it up I'm just prepping up for my new
OWXexTleDNQ-00022-00007802-00008134 and then as you guys can tell it's like
OWXexTleDNQ-00023-00008134-00008974 oxidative and just put it there for
OWXexTleDNQ-00024-00008975-00009709 about a minute I can tell that
OWXexTleDNQ-00025-00009710-00012011 I'm also going to put this ring let's go
OWXexTleDNQ-00026-00012012-00012668 see if it's working oh look at that Wow
OWXexTleDNQ-00027-00012669-00013397 that's what sorry maybe I should put you
OWXexTleDNQ-00028-00013397-00014566 in more light oh she wants to make a
OWXexTleDNQ-00029-00014568-00015716 video of all her sensei buddies alright
OWXexTleDNQ-00030-00015716-00016111 can you guys tell the difference I can
OWXexTleDNQ-00031-00016112-00016622 it looks almost brand new so pretty cool
OWXexTleDNQ-00032-00016623-00016847 I just left it there for like about a
OWXexTleDNQ-00033-00016848-00017066 minute a minute to a minute and a half
OWXexTleDNQ-00034-00017067-00017384 and then I didn't use any thing to scrub
OWXexTleDNQ-00035-00017385-00017717 it and just let it soak
OXIUunGP6W8-00000-00000474-00000736 all right what's up guys today we are on
OXIUunGP6W8-00001-00000737-00001091 a sweet Rush megaways which is a new B
OXIUunGP6W8-00002-00001092-00001253 gaming I thought it says my boys there
OXIUunGP6W8-00003-00001254-00001541 is being gaming owned by btg
OXIUunGP6W8-00004-00001542-00001691 um I've not played this I haven't done a
OXIUunGP6W8-00005-00001692-00001943 lot of B gaming kind of confused let's
OXIUunGP6W8-00006-00001944-00002147 just do these buys
OXIUunGP6W8-00007-00002148-00002434 see how it goes oh oh I wonder if you
OXIUunGP6W8-00008-00002435-00002609 can get more scatters and this is kind
OXIUunGP6W8-00009-00002610-00002867 of a quiet slot isn't it
OXIUunGP6W8-00010-00002868-00003377 really so far it's pretty quiet
OXIUunGP6W8-00011-00003378-00003779 okay what oh wait I can stay until we
OXIUunGP6W8-00012-00003779-00004156 miss or something
OXIUunGP6W8-00013-00004157-00004295 that'd be cool if it stayed the entire
OXIUunGP6W8-00014-00004296-00004522 time oh wait these are counting as spins
OXIUunGP6W8-00015-00004523-00004835 oh wait it's like it's just like dog
OXIUunGP6W8-00016-00004836-00005027 house megaways is that what I'm
OXIUunGP6W8-00017-00005028-00005381 realizing it's it's a bit late now um I
OXIUunGP6W8-00018-00005382-00005531 feel like you can get you can definitely
OXIUunGP6W8-00019-00005532-00005663 get more scatters B gaming is kind of
OXIUunGP6W8-00020-00005664-00005777 cool oh yeah you can't because these
OXIUunGP6W8-00021-00005778-00006120 three are over here as well all right
OXIUunGP6W8-00022-00006121-00006388 we'll see we'll see so we gotta get
OXIUunGP6W8-00023-00006389-00006587 those Wilds early
OXIUunGP6W8-00024-00006588-00006755 um
OXIUunGP6W8-00025-00006756-00007096 okay we get a double Wild
OXIUunGP6W8-00026-00007097-00007306 oh wait that's not oh that is a wild
OXIUunGP6W8-00027-00007308-00007696 okay hey
OXIUunGP6W8-00028-00007697-00008146 we just need better microwaves hey
OXIUunGP6W8-00029-00008147-00008399 I hate the count of some B games
OXIUunGP6W8-00030-00008400-00008585 okay that's good we got two more spins
OXIUunGP6W8-00031-00008586-00008867 with 3x3x1x
OXIUunGP6W8-00032-00008868-00009227 okay this back gonna be sick no I don't
OXIUunGP6W8-00033-00009228-00009473 know which of the little uh candies are
OXIUunGP6W8-00034-00009474-00009767 best okay that's good too
OXIUunGP6W8-00035-00009768-00009985 one more spin
OXIUunGP6W8-00036-00009986-00010289 uh not a good spin there
OXIUunGP6W8-00037-00010290-00010673 that was good though 9.94 ain't bad
OXIUunGP6W8-00038-00010674-00010931 um okay so there's no more spins
OXIUunGP6W8-00039-00010932-00011224 I figured but I mean more spins is you
OXIUunGP6W8-00040-00011225-00011573 know maybe maybe more spins on this is
OXIUunGP6W8-00041-00011574-00011813 actually good unlike doghouse Mega well
OXIUunGP6W8-00042-00011814-00011945 if you look at it actually it's not
OXIUunGP6W8-00043-00011946-00012106 dropping in any
OXIUunGP6W8-00044-00012107-00012317 Wilds
OXIUunGP6W8-00045-00012318-00012496 took quite a while for that one and
OXIUunGP6W8-00046-00012497-00012713 that's the only one we have
OXIUunGP6W8-00047-00012714-00012952 huh
OXIUunGP6W8-00048-00012953-00013144 I mean if we get a 3X here right now
OXIUunGP6W8-00049-00013145-00013349 then we could get something going I mean
OXIUunGP6W8-00050-00013350-00013643 those are both multis wow those were
OXIUunGP6W8-00051-00013644-00013907 both multisodom and huge oh we had 10
OXIUunGP6W8-00052-00013908-00014057 didn't we have that little little jelly
OXIUunGP6W8-00053-00014058-00014422 boy going all the way
OXIUunGP6W8-00054-00014423-00014675 I mean as profit and we got one more
OXIUunGP6W8-00055-00014676-00015005 spin so I do want to see what's
OXIUunGP6W8-00056-00015006-00015377 top oh my
OXIUunGP6W8-00057-00015378-00015641 that's solid the sounds are very weird
OXIUunGP6W8-00058-00015641-00015863 like because it does this little you
OXIUunGP6W8-00059-00015863-00016019 know feature here the
OXIUunGP6W8-00060-00016019-00016241 sound like cuts out this sound is kind
OXIUunGP6W8-00061-00016241-00016444 of weird B gaming is a little bit
OXIUunGP6W8-00062-00016445-00016703 scuffed bro it really is
OXIUunGP6W8-00063-00016704-00017027 um oh so he's top then she's second then
OXIUunGP6W8-00064-00017028-00017272 red okay I feel like it's not too rare
OXIUunGP6W8-00065-00017273-00017543 to get these extra spins but ah [__] who
OXIUunGP6W8-00066-00017544-00017800 knows who knows who knows who knows
OXIUunGP6W8-00067-00017801-00018005 quite early wild I love it let's get
OXIUunGP6W8-00068-00018006-00018286 these early as well that'd be sweet
OXIUunGP6W8-00069-00018287-00018515 can we get this one right now we get
OXIUunGP6W8-00070-00018516-00018700 this one right now
OXIUunGP6W8-00071-00018701-00019055 okay well now it's technically a 2X here
OXIUunGP6W8-00072-00019056-00019241 why not give us a front one
OXIUunGP6W8-00073-00019242-00019421 give some you know decent guaranteed
OXIUunGP6W8-00074-00019422-00019750 hits this entire bonus okay or not
OXIUunGP6W8-00075-00019751-00020075 get another 2x on that reel
OXIUunGP6W8-00076-00020076-00020314 you're just being an [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00077-00020315-00020597 another Wild on here
OXIUunGP6W8-00078-00020598-00020843 two spins just give us a wild for the
OXIUunGP6W8-00079-00020844-00021208 last two spins bro it'll be easy profit
OXIUunGP6W8-00080-00021209-00021550 no but that is good that's solid
OXIUunGP6W8-00081-00021551-00021833 nice this profit and we have one more
OXIUunGP6W8-00082-00021834-00022289 spin
OXIUunGP6W8-00083-00022290-00022421 hey
OXIUunGP6W8-00084-00022422-00022678 I'm a five scatter if it really is super
OXIUunGP6W8-00085-00022679-00022972 rare then that is not ideal I don't
OXIUunGP6W8-00086-00022973-00023200 think it is that hard to get extra
OXIUunGP6W8-00087-00023201-00023477 scatters on this this might be a better
OXIUunGP6W8-00088-00023478-00023663 dog house make ways though that is what
OXIUunGP6W8-00089-00023664-00023825 I'm seeing because it really likes
OXIUunGP6W8-00090-00023826-00024028 dropping in this reel
OXIUunGP6W8-00091-00024029-00024371 which is so odd it like on this one it's
OXIUunGP6W8-00092-00024372-00024550 hard to get like the front one it seems
OXIUunGP6W8-00093-00024551-00024713 to be like the struggle
OXIUunGP6W8-00094-00024714-00024977 also all one X's this looks more like
OXIUunGP6W8-00095-00024978-00025492 doghouse megaways now
OXIUunGP6W8-00096-00025493-00025793 can you get this wild I'm sure you can I
OXIUunGP6W8-00097-00025794-00026062 do want to see us get that back one
OXIUunGP6W8-00098-00026063-00026368 not good there all right I'm all for it
OXIUunGP6W8-00099-00026369-00026620 I'm liking this so we're starting off
OXIUunGP6W8-00100-00026622-00026758 with the first one this time I talked
OXIUunGP6W8-00101-00026760-00027005 [__] about it and now he comes in
OXIUunGP6W8-00102-00027006-00027245 no multis on them
OXIUunGP6W8-00103-00027245-00027502 uh now we don't want to get this guy
OXIUunGP6W8-00104-00027504-00027623 I feel like this guy was like the
OXIUunGP6W8-00105-00027624-00027743 easiest
OXIUunGP6W8-00106-00027744-00028001 like both of these but
OXIUunGP6W8-00107-00028002-00028307 all right we're still all one X's
OXIUunGP6W8-00108-00028308-00028511 that'd be cool if there was a way to re
OXIUunGP6W8-00109-00028512-00028781 on here but that'd be [__] ridiculous
OXIUunGP6W8-00110-00028782-00028901 so
OXIUunGP6W8-00111-00028902-00029146 all right some Kings giving us a little
OXIUunGP6W8-00112-00029147-00029267 bit of money there
OXIUunGP6W8-00113-00029268-00029549 maybe a good last spin could fill his
OXIUunGP6W8-00114-00029550-00029831 cab with his good symbols no
OXIUunGP6W8-00115-00029832-00030149 not exactly do something for us
OXIUunGP6W8-00116-00030150-00030407 I I feel like we're getting I feel like
OXIUunGP6W8-00117-00030408-00030568 we're getting so lucky
OXIUunGP6W8-00118-00030569-00030761 I feel like we're getting so lucky bro I
OXIUunGP6W8-00119-00030762-00030977 really really do
OXIUunGP6W8-00120-00030977-00031145 but then we're not getting like Wilds
OXIUunGP6W8-00121-00031145-00031739 yeah
OXIUunGP6W8-00122-00031739-00031918 we're just skipping through it I kind of
OXIUunGP6W8-00123-00031919-00032081 like this bonus ever even [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00124-00032082-00032243 happened trying to tell me this was a
OXIUunGP6W8-00125-00032244-00032351 five scatter
OXIUunGP6W8-00126-00032352-00032590 yeah well it is kind of like doghouse
OXIUunGP6W8-00127-00032591-00032849 make a ways in a way with um you know
OXIUunGP6W8-00128-00032850-00033052 you get your scatters that you you get
OXIUunGP6W8-00129-00033053-00033233 your extra scatters and it just [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00130-00033234-00033581 spits in your face
OXIUunGP6W8-00131-00033582-00033809 well
OXIUunGP6W8-00132-00033810-00033971 um
OXIUunGP6W8-00133-00033972-00034373 well uh I don't know about that actually
OXIUunGP6W8-00134-00034374-00034840 yeah I don't I don't know
OXIUunGP6W8-00135-00034841-00035279 yeah uh
OXIUunGP6W8-00136-00035280-00035495 I definitely take back what I just said
OXIUunGP6W8-00137-00035496-00035812 that was horrible now we're on a pretty
OXIUunGP6W8-00138-00035813-00036112 bad streak and I'm not liking it give us
OXIUunGP6W8-00139-00036113-00036202 four
OXIUunGP6W8-00140-00036203-00036509 I don't feel comfortable with three uh
OXIUunGP6W8-00141-00036510-00036689 scatters I really don't because how many
OXIUunGP6W8-00142-00036690-00036935 times we're getting four and five kind
OXIUunGP6W8-00143-00036936-00037312 of scares me now
OXIUunGP6W8-00144-00037313-00037595 give us this one with a multi please oh
OXIUunGP6W8-00145-00037596-00037774 wow if we can get this one with a multi
OXIUunGP6W8-00146-00037775-00037996 we could or just drop this wild we could
OXIUunGP6W8-00147-00037997-00038333 have some really nice wins
OXIUunGP6W8-00148-00038334-00038524 we need a good one here
OXIUunGP6W8-00149-00038525-00038801 oh we're talking okay that works too a
OXIUunGP6W8-00150-00038802-00039059 five ways to 5x5x right is this two two
OXIUunGP6W8-00151-00039060-00039161 one
OXIUunGP6W8-00152-00039162-00039317 is that what this is
OXIUunGP6W8-00153-00039318-00039593 oh two on one so five wow
OXIUunGP6W8-00154-00039594-00039809 this is when you need the Gap bro this
OXIUunGP6W8-00155-00039810-00039965 is when you need the Gap just even with
OXIUunGP6W8-00156-00039966-00040139 the 1X give us a gap and we could have
OXIUunGP6W8-00157-00040140-00040307 definitely a couple thousand dollar win
OXIUunGP6W8-00158-00040308-00040589 here if you want it tens oh my God look
OXIUunGP6W8-00159-00040590-00040780 at the stack
OXIUunGP6W8-00160-00040781-00041039 I'm cramping I'm cramping
OXIUunGP6W8-00161-00041040-00041296 okay last spin
OXIUunGP6W8-00162-00041297-00041537 tens again why is it only bad symbols
OXIUunGP6W8-00163-00041538-00041615 though
OXIUunGP6W8-00164-00041616-00041777 not trying to [__] about more than a
OXIUunGP6W8-00165-00041778-00042167 double up but like why why all symbols
OXIUunGP6W8-00166-00042168-00042443 or why all bad symbols hey that's okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00167-00042444-00042568 though
OXIUunGP6W8-00168-00042569-00042761 dropping him first huh
OXIUunGP6W8-00169-00042762-00043115 I got the old 1X on him
OXIUunGP6W8-00170-00043116-00043462 oh there's a tomb
OXIUunGP6W8-00171-00043463-00043612 we gotta keep pork spinning until
OXIUunGP6W8-00172-00043613-00043949 something else happens so thing two look
OXIUunGP6W8-00173-00043950-00044129 at all the time I'm saving us
OXIUunGP6W8-00174-00044130-00044327 absolutely nothing I'm just gonna watch
OXIUunGP6W8-00175-00044328-00044477 these last two
OXIUunGP6W8-00176-00044478-00044867 it could do something okay like okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00177-00044868-00045145 I mean you know what
OXIUunGP6W8-00178-00045146-00045443 no it's a five scatter paying that bad
OXIUunGP6W8-00179-00045444-00045593 again
OXIUunGP6W8-00180-00045594-00045755 all right guys before the rest of the
OXIUunGP6W8-00181-00045756-00045923 video continues if you want some rewards
OXIUunGP6W8-00182-00045924-00046108 on gamdom click in the top right of your
OXIUunGP6W8-00183-00046109-00046295 screen where it says rewards then on the
OXIUunGP6W8-00184-00046296-00046433 right side of the page it will say claim
OXIUunGP6W8-00185-00046434-00046715 bonus click there type in Drew and then
OXIUunGP6W8-00186-00046716-00046924 hit claim bonus you'll get 15 right back
OXIUunGP6W8-00187-00046925-00047105 enabled on your account and you also get
OXIUunGP6W8-00188-00047106-00047351 access to the instant weekly monthly and
OXIUunGP6W8-00189-00047352-00047495 on the right it says surprise right back
OXIUunGP6W8-00190-00047496-00047693 that you can claim every single day just
OXIUunGP6W8-00191-00047694-00047867 by using my code it helps the channel
OXIUunGP6W8-00192-00047868-00048083 and it keeps these videos going good
OXIUunGP6W8-00193-00048084-00048287 luck on the bets and enjoy the rest of
OXIUunGP6W8-00194-00048288-00048527 the video I want to get six I do want to
OXIUunGP6W8-00195-00048528-00048767 get six
OXIUunGP6W8-00196-00048768-00048958 hey
OXIUunGP6W8-00197-00048959-00049223 hey that'll give us this guy with multi
OXIUunGP6W8-00198-00049224-00049451 preferably it's a 1X
OXIUunGP6W8-00199-00049452-00049630 it's okay though
OXIUunGP6W8-00200-00049631-00049799 all right we have a 6X in the middle
OXIUunGP6W8-00201-00049800-00049889 here
OXIUunGP6W8-00202-00049890-00050105 we need to get this back on or bump
OXIUunGP6W8-00203-00050106-00050351 these guys up we can't really have these
OXIUunGP6W8-00204-00050352-00050596 guys being uh one X's
OXIUunGP6W8-00205-00050597-00050752 at least just put another Wild on it it
OXIUunGP6W8-00206-00050753-00051040 can be another 1X just double in it
OXIUunGP6W8-00207-00051041-00051263 hello
OXIUunGP6W8-00208-00051264-00051496 bro if this three was on this one this
OXIUunGP6W8-00209-00051497-00051796 two was on this one oh my God
OXIUunGP6W8-00210-00051797-00052211 it would be so nice
OXIUunGP6W8-00211-00052212-00052750 all right we got one more spin
OXIUunGP6W8-00212-00052751-00053021 how much is
OXIUunGP6W8-00213-00053022-00053141 I was gonna say it's not gonna be
OXIUunGP6W8-00214-00053141-00053279 anything insane but how much does that
OXIUunGP6W8-00215-00053279-00053513 guy paying I mean I mean 1180
OXIUunGP6W8-00216-00053514-00053765 . I don't like the sounds on this lot I
OXIUunGP6W8-00217-00053766-00053891 don't like them
OXIUunGP6W8-00218-00053891-00054125 unlike the bonus ends or whatever not a
OXIUunGP6W8-00219-00054126-00054503 fan 2x here apparently only you know
OXIUunGP6W8-00220-00054504-00054766 multi's dropping on this reel you know
OXIUunGP6W8-00221-00054767-00054982 what the last bonus was showing us
OXIUunGP6W8-00222-00054983-00055187 that's okay though we do like Maltese
OXIUunGP6W8-00223-00055188-00055444 another set of you know another multi on
OXIUunGP6W8-00224-00055445-00055594 this one by the way
OXIUunGP6W8-00225-00055595-00055804 not good if this isn't profit then we'll
OXIUunGP6W8-00226-00055805-00056087 bump it till 1K by uh if it is profit we
OXIUunGP6W8-00227-00056088-00056261 gotta run it back
OXIUunGP6W8-00228-00056262-00056423 I like the sorry I like a little double
OXIUunGP6W8-00229-00056424-00056788 double jump sorry
OXIUunGP6W8-00230-00056789-00056999 I hate that animal uh maybe we can bump
OXIUunGP6W8-00231-00057000-00057244 these I'll just bump them we'll you know
OXIUunGP6W8-00232-00057245-00057442 that works
OXIUunGP6W8-00233-00057444-00057761 the back one back one or this front one
OXIUunGP6W8-00234-00057762-00057976 to get a you know
OXIUunGP6W8-00235-00057977-00058282 it'll it'll be at least a 2X
OXIUunGP6W8-00236-00058283-00058511 I'm 222 is we got that's what we got
OXIUunGP6W8-00237-00058512-00058780 going here give us this back one with
OXIUunGP6W8-00238-00058782-00058961 that many spins left hey
OXIUunGP6W8-00239-00058962-00059249 hey now
OXIUunGP6W8-00240-00059250-00059513 oh wow if we had the red on the front
OXIUunGP6W8-00241-00059514-00059825 end on here that is a wrap
OXIUunGP6W8-00242-00059826-00060047 tens why are tens like the only thing
OXIUunGP6W8-00243-00060048-00060287 that show up
OXIUunGP6W8-00244-00060288-00060442 whenever you when you get us out of
OXIUunGP6W8-00245-00060444-00060982 going I swear it says like ten City
OXIUunGP6W8-00246-00060983-00061223 um I mean that's a good last spin
OXIUunGP6W8-00247-00061224-00061463 that's nice all right that's a double up
OXIUunGP6W8-00248-00061464-00061649 solid that was four Saturn yeah four
OXIUunGP6W8-00249-00061650-00062021 scatter double up
OXIUunGP6W8-00250-00062022-00062291 five scatter come on
OXIUunGP6W8-00251-00062291-00062494 come on
OXIUunGP6W8-00252-00062495-00062830 give us early early wild okay early
OXIUunGP6W8-00253-00062832-00063100 multiplier
OXIUunGP6W8-00254-00063101-00063232 oh
OXIUunGP6W8-00255-00063233-00063454 give us this one right now please oh my
OXIUunGP6W8-00256-00063455-00063575 God give us this one give us this one
OXIUunGP6W8-00257-00063576-00063815 please do it nice okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00258-00063816-00064030 two one X's suck but
OXIUunGP6W8-00259-00064032-00064204 that's okay we got the full distance we
OXIUunGP6W8-00260-00064205-00064475 can definitely bump those up
OXIUunGP6W8-00261-00064476-00064792 easily easily bumping a sweet Rush bro
OXIUunGP6W8-00262-00064794-00064991 come on
OXIUunGP6W8-00263-00064991-00065188 wow this could be so good
OXIUunGP6W8-00264-00065189-00065459 this could be so good even just just a
OXIUunGP6W8-00265-00065460-00065632 regular wild under them just to you know
OXIUunGP6W8-00266-00065633-00065849 double it up we could definitely get a
OXIUunGP6W8-00267-00065850-00065975 couple thousand dollar win here if he
OXIUunGP6W8-00268-00065976-00066275 gives us you know good ways good
OXIUunGP6W8-00269-00066276-00066431 that's decent
OXIUunGP6W8-00270-00066432-00066826 that's not that good actually
OXIUunGP6W8-00271-00066827-00067067 they're worth that many getaways I keep
OXIUunGP6W8-00272-00067068-00067349 like we just have one X's here so it's
OXIUunGP6W8-00273-00067350-00067505 kind of rough I mean that is a good win
OXIUunGP6W8-00274-00067506-00067763 though it's nice dude back-to-back solid
OXIUunGP6W8-00275-00067764-00068003 uh wins there this is a loss we're going
OXIUunGP6W8-00276-00068004-00068182 to 1K buys and we're gonna see what we
OXIUunGP6W8-00277-00068183-00068525 can do I'm gonna skip through this
OXIUunGP6W8-00278-00068526-00068765 yeah
OXIUunGP6W8-00279-00068766-00069094 yeah we love that reel we are obsessed
OXIUunGP6W8-00280-00069095-00069323 with that reel
OXIUunGP6W8-00281-00069324-00069473 okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00282-00069474-00069706 um for having one real we could have and
OXIUunGP6W8-00283-00069707-00070019 we should have lost more 1K buys let's
OXIUunGP6W8-00284-00070020-00070211 see if we can get lucky
OXIUunGP6W8-00285-00070212-00070367 yeah
OXIUunGP6W8-00286-00070368-00070582 come on just give us four
OXIUunGP6W8-00287-00070583-00070805 oh that's that's actually [__] up I
OXIUunGP6W8-00288-00070806-00071075 hope you know that that is rude
OXIUunGP6W8-00289-00071076-00071332 that is very rude of you
OXIUunGP6W8-00290-00071333-00071644 two like Sarah give us this guy
OXIUunGP6W8-00291-00071645-00071800 oh we're just gonna suck the same
OXIUunGP6W8-00292-00071801-00072059 [__] real okay we did get that one
OXIUunGP6W8-00293-00072060-00072263 we got this guy now
OXIUunGP6W8-00294-00072264-00072409 give us this
OXIUunGP6W8-00295-00072410-00072688 double 3x this one right now we could be
OXIUunGP6W8-00296-00072689-00072899 saved okay well you didn't want to
OXIUunGP6W8-00297-00072900-00073211 tens tens
OXIUunGP6W8-00298-00073212-00073571 tens [__] saved us holy [__] okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00299-00073572-00074159 that was profit nice
OXIUunGP6W8-00300-00074160-00074387 1X on the front
OXIUunGP6W8-00301-00074388-00074621 oh I'm not liking this yeah I'm not
OXIUunGP6W8-00302-00074622-00074800 liking this let's just let's get through
OXIUunGP6W8-00303-00074801-00075011 this this one's [__] absolutely
OXIUunGP6W8-00304-00075012-00075365 horrendous wow a [__] 5x get me out
OXIUunGP6W8-00305-00075366-00075688 no one saw that
OXIUunGP6W8-00306-00075689-00075911 the slot broke I'll be right back you
OXIUunGP6W8-00307-00075912-00076049 know if you think about it I said get me
OXIUunGP6W8-00308-00076050-00076235 out and it was actually getting me out
OXIUunGP6W8-00309-00076236-00076355 all right nice we got a five scatter
OXIUunGP6W8-00310-00076356-00076637 let's see please please I want to see
OXIUunGP6W8-00311-00076638-00076891 this go crazy so bad
OXIUunGP6W8-00312-00076892-00077135 Wilds no
OXIUunGP6W8-00313-00077136-00077693 double 1X like why no multi
OXIUunGP6W8-00314-00077694-00077915 it's just so hard to walk okay we'll
OXIUunGP6W8-00315-00077916-00078191 watch this now
OXIUunGP6W8-00316-00078192-00078382 okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00317-00078383-00078688 it's all right this one please just if
OXIUunGP6W8-00318-00078689-00078844 you put a multi on this one then we
OXIUunGP6W8-00319-00078845-00079037 definitely have you know some actually
OXIUunGP6W8-00320-00079038-00079205 really good potential
OXIUunGP6W8-00321-00079206-00079619 that was a lot of ways on that last spin
OXIUunGP6W8-00322-00079620-00079900 all right we got one spin left
OXIUunGP6W8-00323-00079901-00080243 I need a hundred nine dollars
OXIUunGP6W8-00324-00080244-00080417 um for profit
OXIUunGP6W8-00325-00080418-00080717 and we just fall short five scatters are
OXIUunGP6W8-00326-00080718-00080897 apparently [__] cursed so [__] five
OXIUunGP6W8-00327-00080898-00081076 scatters apparently we want three
OXIUunGP6W8-00328-00081077-00081305 skiders which I really don't I want six
OXIUunGP6W8-00329-00081306-00081611 uh
OXIUunGP6W8-00330-00081612-00081856 starting off with the old One X
OXIUunGP6W8-00331-00081857-00082037 a lot of purples
OXIUunGP6W8-00332-00082038-00082456 Another One X let's just uh skip these
OXIUunGP6W8-00333-00082457-00082805 and that is what you'd call
OXIUunGP6W8-00334-00082806-00083117 not ideal another three scatter another
OXIUunGP6W8-00335-00083118-00083315 three scatter that's what we come back
OXIUunGP6W8-00336-00083316-00083782 to One X there
OXIUunGP6W8-00337-00083783-00083932 I feel like all the quick spinning is
OXIUunGP6W8-00338-00083933-00084232 making uh the slot break it's like it's
OXIUunGP6W8-00339-00084233-00084587 panicking bro
OXIUunGP6W8-00340-00084588-00084869 horrible 7x okay we bumped the BET and
OXIUunGP6W8-00341-00084870-00085288 we're getting absolutely slammed
OXIUunGP6W8-00342-00085289-00085594 please for please
OXIUunGP6W8-00343-00085595-00085775 [__] me why are we getting so many
OXIUunGP6W8-00344-00085776-00086362 threes now
OXIUunGP6W8-00345-00086363-00087119 I we like that 3x and all but
OXIUunGP6W8-00346-00087120-00087250 um
OXIUunGP6W8-00347-00087251-00087923 just don't want to get that one
OXIUunGP6W8-00348-00087924-00088205 I mean wild to Wild
OXIUunGP6W8-00349-00088206-00088355 if you just
OXIUunGP6W8-00350-00088356-00088553 no
OXIUunGP6W8-00351-00088554-00088738 this is interesting
OXIUunGP6W8-00352-00088739-00089111 um okay okay now just give us this one
OXIUunGP6W8-00353-00089112-00089399 just just do it you little rat
OXIUunGP6W8-00354-00089400-00089638 it's okay just give us this one and if
OXIUunGP6W8-00355-00089639-00089909 it's a multi we could be onto something
OXIUunGP6W8-00356-00089910-00090149 but oh you [__] just give us a
OXIUunGP6W8-00357-00090150-00090371 1x there I don't give a [__] just fill
OXIUunGP6W8-00358-00090372-00090449 that
OXIUunGP6W8-00359-00090450-00090629 just fill the gap
OXIUunGP6W8-00360-00090630-00090767 [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00361-00090768-00090959 why is it always tens giving us the big
OXIUunGP6W8-00362-00090960-00091211 wins I I don't know
OXIUunGP6W8-00363-00091212-00091385 give us that one and it's gonna be so
OXIUunGP6W8-00364-00091386-00091537 good
OXIUunGP6W8-00365-00091538-00091865 oh you're so mean you're so [__] that
OXIUunGP6W8-00366-00091866-00092021 would have been [__] great with top
OXIUunGP6W8-00367-00092022-00092176 symbol or
OXIUunGP6W8-00368-00092177-00092362 [__] Saturn looking [__] candy
OXIUunGP6W8-00369-00092363-00092537 [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00370-00092538-00092855 oh I mean once again it's tense bro tens
OXIUunGP6W8-00371-00092856-00093053 paid why is it always tens giving us the
OXIUunGP6W8-00372-00093054-00093299 big ones I don't [__] get it
OXIUunGP6W8-00373-00093300-00093581 make sure it was good it wasn't that
OXIUunGP6W8-00374-00093582-00093767 good though it was it was five scatter
OXIUunGP6W8-00375-00093768-00094211 we had [__] gross set up
OXIUunGP6W8-00376-00094212-00094529 starting off with a 1X
OXIUunGP6W8-00377-00094530-00094871 okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00378-00094872-00095075 this guy
OXIUunGP6W8-00379-00095076-00095321 I think I forgot him surprised
OXIUunGP6W8-00380-00095322-00095668 when the [__] dude it's tense again what
OXIUunGP6W8-00381-00095669-00095873 the [__] I mean if we get this back one
OXIUunGP6W8-00382-00095874-00096053 we have we have some you know we have
OXIUunGP6W8-00383-00096054-00096287 some profit I mean I'll be happy
OXIUunGP6W8-00384-00096288-00096568 uh oh my God okay well now it's queens
OXIUunGP6W8-00385-00096569-00096749 and chat I just says this is overall
OXIUunGP6W8-00386-00096750-00096899 everything paying there this could be
OXIUunGP6W8-00387-00096900-00097115 very nice these are so many one actually
OXIUunGP6W8-00388-00097116-00097456 imagine these were all threes I would oh
OXIUunGP6W8-00389-00097457-00097715 wow that's solid bro look at the [__] oh
OXIUunGP6W8-00390-00097716-00097912 wait we have the distance okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00391-00097913-00098209 oh this last spin don't be [__] [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00392-00098210-00098567 oh don't be bad you rat please be just
OXIUunGP6W8-00393-00098568-00098747 be [__] so good let's see that stupid
OXIUunGP6W8-00394-00098748-00099035 ass top symbol or something Kings oh my
OXIUunGP6W8-00395-00099036-00099262 God the kings were stacking like
OXIUunGP6W8-00396-00099263-00099724 I don't even know what it was like
OXIUunGP6W8-00397-00099725-00099911 that was very nice okay we're talking 4
OXIUunGP6W8-00398-00099912-00100211 400 there okay now we're now we're up 1K
OXIUunGP6W8-00399-00100212-00100462 that took quite a [__] Wild Ride For
OXIUunGP6W8-00400-00100463-00100529 That
OXIUunGP6W8-00401-00100530-00100781 but now we we see some [__] light
OXIUunGP6W8-00402-00100782-00100949 imagine we had a force Hatter on that
OXIUunGP6W8-00403-00100950-00101188 match we had two more spins on that
OXIUunGP6W8-00404-00101189-00101453 setup yeah all right buddy this water's
OXIUunGP6W8-00405-00101454-00101591 been here for [__] three weeks but I
OXIUunGP6W8-00406-00101592-00101981 need to drink it
OXIUunGP6W8-00407-00101982-00102347 double 1X uh-huh
OXIUunGP6W8-00408-00102348-00102539 now we got two I'm gonna question one
OXIUunGP6W8-00409-00102540-00102815 more wild I'm prefer you know I haven't
OXIUunGP6W8-00410-00102816-00102994 like for it to be on this okay never
OXIUunGP6W8-00411-00102995-00103277 mind I'll go [__] myself
OXIUunGP6W8-00412-00103278-00103468 okay give us give us some money there
OXIUunGP6W8-00413-00103469-00103660 that's okay we lost 140 bucks we give
OXIUunGP6W8-00414-00103661-00103858 [__] that's fine
OXIUunGP6W8-00415-00103859-00104086 um
OXIUunGP6W8-00416-00104088-00104290 I don't know what the plan is honestly I
OXIUunGP6W8-00417-00104291-00104410 kind of want to be like [__] it we're
OXIUunGP6W8-00418-00104411-00104713 all done now but I also don't
OXIUunGP6W8-00419-00104714-00105058 uh we'll see what the next bet size is
OXIUunGP6W8-00420-00105059-00105304 after this this this this this one ain't
OXIUunGP6W8-00421-00105305-00105497 gonna do [__] I don't I don't have any
OXIUunGP6W8-00422-00105498-00105713 faith in this buy right here
OXIUunGP6W8-00423-00105714-00105947 this one's this absolute cheeks I mean
OXIUunGP6W8-00424-00105948-00106073 if you wanted to give us a multi here
OXIUunGP6W8-00425-00106074-00106481 you could give us a little bit not a lot
OXIUunGP6W8-00426-00106482-00106631 yeah
OXIUunGP6W8-00427-00106632-00106895 um there's a 12 50 or 13 what the [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00428-00106896-00107207 all right let's do three buys three buys
OXIUunGP6W8-00429-00107208-00107489 well if we're down after that I think we
OXIUunGP6W8-00430-00107490-00107669 just call it I don't even know if y'all
OXIUunGP6W8-00431-00107670-00107789 like this lot so y'all gotta let me know
OXIUunGP6W8-00432-00107790-00107975 if y'all even like it it's cool I mean I
OXIUunGP6W8-00433-00107976-00108208 could do I could do dog house megaways
OXIUunGP6W8-00434-00108209-00108484 versus sweet Rush microwaves versus Wild
OXIUunGP6W8-00435-00108485-00108695 West gold mangaways that'd be kind of
OXIUunGP6W8-00436-00108696-00108916 cool I like how I get this 3x which I
OXIUunGP6W8-00437-00108917-00109084 haven't got the entire video and it's
OXIUunGP6W8-00438-00109085-00109265 beautiful and we just didn't want to get
OXIUunGP6W8-00439-00109266-00109577 any other Wilds
OXIUunGP6W8-00440-00109578-00109793 no
OXIUunGP6W8-00441-00109794-00110002 okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00442-00110003-00110171 it's a cool 2X
OXIUunGP6W8-00443-00110172-00110452 okay now you're trying something you
OXIUunGP6W8-00444-00110453-00110686 need to don't stack this [__] reel
OXIUunGP6W8-00445-00110688-00110933 don't do it don't you dare put another
OXIUunGP6W8-00446-00110933-00111149 Wild
OXIUunGP6W8-00447-00111150-00111334 why does it do that give us this one
OXIUunGP6W8-00448-00111335-00111593 give us the distance or why the [__] do
OXIUunGP6W8-00449-00111594-00111736 you do this
OXIUunGP6W8-00450-00111738-00111940 you could do so many good things if you
OXIUunGP6W8-00451-00111941-00112145 put this 2x on the back one you put this
OXIUunGP6W8-00452-00112146-00112307 one X on that one and the other one X on
OXIUunGP6W8-00453-00112308-00112552 here we'd have a two two two two [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00454-00112553-00112793 go in the distance would be great
OXIUunGP6W8-00455-00112794-00112966 I said we're sitting here with [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00456-00112967-00113393 one five one what the [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00457-00113394-00113752 or one six one
OXIUunGP6W8-00458-00113753-00113902 damn we have the distance I would have
OXIUunGP6W8-00459-00113903-00114095 been actually solid with what I said but
OXIUunGP6W8-00460-00114096-00114184 you know
OXIUunGP6W8-00461-00114185-00114508 I mean it's profit that was a [__] last
OXIUunGP6W8-00462-00114509-00114725 spin all right one more all right three
OXIUunGP6W8-00463-00114726-00114977 scatter
OXIUunGP6W8-00464-00114978-00115139 yeah uh like I was saying let me know if
OXIUunGP6W8-00465-00115140-00115252 y'all want to see more of this song if
OXIUunGP6W8-00466-00115253-00115360 you do then leave a like on the video
OXIUunGP6W8-00467-00115361-00115457 and comment down below that you want
OXIUunGP6W8-00468-00115458-00115739 more of sweet rush and um also put your
OXIUunGP6W8-00469-00115740-00115931 Twitter at or your address below and
OXIUunGP6W8-00470-00115932-00116008 I'll
OXIUunGP6W8-00471-00116009-00116249 send uh some of y'all some money
OXIUunGP6W8-00472-00116250-00116452 um sometimes I get behind on it and then
OXIUunGP6W8-00473-00116453-00116615 I send a whole bunch of [__] like
OXIUunGP6W8-00474-00116616-00116831 once like I'll send the entire week's
OXIUunGP6W8-00475-00116832-00116993 worth of videos
OXIUunGP6W8-00476-00116994-00117233 in one day so
OXIUunGP6W8-00477-00117233-00117557 yeah you know what [__] this Let's do
OXIUunGP6W8-00478-00117558-00117827 let's do a fish
OXIUunGP6W8-00479-00117828-00118060 I kind of like the 1300. God damn it
OXIUunGP6W8-00480-00118061-00118199 poor scatter all right this will
OXIUunGP6W8-00481-00118200-00118439 probably be the last buy because if this
OXIUunGP6W8-00482-00118440-00118721 is bad we're not looking too good
OXIUunGP6W8-00483-00118722-00118847 we're talking
OXIUunGP6W8-00484-00118848-00119147 um a 1x on the Second Spin
OXIUunGP6W8-00485-00119148-00119375 it's now a 3X are we just gonna stack
OXIUunGP6W8-00486-00119376-00119560 this reel now we don't want to Branch
OXIUunGP6W8-00487-00119561-00119639 out
OXIUunGP6W8-00488-00119640-00119975 oh I I hate this [__] slot
OXIUunGP6W8-00489-00119976-00120160 this is frustrating
OXIUunGP6W8-00490-00120161-00120454 you stupid [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00491-00120455-00120599 I mean if you want to give me money I'll
OXIUunGP6W8-00492-00120600-00121007 be happy though
OXIUunGP6W8-00493-00121008-00121133 I'm just gonna send it for the video
OXIUunGP6W8-00494-00121133-00121439 either we're gonna have a comeback
OXIUunGP6W8-00495-00121440-00121619 either we get back to 5K and we call it
OXIUunGP6W8-00496-00121620-00121936 or we [__] rip it so hopefully I want
OXIUunGP6W8-00497-00121938-00122116 to see more of this slot because I do
OXIUunGP6W8-00498-00122117-00122284 want to get a good what we've only had
OXIUunGP6W8-00499-00122285-00122477 that one good win this video and we've
OXIUunGP6W8-00500-00122478-00122789 done a [__] load of buys
OXIUunGP6W8-00501-00122790-00123107 which is a little bit upsetting like
OXIUunGP6W8-00502-00123108-00123293 I guess we had a couple other like
OXIUunGP6W8-00503-00123294-00123473 double UPS we could get something here
OXIUunGP6W8-00504-00123474-00123899 who wants to be nice it definitely could
OXIUunGP6W8-00505-00123900-00124115 do something here give us a little green
OXIUunGP6W8-00506-00124116-00124289 [__] Goblin on the front that's tens
OXIUunGP6W8-00507-00124290-00124493 Kings of coins so that is not what I
OXIUunGP6W8-00508-00124494-00124739 asked for I bumped the BET and we just
OXIUunGP6W8-00509-00124740-00124960 get so many three scouters
OXIUunGP6W8-00510-00124961-00125123 you just keep starting out with this
OXIUunGP6W8-00511-00125124-00125483 front guy
OXIUunGP6W8-00512-00125483-00125657 well it's nice to start out with the
OXIUunGP6W8-00513-00125658-00125878 front one but like when you start out
OXIUunGP6W8-00514-00125879-00126107 with the front one it's a horrible one I
OXIUunGP6W8-00515-00126108-00126334 mean look at that this is so bad on our
OXIUunGP6W8-00516-00126335-00126508 seven Dollar Bet or whatever yeah seven
OXIUunGP6W8-00517-00126509-00126652 dollar we were
OXIUunGP6W8-00518-00126653-00126916 we got out of 10 buys we got only two or
OXIUunGP6W8-00519-00126917-00127516 three three scatters like what
OXIUunGP6W8-00520-00127517-00127793 we
OXIUunGP6W8-00521-00127794-00128045 this slot had its [__] way with with
OXIUunGP6W8-00522-00128046-00128345 us it really did
OXIUunGP6W8-00523-00128346-00128675 one
OXIUunGP6W8-00524-00128676-00128933 another one I mean multi here in the
OXIUunGP6W8-00525-00128933-00129202 back for a multi on this one and on the
OXIUunGP6W8-00526-00129203-00129563 back and it could be a [__]
OXIUunGP6W8-00527-00129564-00129923 real good time
OXIUunGP6W8-00528-00129924-00130181 just fill the Gap like a [__] 1X is
OXIUunGP6W8-00529-00130182-00130271 fine
OXIUunGP6W8-00530-00130272-00130577 don't be dumb as [__] thank you
OXIUunGP6W8-00531-00130578-00130828 we only have two spins so it's very hard
OXIUunGP6W8-00532-00130829-00131201 but it can it can do it
OXIUunGP6W8-00533-00131202-00131866 if it wants to
OXIUunGP6W8-00534-00131867-00132389 the last spin
OXIUunGP6W8-00535-00132390-00132647 a lot of ways on the front
OXIUunGP6W8-00536-00132648-00132869 God damn it we can do that for 1300 by
OXIUunGP6W8-00537-00132870-00133121 which is just
OXIUunGP6W8-00538-00133122-00133331 y'all already know what it is I could I
OXIUunGP6W8-00539-00133332-00133559 could have done a 1500 but this 13 has
OXIUunGP6W8-00540-00133560-00133685 not paid us
OXIUunGP6W8-00541-00133686-00133973 give me another three okay it's four
OXIUunGP6W8-00542-00133974-00134195 it is four
OXIUunGP6W8-00543-00134196-00134411 it's thirteen hundred just doesn't pay
OXIUunGP6W8-00544-00134412-00134704 us or are you gonna
OXIUunGP6W8-00545-00134705-00134993 give us the front one with a multi
OXIUunGP6W8-00546-00134994-00135257 no I'll give us another one there though
OXIUunGP6W8-00547-00135258-00135443 they gave us those three we just need
OXIUunGP6W8-00548-00135444-00135749 Maltese on them multi on the back
OXIUunGP6W8-00549-00135750-00135989 damn they're all one X's
OXIUunGP6W8-00550-00135990-00136228 there's so many there's six Wilds all
OXIUunGP6W8-00551-00136229-00136678 One X that seven oh One X
OXIUunGP6W8-00552-00136679-00136921 okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00553-00136922-00137249 that that is tough if just one on each
OXIUunGP6W8-00554-00137250-00137525 of those reels is just a 2X even that
OXIUunGP6W8-00555-00137526-00138497 would have been pretty solid
OXIUunGP6W8-00556-00138498-00138761 uh this ain't gonna be good boys we are
OXIUunGP6W8-00557-00138762-00138964 we're out now
OXIUunGP6W8-00558-00138965-00139204 we're gonna go toss this on Green
OXIUunGP6W8-00559-00139205-00139439 and uh see if we get lucky with hitting
OXIUunGP6W8-00560-00139440-00139619 green because
OXIUunGP6W8-00561-00139620-00139840 that was not good if we hit one of these
OXIUunGP6W8-00562-00139841-00140021 screens I mean we're chilling
OXIUunGP6W8-00563-00140022-00140423 I'm not chilling it'll be
OXIUunGP6W8-00564-00140424-00140687 what it'd be 2800 but I mean 2800 better
OXIUunGP6W8-00565-00140688-00140963 than zero so okay if we missed this one
OXIUunGP6W8-00566-00140964-00141161 I got my rake back so we'll have one
OXIUunGP6W8-00567-00141162-00141371 more bed on it
OXIUunGP6W8-00568-00141372-00141569 well we did miss that one so hopefully
OXIUunGP6W8-00569-00141570-00141731 the rate back I mean the right back
OXIUunGP6W8-00570-00141732-00141881 one's the biggest battle of all of them
OXIUunGP6W8-00571-00141882-00142097 in green anyway so we don't we don't
OXIUunGP6W8-00572-00142098-00142223 want the other ones to hit we wanted the
OXIUunGP6W8-00573-00142224-00142373 right back one to hit
OXIUunGP6W8-00574-00142374-00142637 because then yeah 4K lose 2K on the
OXIUunGP6W8-00575-00142638-00142973 video
OXIUunGP6W8-00576-00142974-00143309 this just after it
OXIUunGP6W8-00577-00143310-00143478 hey hey hey hey hey hey hey
OXIUunGP6W8-00578-00143479-00143819 all right we got two bits of 250 on it
OXIUunGP6W8-00579-00143820-00144113 and then we are [__] walking okay
OXIUunGP6W8-00580-00144114-00144299 we'll do a 184
OXIUunGP6W8-00581-00144300-00144509 200
OXIUunGP6W8-00582-00144510-00144647 and then yeah I don't see what was
OXIUunGP6W8-00583-00144648-00144904 called there so we actually cut on the
OXIUunGP6W8-00584-00144905-00145133 losses a bit with [__] right back so
OXIUunGP6W8-00585-00145134-00145378 shout out right back good play there
OXIUunGP6W8-00586-00145379-00145511 that's why you use code Drew again I
OXIUunGP6W8-00587-00145512-00145666 mean to get a you know
OXIUunGP6W8-00588-00145667-00145954 or uh and sit right back enabled and all
OXIUunGP6W8-00589-00145955-00146159 your other rig pack you know features as
OXIUunGP6W8-00590-00146160-00146285 well well I don't know I don't know why
OXIUunGP6W8-00591-00146286-00146597 you wouldn't yeah
OXIUunGP6W8-00592-00146598-00146801 and okay that's not hitting okay we're
OXIUunGP6W8-00593-00146802-00146975 gonna end it there if that's uh 2K loss
OXIUunGP6W8-00594-00146976-00147197 if y'all want more of if you want to see
OXIUunGP6W8-00595-00147198-00147371 the verses with the three sauce then
OXIUunGP6W8-00596-00147372-00147490 I'll definitely do a doctors make base
OXIUunGP6W8-00597-00147491-00147713 Wild West Golden Mega boys and
OXIUunGP6W8-00598-00147714-00147881 sweet rust megaways yeah I'll do those
OXIUunGP6W8-00599-00147882-00148127 three just let me know and uh that is it
OXIUunGP6W8-00600-00148128-00148358 see y'all tomorrow peace out guys
OXIUunGP6W8-00601-00148359-00149367 [Music]
Oc0ekygTwcI-00000-00000003-00000311 in this example we're asked to evaluate
Oc0ekygTwcI-00001-00000312-00000805 the quantity a plus two over the
Oc0ekygTwcI-00002-00000806-00001054 quantity seven minus two and all of that
Oc0ekygTwcI-00003-00001055-00001345 raised to the second power there's a lot
Oc0ekygTwcI-00004-00001346-00001558 going on with this problem but if we
Oc0ekygTwcI-00005-00001559-00001937 work with PEMDAS first item is to start
Oc0ekygTwcI-00006-00001938-00002204 inside parentheses and simplify that
Oc0ekygTwcI-00007-00002205-00002522 part before doing anything else so I'm
Oc0ekygTwcI-00008-00002523-00002767 going to do that with both parts of this
Oc0ekygTwcI-00009-00002768-00003247 fraction 8 plus 2 is 10 7 minus 2 is 5
Oc0ekygTwcI-00010-00003247-00003652 and I'm going to put everything inside
Oc0ekygTwcI-00011-00003653-00004015 parentheses again and raise it to the
Oc0ekygTwcI-00012-00004017-00004109 second power
Oc0ekygTwcI-00013-00004110-00004438 I can still continue simplifying inside
Oc0ekygTwcI-00014-00004439-00004994 parentheses 10 divided by 5 is 2 I'm
Oc0ekygTwcI-00015-00004995-00005138 going to leave that in parenthesis
Oc0ekygTwcI-00016-00005139-00005333 because I still have this exponent on
Oc0ekygTwcI-00017-00005334-00005843 the outside 2 times 2 is how we compute
Oc0ekygTwcI-00018-00005844-00006293 2 squared and that gives me final result
Oc0ekygTwcI-00019-00006294-00006670 of 4
OfL0An57aBk-00000-00000304-00001718 foreign
OfL0An57aBk-00001-00001719-00002944 so
OfL0An57aBk-00002-00002945-00003484 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00003-00003485-00004303 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00004-00004304-00006751 foreign
OfL0An57aBk-00005-00006752-00008876 uh
OfL0An57aBk-00006-00008877-00009840 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00007-00009841-00011483 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00008-00011484-00014236 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00009-00014237-00015463 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00010-00015463-00016108 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00011-00016109-00017046 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00012-00017047-00018044 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00013-00018045-00018993 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00014-00018994-00021855 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00015-00021856-00022519 so
OfL0An57aBk-00017-00026937-00028919 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00018-00028920-00031583 [Music]
OfL0An57aBk-00019-00031583-00031791 you
OkzCNaZ82eA-00001-00005447-00005599 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00002-00005600-00006159 okay so ready
OkzCNaZ82eA-00003-00006160-00006731 indiana
OkzCNaZ82eA-00004-00006731-00009391 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00005-00009392-00010677 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00007-00015463-00015858 angry
OkzCNaZ82eA-00008-00015859-00016222 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00009-00016223-00016511 um
OkzCNaZ82eA-00011-00021306-00022375 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00012-00022376-00022574 indiana
OkzCNaZ82eA-00013-00022575-00023319 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00014-00023320-00024166 foreign
OkzCNaZ82eA-00015-00024167-00024303 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00016-00024304-00024473 foreign
OkzCNaZ82eA-00017-00024474-00026500 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00018-00026501-00027231 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00019-00027232-00027708 foreign
OkzCNaZ82eA-00020-00027708-00028599 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00021-00028600-00028836 foreign
OkzCNaZ82eA-00022-00028837-00029783 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00023-00029783-00030676 okay
OkzCNaZ82eA-00024-00030677-00031623 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00025-00031624-00031752 so
OkzCNaZ82eA-00026-00031752-00033895 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00027-00033896-00034340 okay
OkzCNaZ82eA-00028-00034341-00036415 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00029-00036416-00037378 gotta immediately
OkzCNaZ82eA-00030-00037379-00038302 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00031-00038303-00040167 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00032-00040168-00040321 india gate
OkzCNaZ82eA-00035-00047719-00047943 i know it's breaking through
OkzCNaZ82eA-00036-00047944-00048158 i know it's breaking through
OkzCNaZ82eA-00037-00048159-00048374 i know it's breaking through
OkzCNaZ82eA-00038-00048375-00048679 i know it's freaking true so come close
OkzCNaZ82eA-00039-00048680-00048809 don't let
OkzCNaZ82eA-00040-00048810-00049143 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00041-00049144-00049471 i go you so
OkzCNaZ82eA-00042-00049472-00049823 my heart is catching fire i just feel so
OkzCNaZ82eA-00043-00049824-00050679 fine with this fire this fire is
OkzCNaZ82eA-00044-00050680-00050895 is burning
OkzCNaZ82eA-00045-00050896-00051086 inside me
OkzCNaZ82eA-00046-00051087-00051454 it's burning my heart is catching fire i
OkzCNaZ82eA-00047-00051455-00053572 just feel so fine with this
OkzCNaZ82eA-00048-00053573-00054703 [Music]
OkzCNaZ82eA-00049-00054704-00054926 i know it's breaking through
OkzCNaZ82eA-00050-00054927-00055223 i know it's breaking through i know it's
OkzCNaZ82eA-00051-00055224-00055359 breaking through
OkzCNaZ82eA-00052-00055360-00056126 i know it's freaking
OkzCNaZ82eA-00053-00056127-00056447 i true you so
OkzCNaZ82eA-00054-00056448-00056807 my heart is catching fire i just feel so
OkzCNaZ82eA-00055-00056808-00056930 fine with
OkzCNaZ82eA-00056-00056932-00057430 this fire this fire this fire
OkzCNaZ82eA-00057-00057432-00057663 the fire
OkzCNaZ82eA-00058-00057664-00057879 is burning
OkzCNaZ82eA-00059-00057879-00058071 inside me
OkzCNaZ82eA-00060-00058072-00058438 it's burning my heart is catching fire i
OkzCNaZ82eA-00061-00058439-00058879 just feel so fine with this fire this
OkzCNaZ82eA-00062-00058879-00059129 fire this
OkzCNaZ82eA-00063-00059129-00059835 [Music]
OkPVac2i1Pu-00000-00000000-00001120 [Music]
OkPVac2i1Pu-00001-00001121-00001514 so I'll go ahead and get started thanks
OkPVac2i1Pu-00002-00001515-00001636 everybody for coming
OkPVac2i1Pu-00003-00001637-00001832 the title of this talk is putting rails
OkPVac2i1Pu-00004-00001832-00001997 in a corner understanding database
OkPVac2i1Pu-00005-00001998-00002279 isolation and that was originally a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00006-00002280-00002570 reference to a quote from the movie
OkPVac2i1Pu-00007-00002571-00002849 Dirty Dancing but much like a lot of
OkPVac2i1Pu-00008-00002850-00003083 lines from 80s movies that kind of came
OkPVac2i1Pu-00009-00003084-00003313 out of nowhere and doesn't really go
OkPVac2i1Pu-00010-00003314-00003503 anywhere so this isn't really a good
OkPVac2i1Pu-00011-00003504-00003809 Dirty Dancing themed talk but instead
OkPVac2i1Pu-00012-00003810-00003986 you get this lovely botanical
OkPVac2i1Pu-00013-00003986-00004241 illustrations which which I find quite
OkPVac2i1Pu-00014-00004242-00004895 nice so I'm email and I'm now as the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00015-00004896-00005149 last hour so a software writer appetit
OkPVac2i1Pu-00016-00005150-00005704 and banty is a great company we work in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00017-00005705-00006026 the gov tech space working with foster
OkPVac2i1Pu-00018-00006027-00006322 agencies with the goal of helping to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00019-00006323-00006776 find every child a family and we're
OkPVac2i1Pu-00020-00006777-00007009 hiring if you want to talk to us about
OkPVac2i1Pu-00021-00007011-00007267 that I'm also on Twitter I've got my
OkPVac2i1Pu-00022-00007268-00007427 handle at the bottom right hand corner
OkPVac2i1Pu-00023-00007428-00007714 if at any time you want to tweet
OkPVac2i1Pu-00024-00007715-00007960 something about the talk I talked about
OkPVac2i1Pu-00025-00007961-00008138 computers on there sometimes but mostly
OkPVac2i1Pu-00026-00008139-00008410 like music theory and jazz and sometimes
OkPVac2i1Pu-00027-00008411-00008810 cute animals cool so let me answer the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00028-00008811-00008996 first question that's all honcho minds
OkPVac2i1Pu-00029-00008997-00009196 right now this should you try and sneak
OkPVac2i1Pu-00030-00009197-00009509 out or else who might benefit from this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00031-00009510-00010037 talk so say that you have some
OkPVac2i1Pu-00032-00010038-00010210 controller actions that you wrapped in a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00033-00010211-00010484 and a transaction and you're finding
OkPVac2i1Pu-00034-00010485-00010694 that you're still having inconsistent
OkPVac2i1Pu-00035-00010695-00010949 data afterwards stick around this is
OkPVac2i1Pu-00036-00010950-00011303 probably for you if you have slow back
OkPVac2i1Pu-00037-00011304-00011635 big slow background jobs they use active
OkPVac2i1Pu-00038-00011636-00011774 job or something like that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00039-00011775-00012035 and those need to run transactions so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00040-00012036-00012396 it's another good another good candidate
OkPVac2i1Pu-00041-00012397-00012713 or if you simply write anything to the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00042-00012714-00012877 database that's based on something that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00043-00012878-00013151 you read from the database so really
OkPVac2i1Pu-00044-00013152-00013382 quite quite general
OkPVac2i1Pu-00045-00013383-00013508 in other words people who need
OkPVac2i1Pu-00046-00013509-00013760 confidence in their data and probably
OkPVac2i1Pu-00047-00013761-00013943 use a sequel database otherwise this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00048-00013944-00014315 might not apply as much but if on the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00049-00014316-00014507 other hand somebody just called you and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00050-00014508-00014647 said that they've got some ice cream and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00051-00014649-00014872 it's gonna melt like totally that sounds
OkPVac2i1Pu-00052-00014874-00015166 better so feel free to feel free to duck
OkPVac2i1Pu-00053-00015168-00016118 out great so thanks for staying and let
OkPVac2i1Pu-00054-00016119-00016361 me just make a kind of meta note before
OkPVac2i1Pu-00055-00016362-00016757 we we really dive in so this is this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00056-00016758-00017021 kind of a dense topic and I wouldn't I
OkPVac2i1Pu-00057-00017022-00017216 think the takeaway here is not that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00058-00017217-00017360 you'd be able to walk away and like
OkPVac2i1Pu-00059-00017361-00017717 immediately write code based on you know
OkPVac2i1Pu-00060-00017718-00017885 sitting and configuring database
OkPVac2i1Pu-00061-00017886-00018125 isolation levels so I'd recommend that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00062-00018126-00018293 you just kind of get a sense of the kind
OkPVac2i1Pu-00063-00018294-00018536 of problems that are affected by the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00064-00018537-00018812 space and and how you might think about
OkPVac2i1Pu-00065-00018813-00019013 configuration and then just remember
OkPVac2i1Pu-00066-00019014-00019271 some terms and go back and search for it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00067-00019272-00019808 later cool so let's consider the context
OkPVac2i1Pu-00068-00019809-00019931 that we're talking about so we're
OkPVac2i1Pu-00069-00019932-00020156 talking about transactions we're talking
OkPVac2i1Pu-00070-00020157-00020480 about how they interact with ORM s and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00071-00020481-00020948 especially active record and it was
OkPVac2i1Pu-00072-00020949-00021200 awesome that DHH set this term up in our
OkPVac2i1Pu-00073-00021201-00021398 mind of leaky abstractions because
OkPVac2i1Pu-00074-00021399-00021692 that's what this is all about and why we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00075-00021693-00022094 still need to talk about this so just a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00076-00022095-00022481 reminder on transactions they're really
OkPVac2i1Pu-00077-00022482-00022658 like a sequence of interactions with the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00078-00022659-00023198 database that really you hope have in a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00079-00023199-00023384 lot of cases these following properties
OkPVac2i1Pu-00080-00023385-00023624 so if you've heard the term acid it's an
OkPVac2i1Pu-00081-00023625-00023753 acronym that stands for atomicity
OkPVac2i1Pu-00082-00023754-00024206 consistency isolation durability a de
OkPVac2i1Pu-00083-00024207-00024440 Missa t means that either everything
OkPVac2i1Pu-00084-00024441-00024662 that you tried to do happened or nothing
OkPVac2i1Pu-00085-00024663-00024823 happened
OkPVac2i1Pu-00086-00024824-00025097 consistency means that when you run a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00087-00025098-00025430 transaction you your transaction starts
OkPVac2i1Pu-00088-00025431-00025627 with a consistent state of the database
OkPVac2i1Pu-00089-00025629-00025834 and it ends with a consistent state of
OkPVac2i1Pu-00090-00025835-00026006 the database it might be the same State
OkPVac2i1Pu-00091-00026007-00026138 or it might be a different one but it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00092-00026139-00026600 should be consistent isolation is kind
OkPVac2i1Pu-00093-00026601-00026733 of primary
OkPVac2i1Pu-00094-00026733-00026961 focus of this talk and I think it's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00095-00026962-00027186 really fair to use your your intuition
OkPVac2i1Pu-00096-00027187-00027480 about what isolation means but the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00097-00027481-00027792 official definition of this is something
OkPVac2i1Pu-00098-00027793-00027981 along the lines of if you have a bunch
OkPVac2i1Pu-00099-00027982-00028127 of transactions that are running at the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00100-00028129-00028485 same time they can be run as if they
OkPVac2i1Pu-00101-00028486-00028701 were run one after the other serially
OkPVac2i1Pu-00102-00028702-00029001 and then durability means that the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00103-00029002-00029189 things that you write and committed do
OkPVac2i1Pu-00104-00029191-00029489 you expect to be able to that they stay
OkPVac2i1Pu-00105-00029491-00029900 there until you delete them at least so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00106-00029901-00030099 what we're going to talk about is how we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00107-00030100-00030377 can control isolation and an effect
OkPVac2i1Pu-00108-00030377-00030669 control consistency so not too much
OkPVac2i1Pu-00109-00030670-00030825 about durability maybe a little bit
OkPVac2i1Pu-00110-00030826-00031206 about atomicity in this talk active
OkPVac2i1Pu-00111-00031207-00031352 record is awesome it gives us this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00112-00031354-00031557 really helpful object model for dealing
OkPVac2i1Pu-00113-00031558-00031887 with our data and it even gives us some
OkPVac2i1Pu-00114-00031888-00032171 controls for for transactions so we can
OkPVac2i1Pu-00115-00032172-00032315 start transaction we can roll back a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00116-00032316-00032574 transaction as of rails 4 we can even
OkPVac2i1Pu-00117-00032575-00032873 control the isolation level so that's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00118-00032874-00033201 that's super helpful but unfortunately
OkPVac2i1Pu-00119-00033202-00033327 it might hide some of the finer points
OkPVac2i1Pu-00120-00033328-00033502 about what's going on with a database
OkPVac2i1Pu-00121-00033503-00033750 that that we need to know about to make
OkPVac2i1Pu-00122-00033751-00034337 our our code behave like we expect so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00123-00034338-00034623 many of you may have used transactions
OkPVac2i1Pu-00124-00034624-00034971 and you take a block of code which you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00125-00034972-00035190 think should have those kind of acid
OkPVac2i1Pu-00126-00035191-00035396 properties and you wrapped it in a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00127-00035397-00035664 active record based transaction block
OkPVac2i1Pu-00128-00035665-00036015 and then we hope that everything goes
OkPVac2i1Pu-00129-00036016-00036294 right well let's take a look at a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00130-00036295-00036618 scenario of an app called the congrats
OkPVac2i1Pu-00131-00036619-00037046 app so this is just an imaginary app but
OkPVac2i1Pu-00132-00037047-00037401 it's an app to send a card from a group
OkPVac2i1Pu-00133-00037402-00037721 of people to one person usually probably
OkPVac2i1Pu-00134-00037722-00037965 to congratulate them so you can go in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00135-00037966-00038127 you can create a card identify a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00136-00038128-00038465 recipient and set a group of people who
OkPVac2i1Pu-00137-00038466-00038607 can sign that car it might be living
OkPVac2i1Pu-00138-00038608-00038895 node and instead of send by date so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00139-00038896-00039121 people can come in and and sign and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00140-00039122-00039462 remove their signature or update their
OkPVac2i1Pu-00141-00039463-00039917 note and then we have a sin by day so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00142-00039918-00040130 say that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00143-00040131-00040332 not everyone has signed by that sin by
OkPVac2i1Pu-00144-00040333-00040586 date we go ahead and send it if you've
OkPVac2i1Pu-00145-00040587-00040802 ever tried to collaborate and get a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00146-00040803-00040961 bunch of people to sign a card for
OkPVac2i1Pu-00147-00040962-00041085 somebody you know there's always some
OkPVac2i1Pu-00148-00041086-00041268 stragglers so we'll just put that into
OkPVac2i1Pu-00149-00041269-00041799 our app so let's say that we have this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00150-00041800-00042030 timeline so Edie gets a promotion that's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00151-00042031-00042192 pretty awesome
OkPVac2i1Pu-00152-00042193-00042483 Edie has a friend named Pat who is
OkPVac2i1Pu-00153-00042484-00042689 really cool and decides that they want
OkPVac2i1Pu-00154-00042690-00043029 to send a congratulatory card to Edie
OkPVac2i1Pu-00155-00043030-00043458 and invites Dana and Rhys so Dana is
OkPVac2i1Pu-00156-00043459-00043640 totally on top of things signs right
OkPVac2i1Pu-00157-00043641-00043995 away but then some drama happens between
OkPVac2i1Pu-00158-00043996-00044205 Dana and Edie I don't know what it is
OkPVac2i1Pu-00159-00044206-00044736 but I'd love to speculate so also it's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00160-00044737-00044924 totally imaginary scenario so I can make
OkPVac2i1Pu-00161-00044925-00045137 it up whatever I want but that's not the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00162-00045138-00045279 important bit the important bit is that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00163-00045280-00045558 the next thing that happens is that Rhys
OkPVac2i1Pu-00164-00045559-00045885 finally signs and Dana at the exact same
OkPVac2i1Pu-00165-00045886-00046165 time decides to remove their signature
OkPVac2i1Pu-00166-00046166-00046539 so we've set up our app so that ETS
OkPVac2i1Pu-00167-00046540-00046902 getting a card but when is when are they
OkPVac2i1Pu-00168-00046903-00047090 gonna get it whose signatures are gonna
OkPVac2i1Pu-00169-00047091-00047358 be on it it's not really obvious from
OkPVac2i1Pu-00170-00047359-00047662 this right so let's zoom in on that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00171-00047663-00048048 somewhat that simultaneous event so this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00172-00048049-00048210 could be one way that happens so Reece
OkPVac2i1Pu-00173-00048211-00048551 says clicks the sign button it comes to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00174-00048552-00048812 our controller we say load the card with
OkPVac2i1Pu-00175-00048813-00049127 the signatures add Reese's signature see
OkPVac2i1Pu-00176-00049128-00049464 if everybody signed and if if everybody
OkPVac2i1Pu-00177-00049465-00049595 has sign then go ahead and send the card
OkPVac2i1Pu-00178-00049596-00049808 at the same time
OkPVac2i1Pu-00179-00049809-00050114 Danette clicks like remove me I no
OkPVac2i1Pu-00180-00050115-00050412 longer want to be associated and we load
OkPVac2i1Pu-00181-00050413-00050739 their signature and then delete it so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00182-00050740-00050880 this could it could happen this way
OkPVac2i1Pu-00183-00050881-00051305 depending on you know garbage collection
OkPVac2i1Pu-00184-00051307-00051587 or whatever it could happen this way
OkPVac2i1Pu-00185-00051588-00051983 who knows so what's supposed to happen
OkPVac2i1Pu-00186-00051984-00052236 in either of these scenarios what do we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00187-00052237-00052494 intend to happen well it could go two
OkPVac2i1Pu-00188-00052495-00052781 ways as far as I can see one is that we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00189-00052782-00052938 don't send a card until the send by date
OkPVac2i1Pu-00190-00052939-00053148 and only the people who intended to sign
OkPVac2i1Pu-00191-00053149-00053275 during that entire time
OkPVac2i1Pu-00192-00053276-00053516 mine are represented and I think that's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00193-00053516-00053684 probably what I would want
OkPVac2i1Pu-00194-00053685-00053950 so like Dana's signature is not on there
OkPVac2i1Pu-00195-00053951-00054400 but everybody else is is but we could
OkPVac2i1Pu-00196-00054401-00054688 also end up sending the card before the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00197-00054689-00054947 send by date and still having deleted
OkPVac2i1Pu-00198-00054948-00055265 data stain asserted eita base so at some
OkPVac2i1Pu-00199-00055266-00055603 point even in our not only if we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00200-00055604-00055891 misrepresented what everybody wanted in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00201-00055892-00056080 our database we have a card that was
OkPVac2i1Pu-00202-00056081-00056263 sent with before the send by date
OkPVac2i1Pu-00203-00056264-00056554 without all the signatures so that seems
OkPVac2i1Pu-00204-00056555-00057067 bad so why why can we end up in these
OkPVac2i1Pu-00205-00057068-00057503 inconsistent states well when we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00206-00057504-00057734 actually do the sending we're assuming
OkPVac2i1Pu-00207-00057735-00058051 that the context from before hasn't
OkPVac2i1Pu-00208-00058052-00058312 changed we just made a decision based on
OkPVac2i1Pu-00209-00058313-00058882 on that context so the the thing that we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00210-00058883-00059128 have to know is even though we talked
OkPVac2i1Pu-00211-00059129-00059503 about those asset transactions what went
OkPVac2i1Pu-00212-00059504-00059743 wrong is that the database actually
OkPVac2i1Pu-00213-00059744-00060130 makes trade-offs so we relaxed the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00214-00060131-00060353 databases relaxed isolation to improve
OkPVac2i1Pu-00215-00060354-00060641 concurrency and performance so we the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00216-00060641-00060907 the database says in certain cases we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00217-00060908-00061103 don't have to be as strict and I put
OkPVac2i1Pu-00218-00061104-00061322 this really cute dog photo on there so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00219-00061323-00061565 that you remember this really key
OkPVac2i1Pu-00220-00061566-00061778 important part so remember the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00221-00061779-00062116 blissed-out dog
OkPVac2i1Pu-00222-00062117-00062428 so there's actually a spectrum of
OkPVac2i1Pu-00223-00062429-00062632 isolation that we can choose and it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00224-00062633-00062965 trades off between performance cost and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00225-00062966-00063353 and how isolated you are and don't try
OkPVac2i1Pu-00226-00063354-00063481 and read all these right now we'll go
OkPVac2i1Pu-00227-00063482-00063890 through them but you are always in one
OkPVac2i1Pu-00228-00063891-00064099 of these isolation levels no matter what
OkPVac2i1Pu-00229-00064100-00064421 and depending on which database you're
OkPVac2i1Pu-00230-00064422-00064663 in you might be in one by default or
OkPVac2i1Pu-00231-00064664-00064849 another one by default and also
OkPVac2i1Pu-00232-00064850-00065096 depending on which database you're in it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00233-00065097-00065234 might implement these differently
OkPVac2i1Pu-00234-00065235-00065390 because the requirements are only
OkPVac2i1Pu-00235-00065391-00065716 minimum requirements each at every level
OkPVac2i1Pu-00236-00065717-00065947 it could actually be more isolated than
OkPVac2i1Pu-00237-00065948-00066351 is specified so let's go through these
OkPVac2i1Pu-00238-00066352-00066609 read uncommitted to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00239-00066610-00066792 the ours there's no guarantee about
OkPVac2i1Pu-00240-00066793-00067047 isolation you there's there's nothing
OkPVac2i1Pu-00241-00067048-00067262 that is is required of the database to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00242-00067263-00067485 isolate your transaction so you can in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00243-00067486-00067818 fact even read rows that have been
OkPVac2i1Pu-00244-00067819-00067976 updated or inserted in other
OkPVac2i1Pu-00245-00067977-00068166 transactions that haven't even committed
OkPVac2i1Pu-00246-00068167-00068580 yet and that means that if you read data
OkPVac2i1Pu-00247-00068581-00068961 during your transaction if you read it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00248-00068962-00069084 again it could be totally different
OkPVac2i1Pu-00249-00069085-00069297 there's no warning and you don't know
OkPVac2i1Pu-00250-00069298-00069465 where it came from and in fact it might
OkPVac2i1Pu-00251-00069466-00069873 even rollback so it's it's really you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00252-00069874-00070199 have no guarantees whatsoever I can't
OkPVac2i1Pu-00253-00070200-00070355 think of a really good reason to use
OkPVac2i1Pu-00254-00070356-00070497 this for production code but I have
OkPVac2i1Pu-00255-00070498-00070718 actually used it for sneaking a peek at
OkPVac2i1Pu-00256-00070719-00070907 what's going on on my sequel in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00257-00070908-00071093 production if I ever really long-running
OkPVac2i1Pu-00258-00071094-00071732 transaction so for the next level up is
OkPVac2i1Pu-00259-00071733-00072234 read committed so in this case when you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00260-00072235-00072411 read something from the database you're
OkPVac2i1Pu-00261-00072412-00072597 guaranteed that it has at least been
OkPVac2i1Pu-00262-00072598-00072999 committed by another transaction however
OkPVac2i1Pu-00263-00073000-00073254 that means that you still may have may
OkPVac2i1Pu-00264-00073255-00073554 be able to read data twice and it be
OkPVac2i1Pu-00265-00073555-00073815 different without you having changed
OkPVac2i1Pu-00266-00073816-00074124 anything in in that transaction so it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00267-00074125-00074375 still doesn't sound super isolated but
OkPVac2i1Pu-00268-00074376-00074606 it's better than reading somebody's kind
OkPVac2i1Pu-00269-00074607-00074892 of like half done work and then there's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00270-00074893-00075143 there's no real warning if anything
OkPVac2i1Pu-00271-00075144-00075366 happened and this is what Postgres
OkPVac2i1Pu-00272-00075367-00075684 chooses its default repeatable read it's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00273-00075685-00075881 the next level up so this means that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00274-00075882-00076199 once you've read a row if you try and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00275-00076200-00076611 read it again you'll only see changes
OkPVac2i1Pu-00276-00076612-00076838 that you've made to it so at this point
OkPVac2i1Pu-00277-00076839-00077073 we're now in a place where the things
OkPVac2i1Pu-00278-00077074-00077243 that we kind of touched during our
OkPVac2i1Pu-00279-00077244-00077549 transaction are now consistent within
OkPVac2i1Pu-00280-00077550-00077835 within the transaction so that that's a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00281-00077836-00078210 pretty nice guarantee and what happens
OkPVac2i1Pu-00282-00078211-00078621 is if you read something and then start
OkPVac2i1Pu-00283-00078622-00078863 updating things the database will warn
OkPVac2i1Pu-00284-00078864-00079173 you and say hey you just did something
OkPVac2i1Pu-00285-00079174-00079392 based on something that changed and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00286-00079393-00079575 committed to a different state by the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00287-00079576-00079749 time you're done with your transaction
OkPVac2i1Pu-00288-00079750-00079983 so you may want to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00289-00079984-00080139 do something else so won't fix anything
OkPVac2i1Pu-00290-00080140-00080526 it's not an automatic fix but it is a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00291-00080527-00080805 really helpful warning you can still end
OkPVac2i1Pu-00292-00080806-00081093 up with inconsistent data in this in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00293-00081094-00081396 this level it's a little bit harder but
OkPVac2i1Pu-00294-00081397-00081744 it's definitely possible and then this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00295-00081745-00081960 is what my sequel chooses as its default
OkPVac2i1Pu-00296-00081961-00082157 although as again I said it's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00297-00082158-00082424 implemented differently from post crest
OkPVac2i1Pu-00298-00082425-00082818 serializable is basically full isolation
OkPVac2i1Pu-00299-00082819-00083250 so transactions can only happen in a way
OkPVac2i1Pu-00300-00083251-00083493 that they could be they could have been
OkPVac2i1Pu-00301-00083494-00083850 written serially so this is hopefully an
OkPVac2i1Pu-00302-00083851-00084057 implementation of that full I in the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00303-00084058-00084330 assets back it's pretty I could not
OkPVac2i1Pu-00304-00084331-00084570 think of a way to get inconsistent data
OkPVac2i1Pu-00305-00084571-00085002 without like incorrect code in this with
OkPVac2i1Pu-00306-00085003-00085215 this level but if you think of what a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00307-00085216-00085374 way or you know of a way and let me know
OkPVac2i1Pu-00308-00085375-00085503 I think it would be really interesting
OkPVac2i1Pu-00309-00085504-00085884 and then this is the most expensive so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00310-00085885-00086168 let's go back to our scenario and see
OkPVac2i1Pu-00311-00086169-00086571 what would happen if we used repeatable
OkPVac2i1Pu-00312-00086572-00087012 read or serializable with our with this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00313-00087013-00087294 scenario that happened before so if we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00314-00087295-00087537 got to the end of the transaction in in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00315-00087538-00087750 Reese's transaction and say dana's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00316-00087751-00088167 committed before then we would get a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00317-00088168-00088368 warning from the database that says hey
OkPVac2i1Pu-00318-00088369-00088566 sorry your assumptions changed whatever
OkPVac2i1Pu-00319-00088567-00088878 you did you can't rely on that we're
OkPVac2i1Pu-00320-00088879-00089076 gonna roll back everything and and try
OkPVac2i1Pu-00321-00089077-00089472 again so that's at least a helpful
OkPVac2i1Pu-00322-00089473-00089715 warning to you to help you know that you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00323-00089716-00090018 have to do something else it's also
OkPVac2i1Pu-00324-00090019-00090234 possible that Dana could have gotten a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00325-00090235-00090420 rollback and said sorry we couldn't have
OkPVac2i1Pu-00326-00090421-00090696 deleted your signature before we sent
OkPVac2i1Pu-00327-00090697-00090894 the the card but at least to be able to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00328-00090895-00091380 warn the user in that case so everything
OkPVac2i1Pu-00329-00091381-00091740 I talked about before is basically just
OkPVac2i1Pu-00330-00091741-00092079 for sequel we didn't really need to know
OkPVac2i1Pu-00331-00092080-00092490 anything about rails or rubia but as I
OkPVac2i1Pu-00332-00092491-00092928 mentioned you can enable isolation in in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00333-00092929-00093252 rails as of rails 4 and what you do is
OkPVac2i1Pu-00334-00093253-00093692 when you have a transaction block you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00335-00093693-00094104 specify an isolation level on as an
OkPVac2i1Pu-00336-00094105-00094290 argument to the transaction alone so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00337-00094291-00094608 cool we're all done right it was less
OkPVac2i1Pu-00338-00094609-00094752 than one line of code for this whole
OkPVac2i1Pu-00339-00094753-00095094 talk is simply a parameter change yeah
OkPVac2i1Pu-00340-00095095-00095427 not quite so as I mentioned as you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00341-00095428-00095811 increase the the isolation guarantees
OkPVac2i1Pu-00342-00095812-00096096 your performance may suffer and it may
OkPVac2i1Pu-00343-00096097-00096297 suffer because well there's there is
OkPVac2i1Pu-00344-00096298-00096471 actually more load on the database as
OkPVac2i1Pu-00345-00096472-00096701 well he may hold locks things like that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00346-00096702-00097074 you may have to repeat transactions but
OkPVac2i1Pu-00347-00097075-00097272 that's the cost of doing business there
OkPVac2i1Pu-00348-00097273-00097512 and depending on how you implement
OkPVac2i1Pu-00349-00097513-00097767 things you may introduce dead logs it's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00350-00097768-00097935 not the worst thing in the world it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00351-00097936-00098090 actually looks a lot like those
OkPVac2i1Pu-00352-00098091-00098289 serialization errors that we saw before
OkPVac2i1Pu-00353-00098290-00098499 but it's another thing that might come
OkPVac2i1Pu-00354-00098500-00099195 up so what's actually special about RMS
OkPVac2i1Pu-00355-00099196-00099663 and an active record well there's this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00356-00099664-00100011 great abstraction that reads from the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00357-00100012-00100533 database for you at times that are that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00358-00100534-00100713 allow caching and then a caches things
OkPVac2i1Pu-00359-00100714-00100998 and it also writes to the database and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00360-00100999-00101163 it may do that at any time so you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00361-00101164-00101652 actually don't always really know if the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00362-00101653-00101817 data that you're being that you're
OkPVac2i1Pu-00363-00101818-00102138 reading has been read into a model yet
OkPVac2i1Pu-00364-00102139-00102366 so we have to go through special
OkPVac2i1Pu-00365-00102367-00102630 procedures like pre loading and eager
OkPVac2i1Pu-00366-00102631-00103053 loading or refreshing so in order to get
OkPVac2i1Pu-00367-00103054-00103286 this great facility from the database
OkPVac2i1Pu-00368-00103288-00103707 that warns us when our isolation has has
OkPVac2i1Pu-00369-00103708-00104055 been has a problem we need to give a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00370-00104056-00104375 hint to the database to tell it hey I
OkPVac2i1Pu-00371-00104376-00104655 I'm using this data and I'm making
OkPVac2i1Pu-00372-00104656-00104976 assumptions based on it and my logic my
OkPVac2i1Pu-00373-00104977-00105417 application logic needs that so let's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00374-00105418-00105608 consider how we might implement that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00375-00105609-00106005 send by dates that we mentioned so one
OkPVac2i1Pu-00376-00106006-00106158 thing that we could do is use an active
OkPVac2i1Pu-00377-00106158-00106203 job
OkPVac2i1Pu-00378-00106204-00106401 implementation and if you're familiar
OkPVac2i1Pu-00379-00106402-00106709 with active job it's really cool or if
OkPVac2i1Pu-00380-00106710-00107115 you're not it's also cool one thing that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00381-00107116-00107352 you can do is call these jobs and say
OkPVac2i1Pu-00382-00107353-00107595 perform this later on this model so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00383-00107596-00107897 maybe we've got a card model and we say
OkPVac2i1Pu-00384-00107898-00108233 send the cards at the send my date later
OkPVac2i1Pu-00385-00108234-00108567 on with with this card and it does this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00386-00108568-00108785 really cool magic underneath the hood it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00387-00108786-00109017 says I know if this card is I'm going to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00388-00109018-00109389 take an ID stick that into whatever our
OkPVac2i1Pu-00389-00109390-00109653 store is for our our background job
OkPVac2i1Pu-00390-00109654-00109947 queue maybe it's Redis or active in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00391-00109948-00110139 queue or something like that and then
OkPVac2i1Pu-00392-00110140-00110355 when when I call you back in this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00393-00110356-00110783 perform method I'm gonna re reform that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00394-00110784-00111211 card for you and pass it in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00395-00111213-00111405 unfortunately what that means is that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00396-00111406-00111651 the read for the database happened
OkPVac2i1Pu-00397-00111652-00111927 outside the transaction so we thought we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00398-00111928-00112245 could use the serializable isolation
OkPVac2i1Pu-00399-00112246-00112590 level for for the body of this this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00400-00112591-00112824 active job but it turns out that the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00401-00112825-00112992 database has no way of knowing that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00402-00112993-00113256 we're using the data in the card to make
OkPVac2i1Pu-00403-00113257-00113583 our assumptions so one thing that we can
OkPVac2i1Pu-00404-00113583-00113769 do to improve that unfortunately we have
OkPVac2i1Pu-00405-00113770-00114222 to kind of not let active job I get the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00406-00114223-00114528 card for us but we it's not too bad we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00407-00114529-00114743 can just introduce an additional
OkPVac2i1Pu-00408-00114744-00115151 additional line here pass in the card ID
OkPVac2i1Pu-00409-00115152-00115530 to to perform the job later and then
OkPVac2i1Pu-00410-00115531-00115803 grab it within the transaction so now
OkPVac2i1Pu-00411-00115804-00116040 the database knows hey we're this is
OkPVac2i1Pu-00412-00116041-00116410 something that we're using for our logic
OkPVac2i1Pu-00413-00116411-00116871 but there's a problem what if we sent a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00414-00116872-00117054 card in the actual mail and then the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00415-00117055-00117300 database told us hey you shouldn't have
OkPVac2i1Pu-00416-00117301-00117429 done that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00417-00117430-00117546 somebody's going to have to go digging
OkPVac2i1Pu-00418-00117547-00117750 through the post box and that's not
OkPVac2i1Pu-00419-00117751-00118326 great so so we can try something else so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00420-00118327-00118443 this is another technique that you can
OkPVac2i1Pu-00421-00118444-00118758 use which is well still continue to pass
OkPVac2i1Pu-00422-00118758-00118950 the card ID and we'll still grab it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00423-00118951-00119127 within the course of the transaction and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00424-00119128-00119424 then maybe we'll add a boolean field to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00425-00119425-00119580 the card table
OkPVac2i1Pu-00426-00119581-00119925 that says are we committed to send and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00427-00119926-00120231 what we want to do in terms of getting
OkPVac2i1Pu-00428-00120232-00120513 them the logic here is we want to say
OkPVac2i1Pu-00429-00120514-00120785 we're only going to send the card in the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00430-00120786-00121029 mail when this field goes from false to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00431-00121030-00121466 true never again so so it should happen
OkPVac2i1Pu-00432-00121467-00121764 really and most once and depending on
OkPVac2i1Pu-00433-00121765-00121944 how we it might happen at least once as
OkPVac2i1Pu-00434-00121945-00122111 well depending on how we deal with our
OkPVac2i1Pu-00435-00122113-00122292 jobs but here we kind of guarantee that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00436-00122293-00122829 happens at most once and so in this in
OkPVac2i1Pu-00437-00122830-00123069 this second line here with the return
OkPVac2i1Pu-00438-00123070-00123321 we're we're making a decision based on
OkPVac2i1Pu-00439-00123322-00123509 what we read from the database yeah is
OkPVac2i1Pu-00440-00123510-00123789 this committed to send if not then
OkPVac2i1Pu-00441-00123790-00124014 continue on say we are committed to send
OkPVac2i1Pu-00442-00124015-00124454 and then the only way that we can either
OkPVac2i1Pu-00443-00124455-00124749 exit the transaction and continue on to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00444-00124750-00124926 the next line or exit the transaction
OkPVac2i1Pu-00445-00124927-00125256 without a rollback is if that if our
OkPVac2i1Pu-00446-00125257-00125406 assumption went from false to true and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00447-00125407-00125697 we use the database to helpfully get us
OkPVac2i1Pu-00448-00125698-00125970 from one state to the to the next just
OkPVac2i1Pu-00449-00125971-00126409 once you gotta watch out for loops too
OkPVac2i1Pu-00450-00126410-00126645 so one thing that you might think about
OkPVac2i1Pu-00451-00126646-00126860 doing is sending like a reminder email
OkPVac2i1Pu-00452-00126861-00126990 to everybody who hasn't signed a card
OkPVac2i1Pu-00453-00126991-00127194 yet and it's before their send by days
OkPVac2i1Pu-00454-00127195-00127470 so one thing you might think is I'm just
OkPVac2i1Pu-00455-00127471-00127811 gonna do this loop in a in a transaction
OkPVac2i1Pu-00456-00127813-00128106 do them all at once and that might be
OkPVac2i1Pu-00457-00128107-00128309 safe and it might be okay too if they're
OkPVac2i1Pu-00458-00128310-00128532 if you know that this doesn't happen or
OkPVac2i1Pu-00459-00128533-00128697 if there's not very many cards like that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00460-00128698-00128954 or not very many reminders to send out
OkPVac2i1Pu-00461-00128955-00129198 but you may also experience a lot of
OkPVac2i1Pu-00462-00129199-00129525 rollback so really you're just you got
OkPVac2i1Pu-00463-00129526-00129683 to watch out for the surface area of
OkPVac2i1Pu-00464-00129684-00129983 your transactions so it it's better if
OkPVac2i1Pu-00465-00129984-00130182 you don't make a lot of assumptions and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00466-00130183-00130440 then make a lot of actions based on
OkPVac2i1Pu-00467-00130441-00130731 those assumptions so classic advice keep
OkPVac2i1Pu-00468-00130732-00130995 your keep your transaction small if you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00469-00130996-00131205 do decide to do that though at least try
OkPVac2i1Pu-00470-00131206-00131352 and put an ordering a consistent
OkPVac2i1Pu-00471-00131353-00131469 ordering on the way that you access
OkPVac2i1Pu-00472-00131470-00131706 resources here we're only accessing them
OkPVac2i1Pu-00473-00131707-00132162 from one table but we at least should
OkPVac2i1Pu-00474-00132163-00132450 try and access them in say an ID order
OkPVac2i1Pu-00475-00132451-00132614 or something that's consistent between
OkPVac2i1Pu-00476-00132615-00132767 transactions
OkPVac2i1Pu-00477-00132768-00132953 otherwise you could lead to two
OkPVac2i1Pu-00478-00132954-00133103 deadlocks now I got to talk too much
OkPVac2i1Pu-00479-00133104-00133232 about that but that's another thing that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00480-00133233-00133475 I would recommend digging into a little
OkPVac2i1Pu-00481-00133476-00133645 bit more if you haven't come across
OkPVac2i1Pu-00482-00133646-00133967 database deadlocks it's another huge
OkPVac2i1Pu-00483-00133968-00134590 topic so maybe a better idea would be to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00484-00134591-00135044 go and get all of the cards that you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00485-00135045-00135302 think might not that might need a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00486-00135303-00135494 reminder and then to a transaction
OkPVac2i1Pu-00487-00135495-00135767 around each one and then explicitly do a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00488-00135768-00136034 reload within the transaction block to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00489-00136035-00136331 say hey go get this from the database
OkPVac2i1Pu-00490-00136332-00136526 again tell it that we're using this data
OkPVac2i1Pu-00491-00136527-00136961 and then make our decision based on what
OkPVac2i1Pu-00492-00136962-00137191 we read within the transaction and then
OkPVac2i1Pu-00493-00137192-00137666 send it if if need be a little trick you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00494-00137667-00137873 can do is just select the ID and then if
OkPVac2i1Pu-00495-00137874-00138026 you do a reload it will actually reload
OkPVac2i1Pu-00496-00138027-00138476 all the fields for you so we talked
OkPVac2i1Pu-00497-00138477-00138782 about how to configure and use all of
OkPVac2i1Pu-00498-00138783-00139097 the all the database isolation levels
OkPVac2i1Pu-00499-00139098-00139216 but how do you actually identify this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00500-00139217-00139388 rollback so you can make a decision
OkPVac2i1Pu-00501-00139389-00139613 about whether or not you should do
OkPVac2i1Pu-00502-00139614-00140309 something well if if you're running a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00503-00140310-00140486 transaction what will happen is it will
OkPVac2i1Pu-00504-00140487-00140716 throw active record will throw this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00505-00140717-00141109 active record statement invalid error
OkPVac2i1Pu-00506-00141110-00141395 unfortunately at the current state of
OkPVac2i1Pu-00507-00141396-00141794 things the exact nature of that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00508-00141795-00142088 statement invalid could be anything it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00509-00142089-00142286 could be that your sequel is invalid or
OkPVac2i1Pu-00510-00142287-00142616 something else so active record does
OkPVac2i1Pu-00511-00142617-00142910 provide this cause field on on this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00512-00142911-00143186 statement invalid error and then it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00513-00143187-00143456 what's attached is database driver
OkPVac2i1Pu-00514-00143457-00143728 specific not just database specific
OkPVac2i1Pu-00515-00143729-00144091 Postgres is is pretty well typed and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00516-00144092-00144391 then within there you can decide to try
OkPVac2i1Pu-00517-00144392-00144761 or read or do not retry depending to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00518-00144762-00145615 paraphrase and my sequel has done less
OkPVac2i1Pu-00519-00145616-00145907 less with the inheritance tree here so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00520-00145908-00146162 it's just error and these also might
OkPVac2i1Pu-00521-00146163-00146474 be different for JDBC as well so you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00522-00146475-00146696 really have to the best way to do this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00523-00146697-00146969 is try and create scenarios where you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00524-00146970-00147329 will run into isolation errors and see
OkPVac2i1Pu-00525-00147330-00147803 what's thrown unfortunately we haven't
OkPVac2i1Pu-00526-00147804-00148088 talked at all about tests but also I'm
OkPVac2i1Pu-00527-00148089-00148379 sorry this leads to trouble with tests
OkPVac2i1Pu-00528-00148380-00148826 so between each test for most tests
OkPVac2i1Pu-00529-00148827-00149069 ideally what you can do is set up a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00530-00149070-00149372 transaction before the test runs run all
OkPVac2i1Pu-00531-00149373-00149564 your logic and then when it's done roll
OkPVac2i1Pu-00532-00149565-00149762 it back and get back to the state that
OkPVac2i1Pu-00533-00149763-00150035 you started out possibly empty or
OkPVac2i1Pu-00534-00150036-00150257 possibly with some seed data and that's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00535-00150258-00150620 great it's super fast and it's it's a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00536-00150621-00150869 really consistent way of dealing with
OkPVac2i1Pu-00537-00150870-00151415 with test data unfortunately once a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00538-00151416-00151613 transaction has been started you cannot
OkPVac2i1Pu-00539-00151614-00152003 change the transaction level so if
OkPVac2i1Pu-00540-00152004-00152207 you're testing code that changes the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00541-00152208-00152498 transaction level you probably you're
OkPVac2i1Pu-00542-00152499-00152774 going to want to use deletion or
OkPVac2i1Pu-00543-00152775-00152954 truncation strategies for your database
OkPVac2i1Pu-00544-00152955-00153581 cleaner so I wrote a little poem this is
OkPVac2i1Pu-00545-00153582-00153731 just to say that I've slowed the tests
OkPVac2i1Pu-00546-00153732-00153908 that were in transactions and you what
OkPVac2i1Pu-00547-00153909-00154091 you're probably hoping would remain fast
OkPVac2i1Pu-00548-00154092-00154307 forgive me they were so simple and so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00549-00154308-00154549 clean and so clear but now they're not
OkPVac2i1Pu-00550-00154550-00154844 sorry also apologies to William Carlos
OkPVac2i1Pu-00551-00154845-00155204 only so some more testing considerations
OkPVac2i1Pu-00552-00155205-00155387 how do you actually test the concurrency
OkPVac2i1Pu-00553-00155388-00155543 here it's actually really hard I don't
OkPVac2i1Pu-00554-00155544-00155705 have a great answer for you and I got a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00555-00155706-00155999 lie so one thing you can do is load
OkPVac2i1Pu-00556-00156000-00156215 testing this is more likely to come up
OkPVac2i1Pu-00557-00156216-00156575 with load testing and then the other
OkPVac2i1Pu-00558-00156576-00156860 thing you can do is kind of manually
OkPVac2i1Pu-00559-00156861-00157217 test it and this really stinks but you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00560-00157218-00157453 can try and add random sleeps to things
OkPVac2i1Pu-00561-00157454-00157760 just to prove at least to yourself what
OkPVac2i1Pu-00562-00157761-00157907 kinds of errors come up and that they're
OkPVac2i1Pu-00563-00157908-00158255 handled this yeah I can't say sorry
OkPVac2i1Pu-00564-00158256-00158462 enough for that but it it totally works
OkPVac2i1Pu-00565-00158463-00158612 and it works really consistently but
OkPVac2i1Pu-00566-00158613-00158909 it's really hard to automate so if
OkPVac2i1Pu-00567-00158910-00159023 anybody comes up with some great ideas
OkPVac2i1Pu-00568-00159024-00159304 for testing
OkPVac2i1Pu-00569-00159305-00159906 so let's do a quick review so remember
OkPVac2i1Pu-00570-00159907-00160389 my top happy dog slide databases try to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00571-00160390-00160722 trade a isolation for performance the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00572-00160723-00160940 database and active record will let you
OkPVac2i1Pu-00573-00160941-00161295 choose the level but choosing it may
OkPVac2i1Pu-00574-00161296-00161610 require code and test changes and and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00575-00161611-00161816 it's a performance hit it's not just a
OkPVac2i1Pu-00576-00161817-00162069 performance hit and I say it's worth it
OkPVac2i1Pu-00577-00162070-00162290 for the correctness I mean when I say
OkPVac2i1Pu-00578-00162291-00162461 it's worth it I mean it's required
OkPVac2i1Pu-00579-00162462-00162723 there's not really much else you can do
OkPVac2i1Pu-00580-00162724-00163169 you just kind of have to do it so yeah
OkPVac2i1Pu-00581-00163170-00163713 so I added this slide after I saw both
OkPVac2i1Pu-00582-00163714-00163986 DHHS and and Eileen's talk and I I
OkPVac2i1Pu-00583-00163987-00164202 realized as I was going through this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00584-00164203-00164504 talk this kind of sucks yeah yeah this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00585-00164505-00164706 is really hard and when you saw like the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00586-00164707-00165039 final form of that of that job I hope
OkPVac2i1Pu-00587-00165040-00165336 that like I don't know if you like me
OkPVac2i1Pu-00588-00165337-00165498 it's like wow this really looks like
OkPVac2i1Pu-00589-00165499-00165790 threading code and that's really kind of
OkPVac2i1Pu-00590-00165791-00166190 rough so I don't think it has to be this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00591-00166191-00166449 way I think we can do more with this and
OkPVac2i1Pu-00592-00166450-00166797 I think the more people understand this
OkPVac2i1Pu-00593-00166798-00167022 and kind of get an idea of the use cases
OkPVac2i1Pu-00594-00167023-00167295 for this maybe we can do better and try
OkPVac2i1Pu-00595-00167296-00167487 and push some of this stuff further down
OkPVac2i1Pu-00596-00167488-00167736 the stack maybe we can figure out when
OkPVac2i1Pu-00597-00167737-00167988 we entered a transaction that changed
OkPVac2i1Pu-00598-00167989-00168210 the isolation was very specific about
OkPVac2i1Pu-00599-00168211-00168501 isolation level and we explicitly reread
OkPVac2i1Pu-00600-00168502-00168873 things so that we so that we can hint to
OkPVac2i1Pu-00601-00168874-00169091 the database that it that we made
OkPVac2i1Pu-00602-00169092-00169257 assumptions on that data something like
OkPVac2i1Pu-00603-00169258-00169565 that but we can definitely compress the
OkPVac2i1Pu-00604-00169566-00169797 concept down into rails an active record
OkPVac2i1Pu-00605-00169798-00170007 I'm not totally sure how yet but there's
OkPVac2i1Pu-00606-00170008-00170226 there's definitely work that that we
OkPVac2i1Pu-00607-00170227-00170852 could be doing with that cool I just so
OkPVac2i1Pu-00608-00170853-00171077 thanks to slides carnival which I use
OkPVac2i1Pu-00609-00171078-00171336 this nice slide deck under Creative
OkPVac2i1Pu-00610-00171337-00171901 Commons Attribution and thanks everybody
OkPVac2i1Pu-00611-00171902-00172660 [Applause]
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00000-00000062-00000347 Jackson officially the city of Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00001-00000348-00000596 is the capital and most populous city of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00002-00000597-00000899 the US state of Mississippi it is one of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00003-00000900-00001162 two county seats of Hinds County along
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00004-00001163-00001448 with Raymond Mississippi the city of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00005-00001449-00001766 Jackson also includes around 3,000 acres
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00006-00001767-00001934 comprising Jackson Medgar Evers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00007-00001935-00002167 International Airport in Rankin County
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00008-00002168-00002437 and a small portion of Madison County
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00009-00002438-00002756 the city's population was estimated to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00010-00002757-00002983 be one hundred and sixty-five thousand
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00011-00002984-00003313 and 72 in 2017 a decline from one
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00012-00003314-00003511 hundred and seventy three thousand five
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00013-00003513-00003833 hundred and fourteen in 2010 the city
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00014-00003834-00004040 sits on the Pearl River and is located
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00015-00004040-00004295 in the Greater Jackson prairie region of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00016-00004296-00004702 Mississippi founded in 1821 as the site
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00017-00004703-00004931 for a new state capital the city is
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00018-00004932-00005179 named after General Andrew Jackson who
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00019-00005180-00005366 was honored for his role in the Battle
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00020-00005367-00005593 of New Orleans during the War of 1812
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00021-00005594-00005877 and would later serve as US president
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00022-00005878-00006113 following the nearby Battle of Vicksburg
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00023-00006114-00006460 in 1863 during the American Civil War
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00024-00006461-00006680 Union forces under the command of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00025-00006681-00006905 General William Tecumseh Sherman began
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00026-00006906-00007112 the siege of Jackson and the city was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00027-00007113-00007378 subsequently burned during the 1920s
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00028-00007379-00007637 Jackson surpassed Meridian to become the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00029-00007638-00007787 most populous city in the state
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00030-00007788-00008056 following a speculative natural gas boom
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00031-00008058-00008353 in the region the current slogan for the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00032-00008354-00008720 city is the city with soul it has had
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00033-00008721-00008945 numerous musicians prominent in blues
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00034-00008946-00009371 gospel folk and jazz Jackson is the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00035-00009372-00009549 anchor for the Jackson Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00036-00009550-00009866 metropolitan statistical area it is the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00037-00009867-00010106 state's largest metropolitan area with a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00038-00010107-00010421 twenty sixteen population of 579
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00039-00010422-00010601 thousand three hundred and thirty two
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00040-00010602-00010826 about one-fifth of Mississippi's
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00041-00010827-00011427 population
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00042-00011428-00012298 topic history
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00043-00012299-00013001 topic native-americans the region that
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00044-00013002-00013193 is now the city of Jackson was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00045-00013194-00013412 historically part of the large territory
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00046-00013413-00013646 occupied by the Choctaw Nation the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00047-00013647-00013850 historic culture of the Muscogee in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00048-00013851-00014060 speaking indigenous peoples who had
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00049-00014061-00014266 inhabited the area for thousands of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00050-00014268-00014612 years before European colonization the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00051-00014613-00014834 Choctaw name for the locale was Chi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00052-00014835-00015097 Shafak er the area now called Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00053-00015098-00015329 was obtained by the United States under
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00054-00015330-00015541 the terms of the Treaty of dokes stand
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00055-00015543-00015788 in 1820 by which the United States
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00056-00015788-00016016 acquired the land owned by the chopped'
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00057-00016016-00016343 or Native Americans after the treaty was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00058-00016344-00016594 ratified American settlers moved into
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00059-00016595-00016790 the area encroaching on remaining
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00060-00016791-00017096 Choctaw communal lands one of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00061-00017097-00017381 original Choctaw members in 1849
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00062-00017382-00017567 described what he and his people
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00063-00017568-00017792 experienced during this turbulent time
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00064-00017793-00017987 when the Europeans had come to take
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00065-00017988-00018250 their land we have had our habitations
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00066-00018251-00018553 torn down and burned as well as though
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00067-00018554-00018830 fences burned while they themselves
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00068-00018831-00019103 constantly faced personal abuse and have
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00069-00019104-00019481 been scoured manacled and fetid under
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00070-00019482-00019678 pressure from the US government the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00071-00019679-00019894 chopped' or Native Americans agreed to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00072-00019895-00020141 removal after 1830 from all of their
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00073-00020142-00020300 lands east of the Mississippi River
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00074-00020301-00020563 under the terms of several treaties
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00075-00020564-00020837 although most of the Choctaw moved to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00076-00020838-00021028 Indian territory in present-day Oklahoma
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00077-00021029-00021236 along with the other of the Five
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00078-00021237-00021464 Civilized tribes a significant number
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00079-00021465-00021719 chose to stay in their homeland citing
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00080-00021720-00021935 article 14 of the Treaty of Dancing
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00081-00021936-00022247 Rabbit Creek they gave up the tribal
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00082-00022248-00022481 membership and became state and United
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00083-00022482-00022667 States citizens at the time
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00084-00022668-00022964 today most chopped or in Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00085-00022965-00023180 have reorganized and a part of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00086-00023181-00023411 federally recognized Mississippi band of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00087-00023412-00023722 Choctaw Indians they live in several
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00088-00023723-00023947 majority Indian communities located
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00089-00023948-00024169 throughout the state the largest
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00090-00024170-00024455 community is located in chopped or 100
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00091-00024456-00024772 miles 160 kilometers northeast of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00092-00024773-00024968 Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00093-00024969-00025323 you
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00094-00025324-00025691 topic founding an antebellum period to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00095-00025692-00026142 1860
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00096-00026143-00026358 located on the historic Natchez Trace
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00097-00026358-00026645 trade route created by Native Americans
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00098-00026647-00026886 and used by European American settlers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00099-00026887-00027117 and on the Pearl River the city's first
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00100-00027118-00027345 European American settler was Louis
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00101-00027345-00027651 Lafleur a french-canadian trader the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00102-00027652-00027867 village became known as leafless bluff
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00103-00027868-00028155 during the late 18th century and early
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00104-00028156-00028410 19th century this site had a trading
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00105-00028411-00028715 post it was connected to markets in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00106-00028716-00028790 Tennessee
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00107-00028791-00029052 soldiers returning to Tennessee from the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00108-00029052-00029292 military campaigns near New Orleans in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00109-00029293-00029583 1815 built a public road that connected
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00110-00029583-00029826 Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana to this
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00111-00029827-00030152 district a United States treaty with the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00112-00030153-00030377 Choctaw the Treaty of Doakes stand in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00113-00030378-00030648 1820 formally opened the area for
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00114-00030649-00030975 non-native American settlers left lers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00115-00030976-00031182 bluff was developed when it was chosen
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00116-00031183-00031389 as the site for the new state's capital
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00117-00031389-00031712 city the Mississippi General Assembly
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00118-00031713-00032015 decided in 1821 that the state needed a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00119-00032016-00032202 centrally located capital the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00120-00032202-00032446 legislature was then located in Natchez
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00121-00032447-00032739 they commissioned Thomas Hinds James
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00122-00032739-00032990 Patton and William Latimer to look for a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00123-00032991-00033306 suitable site the absolute center of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00124-00033307-00033518 state was a swamp so the group had to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00125-00033519-00033879 widen the search after surveying areas
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00126-00033880-00034110 north and east of Jackson they proceeded
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00127-00034111-00034323 Southwest along the Pearl River until
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00128-00034324-00034545 they reached leafless bluff in two days
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00129-00034546-00034860 Hinds County their report to the General
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00130-00034861-00035100 Assembly stated that this location had
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00131-00035101-00035295 beautiful and healthful surroundings
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00132-00035296-00035562 good water abundant timber navigable
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00133-00035563-00035796 waters and proximity to the Natchez
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00134-00035797-00036105 Trace the Assembly passed an act on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00135-00036106-00036486 November 28 1821 authorizing the site as
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00136-00036487-00036671 the permanent seat of the government of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00137-00036672-00036968 the state of Mississippi on the same day
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00138-00036969-00037208 it passed a resolution to instruct the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00139-00037209-00037443 Washington delegation to press Congress
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00140-00037444-00037668 for a donation of public lands on the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00141-00037669-00037833 river for the purpose of improved
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00142-00037834-00038145 navigation to the Gulf of Mexico one
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00143-00038146-00038396 Whig politician lamented the new Capitol
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00144-00038397-00038687 is a serious violation of principle
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00145-00038688-00038918 because it was not at the absolute
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00146-00038919-00039123 center of the state the Capitol was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00147-00039124-00039345 named for General Andrew Jackson to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00148-00039346-00039530 honor his January 1850
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00149-00039531-00039692 victory at the Battle of New Orleans
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00150-00039693-00039932 during the war of 1812
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00151-00039933-00040199 he was later elected as the seventh
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00152-00040200-00040417 President of the United States
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00153-00040418-00040704 the city of Jackson was originally
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00154-00040705-00041060 planned in April 1822 by Peter Aaron Van
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00155-00041061-00041417 Dorn in a checkerboard pattern advocated
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00156-00041418-00041657 by Thomas Jefferson city blocks
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00157-00041658-00041892 alternated with parks and other open
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00158-00041893-00042164 spaces over time many of the park
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00159-00042165-00042377 squares have been developed rather than
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00160-00042378-00042662 maintained as green space the state
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00161-00042663-00042902 legislature first met in Jackson on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00162-00042903-00043358 December 23rd 1822 in 1839 the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00163-00043359-00043592 Mississippi legislature passed the first
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00164-00043593-00043823 state law in the u.s. to permit married
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00165-00043824-00044024 women to own and administer their own
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00166-00044025-00044402 property Jackson was connected by public
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00167-00044403-00044752 road to Vicksburg and Clinton in 1826
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00168-00044753-00045038 Jackson was first connected by railroad
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00169-00045039-00045476 to other cities in 1840 in 1844 map
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00170-00045477-00045695 shows Jackson linked by an east-west
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00171-00045696-00045896 rail line running between Vicksburg
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00172-00045897-00046226 Raymond and Brandon unlike Vicksburg
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00173-00046227-00046505 Greenville and Natchez Jackson is not
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00174-00046506-00046736 located on the Mississippi River and it
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00175-00046737-00046901 did not develop during the antebellum
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00176-00046902-00047171 era as those cities did from major river
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00177-00047172-00047486 commerce construction of railroad lines
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00178-00047487-00047705 to the city sparked its growth in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00179-00047706-00048446 decades following the American Civil War
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00180-00048447-00048821 topic American Civil War in late 19th
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00181-00048822-00049643 century 1861 to 1900 despite its small
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00182-00049644-00049928 population during the Civil War Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00183-00049929-00050105 became a strategic center of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00184-00050106-00050390 manufacturing for the Confederacy in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00185-00050391-00050708 1863 during the military campaign which
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00186-00050709-00050939 ended in the capture of Vicksburg Union
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00187-00050940-00051170 forces captured Jackson during two
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00188-00051171-00051401 battles once before the fall of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00189-00051402-00051608 Vicksburg and once after the fall of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00190-00051609-00052108 Vicksburg on May 13th 1863 Union forces
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00191-00052109-00052370 won the first battle of Jackson forcing
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00192-00052371-00052583 Confederate forces to flee northward
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00193-00052584-00052954 towards Canton on May 15th Union troops
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00194-00052955-00053135 under the command of William Tecumseh
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00195-00053136-00053357 Sherman burned and looted key facilities
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00196-00053358-00053680 in Jackson a strategic manufacturing and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00197-00053682-00053899 railroad center for the Confederacy
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00198-00053900-00054191 after driving the Confederate forces out
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00199-00054191-00054473 of Jackson Union forces turned West and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00200-00054474-00054679 engaged the Vicksburg defenders at the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00201-00054680-00054866 Battle of champion Hill in nearby
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00202-00054866-00055232 Edwards the Union forces began the siege
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00203-00055233-00055310 of Vicksburg
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00204-00055311-00055597 soon after their victory a champion Hill
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00205-00055598-00055867 Confederate forces began to reassemble
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00206-00055869-00056123 in Jackson in preparation for an attempt
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00207-00056124-00056288 to break through the Union lines
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00208-00056289-00056504 surrounding Vicksburg and end the siege
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00209-00056504-00056834 the Confederate forces in Jackson built
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00210-00056835-00057091 defensive fortifications encircling the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00211-00057092-00057316 city while preparing to march west to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00212-00057317-00057667 Vicksburg Confederate forces marched out
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00213-00057669-00057998 of Jackson in early July 1863 to break
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00214-00057999-00058301 the siege of Vicksburg but unknown to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00215-00058302-00058337 them
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00216-00058338-00058538 Vicksburg had already surrendered on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00217-00058539-00058976 July 4 1863 General Ulysses S Grant
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00218-00058977-00059195 dispatched General Sherman to meet the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00219-00059196-00059396 Confederate forces heading west from
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00220-00059397-00059716 Jackson upon learning that Vicksburg had
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00221-00059717-00059909 already surrendered the Confederates
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00222-00059910-00060221 retreated into Jackson Union forces
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00223-00060222-00060491 began the siege of Jackson which lasted
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00224-00060491-00060812 for approximately one week Union forces
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00225-00060813-00061022 encircled the city and began an
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00226-00061023-00061279 artillery bombardment one of the Union
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00227-00061280-00061463 artillery emplacements has been
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00228-00061464-00061619 preserved on the grounds of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00229-00061620-00061784 University of Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00230-00061785-00062068 Medical Center in Jackson another
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00231-00062069-00062275 federal position is preserved on the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00232-00062276-00062557 campus of Millsaps College John C
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00233-00062558-00062806 Breckinridge former United States vice
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00234-00062807-00062992 president served as one of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00235-00062994-00063212 Confederate generals defending Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00236-00063213-00063643 on July 16 1863 Confederate forces
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00237-00063644-00063862 slipped out of Jackson during the night
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00238-00063863-00064116 and retreated across the Pearl River
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00239-00064117-00064415 Union forces completely burned the city
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00240-00064416-00064736 after its capture this second time the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00241-00064737-00065054 city was called chimney ville because
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00242-00065054-00065249 only the chimneys of houses were left
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00243-00065250-00065474 standing the northern line of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00244-00065475-00065713 Confederate defenses in Jackson during
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00245-00065714-00065948 the siege was located along a road near
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00246-00065949-00066146 downtown Jackson now known as
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00247-00066147-00066467 fortification Street because of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00248-00066468-00066682 siege and following destruction few
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00249-00066683-00066899 antebellum structures have survived in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00250-00066900-00067199 Jackson the governor's mansion built in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00251-00067200-00067501 1842 served as Sherman's headquarters
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00252-00067502-00067799 and has been preserved another is the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00253-00067800-00068024 old Capitol building which served as the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00254-00068025-00068168 home of the Mississippi State
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00255-00068169-00068585 Legislature from 1839 to 1903 the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00256-00068586-00068786 Mississippi legislature passed the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00257-00068787-00069013 ordinance of secession from the Union On
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00258-00069014-00069317 January 9 1861 they're becoming the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00259-00069318-00069542 second state to secede from the United
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00260-00069543-00069874 States the Jackson City Hall built in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00261-00069875-00070117 1846 for less than eight thousand
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00262-00070118-00070415 dollars also survived it is said that
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00263-00070416-00070681 Sherman a Mason spared it because it
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00264-00070682-00070871 housed a Masonic Lodge though a more
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00265-00070872-00071099 likely reason is that it housed an Army
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00266-00071100-00071401 Hospital during Reconstruction
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00267-00071402-00071648 Mississippi had considerable insurgent
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00268-00071649-00071854 action as whites struggled to maintain
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00269-00071855-00072278 supremacy in 1875 the red shirts were
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00270-00072279-00072530 formed one of a second wave of insurgent
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00271-00072531-00072728 paramilitary organizations that
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00272-00072729-00072998 essentially operated as the military arm
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00273-00072999-00073322 of the Democratic Party to take back
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00274-00073323-00073559 political power from the Republicans and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00275-00073560-00073871 to drive backs from the poles Democrats
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00276-00073872-00074036 regained control of the state
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00277-00074037-00074423 legislature in 1876 the constitutional
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00278-00074424-00074672 convention of 1890
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00279-00074673-00074992 city's constitution of 1890 was also
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00280-00074993-00075173 held at the Capitol
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00281-00075174-00075443 this was the first of new constitutions
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00282-00075444-00075674 or amendments ratified in each southern
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00283-00075675-00075907 state through 1908 that effectively
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00284-00075908-00076163 disenfranchised most african-americans
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00285-00076164-00076385 and many poor whites through provisions
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00286-00076386-00076634 making voter registration more difficult
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00287-00076635-00076865 such as poll taxes residency
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00288-00076866-00077177 requirements and literacy tests these
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00289-00077178-00077393 provisions survived a Supreme Court
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00290-00077394-00077750 challenge in 1898 as 20th century
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00291-00077751-00078005 Supreme Court decisions later ruled such
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00292-00078006-00078190 provisions were unconstitutional
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00293-00078191-00078392 Mississippi and other southern states
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00294-00078393-00078677 rapidly devised new methods to continue
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00295-00078678-00078899 disfranchisement of most blacks who
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00296-00078900-00079139 comprised a majority in the state until
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00297-00079140-00079514 the 1930s their exclusion from politics
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00298-00079515-00079885 was maintained into the late 1960s the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00299-00079886-00080177 economic recovery from the Civil War was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00300-00080178-00080372 slow through the start of the 20th
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00301-00080373-00080582 century but there were some developments
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00302-00080583-00080966 in transportation in 1871 the city
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00303-00080967-00081215 introduced mule-drawn streetcars which
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00304-00081216-00081431 ran on State Street which were replaced
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00305-00081432-00081752 by electric ones in 1899 the so called
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00306-00081753-00081941 new Capitol replaced the oldest
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00307-00081942-00082231 structure upon its completion in 1903
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00308-00082232-00082541 today the Old Capitol is operated as a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00309-00082542-00083125 Historical Museum
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00310-00083126-00083995 topic early 20th century 1901 to 1960
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00311-00083996-00084304 author Eudora Welty was born in Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00312-00084305-00084576 in 1909 lived most of her life in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00313-00084577-00084807 Belle Haven section of the city and died
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00314-00084808-00085192 there in 2001 her memoir of development
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00315-00085193-00085525 as a writer one writers beginnings 1984
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00316-00085526-00085753 presented a picture of the city in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00317-00085754-00086082 early 20th century she won the Pulitzer
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00318-00086083-00086365 Prize in 1973 for her novel the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00319-00086366-00086572 optimists daughter and is best known for
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00320-00086573-00086890 her novels and short stories the Maine
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00321-00086891-00087132 Jackson Public Library was named in her
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00322-00087133-00087313 honor and her home has been designated
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00323-00087314-00087706 as a National Historic Landmark Richard
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00324-00087707-00087907 Wright a highly acclaimed African
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00325-00087908-00088141 American author lived in Jackson as an
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00326-00088142-00088384 adolescent and young man in the 1910s
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00327-00088385-00088788 and 1920s he related his experience in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00328-00088789-00089218 his memoir black boy 1945 he described
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00329-00089219-00089443 the harsh and largely terror-filled life
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00330-00089444-00089701 most African Americans experienced in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00331-00089702-00089907 the south and in northern ghettos such
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00332-00089908-00090144 as Chicago under segregation in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00333-00090145-00090475 early 20th century Jackson had
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00334-00090476-00090706 significant growth in the early 20th
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00335-00090707-00090951 century which produced dramatic changes
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00336-00090952-00091312 in the city skyline Jackson's new Union
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00337-00091313-00091531 Station downtown reflected the city
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00338-00091532-00091825 service by multiple rail lines including
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00339-00091826-00092098 the Illinois Central the railroads were
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00340-00092099-00092323 among the new work opportunities for
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00341-00092324-00092554 African Americans who moved into the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00342-00092555-00092751 city from rural areas for such
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00343-00092752-00093100 industrial type jobs across the street
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00344-00093101-00093313 the new luxurious King Edward hotel
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00345-00093314-00093643 opened its doors in 1923 having been
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00346-00093644-00093853 built according to a design by New
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00347-00093854-00094156 Orleans architect William T Mullen it
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00348-00094157-00094390 became a center for prestigious events
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00349-00094391-00094654 held by Jackson society and Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00350-00094655-00095044 politicians nearby the 18-story standard
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00351-00095045-00095359 life building designed in 1929 by Claude
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00352-00095360-00095578 Linsley was the largest reinforced
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00353-00095579-00095806 concrete structure in the world upon its
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00354-00095807-00095937 completion
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00355-00095938-00096196 Jackson's economic growth was further
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00356-00096197-00096505 stimulated in the 1930s by the discovery
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00357-00096506-00096853 of natural gas fields nearby speculators
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00358-00096854-00097111 had begun searching for oil and natural
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00359-00097112-00097427 gas in Jackson beginning in 1920
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00360-00097428-00097664 the initial drilling attempts came up
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00361-00097665-00097916 empty this failure did not stop Ella
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00362-00097917-00098108 render from obtaining a lease from the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00363-00098109-00098348 state's insane asylum to begin a well on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00364-00098349-00098621 its grounds in 1924 where he found
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00365-00098622-00098945 natural gas render eventually lost the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00366-00098946-00099143 rights when courts determined that the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00367-00099144-00099338 asylum did not have the right to lease
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00368-00099339-00099578 the state's property businessman jumped
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00369-00099579-00099806 on the opportunity and dug wells in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00370-00099807-00100112 Jackson area the continued success of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00371-00100113-00100289 these ventures attracted further
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00372-00100290-00100619 investment by 1930 there were fourteen
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00373-00100620-00100891 Derrick's in the Jackson skyline
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00374-00100892-00101138 Mississippi Governor Theodore Bilbo
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00375-00101139-00101519 stated this enthusiasm was subdued when
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00376-00101520-00101753 the first wells failed to produce oil of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00377-00101754-00101933 a sufficiently high gravity for
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00378-00101934-00102218 commercial success the barrels of oil
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00379-00102219-00102440 had considerable amounts of saltwater
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00380-00102441-00102718 which lessened the quality the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00381-00102719-00102899 governor's prediction was wrong in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00382-00102900-00103108 hindsight but the oil and natural gas
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00383-00103109-00103379 industry did provide an economic boost
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00384-00103380-00103673 for the city and state the effects of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00385-00103674-00103880 the Great Depression were mitigated by
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00386-00103881-00104197 the industry's success at its height in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00387-00104198-00104600 1934 there were 113 producing wells in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00388-00104601-00104894 the state the overwhelming majority were
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00389-00104895-00105227 closed by 1955 due to provisions in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00390-00105228-00105413 federal rivers and harbors Act on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00391-00105414-00105773 October 25th 1930 city leaders met with
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00392-00105774-00106052 US Army engineers to ask for federal
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00393-00106053-00106382 help to alleviate Jackson flooding JJ
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00394-00106383-00106631 Hall 'but city engineer proposed a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00395-00106632-00106805 straightening and dredging of the Pearl
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00396-00106806-00107410 River below Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00397-00107411-00107979 topic Jackson's Gold Coast
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00398-00107980-00108195 during Mississippi's extended
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00399-00108196-00108489 Prohibition period from the 1920s until
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00400-00108490-00108761 the 1960s illegal drinking and gambling
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00401-00108763-00109002 casinos flourished on the east side of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00402-00109003-00109233 the Pearl River in Flowood along the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00403-00109233-00109458 original US Route 80 just across from
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00404-00109458-00109749 the city of Jackson those illegal
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00405-00109750-00109980 casinos bootleg liquor stores and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00406-00109981-00110210 nightclubs made up the Gold Coast a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00407-00110211-00110451 strip of mostly black market businesses
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00408-00110452-00110646 that operate it for decades along
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00409-00110647-00110940 Flowood Road although outside the law
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00410-00110941-00111183 the Gold Coast was a thriving center of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00411-00111183-00111383 nightlife and music with many local
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00412-00111384-00111627 blues musicians appearing regularly in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00413-00111628-00111957 the club's the Gold Coast declined and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00414-00111958-00112109 businesses disappeared after
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00415-00112110-00112329 Mississippi's prohibition laws were
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00416-00112330-00112644 repealed in 1966 allowing Hinds County
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00417-00112645-00113082 including Jackson to go wet in addition
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00418-00113083-00113295 integration drew off business from
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00419-00113296-00113508 establishments that earlier had catered
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00420-00113508-00113759 to African Americans such as the Somers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00421-00113760-00114134 hotel when it opened in 1943 on Pearl
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00422-00114135-00114383 Street it was one of two hotels in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00423-00114384-00114683 city that served black clients for years
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00424-00114684-00114882 its subway lounge was a prime
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00425-00114883-00115101 performance spot for black musicians
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00426-00115102-00115433 playing jazz and blues in another major
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00427-00115434-00115752 change in 1990 the state approved Gaming
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00428-00115753-00115868 on riverboats
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00429-00115869-00116157 numerous casinos have been developed on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00430-00116158-00116394 riverboats mostly in Mississippi Delta
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00431-00116395-00116673 towns such as Tunica resorts Greenville
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00432-00116674-00116936 and Vicksburg as well as Biloxi on the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00433-00116938-00117249 Gulf Coast before the damage and losses
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00434-00117250-00117576 due to Hurricane Katrina in 2005 the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00435-00117577-00117761 state ranked second nationally in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00436-00117763-00118352 gambling revenues
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00437-00118353-00119031 topic World War 2 and later development
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00438-00119032-00119319 during World War two Hawkins field in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00439-00119320-00119534 Northwest Jackson was developed as a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00440-00119535-00119847 major airbase among other facilities and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00441-00119848-00120081 units the Royal Netherlands military
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00442-00120082-00120273 flying school was established there
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00443-00120274-00120504 after Nazi Germany occupied the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00444-00120505-00120870 Netherlands from 1941 the base trained
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00445-00120871-00121305 all Dutch military air crews in 1949 the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00446-00121306-00121548 poet Margaret Walker began teaching at
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00447-00121549-00121752 Jackson State University a historically
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00448-00121753-00122082 black college she taught there until
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00449-00122083-00122406 1979 and founded the University Center
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00450-00122407-00122763 for african-american studies her poetry
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00451-00122764-00122955 collection won a Yale younger poets
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00452-00122956-00123402 prize her second novel Jubilee 1966 is
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00453-00123403-00123572 considered a major work of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00454-00123573-00123732 african-american literature
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00455-00123733-00124506 she has influenced many younger writers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00456-00124507-00125147 topic civil rights movement in Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00457-00125148-00125411 the civil rights movement had been
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00458-00125413-00125664 active for decades particularly mounting
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00459-00125665-00125865 legal challenges to Mississippi's
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00460-00125866-00126102 Constitution and laws that disfranchise
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00461-00126103-00126509 blacks beginning in 1960 Jackson as the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00462-00126510-00126720 state capitol became the site for
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00463-00126721-00126954 dramatic nonviolent protests in a new
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00464-00126955-00127176 phase of activism that brought in a wide
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00465-00127177-00127380 variety of participants in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00466-00127381-00127718 performance of mass demonstrations in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00467-00127719-00127965 1960 the Census Bureau reported
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00468-00127966-00128258 Jackson's population as sixty four point
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00469-00128259-00128442 three percent white and thirty five
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00470-00128443-00128727 point seven percent black at the time
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00471-00128728-00128988 public facilities were segregated and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00472-00128989-00129270 Jim Crow was in effect efforts to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00473-00129271-00129498 desegregate Jackson facilities began
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00474-00129499-00129726 when nine Tougaloo college students
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00475-00129727-00129983 tried to read books in the white only
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00476-00129983-00130329 public library and were arrested founded
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00477-00130330-00130634 as a historically black college HBCU by
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00478-00130635-00130845 the American missionary Association
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00479-00130846-00131060 after the Civil War to galue college
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00480-00131061-00131265 helped organize both black and white
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00481-00131266-00131466 students of the region to work together
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00482-00131467-00131796 for civil rights it created partnerships
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00483-00131797-00131976 with the neighboring mostly white
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00484-00131977-00132210 Millsaps college to work with student
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00485-00132211-00132525 activists it has been recognized as a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00486-00132526-00132855 site on the Civil Rights Trail by the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00487-00132856-00133169 National Park Service the mass
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00488-00133170-00133434 demonstrations of the 1960s were
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00489-00133435-00133665 initiated with the arrival of more than
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00490-00133666-00134169 300 Freedom Riders on May 24th 1961 they
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00491-00134170-00134406 were arrested in Jackson for disturbing
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00492-00134407-00134589 the peace after they disembarked from
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00493-00134590-00134880 their interstate buses the interracial
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00494-00134881-00135165 teams rode the buses from Washington DC
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00495-00135166-00135372 and Saturday together to demonstrate
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00496-00135373-00135561 against segregation on public
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00497-00135562-00135786 transportation as the Constitution
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00498-00135787-00135990 provides for unrestricted public
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00499-00135991-00136260 transportation although the Freedom
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00500-00136261-00136497 Riders had intended New Orleans as the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00501-00136498-00136719 final destination Jackson was the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00502-00136720-00137019 farthest that any managed to travel new
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00503-00137020-00137220 participants kept joining the movement
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00504-00137221-00137466 as they intended to fill the jails in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00505-00137467-00137781 Jackson with the protests the riders had
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00506-00137782-00137903 encountered extreme
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00507-00137904-00138122 violence along the way including a bus
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00508-00138123-00138401 burning and physical assaults they
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00509-00138402-00138647 attracted national media attention to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00510-00138648-00138896 the struggle for constitutional rights
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00511-00138897-00139226 after the Freedom Rides students and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00512-00139227-00139379 activists of the freedom movement
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00513-00139380-00139632 launched a series of merchants boycotts
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00514-00139633-00139968 sit-ins and protests marches from 1961
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00515-00139969-00140409 to 1963 businesses discriminated against
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00516-00140410-00140721 black customers for instance at the time
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00517-00140722-00140924 department stores did not hire black
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00518-00140925-00141188 sales clerks or allow black customers to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00519-00141189-00141365 use their fitting rooms to try on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00520-00141366-00141584 clothes or lunch counters for meals
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00521-00141585-00141791 while in the store but they wanted them
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00522-00141792-00142170 to shop in the stalls in Jackson shortly
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00523-00142171-00142533 after midnight on June 12 1963 Medgar
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00524-00142534-00142760 Evers civil rights activist and leader
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00525-00142761-00142963 of the Mississippi Chapter of the NAACP
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00526-00142964-00143307 was assassinated by Byron de la Beckwith
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00527-00143308-00143573 a white supremacist associated with the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00528-00143574-00143879 white Citizens Council thousands marched
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00529-00143880-00144128 in Eva's funeral procession to protest
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00530-00144129-00144393 the killing two trials at the time both
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00531-00144394-00144713 resulted in hung juries a portion of US
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00532-00144714-00145044 Highway 49 all of Delta drive a library
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00533-00145045-00145277 the central post office for the city and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00534-00145278-00145523 Jackson Evers International Airport were
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00535-00145524-00145913 named in honor of Medgar Evers in 1994
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00536-00145914-00146106 prosecutors Edie Peters and Bobby
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00537-00146107-00146309 DeLaughter finally obtained a murder
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00538-00146310-00146532 conviction in a state trial of delay
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00539-00146533-00146875 Beckwith based on new evidence during
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00540-00146876-00147272 1963 and 1964 civil rights organizers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00541-00147273-00147468 gathered local residents for voter
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00542-00147469-00147788 education and voter registration backs
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00543-00147789-00148034 had been essentially disfranchised since
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00544-00148035-00148424 1890 in a pilot project in 1963
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00545-00148425-00148700 activists rapidly registered 80,000
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00546-00148701-00148937 voters across the state demonstrating
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00547-00148938-00149169 the desire of African Americans to vote
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00548-00149170-00149556 in 1964 they created the Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00549-00149557-00149750 freedom Democratic Party as an
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00550-00149751-00149939 alternative to the all-white state
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00551-00149940-00150185 Democratic Party and sent an alternate
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00552-00150186-00150381 slate of candidates to the National
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00553-00150382-00150635 Democratic Party convention in Atlantic
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00554-00150636-00150983 City New Jersey that year
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00555-00150984-00151244 segregation and the disfranchisement of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00556-00151245-00151473 african-americans gradually ended after
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00557-00151474-00151653 the civil rights movement gained
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00558-00151654-00151839 congressional passage of the Civil
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00559-00151840-00152145 Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00560-00152146-00152661 of 1965 in June 1966 Jackson was the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00561-00152662-00152859 terminus of the james Meredith March
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00562-00152860-00153123 organized by james Meredith the first
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00563-00153124-00153321 African American to enroll at the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00564-00153322-00153603 University of Mississippi the March
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00565-00153604-00153867 which began in Memphis Tennessee was an
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00566-00153868-00154053 attempt to garner support for full
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00567-00154054-00154248 implementation of civil rights in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00568-00154249-00154542 practice following the legislation it
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00569-00154543-00154758 was accompanied by a new drive to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00570-00154759-00154995 register African Americans to vote in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00571-00154996-00155268 Mississippi in this latter goal it
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00572-00155269-00155613 succeeded in registering between 2,500
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00573-00155614-00155858 and 3,000 black Mississippians to vote
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00574-00155859-00156204 the March ended on June 26th after
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00575-00156205-00156390 Meredith who had been wounded by a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00576-00156391-00156597 sniper's bullet earlier on the March
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00577-00156598-00156867 addressed a large rally of some 15,000
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00578-00156868-00157308 people in Jackson in September 1967 the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00579-00157309-00157494 Ku Klux Klan chapter bombed the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00580-00157495-00157628 synagogue of the Beth Israel
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00581-00157629-00157908 congregation in Jackson and in November
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00582-00157909-00158142 bombed the house of its rabbi dr. Perry
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00583-00158143-00158445 Nussbaum he and his congregation had
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00584-00158446-00158808 supported civil rights gradually the old
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00585-00158809-00159060 barriers came down since that period
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00586-00159061-00159324 both whites and african-americans in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00587-00159325-00159546 state have had a consistently high rate
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00588-00159547-00159782 of voter registration and turnout
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00589-00159783-00160005 following the decades of the great
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00590-00160006-00160239 migration when more than 1 million backs
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00591-00160240-00160557 left the rural South since the 1930s the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00592-00160558-00160806 state has been majority white in total
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00593-00160807-00161100 population african-americans are a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00594-00161101-00161352 majority in the city of Jackson although
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00595-00161353-00161696 the metropolitan area is majority white
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00596-00161697-00161958 african-americans are also a majority in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00597-00161959-00162159 several cities and counties of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00598-00162160-00162390 Mississippi Delta which are included in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00599-00162391-00162660 the second congressional district the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00600-00162661-00162864 other three congressional districts are
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00601-00162865-00163406 majority white
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00602-00163407-00164097 topic mid-1960s to present
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00603-00164098-00164334 the first successful Kedavra clong
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00604-00164335-00164520 transplant was performed at the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00605-00164521-00164778 University of Mississippi Medical Center
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00606-00164779-00165132 in Jackson in June 1963 by dr. James
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00607-00165133-00165468 Hardy hardy transplanted the Kedavra
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00608-00165469-00165690 clung into a patient suffering from lung
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00609-00165691-00166026 cancer the patient survived for 18 days
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00610-00166027-00166473 before dying of kidney failure in 1966
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00611-00166474-00166698 it was estimated that recurring flood
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00612-00166699-00166908 damage at Jackson from the Pearl River
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00613-00166909-00167130 averaged nearly a million dollars per
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00614-00167131-00167391 year the US Army Corps of Engineers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00615-00167392-00167733 spent 6.8 million dollars on levees and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00616-00167734-00168021 a new channel in 1966 prior to the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00617-00168022-00168210 project completion with the aim to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00618-00168211-00168405 prevent a flood equal to the December
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00619-00168406-00168726 1961 event plus an additional foot since
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00620-00168727-00169059 1968 Jackson has been the home of Malica
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00621-00169060-00169260 records one of the leading record
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00622-00169261-00169503 companies for gospel blues and soul
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00623-00169504-00169854 music in the United States in January
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00624-00169855-00170241 1973 Paul Simon recorded the songs learn
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00625-00170242-00170592 how to fall and take me to the Mardi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00626-00170593-00170931 Gras found on the album there goes Ryman
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00627-00170932-00171141 Simon in Jackson at the malakko
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00628-00171142-00171429 recording studios many well-known
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00629-00171430-00171675 southern artists recorded on the album
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00630-00171676-00171855 including the Muscle Shoals rhythm
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00631-00171856-00172143 section David hood Jimmie Johnson Roger
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00632-00172144-00172419 Hawkins Barry Beckett Carson Whitsett
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00633-00172420-00172605 the onward brass band from New Orleans
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00634-00172606-00172983 and others the label has recorded many
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00635-00172984-00173250 leading soul and blues artists including
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00636-00173251-00173499 Bobby bland Zed Zed Hill Lattimore
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00637-00173500-00173775 Shirley Brown Denise LaSalle and Tyrone
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00638-00173776-00174255 Davis on may 15 1970 jocks and police
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00639-00174256-00174501 killed two students and wounded 12 at
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00640-00174502-00174753 Jackson State College after a protest of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00641-00174754-00174963 the Vietnam War included students
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00642-00174964-00175269 overturning and burning some cars these
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00643-00175270-00175500 killings occurred eleven days after the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00644-00175501-00175728 National Guard killed four students in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00645-00175729-00175920 an anti-war protest at Kent State
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00646-00175921-00176190 University in Ohio and were part of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00647-00176191-00176375 national social unrest
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00648-00176376-00176625 Newsweek cited the Jackson State
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00649-00176626-00176865 killings in its issue of May 18th when
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00650-00176866-00177072 it suggested that US President Richard
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00651-00177073-00177350 Nixon faced a new home front
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00652-00177351-00177635 the influx of illegal drugs nationally
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00653-00177636-00177865 affected Jackson as smugglers used the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00654-00177866-00178133 highways seaports and airports of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00655-00178134-00178484 Gulf region the 1980s in Jackson were
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00656-00178485-00178757 dominated by mayor del Danks jr. until
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00657-00178758-00179000 he was unseated by lawyer and legislator
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00658-00179001-00179231 Jay Kane ditto who criticized the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00659-00179232-00179416 deficit funding and the politicized
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00660-00179417-00179620 Police Department of the city
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00661-00179621-00179866 federal investigations of drug
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00662-00179867-00180077 trafficking that Jackson's Hawkins field
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00663-00180078-00180308 airport were a part of the Kerry report
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00664-00180309-00180628 the 1986 US Senate investigation of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00665-00180629-00180833 public corruption and foreign relations
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00666-00180834-00181073 as Jackson has become the medical and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00667-00181074-00181259 legal center of the state it has
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00668-00181260-00181478 attracted Jewish professionals in both
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00669-00181479-00181816 fields since the late 20th century it
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00670-00181817-00181997 has developed the largest Jewish
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00671-00181998-00182324 community in the state in 1997 Harvey
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00672-00182325-00182570 Johnson jr. was elected as Jackson's
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00673-00182571-00182885 first african-american mayor during his
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00674-00182886-00183107 term he proposed the development of a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00675-00183108-00183299 convention center to attract more
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00676-00183300-00183713 business to the city in 2004 during his
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00677-00183714-00183989 second term 66 percent of the voters
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00678-00183990-00184235 passed a referendum for attacks to build
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00679-00184236-00184475 the Convention Center mayor Johnson was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00680-00184476-00184732 replaced by Frank Melton on July 4th
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00681-00184733-00185078 2005 Melton generated controversy
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00682-00185079-00185264 through his unconventional behavior
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00683-00185265-00185495 which included acting as a law
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00684-00185496-00185822 enforcement officer a dramatic spike in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00685-00185823-00186044 crime ensued during his term despite
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00686-00186045-00186353 Melton's efforts to reduce crime the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00687-00186354-00186654 lack of jobs contributed to crime in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00688-00186655-00186868 2006 a young african-american
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00689-00186869-00187160 businessman starsky Darnell red was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00690-00187161-00187385 convicted of money laundering in federal
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00691-00187386-00187553 court along with his mother other
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00692-00187554-00187751 associates and Billy Tucker
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00693-00187752-00188072 the former airport security chief red
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00694-00188073-00188363 had been convicted in 2002 for drug
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00695-00188364-00188543 trafficking eight million dollars worth
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00696-00188544-00189011 of narcotics into Jackson in 2007 Hinds
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00697-00189012-00189224 County Sheriff Malcolm Macmillan was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00698-00189225-00189431 appointed as the new police chief in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00699-00189432-00189703 Jackson setting a historic precedent
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00700-00189704-00189977 McMillan was both the County Sheriff and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00701-00189978-00190277 city police chief until 2009 when he
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00702-00190278-00190489 stepped down due to the disagreements
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00703-00190490-00190733 with the mayor Mayor Frank melt
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00704-00190734-00191050 died in May 2009 and City Councilman
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00705-00191051-00191297 Leslie Wilmore served as acting mayor of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00706-00191298-00191623 Jackson until July 2009 when former
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00707-00191624-00191839 mayor Harvey Johnson was elected and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00708-00191840-00192236 assumed the position On June 26 2011 49
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00709-00192237-00192470 year-old James Craig Anderson was killed
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00710-00192471-00192724 in Jackson after being beaten robbed and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00711-00192725-00192961 run over by a group of white teenagers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00712-00192962-00193264 the district attorney described it as a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00713-00193265-00193607 hate crime and the FBI investigated it
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00714-00193608-00193832 as a civil rights violation on March
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00715-00193833-00194147 18th 2013 a severe hail storm hit the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00716-00194148-00194485 Jackson metro area the hail caused major
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00717-00194486-00194776 damage to roofs vehicles and building
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00718-00194777-00195107 siding hail ranged in size from golf
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00719-00195108-00195328 ball to softball there were more than
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00720-00195329-00195593 40,000 hail storm claims of homeowner
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00721-00195594-00195913 and automobile damage in 2013 Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00722-00195914-00196085 was named as one of the top 10
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00723-00196086-00196312 friendliest cities in the United States
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00724-00196313-00196673 by CN Traveler the capital city was tied
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00725-00196674-00196922 with Natchez as number seven the city
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00726-00196923-00197161 was noticed for friendly people great
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00727-00197162-00197381 food and green and pretty public places
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00728-00197382-00197723 on July 1st 2013 Chokwe Lumumba
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00729-00197724-00197933 was sworn into office as mayor of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00730-00197934-00198202 city after eight months in office
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00731-00198203-00198588 Lumumba died on February 25th 2014
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00732-00198589-00198850 Lumumba was a popular yet controversial
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00733-00198851-00199097 figure due to his prior membership in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00734-00199098-00199319 the Republic of new Africa as well as
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00735-00199320-00199501 being a co-founder of the National
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00736-00199502-00199723 Coalition of backs for reparations in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00737-00199724-00200086 America Lumumba 's son Chokwe antar
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00738-00200087-00200258 Lumumba ran for the mayoral seat
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00739-00200259-00200510 following his father's death but lost to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00740-00200511-00200788 councillor Tony Yarber on April 22nd
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00741-00200789-00201250 2014 in 2017 however Chokwe antar
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00742-00201251-00201504 Lumumba ran for mayor again and won
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00743-00201505-00201845 following his victory On June 26th he
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00744-00201846-00202034 was interviewed by Amy Goodman on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00745-00202035-00202288 Democracy Now at which time he declared
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00746-00202289-00202504 a commitment to make Jackson the most
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00747-00202505-00203235 radical city on the planet
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00748-00203236-00203787 topic geography
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00749-00203788-00204045 Jaxen is located primarily in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00750-00204046-00204266 northeastern Hinds County with small
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00751-00204267-00204529 portions in Madison and Rankin counties
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00752-00204530-00204807 the Pearl River forms most of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00753-00204808-00205094 eastern border of the city a small
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00754-00205096-00205329 portion of the city containing Tougaloo
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00755-00205330-00205605 college lies in Madison County bounded
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00756-00205606-00205862 on the west by interstate 220 and on the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00757-00205863-00206258 east by US Route 51 and interstate 55 an
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00758-00206259-00206462 unconnected section of the city
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00759-00206463-00206644 surrounds Jackson Evers International
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00760-00206646-00207035 Airport in Rankin County in the 2010
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00761-00207036-00207375 census only 622 of the city's residents
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00762-00207376-00207638 lived in Madison County and only one
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00763-00207639-00207869 lived within the city limits in Rankin
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00764-00207871-00208152 County the city is bordered to the north
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00765-00208153-00208428 by Richland in Madison County to the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00766-00208429-00208664 northeast by Ross Barnett reservoir on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00767-00208665-00208886 the Pearl River to the east by Flowood
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00768-00208887-00209094 and Richland in Rankin County to the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00769-00209094-00209360 south by Byram in Hinds County and to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00770-00209361-00209648 the west by Clinton in Hinds County
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00771-00209648-00209919 according to the United States Census
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00772-00209919-00210273 Bureau the city has a total area of 113
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00773-00210273-00210657 point two square miles 290 3.3 square
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00774-00210658-00210981 kilometres of which 111 point Oh square
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00775-00210982-00211058 miles
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00776-00211059-00211389 287 point 6 square kilometers are land
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00777-00211390-00211677 and 2.2 square miles five point seven
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00778-00211678-00211926 square kilometers or one point nine four
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00779-00211927-00212744 percent of the total a water topic major
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00780-00212746-00213623 highways interstate 55 interstate 20
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00781-00213623-00214819 interstate 220 us 51 u.s. 49 u.s. 80
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00782-00214819-00215521 topic geology Jackson sits atop the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00783-00215521-00215898 extinct Jackson volcano located 2,900
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00784-00215900-00216285 feet 880 meters underground it is the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00785-00216286-00216534 only capital city in the United States
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00786-00216535-00216828 to have this feature the Buried peak of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00787-00216829-00217078 the volcano is located directly below
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00788-00217079-00217327 the Mississippi Coliseum the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00789-00217328-00217569 municipality is drained on the west by
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00790-00217571-00217782 tributaries of the Big Black River and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00791-00217783-00218013 on the east by the Pearl River which is
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00792-00218014-00218377 150 feet 46 meters higher than the big
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00793-00218378-00218646 bank near Canton the artesian
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00794-00218648-00218910 groundwater flow is not as extensive in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00795-00218911-00219171 Jackson for this reason the first
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00796-00219173-00219417 large-scale well was drilled in the city
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00797-00219419-00219739 in 1896 and the city water supply has
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00798-00219740-00220471 relied on surface water resources
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00799-00220471-00220971 topic climates
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00800-00220973-00221223 Jaxen is located in the humid
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00801-00221225-00221598 subtropical climate zone köppen cfa rain
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00802-00221600-00221788 occurs throughout the year though the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00803-00221789-00221953 winter and spring are the wettest
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00804-00221954-00222144 seasons and the late summer and early
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00805-00222146-00222400 autumn is usually the driest time of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00806-00222401-00222444 year
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00807-00222446-00222754 snow is rare and accumulation very
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00808-00222755-00223051 seldom lasts more than a day the mean
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00809-00223052-00223410 annual precipitation is about 54 inches
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00810-00223411-00223816 1,400 millimetres C climate table much
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00811-00223817-00224041 of Jackson's rainfall occurs during
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00812-00224042-00224314 thunderstorms thunder is heard on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00813-00224315-00224506 roughly 70 days each year
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00814-00224507-00224806 Jackson lies in a region prone to severe
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00815-00224807-00225021 thunderstorms which can produce large
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00816-00225023-00225406 hail damaging winds and tornadoes among
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00817-00225407-00225631 the most notable tornado events was the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00818-00225632-00225969 f5 Candlestick Park tornado on March 3rd
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00819-00225969-00226269 1966 which destroyed the shopping center
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00820-00226271-00226438 of the same name and surrounding
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00821-00226439-00226692 businesses and residential areas killing
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00822-00226694-00227046 19 in South Jackson the record low
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00823-00227048-00227326 temperature is -5 degrees Fahrenheit
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00824-00227327-00227667 minus 21 degrees Celsius set on January
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00825-00227669-00228088 27 1940 and the record high is 107
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00826-00228089-00228307 degrees Fahrenheit 42 degrees Celsius
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00827-00228308-00229173 last recorded August 30th 2000
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00828-00229175-00229744 topic demographics
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00829-00229744-00230034 Jaxson remained a small town for much of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00830-00230035-00230290 the 19th century before the Civil War
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00831-00230291-00230538 jackson's population remained small
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00832-00230539-00230776 particularly in contrast to the river
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00833-00230777-00230962 towns along the Commerce Laden
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00834-00230963-00231087 Mississippi River
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00835-00231088-00231367 despite the city status as the state
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00836-00231367-00231750 capital the 1850 census counted only
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00837-00231751-00232083 1881 residents and by 1900 the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00838-00232084-00232303 population of Jackson was still less
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00839-00232304-00232617 than 8,000 although it expanded rapidly
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00840-00232619-00232869 during this period Meridian became
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00841-00232871-00233106 Mississippi's largest city based on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00842-00233107-00233353 trade manufacturing and access to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00843-00233354-00233621 transportation via railroad and highway
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00844-00233623-00233979 in the early 20th century as can be seen
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00845-00233980-00234192 by the table Jackson had its largest
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00846-00234194-00234415 rates of growth but ranked second to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00847-00234416-00234766 Meridian in Mississippi by 1944
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00848-00234767-00235021 Jackson's population had risen to some
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00849-00235021-00235284 70,000 inhabitants and it became the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00850-00235285-00235557 largest city in the state it has
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00851-00235558-00235792 maintained its position achieving a peak
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00852-00235792-00236067 population in the 1980 census of more
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00853-00236069-00236442 than 200,000 residents in the city since
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00854-00236444-00236679 then Jackson has steadily seen a decline
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00855-00236680-00236938 in its population while his suburbs have
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00856-00236939-00237219 had a boom this change has occurred in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00857-00237221-00237435 part due to white flight but it also
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00858-00237436-00237598 demonstrates the national
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00859-00237598-00237846 suburbanization trend in which wealthier
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00860-00237848-00238048 residents moved out to newer housing
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00861-00238048-00238356 this decline slowed in the first decade
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00862-00238357-00238738 of the 21st century as of the census of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00863-00238739-00239077 2010 there were 173 thousand five
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00864-00239078-00239242 hundred and fourteen people and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00865-00239242-00239409 sixty-two thousand four hundred
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00866-00239410-00239855 households the population density was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00867-00239856-00240246 1560 2.5 inhabitants per square mile six
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00868-00240248-00240516 hundred and 3.3 per square kilometers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00869-00240517-00241104 there were 70 4537 housing units the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00870-00241105-00241335 racial makeup of the city was seventy
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00871-00241336-00241519 nine point four percent black or
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00872-00241519-00241731 african-american eighteen point four
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00873-00241732-00242028 percent white or euro American 0.1%
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00874-00242029-00242578 Native American 0.4% Asian and 0.9% from
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00875-00242579-00242910 two or more races one point six percent
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00876-00242911-00243131 of the population were Hispanic or
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00877-00243132-00243467 Latino of any race non-hispanic whites
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00878-00243467-00243707 were 18 percent of the population in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00879-00243708-00244096 2010 down from 60% in 1970 there were
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00880-00244098-00244301 two hundred and sixty-seven thousand
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00881-00244302-00244498 eight hundred and forty-one households
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00882-00244500-00244823 out of which 39.4% had children under
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00883-00244823-00245044 the age of 18 living with them thirty
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00884-00245046-00245246 five point four percent were married
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00885-00245246-00245459 couples living together twenty five
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00886-00245460-00245627 point three percent had a female
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00887-00245628-00245894 householder with no husband present five
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00888-00245894-00246050 point eight percent had a male
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00889-00246051-00246257 householder with no wife present and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00890-00246258-00246467 thirty four point four percent were
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00891-00246467-00246646 non-families
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00892-00246646-00246983 28.9% of all households were made up of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00893-00246984-00247283 individuals and 9.0 percent had someone
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00894-00247284-00247571 living alone who was 65 years of age or
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00895-00247571-00247882 older the average household size was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00896-00247883-00248269 2.61 and the average family size was 3.2
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00897-00248271-00248644 for same-sex couple households comprised
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00898-00248644-00248954 0.8% of all households the age of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00899-00248955-00249236 population was spread out with 28.5%
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00900-00249237-00249683 under the age of 18 12.4% from 18 to 24
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00901-00249684-00250088 29 point one percent from 25 to 44 19
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00902-00250089-00250429 point one percent from 45 to 64 and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00903-00250430-00250841 10.9% who was 65 years of age or older
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00904-00250842-00251242 the median age was 31 years for every
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00905-00251244-00251501 100 females there were eighty six point
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00906-00251502-00251873 nine males for every 100 females age 18
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00907-00251873-00252292 and over there were eighty 1.5 males the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00908-00252294-00252500 median income for a household in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00909-00252501-00252704 city was thirty thousand four hundred
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00910-00252705-00252908 and fourteen dollars and the median
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00911-00252909-00253123 income for a family was thirty six
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00912-00253125-00253415 thousand and three dollars males had a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00913-00253416-00253642 median income of twenty nine thousand
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00914-00253644-00253880 one hundred and sixty six dollars versus
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00915-00253881-00254063 twenty three thousand three hundred and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00916-00254064-00254366 twenty eight dollars for females the per
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00917-00254367-00254617 capita income for the city was seventeen
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00918-00254619-00254851 thousand one hundred and sixteen dollars
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00919-00254852-00255121 about nineteen point six percent of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00920-00255123-00255314 families and twenty-three point five
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00921-00255315-00255521 percent of the population were below the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00922-00255521-00255748 poverty line including thirty three
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00923-00255750-00255953 point seven percent of those under age
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00924-00255954-00256535 18 and 15.7% of those age 65 or over
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00925-00256536-00256917 you
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00926-00256919-00257853 topic transportation
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00927-00257854-00258544 topic air travel jackson is served by
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00928-00258546-00258764 Jackson Evers International Airport
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00929-00258765-00259042 located at Allen C Thompson field east
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00930-00259044-00259282 of Jackson and north of Pearl in Rankin
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00931-00259283-00259708 County its IATA code is Jan the airport
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00932-00259709-00259937 has nonstop service to eight cities
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00933-00259938-00260294 Atlanta Chicago Washington DC Dallas
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00934-00260294-00260596 Houston Orlando Denver and Charlotte
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00935-00260598-00260797 throughout the United States and is
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00936-00260798-00260998 served by five scheduled carriers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00937-00260999-00261408 American Delta United Frontier and veer
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00938-00261409-00261709 Jackson became one of the only cities to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00939-00261710-00261938 ever lose Southwest Airlines service
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00940-00261939-00262145 when the carrier ceased service in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00941-00262146-00262699 summer of 2014 on December 22nd 2004 the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00942-00262700-00262978 Jackson City Council voted 6 to 0 to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00943-00262979-00263233 rename Jackson International Airport in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00944-00263234-00263428 honor of slain civil rights leader and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00945-00263429-00263639 field secretary for the Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00946-00263640-00264014 chapter of the NAACP Medgar Evers this
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00947-00264015-00264322 decision took effect on January 22nd
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00948-00264323-00264737 2005 formally Jackson was served by
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00949-00264738-00264973 Hawkins Field Airport located in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00950-00264974-00265289 Northwest Jackson with IATA code HKS
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00951-00265290-00265498 which is now used for private air
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00952-00265499-00265847 traffic only under way is the airport
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00953-00265848-00266138 Parkway project the environmental impact
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00954-00266139-00266393 study is complete and final plans are
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00955-00266394-00266567 drawn and awaiting Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00956-00266568-00266829 Department of Transportation approval
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00957-00266830-00267109 right-of-way acquisition is underway at
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00958-00267110-00267367 an estimated cost of 90 million dollars
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00959-00267368-00267662 the airport Parkway will connect High
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00960-00267663-00267863 Street in downtown Jackson to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00961-00267864-00268231 Mississippi Highway 475 in Flowood at
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00962-00268232-00268544 Jackson Evers International Airport the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00963-00268545-00268774 airport Parkway Commission consists of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00964-00268775-00268999 the mayor of Pole the mayor of fluid and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00965-00269000-00269195 the mayor of Jackson as the airport
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00966-00269196-00269398 Parkway will run through and have access
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00967-00269399-00270091 from each of these three cities
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00968-00270092-00270683 topic ground transportation
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00969-00270684-00271005 you
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00970-00271006-00271581 topic interstate highways
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00971-00271582-00271878 interstate 20 runs east-west from near
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00972-00271879-00272213 El Paso Texas to Florence South Carolina
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00973-00272214-00272454 Jackson is roughly halfway between
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00974-00272455-00272754 Dallas and Atlanta the highway is six
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00975-00272755-00273171 lanes from interstate 222 m/s 468 in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00976-00273172-00273564 Pearl interstate 55 runs north-south
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00977-00273565-00273795 from Chicago through Jackson towards
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00978-00273796-00274002 Brookhaven McComb and the Louisiana
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00979-00274003-00274247 state line to New Orleans
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00980-00274248-00274536 Jackson is roughly halfway between New
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00981-00274537-00274725 Orleans and Memphis Tennessee the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00982-00274726-00274992 highway maintains eight to ten lanes in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00983-00274993-00275214 the northern part of the city six lanes
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00984-00275215-00275439 in the center and four lanes south of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00985-00275440-00275862 i-20 interstate 220 connects interstates
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00986-00275863-00276168 55 and 20 on the north and west sides of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00987-00276169-00276369 the city and is four lanes throughout
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00988-00276370-00276904 its route
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00989-00276905-00277430 topic US highways
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00990-00277431-00277775 US Highway 49 runs north-south from the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00991-00277776-00277988 Arkansas State Line at Lula via
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00992-00277989-00278222 Clarksdale and Yazoo City towards
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00993-00278223-00278573 Hattiesburg and Gulfport it bypasses the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00994-00278574-00279044 city via i-20 and I to 20 US Highway 51
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00995-00279045-00279275 known in Jackson as State Street it
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00996-00279276-00279548 roughly parallels interstate 55 from the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00997-00279549-00279827 i-20 I fifty-five Western split to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00998-00279828-00280217 downtown it multiplexes with I 55 from
OkTc9Lk3cDk-00999-00280218-00280448 pearl Pascagoula Street northward to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01000-00280449-00280652 County Line Road where the two highways
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01001-00280653-00281060 split US Highway 80 roughly parallels
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01002-00281061-00281471 interstate 20 topic state highways
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01003-00281472-00281738 Mississippi Highway 18 runs south west
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01004-00281739-00281906 towards Raymond and Port Gibson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01005-00281907-00282152 southeast towards Bay Springs and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01006-00282153-00282494 Quitman Mississippi Highway 25 some
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01007-00282495-00282701 parts of this road are known as Lakeland
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01008-00282702-00282929 Drive such as Jackson and Flowood which
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01009-00282930-00283157 runs northeast towards Carthage and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01010-00283158-00283689 Starkville
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01011-00283690-00284191 topic other roads
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01012-00284192-00284443 in addition Jackson is served by the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01013-00284444-00284680 Natchez Trace Parkway which runs from
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01014-00284681-00285344 Natchez to Nashville Tennessee
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01015-00285345-00285863 topic bus service
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01016-00285864-00286196 J a tra n Jackson transit system
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01017-00286197-00286450 operates hourly or half hourly during
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01018-00286451-00286678 daytime hours on weekdays and mostly
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01019-00286679-00287015 hourly on Saturdays no evening or Sunday
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01020-00287016-00287617 service provided
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01021-00287618-00288147 topic railroads
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01022-00288148-00288408 Amtrak the National passenger rail
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01023-00288409-00288744 system provides service to Jackson the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01024-00288745-00289041 Amtrak station is located at 300 West
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01025-00289042-00289310 Capitol Street the southbound city of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01026-00289311-00289569 New Orleans provide service from Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01027-00289570-00289773 to New Orleans and some points between
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01028-00289774-00290070 it leaves at 11:20 a.m. and arrives in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01029-00290071-00290382 New Orleans about 3:30 p.m. the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01030-00290383-00290616 northbound city of New Orleans provides
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01031-00290617-00290820 service from Jackson to Memphis
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01032-00290821-00291153 Carbondale Champaign Urbana Chicago and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01033-00291154-00291495 some points between it leaves at 5:40
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01034-00291496-00291710 p.m. arrives in Memphis at 10:00 p.m.
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01035-00291711-00292028 and in Chicago at 9:00 a.m. the new day
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01036-00292029-00292290 efforts to establish service with
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01037-00292291-00292506 another long-distance train the proposed
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01038-00292507-00292713 Crescent star an extension of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01039-00292714-00292875 Crescent westward from Meridian
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01040-00292876-00293190 Mississippi to Dallas failed in 2003
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01041-00293191-00293451 because Congress refused any growth in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01042-00293452-00293676 Amtrak routes this would have
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01043-00293677-00293874 represented the first instance of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01044-00293875-00294048 passenger trains from Meridian
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01045-00294049-00294273 Mississippi to Jackson to Shreveport
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01046-00294274-00294624 Louisiana since the 1967 cancellation of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01047-00294625-00294770 the Illinois Central Railroad
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01048-00294771-00295104 southwestern limited during the two
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01049-00295105-00295341 waves of great migration in the 20th
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01050-00295342-00295587 century thousands of African Americans
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01051-00295588-00295794 used trains to move to northern and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01052-00295795-00296016 Midwestern cities with many travelling
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01053-00296017-00296322 to Chicago from rural Mississippi they
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01054-00296323-00296517 settled in neighborhoods with people
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01055-00296518-00296810 they had known at home the growth of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01056-00296811-00297021 competition from highways and airline
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01057-00297022-00297249 traffic meant widespread restructuring
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01058-00297250-00297462 in the railroad industry since the mid
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01059-00297463-00297795 20th century passenger service was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01060-00297796-00298029 decreased as people increasingly chose
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01061-00298030-00298326 to use cars and planes for freight
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01062-00298327-00298524 traffic Jackson is served by the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01063-00298525-00298827 Canadian National Railway CN and Kansas
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01064-00298828-00299193 City Southern Railway kcs CN has a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01065-00299194-00299445 medium sized yard downtown which Mill
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01066-00299446-00299715 Street parallels and kcs has a large
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01067-00299716-00300417 classification yard in Richland
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01068-00300418-00301167 topic modal characteristics in 2015
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01069-00301168-00301385 eleven percent of city of Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01070-00301386-00301614 households lacked a car which decreased
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01071-00301615-00301982 to seven point six percent in 2016 the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01072-00301983-00302193 national average was eight point seven
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01073-00302194-00302376 percent in 2016
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01074-00302377-00302606 Jackson averaged one point six eight
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01075-00302607-00302927 cars per household in 2016 compared to a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01076-00302928-00303737 national average of one point eight
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01077-00303738-00304376 industry Jackson is home to several
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01078-00304377-00304614 major industries these include
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01079-00304615-00304797 electrical equipment and machinery
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01080-00304798-00305025 processed food and primary and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01081-00305026-00305295 fabricated metal products the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01082-00305296-00305538 surrounding area supports agricultural
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01083-00305539-00305810 development of livestock soybeans cotton
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01084-00305811-00306416 and poultry
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01085-00306417-00307100 topic publicly-traded companies the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01086-00307101-00307301 following companies are headquartered in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01087-00307302-00307771 Jackson Cal main foods Inc Nasdaq comm
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01088-00307772-00308003 east group properties inc
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01089-00308004-00308558 NYC EGP Trustmark corporation Nasdaq TR
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01090-00308559-00308828 MK major private companies based in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01091-00308829-00309493 Jackson include AG on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01092-00309494-00310016 topic crime
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01093-00310017-00310379 in 1993 Jackson had the nation's 12th
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01094-00310380-00310619 highest homicide rate among cities with
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01095-00310620-00310904 more than 100,000 residents according to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01096-00310905-00311287 the FBI the 87 slayings in the city in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01097-00311288-00311654 1993 gave Jackson a homicide rate of 41
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01098-00311655-00311954 point 9 / 100 thousand residents the FBI
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01099-00311955-00312200 reported and set a new record for the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01100-00312201-00312608 most violent deaths in one year 1994 had
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01101-00312609-00312893 higher homicides with 91 and the record
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01102-00312894-00313169 would be broken again in 1995 with a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01103-00313170-00313819 total of 92
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01104-00313820-00314348 topic religion
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01105-00314349-00314609 Jackson is the seat of the Episcopal
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01106-00314610-00314918 Diocese of Mississippi it is the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01107-00314919-00315131 Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01108-00315132-00315482 Diocese of Jackson the original campus
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01109-00315483-00315713 of the Reformed Theological Seminary is
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01110-00315714-00316046 located here this is the site of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01111-00316047-00316244 Mississippi annual conference of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01112-00316245-00316553 United Methodist Church the First
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01113-00316554-00316817 Presbyterian Church in Jackson is one of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01114-00316818-00317048 the largest Presbyterian churches in the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01115-00317049-00317390 South Jackson is the headquarters of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01116-00317391-00317702 Church of Christ holiness USA founded by
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01117-00317703-00318038 Charles price Jones Congregation Beth
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01118-00318039-00318323 Israel the only Jewish congregation in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01119-00318324-00318586 Jackson is the largest in Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01120-00318587-00318833 the Sikh foundation of greater
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01121-00318834-00319528 Mississippi is based in Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01122-00319529-00319855 topic cultural organizations and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01123-00319856-00320620 institutions ballet Mississippi Celtic
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01124-00320621-00320887 heritage Society of Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01125-00320888-00321148 crossroads Film Society and its annual
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01126-00321149-00321508 Film Festival International Museum of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01127-00321509-00321862 Muslim cultures Jackson State University
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01128-00321863-00322381 Botanical Garden Jackson Zoo Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01129-00322382-00322674 agriculture and forestry Museum
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01130-00322675-00323029 Mississippi Arts Center Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01131-00323030-00323466 chorus Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01132-00323467-00323731 Mississippi Department of Archives and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01133-00323732-00323914 history which contains the State
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01134-00323915-00324232 Archives and records Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01135-00324233-00324568 Heritage Trust Mississippi Hispanic
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01136-00324569-00324913 Association Mississippi metropolitan
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01137-00324914-00325302 Ballet Mississippi Museum of Art
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01138-00325303-00325666 Mississippi opera Mississippi Symphony
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01139-00325667-00325937 Orchestra MSO formerly the Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01140-00325938-00326301 Symphony Orchestra founded in 1944
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01141-00326302-00326662 municipal art gallery Museum of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01142-00326663-00327133 Mississippi history my nail gardens new
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01143-00327134-00327273 stage theatre
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01144-00327274-00327760 Russell C davis planetarium Smith
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01145-00327761-00328134 Robertson Museum and cultural center USA
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01146-00328135-00328780 International Ballet Competition
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01147-00328781-00329758 topic government and infrastructure
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01148-00329759-00330348 topic municipal government
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01149-00330349-00330720 in 1985 Jackson voters opted to replace
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01150-00330721-00330861 the three-person mayor Commissioner
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01151-00330862-00331104 system with a city council and mayor
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01152-00331105-00331415 this electoral system enables wider
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01153-00331416-00331653 representation of residents on the City
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01154-00331654-00331971 Council City Council members are elected
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01155-00331972-00332193 from each of the city's seven Ward's
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01156-00332194-00332502 considered single-member districts the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01157-00332503-00332801 mayor is elected at-large citywide
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01158-00332802-00333123 Jackson's mayor is Chokwe antar Lumumba
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01159-00333124-00333590 Dee Dee on July 3rd 2017
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01160-00333591-00333987 Jackson's City Council members are Ward
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01161-00333988-00334371 one Ashby Foote Ward 2 Melvin Priester
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01162-00334372-00334932 jr. Ward three Kenneth Stokes Ward 4 d
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01163-00334933-00335327 Klee four stamps Ward five Charles H
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01164-00335328-00335631 Tillman Ward 6
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01165-00335632-00336404 Aaron banks Ward 7 Fergie Lindsay
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01166-00336405-00336960 topic county government
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01167-00336961-00337245 Jackson is one of two county seats of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01168-00337246-00337464 Hinds County with the city of Raymond
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01169-00337465-00337881 being the other topic state government
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01170-00337882-00338040 the Mississippi Department of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01171-00338041-00338337 Corrections MDOC operates the Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01172-00338338-00338562 probation and parole office in Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01173-00338563-00338819 the MDOC central Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01174-00338820-00339056 Correctional Facility in unincorporated
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01175-00339057-00339390 Rankin County is located in proximity to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01176-00339391-00339957 Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01177-00339958-00340569 topic federal representation
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01178-00340570-00340850 the larger portion of Jackson is part of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01179-00340851-00341016 Mississippi's second congressional
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01180-00341017-00341364 district US Representative Benny Gordon
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01181-00341365-00341627 Thompson a Democrat has served since
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01182-00341628-00342063 1993 until 2011 he was chairman of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01183-00342064-00342288 committee on homeland security and has
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01184-00342289-00342533 been the ranking member since 2011 then
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01185-00342534-00342843 won the United States Postal Service
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01186-00342844-00343092 operates the Jackson main post office
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01187-00343093-00343826 and several smaller post offices
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01188-00343827-00344519 topic infrastructure issues on March
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01189-00344520-00344717 27th 2015
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01190-00344718-00344963 Jackson mayor Tony Yarber issued a state
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01191-00344964-00345245 of emergency for transportation potholes
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01192-00345246-00345503 and water infrastructure breaks in water
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01193-00345504-00345809 mains the quality of Jackson's water
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01194-00345810-00346058 infrastructure system decreased after
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01195-00346059-00346423 the severe winter weather of 2014-2015
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01196-00346424-00346715 Jackson's office estimated the cost to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01197-00346716-00346949 fix the roads and water pipes at seven
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01198-00346950-00347147 hundred and fifty million dollars to 1
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01199-00347148-00347357 billion dollars after issuing the state
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01200-00347358-00347465 of emergency
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01201-00347466-00347672 the city of Jackson filed a letter of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01202-00347673-00347894 intent to Department of Health to borrow
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01203-00347895-00348160 2.5 million dollars to repair broken
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01204-00348161-00348503 water pipes the Jackson City Council
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01205-00348504-00348692 must approve the mayor's proposal
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01206-00348693-00348944 additionally mayor Yarber asked for help
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01207-00348945-00349157 from both FEMA and the state governor's
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01208-00349158-00349378 office calling for a state of emergency
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01209-00349379-00349631 increases the likelihood that the US
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01210-00349632-00349865 Department of Transportation would give
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01211-00349866-00350092 the city money from a quick-release
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01212-00350093-00350720 funding account
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01213-00350721-00351275 topic education
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01214-00351276-00351533 Jackson is home to the most collegiate
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01215-00351534-00351809 institutions in Mississippi Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01216-00351810-00351977 State University is the largest
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01217-00351978-00352259 collegiate institution in Jackson fourth
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01218-00352260-00352463 largest in Mississippi and the only
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01219-00352464-00352721 doctoral granting research institution
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01220-00352722-00353325 based in the region
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01221-00353326-00353975 topic colleges and universities
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01222-00353976-00354423 Antonelli college 1947 Belhaven
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01223-00354424-00354792 University 1883 Hinds Community
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01224-00354793-00355065 College's campuses in Jackson oh the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01225-00355066-00355365 nursing allied health center 1970 and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01226-00355366-00355719 the academic Technical Center Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01227-00355720-00356181 State University 1877 Ville saps College
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01228-00356182-00356706 1890 Mississippi College 1826 in Clinton
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01229-00356707-00357063 MS Mississippi College School of Law
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01230-00357064-00357656 1930 Reformed Theological Seminary 1966
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01231-00357657-00358131 Tougaloo College 1869 University of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01232-00358132-00358464 Mississippi Medical Center 1955 health
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01233-00358465-00358698 sciences campus of the University of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01234-00358699-00359253 Mississippi Virginia College 1983 Wesley
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01235-00359254-00359894 biblical seminary 1974
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01236-00359895-00360542 topic primary and secondary schools
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01237-00360543-00360875 you
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01238-00360876-00361406 topic public schools
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01239-00361407-00361688 Jackson public school district operates
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01240-00361689-00361970 60 public schools it is one of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01241-00361971-00362180 largest school districts in the state
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01242-00362181-00362441 with about 30,000 students in 38
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01243-00362442-00362708 elementary schools 13 middle schools
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01244-00362709-00362930 seven high schools and two special
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01245-00362931-00363254 schools Jackson public schools is the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01246-00363255-00363473 only urban School District in the state
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01247-00363474-00363722 more than 2 percent of public school
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01248-00363723-00363902 students in the district are homeless
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01249-00363903-00364139 according to the Federal Department of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01250-00364140-00364223 Education
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01251-00364224-00364496 this is the highest figure in the nation
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01252-00364497-00364798 the district's high schools include
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01253-00364799-00365144 Callaway high school Career Development
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01254-00365145-00365639 Center Forest Hill High School Jim Hill
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01255-00365640-00366059 High School Lanier high school Marah
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01256-00366060-00366400 High School Provine high school
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01257-00366401-00366734 Wingfield High School
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01258-00366735-00366959 private schools private secondary
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01259-00366960-00367169 schools include Christ missionary and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01260-00367170-00367403 industrial cm and I college high school
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01261-00367404-00367652 Hillcrest Christian school Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01262-00367653-00367886 Academy Woodland Hills Academy closed
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01263-00367887-00368056 some schools are in nearby
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01264-00368057-00368273 municipalities st. Andrew's Episcopal
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01265-00368274-00368549 School the elementary school is in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01266-00368550-00368786 Jackson but the secondary school campus
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01267-00368787-00369008 is in Ridgeland Jackson preparatory
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01268-00369009-00369224 school Flowood the Veritas school
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01269-00369225-00369314 Ridgeland
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01270-00369315-00369548 st. Joseph's Catholic school Madison
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01271-00369549-00369848 Hartfield Academy Flowood Canton Academy
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01272-00369849-00370175 Canton Tri County Academy flora private
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01273-00370176-00370406 primary schools include Jackson Academy
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01274-00370407-00370685 First Presbyterian day school Magnolia
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01275-00370686-00370847 speech school st. Andrew's Episcopal
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01276-00370848-00371144 Louis school South Campus st. Richard
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01277-00371145-00371465 Catholic School Street - raised Catholic
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01278-00371466-00371935 school
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01279-00371936-00372797 topic media
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01280-00372798-00373347 topic newspapers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01281-00373348-00373668 you
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01282-00373669-00374293 topic daily the clarion-ledger
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01283-00374294-00374852 statewide daily newspaper
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01284-00374853-00375326 topic weekly
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01285-00375327-00375629 Jaxson advocate weekly newspaper and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01286-00375630-00375856 oldest newspaper serving the state's
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01287-00375857-00376205 african-american community Jackson Free
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01288-00376206-00376472 Press alternative news weekly featuring
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01289-00376473-00376724 local news investigative reporting and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01290-00376725-00377018 arts and entertainment coverage the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01291-00377019-00377225 Mississippi linked weekly newspaper
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01292-00377226-00377453 serving the state's african-american
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01293-00377454-00377789 community Mississippi Business Journal
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01294-00377790-00378056 weekly newspaper with focus on Business
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01295-00378057-00378365 and Economic Development the Northside
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01296-00378366-00378644 Sun weekly newspaper with focus on the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01297-00378645-00378830 northeastern portion of the Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01298-00378831-00379320 metropolitan area
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01299-00379321-00379962 topic historic the Mississippian Daily
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01300-00379963-00380190 Gazette also often referred to as the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01301-00380191-00380384 Jackson Mississippian because of its
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01302-00380385-00380643 location circulated during the 19th
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01303-00380644-00380892 century a major newspaper during the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01304-00380893-00381228 Civil War the standard circulated during
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01305-00381229-00381533 the 19th century after the Civil War the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01306-00381534-00381741 eastern Clarion moved to Jackson and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01307-00381742-00381951 merged with the standard soon changed
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01308-00381952-00382231 name to the Clarion State Ledger
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01309-00382232-00382497 circulated during the 19th century in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01310-00382498-00382757 1888 the Clarion merged with the State
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01311-00382758-00382965 ledger and became known as the Clarion
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01312-00382966-00383316 Ledger the Jackson Daily News originally
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01313-00383317-00383520 known as the Jackson Evening Post in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01314-00383521-00383787 1882 changed the name to the Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01315-00383788-00384072 Daily News in 1907 purchased along with
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01316-00384073-00384774 the Clarion Ledger by Gannett in 1982
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01317-00384775-00385301 topic publishing
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01318-00385302-00385551 University Press of Mississippi the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01319-00385552-00385758 states only not-for-profit publishing
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01320-00385759-00385944 house and collective publisher for
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01321-00385945-00386166 Mississippi's eight state universities
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01322-00386167-00386463 producing works on local history culture
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01323-00386464-00386972 and society
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01324-00386973-00387493 topic television
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01325-00387494-00388144 channel 3 w lb T NBC channel 6 w JM f LP
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01326-00388145-00388677 radio service as easy 87 7 inches
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01327-00388678-00388825 channel 12
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01328-00388826-00389634 WJ TV CBS channel 16 wapt ABC channel 23
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01329-00389635-00390298 w WJ x independent channel 26 w2 6 BB
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01330-00390299-00390889 3abn channel 29 w MP n PBS Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01331-00390890-00391383 Public Broadcasting channel 34 w RB j TV
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01332-00391384-00391998 t BN channel 35 W L oo my network TV
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01333-00391999-00392740 channel 40 w DB D Fox
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01334-00392741-00393278 topic FM radio
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01335-00393279-00393625 you
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01336-00393626-00394445 topic AM radio 620 WJ DX
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01337-00394446-00395006 Fox Sports Radio 780 W iin simulcast of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01338-00395007-00395849 W us J 810 WS JC family talk radio 930 w
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01339-00395850-00396410 SF said Sporting News Radio 970 wfq y
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01340-00396411-00396911 classic country 1120 WT w ZD bluegrass
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01341-00396912-00397705 gospel 1151 gospel 1180 w JN t news talk
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01342-00397706-00398392 12:40 w pbq News Talk 1300 word gospel
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01343-00398393-00399008 1370 w mg o gospel 1400 w JQ s adult
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01344-00399009-00399963 standards 1590 w zr x CNN Headline News
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01345-00399964-00400892 topic points of interest
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01346-00400893-00401550 topic museums and historic sites
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01347-00401551-00401869 you
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01348-00401870-00402406 topic historic marker
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01349-00402407-00402685 Jackson received its first Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01350-00402686-00402904 Blues trail designation in honor of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01351-00402905-00403289 former subway lounge on Pearl Street a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01352-00403290-00403538 ceremony was held to place a historic
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01353-00403539-00403753 marker at the former site of the Somers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01354-00403754-00403957 hotel where the subway lounge was
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01355-00403958-00404248 located in the basement level when the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01356-00404249-00404578 Somers hotel opened in 1943 long before
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01357-00404579-00404827 desegregation it was one of two hotels
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01358-00404828-00405041 in the city available as lodging to
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01359-00405042-00405437 blacks in the 1960s the hotel added a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01360-00405438-00405791 lounge that featured jazz in the 1980s
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01361-00405792-00406024 when the lounge was revived it catered
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01362-00406025-00406689 to late night blues performers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01363-00406690-00407203 topic parks
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01364-00407204-00407687 Battlefield Park Grove Park left lers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01365-00407688-00407842 Bluff State Park
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01366-00407843-00408206 Parham bridges Park Shepherd Brothers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01367-00408207-00408803 park Smith park Sykes Park presidential
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01368-00408804-00409280 Hills Park
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01369-00409281-00409785 topic Rivers
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01370-00409787-00410301 Pearl River
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01371-00410302-00410941 topic downtown Jackson Renaissance
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01372-00410942-00411232 currently Jackson is experiencing one
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01373-00411233-00411478 point six billion dollars in Downtown
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01374-00411479-00411791 Development the public-private projects
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01375-00411792-00412043 include new construction renovation and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01376-00412043-00412264 adaptation of some existing buildings
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01377-00412266-00412526 including conversions into residential
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01378-00412527-00412712 space and improvements to public
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01379-00412713-00413400 infrastructure and amenities
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01380-00413401-00413968 topic tallest buildings
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01381-00413968-00414341 you
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01382-00414342-00415128 topic honors in 2011 the United States
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01383-00415129-00415464 Navy named the USS Jackson LCS six in
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01384-00415464-00416087 honor of the city
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01385-00416088-00416976 topic sports
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01386-00416977-00417525 topic roller-derby
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01387-00417526-00417843 magnolias roller vixens all-female flat
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01388-00417845-00418189 track roller derby League formed in 2008
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01389-00418189-00418841 dissolved in 2016
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01390-00418842-00419418 topic sports arenas
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01391-00419418-00419671 Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01392-00419672-00419788 concerts
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01393-00419789-00419980 football home of Jackson State
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01394-00419981-00420300 University Mississippi Coliseum
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01395-00420301-00420708 basketball hockey track rodeo concerts
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01396-00420709-00421024 Smith Will's Stadium baseball softball
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01397-00421025-00421345 football soccer concerts home of the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01398-00421346-00421933 belhaven college baseball team
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01399-00421934-00422500 topic sports teams
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01400-00422501-00422897 baseball Mississippi Braves southern
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01401-00422897-00423106 league double-a affiliate of the Atlanta
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01402-00423107-00423314 Braves Trustmark Park in Pearl
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01403-00423314-00423770 Mississippi soccer Mississippi brillar
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01404-00423771-00423991 soccer club which plays in the premier
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01405-00423992-00424450 Developmental League rugby union Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01406-00424451-00424727 Rugby Football Club men's 15's amateur
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01407-00424728-00425189 rugby team football Mississippi Mad Dogs
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01408-00425189-00425822 plays in the Magnolia Football League
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01409-00425822-00426500 topic former professional sports teams
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01410-00426501-00426910 baseball Jackson Mets former Texas
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01411-00426912-00427093 league double-a affiliate of the New
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01412-00427095-00427481 York Mets 1975 to 1990 Smith Will's
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01413-00427482-00427874 Stadium Jackson generals former Texas
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01414-00427875-00428081 league double-a affiliate of the Houston
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01415-00428082-00428581 Astros 1991 to 1999 Smith Will's Stadium
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01416-00428582-00428879 Jackson diamond cats of the independent
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01417-00428880-00429118 Texas Louisiana League later changed its
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01418-00429120-00429383 name to the central baseball league 2000
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01419-00429384-00429734 Smith Will's Stadium Jackson senators
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01420-00429735-00430163 independent 2001 to 2004 Smith Will's
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01421-00430164-00430639 stadium basketball Jackson Wildcats
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01422-00430641-00431012 United States basketball league Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01423-00431013-00431455 rage World Basketball Association 2004
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01424-00431456-00431726 Mississippi hardhats world Basketball
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01425-00431727-00432164 Association 2005 Jackson showboats
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01426-00432164-00432622 American Basketball Association hockey
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01427-00432622-00432931 Jackson bandits east coast hockey league
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01428-00432932-00433541 1999 to 2003 soccer Jackson Kalypso
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01429-00433542-00433892 women's soccer Jackson rockers men's
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01430-00433893-00434322 soccer Jackson charges men's soccer
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01431-00434323-00434572 Mississippi brillar men's soccer
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01432-00434572-00434987 football Mississippi pride regional
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01433-00434988-00435263 football league New Orleans Saints
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01434-00435264-00435488 Jackson's Millsaps College was the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01435-00435489-00435710 former summer home for the NFL's New
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01436-00435710-00436277 Orleans Saints topic film in 2002 the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01437-00436278-00436520 subway lounge of the Somers hotel on the
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01438-00436521-00436742 Gold Coast was featured as the subject
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01439-00436743-00436993 of the film documentary entitled last of
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01440-00436995-00437120 the Mississippi dukes
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01441-00437121-00437474 the popular film the help 2011 based on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01442-00437475-00437645 the best-selling novel by the same name
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01443-00437646-00437810 by Kathryn Stockett
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01444-00437810-00438092 was filmed in Jackson the city has a
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01445-00438093-00438350 two-part self-guided tour of areas
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01446-00438351-00438641 featured in the film and the book get on
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01447-00438642-00438947 up a movie released in August 2014 had
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01448-00438947-00439175 some scenes filmed in Jackson and nearby
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01449-00439176-00439517 Natchez this movie is based on the life
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01450-00439518-00439784 of James Brown the movie Speech and
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01451-00439785-00439891 Debate an ad
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01452-00439892-00440081 tation of the stage play of the same
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01453-00440082-00440293 name of Broadway theater was filmed
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01454-00440294-00440941 entirely in Jackson
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01455-00440942-00441513 topic notable people
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01456-00441514-00441836 see list of people from Mississippi
OkTc9Lk3cDk-01457-00441837-00442212 equals equals notes
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00000-00000215-00000375 awesome screen
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00001-00000376-00000686 awesome camera awesome awesome
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00002-00000687-00000958 awesome battery awesome screen awesome
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00003-00000959-00001158 camera awesome battery
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00004-00001159-00001358 awesome screen awesome camera awesome
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00005-00001359-00001470 battery
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00006-00001471-00001663 awesome screen awesome camera awesome
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00007-00001664-00001775 battery
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00008-00001776-00002205 awesome screen awesome camera awesome
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00009-00002206-00002555 [Music]
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00010-00002556-00002718 batteries
Po3kBKtZ1p4-00011-00002719-00003184 awesome is for everyone
P0XKANlOhwy-00000-00000568-00001057 hello everyone welcome to today's TNT
P0XKANlOhwy-00001-00001058-00001739 today's TNT is I reach my goals a goal
P0XKANlOhwy-00002-00001739-00002101 is like a challenge that you set for
P0XKANlOhwy-00003-00002102-00002527 yourself it is something that you want
P0XKANlOhwy-00004-00002528-00002930 to do in the future you have to work
P0XKANlOhwy-00005-00002931-00003443 hard to get an example is that it is
P0XKANlOhwy-00006-00003444-00003953 your goal to get 100% on your next
P0XKANlOhwy-00007-00003954-00004406 English test your goal could also be to
P0XKANlOhwy-00008-00004407-00004667 be the best soccer player in your school
P0XKANlOhwy-00009-00004668-00005063 a goal can be anything that you choose
P0XKANlOhwy-00010-00005064-00005593 that will make you better when you reach
P0XKANlOhwy-00011-00005594-00006008 something it means that you get it it
P0XKANlOhwy-00012-00006009-00006431 means that you can touch it or that you
P0XKANlOhwy-00013-00006431-00006845 have caught it if you reach your goals
P0XKANlOhwy-00014-00006845-00007169 then it means that you have finished
P0XKANlOhwy-00015-00007170-00007777 your goal because now you have it so I
P0XKANlOhwy-00016-00007778-00008219 reach my goals means that I finish the
P0XKANlOhwy-00017-00008220-00008752 goals I make for myself it means that I
P0XKANlOhwy-00018-00008753-00009241 work very hard to get what I want
P0XKANlOhwy-00019-00009242-00009754 ok now let's practice today is TNT I
P0XKANlOhwy-00020-00009755-00010018 reach my goals
P0XKANlOhwy-00021-00010019-00010642 ready listen and repeat
P0XKANlOhwy-00022-00010643-00011064 these you reach your goals today I'm in
P0XKANlOhwy-00023-00011065-00011725 my caused by study that's good do you
P0XKANlOhwy-00024-00011726-00011829 enjoy
P0XKANlOhwy-00025-00011830-00012349 reaching your goals yes I do we enjoy
P0XKANlOhwy-00026-00012350-00012947 seeing our goals okay now let's practice
P0XKANlOhwy-00027-00012949-00013753 listen and we repeat which goes I reach
P0XKANlOhwy-00028-00013754-00014338 my eyeballs you reach your goals you'll
P0XKANlOhwy-00029-00014338-00014938 reach dry course we reach our goals we
P0XKANlOhwy-00030-00014938-00015313 with our words
P2nlFOgb0OE-00000-00000827-00001725 [Music]
P2nlFOgb0OE-00002-00013552-00013759 you
P4gORdhuPKu-00000-00000000-00000881 foreign
P4gORdhuPKu-00002-00004160-00004756 and we surrounded by the night we live
P4gORdhuPKu-00003-00004757-00006054 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00004-00006055-00007286 we are shadows
P4gORdhuPKu-00005-00007287-00007393 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00006-00007394-00007458 [Applause]
P4gORdhuPKu-00007-00007459-00008893 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00008-00008894-00009706 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00009-00009707-00010109 [Applause]
P4gORdhuPKu-00010-00010110-00010735 thank you
P4gORdhuPKu-00011-00010736-00011255 we are just Shadows
P4gORdhuPKu-00012-00011256-00011796 it's supposed to be that we die
P4gORdhuPKu-00013-00011797-00012233 it doesn't matter
P4gORdhuPKu-00014-00012234-00012686 if there is no light anymore
P4gORdhuPKu-00015-00012687-00013366 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00016-00013368-00014016 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00017-00014018-00014947 and we surrounded by the night we live
P4gORdhuPKu-00018-00014947-00016994 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00019-00016995-00017251 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00020-00017252-00017325 [Applause]
P4gORdhuPKu-00021-00017326-00018761 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00022-00018762-00020411 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00023-00020412-00023130 [Music]
P4gORdhuPKu-00024-00023131-00023295 thank you
P4gORdhuPKu-00025-00023296-00024106 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00000-00001590-00003946 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00001-00003947-00006198 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00002-00006199-00008555 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00003-00008556-00010774 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00004-00010775-00013612 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00005-00013613-00014582 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00007-00022695-00023361 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00008-00023362-00024139 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00009-00024140-00024247 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00010-00024248-00024541 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00011-00024542-00024959 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00012-00024960-00025255 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00013-00025256-00026830 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00014-00026831-00026942 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00015-00026943-00029383 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00016-00029383-00029518 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00017-00029519-00030611 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00018-00030612-00032085 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00021-00043247-00043273 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00023-00047080-00047623 so
P7KLmVmB8zy-00024-00047624-00048909 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00025-00048910-00051221 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00026-00051222-00052269 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00028-00057986-00060301 [Music]
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P7KLmVmB8zy-00030-00062654-00064990 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00031-00064991-00067230 [Music]
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P7KLmVmB8zy-00033-00070069-00071038 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00035-00079151-00079818 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00036-00079819-00080595 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00037-00080596-00080703 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00038-00080704-00080997 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00039-00080998-00081415 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00040-00081416-00081711 [Applause]
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P7KLmVmB8zy-00044-00085840-00085974 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00045-00085975-00087067 [Music]
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P7KLmVmB8zy-00049-00105366-00107677 [Music]
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P7KLmVmB8zy-00051-00109872-00110351 do
P7KLmVmB8zy-00053-00114742-00117057 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00055-00121769-00123985 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00056-00123986-00126824 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00057-00126825-00127794 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00059-00135907-00136573 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00060-00136574-00137351 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00061-00137352-00137459 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00062-00137460-00137753 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00063-00137754-00138171 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00064-00138172-00138467 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00065-00138468-00140042 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00066-00140043-00140154 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00067-00140155-00142595 [Music]
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P7KLmVmB8zy-00069-00142731-00143823 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00070-00143824-00145297 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00073-00156459-00156485 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00075-00160472-00160835 so
P7KLmVmB8zy-00076-00160836-00162121 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00077-00162122-00164433 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00079-00171198-00173615 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00080-00173616-00175866 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00081-00175867-00176790 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00082-00176791-00178202 so
P7KLmVmB8zy-00083-00178203-00179877 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00084-00179878-00180442 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00085-00180443-00183280 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00086-00183281-00184467 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00088-00192363-00193029 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00089-00193030-00193807 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00090-00193808-00193915 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00091-00193916-00194209 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00092-00194210-00194627 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00093-00194628-00194923 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00094-00194924-00196498 [Music]
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P7KLmVmB8zy-00096-00196611-00199051 [Music]
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P7KLmVmB8zy-00098-00199187-00200279 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00099-00200280-00201758 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00100-00201759-00202444 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00102-00208207-00208595 so
P7KLmVmB8zy-00104-00212915-00212941 [Applause]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00106-00218578-00220889 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00108-00227654-00228863 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00109-00228864-00229969 so
P7KLmVmB8zy-00111-00233056-00234680 so
P7KLmVmB8zy-00112-00234681-00234975 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00113-00234976-00235200 so
P7KLmVmB8zy-00114-00235201-00236333 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00115-00236334-00236898 [Music]
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P7KLmVmB8zy-00117-00239737-00240706 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00119-00248819-00249485 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00120-00249486-00250263 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00121-00250264-00250371 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00122-00250371-00250665 [Applause]
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P7KLmVmB8zy-00134-00279352-00279496 do
P7KLmVmB8zy-00136-00284110-00286526 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00138-00291115-00292789 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00139-00292790-00293354 [Music]
P7KLmVmB8zy-00141-00299120-00299328 you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00000-00000330-00000831 um thank you and so he said that I've
P82Qq8CAzaY-00001-00000832-00001145 had a little over 16 years experience as
P82Qq8CAzaY-00002-00001146-00001599 a professional web developer but the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00003-00001600-00001967 story about why open why the open web
P82Qq8CAzaY-00004-00001968-00002174 matters so much to me actually starts
P82Qq8CAzaY-00005-00002175-00002637 much earlier than that back in 1991 does
P82Qq8CAzaY-00006-00002638-00002981 anybody recognize this by the way no
P82Qq8CAzaY-00007-00002982-00003229 nobody all right so this this is
P82Qq8CAzaY-00008-00003231-00003576 gorillas um this is a game that was
P82Qq8CAzaY-00009-00003577-00003908 distributed by Microsoft with ms-dos 5
P82Qq8CAzaY-00010-00003909-00004493 so yes free windows era but this was as
P82Qq8CAzaY-00011-00004494-00004909 I look back a big turning point for me
P82Qq8CAzaY-00012-00004910-00005211 for what I was going to do for the rest
P82Qq8CAzaY-00013-00005212-00005420 of my life even though i had no idea at
P82Qq8CAzaY-00014-00005421-00005790 the time when i first saw this screen I
P82Qq8CAzaY-00015-00005791-00006036 was just excited because it was a lot of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00016-00006037-00006404 fun you typed in a angle and velocity
P82Qq8CAzaY-00017-00006405-00006648 and your gorilla through an exploding
P82Qq8CAzaY-00018-00006648-00006822 banana at the other gorillas and you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00019-00006823-00007059 tried to hit it and you can see that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00020-00007059-00007236 they've missed a lot of times and hit a
P82Qq8CAzaY-00021-00007237-00007479 bunch of the buildings but the reason
P82Qq8CAzaY-00022-00007480-00007704 that this turned out to be so important
P82Qq8CAzaY-00023-00007705-00007970 to me was not because it was a fun game
P82Qq8CAzaY-00024-00007972-00008355 but rather because it was open source
P82Qq8CAzaY-00025-00008356-00008658 and this was my first experience with
P82Qq8CAzaY-00026-00008659-00008895 this and I was only nine years old at
P82Qq8CAzaY-00027-00008896-00009156 the time but the curious nine-year-old
P82Qq8CAzaY-00028-00009157-00009387 in me scrolled down through all this
P82Qq8CAzaY-00029-00009388-00009516 code this is what you would actually
P82Qq8CAzaY-00030-00009517-00009702 you'd have to look at this to start the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00031-00009703-00010017 game it opened like this just to get
P82Qq8CAzaY-00032-00010018-00010197 into the game so I would scroll down and
P82Qq8CAzaY-00033-00010198-00010416 look at it and there was no possible way
P82Qq8CAzaY-00034-00010417-00010737 that nine-year-old me could have written
P82Qq8CAzaY-00035-00010738-00011115 something like this but what i could do
P82Qq8CAzaY-00036-00011116-00011385 is make changes and tweaks and all along
P82Qq8CAzaY-00037-00011386-00011544 the way while I was just having fun
P82Qq8CAzaY-00038-00011545-00011895 because I could play gorillas using like
P82Qq8CAzaY-00039-00011896-00012099 the gravity of the moon and the bananas
P82Qq8CAzaY-00040-00012100-00012312 floated different what I was really
P82Qq8CAzaY-00041-00012313-00012711 learning was how code worked and how
P82Qq8CAzaY-00042-00012712-00012992 computers work and I didn't have to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00043-00012993-00013286 start at the bottom and learn to develop
P82Qq8CAzaY-00044-00013287-00013509 and be able to build something like
P82Qq8CAzaY-00045-00013510-00013761 this from scratch instead I was able to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00046-00013762-00014193 pick up where they left off and build on
P82Qq8CAzaY-00047-00014194-00014640 top of that and quite a while later in
P82Qq8CAzaY-00048-00014641-00014826 my life that turned into something that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00049-00014827-00015204 I have used to provide for my family
P82Qq8CAzaY-00050-00015205-00015626 like that's what I do now but this
P82Qq8CAzaY-00051-00015627-00016013 concept is much bigger than just the web
P82Qq8CAzaY-00052-00016015-00016238 so I want to take a look back a little
P82Qq8CAzaY-00053-00016240-00016437 bit where some of this started and then
P82Qq8CAzaY-00054-00016438-00016578 bring it back around to the web as a
P82Qq8CAzaY-00055-00016579-00016986 matter of fact this guy named Bernard of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00056-00016987-00017304 shark he um he taught this concept to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00057-00017305-00017493 his students he said that we the moderns
P82Qq8CAzaY-00058-00017494-00017742 by the way the moderns at the time this
P82Qq8CAzaY-00059-00017743-00017988 was in the early 1100 but they referred
P82Qq8CAzaY-00060-00017989-00018132 to themselves as the moderns we the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00061-00018133-00018435 moderns it's not there were so much
P82Qq8CAzaY-00062-00018436-00018591 better than the people that came before
P82Qq8CAzaY-00063-00018592-00018870 us were actually like dwarves but were
P82Qq8CAzaY-00064-00018871-00019181 perched on the shoulders of giants and
P82Qq8CAzaY-00065-00019182-00019521 his students what would write about this
P82Qq8CAzaY-00066-00019522-00019755 several of them through the following
P82Qq8CAzaY-00067-00019756-00020157 years and this is 900 plus years ago but
P82Qq8CAzaY-00068-00020158-00020357 this concept turns out to be very
P82Qq8CAzaY-00069-00020358-00020769 important in this age and if many of you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00070-00020770-00021012 have no idea who this is but the concept
P82Qq8CAzaY-00071-00021013-00021219 still sounds really familiar it's
P82Qq8CAzaY-00072-00021220-00021345 probably because there's this like
P82Qq8CAzaY-00073-00021346-00021630 little known scientist guy named Isaac
P82Qq8CAzaY-00074-00021631-00021831 Newton that said the same thing about
P82Qq8CAzaY-00075-00021832-00022062 500 years later if I have seen further
P82Qq8CAzaY-00076-00022063-00022329 it's by standing on the shoulders of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00077-00022330-00022653 giants and this was the guy that as we
P82Qq8CAzaY-00078-00022654-00022929 look back we see him as a giant I mean
P82Qq8CAzaY-00079-00022930-00023169 this guy gave us calculus he gave us
P82Qq8CAzaY-00080-00023170-00023411 Newtonian mechanics which is how we know
P82Qq8CAzaY-00081-00023412-00023781 how planets move and even how a penny is
P82Qq8CAzaY-00082-00023782-00023910 going to fall when you toss it off a
P82Qq8CAzaY-00083-00023911-00024237 building it's allowed us to have jet
P82Qq8CAzaY-00084-00024238-00024531 engines and skyscrapers this is all
P82Qq8CAzaY-00085-00024532-00024921 built on this stuff that Isaac Newton
P82Qq8CAzaY-00086-00024922-00025293 gave us but he said I'm not a giant it's
P82Qq8CAzaY-00087-00025294-00025497 just that I've been able to pick up
P82Qq8CAzaY-00088-00025498-00025875 where other people left off and build on
P82Qq8CAzaY-00089-00025876-00026495 top of that and this concept has allowed
P82Qq8CAzaY-00090-00026497-00026858 us as humanity to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00091-00026860-00027336 make very consistent and rapid progress
P82Qq8CAzaY-00092-00027337-00027558 forward and and it's this kind of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00093-00027558-00028149 openness that's let that happen and so
P82Qq8CAzaY-00094-00028150-00028329 to bring this back around to our digital
P82Qq8CAzaY-00095-00028330-00028707 age a little bit this is the code that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00096-00028708-00029097 that I was able to build on top of but
P82Qq8CAzaY-00097-00029098-00029376 while it was open source which was
P82Qq8CAzaY-00098-00029377-00029772 important to me it wasn't completely
P82Qq8CAzaY-00099-00029773-00029997 open and I want to say that there's more
P82Qq8CAzaY-00100-00029998-00030363 to being open than just being open
P82Qq8CAzaY-00101-00030364-00030537 source as a matter of fact you see that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00102-00030538-00030683 one of the first words up there is
P82Qq8CAzaY-00103-00030685-00030972 copyright right copyright Microsoft so
P82Qq8CAzaY-00104-00030973-00031185 while i was able to learn from this and
P82Qq8CAzaY-00105-00031186-00031368 that's extremely important and extremely
P82Qq8CAzaY-00106-00031369-00031785 valuable there were a lot of limitations
P82Qq8CAzaY-00107-00031786-00032064 around it as well i couldn't legally
P82Qq8CAzaY-00108-00032064-00032310 give this to somebody else that I
P82Qq8CAzaY-00109-00032311-00032549 thought could learn from it I couldn't
P82Qq8CAzaY-00110-00032550-00032877 legally distribute my gorillas on the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00111-00032878-00033090 moon that I had you know modified it to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00112-00033091-00033428 be because it it wasn't actually
P82Qq8CAzaY-00113-00033429-00033731 completely open there's more to being
P82Qq8CAzaY-00114-00033732-00034206 open than just being open source so what
P82Qq8CAzaY-00115-00034207-00034419 is it when I'm talking about the open
P82Qq8CAzaY-00116-00034420-00034734 web and why open matters then what do I
P82Qq8CAzaY-00117-00034735-00034992 mean by open if it's not just open
P82Qq8CAzaY-00118-00034993-00035556 source I do think that there are three
P82Qq8CAzaY-00119-00035557-00035883 basic things when I'm talking about open
P82Qq8CAzaY-00120-00035884-00036243 that I mean if I if I say that something
P82Qq8CAzaY-00121-00036244-00036435 is open I want it to be all three of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00122-00036436-00036618 these things and the first is in fact
P82Qq8CAzaY-00123-00036619-00037095 open source that is important but open
P82Qq8CAzaY-00124-00037096-00037245 source isn't all of it and as a matter
P82Qq8CAzaY-00125-00037246-00037614 of fact Richard Stallman who for those
P82Qq8CAzaY-00126-00037615-00037812 of you who don't know who that is he is
P82Qq8CAzaY-00127-00037813-00038031 the founder of the Free Software
P82Qq8CAzaY-00128-00038032-00038469 Foundation he's the one that wrote this
P82Qq8CAzaY-00129-00038470-00038652 GPL which I'm going to talk about in
P82Qq8CAzaY-00130-00038653-00038829 just a minute the license that WordPress
P82Qq8CAzaY-00131-00038830-00039066 is licensed under but he wrote this
P82Qq8CAzaY-00132-00039067-00039312 really great piece called why open
P82Qq8CAzaY-00133-00039313-00039534 source this is the point of free
P82Qq8CAzaY-00134-00039535-00039912 software it's very long but I encourage
P82Qq8CAzaY-00135-00039913-00040173 anybody who's interested in the future
P82Qq8CAzaY-00136-00040174-00040235 of the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00137-00040236-00040745 open web to go and read that it's again
P82Qq8CAzaY-00138-00040746-00040942 it's why open source and misses the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00139-00040943-00041242 point of free software and he says that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00140-00041243-00041512 open source isn't enough and i agree i
P82Qq8CAzaY-00141-00041513-00041849 think that there's more to it if if i'm
P82Qq8CAzaY-00142-00041850-00042014 going to say that something is open i
P82Qq8CAzaY-00143-00042015-00042230 also want it to be usable for any
P82Qq8CAzaY-00144-00042231-00042698 purpose this is really important on you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00145-00042699-00043070 can use wordpress for anything i would
P82Qq8CAzaY-00146-00043071-00043342 like to see more tools on the web that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00147-00043343-00043667 you can use for any purpose you can use
P82Qq8CAzaY-00148-00043668-00043855 it for something that i don't agree with
P82Qq8CAzaY-00149-00043856-00044060 something that i don't like and that's
P82Qq8CAzaY-00150-00044061-00044489 good i think that that continues to push
P82Qq8CAzaY-00151-00044490-00044864 us forward and the last thing is that i
P82Qq8CAzaY-00152-00044865-00045118 don't if something is open then you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00153-00045119-00045326 can't be trapped in it and this is where
P82Qq8CAzaY-00154-00045327-00045586 when i look at the current landscape of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00155-00045587-00046114 the internet I worry a little bit we
P82Qq8CAzaY-00156-00046115-00046643 have become more and more reliant on the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00157-00046644-00046855 web the web is no longer just something
P82Qq8CAzaY-00158-00046856-00047132 that's fun right it's no longer just a
P82Qq8CAzaY-00159-00047133-00047630 resource it's now a very integral part
P82Qq8CAzaY-00160-00047631-00048236 of our daily lives we we have a lot on
P82Qq8CAzaY-00161-00048237-00048520 it not just our personal stuff where you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00162-00048521-00048848 may have put all your family photos up
P82Qq8CAzaY-00163-00048849-00049055 on facebook and you don't keep on many
P82Qq8CAzaY-00164-00049056-00049355 other places but also our businesses our
P82Qq8CAzaY-00165-00049356-00049682 livelihoods are built on the web they're
P82Qq8CAzaY-00166-00049683-00050011 reliant on the web it's it's something
P82Qq8CAzaY-00167-00050012-00050276 that we had that we have it's like the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00168-00050277-00050493 foundation that we've built on top of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00169-00050494-00050824 but the problem is is we build on top of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00170-00050825-00051170 the closed foundations the things like
P82Qq8CAzaY-00171-00051171-00051592 Facebook and wicks and Shopify and those
P82Qq8CAzaY-00172-00051594-00052039 kinds of things I worry that it's not
P82Qq8CAzaY-00173-00052040-00052472 good for the longevity because we have
P82Qq8CAzaY-00174-00052473-00052916 lost the ability to guarantee that the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00175-00052916-00053181 things that we build are going to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00176-00053182-00053426 continue to do the things that we need
P82Qq8CAzaY-00177-00053427-00053617 them to do and also the the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00178-00053619-00053783 the people that come after us are going
P82Qq8CAzaY-00179-00053784-00054058 to be able to pick up where we left off
P82Qq8CAzaY-00180-00054059-00054353 if we've given that control away to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00181-00054354-00054686 other people to other companies and I
P82Qq8CAzaY-00182-00054687-00054958 want to look back again at Isaac Newton
P82Qq8CAzaY-00183-00054959-00055271 he gave us all these fantastic tools and
P82Qq8CAzaY-00184-00055272-00055457 like I said it's allowed us to do things
P82Qq8CAzaY-00185-00055458-00055664 like build the shot the skyscrapers that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00186-00055665-00055952 you see around and safely go up to the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00187-00055953-00056150 you know 30th floor and not worry that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00188-00056151-00056414 the building's about to tumble but
P82Qq8CAzaY-00189-00056415-00056912 imagine if Isaac Newton had said you are
P82Qq8CAzaY-00190-00056913-00057217 welcome to use my mathematics and my all
P82Qq8CAzaY-00191-00057219-00057344 this stuff that I've laid out in my
P82Qq8CAzaY-00192-00057345-00057635 prince Appiah all these forces that I've
P82Qq8CAzaY-00193-00057636-00057929 calculated to build these things but you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00194-00057929-00058141 got to build it on my foundations I've
P82Qq8CAzaY-00195-00058142-00058412 started a foundation company and you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00196-00058413-00058604 have to build on my foundations just
P82Qq8CAzaY-00197-00058604-00058934 sign right here and use one of my
P82Qq8CAzaY-00198-00058935-00059159 foundations but you know Oh what are you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00199-00059160-00059447 signing oh well it just says that the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00200-00059448-00059771 foundation is mine and the stuff on top
P82Qq8CAzaY-00201-00059772-00060008 of it you know you're going to build on
P82Qq8CAzaY-00202-00060009-00060344 top of it we look at that and we say
P82Qq8CAzaY-00203-00060345-00060635 well why would we want to do that what
P82Qq8CAzaY-00204-00060636-00060955 if in the future he said I don't like
P82Qq8CAzaY-00205-00060957-00061196 glass buildings it blinded me the other
P82Qq8CAzaY-00206-00061197-00061361 day so I'm no longer going to allow
P82Qq8CAzaY-00207-00061362-00061792 glass buildings on my foundations but
P82Qq8CAzaY-00208-00061794-00062003 you had invested a lot of time and
P82Qq8CAzaY-00209-00062004-00062294 effort and money into building some
P82Qq8CAzaY-00210-00062295-00062549 glass hotel and that's how you had made
P82Qq8CAzaY-00211-00062550-00063008 your living and now you can't and when
P82Qq8CAzaY-00212-00063009-00063173 we look at that in the physical world
P82Qq8CAzaY-00213-00063174-00063505 it's very obvious that there's a serious
P82Qq8CAzaY-00214-00063507-00063841 problem in building your livelihood on
P82Qq8CAzaY-00215-00063842-00064046 top of something that somebody else has
P82Qq8CAzaY-00216-00064047-00064391 total control over and now as we do that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00217-00064391-00064748 in the digital realm we tend to try to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00218-00064749-00065044 turn a blind eye to it because they have
P82Qq8CAzaY-00219-00065045-00065489 useful tools because they have you know
P82Qq8CAzaY-00220-00065490-00065762 some some great things and and it makes
P82Qq8CAzaY-00221-00065763-00066248 it easier for us but is that is worth
P82Qq8CAzaY-00222-00066249-00066716 the trade-off and I don't think it is I
P82Qq8CAzaY-00223-00066717-00067007 think that it endangers our a bill
P82Qq8CAzaY-00224-00067008-00067403 you need to really rely on this thing
P82Qq8CAzaY-00225-00067404-00067715 that we we all do rely on but we sort of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00226-00067716-00067925 are turning a blind eye to the parts of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00227-00067926-00068417 it that endanger its reliability and so
P82Qq8CAzaY-00228-00068418-00068654 that brings me back around to WordPress
P82Qq8CAzaY-00229-00068655-00068777 I said that I was going to talk about
P82Qq8CAzaY-00230-00068778-00069131 the GPL for just a little bit licenses
P82Qq8CAzaY-00231-00069132-00069587 can be super boring and I get that but I
P82Qq8CAzaY-00232-00069588-00069946 actually think that it's so important
P82Qq8CAzaY-00233-00069947-00070226 the license the WordPress is licensed
P82Qq8CAzaY-00234-00070227-00070370 under and there are other things that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00235-00070371-00070559 are licensed under this st. these same
P82Qq8CAzaY-00236-00070560-00070769 kinds of licenses and I think that these
P82Qq8CAzaY-00237-00070770-00071054 all of them not just WordPress but
P82Qq8CAzaY-00238-00071055-00071246 WordPress is part of it are extremely
P82Qq8CAzaY-00239-00071247-00071441 healthy for the web for this thing that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00240-00071442-00071720 we've come to completely rely on you can
P82Qq8CAzaY-00241-00071721-00071975 tell that this license which gives you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00242-00071976-00072284 four basic freedoms was written by
P82Qq8CAzaY-00243-00072285-00072461 somebody who's very techie programmer
P82Qq8CAzaY-00244-00072462-00072602 kind of guy because it starts with
P82Qq8CAzaY-00245-00072603-00072854 number zero which seems a little silly
P82Qq8CAzaY-00246-00072855-00073256 but the number zero freedom is the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00247-00073257-00073469 freedom to run the program for any
P82Qq8CAzaY-00248-00073470-00073823 purpose and I think that is we all see
P82Qq8CAzaY-00249-00073824-00074192 our culture around us changing and we
P82Qq8CAzaY-00250-00074193-00074528 all realize that people need a voice
P82Qq8CAzaY-00251-00074529-00074735 even those people that I don't
P82Qq8CAzaY-00252-00074736-00075044 necessarily agree with they need a voice
P82Qq8CAzaY-00253-00075045-00075200 and they need to be able to use these
P82Qq8CAzaY-00254-00075201-00075554 kinds of tools for their purposes for
P82Qq8CAzaY-00255-00075555-00075761 their passions for the things that they
P82Qq8CAzaY-00256-00075762-00076058 care about even if it's not something
P82Qq8CAzaY-00257-00076059-00076241 that I'm passionate about it that I care
P82Qq8CAzaY-00258-00076242-00076502 about and yes there's some of my code in
P82Qq8CAzaY-00259-00076503-00076874 WordPress but you can use it for things
P82Qq8CAzaY-00260-00076875-00077057 that I don't like and I think that's
P82Qq8CAzaY-00261-00077058-00077363 good I think that's healthy and I think
P82Qq8CAzaY-00262-00077364-00077654 that that's important the number one
P82Qq8CAzaY-00263-00077655-00077870 freedom is your is the basically the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00264-00077871-00078011 part about being open source your
P82Qq8CAzaY-00265-00078012-00078266 freedom to look and see how it works and
P82Qq8CAzaY-00266-00078267-00078596 that doesn't matter if you don't
P82Qq8CAzaY-00267-00078597-00078851 understand the code you could maybe
P82Qq8CAzaY-00268-00078852-00079037 learn it if you don't want to learn it
P82Qq8CAzaY-00269-00079038-00079223 you could ask somebody that knows how to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00270-00079224-00079448 understand it to look in it but the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00271-00079449-00079766 point is there's no black box there's no
P82Qq8CAzaY-00272-00079767-00080171 part of WordPress that is some secret
P82Qq8CAzaY-00273-00080172-00080378 magic that you can't know about because
P82Qq8CAzaY-00274-00080379-00080684 those kinds of things are dangerous how
P82Qq8CAzaY-00275-00080685-00080948 do you rely on those if you can't
P82Qq8CAzaY-00276-00080949-00081521 guarantee that it does what you want or
P82Qq8CAzaY-00277-00081522-00081770 need it to do and so that's the part
P82Qq8CAzaY-00278-00081771-00081944 about being open source the number to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00279-00081945-00082160 freedom is the freedom to redistribute
P82Qq8CAzaY-00280-00082161-00082457 it you can give it away to anybody and
P82Qq8CAzaY-00281-00082458-00082862 that's important because everybody like
P82Qq8CAzaY-00282-00082863-00083014 I said just a minute ago needs a voice
P82Qq8CAzaY-00283-00083015-00083219 everybody needs to be able to have that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00284-00083220-00083495 not just a select few not just the group
P82Qq8CAzaY-00285-00083496-00083933 that did a few people like or that are
P82Qq8CAzaY-00286-00083934-00084152 friends with certain people everyone you
P82Qq8CAzaY-00287-00084153-00084428 can give it to anyone and you can modify
P82Qq8CAzaY-00288-00084429-00084749 it and you can change it and still give
P82Qq8CAzaY-00289-00084750-00085127 away your modified versions that is the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00290-00085128-00085442 last freedom that you have and the the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00291-00085443-00085709 best thing about this license in these
P82Qq8CAzaY-00292-00085710-00086024 freedoms is not just that they exist but
P82Qq8CAzaY-00293-00086025-00086255 that no one can take them away like this
P82Qq8CAzaY-00294-00086256-00086438 the way that the license is written it's
P82Qq8CAzaY-00295-00086439-00086720 such that if I want to change it I can't
P82Qq8CAzaY-00296-00086721-00087032 if automatic or Matt wants to change it
P82Qq8CAzaY-00297-00087033-00087329 they can't no one can WordPress is
P82Qq8CAzaY-00298-00087330-00087707 licensed in this way and it is these
P82Qq8CAzaY-00299-00087708-00088013 freedoms are built in and will always be
P82Qq8CAzaY-00300-00088014-00088532 built in and that's healthy and so
P82Qq8CAzaY-00301-00088533-00088733 that's that's everything that I have
P82Qq8CAzaY-00302-00088734-00088961 about that I don't know do I have time
P82Qq8CAzaY-00303-00088962-00089117 for questions I know we were running a
P82Qq8CAzaY-00304-00089118-00089318 little behind originally but I tried to
P82Qq8CAzaY-00305-00089319-00089648 go fast I I can take a couple questions
P82Qq8CAzaY-00306-00089649-00089873 awesome so this is me I'm Aaron Campbell
P82Qq8CAzaY-00307-00089874-00090164 I work for godaddy now as a full-time
P82Qq8CAzaY-00308-00090165-00090353 WordPress core contributor I love
P82Qq8CAzaY-00309-00090354-00090518 getting the chance to continue to push
P82Qq8CAzaY-00310-00090519-00090761 forward some of this open software and
P82Qq8CAzaY-00311-00090762-00091069 I'd love to take a couple questions
P82Qq8CAzaY-00312-00091070-00091349 anybody the first question is always the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00313-00091350-00091958 hardest Oh in the back yes MIT or GPL so
P82Qq8CAzaY-00314-00091959-00092225 yeah when I said that licenses aren't
P82Qq8CAzaY-00315-00092226-00092498 you know aren't entertaining i guess
P82Qq8CAzaY-00316-00092499-00092750 that's definitely one of those kinds of
P82Qq8CAzaY-00317-00092751-00093047 questions um so I actually I really like
P82Qq8CAzaY-00318-00093048-00093362 the GPL I I know that it's greedy but I
P82Qq8CAzaY-00319-00093363-00093559 actually think that that can be healthy
P82Qq8CAzaY-00320-00093560-00093770 but honestly I
P82Qq8CAzaY-00321-00093771-00094016 of the mind that any of these really
P82Qq8CAzaY-00322-00094017-00094415 open licenses like both of those are
P82Qq8CAzaY-00323-00094416-00094625 fantastic both of those are very healthy
P82Qq8CAzaY-00324-00094626-00094832 going forward and I'd much rather have
P82Qq8CAzaY-00325-00094833-00095149 the GPL and the MIT work together
P82Qq8CAzaY-00326-00095150-00095426 against the closed then have them
P82Qq8CAzaY-00327-00095427-00098418 fighting over which is better yes
P82Qq8CAzaY-00328-00098419-00098682 so one of the big differences is because
P82Qq8CAzaY-00329-00098683-00098974 that also includes the so I guess the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00330-00098975-00099132 question in case the because this is
P82Qq8CAzaY-00331-00099133-00099553 being recorded was the question of does
P82Qq8CAzaY-00332-00099554-00100029 letting people modify and distribute
P82Qq8CAzaY-00333-00100030-00100309 endanger the part of open where I was
P82Qq8CAzaY-00334-00100310-00100504 talking about not being trapped couldn't
P82Qq8CAzaY-00335-00100505-00100692 somebody modify it in such a way that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00336-00100693-00101113 ultimately gets people locked in and I
P82Qq8CAzaY-00337-00101114-00101299 think that the advantage there is that
P82Qq8CAzaY-00338-00101300-00101587 it's open source and it's required to be
P82Qq8CAzaY-00339-00101588-00101968 distributed as open source which means
P82Qq8CAzaY-00340-00101969-00102160 that while you may not be able to move
P82Qq8CAzaY-00341-00102161-00102441 ahead with some sort of breaking change
P82Qq8CAzaY-00342-00102442-00102783 that that person has made you still have
P82Qq8CAzaY-00343-00102784-00103072 what you built on in a way that's not
P82Qq8CAzaY-00344-00103073-00103366 only usable but also still modifiable
P82Qq8CAzaY-00345-00103367-00103584 you could hire somebody to make the
P82Qq8CAzaY-00346-00103585-00103830 changes that you need without ever
P82Qq8CAzaY-00347-00103831-00104181 having to be completely stuck being able
P82Qq8CAzaY-00348-00104182-00104367 to tell how everything works also makes
P82Qq8CAzaY-00349-00104368-00104550 your data very portable you could always
P82Qq8CAzaY-00350-00104551-00104908 take that out and move on somewhere else
P82Qq8CAzaY-00351-00104908-00105223 so I think that that only works if
P82Qq8CAzaY-00352-00105224-00105481 you're required to distribute along with
P82Qq8CAzaY-00353-00105482-00105703 the source code which is an absolute
P82Qq8CAzaY-00354-00105704-00106174 requirement I think we're pretty much
P82Qq8CAzaY-00355-00106175-00106378 out of time so I will be around through
P82Qq8CAzaY-00356-00106379-00106633 lunch and the rest of the day if anybody
P82Qq8CAzaY-00357-00106633-00106798 wants to talk about this kind of stuff I
P82Qq8CAzaY-00358-00106799-00107053 love it
P8VWNNzCDvU-00000-00000000-00000543 [Music]
P8VWNNzCDvU-00001-00000544-00000807 hello and welcome to this presentation
P8VWNNzCDvU-00002-00000808-00001031 on va power technology for age
P8VWNNzCDvU-00003-00001032-00001439 bridges i am luigi guarazzi and i
P8VWNNzCDvU-00004-00001440-00001710 started working at st in 2000
P8VWNNzCDvU-00005-00001711-00001895 i'm currently technical marketing
P8VWNNzCDvU-00006-00001896-00002126 manager in emea region for va power
P8VWNNzCDvU-00007-00002127-00002447 smartphones for automotive applications
P8VWNNzCDvU-00008-00002448-00002687 during my long experience at st i've
P8VWNNzCDvU-00009-00002688-00002966 helped our product portfolio evolve
P8VWNNzCDvU-00010-00002967-00003183 which while still performing same
P8VWNNzCDvU-00011-00003184-00003270 function
P8VWNNzCDvU-00012-00003271-00003470 and maintaining an unsurpassed
P8VWNNzCDvU-00013-00003471-00003583 robustness
P8VWNNzCDvU-00014-00003584-00003886 have reduced their pcb footprints of 5
P8VWNNzCDvU-00015-00003887-00003959 times
P8VWNNzCDvU-00016-00003960-00004286 less the technology evolution of
P8VWNNzCDvU-00017-00004287-00004479 smartphones was triggered mainly by the
P8VWNNzCDvU-00018-00004480-00004647 automotive market
P8VWNNzCDvU-00019-00004648-00004822 which is undergoing an increasing
P8VWNNzCDvU-00020-00004823-00005070 electrification of vehicle functions
P8VWNNzCDvU-00021-00005071-00005311 sustained by demanding requirements in
P8VWNNzCDvU-00022-00005312-00005431 terms of safety
P8VWNNzCDvU-00023-00005432-00005727 and power optimization as well as luxury
P8VWNNzCDvU-00024-00005728-00006095 and comfort features
P8VWNNzCDvU-00025-00006096-00006295 the number of different functions in the
P8VWNNzCDvU-00026-00006296-00006542 vehicle which require motorization
P8VWNNzCDvU-00027-00006543-00006783 often by brushed dc motors are
P8VWNNzCDvU-00028-00006784-00006975 constantly growing
P8VWNNzCDvU-00029-00006976-00007183 in addition to traditional applications
P8VWNNzCDvU-00030-00007184-00007319 such as doors
P8VWNNzCDvU-00031-00007320-00007663 electric mirrors seats and windows
P8VWNNzCDvU-00032-00007664-00007903 there is an increasing number of new and
P8VWNNzCDvU-00033-00007904-00008063 appealing applications
P8VWNNzCDvU-00034-00008064-00008383 such power trunk lift electric
P8VWNNzCDvU-00035-00008384-00008695 sliding doors electric vehicle lock
P8VWNNzCDvU-00036-00008696-00008783 charger
P8VWNNzCDvU-00037-00008784-00009119 and folding cameras
P8VWNNzCDvU-00038-00009120-00009431 but what is a smart h bridge
P8VWNNzCDvU-00039-00009432-00009687 a va power each bridge represents a
P8VWNNzCDvU-00040-00009688-00009806 fully integrated
P8VWNNzCDvU-00041-00009807-00010110 solution that is not only to simply
P8VWNNzCDvU-00042-00010111-00010183 power
P8VWNNzCDvU-00043-00010184-00010503 but also to control and protect any
P8VWNNzCDvU-00044-00010504-00010719 bi-directional loads
P8VWNNzCDvU-00045-00010720-00010983 in particular they are ideal for brush
P8VWNNzCDvU-00046-00010984-00011206 dc motors in the harsh automotive
P8VWNNzCDvU-00047-00011207-00011367 environment
P8VWNNzCDvU-00048-00011368-00011670 so the differentiating factor is smart
P8VWNNzCDvU-00049-00011671-00012223 driving the m07h bridges family belongs
P8VWNNzCDvU-00050-00012224-00012414 to the latest state-of-the-art
P8VWNNzCDvU-00051-00012415-00012751 generation of va power h bridges
P8VWNNzCDvU-00052-00012752-00013038 and it is designed around four main
P8VWNNzCDvU-00053-00013039-00013175 pillars
P8VWNNzCDvU-00054-00013176-00013503 augmented reliability smart
P8VWNNzCDvU-00055-00013504-00013871 and soft motion miniaturization
P8VWNNzCDvU-00056-00013872-00014135 augmented safety by embedded protection
P8VWNNzCDvU-00057-00014136-00014375 and diagnostic
P8VWNNzCDvU-00058-00014376-00014575 let's see the first pillar augmented
P8VWNNzCDvU-00059-00014576-00014743 reliability
P8VWNNzCDvU-00060-00014744-00015047 the va power m07h bridges are
P8VWNNzCDvU-00061-00015047-00015227 increasingly used to replace
P8VWNNzCDvU-00062-00015228-00015407 electromechanical relays
P8VWNNzCDvU-00063-00015408-00015686 for controlling dc motors the main
P8VWNNzCDvU-00064-00015687-00015927 advantages of relay replacement
P8VWNNzCDvU-00065-00015928-00016366 are 10 times longer operating life
P8VWNNzCDvU-00066-00016368-00016686 weight and space savings reduced
P8VWNNzCDvU-00067-00016687-00016958 number of external components required
P8VWNNzCDvU-00068-00016959-00017063 for diagnostic
P8VWNNzCDvU-00069-00017064-00017479 and protection second pillar
P8VWNNzCDvU-00070-00017480-00017903 smart and soft motion enabled by pwm
P8VWNNzCDvU-00071-00017904-00018222 pulse width modulation at 20 kilohertz
P8VWNNzCDvU-00072-00018223-00018519 is benchmark on the dc motor control
P8VWNNzCDvU-00073-00018520-00018703 arena today
P8VWNNzCDvU-00074-00018704-00019119 it offers several benefits a precise
P8VWNNzCDvU-00075-00019120-00019430 and smooth control of motor speed
P8VWNNzCDvU-00076-00019431-00019814 that ensures a high quality feeling for
P8VWNNzCDvU-00077-00019815-00019967 example a noiseless
P8VWNNzCDvU-00078-00019968-00020247 smooth activation of a trunk lift or a
P8VWNNzCDvU-00079-00020248-00020471 side mirror
P8VWNNzCDvU-00080-00020472-00020814 control of motor torque makes it easier
P8VWNNzCDvU-00081-00020815-00020847 to
P8VWNNzCDvU-00082-00020848-00021143 implement sophisticated functions such
P8VWNNzCDvU-00083-00021144-00021175 as
P8VWNNzCDvU-00084-00021176-00021430 pinch reaction on the final risk of a
P8VWNNzCDvU-00085-00021431-00021607 window lift
P8VWNNzCDvU-00086-00021608-00021911 a reduction of transmitted power so that
P8VWNNzCDvU-00087-00021912-00022463 cabling in the vehicle is not oversized
P8VWNNzCDvU-00088-00022464-00022814 third pillar is miniaturization the me
P8VWNNzCDvU-00089-00022815-00023158 the m07h bridges are housed in the tiny
P8VWNNzCDvU-00090-00023159-00023271 so 16
P8VWNNzCDvU-00091-00023272-00023703 and power sus 36 packages
P8VWNNzCDvU-00092-00023704-00023942 the advantages in adopting this small
P8VWNNzCDvU-00093-00023943-00024014 packages
P8VWNNzCDvU-00094-00024015-00024335 include the smallest full prints
P8VWNNzCDvU-00095-00024336-00024735 on the market for so16 narrow
P8VWNNzCDvU-00096-00024736-00024942 the best thermal performance on the
P8VWNNzCDvU-00097-00024943-00025150 market for power ssu
P8VWNNzCDvU-00098-00025151-00025535 36 triple pad packages
P8VWNNzCDvU-00099-00025536-00025799 a full integration of power moss and
P8VWNNzCDvU-00100-00025800-00026031 relevant driving circuitry in addition
P8VWNNzCDvU-00101-00026032-00026239 to analog current sense
P8VWNNzCDvU-00102-00026239-00026574 and thermal protection everything in one
P8VWNNzCDvU-00103-00026575-00026951 single package
P8VWNNzCDvU-00104-00026952-00027239 fourth pillar augmented safety by
P8VWNNzCDvU-00105-00027239-00027318 protection
P8VWNNzCDvU-00106-00027319-00027658 and diagnostics va power
P8VWNNzCDvU-00107-00027660-00028039 m07h bridges feature full silicon
P8VWNNzCDvU-00108-00028039-00028102 embedded
P8VWNNzCDvU-00109-00028104-00028479 thermal protections and diagnostic
P8VWNNzCDvU-00110-00028480-00028727 there is a fast cut off and warning
P8VWNNzCDvU-00111-00028727-00028990 diagnostic flag on every kind of short
P8VWNNzCDvU-00112-00028991-00029143 circuit
P8VWNNzCDvU-00113-00029144-00029439 here we can see an example on a motor
P8VWNNzCDvU-00114-00029439-00029518 driven by
P8VWNNzCDvU-00115-00029519-00029879 our h bridge located remotely
P8VWNNzCDvU-00116-00029880-00030183 in the ecu and
P8VWNNzCDvU-00117-00030183-00030470 suddenly a short sequence appears and
P8VWNNzCDvU-00118-00030472-00030743 the vnh 7040 wants
P8VWNNzCDvU-00119-00030744-00031062 the microcontroller of a diagnostic flag
P8VWNNzCDvU-00120-00031063-00031343 the microcontroller wants immediately
P8VWNNzCDvU-00121-00031344-00031414 the car
P8VWNNzCDvU-00122-00031416-00031758 dashboard and the driver
P8VWNNzCDvU-00123-00031760-00032062 is aware that he has to go to the next
P8VWNNzCDvU-00124-00032063-00032327 service station
P8VWNNzCDvU-00125-00032327-00032495 other important features of the
P8VWNNzCDvU-00126-00032495-00032711 augmented safety pillar
P8VWNNzCDvU-00127-00032712-00033015 include high precision motor current
P8VWNNzCDvU-00128-00033016-00033367 readings non-dissipative current sensing
P8VWNNzCDvU-00129-00033368-00033543 which means that an external
P8VWNNzCDvU-00130-00033544-00033918 shunt is no longer necessary
P8VWNNzCDvU-00131-00033919-00034190 thermal protection acting on each moss
P8VWNNzCDvU-00132-00034191-00034415 of the age bridge
P8VWNNzCDvU-00133-00034416-00034646 detection of missing loads during motor
P8VWNNzCDvU-00134-00034647-00034718 operation
P8VWNNzCDvU-00135-00034719-00035607 as well as during idle states
P8VWNNzCDvU-00136-00035608-00035927 sds va power m07h bridges
P8VWNNzCDvU-00137-00035928-00036302 are the ideal set of devices for driving
P8VWNNzCDvU-00138-00036303-00036583 and protecting brushed dc motors used by
P8VWNNzCDvU-00139-00036584-00036759 the previously mentioned loots
P8VWNNzCDvU-00140-00036760-00037159 and applications the family has a unique
P8VWNNzCDvU-00141-00037160-00037367 set of features that beats the
P8VWNNzCDvU-00142-00037368-00037535 competition by combining
P8VWNNzCDvU-00143-00037536-00037879 tiny powers so 36 triple pad
P8VWNNzCDvU-00144-00037880-00038190 and so16 narrow power packages with a
P8VWNNzCDvU-00145-00038191-00038327 wide selection
P8VWNNzCDvU-00146-00038328-00038655 of moss channel resistance allowing
P8VWNNzCDvU-00147-00038656-00038774 automotive design
P8VWNNzCDvU-00148-00038775-00038974 engineers to find the best-in-class
P8VWNNzCDvU-00149-00038975-00039199 solution that covers a wide range of
P8VWNNzCDvU-00150-00039200-00039271 loads
P8VWNNzCDvU-00151-00039272-00039743 from just a few watts up to 200 watts
P8VWNNzCDvU-00152-00039744-00039974 the bridges offer several competitive
P8VWNNzCDvU-00153-00039975-00040111 advantages
P8VWNNzCDvU-00154-00040112-00040446 a broad range of on resistances from
P8VWNNzCDvU-00155-00040447-00040902 8 up to 100 million per branch
P8VWNNzCDvU-00156-00040903-00041246 simple to drive and with diagnostic
P8VWNNzCDvU-00157-00041247-00041558 only a single pin is required to monitor
P8VWNNzCDvU-00158-00041559-00041774 the motor's current
P8VWNNzCDvU-00159-00041775-00042071 the device case temperature the battery
P8VWNNzCDvU-00160-00042072-00042151 voltage
P8VWNNzCDvU-00161-00042152-00042558 and the fault flags the possibility for
P8VWNNzCDvU-00162-00042559-00042895 usage in full age bridge half age bridge
P8VWNNzCDvU-00163-00042896-00043143 and cascaded topologies
P8VWNNzCDvU-00164-00043144-00043702 diagnostic in on and off state
P8VWNNzCDvU-00165-00043703-00043999 a full and easy to use set of developer
P8VWNNzCDvU-00166-00044000-00044079 resources
P8VWNNzCDvU-00167-00044080-00044423 are available to engineers who can take
P8VWNNzCDvU-00168-00044424-00044671 advantage of many development resources
P8VWNNzCDvU-00169-00044672-00044902 and tools to become more familiar
P8VWNNzCDvU-00170-00044903-00045311 with va power m07h bridges
P8VWNNzCDvU-00171-00045312-00045551 twister sim is an electro thermal
P8VWNNzCDvU-00172-00045552-00045790 simulator for va power products
P8VWNNzCDvU-00173-00045791-00046143 and is available for free of charge
P8VWNNzCDvU-00174-00046144-00046518 there is a wide variety of evaluation
P8VWNNzCDvU-00175-00046519-00046783 boards that makes it easy for you to
P8VWNNzCDvU-00176-00046784-00046886 test
P8VWNNzCDvU-00177-00046887-00047199 your design by just connecting the load
P8VWNNzCDvU-00178-00047200-00047455 power supply and microcontroller without
P8VWNNzCDvU-00179-00047456-00047646 any additional effort
P8VWNNzCDvU-00180-00047647-00048046 required for external component design
P8VWNNzCDvU-00181-00048047-00048311 a sample kit is also available so you
P8VWNNzCDvU-00182-00048312-00048374 can have
P8VWNNzCDvU-00183-00048375-00048846 all our m07h bridges in a single kit
P8VWNNzCDvU-00184-00048847-00049102 our solution evaluation kit includes the
P8VWNNzCDvU-00185-00049103-00049223 spc 5
P8VWNNzCDvU-00186-00049224-00049571 adapter which can be combined with spc
P8VWNNzCDvU-00187-00049572-00049918 560 discovery board along with
P8VWNNzCDvU-00188-00049919-00050199 h bridge evaluation board for helping
P8VWNNzCDvU-00189-00050200-00050399 you to find the best design for a
P8VWNNzCDvU-00190-00050400-00050479 complete
P8VWNNzCDvU-00191-00050480-00050830 system solution
P8VWNNzCDvU-00192-00050831-00051071 let's see the twister seam the electro
P8VWNNzCDvU-00193-00051072-00051238 thermal simulator
P8VWNNzCDvU-00194-00051239-00051479 this tool helps hardware engineers to
P8VWNNzCDvU-00195-00051479-00051582 match
P8VWNNzCDvU-00196-00051583-00051879 the correct h bridge to his application
P8VWNNzCDvU-00197-00051879-00052102 at the very beginning of its development
P8VWNNzCDvU-00198-00052103-00052399 phase the twister sim includes a va
P8VWNNzCDvU-00199-00052400-00052607 power interactive selector which
P8VWNNzCDvU-00200-00052608-00052799 displays the best device
P8VWNNzCDvU-00201-00052800-00053054 for a given set of inputs like type of
P8VWNNzCDvU-00202-00053055-00053142 device
P8VWNNzCDvU-00203-00053144-00053399 load and pcb characteristic in just few
P8VWNNzCDvU-00204-00053400-00053535 clicks
P8VWNNzCDvU-00205-00053536-00053735 and there is also the electro thermal
P8VWNNzCDvU-00206-00053736-00053838 simulator
P8VWNNzCDvU-00207-00053839-00054079 which displays very precise plots of
P8VWNNzCDvU-00208-00054079-00054207 several signals
P8VWNNzCDvU-00209-00054208-00054407 describing the behavior of the device
P8VWNNzCDvU-00210-00054408-00054719 versus a given load
P8VWNNzCDvU-00211-00054720-00054982 let's see an example of electro thermal
P8VWNNzCDvU-00212-00054983-00055159 simulator
P8VWNNzCDvU-00213-00055160-00055487 so i start
P8VWNNzCDvU-00214-00055488-00055799 with load block settings
P8VWNNzCDvU-00215-00055800-00055982 and then i check the motors parameter
P8VWNNzCDvU-00216-00055983-00056247 like armature resistance inductance as
P8VWNNzCDvU-00217-00056248-00056782 well as its mechanical parameters
P8VWNNzCDvU-00218-00056783-00057103 so then i go to the device the selected
P8VWNNzCDvU-00219-00057104-00057238 bridges which in this case
P8VWNNzCDvU-00220-00057239-00057599 vnh 7040 a y
P8VWNNzCDvU-00221-00057600-00057782 i go through the parameters and for
P8VWNNzCDvU-00222-00057783-00057999 example i check here the pcb
P8VWNNzCDvU-00223-00058000-00058247 characteristics
P8VWNNzCDvU-00224-00058248-00058630 and finally i can start my simulation
P8VWNNzCDvU-00225-00058632-00059142 so i check the plot and i wait
P8VWNNzCDvU-00226-00059144-00059487 just few seconds so that the simulation
P8VWNNzCDvU-00227-00059488-00059982 is already in progress
P8VWNNzCDvU-00228-00059983-00060166 and then i wait until the cars are
P8VWNNzCDvU-00229-00060167-00060342 plotted i change
P8VWNNzCDvU-00230-00060344-00060582 the color of the load current curve to
P8VWNNzCDvU-00231-00060583-00060742 make it more visible
P8VWNNzCDvU-00232-00060744-00061047 and as default you can see the values of
P8VWNNzCDvU-00233-00061048-00061182 the current
P8VWNNzCDvU-00234-00061183-00061494 and on the top you can see four
P8VWNNzCDvU-00235-00061495-00061766 junction temperatures of the power moss
P8VWNNzCDvU-00236-00061767-00061975 inside
P8VWNNzCDvU-00237-00061976-00062223 this is a typical display of a motor
P8VWNNzCDvU-00238-00062224-00062391 starting with the typical
P8VWNNzCDvU-00239-00062391-00062671 air rush phase which lasts several
P8VWNNzCDvU-00240-00062672-00062806 milliseconds
P8VWNNzCDvU-00241-00062807-00063006 you can see that i get a time based
P8VWNNzCDvU-00242-00063007-00063142 range of several hundreds of
P8VWNNzCDvU-00243-00063144-00063263 milliseconds
P8VWNNzCDvU-00244-00063264-00063479 these of course can be fine-tuned until
P8VWNNzCDvU-00245-00063479-00063847 we do not see a steady state condition
P8VWNNzCDvU-00246-00063848-00064030 the twister scene can be downloaded for
P8VWNNzCDvU-00247-00064032-00064447 free on wwwst.com
P8VWNNzCDvU-00248-00064448-00064654 developers will also appreciate these
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P8VWNNzCDvU-00250-00064807-00065111 uh two application nodes
P8VWNNzCDvU-00251-00065112-00065454 on the standard h bridges on the vnhd7
P8VWNNzCDvU-00252-00065455-00065663 serial
P8VWNNzCDvU-00253-00065664-00066047 a comprehensive brochure
P8VWNNzCDvU-00254-00066048-00066350 and finally the va power finder this is
P8VWNNzCDvU-00255-00066351-00066550 a brand new mobile app
P8VWNNzCDvU-00256-00066551-00066855 available for android and ios that lets
P8VWNNzCDvU-00257-00066856-00067087 you explore the stba power product
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P8VWNNzCDvU-00259-00067295-00067567 or tablet it has many useful features
P8VWNNzCDvU-00260-00067568-00067782 like smart parametric
P8VWNNzCDvU-00261-00067783-00068059 search access to main product
P8VWNNzCDvU-00262-00068060-00068231 specifications
P8VWNNzCDvU-00263-00068232-00068599 on and offline consulting
P8VWNNzCDvU-00264-00068600-00068879 add to fabrics on the selected products
P8VWNNzCDvU-00265-00068880-00068919 and
P8VWNNzCDvU-00266-00068920-00069159 data sheets and ability to share
P8VWNNzCDvU-00267-00069160-00069447 technical documentation via social media
P8VWNNzCDvU-00268-00069448-00069815 or email
P8VWNNzCDvU-00269-00069816-00069982 thank you all very much for your
P8VWNNzCDvU-00270-00069983-00070279 attention i invite you
P8VWNNzCDvU-00271-00070280-00070567 exploring our wide range of age bridges
P8VWNNzCDvU-00272-00070568-00070903 on wwwst.com
P8VWNNzCDvU-00273-00070904-00071821 see you soon
P8VWNNzCDvU-00274-00071822-00072335 [Music]
P8VWNNzCDvU-00275-00072336-00072544 you
P94-BBt1PXy-00000-00000096-00000639 so i can stand on mountains
P94-BBt1PXy-00001-00000640-00000919 you raised me up
P94-BBt1PXy-00002-00000919-00002271 to walk on stormy seas
P94-BBt1PXy-00003-00002272-00002567 you raise me up
P94-BBt1PXy-00004-00002568-00003503 to more than i can be
P94-BBt1PXy-00006-00006536-00008039 yes
P94-BBt1PXy-00007-00008040-00010559 is
P94-BBt1PXy-00008-00010560-00010927 you raise me up
P94-BBt1PXy-00009-00010928-00011519 to more than i can
P94-BBt1PXy-00010-00011520-00013503 be
P94-BBt1PXy-00011-00013504-00013784 kelly
PqoU5s4AK-k-00000-00000006-00000209 hey guys my name is James I live in
PqoU5s4AK-k-00001-00000210-00000497 Pittsburgh PA and I'm posting this video
PqoU5s4AK-k-00002-00000498-00001010 after a few weeks a few years of feeling
PqoU5s4AK-k-00003-00001011-00001481 regret and almost ashamed of my vote in
PqoU5s4AK-k-00004-00001482-00001934 2016 so to give some context I voted for
PqoU5s4AK-k-00005-00001935-00002171 Trump because I thought he was the
PqoU5s4AK-k-00006-00002172-00002474 lesser of two evils and I wanted to give
PqoU5s4AK-k-00007-00002475-00002723 someone who wasn't a career politician a
PqoU5s4AK-k-00008-00002724-00003089 chance to I don't know give it give them
PqoU5s4AK-k-00009-00003090-00003410 a chance to test new things and try new
PqoU5s4AK-k-00010-00003411-00003602 things that historically haven't been
PqoU5s4AK-k-00011-00003603-00003700 done
PqoU5s4AK-k-00012-00003701-00004031 unfortunately my my hesitations and my
PqoU5s4AK-k-00013-00004032-00004253 concerns were confirmed over the past
PqoU5s4AK-k-00014-00004254-00004550 four years and especially leading into
PqoU5s4AK-k-00015-00004551-00004927 2020 and where we are now it's June 4th
PqoU5s4AK-k-00016-00004928-00005465 today and it's also it's all it's almost
PqoU5s4AK-k-00017-00005466-00005849 become not political for me I think it's
PqoU5s4AK-k-00018-00005850-00006211 just one man he's opened up a dialogue
PqoU5s4AK-k-00019-00006212-00006493 of hate that has given the profession to
PqoU5s4AK-k-00020-00006494-00006758 people to treat each other in ways that
PqoU5s4AK-k-00021-00006759-00007133 aren't good he speaks to reporters
PqoU5s4AK-k-00022-00007134-00007681 awfully his tweets are racist his
PqoU5s4AK-k-00023-00007683-00008181 rhetoric everything about him is is just
PqoU5s4AK-k-00024-00008183-00008564 negative and I think we're seeing all of
PqoU5s4AK-k-00025-00008565-00008721 that come to light
PqoU5s4AK-k-00026-00008722-00009010 especially after all this self-isolation
PqoU5s4AK-k-00027-00009011-00009331 social isolation people were pen up and
PqoU5s4AK-k-00028-00009332-00010019 the murder of George Floyd was was was
PqoU5s4AK-k-00029-00010020-00010267 this striking point of it all
PqoU5s4AK-k-00030-00010268-00010660 it's what set this off and I hope it's
PqoU5s4AK-k-00031-00010661-00011089 it's the reason for his demise so
PqoU5s4AK-k-00032-00011090-00011392 November I'm excited to provide in
PqoU5s4AK-k-00033-00011393-00011653 although I don't think he is the best
PqoU5s4AK-k-00034-00011654-00011776 candidate
PqoU5s4AK-k-00035-00011777-00012231 I view him as a temporary fix I changed
PqoU5s4AK-k-00036-00012232-00012435 my party affiliation to independent
PqoU5s4AK-k-00037-00012436-00012576 because I don't feel comfortable
PqoU5s4AK-k-00038-00012577-00012940 identifying as a Republican anymore I'm
PqoU5s4AK-k-00039-00012941-00013276 not quite there to be a Democrat so I
PqoU5s4AK-k-00040-00013277-00013536 just won't affiliate with either of them
PqoU5s4AK-k-00041-00013537-00013810 all right well here's to November
PqoU5s4AK-k-00042-00013811-00014215 hopefully we can get this done thank you
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00000-00000064-00000254 what do you do when your elderly mother
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00001-00000256-00000447 is afraid to stay by herself at night
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00002-00000448-00001287 but doesn't want anyone living with her
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00003-00001288-00001470 it seems like your mother's brain has
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00004-00001471-00001671 come to a point of severe deterioration
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00005-00001672-00001895 with dementia perhaps as she seems to be
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00006-00001896-00002079 a living contradiction
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00007-00002080-00002279 it's as though one was to say i'm afraid
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00008-00002280-00002558 of the duck but i don't want any light
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00009-00002559-00002758 first this may seem to the billions
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00010-00002759-00002991 around the globe exceptionally humorous
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00011-00002992-00003263 or just basically outright hilarious
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00012-00003264-00003438 but it must be understood that there are
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00013-00003439-00003599 millions such as this person is
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00014-00003600-00003751 suffering the mind of persistent
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00015-00003752-00003943 negative irrational thoughts that serve
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00016-00003944-00004135 as a kind of virus that will eventually
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00017-00004136-00004351 devour its host before the normal aging
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00018-00004352-00004406 process
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00019-00004407-00004679 occurs other examples of what some may
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00020-00004680-00004791 characterize
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00021-00004792-00005086 a grave psychological illness i love
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00022-00005087-00005327 water but i'm afraid to drink it
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00023-00005328-00005591 my favorite food has to be steak diane
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00024-00005592-00005686 nevertheless
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00025-00005687-00005854 i can't eat it and i don't have an
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00026-00005855-00006111 explanation why this is the case
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00027-00006112-00006334 i love my partner's company but i cannot
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00028-00006335-00006527 stand having her around
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00029-00006528-00006727 i love making love but the me thought of
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00030-00006728-00006887 it makes me cringe
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00031-00006888-00007110 i can't advise what to do as whatever i
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00032-00007111-00007278 say is past knowledge and therefore
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00033-00007279-00007367 useless
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00034-00007368-00007583 your mother's completely alone on this
PuL2VPwrUyQ-00035-00007584-00007928 it's the only way
PyYZhJIverQ-00000-00000032-00000488 i'm back
PyYZhJIverQ-00001-00000488-00001734 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00002-00001735-00002102 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00003-00002103-00002380 so
PyYZhJIverQ-00004-00002381-00003927 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00005-00003928-00004428 hmm
PyYZhJIverQ-00006-00004429-00004799 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00007-00004800-00004962 ugh
PyYZhJIverQ-00008-00004963-00005538 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00009-00005539-00005870 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00010-00005871-00006118 my cute pumpkin
PyYZhJIverQ-00011-00006119-00006446 i carved him just for you
PyYZhJIverQ-00012-00006447-00006559 now
PyYZhJIverQ-00013-00006559-00007206 i'm gonna carve
PyYZhJIverQ-00014-00007208-00007639 see dead people i see ghosts
PyYZhJIverQ-00015-00007640-00008328 i see the things that hate you the most
PyYZhJIverQ-00016-00008329-00008903 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00017-00008904-00009010 help me
PyYZhJIverQ-00018-00009011-00009178 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00019-00009179-00010039 help me
PyYZhJIverQ-00020-00010040-00010599 uh
PyYZhJIverQ-00021-00010600-00010965 [Applause]
PyYZhJIverQ-00022-00010966-00011777 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00023-00011778-00012463 [Laughter]
PyYZhJIverQ-00024-00012464-00012767 you don't want to wake up my mother
PyYZhJIverQ-00025-00012768-00013055 she's been sleeping for a long
PyYZhJIverQ-00026-00013056-00013271 time
PyYZhJIverQ-00027-00013272-00014327 can you keep a secret
PyYZhJIverQ-00028-00014328-00015061 what are you looking at
PyYZhJIverQ-00029-00015062-00016311 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00030-00016312-00016550 your awakened nightmare is just
PyYZhJIverQ-00031-00016551-00017111 beginning
PyYZhJIverQ-00032-00017112-00018120 your terror only makes me stronger
PyYZhJIverQ-00033-00018121-00019442 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00034-00019443-00019605 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00035-00019606-00019855 [Applause]
PyYZhJIverQ-00036-00019856-00020071 i love the cemetery
PyYZhJIverQ-00037-00020072-00020414 especially at midnight when it's colder
PyYZhJIverQ-00038-00020415-00020719 when the other children are long asleep
PyYZhJIverQ-00039-00020720-00021767 and the dead awaken
PyYZhJIverQ-00040-00021768-00023414 [Music]
PyYZhJIverQ-00041-00023415-00023623 you
PzvYmxCmy2A-00000-00000088-00000271 hey fit fam welcome back to my channel
PzvYmxCmy2A-00001-00000272-00000415 and this is sydney
PzvYmxCmy2A-00002-00000416-00000559 also known as fitzit on youtube if
PzvYmxCmy2A-00003-00000560-00000734 you've never been to my channel before
PzvYmxCmy2A-00004-00000735-00001015 hi welcome you're about to see a bikini
PzvYmxCmy2A-00005-00001016-00001311 try on haul i know that it is not
PzvYmxCmy2A-00006-00001312-00001447 summer
PzvYmxCmy2A-00007-00001448-00001647 maybe in australia it's about to be
PzvYmxCmy2A-00008-00001648-00001807 summer but like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00009-00001807-00002102 here in the us it's not but i have been
PzvYmxCmy2A-00010-00002103-00002310 wanting to try these swimsuits and i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00011-00002311-00002518 just figured you know what
PzvYmxCmy2A-00012-00002519-00002679 let's just get them
PzvYmxCmy2A-00013-00002680-00002847 maybe i'll be able to wear them next
PzvYmxCmy2A-00014-00002848-00003142 summer but it is finally getting cold i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00015-00003143-00003359 turned my heat off so that then the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00016-00003360-00003606 noise from the heat wouldn't go onto my
PzvYmxCmy2A-00017-00003607-00003799 camera but um i'm gonna try these
PzvYmxCmy2A-00018-00003800-00003983 bikinis on for you and hopefully you
PzvYmxCmy2A-00019-00003984-00004103 enjoy
PzvYmxCmy2A-00020-00004104-00004335 if you do don't forget to like comment
PzvYmxCmy2A-00021-00004336-00004486 and subscribe if you guys want to follow
PzvYmxCmy2A-00022-00004487-00004647 me on my socials and just keep up with
PzvYmxCmy2A-00023-00004648-00004791 my life and like other things that i'm
PzvYmxCmy2A-00024-00004792-00005038 doing or want to give me requests of
PzvYmxCmy2A-00025-00005039-00005143 things that you want to see on my
PzvYmxCmy2A-00026-00005144-00005247 channel
PzvYmxCmy2A-00027-00005248-00005511 go to my snapchat it will be down here
PzvYmxCmy2A-00028-00005512-00005695 and my instagram and you can just go
PzvYmxCmy2A-00029-00005696-00005838 follow those i have a couple different
PzvYmxCmy2A-00030-00005839-00006134 accounts but these are my main ones so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00031-00006135-00006263 if you're curious about all of them you
PzvYmxCmy2A-00032-00006264-00006439 can just go to my description box down
PzvYmxCmy2A-00033-00006440-00006751 below but today we are going to be doing
PzvYmxCmy2A-00034-00006752-00006967 a frankie's bikini
PzvYmxCmy2A-00035-00006968-00007431 haul so i have one two three four
PzvYmxCmy2A-00036-00007431-00007639 five six seven
PzvYmxCmy2A-00037-00007640-00007831 seven different pieces that i'm going to
PzvYmxCmy2A-00038-00007831-00007998 be reviewing they're either in a large
PzvYmxCmy2A-00039-00008000-00008151 or an extra large and i'm really scared
PzvYmxCmy2A-00040-00008152-00008359 to try these on because
PzvYmxCmy2A-00041-00008360-00008535 i am
PzvYmxCmy2A-00042-00008536-00008727 the thickest i've been in a very very
PzvYmxCmy2A-00043-00008728-00008878 long time like probably three years this
PzvYmxCmy2A-00044-00008879-00009071 is like the heaviest i've been but i've
PzvYmxCmy2A-00045-00009072-00009214 been working on myself and i feel like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00046-00009215-00009391 my body composition is different as well
PzvYmxCmy2A-00047-00009392-00009503 so like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00048-00009504-00009663 i'm just hoping that this stuff's gonna
PzvYmxCmy2A-00049-00009664-00009910 fit but if you're a curvy girl like me
PzvYmxCmy2A-00050-00009911-00010103 and you are wondering if this stuff's
PzvYmxCmy2A-00051-00010104-00010278 gonna look good and fit you you've come
PzvYmxCmy2A-00052-00010279-00010399 to the right place because we're gonna
PzvYmxCmy2A-00053-00010400-00010606 find out together and i'm gonna tell you
PzvYmxCmy2A-00054-00010607-00010783 my impressions my honest review these
PzvYmxCmy2A-00055-00010784-00011023 things i bought with my very own money
PzvYmxCmy2A-00056-00011024-00011255 and they're pretty expensive you guys
PzvYmxCmy2A-00057-00011256-00011471 but i really wanted to try it and make a
PzvYmxCmy2A-00058-00011472-00011695 video and show you guys so with that
PzvYmxCmy2A-00059-00011696-00012063 being said i have a few different kinds
PzvYmxCmy2A-00060-00012064-00012242 i have
PzvYmxCmy2A-00061-00012243-00012414 [Applause]
PzvYmxCmy2A-00062-00012415-00012638 first i have three different like bikini
PzvYmxCmy2A-00063-00012639-00012855 sets and then i have like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00064-00012856-00013063 this set which has two tops and one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00065-00013063-00013311 bottom i'm pretty sure
PzvYmxCmy2A-00066-00013312-00013422 let's see
PzvYmxCmy2A-00067-00013423-00013535 bottom
PzvYmxCmy2A-00068-00013536-00013799 top also
PzvYmxCmy2A-00069-00013800-00014030 i have actually two bottoms and one top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00070-00014031-00014399 for this set and then i have
PzvYmxCmy2A-00071-00014400-00014655 this one is a large
PzvYmxCmy2A-00072-00014656-00014855 and then this one is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00073-00014856-00015022 a large top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00074-00015023-00015247 and an extra large bottom and this one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00075-00015247-00015407 is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00076-00015408-00015615 extra large
PzvYmxCmy2A-00077-00015616-00015847 on these two and then
PzvYmxCmy2A-00078-00015847-00016103 a large bottom on one of them so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00079-00016104-00016247 you're definitely going to see how these
PzvYmxCmy2A-00080-00016247-00016391 things all fit they're all different
PzvYmxCmy2A-00081-00016392-00016599 sizes for the most part and styles so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00082-00016600-00016775 you're going to get to see like maybe
PzvYmxCmy2A-00083-00016776-00016950 one will fit me better than another but
PzvYmxCmy2A-00084-00016951-00017158 yeah so getting into my sizing i do want
PzvYmxCmy2A-00085-00017159-00017303 to make clear that i'm going to try
PzvYmxCmy2A-00086-00017304-00017479 these on and show you as i talk about my
PzvYmxCmy2A-00087-00017480-00017607 review so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00088-00017608-00017814 i'm going to just tell you my sizes jump
PzvYmxCmy2A-00089-00017815-00017950 off cam
PzvYmxCmy2A-00090-00017951-00018094 and then
PzvYmxCmy2A-00091-00018095-00018319 try them on film that part and then
PzvYmxCmy2A-00092-00018320-00018471 formulate my opinion and then get back
PzvYmxCmy2A-00093-00018472-00018655 on camera talk to you about it and then
PzvYmxCmy2A-00094-00018656-00018935 i'll put me trying it on
PzvYmxCmy2A-00095-00018936-00019047 over
PzvYmxCmy2A-00096-00019048-00019214 me talking about it so you can see how
PzvYmxCmy2A-00097-00019215-00019447 it actually looks if that makes sense so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00098-00019448-00019614 with that being said
PzvYmxCmy2A-00099-00019615-00019975 i am five nine 226 pounds currently at
PzvYmxCmy2A-00100-00019976-00020119 this moment and i'm kind of bloated
PzvYmxCmy2A-00101-00020120-00020422 because i'm on my period right now so if
PzvYmxCmy2A-00102-00020423-00020583 that also helps
PzvYmxCmy2A-00103-00020584-00020750 just know that i'm a little bloated and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00104-00020751-00020975 then um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00105-00020976-00021278 my chest size is a 36 triple d
PzvYmxCmy2A-00106-00021279-00021630 or a 36 f depending on the day
PzvYmxCmy2A-00107-00021631-00021958 and how my boobs are feeling and then um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00108-00021959-00022167 but i'm always a 36 tripoli so if you
PzvYmxCmy2A-00109-00022168-00022358 have bigger chests like me
PzvYmxCmy2A-00110-00022359-00022599 then keep in mind when you are watching
PzvYmxCmy2A-00111-00022600-00022703 this
PzvYmxCmy2A-00112-00022704-00022871 that these will probably fit you very
PzvYmxCmy2A-00113-00022872-00023071 similarly and my opinion on these will
PzvYmxCmy2A-00114-00023072-00023214 probably help you a lot with making your
PzvYmxCmy2A-00115-00023215-00023327 decision
PzvYmxCmy2A-00116-00023328-00023471 um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00117-00023472-00023727 yeah so i am also a size 16 in jeans so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00118-00023728-00023863 i have a very
PzvYmxCmy2A-00119-00023864-00024078 um hanging stomach you'll probably see
PzvYmxCmy2A-00120-00024079-00024303 that in the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00121-00024304-00024511 try on portion so i always look for
PzvYmxCmy2A-00122-00024512-00024599 bottoms that are gonna be more
PzvYmxCmy2A-00123-00024600-00024767 flattering so if you struggle with those
PzvYmxCmy2A-00124-00024768-00024911 things too hopefully this helps i have
PzvYmxCmy2A-00125-00024912-00025055 stretch marks i've been through weight
PzvYmxCmy2A-00126-00025056-00025183 loss weight gain
PzvYmxCmy2A-00127-00025184-00025414 and eating real good eating not so good
PzvYmxCmy2A-00128-00025415-00025527 so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00129-00025528-00025718 this is a great review for someone
PzvYmxCmy2A-00130-00025719-00025862 that's done those similar things and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00131-00025863-00026055 you're a thick chick like me so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00132-00026056-00026262 anyways i'm going to hop off camera now
PzvYmxCmy2A-00133-00026263-00026407 and i'm going to try these on and i'm
PzvYmxCmy2A-00134-00026408-00026590 going to come back with my personal
PzvYmxCmy2A-00135-00026591-00026687 opinion
PzvYmxCmy2A-00136-00026688-00027055 and let you know what i think
PzvYmxCmy2A-00137-00027056-00027302 all right you guys so i am back i have
PzvYmxCmy2A-00138-00027304-00027470 tried everything on as you can tell i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00139-00027472-00027679 actually left this top on because i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00140-00027680-00027831 thought it was way cuter than what i was
PzvYmxCmy2A-00141-00027832-00028135 wearing earlier it's a swimsuit top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00142-00028136-00028390 and now we're gonna get into it so i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00143-00028391-00028535 guess i'm gonna start with the green
PzvYmxCmy2A-00144-00028536-00028695 that i'm wearing right now and then
PzvYmxCmy2A-00145-00028695-00028870 we'll do the the solid color and then
PzvYmxCmy2A-00146-00028872-00029039 the other color so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00147-00029039-00029207 first of all i want to say this is a
PzvYmxCmy2A-00148-00029208-00029487 frankie's bikinis review i got only
PzvYmxCmy2A-00149-00029488-00029790 extra large and large and i went into it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00150-00029791-00030007 with a very open mindset i really tried
PzvYmxCmy2A-00151-00030008-00030214 to find things that would flatter my
PzvYmxCmy2A-00152-00030216-00030407 body you know like i wasn't sure like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00153-00030408-00030567 what the fabric was gonna feel like so i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00154-00030568-00030687 guess the first thing i want to say is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00155-00030688-00030823 like it is definitely a swimsuit
PzvYmxCmy2A-00156-00030824-00030951 material it feels really nice though
PzvYmxCmy2A-00157-00030952-00031246 it's not too thick not too thin um the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00158-00031247-00031439 sleeves are thinner and then this is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00159-00031439-00031590 actually double
PzvYmxCmy2A-00160-00031591-00031679 um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00161-00031680-00031895 double fabric so i really like that
PzvYmxCmy2A-00162-00031895-00032111 about that because i feel like the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00163-00032112-00032327 sleeves are able to be movable a lot so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00164-00032327-00032518 i like the quality of it i feel like all
PzvYmxCmy2A-00165-00032519-00032807 of the stuff has extremely good quality
PzvYmxCmy2A-00166-00032808-00033071 um i was really surprised by the feeling
PzvYmxCmy2A-00167-00033072-00033455 of the fabric itself for all of these um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00168-00033456-00033655 but yeah so i would like to say this
PzvYmxCmy2A-00169-00033656-00033839 this piece that i'm wearing right now is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00170-00033840-00034031 probably my favorite out of all of the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00171-00034032-00034159 things that i got
PzvYmxCmy2A-00172-00034160-00034439 this one is gonna get a 9 out of 10. the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00173-00034440-00034574 reason it doesn't get a 10 out of 10 is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00174-00034575-00034862 just because i know that like with this
PzvYmxCmy2A-00175-00034863-00035015 piece i'm going to get the worst hand
PzvYmxCmy2A-00176-00035016-00035183 lines ever i probably would not actually
PzvYmxCmy2A-00177-00035184-00035327 wear this if i'm gonna be in the sun
PzvYmxCmy2A-00178-00035328-00035423 because
PzvYmxCmy2A-00179-00035424-00035559 it's just gonna give me like a farmer's
PzvYmxCmy2A-00180-00035560-00035774 tan and if i'm gonna get a bikini i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00181-00035775-00036023 personally would not want this one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00182-00036024-00036207 but it is really amazing quality it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00183-00036208-00036383 holds the girls up and as you guys know
PzvYmxCmy2A-00184-00036384-00036639 i have a pretty big saggy natural chest
PzvYmxCmy2A-00185-00036640-00036871 so they're not gonna sit all the way up
PzvYmxCmy2A-00186-00036872-00037055 here so the fact that this has support
PzvYmxCmy2A-00187-00037056-00037271 is awesome and then i love the fact that
PzvYmxCmy2A-00188-00037272-00037415 this string you can pull it and make it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00189-00037416-00037590 tighter or not and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00190-00037591-00037799 um i really like that this is an extra
PzvYmxCmy2A-00191-00037800-00038111 large so i did get an xl in this top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00192-00038112-00038262 and then i've picked out
PzvYmxCmy2A-00193-00038263-00038527 two different bottoms so this top is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00194-00038528-00038879 called the ryan top in tide so this is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00195-00038880-00039279 the green tide color it's an xl and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00196-00039280-00039430 that is what the tag looks like when i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00197-00039431-00039687 go to buy it so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00198-00039688-00039879 i do like it it says
PzvYmxCmy2A-00199-00039880-00040030 due to the nature of the tie-dye pattern
PzvYmxCmy2A-00200-00040031-00040246 no two bikinis will be the same all
PzvYmxCmy2A-00201-00040247-00040423 items should be washed inside out in
PzvYmxCmy2A-00202-00040424-00040718 cold water gentle cycle or by hand so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00203-00040719-00040862 when it comes to washing you're gonna
PzvYmxCmy2A-00204-00040863-00041030 have to remember not to just throw it in
PzvYmxCmy2A-00205-00041031-00041239 with all your other stuff um just be
PzvYmxCmy2A-00206-00041240-00041439 careful about that but it is tie-dye and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00207-00041440-00041590 i really like this i think this is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00208-00041591-00041807 probably the most flattering out of all
PzvYmxCmy2A-00209-00041808-00042087 of them uh just for myself
PzvYmxCmy2A-00210-00042088-00042367 and then i got two bottoms so the first
PzvYmxCmy2A-00211-00042368-00042558 pair of bottoms that i got i actually
PzvYmxCmy2A-00212-00042559-00042702 got this in another color and i'll
PzvYmxCmy2A-00213-00042703-00042855 explain why i like these better than the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00214-00042856-00043015 other one so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00215-00043016-00043174 i really like the tie-dye pattern i feel
PzvYmxCmy2A-00216-00043175-00043302 like it takes
PzvYmxCmy2A-00217-00043303-00043471 away from if you're feeling
PzvYmxCmy2A-00218-00043472-00043671 self-conscious and stuff
PzvYmxCmy2A-00219-00043672-00043855 and it fits and it hides like if you
PzvYmxCmy2A-00220-00043856-00044007 want to have it up on your stomach line
PzvYmxCmy2A-00221-00044008-00044295 you can this is an xl this is meant to
PzvYmxCmy2A-00222-00044296-00044535 be cheeky and i like it that way i think
PzvYmxCmy2A-00223-00044536-00044655 it is a very
PzvYmxCmy2A-00224-00044656-00044871 um flattering
PzvYmxCmy2A-00225-00044872-00045143 piece it's comfortable it the fabric is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00226-00045144-00045311 double
PzvYmxCmy2A-00227-00045312-00045655 like double-sided i guess um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00228-00045656-00045830 i guess that's how i'm gonna explain it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00229-00045831-00046079 so there's two pieces rather than just
PzvYmxCmy2A-00230-00046080-00046279 one tiny piece i really like that
PzvYmxCmy2A-00231-00046280-00046446 because it shows the quality in it they
PzvYmxCmy2A-00232-00046447-00046630 all come with
PzvYmxCmy2A-00233-00046631-00046974 the glorious
PzvYmxCmy2A-00234-00046975-00047158 sticker strips which i love and then i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00235-00047159-00047302 just really like the pattern overall i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00236-00047303-00047511 feel like it's a very flattering color
PzvYmxCmy2A-00237-00047512-00047686 the patterns are cool i love the fact
PzvYmxCmy2A-00238-00047687-00047943 that it's tie-dye um this one's an xl
PzvYmxCmy2A-00239-00047944-00048095 and it fits very well so if you're
PzvYmxCmy2A-00240-00048096-00048318 looking i would not say large i would
PzvYmxCmy2A-00241-00048319-00048527 before we even get into this actually a
PzvYmxCmy2A-00242-00048528-00048695 lot of these
PzvYmxCmy2A-00243-00048696-00048886 are a large because they don't sell it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00244-00048887-00049071 in excel that i think is one of the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00245-00049072-00049279 biggest downfalls of the company the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00246-00049280-00049558 site because this makes your booty look
PzvYmxCmy2A-00247-00049559-00049711 good
PzvYmxCmy2A-00248-00049712-00049902 this is an xl if i were to get this in a
PzvYmxCmy2A-00249-00049903-00050055 large i would look
PzvYmxCmy2A-00250-00050056-00050295 like a stuffed sausage i barely
PzvYmxCmy2A-00251-00050296-00050518 can fit into this and want to go out in
PzvYmxCmy2A-00252-00050519-00050679 public so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00253-00050680-00050902 if you're wondering like definitely do
PzvYmxCmy2A-00254-00050903-00051238 xl um if you are around my size
PzvYmxCmy2A-00255-00051239-00051454 so that one is a very good one for the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00256-00051455-00051566 booty
PzvYmxCmy2A-00257-00051567-00051742 now this one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00258-00051744-00052142 is called the tasha bottom in tide so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00259-00052144-00052382 obviously the tide is the color
PzvYmxCmy2A-00260-00052383-00052591 and then it's called the tasha bottom
PzvYmxCmy2A-00261-00052591-00052782 and this is how it came
PzvYmxCmy2A-00262-00052783-00052999 just like this this is in a large so i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00263-00053000-00053135 feel like if i would have been an extra
PzvYmxCmy2A-00264-00053136-00053311 large it might have been
PzvYmxCmy2A-00265-00053312-00053535 good but also the style is just not that
PzvYmxCmy2A-00266-00053536-00053719 flattering for my body type because i do
PzvYmxCmy2A-00267-00053720-00053871 have a stomach i definitely think it was
PzvYmxCmy2A-00268-00053872-00053959 cute
PzvYmxCmy2A-00269-00053960-00054199 um i feel like they should have it in xl
PzvYmxCmy2A-00270-00054200-00054359 but i think that
PzvYmxCmy2A-00271-00054360-00054566 because the sides are adjustable and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00272-00054567-00054742 tireable it is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00273-00054744-00054903 a really good piece to have i also
PzvYmxCmy2A-00274-00054904-00055175 really like the fact that this can be
PzvYmxCmy2A-00275-00055176-00055407 bunched up because then you can make it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00276-00055408-00055575 more like a thong and i know that a lot
PzvYmxCmy2A-00277-00055576-00055711 of people are like what are you talking
PzvYmxCmy2A-00278-00055712-00055919 about but that's a trend right now and i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00279-00055920-00056063 see that all the time with instagram
PzvYmxCmy2A-00280-00056064-00056199 models and i know that for me personally
PzvYmxCmy2A-00281-00056200-00056375 like i am not an instagram model you
PzvYmxCmy2A-00282-00056376-00056687 guys so um i just i just know that like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00283-00056688-00056903 if i'm trying to appeal to the instagram
PzvYmxCmy2A-00284-00056904-00057094 model community this would probably be a
PzvYmxCmy2A-00285-00057095-00057294 really awesome bottom for it and it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00286-00057295-00057447 would still be cute and you can pull it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00287-00057448-00057638 out around your parents and scrunch it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00288-00057639-00057799 up like a little song and pull it up
PzvYmxCmy2A-00289-00057800-00057959 your butt when you're around your
PzvYmxCmy2A-00290-00057960-00058150 friends so i really like this one i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00291-00058151-00058359 think it's a very good piece um i would
PzvYmxCmy2A-00292-00058360-00058566 give this an
PzvYmxCmy2A-00293-00058567-00058782 a 7 out of 10 because of the size if
PzvYmxCmy2A-00294-00058783-00058991 they didn't if they were to carry exile
PzvYmxCmy2A-00295-00058991-00059175 it'd probably be a lot better but i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00296-00059176-00059311 don't think they do a lot of their
PzvYmxCmy2A-00297-00059312-00059487 swimsuit bottoms don't
PzvYmxCmy2A-00298-00059488-00059663 some of their tops don't either so it's
PzvYmxCmy2A-00299-00059664-00059807 just kind of
PzvYmxCmy2A-00300-00059808-00060030 hit or miss um if they were to do that i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00301-00060032-00060206 would probably get an 8 out of 10. but i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00302-00060207-00060382 do like this and i do like being able to
PzvYmxCmy2A-00303-00060383-00060582 have access to something that is so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00304-00060583-00060775 versatile um and if i didn't have a
PzvYmxCmy2A-00305-00060776-00060999 belly it would be very attractive
PzvYmxCmy2A-00306-00061000-00061182 so i'm still attractive i'm not trying
PzvYmxCmy2A-00307-00061183-00061375 to hang on myself but it just
PzvYmxCmy2A-00308-00061376-00061606 you know it's this one is definitely
PzvYmxCmy2A-00309-00061607-00061815 more flattering to my body type this
PzvYmxCmy2A-00310-00061816-00062015 one's more instagram model
PzvYmxCmy2A-00311-00062016-00062103 so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00312-00062104-00062342 now let's go into
PzvYmxCmy2A-00313-00062344-00062542 this color so this is a solid color and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00314-00062544-00062854 i'm actually a huge fan of the fabric
PzvYmxCmy2A-00315-00062855-00063054 the material it's a it's different it's
PzvYmxCmy2A-00316-00063055-00063294 silky it feels really good this is also
PzvYmxCmy2A-00317-00063295-00063599 double fabric it is i'm pretty sure the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00318-00063600-00063742 set oh
PzvYmxCmy2A-00319-00063744-00064006 it's not i thought these two were the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00320-00064007-00064223 same but they're not and now that makes
PzvYmxCmy2A-00321-00064224-00064503 sense um because
PzvYmxCmy2A-00322-00064504-00064719 i thought they were saying but
PzvYmxCmy2A-00323-00064720-00064950 the that one's the ryan bottom the green
PzvYmxCmy2A-00324-00064951-00065294 one this one is the nick bottom
PzvYmxCmy2A-00325-00065295-00065479 see that
PzvYmxCmy2A-00326-00065479-00065687 i just learned something new so this one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00327-00065688-00065887 i think is flattering i also think it's
PzvYmxCmy2A-00328-00065888-00066111 not that flattering i think the fabric
PzvYmxCmy2A-00329-00066112-00066263 is different and that's why it's harder
PzvYmxCmy2A-00330-00066264-00066567 for me to work with i would wonder um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00331-00066568-00066743 if it would get stretchy it's really
PzvYmxCmy2A-00332-00066744-00066950 stretchy so i wonder if it were to get
PzvYmxCmy2A-00333-00066951-00067150 wet if it would be a problem
PzvYmxCmy2A-00334-00067151-00067494 um it fit me very well i just don't know
PzvYmxCmy2A-00335-00067495-00067703 how i feel about like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00336-00067704-00067894 i think it needed like a thicker strap
PzvYmxCmy2A-00337-00067895-00068055 or something
PzvYmxCmy2A-00338-00068056-00068279 but i mean this is one of the styles so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00339-00068280-00068455 i tried this i liked it you can see how
PzvYmxCmy2A-00340-00068456-00068679 it looks on me the fabric is very soft
PzvYmxCmy2A-00341-00068680-00068806 so if you're someone that wants some
PzvYmxCmy2A-00342-00068807-00069023 super soft bikinis that are comfortable
PzvYmxCmy2A-00343-00069024-00069223 this one's awesome and then i got this
PzvYmxCmy2A-00344-00069224-00069615 in a large top and this one is called
PzvYmxCmy2A-00345-00069616-00069806 the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00346-00069807-00069894 all
PzvYmxCmy2A-00347-00069895-00070199 top and it's in a large
PzvYmxCmy2A-00348-00070200-00070511 and there's the color right under it be
PzvYmxCmy2A-00349-00070512-00070671 lj
PzvYmxCmy2A-00350-00070672-00070991 and i like this top a lot only thing i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00351-00070992-00071135 would say
PzvYmxCmy2A-00352-00071136-00071287 definitely not going to support your
PzvYmxCmy2A-00353-00071288-00071535 girls so if you are looking for a top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00354-00071536-00071687 that is going to
PzvYmxCmy2A-00355-00071688-00071911 hold the girls up and you don't have
PzvYmxCmy2A-00356-00071912-00072055 perky boobs
PzvYmxCmy2A-00357-00072056-00072231 this is not the top for you as long as
PzvYmxCmy2A-00358-00072232-00072423 you're fine with having your boobs hang
PzvYmxCmy2A-00359-00072424-00072638 and just sit with the fabric then you'll
PzvYmxCmy2A-00360-00072639-00072831 be okay the other thing that i would say
PzvYmxCmy2A-00361-00072832-00072943 is like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00362-00072944-00073087 the back when i was wearing it was like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00363-00073088-00073238 this so like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00364-00073239-00073423 it was all the way like high up on my
PzvYmxCmy2A-00365-00073424-00073671 back and then my boobs kind of just held
PzvYmxCmy2A-00366-00073672-00073894 it in with like the bottom part which
PzvYmxCmy2A-00367-00073895-00074159 looks like this so you can kind of see
PzvYmxCmy2A-00368-00074160-00074326 so you can see what it looks like on me
PzvYmxCmy2A-00369-00074327-00074471 right here i would rate this one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00370-00074472-00074655 probably an 8 out of 10. i really like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00371-00074656-00074823 it i think the fabric is very soft which
PzvYmxCmy2A-00372-00074824-00075031 is going to cause some problems
PzvYmxCmy2A-00373-00075032-00075150 um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00374-00075151-00075294 but when it gets wet i feel like it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00375-00075295-00075503 would be a perfect piece so i'm excited
PzvYmxCmy2A-00376-00075504-00075655 to wear this and try it out and just see
PzvYmxCmy2A-00377-00075656-00075735 like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00378-00075736-00075862 what would happen if it were wet just
PzvYmxCmy2A-00379-00075863-00076055 because the way the fabric is um it's a
PzvYmxCmy2A-00380-00076056-00076319 very silky soft one so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00381-00076320-00076471 you know if you have natural boobs and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00382-00076472-00076550 you're
PzvYmxCmy2A-00383-00076551-00076767 you know trying to do anything remotely
PzvYmxCmy2A-00384-00076768-00077023 active at all and i'm saying like if you
PzvYmxCmy2A-00385-00077024-00077238 want to lift your arms it might fall out
PzvYmxCmy2A-00386-00077239-00077391 the bottom so that's why i just bring
PzvYmxCmy2A-00387-00077392-00077526 this up because
PzvYmxCmy2A-00388-00077527-00077782 this is really cute you know
PzvYmxCmy2A-00389-00077783-00077959 but don't go to the water park wearing
PzvYmxCmy2A-00390-00077960-00078175 this one okay um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00391-00078176-00078303 and then
PzvYmxCmy2A-00392-00078304-00078399 let's see
PzvYmxCmy2A-00393-00078400-00078655 yep it's in a size large it just says
PzvYmxCmy2A-00394-00078656-00078894 hand wash cold so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00395-00078895-00079055 that is that one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00396-00079056-00079294 now we're gonna get into the last and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00397-00079295-00079415 that is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00398-00079416-00079599 the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00399-00079600-00079935 tide but it's blue so these are tie-dye
PzvYmxCmy2A-00400-00079936-00080119 in blue so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00401-00080120-00080350 first things first i want to say this is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00402-00080351-00080526 the tasha top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00403-00080527-00080767 looks like this
PzvYmxCmy2A-00404-00080768-00080935 i got it in a large because they don't
PzvYmxCmy2A-00405-00080936-00081094 have extra large
PzvYmxCmy2A-00406-00081095-00081423 do i think i need an extra large no do i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00407-00081424-00081662 think i should have tied it tighter
PzvYmxCmy2A-00408-00081663-00081782 probably
PzvYmxCmy2A-00409-00081783-00081999 but there's a reason i made it loose was
PzvYmxCmy2A-00410-00082000-00082126 because i wanted to show you like what
PzvYmxCmy2A-00411-00082127-00082294 it would look like if i was wearing it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00412-00082295-00082471 comfortably if i wanted the girls to be
PzvYmxCmy2A-00413-00082472-00082599 perkier i would definitely have to play
PzvYmxCmy2A-00414-00082600-00082815 around with it a lot more um and i know
PzvYmxCmy2A-00415-00082816-00083062 it's not like it's a basic triangle top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00416-00083063-00083199 so it's something that like i've worn
PzvYmxCmy2A-00417-00083200-00083535 plenty of times um i love this color and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00418-00083536-00083735 i'm really really disappointed because
PzvYmxCmy2A-00419-00083736-00084079 the bottoms are so cute
PzvYmxCmy2A-00420-00084080-00084335 but they don't have it in xl
PzvYmxCmy2A-00421-00084336-00084526 and i think they should have an xl and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00422-00084527-00084799 xxl because of the style so this one's a
PzvYmxCmy2A-00423-00084800-00084967 large
PzvYmxCmy2A-00424-00084968-00085135 eight out of ten you know it's like a
PzvYmxCmy2A-00425-00085136-00085294 pretty
PzvYmxCmy2A-00426-00085295-00085447 basic top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00427-00085448-00085615 i think you could probably buy at other
PzvYmxCmy2A-00428-00085616-00085838 places for cheaper this stuff's pretty
PzvYmxCmy2A-00429-00085839-00085999 expensive some of the stuff i feel like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00430-00086000-00086126 is worth it like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00431-00086127-00086287 this top is just really pretty and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00432-00086288-00086535 unique um the bottoms i feel like we're
PzvYmxCmy2A-00433-00086536-00086782 just basic with matching it but there
PzvYmxCmy2A-00434-00086783-00086999 are other ones i just picked them as
PzvYmxCmy2A-00435-00087000-00087182 sets like that so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00436-00087183-00087406 these bottoms i was i tried these on
PzvYmxCmy2A-00437-00087407-00087599 first out of everything and i was really
PzvYmxCmy2A-00438-00087600-00087847 disappointed in these because they are
PzvYmxCmy2A-00439-00087848-00088143 large okay but as someone who is bigger
PzvYmxCmy2A-00440-00088144-00088375 i would definitely buy these in all of
PzvYmxCmy2A-00441-00088376-00088750 the colors if they sold in xxl okay
PzvYmxCmy2A-00442-00088751-00088911 because this one i feel like runs a
PzvYmxCmy2A-00443-00088912-00089118 little small and i feel like if it were
PzvYmxCmy2A-00444-00089119-00089279 just a little bit bigger and i bought it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00445-00089280-00089479 in a size bigger than what i would be
PzvYmxCmy2A-00446-00089480-00089615 then it would be able to be over my
PzvYmxCmy2A-00447-00089616-00089831 stomach because if you see this v at the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00448-00089832-00089926 top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00449-00089927-00090118 it is meant to just sit on your body
PzvYmxCmy2A-00450-00090119-00090318 like that i am not someone who is thin i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00451-00090319-00090462 will not be able to fit something like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00452-00090463-00090799 that so it sat on my hips so here's the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00453-00090800-00090911 front
PzvYmxCmy2A-00454-00090912-00091023 like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00455-00091024-00091287 like that because there's that little v
PzvYmxCmy2A-00456-00091288-00091462 that i don't know if you can see but
PzvYmxCmy2A-00457-00091463-00091606 like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00458-00091607-00091838 you know you see that divot you have to
PzvYmxCmy2A-00459-00091839-00091975 make sure
PzvYmxCmy2A-00460-00091976-00092238 that your bikini line is like 110
PzvYmxCmy2A-00461-00092239-00092662 groomed um as someone who gets waxed
PzvYmxCmy2A-00462-00092663-00092823 like you have to wait three weeks to
PzvYmxCmy2A-00463-00092824-00092959 your waxing appointment so this one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00464-00092960-00093126 would probably be like not the most
PzvYmxCmy2A-00465-00093127-00093303 ideal because you have to let the hair
PzvYmxCmy2A-00466-00093304-00093662 grow to get it waxed back out so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00467-00093663-00093862 i personally love this but they would
PzvYmxCmy2A-00468-00093863-00094062 have to have like more sizes in order
PzvYmxCmy2A-00469-00094063-00094287 for me to buy it i am not someone that
PzvYmxCmy2A-00470-00094288-00094374 looks
PzvYmxCmy2A-00471-00094375-00094743 that big i don't look like a double x
PzvYmxCmy2A-00472-00094744-00094879 there's a lot of people out there that
PzvYmxCmy2A-00473-00094880-00095023 would be able to fit this and i think
PzvYmxCmy2A-00474-00095024-00095223 that they need to expand on their sizes
PzvYmxCmy2A-00475-00095224-00095543 just slightly they have a pink tie dye
PzvYmxCmy2A-00476-00095544-00095767 as well and it's
PzvYmxCmy2A-00477-00095768-00095959 so cute but they didn't have my size so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00478-00095960-00096087 i think one of the big things that i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00479-00096088-00096223 would say is like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00480-00096224-00096431 um this one would probably be a 10 out
PzvYmxCmy2A-00481-00096432-00096694 of 10 bottom if they had it in xxl
PzvYmxCmy2A-00482-00096695-00096935 honestly it's really cute um these are
PzvYmxCmy2A-00483-00096936-00097206 more for looks the little scrunch
PzvYmxCmy2A-00484-00097207-00097350 it doesn't really do anything on this
PzvYmxCmy2A-00485-00097351-00097543 one but because it is like a one size
PzvYmxCmy2A-00486-00097544-00097767 fits all like kind of
PzvYmxCmy2A-00487-00097768-00097982 like there's no adjustments on it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00488-00097983-00098143 like you can't mess with it very much
PzvYmxCmy2A-00489-00098144-00098287 you'd have to get the right size the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00490-00098288-00098518 first time so this one's called the read
PzvYmxCmy2A-00491-00098519-00098718 bottom and it's in just the blue tie dye
PzvYmxCmy2A-00492-00098719-00098855 so when you go on their site you can
PzvYmxCmy2A-00493-00098856-00099015 find it but
PzvYmxCmy2A-00494-00099016-00099191 yeah like i feel like a large would fit
PzvYmxCmy2A-00495-00099192-00099359 a lot of people that i know it just
PzvYmxCmy2A-00496-00099360-00099535 wouldn't fit me
PzvYmxCmy2A-00497-00099536-00099694 and my body type and anyone that's
PzvYmxCmy2A-00498-00099695-00099823 bigger than me i feel like it wouldn't
PzvYmxCmy2A-00499-00099824-00100047 fit um and if you have a tummy like me i
PzvYmxCmy2A-00500-00100048-00100174 would not recommend this one because it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00501-00100175-00100415 literally hangs out if you have a tummy
PzvYmxCmy2A-00502-00100416-00100655 i would recommend this one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00503-00100656-00100943 over the others but honestly
PzvYmxCmy2A-00504-00100944-00101191 i'm very picky with swimsuits so it's
PzvYmxCmy2A-00505-00101192-00101343 kind of hard because i want to buy
PzvYmxCmy2A-00506-00101344-00101518 something to spend my money on things
PzvYmxCmy2A-00507-00101519-00101718 that are worth it and i feel like if
PzvYmxCmy2A-00508-00101719-00101967 they had it if they had this read one in
PzvYmxCmy2A-00509-00101968-00102150 a double x i would be the first person
PzvYmxCmy2A-00510-00102151-00102391 to buy it but because their sizing is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00511-00102392-00102566 not that great
PzvYmxCmy2A-00512-00102567-00102734 i have it in a large
PzvYmxCmy2A-00513-00102735-00102894 if i lose weight eventually i could
PzvYmxCmy2A-00514-00102895-00103175 probably use it but um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00515-00103176-00103327 if you're on a budget i would highly
PzvYmxCmy2A-00516-00103328-00103502 recommend to
PzvYmxCmy2A-00517-00103503-00103678 do your research figure out which one's
PzvYmxCmy2A-00518-00103679-00103863 gonna work for you because if you're
PzvYmxCmy2A-00519-00103864-00104086 buying it online like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00520-00104088-00104334 it's such a struggle and i feel like the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00521-00104335-00104630 bottoms are very finicky and i feel like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00522-00104631-00104871 the solid color this one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00523-00104872-00105015 you definitely want to be aware of the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00524-00105016-00105215 fact that it's really silky and nice and
PzvYmxCmy2A-00525-00105216-00105463 good it feels great but
PzvYmxCmy2A-00526-00105464-00105607 you know if you have perky boobs it'll
PzvYmxCmy2A-00527-00105608-00105815 be a really good fit for you if you have
PzvYmxCmy2A-00528-00105816-00106054 saggier ones like mine then the back
PzvYmxCmy2A-00529-00106055-00106207 will be up higher so you just want to
PzvYmxCmy2A-00530-00106208-00106447 think about that the tie guy
PzvYmxCmy2A-00531-00106448-00106702 um all the tie-dye stuff seems to feel
PzvYmxCmy2A-00532-00106703-00106927 like it's all the same material
PzvYmxCmy2A-00533-00106928-00107375 and it says that it is 83 nylon 17
PzvYmxCmy2A-00534-00107376-00107558 spandex for the tie guy
PzvYmxCmy2A-00535-00107559-00107807 let's see if the read is also the same
PzvYmxCmy2A-00536-00107808-00107943 because it's tie-dye
PzvYmxCmy2A-00537-00107944-00108190 yep and then this one
PzvYmxCmy2A-00538-00108191-00108319 says
PzvYmxCmy2A-00539-00108320-00108527 that the fabric is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00540-00108528-00108871 85 nylon and 15 spandex so that two
PzvYmxCmy2A-00541-00108872-00109054 percent makes a really big difference so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00542-00109055-00109239 if you're looking into it just know the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00543-00109240-00109471 tie-dye does feel a little bit thicker
PzvYmxCmy2A-00544-00109472-00109663 it's less soft but it feels really good
PzvYmxCmy2A-00545-00109664-00109886 at the same time this top is very
PzvYmxCmy2A-00546-00109888-00110110 flattering so i am going to say this top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00547-00110111-00110223 is something that i would pack on
PzvYmxCmy2A-00548-00110224-00110407 vacation but i would not wear it to the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00549-00110408-00110575 beach or in the sun because i just feel
PzvYmxCmy2A-00550-00110576-00110654 like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00551-00110655-00110766 it would be
PzvYmxCmy2A-00552-00110767-00110966 like i would get a farmer's tan with
PzvYmxCmy2A-00553-00110967-00111215 that being said though i definitely plan
PzvYmxCmy2A-00554-00111216-00111486 on wearing all of these if i can the
PzvYmxCmy2A-00555-00111488-00111743 bottoms that do not fit me
PzvYmxCmy2A-00556-00111744-00111863 maybe eventually i'll be able to lose
PzvYmxCmy2A-00557-00111864-00111990 weight and wear them
PzvYmxCmy2A-00558-00111991-00112190 but i do think that this is a pretty
PzvYmxCmy2A-00559-00112191-00112454 expensive brand so if you are not able
PzvYmxCmy2A-00560-00112455-00112647 to afford it there are other
PzvYmxCmy2A-00561-00112648-00112871 alternatives if you are someone that is
PzvYmxCmy2A-00562-00112872-00112983 trying to find something that's gonna
PzvYmxCmy2A-00563-00112983-00113199 work do not settle on sizing down
PzvYmxCmy2A-00564-00113200-00113327 because this stuff is not gonna be
PzvYmxCmy2A-00565-00113328-00113534 flattering it's not gonna look cute
PzvYmxCmy2A-00566-00113535-00113734 so do your actual size if you're
PzvYmxCmy2A-00567-00113735-00113839 watching this and you're like i'm
PzvYmxCmy2A-00568-00113840-00114015 definitely an xl like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00569-00114016-00114166 don't buy something in a large because
PzvYmxCmy2A-00570-00114167-00114319 you're not gonna feel comfortable in it
PzvYmxCmy2A-00571-00114320-00114471 honestly because it's gonna snug you
PzvYmxCmy2A-00572-00114472-00114607 like a little caterpillar and then suck
PzvYmxCmy2A-00573-00114608-00114727 you in and then give you those love
PzvYmxCmy2A-00574-00114728-00114895 handles and like
PzvYmxCmy2A-00575-00114896-00115071 it's just not gonna hug you in the right
PzvYmxCmy2A-00576-00115072-00115383 places so if i could rate
PzvYmxCmy2A-00577-00115383-00115671 my favorite would be this top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00578-00115672-00115943 second favorite would be this top
PzvYmxCmy2A-00579-00115944-00116127 and then third favorite would be this
PzvYmxCmy2A-00580-00116128-00116302 top i really love this pattern i just
PzvYmxCmy2A-00581-00116303-00116447 wish they had it in
PzvYmxCmy2A-00582-00116448-00116607 um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00583-00116608-00116766 maybe some different styles i'm not
PzvYmxCmy2A-00584-00116767-00116999 really sure but i love the color
PzvYmxCmy2A-00585-00117000-00117263 they just have a lot in excel so
PzvYmxCmy2A-00586-00117264-00117502 when it comes to bottoms i really love
PzvYmxCmy2A-00587-00117503-00117607 um
PzvYmxCmy2A-00588-00117608-00117807 the read bottoms if they were two sizes
PzvYmxCmy2A-00589-00117808-00118015 up that would be my number one and then
PzvYmxCmy2A-00590-00118016-00118239 the tasha bottom which actually does go
PzvYmxCmy2A-00591-00118240-00118486 with this so there there are sets that
PzvYmxCmy2A-00592-00118488-00118790 you can buy um i definitely do not fit
PzvYmxCmy2A-00593-00118791-00119015 the larges the way that i want to as you
PzvYmxCmy2A-00594-00119016-00119190 can see on the video but the extra
PzvYmxCmy2A-00595-00119191-00119691 larges seem to be much more fitting
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00000-00000509-00001086 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00001-00001087-00001776 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00002-00001777-00003146 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00003-00003147-00003847 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00004-00003847-00004104 uh
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00005-00004105-00006678 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00006-00006679-00007398 okay
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00007-00007400-00008663 wow
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00008-00008664-00009009 wow
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00009-00009010-00010309 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00010-00010310-00011010 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00011-00011011-00011503 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00012-00011504-00013269 oh
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00013-00013271-00014847 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00014-00014847-00015560 uh
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00015-00015561-00016627 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00016-00016628-00018886 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00017-00018887-00020291 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00018-00020292-00020983 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00019-00020984-00022086 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00020-00022087-00022206 hello
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00021-00022207-00022890 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00022-00022891-00023756 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00023-00023757-00024299 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00024-00024300-00025519 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00025-00025520-00025622 hey
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00026-00025623-00026279 how you mean to me about me
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00027-00026280-00026495 full time
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00028-00026495-00027207 full time
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00029-00027208-00028807 hmm
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00030-00028808-00030374 oh
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00031-00030375-00031514 them
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00032-00031514-00031902 [Laughter]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00034-00034972-00035087 [Music]
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00035-00035088-00037879 drink
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00036-00037880-00039183 do
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00037-00039184-00040639 everybody
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00038-00040640-00041911 oh
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00039-00041912-00043483 because i don't do it
PzQsNkz9wAQ-00041-00047687-00047919 good
P_6MFih5ALM-00002-00007290-00007967 yo is still boy just Eman and brought to
P_6MFih5ALM-00003-00007968-00008844 you live on Twitch boy alright for this
P_6MFih5ALM-00004-00008845-00009149 gameplay here I will be demonstrating
P_6MFih5ALM-00005-00009150-00009455 the difficult the difficulty levels on
P_6MFih5ALM-00006-00009456-00009680 here so right now I would be going to
P_6MFih5ALM-00007-00009681-00010035 newbie so right now they're carrying
P_6MFih5ALM-00008-00010036-00010233 carrying all my keyblades and selfie
P_6MFih5ALM-00009-00010234-00010549 poses on to the next which is decent
P_6MFih5ALM-00010-00010550-00010866 they won't used to like my save slot
P_6MFih5ALM-00011-00010867-00011085 which I'm going to select the one that I
P_6MFih5ALM-00012-00011086-00011238 brought it with me first
P_6MFih5ALM-00013-00011239-00011660 these are two of these two the same
P_6MFih5ALM-00014-00011661-00011916 actually so right now I was planning to
P_6MFih5ALM-00015-00011917-00012239 stay in a mode for my I dare game
P_6MFih5ALM-00016-00012240-00012728 release gameplay sessions only
P_6MFih5ALM-00017-00012729-00013321 passed away probably not too soon
P_6MFih5ALM-00018-00013322-00013588 soon that decision
P_6MFih5ALM-00019-00013590-00013799 but right now you gotta skip probably
P_6MFih5ALM-00020-00013800-00014294 goes seasick promise to cut it easy
P_6MFih5ALM-00021-00014294-00014641 but critical
P_6MFih5ALM-00022-00014643-00014986 it's really hard sleight few hits you
P_6MFih5ALM-00023-00014987-00015025 did
P_6MFih5ALM-00024-00015026-00015211 [Applause]
P_6MFih5ALM-00025-00015212-00015471 so I've liked
P_6MFih5ALM-00026-00015472-00016059 for this light for my Astro series my
P_6MFih5ALM-00027-00016060-00016353 channel for this for this gameplay I'm
P_6MFih5ALM-00028-00016354-00016494 not gonna make it that long because I
P_6MFih5ALM-00029-00016495-00016689 know I'm for a fact I'm gonna be dying a
P_6MFih5ALM-00030-00016690-00016731 lot
P_6MFih5ALM-00031-00016732-00016920 yeah I want to see a person die a lot
P_6MFih5ALM-00032-00016921-00017166 because they rage a lot so we're not
P_6MFih5ALM-00033-00017167-00017232 gonna do that
P_6MFih5ALM-00034-00017233-00017490 you're gonna have probably like a few
P_6MFih5ALM-00035-00017491-00017976 episodes and then that's all so let's
P_6MFih5ALM-00036-00017977-00018146 test it out shall we
P_6MFih5ALM-00037-00018147-00018512 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00038-00018513-00018692 justice lawyer into the brightness of
P_6MFih5ALM-00039-00018693-00019165 the picture blobby said to comfort that
P_6MFih5ALM-00040-00019166-00019811 sometimes it doesn't really matter I'm
P_6MFih5ALM-00041-00019812-00019916 leaving it here
P_6MFih5ALM-00042-00019917-00020636 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00043-00020637-00020907 hope you enjoy I might be a knight I
P_6MFih5ALM-00044-00020908-00021228 might not be talking a lot here but you
P_6MFih5ALM-00045-00021229-00021639 know because the game explains it so and
P_6MFih5ALM-00046-00021640-00021774 if you're not familiar with King of
P_6MFih5ALM-00047-00021775-00022026 Hearts um go back to all my previous
P_6MFih5ALM-00048-00022027-00022284 videos in you know I guess playing as
P_6MFih5ALM-00049-00022285-00022644 much as I can on there but I won't be
P_6MFih5ALM-00050-00022645-00022833 talking like this is literally my first
P_6MFih5ALM-00051-00022834-00023118 video my first time up having a voice
P_6MFih5ALM-00052-00023119-00023562 over for my gameplay so I just really
P_6MFih5ALM-00053-00023563-00023724 hope you guys like it you know if I do
P_6MFih5ALM-00054-00023725-00023961 need to adjust anything on my you know
P_6MFih5ALM-00055-00023962-00024333 either my audio my volume the game value
P_6MFih5ALM-00056-00024334-00024651 all that you can just post it into the
P_6MFih5ALM-00058-00030657-00030917 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00059-00030918-00031142 have you heard of the ancient Keyblade
P_6MFih5ALM-00060-00031143-00032101 war huh of course I have long ago
P_6MFih5ALM-00061-00032102-00032366 Keyblade wielders waged a war over the
P_6MFih5ALM-00062-00032367-00032849 ownership of light yeah the Masters
P_6MFih5ALM-00063-00032850-00033280 favorite story
P_6MFih5ALM-00064-00033281-00033508 I wonder what they planned on doing with
P_6MFih5ALM-00065-00033509-00034083 Kingdom Hearts after making it appear
P_6MFih5ALM-00066-00034084-00034437 who knows I don't get why anyone would
P_6MFih5ALM-00067-00034438-00035056 initiate a war so you know the lost
P_6MFih5ALM-00068-00035057-00035821 masters who they're the ones who started
P_6MFih5ALM-00069-00035822-00036362 the Keyblade war never heard of them
P_6MFih5ALM-00070-00036363-00036949 where'd you hear about that or they're
P_6MFih5ALM-00071-00036950-00037477 the ones for whom the war started I'm
P_6MFih5ALM-00072-00037478-00037921 not following you you can drop the
P_6MFih5ALM-00073-00037922-00038545 facade facade on that land shall
P_6MFih5ALM-00074-00038546-00038913 darkness prevail and light expire a
P_6MFih5ALM-00075-00038914-00039162 prospective Keyblade master should know
P_6MFih5ALM-00076-00039163-00039564 this if you say so
P_6MFih5ALM-00077-00039565-00039840 the gazing eye sees the fate of the
P_6MFih5ALM-00078-00039841-00040303 world the future it's already been
P_6MFih5ALM-00079-00040304-00040521 written
P_6MFih5ALM-00080-00040522-00040926 really I'm not so sure about that
P_6MFih5ALM-00081-00040927-00041200 besides who's to say I can't change it
P_6MFih5ALM-00082-00041201-00041719 and maybe light will prevail pretty
P_6MFih5ALM-00083-00041720-00042171 confident but things aren't in your
P_6MFih5ALM-00084-00042172-00042336 favor
P_6MFih5ALM-00085-00042337-00042634 perhaps but unlike darkness that is more
P_6MFih5ALM-00086-00042635-00042864 light than meets the eye
P_6MFih5ALM-00087-00042865-00043383 you might be surprised
P_6MFih5ALM-00089-00055157-00056366 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00090-00056366-00056563 yep
P_6MFih5ALM-00091-00056564-00057320 yes
P_6MFih5ALM-00092-00057321-00057800 yep
P_6MFih5ALM-00094-00061390-00063929 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00095-00063929-00064605 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00096-00064607-00064705 yeah
P_6MFih5ALM-00097-00064707-00064971 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00098-00064972-00065348 yes
P_6MFih5ALM-00099-00065349-00067182 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00100-00067183-00068500 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00102-00072357-00073549 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00103-00073550-00076220 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00104-00076221-00076880 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00105-00076881-00077391 d see this is what I'm talking about I'm
P_6MFih5ALM-00106-00077392-00078142 gonna be down to my second choice
P_6MFih5ALM-00108-00082269-00083828 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00109-00083829-00085643 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00110-00085644-00085786 yes
P_6MFih5ALM-00111-00085787-00087125 they're almost there yes
P_6MFih5ALM-00112-00087126-00088473 okay in order to defeat Sayer not that
P_6MFih5ALM-00113-00088474-00088845 our allies we must gather acting now to
P_6MFih5ALM-00114-00088846-00089148 rouse them from their slumber we have
P_6MFih5ALM-00115-00089149-00089532 discussed this before sora ooh your mark
P_6MFih5ALM-00116-00089533-00089817 of mastery exam was conducted in the
P_6MFih5ALM-00117-00089818-00090024 hopes you would acquire the power to
P_6MFih5ALM-00118-00090025-00090423 wake them however the darkness nearly
P_6MFih5ALM-00119-00090424-00090705 took control of you and your grasp of
P_6MFih5ALM-00120-00090706-00090942 your new abilities leaves much to be
P_6MFih5ALM-00121-00090943-00091382 desired furthermore Zainul nearly made
P_6MFih5ALM-00122-00091383-00091635 you his vessel and in the process
P_6MFih5ALM-00123-00091636-00091863 stripped you of most of the power you
P_6MFih5ALM-00124-00091864-00092235 had gained by then I suspect you have
P_6MFih5ALM-00125-00092236-00092664 already noticed this correct but first
P_6MFih5ALM-00126-00092665-00092969 you must regain all the strength you
P_6MFih5ALM-00127-00092970-00093309 have lost perhaps it is foolish to
P_6MFih5ALM-00128-00093310-00093621 expect a complete recovery but it is
P_6MFih5ALM-00129-00093622-00093879 absolutely vital you perfect one power
P_6MFih5ALM-00130-00093880-00094242 the power of waking which you failed to
P_6MFih5ALM-00131-00094243-00094623 master during your exam there's someone
P_6MFih5ALM-00132-00094624-00094854 who lost his strength and found it again
P_6MFih5ALM-00133-00094855-00095181 a true hero to whom you ought to pay a
P_6MFih5ALM-00134-00095182-00096372 visit point you in the you can tell us
P_6MFih5ALM-00135-00096373-00096531 to take care of Sora
P_6MFih5ALM-00136-00096532-00096765 I would have it no other way
P_6MFih5ALM-00137-00096766-00097587 I put soda in your head oh this is gonna
P_6MFih5ALM-00138-00097588-00097728 be lots of fun
P_6MFih5ALM-00139-00097729-00100368 it's not a vacation let's go how are we
P_6MFih5ALM-00140-00100369-00101010 supposed to get there now right looks
P_6MFih5ALM-00141-00101011-00101219 like all the old highways are closed
P_6MFih5ALM-00142-00101220-00101487 didn't master yen SID say that so I
P_6MFih5ALM-00143-00101488-00101679 should trust the guidance his heart
P_6MFih5ALM-00144-00101680-00102924 gives give me a break
P_6MFih5ALM-00145-00102925-00103418 I'm trying these things take time well
P_6MFih5ALM-00146-00103419-00103655 since we've already been before why
P_6MFih5ALM-00147-00103656-00103854 don't you try picturing our friends like
P_6MFih5ALM-00148-00103855-00104535 we're there
P_6MFih5ALM-00149-00104536-00104954 Wow sorry I got nothing what did you
P_6MFih5ALM-00150-00104955-00105097 expect
P_6MFih5ALM-00151-00105098-00105510 may your heart be your guiding key huh
P_6MFih5ALM-00152-00105511-00105893 what's that Master yen said always said
P_6MFih5ALM-00153-00105894-00106145 that right before we went off on any of
P_6MFih5ALM-00154-00106146-00106513 our real important adventures really
P_6MFih5ALM-00155-00106514-00107300 ring a bell maybe I just imagined it may
P_6MFih5ALM-00156-00107301-00108033 my heart be my guiding key
P_6MFih5ALM-00157-00108034-00108318 I got it
P_6MFih5ALM-00158-00108319-00109426 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00159-00109427-00110011 oh right Olympus Coliseum here we come
P_6MFih5ALM-00160-00110013-00110649 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00161-00110650-00112399 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00162-00112400-00112814 at long last the time had come the
P_6MFih5ALM-00163-00112815-00113035 planets were edging into perfect
P_6MFih5ALM-00164-00113036-00113126 alignment
P_6MFih5ALM-00165-00113127-00113543 and the plan Hades devised - 18 years
P_6MFih5ALM-00166-00113544-00113945 ago was about to reach fruition the
P_6MFih5ALM-00167-00113946-00114229 fates had predicted this very future the
P_6MFih5ALM-00168-00114230-00114440 day he would seize control of Olympus
P_6MFih5ALM-00169-00114441-00114881 and rule over all the cosmos Hades
P_6MFih5ALM-00170-00114882-00115226 previous attempts using Tara cloud and
P_6MFih5ALM-00171-00115227-00115483 Oran to advance his plans for conquest
P_6MFih5ALM-00172-00115484-00115899 had failed the hour was not yet right
P_6MFih5ALM-00173-00115900-00116032 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00174-00116033-00116353 but now the planets were aligned and
P_6MFih5ALM-00175-00116354-00116560 nothing could possibly go wrong
P_6MFih5ALM-00176-00116561-00117050 a wave of Darkness slants down from
P_6MFih5ALM-00177-00117051-00117391 their celestial rank one by one Hades
P_6MFih5ALM-00178-00117392-00117746 freed the Titans from their prison some
P_6MFih5ALM-00179-00117747-00117956 of them the same monstrosity z' that
P_6MFih5ALM-00180-00117957-00118202 Sora and his friends had already Fuss
P_6MFih5ALM-00181-00118203-00118453 invested before
P_6MFih5ALM-00182-00118454-00118690 with both the Titans and his longing for
P_6MFih5ALM-00183-00118691-00118956 vengeance against Zeus reinvigorated
P_6MFih5ALM-00184-00118957-00119304 Hades began his attack on Olympus
P_6MFih5ALM-00185-00119305-00121546 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00186-00121547-00122166 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00187-00122167-00122358 huh
P_6MFih5ALM-00188-00122359-00122925 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00189-00122926-00123650 no fanfare
P_6MFih5ALM-00190-00123651-00124264 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00191-00124265-00124974 No looks like we missed the Colosseum
P_6MFih5ALM-00192-00124975-00125479 yeah it was a little off again sorry
P_6MFih5ALM-00193-00125480-00126544 we'll find him but we need to go yeah up
P_6MFih5ALM-00194-00126545-00126976 is the usual direction we'll never hurts
P_6MFih5ALM-00195-00126977-00127299 to have your head in the clouds
P_6MFih5ALM-00196-00127300-00128170 exactly hey we're leaving
P_6MFih5ALM-00197-00128171-00129454 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00198-00129455-00130165 yeah again already miss everything
P_6MFih5ALM-00199-00130166-00132990 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00200-00132991-00133626 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00201-00133627-00135611 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00202-00135612-00136434 okay you just walk
P_6MFih5ALM-00203-00136435-00137795 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00204-00137796-00138188 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00205-00138189-00139021 Oh merch I can use all my year course
P_6MFih5ALM-00206-00139022-00140500 it's gonna be really easy
P_6MFih5ALM-00207-00140501-00141047 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00208-00141048-00141340 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00209-00141341-00141596 if I'm alone dirty boy
P_6MFih5ALM-00210-00141597-00142009 make it their hobby
P_6MFih5ALM-00211-00142010-00143915 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00212-00143916-00144690 everything is just nice like that
P_6MFih5ALM-00213-00144691-00146363 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00214-00146364-00147697 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00215-00147698-00147926 yeah
P_6MFih5ALM-00216-00147927-00148636 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00217-00148637-00148841 Miss Kitty
P_6MFih5ALM-00218-00148842-00149577 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00219-00149578-00149768 yeah
P_6MFih5ALM-00220-00149769-00150732 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00221-00150733-00152490 yeah
P_6MFih5ALM-00222-00152491-00152682 well I think we might be going in
P_6MFih5ALM-00223-00152683-00153417 circles hmm did I make a turn at the
P_6MFih5ALM-00224-00153418-00154239 wrong rock hey Hercules where are you
P_6MFih5ALM-00225-00154240-00154467 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00226-00154468-00154521 [Applause]
P_6MFih5ALM-00227-00154522-00157287 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00228-00157288-00157552 all right I know I doubted my eyes
P_6MFih5ALM-00229-00157553-00158026 crossed my g0 the hero so what gives who
P_6MFih5ALM-00230-00158027-00158179 could possibly be trying to give me a
P_6MFih5ALM-00231-00158180-00158736 migraine my yodeling that gets his name
P_6MFih5ALM-00232-00158737-00159235 really 80s yeah that's just you okay
P_6MFih5ALM-00233-00159236-00159586 it's just us even for you that's cold
P_6MFih5ALM-00234-00159587-00159877 don't forget I can always turn up the
P_6MFih5ALM-00235-00159878-00159934 heat
P_6MFih5ALM-00236-00159935-00160268 wait if Hades is here then where's her
P_6MFih5ALM-00237-00160269-00160483 what is everyone's infatuation with that
P_6MFih5ALM-00238-00160484-00160951 stop you know what never mind never run
P_6MFih5ALM-00239-00160952-00161081 it I'm cool I'm good
P_6MFih5ALM-00240-00161082-00161287 because Wonder Boy I'll be out of my
P_6MFih5ALM-00241-00161288-00161509 hair soon enough so you're up to no good
P_6MFih5ALM-00242-00161510-00161578 again
P_6MFih5ALM-00243-00161579-00162143 of course the years wait Oh easy what is
P_6MFih5ALM-00244-00162144-00162457 this Marta kind of on a schedule don't
P_6MFih5ALM-00245-00162458-00162622 have time to toss around the old fire
P_6MFih5ALM-00246-00162623-00162925 and brimstone the whole cosmos is
P_6MFih5ALM-00247-00162926-00163072 basically waiting for me to you know
P_6MFih5ALM-00248-00163073-00163711 conquer it poor Hades he thinks he can
P_6MFih5ALM-00249-00163712-00163971 actually pull it off this time
P_6MFih5ALM-00250-00163972-00165344 where are my Titans show me your power
P_6MFih5ALM-00251-00165345-00167377 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00252-00167378-00168198 Oh
P_6MFih5ALM-00253-00168199-00168451 ah
P_6MFih5ALM-00254-00168452-00169170 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00255-00169171-00170337 that said I'm sailing
P_6MFih5ALM-00256-00170338-00171122 sailing right to where I left no biggie
P_6MFih5ALM-00257-00171123-00171333 nice work boys
P_6MFih5ALM-00258-00171334-00172627 so back to the whole cosmic coup thing
P_6MFih5ALM-00259-00172628-00172971 really are you Kelly geez Louise
P_6MFih5ALM-00260-00172972-00173331 seriously when it rains it pours okay
P_6MFih5ALM-00261-00173332-00173685 who's the new pest me now daddy no way
P_6MFih5ALM-00262-00173686-00173910 to say low especially to your old
P_6MFih5ALM-00263-00173911-00174432 friends ah perfect now I gotta put up
P_6MFih5ALM-00264-00174433-00174533 with you too
P_6MFih5ALM-00265-00174534-00174798 funny I don't remember you doing me any
P_6MFih5ALM-00266-00174799-00175083 memorable favors so you can keep your
P_6MFih5ALM-00267-00175084-00175289 heartless this time I'm going back to my
P_6MFih5ALM-00268-00175290-00175622 original plan all right so Tolu
P_6MFih5ALM-00269-00175623-00175932 existence is that way hey what's great
P_6MFih5ALM-00270-00175933-00176532 senior happy true we are not here for
P_6MFih5ALM-00271-00176533-00176921 you I have my own business to attend to
P_6MFih5ALM-00272-00176922-00177225 all I need to know is if there is a
P_6MFih5ALM-00273-00177226-00177663 distinctive black box somewhere in this
P_6MFih5ALM-00274-00177664-00178509 world black box huh hmm box by box black
P_6MFih5ALM-00275-00178510-00179013 box hmm wait don't tell me you're after
P_6MFih5ALM-00276-00179014-00179457 the one Zuse hit on earth possibly if I
P_6MFih5ALM-00278-00182671-00184120 whew
P_6MFih5ALM-00279-00184121-00185852 see found him you know guess this counts
P_6MFih5ALM-00280-00185853-00186327 you guys are here Sora Donald goofy you
P_6MFih5ALM-00281-00186328-00186571 literally dropped in gotta say I'm
P_6MFih5ALM-00282-00186572-00186975 impressed flaps like the catch
P_6MFih5ALM-00283-00186976-00188215 yeah thanks Herc but what's going on
P_6MFih5ALM-00284-00188216-00188713 take a guess starts with an H ah I get
P_6MFih5ALM-00285-00188714-00188829 the picture
P_6MFih5ALM-00286-00188830-00189076 actually we bumped into the H star on
P_6MFih5ALM-00287-00189077-00189406 the way here he said something about
P_6MFih5ALM-00288-00189407-00189796 conquering the whole cosmos all of it
P_6MFih5ALM-00289-00189797-00190003 huh nice of him to show a little
P_6MFih5ALM-00290-00190004-00190318 self-restraint well whatever he's
P_6MFih5ALM-00291-00190319-00190507 planning I'll send him running back
P_6MFih5ALM-00292-00190508-00190716 across the Styx
P_6MFih5ALM-00293-00190717-00191148 that's our Herc
P_6MFih5ALM-00294-00191149-00193682 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00295-00193683-00195833 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00296-00195834-00195938 thank you
P_6MFih5ALM-00297-00195939-00196674 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00298-00196675-00197351 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00299-00197352-00198731 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00300-00198732-00199247 using his difficulty love Leonardo
P_6MFih5ALM-00301-00199248-00199762 a lot of items I work your butt off so
P_6MFih5ALM-00302-00199763-00200042 Sora is there a reason you guys are
P_6MFih5ALM-00303-00200043-00200387 visiting I'm guessing it's not just for
P_6MFih5ALM-00304-00200388-00200774 the cheese in olives oh yeah it sounds
P_6MFih5ALM-00305-00200775-00201254 like somebody forgot where I just took
P_6MFih5ALM-00306-00201255-00201698 my time remembering Herc I came here so
P_6MFih5ALM-00307-00201699-00202151 I could ask you something ask me yeah do
P_6MFih5ALM-00308-00202152-00202289 you remember the last time we were
P_6MFih5ALM-00309-00202290-00202633 together you were feeling down and out
P_6MFih5ALM-00310-00202634-00202889 how did you get your strength back
P_6MFih5ALM-00311-00202890-00203293 when you jumped in and saved Meg oh
P_6MFih5ALM-00312-00203294-00203792 that's tough all I know is that she was
P_6MFih5ALM-00313-00203793-00203875 in trouble
P_6MFih5ALM-00314-00203876-00204167 suddenly I wanted to save her with all
P_6MFih5ALM-00315-00204168-00204503 my heart but it's not like I could tell
P_6MFih5ALM-00316-00204504-00205052 you how oh man what's wrong all my
P_6MFih5ALM-00317-00205053-00205373 strength is gone from me too that's why
P_6MFih5ALM-00318-00205373-00205613 I need you because I was hoping you
P_6MFih5ALM-00319-00205614-00205928 might have a solution or something I'm
P_6MFih5ALM-00320-00205929-00206570 sorry sir
P_6MFih5ALM-00321-00206571-00207721 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00322-00207723-00207917 let's talk later
P_6MFih5ALM-00323-00207919-00208539 right once we dealt with these guys
P_6MFih5ALM-00324-00208540-00211244 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00326-00214484-00215926 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00327-00215927-00216478 Hercules
P_6MFih5ALM-00328-00216479-00217001 you're okay make why that didn't look so
P_6MFih5ALM-00329-00217002-00217358 fun no not with the Heartless involved
P_6MFih5ALM-00330-00217359-00217606 we're just lucky our friends showed up
P_6MFih5ALM-00331-00217607-00217835 well what do you know
P_6MFih5ALM-00332-00217836-00218246 Sora Donald goofy gonna guess I owe you
P_6MFih5ALM-00333-00218246-00218621 a big thank you Meg you need to stay
P_6MFih5ALM-00334-00218621-00218876 someplace safe we'll search the city and
P_6MFih5ALM-00335-00218877-00219094 make sure everyone manages to get clear
P_6MFih5ALM-00336-00219096-00219467 of the fire be careful Wonder Boy
P_6MFih5ALM-00337-00219467-00220198 I will so you guys in of course we're in
P_6MFih5ALM-00338-00220198-00221027 mm-hmm break a leg then heroes hmm Phil
P_6MFih5ALM-00339-00221028-00221973 you should go with Meg
P_6MFih5ALM-00340-00221973-00222164 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00341-00222165-00223848 you got to keep her safe
P_6MFih5ALM-00342-00223850-00224615 hi hmm my hero boys from which way over
P_6MFih5ALM-00343-00224616-00225946 that way oh no his no there's a little
P_6MFih5ALM-00344-00225948-00226325 girl caught in the fire let's go wait
P_6MFih5ALM-00345-00226326-00226715 runnings too slow then what's the other
P_6MFih5ALM-00346-00226716-00227905 choice hmm get on that
P_6MFih5ALM-00347-00227906-00228271 oops Oh like this
P_6MFih5ALM-00349-00231351-00231992 for saving me yeah no prob we better
P_6MFih5ALM-00350-00231992-00232354 check and see if anyone else needs us
P_6MFih5ALM-00351-00232355-00232915 well if it isn't Sol and the Kings pawns
P_6MFih5ALM-00352-00232916-00233033 Maleficent
P_6MFih5ALM-00353-00233034-00233348 Pete are you the reason that heartless
P_6MFih5ALM-00354-00233348-00234077 are here certainly not say Maleficent I
P_6MFih5ALM-00355-00234078-00234362 don't know about his sidekicks but kid
P_6MFih5ALM-00356-00234363-00234598 keep later here looks way purer than the
P_6MFih5ALM-00357-00234600-00234941 last time we saw him I say we finish him
P_6MFih5ALM-00358-00234942-00235135 off while we still can
P_6MFih5ALM-00359-00235136-00235388 waste no time with the boy
P_6MFih5ALM-00360-00235389-00235676 he's inconsequential we have a far more
P_6MFih5ALM-00361-00235677-00236244 pressing matter to attend to
P_6MFih5ALM-00362-00236246-00236671 we got to find that black box be silent
P_6MFih5ALM-00363-00236673-00236773 you fool
P_6MFih5ALM-00364-00236775-00237217 hmm as for you three we shall meet again
P_6MFih5ALM-00365-00237217-00237578 when I have time for such trifles yeah
P_6MFih5ALM-00366-00237579-00237782 and you just better get your wrap
P_6MFih5ALM-00367-00237783-00239142 together before then later twerps wait
P_6MFih5ALM-00368-00239142-00239753 it's fine I can take it the war
P_6MFih5ALM-00369-00239754-00240092 sure don't sound like it did Pete saying
P_6MFih5ALM-00370-00240094-00240503 mean things bother ya it's fine I can
P_6MFih5ALM-00371-00240504-00241058 take it straight boy we know you you can
P_6MFih5ALM-00372-00241059-00241379 take it don't say that
P_6MFih5ALM-00374-00245231-00245669 yeah
P_6MFih5ALM-00375-00245671-00246110 yeah
P_6MFih5ALM-00376-00246111-00247551 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00377-00247552-00249219 brought the rice over all my guys this
P_6MFih5ALM-00378-00249221-00249555 is all talking about die so many time
P_6MFih5ALM-00379-00249556-00250054 I'm up a pair of each I prepare and die
P_6MFih5ALM-00380-00250055-00251362 again
P_6MFih5ALM-00381-00251363-00252294 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00382-00252296-00253814 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00383-00253815-00254819 are you serious this is obvious go what
P_6MFih5ALM-00384-00254821-00255966 time entering in this video
P_6MFih5ALM-00385-00255967-00256994 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00386-00256994-00257951 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00387-00257952-00258079 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00388-00258080-00260009 I'm done I'm done good not prepared
P_6MFih5ALM-00389-00260010-00261053 I just did some dumb
P_6MFih5ALM-00390-00261054-00261513 this is a fishing the last time
P_6MFih5ALM-00391-00261514-00263004 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00392-00263005-00264173 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00393-00264174-00265746 [Music]
P_6MFih5ALM-00394-00265747-00266010 all right I just I gotta leave okay we
P_6MFih5ALM-00395-00266011-00266149 just started come on he doesn't listen
P_6MFih5ALM-00396-00266150-00266437 there's a lot to see in this life not
P_6MFih5ALM-00397-00266438-00267008 wasting it here
P_6MFih5ALM-00399-00270842-00271035 not a funny thing about this this wasn't
P_6MFih5ALM-00400-00271036-00271155 even the worst part
P_6MFih5ALM-00401-00271156-00271468 there are harder and harder bosses on
P_6MFih5ALM-00402-00271469-00273097 you yeah I'm gonna save it I like it you
P_6MFih5ALM-00403-00273098-00273489 guys want me to katene playing this one
P_6MFih5ALM-00404-00273490-00273964 either likes or yep using this Vaughn
P_6MFih5ALM-00405-00273965-00274172 based off you the reviews or the like
P_6MFih5ALM-00406-00274173-00274635 will however be out warning come down
P_6MFih5ALM-00407-00274636-00275368 below which I want I decide to do I can
P_6MFih5ALM-00408-00275369-00275695 nearly see how people just you throw the
P_6MFih5ALM-00409-00275696-00275917 controllers it gets the wall after dying
P_6MFih5ALM-00410-00275918-00276322 so many times but hey it's critical more
P_6MFih5ALM-00411-00276323-00276796 what's you expect all right I'm gonna
P_6MFih5ALM-00412-00276797-00277422 end it in the screen peace take care and
P_6MFih5ALM-00413-00277423-00277769 we'll see you next week
P_6MFih5ALM-00414-00277770-00279764 [Music]
PAEzsHlLkBY-00000-00000003-00000329 in motor vehicles a power steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00001-00000330-00000518 system helps drivers steer the vehicle
PAEzsHlLkBY-00002-00000519-00000751 by augmenting steering effort of the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00003-00000752-00001081 steering wheel hydraulic or electric
PAEzsHlLkBY-00004-00001082-00001354 actuators add controlled energy to the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00005-00001355-00001568 steering mechanism so the driver can
PAEzsHlLkBY-00006-00001569-00001768 provide less effort to turn the steered
PAEzsHlLkBY-00007-00001769-00001988 wheels when driving at typical speeds
PAEzsHlLkBY-00008-00001989-00002227 and reduce considerably the physical
PAEzsHlLkBY-00009-00002228-00002450 effort necessary to turn the wheels when
PAEzsHlLkBY-00010-00002451-00002685 a vehicle is stopped or moving slowly
PAEzsHlLkBY-00011-00002686-00003008 power steering can also be engineered to
PAEzsHlLkBY-00012-00003009-00003215 provide some artificial feedback of
PAEzsHlLkBY-00013-00003215-00003522 forces acting on the steered wheels
PAEzsHlLkBY-00014-00003523-00003788 hydraulic power steering systems for
PAEzsHlLkBY-00015-00003789-00004006 cars augment steering effort via an
PAEzsHlLkBY-00016-00004007-00004256 actuator a hydraulic cylinder that is
PAEzsHlLkBY-00017-00004257-00004561 part of a servo system these systems
PAEzsHlLkBY-00018-00004562-00004784 have a direct mechanical connection
PAEzsHlLkBY-00019-00004785-00004945 between the steering wheel and the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00020-00004946-00005225 linkage that steers the wheels this
PAEzsHlLkBY-00021-00005226-00005483 means that power steering system failure
PAEzsHlLkBY-00022-00005484-00005695 to augment effort still permits the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00023-00005696-00005867 vehicle to be steered using manual
PAEzsHlLkBY-00024-00005868-00006236 effort alone electric power steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00025-00006237-00006475 systems use electric motors to provide
PAEzsHlLkBY-00026-00006476-00006683 the assistance instead of hydraulic
PAEzsHlLkBY-00027-00006684-00007064 systems as with hydraulic types power to
PAEzsHlLkBY-00028-00007065-00007295 the actuator motor in this case is
PAEzsHlLkBY-00029-00007295-00007475 controlled by the rest of the power
PAEzsHlLkBY-00030-00007476-00007820 steering system other power steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00031-00007820-00008027 systems such as those in the largest
PAEzsHlLkBY-00032-00008028-00008282 off-road construction vehicles have no
PAEzsHlLkBY-00033-00008283-00008492 direct mechanical connection to the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00034-00008493-00008735 steering linkage they require electrical
PAEzsHlLkBY-00035-00008736-00009046 power systems of this kind with no
PAEzsHlLkBY-00036-00009047-00009253 mechanical connection are sometimes
PAEzsHlLkBY-00037-00009254-00009692 called drive by wire or steer-by-wire
PAEzsHlLkBY-00038-00009693-00010058 by analogy with Aviation's fly-by-wire
PAEzsHlLkBY-00039-00010059-00010508 in this context wire refers to
PAEzsHlLkBY-00040-00010509-00010769 electrical cables that carry power and
PAEzsHlLkBY-00041-00010770-00011009 data nuts and wire rope mechanical
PAEzsHlLkBY-00042-00011010-00011345 control cables some construction
PAEzsHlLkBY-00043-00011346-00011555 vehicles have a two-part frame with a
PAEzsHlLkBY-00044-00011556-00011753 rugged hinge in the middle this hinge
PAEzsHlLkBY-00045-00011754-00011963 allows the front and rear axles to
PAEzsHlLkBY-00046-00011964-00012244 become non parallel to steer the vehicle
PAEzsHlLkBY-00047-00012245-00012524 opposing hydraulic cylinders move the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00048-00012525-00012706 halves of the frame relative to each
PAEzsHlLkBY-00049-00012707-00012883 other to steer
PAEzsHlLkBY-00050-00012884-00013326 you
PAEzsHlLkBY-00051-00013327-00013844 topic history
PAEzsHlLkBY-00052-00013844-00014108 the first power steering system on an
PAEzsHlLkBY-00053-00014109-00014365 automobile was apparently installed in
PAEzsHlLkBY-00054-00014366-00014663 1876 by a man with the surname of Fitz
PAEzsHlLkBY-00055-00014663-00014960 but little else is known about him the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00056-00014961-00015200 next power steering system was put on
PAEzsHlLkBY-00057-00015201-00015544 the Columbia 5 ton truck in 1903 where a
PAEzsHlLkBY-00058-00015545-00015776 separate electric motor was used to
PAEzsHlLkBY-00059-00015777-00015974 assist the driver in turning the front
PAEzsHlLkBY-00060-00015975-00016255 wheels Robert II Twyford a resident of
PAEzsHlLkBY-00061-00016256-00016400 Pittsburg Pennsylvania
PAEzsHlLkBY-00062-00016401-00016634 included a mechanical power steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00063-00016635-00016858 mechanism as part of his patent u.s.
PAEzsHlLkBY-00064-00016859-00017119 patent six hundred forty six thousand
PAEzsHlLkBY-00065-00017120-00017342 four hundred seventy seven issued on
PAEzsHlLkBY-00066-00017343-00017660 April 3rd 1904 the first four-wheel
PAEzsHlLkBY-00067-00017661-00018002 drive system Francis W Davis an engineer
PAEzsHlLkBY-00068-00018003-00018212 of the truck division of pierce-arrow
PAEzsHlLkBY-00069-00018213-00018443 began exploring how steering could be
PAEzsHlLkBY-00070-00018444-00018769 made easier and in 1926 invented and
PAEzsHlLkBY-00071-00018770-00018989 demonstrated the first practical power
PAEzsHlLkBY-00072-00018990-00019322 steering system Davis moved to General
PAEzsHlLkBY-00073-00019323-00019522 Motors and refined the hydraulic
PAEzsHlLkBY-00074-00019523-00019753 assisted power steering system but the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00075-00019754-00019967 automaker calculated it would be too
PAEzsHlLkBY-00076-00019968-00020297 expensive to produce Davis then signed
PAEzsHlLkBY-00077-00020298-00020572 up with Bendix aparts manufacturer for
PAEzsHlLkBY-00078-00020573-00020903 auto makers military needs during World
PAEzsHlLkBY-00079-00020904-00021146 War two for easier steering on heavy
PAEzsHlLkBY-00080-00021147-00021350 vehicles boosted the need for power
PAEzsHlLkBY-00081-00021351-00021590 assistance on armored cars and tank
PAEzsHlLkBY-00082-00021591-00021803 recovery vehicles for the British and
PAEzsHlLkBY-00083-00021804-00022009 American armies chrysler corporation
PAEzsHlLkBY-00084-00022010-00022238 introduced the first commercially
PAEzsHlLkBY-00085-00022239-00022478 available passenger car power steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00086-00022479-00022744 system on the 1951 Chrysler Imperial
PAEzsHlLkBY-00087-00022745-00023141 under the name Hydra Guide the Chrysler
PAEzsHlLkBY-00088-00023142-00023356 system was based on some of Davis's
PAEzsHlLkBY-00089-00023357-00023600 expired patents General Motors
PAEzsHlLkBY-00090-00023601-00023909 introduced the 1952 Cadillac with a
PAEzsHlLkBY-00091-00023910-00024128 power steering system using the work
PAEzsHlLkBY-00092-00024129-00024409 Davis had done for the company almost 20
PAEzsHlLkBY-00093-00024410-00024628 years earlier Charles F Hammond from
PAEzsHlLkBY-00094-00024629-00024853 Detroit filed several patents for
PAEzsHlLkBY-00095-00024854-00025061 improvements of power steering with the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00096-00025062-00025319 Canadian Intellectual Property Office in
PAEzsHlLkBY-00097-00025320-00025631 1958 most new vehicles now have power
PAEzsHlLkBY-00098-00025632-00025846 steering owing to the trends toward
PAEzsHlLkBY-00099-00025847-00026083 front-wheel drive greater vehicle mass
PAEzsHlLkBY-00100-00026085-00026339 and wider tires which all increase the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00101-00026339-00026602 required steering effort heavier
PAEzsHlLkBY-00102-00026603-00026845 vehicles as are common in some countries
PAEzsHlLkBY-00103-00026847-00027070 would be extremely difficult to maneuver
PAEzsHlLkBY-00104-00027072-00027223 at low speeds while
PAEzsHlLkBY-00105-00027224-00027400 vehicles of lighter weight may not need
PAEzsHlLkBY-00106-00027401-00028126 power assisted steering at all
PAEzsHlLkBY-00107-00028127-00028748 topic hydraulic systems
PAEzsHlLkBY-00108-00028749-00029037 hydraulic power steering systems work by
PAEzsHlLkBY-00109-00029038-00029280 using a hydraulic system to multiply
PAEzsHlLkBY-00110-00029281-00029460 force applied to the steering wheel
PAEzsHlLkBY-00111-00029461-00029730 inputs to the vehicle's steered usually
PAEzsHlLkBY-00112-00029731-00030066 front road wheels the hydraulic pressure
PAEzsHlLkBY-00113-00030067-00030320 typically comes from a gerotor or rotary
PAEzsHlLkBY-00114-00030322-00030539 vane pump driven by the vehicle's engine
PAEzsHlLkBY-00115-00030541-00030873 a double-acting hydraulic cylinder
PAEzsHlLkBY-00116-00030874-00031080 applies a force to the steering gear
PAEzsHlLkBY-00117-00031081-00031401 which in turn steers the road wheels the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00118-00031402-00031608 steering wheel operates valves to
PAEzsHlLkBY-00119-00031608-00031857 control flow to the cylinder the more
PAEzsHlLkBY-00120-00031858-00032039 torque the driver applies to the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00121-00032041-00032262 steering wheel and column the more fluid
PAEzsHlLkBY-00122-00032263-00032418 the valves allowed through to the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00123-00032419-00032625 cylinder and so the more force is
PAEzsHlLkBY-00124-00032626-00032850 applied to steer the wheels one design
PAEzsHlLkBY-00125-00032851-00033039 for measuring the torque applied to the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00126-00033040-00033276 steering wheel has a torque sensor a
PAEzsHlLkBY-00127-00033277-00033483 torsion bar at the lower end of the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00128-00033484-00033756 steering column as the steering wheel
PAEzsHlLkBY-00129-00033757-00034002 rotates so does the steering column as
PAEzsHlLkBY-00130-00034003-00034244 well as the upper end of the torsion bar
PAEzsHlLkBY-00131-00034245-00034536 since the torsion bar is relatively thin
PAEzsHlLkBY-00132-00034537-00034782 and flexible and the bottom end usually
PAEzsHlLkBY-00133-00034783-00035073 resists being rotated the bar will twist
PAEzsHlLkBY-00134-00035074-00035256 by an amount proportional to the applied
PAEzsHlLkBY-00135-00035257-00035520 torque the difference in position
PAEzsHlLkBY-00136-00035521-00035766 between the opposite ends of the torsion
PAEzsHlLkBY-00137-00035767-00036072 bar controls a valve the valve allows
PAEzsHlLkBY-00138-00036073-00036273 fluid to flow to the cylinder which
PAEzsHlLkBY-00139-00036274-00036501 provides steering assistance the greater
PAEzsHlLkBY-00140-00036502-00036861 the twist of the torsion bar the greater
PAEzsHlLkBY-00141-00036862-00037224 the force since the hydraulic pumps are
PAEzsHlLkBY-00142-00037225-00037467 positive displacement type the flow rate
PAEzsHlLkBY-00143-00037468-00037704 they deliver is directly proportional to
PAEzsHlLkBY-00144-00037705-00037974 the speed of the engine this means that
PAEzsHlLkBY-00145-00037975-00038190 at high engine speeds the steering would
PAEzsHlLkBY-00146-00038191-00038406 naturally operate faster than at low
PAEzsHlLkBY-00147-00038407-00038685 engine speeds because this would be
PAEzsHlLkBY-00148-00038686-00038946 undesirable a restricting orifice and
PAEzsHlLkBY-00149-00038947-00039174 flow control valve direct some of the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00150-00039175-00039381 pumps output back to the hydraulic
PAEzsHlLkBY-00151-00039382-00039617 reservoir at high engine speeds a
PAEzsHlLkBY-00152-00039618-00039870 pressure relief valve prevents a
PAEzsHlLkBY-00153-00039871-00040086 dangerous buildup of pressure when the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00154-00040087-00040320 hydraulic cylinders piston reaches the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00155-00040321-00040656 end of its stroke the steering booster
PAEzsHlLkBY-00156-00040657-00040851 is arranged so that should the booster
PAEzsHlLkBY-00157-00040852-00041067 fail the steering will continue to work
PAEzsHlLkBY-00158-00041068-00041258 although the wheel will feel heavier
PAEzsHlLkBY-00159-00041259-00041525 loss of power steering can significantly
PAEzsHlLkBY-00160-00041526-00041842 affect the handling of a vehicle
PAEzsHlLkBY-00161-00041843-00042043 each vehicle owner's manual gives
PAEzsHlLkBY-00162-00042044-00042274 instructions for inspection of fluid
PAEzsHlLkBY-00163-00042275-00042475 levels and regular maintenance of the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00164-00042476-00042826 power steering system the working liquid
PAEzsHlLkBY-00165-00042827-00043291 also called hydraulic fluid or oil is
PAEzsHlLkBY-00166-00043292-00043522 the medium by which pressure is
PAEzsHlLkBY-00167-00043523-00043789 transmitted common working liquids are
PAEzsHlLkBY-00168-00043790-00044182 based on mineral oil some modern systems
PAEzsHlLkBY-00169-00044183-00044437 also include an electronic control valve
PAEzsHlLkBY-00170-00044438-00044665 to reduce the hydraulic supply pressure
PAEzsHlLkBY-00171-00044666-00044926 as the vehicle speed increases this is
PAEzsHlLkBY-00172-00044927-00045618 variable assist power steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00173-00045619-00046053 topic the IR a VI variable assist power
PAEzsHlLkBY-00174-00046054-00046453 steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00175-00046454-00046834 dir avi innovated the now common benefit
PAEzsHlLkBY-00176-00046835-00047047 of speed sensitive steering in this
PAEzsHlLkBY-00177-00047048-00047275 power steering system the for steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00178-00047276-00047434 the wheels comes from the cars
PAEzsHlLkBY-00179-00047435-00047668 high-pressure hydraulic system and is
PAEzsHlLkBY-00180-00047669-00047887 always the same no matter what the road
PAEzsHlLkBY-00181-00047888-00048169 speed us turning the steering wheel
PAEzsHlLkBY-00182-00048170-00048409 moves the wheel simultaneously to a
PAEzsHlLkBY-00183-00048410-00048646 corresponding angle via a hydraulic
PAEzsHlLkBY-00184-00048647-00048904 cylinder in order to give some
PAEzsHlLkBY-00185-00048905-00049105 artificial steering feel there is a
PAEzsHlLkBY-00186-00049106-00049357 separate hydraulically operated system
PAEzsHlLkBY-00187-00049358-00049510 that tries to turn the steering wheel
PAEzsHlLkBY-00188-00049511-00049822 back to center position the amount of
PAEzsHlLkBY-00189-00049823-00050056 pressure applied is proportional to road
PAEzsHlLkBY-00190-00050057-00050311 speed so that at low speeds the steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00191-00050312-00050539 is very light and at high speeds it is
PAEzsHlLkBY-00192-00050540-00050752 very difficult to move more than a small
PAEzsHlLkBY-00193-00050753-00051070 amount of center it was invented by
PAEzsHlLkBY-00194-00051071-00051424 Citroen of France as long as there is
PAEzsHlLkBY-00195-00051425-00051654 pressure in the cars hydraulic system
PAEzsHlLkBY-00196-00051655-00051840 there is no mechanical connection
PAEzsHlLkBY-00197-00051841-00052015 between the steering wheel and the road
PAEzsHlLkBY-00198-00052016-00052336 wheels this system was first introduced
PAEzsHlLkBY-00199-00052337-00052657 in the Citroen SM in 1970 and was known
PAEzsHlLkBY-00200-00052658-00052933 as berra power in the UK and speed field
PAEzsHlLkBY-00201-00052934-00053544 in the US
PAEzsHlLkBY-00202-00053545-00054229 topic electro-hydraulic systems
PAEzsHlLkBY-00203-00054230-00054549 electro hydraulic power steering systems
PAEzsHlLkBY-00204-00054550-00054894 sometimes abbreviated eh PS and also
PAEzsHlLkBY-00205-00054895-00055278 sometimes called hybrid systems use the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00206-00055279-00055512 same hydraulic assist technology as
PAEzsHlLkBY-00207-00055513-00055707 standard systems but the hydraulic
PAEzsHlLkBY-00208-00055708-00055955 pressure comes from a pump driven by an
PAEzsHlLkBY-00209-00055957-00056180 electric motor instead of a drive belt
PAEzsHlLkBY-00210-00056182-00056664 at the engine in 1965 Ford experimented
PAEzsHlLkBY-00211-00056665-00056733 with a fleeta
PAEzsHlLkBY-00212-00056734-00057060 wrist twist instant steering equipped
PAEzsHlLkBY-00213-00057061-00057288 mercury Park lanes that replaced the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00214-00057289-00057504 conventional large steering wheel with
PAEzsHlLkBY-00215-00057504-00057915 two 5-inch 127 millimetres rings a fast
PAEzsHlLkBY-00216-00057916-00058229 15 to 1 gear ratio and an electric
PAEzsHlLkBY-00217-00058230-00058428 hydraulic pump in case the engine
PAEzsHlLkBY-00218-00058429-00058817 stalled in 1988 the Subaru xt6 was
PAEzsHlLkBY-00219-00058819-00059040 fitted with a unique cybron adaptive
PAEzsHlLkBY-00220-00059041-00059279 electro hydraulic steering system that
PAEzsHlLkBY-00221-00059280-00059504 changed the level of assistance based on
PAEzsHlLkBY-00222-00059505-00059898 the vehicle speed in 1990 Toyota
PAEzsHlLkBY-00223-00059899-00060183 introduced its second generation mr2
PAEzsHlLkBY-00224-00060184-00060434 with electro hydraulic power steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00225-00060435-00060735 this avoided running hydraulic lines
PAEzsHlLkBY-00226-00060736-00060929 from the engine which was behind the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00227-00060930-00061179 driver in the mr2 up to the steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00228-00061179-00061638 rack in 1994 Volkswagen produced the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00229-00061639-00061887 mark 3 golf eeka Matic with an electric
PAEzsHlLkBY-00230-00061888-00062166 pump this meant that the power steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00231-00062166-00062379 would still operate while the engine was
PAEzsHlLkBY-00232-00062379-00062648 stopped by the computer to save fuel
PAEzsHlLkBY-00233-00062649-00062937 electro hydraulic systems can be found
PAEzsHlLkBY-00234-00062938-00063200 in some cars by Ford Volkswagen Audi
PAEzsHlLkBY-00235-00063201-00063465 Pujo Citroen seat
PAEzsHlLkBY-00236-00063466-00063861 Skoda Suzuki Opel mini Toyota Honda and
PAEzsHlLkBY-00237-00063862-00064460 Mazda
PAEzsHlLkBY-00238-00064461-00065061 topic electric systems
PAEzsHlLkBY-00239-00065062-00065346 electric power assisted steering Epps
PAEzsHlLkBY-00240-00065347-00065758 epas or motor driven power steering mdps
PAEzsHlLkBY-00241-00065759-00066004 uses an electric motor to assist the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00242-00066005-00066313 driver of a vehicle sensors detect the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00243-00066314-00066496 position and torque of the steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00244-00066497-00066727 column and a computer module applies
PAEzsHlLkBY-00245-00066728-00066946 assistive torque via the motor which
PAEzsHlLkBY-00246-00066947-00067150 connects to either the steering gear or
PAEzsHlLkBY-00247-00067151-00067435 steering column this allows varying
PAEzsHlLkBY-00248-00067436-00067621 amounts of assistance to be applied
PAEzsHlLkBY-00249-00067622-00067863 depending on driving conditions
PAEzsHlLkBY-00250-00067864-00068134 engineers can therefore tailor steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00251-00068135-00068362 gear response to variable rate and
PAEzsHlLkBY-00252-00068363-00068596 variable damping suspension systems
PAEzsHlLkBY-00253-00068597-00068869 optimizing ride handling and steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00254-00068870-00069226 for each vehicle on Fiat Group cars the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00255-00069227-00069436 amount of assistance can be regulated
PAEzsHlLkBY-00256-00069437-00069778 using a button named City that switches
PAEzsHlLkBY-00257-00069779-00069982 between two different Assist curves
PAEzsHlLkBY-00258-00069983-00070189 while most other EPS systems have
PAEzsHlLkBY-00259-00070190-00070468 variable assist these give more
PAEzsHlLkBY-00260-00070469-00070714 assistance as the vehicle slows down and
PAEzsHlLkBY-00261-00070715-00071080 less at faster speeds a mechanical
PAEzsHlLkBY-00262-00071081-00071281 linkage between the steering wheel and
PAEzsHlLkBY-00263-00071282-00071566 the steering gear is retained in epas in
PAEzsHlLkBY-00264-00071567-00071875 the event of component failure or power
PAEzsHlLkBY-00265-00071876-00072127 failure that causes a failure to provide
PAEzsHlLkBY-00266-00072128-00072367 assistance the mechanical linkage serves
PAEzsHlLkBY-00267-00072368-00072754 as a backup if epas fails the driver
PAEzsHlLkBY-00268-00072755-00072979 encounters a situation where heavy
PAEzsHlLkBY-00269-00072980-00073285 effort is required to steer this heavy
PAEzsHlLkBY-00270-00073286-00073456 effort is similar to that of an
PAEzsHlLkBY-00271-00073457-00073690 inoperative hydraulic steering assist
PAEzsHlLkBY-00272-00073691-00073948 system depending on the driving
PAEzsHlLkBY-00273-00073949-00074221 situation driving skill and strength of
PAEzsHlLkBY-00274-00074222-00074476 the driver steering assist loss may or
PAEzsHlLkBY-00275-00074477-00074797 may not lead to a crash the difficulty
PAEzsHlLkBY-00276-00074798-00074983 of steering with inoperative power
PAEzsHlLkBY-00277-00074984-00075223 steering is compounded by the choice of
PAEzsHlLkBY-00278-00075224-00075448 steering ratios in assisted steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00279-00075449-00075901 gears versus fully manual the NHTSA has
PAEzsHlLkBY-00280-00075902-00076123 assisted car manufacturers with
PAEzsHlLkBY-00281-00076124-00076429 recalling epas systems prone to failure
PAEzsHlLkBY-00282-00076430-00076681 electric systems have an advantage in
PAEzsHlLkBY-00283-00076682-00076924 fuel efficiency because there is no belt
PAEzsHlLkBY-00284-00076925-00077194 driven hydraulic pump constantly running
PAEzsHlLkBY-00285-00077195-00077410 weather assistance is required or not
PAEzsHlLkBY-00286-00077411-00077605 and this is a major reason for their
PAEzsHlLkBY-00287-00077606-00077923 introduction another major advantage is
PAEzsHlLkBY-00288-00077924-00078151 the elimination of a belt driven engine
PAEzsHlLkBY-00289-00078152-00078367 accessory and several high-pressure
PAEzsHlLkBY-00290-00078368-00078439 Hydra
PAEzsHlLkBY-00291-00078440-00078709 hoses between the hydraulic pump mounted
PAEzsHlLkBY-00292-00078710-00078883 on the engine and the steering gear
PAEzsHlLkBY-00293-00078884-00079168 mounted on the chassis this greatly
PAEzsHlLkBY-00294-00079169-00079408 simplifies manufacturing and maintenance
PAEzsHlLkBY-00295-00079409-00079678 by incorporating electronic stability
PAEzsHlLkBY-00296-00079679-00079972 control electric power steering systems
PAEzsHlLkBY-00297-00079973-00080218 can instantly vary torque assist levels
PAEzsHlLkBY-00298-00080219-00080392 to aid the driver in corrective
PAEzsHlLkBY-00299-00080393-00080791 maneuvers in 1986 and SK put the EPS for
PAEzsHlLkBY-00300-00080792-00081118 battery fork into practical use in the
PAEzsHlLkBY-00301-00081119-00081349 subsequent eight years Koyo Seiko
PAEzsHlLkBY-00302-00081350-00081709 current je te KT and SK developed a
PAEzsHlLkBY-00303-00081710-00081961 column system exclusively for mini cars
PAEzsHlLkBY-00304-00081962-00082252 sold only in Japan such as Suzuki and
PAEzsHlLkBY-00305-00082253-00082410 Mitsubishi Motors
PAEzsHlLkBY-00306-00082411-00082657 however this simple method was
PAEzsHlLkBY-00307-00082658-00082891 noticeable due to the inertia feeling of
PAEzsHlLkBY-00308-00082892-00083116 the motor at the time of rapid steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00309-00083117-00083320 for danger avoidance in low speed
PAEzsHlLkBY-00310-00083321-00083521 running at the time of high speed
PAEzsHlLkBY-00311-00083522-00083701 running at which the steering force
PAEzsHlLkBY-00312-00083702-00083935 became small returning to the manual
PAEzsHlLkBY-00313-00083936-00084268 steering as a result that system was not
PAEzsHlLkBY-00314-00084269-00084428 adopted
PAEzsHlLkBY-00315-00084429-00084778 in the late 1990s a direct full control
PAEzsHlLkBY-00316-00084779-00085034 system of Iraq assists without clutch to
PAEzsHlLkBY-00317-00085035-00085273 a regular car was put into practical use
PAEzsHlLkBY-00318-00085274-00085486 at the Honda car NSX
PAEzsHlLkBY-00319-00085487-00085834 3.0 liter and sold all over the world
PAEzsHlLkBY-00320-00085835-00086131 since then there has been a transition
PAEzsHlLkBY-00321-00086132-00086317 from a brush attached motor to a
PAEzsHlLkBY-00322-00086318-00086527 brushless motor in the RAC type of
PAEzsHlLkBY-00323-00086528-00086755 ordinary vehicles this method has become
PAEzsHlLkBY-00324-00086756-00087091 mainstream electric power steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00325-00087092-00087376 systems appeared on the Honda NSX in
PAEzsHlLkBY-00326-00087377-00087928 1990 the MGF the Fiat Punto mk2 in 1999
PAEzsHlLkBY-00327-00087929-00088404 the Honda s2000 in 1999 Toyota Prius in
PAEzsHlLkBY-00328-00088405-00088903 2015 the BMW z4 in 2002 and the Mazda
PAEzsHlLkBY-00329-00088904-00089365 rx-8 in 2003 the first electric power
PAEzsHlLkBY-00330-00089366-00089602 steering system appeared on the suzuki
PAEzsHlLkBY-00331-00089603-00089959 servo in 1988 the system has been
PAEzsHlLkBY-00332-00089960-00090146 applied by various automobile
PAEzsHlLkBY-00333-00090147-00090709 manufacturers
PAEzsHlLkBY-00334-00090710-00091075 topic electrically variable gear ratio
PAEzsHlLkBY-00335-00091076-00091482 systems
PAEzsHlLkBY-00336-00091483-00091901 in 2000 the Honda s2000 type 5 featured
PAEzsHlLkBY-00337-00091902-00092148 the first electric power variable gear
PAEzsHlLkBY-00338-00092149-00092667 ratio steering vgs system in 2002 toyota
PAEzsHlLkBY-00339-00092668-00092957 introduced the variable gear ratio
PAEzsHlLkBY-00340-00092958-00093406 steering vgr as system on the lexus LX
PAEzsHlLkBY-00341-00093407-00093717 470 and Land Cruiser Cygnus and also
PAEzsHlLkBY-00342-00093718-00093912 incorporated the electronic stability
PAEzsHlLkBY-00343-00093913-00094173 control system to alter steering gear
PAEzsHlLkBY-00344-00094174-00094513 ratios and steering assist levels in
PAEzsHlLkBY-00345-00094514-00094955 2003 BMW introduced active steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00346-00094956-00095253 system on the 5 Series this system
PAEzsHlLkBY-00347-00095254-00095463 should not be confused with variable
PAEzsHlLkBY-00348-00095464-00095667 assist power steering which varies
PAEzsHlLkBY-00349-00095668-00095868 steering assist torque not steering
PAEzsHlLkBY-00350-00095869-00096131 ratios nor with systems where the gear
PAEzsHlLkBY-00351-00096132-00096366 ratio is only varied as a function of
PAEzsHlLkBY-00352-00096367-00096648 steering angle these last are more
PAEzsHlLkBY-00353-00096649-00096891 accurately called nonlinear types eg
PAEzsHlLkBY-00354-00096892-00097209 direct steer offered by Mercedes a plot
PAEzsHlLkBY-00355-00097210-00097449 of steering wheel position versus axial
PAEzsHlLkBY-00356-00097450-00097668 steering angle as progressively curved
PAEzsHlLkBY-00357-00097669-00098291 and symmetrical
PAEzsHlLkBY-00358-00098292-00098904 topic see also
PAEzsHlLkBY-00359-00098905-00099414 servomechanism steering engine
PCq2XNAQh6A-00000-00000185-00002883 [Music]
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PCq2XNAQh6A-00093-00178351-00178414 [Applause]
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PCq2XNAQh6A-00100-00182861-00183483 [Music]
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PCq2XNAQh6A-00179-00490741-00491927 [Music]
PCq2XNAQh6A-00180-00491928-00492135 you
PDWC2imyJzY-00000-00000026-00001047 [Music]
PDWC2imyJzY-00001-00001048-00001166 what is good everybody welcome back to
PDWC2imyJzY-00002-00001167-00001374 another my am toys video today ladies
PDWC2imyJzY-00003-00001375-00001566 and gentlemen we do have some brand new
PDWC2imyJzY-00004-00001567-00001814 not only wwe action figure news but also
PDWC2imyJzY-00005-00001816-00002039 some brand new aew action figure news so
PDWC2imyJzY-00006-00002039-00002167 we got a lot of stuff going on today
PDWC2imyJzY-00007-00002168-00002207 guys
PDWC2imyJzY-00008-00002208-00002367 can't wait to dive into it some of this
PDWC2imyJzY-00009-00002368-00002567 news does come to us from my man
PDWC2imyJzY-00010-00002568-00002799 unstable 1047 while he is no longer
PDWC2imyJzY-00011-00002800-00002999 really active on youtube fully he
PDWC2imyJzY-00012-00003000-00003166 is still helping us out with the news
PDWC2imyJzY-00013-00003167-00003343 and the insider deal so that is
PDWC2imyJzY-00014-00003344-00003406 excellent for
PDWC2imyJzY-00015-00003407-00003719 us and i do miss unstable 1047 content i
PDWC2imyJzY-00016-00003720-00003879 will tell you but today we got some
PDWC2imyJzY-00017-00003879-00004038 excellent stuff going on can't wait to
PDWC2imyJzY-00018-00004039-00004191 get into it we got a new elite set we
PDWC2imyJzY-00019-00004192-00004399 got some basics we got some stuff and we
PDWC2imyJzY-00020-00004400-00004583 have some new images leaked out to us as
PDWC2imyJzY-00021-00004584-00004727 well as a huge announcement that i'll
PDWC2imyJzY-00022-00004728-00004854 get into from ringside
PDWC2imyJzY-00023-00004855-00005031 possibly featuring a new ringside
PDWC2imyJzY-00024-00005032-00005167 exclusive so let's go ahead and shut the
PDWC2imyJzY-00025-00005168-00005335 hell up and dive into what we got to get
PDWC2imyJzY-00026-00005336-00005383 into
PDWC2imyJzY-00027-00005384-00005527 let's just go ahead and start out with
PDWC2imyJzY-00028-00005528-00005663 the ringside exclusive announcement
PDWC2imyJzY-00029-00005664-00005799 ladies and gentlemen this is going to
PDWC2imyJzY-00030-00005800-00006079 be an aew figure announcement so let's
PDWC2imyJzY-00031-00006080-00006167 go ahead and put it up
PDWC2imyJzY-00032-00006168-00006359 yesterday on ringside collectibles on
PDWC2imyJzY-00033-00006360-00006495 their instagram page
PDWC2imyJzY-00034-00006495-00006783 they teased this like jurassic park kind
PDWC2imyJzY-00035-00006784-00006927 of deal where it's like a trailer
PDWC2imyJzY-00036-00006928-00007063 you guys know the iconic scene from
PDWC2imyJzY-00037-00007064-00007214 jurassic park where the water's like
PDWC2imyJzY-00038-00007215-00007270 shaking
PDWC2imyJzY-00039-00007272-00007406 and the kids chilling right there
PDWC2imyJzY-00040-00007408-00007639 watching the water and then you get the
PDWC2imyJzY-00041-00007640-00007814 whole idea with the jurassic thing
PDWC2imyJzY-00042-00007815-00008046 so then it's a video it's a vignette it
PDWC2imyJzY-00043-00008047-00008214 plays through and at the end of the
PDWC2imyJzY-00044-00008215-00008278 vignette
PDWC2imyJzY-00045-00008279-00008599 you get this wednesday 4 28 and the w
PDWC2imyJzY-00046-00008600-00008919 the e and the a in wednesday is in green
PDWC2imyJzY-00047-00008920-00009110 telling us that you know w e
PDWC2imyJzY-00048-00009111-00009455 a flipped it around aew we are going to
PDWC2imyJzY-00049-00009456-00009695 get a new ringside exclusive coming to
PDWC2imyJzY-00050-00009696-00009719 us
PDWC2imyJzY-00051-00009720-00009887 on wednesday i'm guessing that tomorrow
PDWC2imyJzY-00052-00009888-00010006 they're going to unveil it i will
PDWC2imyJzY-00053-00010007-00010142 definitely cover it here on the channel
PDWC2imyJzY-00054-00010143-00010271 because it looks like we're going to be
PDWC2imyJzY-00055-00010272-00010319 getting
PDWC2imyJzY-00056-00010320-00010559 something jurassic express related so
PDWC2imyJzY-00057-00010560-00010727 you guys know that we have the jungle
PDWC2imyJzY-00058-00010728-00010919 uh not the jungle but the jurassic park
PDWC2imyJzY-00059-00010920-00011031 deal going on uh
PDWC2imyJzY-00060-00011032-00011238 lucha soros and jungle boy were revealed
PDWC2imyJzY-00061-00011239-00011391 for series number five but i don't think
PDWC2imyJzY-00062-00011392-00011542 that's what it is man i think this is
PDWC2imyJzY-00063-00011543-00011614 gonna be
PDWC2imyJzY-00064-00011615-00011846 two new figures maybe a possible three
PDWC2imyJzY-00065-00011847-00012006 pack with marco stunt i think that would
PDWC2imyJzY-00066-00012007-00012142 be absolutely insane
PDWC2imyJzY-00067-00012143-00012374 and i did hear that like overseas i
PDWC2imyJzY-00068-00012375-00012527 heard something about a
PDWC2imyJzY-00069-00012528-00012807 white lucha soros figure as well as a
PDWC2imyJzY-00070-00012808-00012871 jungle boy
PDWC2imyJzY-00071-00012872-00013063 except the lucha saurus has a straight
PDWC2imyJzY-00072-00013063-00013263 face and the jungle boy is yelling so
PDWC2imyJzY-00073-00013263-00013463 it'd be the opposite of the series five
PDWC2imyJzY-00074-00013463-00013615 figures that we saw so if all those
PDWC2imyJzY-00075-00013616-00013703 rumors are true
PDWC2imyJzY-00076-00013704-00013886 it looks like it lines up correctly with
PDWC2imyJzY-00077-00013887-00014047 the ringside collectibles exclusive
PDWC2imyJzY-00078-00014047-00014086 there
PDWC2imyJzY-00079-00014087-00014247 and it looks like we are going to be
PDWC2imyJzY-00080-00014247-00014455 getting i i'm guessing this is what my
PDWC2imyJzY-00081-00014456-00014679 guess is i bet we get lucha soros
PDWC2imyJzY-00082-00014680-00014871 with the straight face kind of what
PDWC2imyJzY-00083-00014872-00015030 jungle boy is doing in the series five
PDWC2imyJzY-00084-00015031-00015079 figure
PDWC2imyJzY-00085-00015080-00015279 he's gonna be in his white gear and
PDWC2imyJzY-00086-00015280-00015447 we're gonna get like new sculpt for the
PDWC2imyJzY-00087-00015447-00015543 head and everything
PDWC2imyJzY-00088-00015544-00015711 we'll get a jungle boy that will be
PDWC2imyJzY-00089-00015712-00015894 probably in similar gear to a series
PDWC2imyJzY-00090-00015895-00016055 five figure maybe a little bit different
PDWC2imyJzY-00091-00016056-00016263 but he'll be yelling uh you know or
PDWC2imyJzY-00092-00016263-00016430 screaming and then we'll get
PDWC2imyJzY-00093-00016431-00016591 possibly a marco stun now i don't know
PDWC2imyJzY-00094-00016592-00016743 about the marco stunt for sure
PDWC2imyJzY-00095-00016744-00016935 but i do think that the two pack is
PDWC2imyJzY-00096-00016936-00017047 something that we're going to see much
PDWC2imyJzY-00097-00017048-00017158 like we got with the
PDWC2imyJzY-00098-00017159-00017399 blood brothers from the aew ringside
PDWC2imyJzY-00099-00017400-00017591 exclusive 2-pack that we saw so that is
PDWC2imyJzY-00100-00017592-00017735 excellent news i can't wait to see what
PDWC2imyJzY-00101-00017736-00017886 they fully look like but you guys know
PDWC2imyJzY-00102-00017887-00017958 that i am hyped
PDWC2imyJzY-00103-00017959-00018150 a lucha source like yeah you know i
PDWC2imyJzY-00104-00018151-00018327 thought series 5 loses source was going
PDWC2imyJzY-00105-00018328-00018407 to be the best
PDWC2imyJzY-00106-00018408-00018614 aew figure ever and then they come out
PDWC2imyJzY-00107-00018615-00018783 and give me a white gear luchasaurus
PDWC2imyJzY-00108-00018784-00018863 that's just like
PDWC2imyJzY-00109-00018864-00019014 you know like spicing it up with a
PDWC2imyJzY-00110-00019015-00019214 little mdt flavor over the top there so
PDWC2imyJzY-00111-00019215-00019391 i will absolutely pick up
PDWC2imyJzY-00112-00019392-00019543 a few of those can't wait to see what
PDWC2imyJzY-00113-00019544-00019679 they look like you know if that's
PDWC2imyJzY-00114-00019680-00019830 correct i hope that's the deal
PDWC2imyJzY-00115-00019831-00020014 we'll just have to see but that is one
PDWC2imyJzY-00116-00020015-00020175 of the big announcements there
PDWC2imyJzY-00117-00020176-00020399 we also have another little bit of news
PDWC2imyJzY-00118-00020400-00020558 here now it's not like a ton of news
PDWC2imyJzY-00119-00020559-00020767 but it is aew figure related you guys
PDWC2imyJzY-00120-00020768-00020950 know that we did get the ray phoenix
PDWC2imyJzY-00121-00020951-00021127 mock image with the prototypes
PDWC2imyJzY-00122-00021128-00021303 a couple weeks ago or whatever the case
PDWC2imyJzY-00123-00021304-00021439 we showcased it on the channel then we
PDWC2imyJzY-00124-00021440-00021647 got the loose images but we also now
PDWC2imyJzY-00125-00021648-00021678 have
PDWC2imyJzY-00126-00021679-00021958 a mock image of pentagon in his black
PDWC2imyJzY-00127-00021959-00022063 and gold gear
PDWC2imyJzY-00128-00022064-00022239 looking pretty damn good i think it
PDWC2imyJzY-00129-00022240-00022391 looks pretty good the gold on this
PDWC2imyJzY-00130-00022392-00022550 figure is insane man i don't know what
PDWC2imyJzY-00131-00022551-00022750 gold foil or whatever the hell they do
PDWC2imyJzY-00132-00022751-00022927 to put it on their packaging and then
PDWC2imyJzY-00133-00022928-00023047 the gold on this figure looks
PDWC2imyJzY-00134-00023048-00023143 outstanding like
PDWC2imyJzY-00135-00023144-00023294 the shine of this and the shimmer of
PDWC2imyJzY-00136-00023295-00023542 this looks absolutely insane so pentagon
PDWC2imyJzY-00137-00023543-00023686 looks really really good not only do we
PDWC2imyJzY-00138-00023687-00023871 have pentagon but we also have
PDWC2imyJzY-00139-00023872-00024135 jake hager with his hood up in the black
PDWC2imyJzY-00140-00024136-00024278 there so i'm guessing
PDWC2imyJzY-00141-00024279-00024455 that the one in black right here is
PDWC2imyJzY-00142-00024456-00024622 gonna be the regular version like we
PDWC2imyJzY-00143-00024623-00024775 discussed you know we kind of figured
PDWC2imyJzY-00144-00024776-00024894 that that would be the case
PDWC2imyJzY-00145-00024895-00025086 the black trunks with the black hoodie
PDWC2imyJzY-00146-00025087-00025303 shirt would be the regular version
PDWC2imyJzY-00147-00025304-00025486 and then we're guessing that the you
PDWC2imyJzY-00148-00025487-00025711 know of course the the camo pants or the
PDWC2imyJzY-00149-00025712-00025806 whatever with the
PDWC2imyJzY-00150-00025807-00025990 the inner circle t-shirt will most
PDWC2imyJzY-00151-00025991-00026127 likely be the chase and it looks like
PDWC2imyJzY-00152-00026127-00026246 that is confirmed here because we don't
PDWC2imyJzY-00153-00026247-00026335 get a sticker
PDWC2imyJzY-00154-00026336-00026462 it looks like the number on the bottom
PDWC2imyJzY-00155-00026463-00026623 of the packaging isn't going to be
PDWC2imyJzY-00156-00026624-00026831 exclusive or you know anything crazy or
PDWC2imyJzY-00157-00026832-00026911 different so
PDWC2imyJzY-00158-00026912-00027087 it does look like jake hager in the
PDWC2imyJzY-00159-00027088-00027223 black gear will be the regular version
PDWC2imyJzY-00160-00027224-00027255 but
PDWC2imyJzY-00161-00027256-00027431 i thought that pentagon and jake hager
PDWC2imyJzY-00162-00027432-00027567 both looked really good
PDWC2imyJzY-00163-00027568-00027774 in their mock images there especially
PDWC2imyJzY-00164-00027775-00027990 the penta man that's insane that gold is
PDWC2imyJzY-00165-00027991-00028158 absolutely crazy how like
PDWC2imyJzY-00166-00028160-00028423 glittery and like shiny it is reminds me
PDWC2imyJzY-00167-00028424-00028646 a lot of the series 5 chase cody rhodes
PDWC2imyJzY-00168-00028647-00028695 figure
PDWC2imyJzY-00169-00028695-00028911 or the series 4 i'm sorry that looks so
PDWC2imyJzY-00170-00028912-00029087 damn good so the goal that they put on
PDWC2imyJzY-00171-00029088-00029214 these figures is crazy
PDWC2imyJzY-00172-00029216-00029374 hopefully you know any other goal we get
PDWC2imyJzY-00173-00029375-00029535 will be as nice as that but
PDWC2imyJzY-00174-00029536-00029687 that's not all we have guys we also have
PDWC2imyJzY-00175-00029688-00029887 some other wwe action figure news so
PDWC2imyJzY-00176-00029888-00030039 let's go ahead and dive into that guys
PDWC2imyJzY-00177-00030039-00030374 let's get into wwe elite series 89 now
PDWC2imyJzY-00178-00030375-00030455 we've discussed
PDWC2imyJzY-00179-00030456-00030783 86 87 88 here on the channel today we're
PDWC2imyJzY-00180-00030783-00030999 discussing elite 89 revealed to
PDWC2imyJzY-00181-00031000-00031246 us and the first figure in elite 89 is
PDWC2imyJzY-00182-00031247-00031374 going to be drew
PDWC2imyJzY-00183-00031375-00031599 mcintyre now this doesn't really excite
PDWC2imyJzY-00184-00031600-00031727 a lot of people i don't think you know
PDWC2imyJzY-00185-00031727-00031879 he's kind of the modern day
PDWC2imyJzY-00186-00031880-00032102 john cena roman reigns type you know
PDWC2imyJzY-00187-00032103-00032231 they got to pump him out they got to get
PDWC2imyJzY-00188-00032232-00032383 him out on the shelf so i think drew
PDWC2imyJzY-00189-00032383-00032511 mcintyre getting a figure
PDWC2imyJzY-00190-00032512-00032687 he'll probably come with the wwe
PDWC2imyJzY-00191-00032688-00032862 championship uh it's kind of hard
PDWC2imyJzY-00192-00032863-00032959 because you guys know that we are
PDWC2imyJzY-00193-00032960-00033174 getting the top picks 20 22 figure in
PDWC2imyJzY-00194-00033175-00033374 the set with what roman reigns john cena
PDWC2imyJzY-00195-00033375-00033471 and rey mysterio
PDWC2imyJzY-00196-00033472-00033671 this one will probably be very similar
PDWC2imyJzY-00197-00033672-00033807 to that like i would i would
PDWC2imyJzY-00198-00033808-00034015 pretty much guarantee it may not be the
PDWC2imyJzY-00199-00034016-00034143 exact gear they'll probably change the
PDWC2imyJzY-00200-00034144-00034287 gear up a little bit but having that
PDWC2imyJzY-00201-00034288-00034359 pissed off
PDWC2imyJzY-00202-00034360-00034535 head sculpt in the updated you know
PDWC2imyJzY-00203-00034536-00034735 darker drew mcintyre skin tone that they
PDWC2imyJzY-00204-00034736-00034895 give him that i like a lot better
PDWC2imyJzY-00205-00034896-00035087 that we first got with the elite 83
PDWC2imyJzY-00206-00035088-00035207 probably what we'll get here for drew
PDWC2imyJzY-00207-00035208-00035287 mcintyre
PDWC2imyJzY-00208-00035288-00035574 we also have bobby lashley in the set
PDWC2imyJzY-00209-00035575-00035607 now
PDWC2imyJzY-00210-00035608-00035718 a lot of people are probably thinking
PDWC2imyJzY-00211-00035719-00035918 that it'd probably be a wwe championship
PDWC2imyJzY-00212-00035919-00036095 attire but i don't think so i think it's
PDWC2imyJzY-00213-00036096-00036167 gonna be
PDWC2imyJzY-00214-00036168-00036343 a little bit before that i think we're
PDWC2imyJzY-00215-00036344-00036527 probably gonna be getting a long tits
PDWC2imyJzY-00216-00036528-00036599 hurt business
PDWC2imyJzY-00217-00036600-00036783 attire and i think he'll probably come
PDWC2imyJzY-00218-00036784-00036974 with the us championship we do know that
PDWC2imyJzY-00219-00036975-00037143 we're getting apollo crews with the u.s
PDWC2imyJzY-00220-00037144-00037215 championship
PDWC2imyJzY-00221-00037216-00037335 so you know they're going to try to get
PDWC2imyJzY-00222-00037336-00037511 that u.s championship out as much as
PDWC2imyJzY-00223-00037512-00037679 possible so that everybody has an
PDWC2imyJzY-00224-00037680-00037799 opportunity to get that in their
PDWC2imyJzY-00225-00037800-00037983 collections and update their shelves and
PDWC2imyJzY-00226-00037984-00038079 stuff like that so
PDWC2imyJzY-00227-00038080-00038223 i think bobby lashley will most
PDWC2imyJzY-00228-00038224-00038407 definitely be in the long tights with
PDWC2imyJzY-00229-00038408-00038607 the black the her business on there
PDWC2imyJzY-00230-00038608-00038799 maybe a pissed off head sculpt or like a
PDWC2imyJzY-00231-00038800-00038967 you know like a pissed off bobby lashley
PDWC2imyJzY-00232-00038968-00039111 or like a groaning head scope would be
PDWC2imyJzY-00233-00039112-00039295 really badass for him so that with the
PDWC2imyJzY-00234-00039296-00039399 us championship would
PDWC2imyJzY-00235-00039400-00039590 look really good on an elite figure we
PDWC2imyJzY-00236-00039591-00039815 also have dominic mysterio
PDWC2imyJzY-00237-00039816-00039990 now i don't really care for a dominic
PDWC2imyJzY-00238-00039991-00040087 figure i know that's going to be
PDWC2imyJzY-00239-00040088-00040262 excellent for father son like i can't
PDWC2imyJzY-00240-00040263-00040367 imagine having
PDWC2imyJzY-00241-00040368-00040527 you know epic figures of me and then
PDWC2imyJzY-00242-00040528-00040679 jojo growing up becoming a wrestler and
PDWC2imyJzY-00243-00040680-00040799 getting his own action figure
PDWC2imyJzY-00244-00040800-00040958 so i think that's a really cool thing to
PDWC2imyJzY-00245-00040959-00041207 see however dominic mysterio
PDWC2imyJzY-00246-00041208-00041351 uh we don't know what gear it'll be you
PDWC2imyJzY-00247-00041352-00041487 know it could be a whole lot of gears i
PDWC2imyJzY-00248-00041488-00041630 just hope that it looks good and stuff
PDWC2imyJzY-00249-00041631-00041687 like that
PDWC2imyJzY-00250-00041688-00041879 not the biggest dominic fan but i do you
PDWC2imyJzY-00251-00041880-00041999 know it is pretty cool to see him
PDWC2imyJzY-00252-00042000-00042158 getting this opportunity here
PDWC2imyJzY-00253-00042159-00042335 with the elite 89 figure and hopefully
PDWC2imyJzY-00254-00042336-00042462 this figure turns out great maybe
PDWC2imyJzY-00255-00042463-00042590 customs down the line or
PDWC2imyJzY-00256-00042591-00042743 do something like that and hopefully the
PDWC2imyJzY-00257-00042744-00042927 figure just looks really good next up in
PDWC2imyJzY-00258-00042928-00043055 a sec guys we also have
PDWC2imyJzY-00259-00043056-00043271 naya jax now the only thing that i'll
PDWC2imyJzY-00260-00043272-00043399 say about nia jax
PDWC2imyJzY-00261-00043400-00043630 is that uh you know it's like yeah i
PDWC2imyJzY-00262-00043631-00043774 don't know about that one brad
PDWC2imyJzY-00263-00043775-00043935 you know i don't know how i feel about
PDWC2imyJzY-00264-00043936-00044174 this one she is also the chase variant
PDWC2imyJzY-00265-00044175-00044327 so i don't know how you guys feel about
PDWC2imyJzY-00266-00044328-00044383 that one
PDWC2imyJzY-00267-00044384-00044583 of course our elite 65 figure was really
PDWC2imyJzY-00268-00044584-00044743 good the head sculpts were outstanding
PDWC2imyJzY-00269-00044744-00044879 like some of the best head sculpts we've
PDWC2imyJzY-00270-00044880-00045023 seen on a female figure
PDWC2imyJzY-00271-00045024-00045174 i think the knight jax figure was pretty
PDWC2imyJzY-00272-00045175-00045358 solid it kind of had like bow legged
PDWC2imyJzY-00273-00045359-00045423 knees
PDWC2imyJzY-00274-00045424-00045590 however it was still a pretty good
PDWC2imyJzY-00275-00045591-00045751 figure and seeing that updated and
PDWC2imyJzY-00276-00045752-00045902 seeing what else they can come up with
PDWC2imyJzY-00277-00045903-00046127 giving her double jointed arms and legs
PDWC2imyJzY-00278-00046128-00046295 and stuff that night jax is probably
PDWC2imyJzY-00279-00046296-00046399 going to be able to crush her
PDWC2imyJzY-00280-00046400-00046599 other one and like suplex it the hell
PDWC2imyJzY-00281-00046600-00046767 out the ring and so that'll be pretty
PDWC2imyJzY-00282-00046768-00046839 cool to see
PDWC2imyJzY-00283-00046840-00046990 how well they make that and you know
PDWC2imyJzY-00284-00046991-00047143 what a tires we get and stuff don't
PDWC2imyJzY-00285-00047144-00047271 really care for it to be the chase
PDWC2imyJzY-00286-00047272-00047415 though i think that you know bobby
PDWC2imyJzY-00287-00047416-00047558 lashley or dominic probably would have
PDWC2imyJzY-00288-00047559-00047702 been a cooler one or the one we're going
PDWC2imyJzY-00289-00047703-00047886 to talk about uh here in a few moments
PDWC2imyJzY-00290-00047887-00047935 but
PDWC2imyJzY-00291-00047936-00048190 we also have sergeant slaughter now this
PDWC2imyJzY-00292-00048191-00048335 one for sergeant slaughter
PDWC2imyJzY-00293-00048336-00048462 we did know that we would be getting a
PDWC2imyJzY-00294-00048463-00048655 sergeant slaughter simply because i mean
PDWC2imyJzY-00295-00048656-00048846 good god we're getting colonel mustafa
PDWC2imyJzY-00296-00048847-00049039 so it's gonna match the colonel mustafa
PDWC2imyJzY-00297-00049040-00049239 you know with the the iron chic figure
PDWC2imyJzY-00298-00049240-00049374 and we already saw what this figure
PDWC2imyJzY-00299-00049375-00049502 looks like from elite86
PDWC2imyJzY-00300-00049503-00049695 it is the collector's edition so this
PDWC2imyJzY-00301-00049696-00049839 just makes a lot of sense to me i feel
PDWC2imyJzY-00302-00049840-00049983 like it you know that's kind of a ways
PDWC2imyJzY-00303-00049984-00050046 away
PDWC2imyJzY-00304-00050047-00050335 i feel like you know with elite 86 to 89
PDWC2imyJzY-00305-00050336-00050479 that's a little bit but i guess it's not
PDWC2imyJzY-00306-00050480-00050727 the biggest deal uh but as far as retail
PDWC2imyJzY-00307-00050728-00050862 is concerned it probably will be a
PDWC2imyJzY-00308-00050863-00050990 little bit before you can put both of
PDWC2imyJzY-00309-00050991-00051127 those side by side in your collection
PDWC2imyJzY-00310-00051128-00051158 but
PDWC2imyJzY-00311-00051159-00051287 that one will probably be worth the wait
PDWC2imyJzY-00312-00051288-00051399 because that's one of those holes you'd
PDWC2imyJzY-00313-00051400-00051479 like to fill
PDWC2imyJzY-00314-00051479-00051630 and you got sergeant slaughter coming in
PDWC2imyJzY-00315-00051632-00051742 there and we know what he's going to
PDWC2imyJzY-00316-00051744-00051879 look like so sergeant slaughter should
PDWC2imyJzY-00317-00051879-00051975 be pretty decent
PDWC2imyJzY-00318-00051976-00052135 and then the last figure that is not
PDWC2imyJzY-00319-00052136-00052311 featured on the graphic and it's not
PDWC2imyJzY-00320-00052312-00052542 included in the listing is going to be
PDWC2imyJzY-00321-00052544-00052711 damien priest so damien priest is
PDWC2imyJzY-00322-00052712-00052903 getting an elite figure this custom was
PDWC2imyJzY-00323-00052904-00053023 made by angel
PDWC2imyJzY-00324-00053024-00053199 or angelo you know the one that makes
PDWC2imyJzY-00325-00053200-00053399 the gnati figures or the figures for g
PDWC2imyJzY-00326-00053400-00053663 natty gene addy's figures the mdt custom
PDWC2imyJzY-00327-00053664-00053847 he is a really good customizer so the
PDWC2imyJzY-00328-00053848-00054054 white gear for him looks fantastic even
PDWC2imyJzY-00329-00054055-00054215 the purple gear this is why i think that
PDWC2imyJzY-00330-00054216-00054366 he should have been or the pink gear
PDWC2imyJzY-00331-00054367-00054503 whatever you want to say i think this is
PDWC2imyJzY-00332-00054504-00054654 why he tastes variant so many cool
PDWC2imyJzY-00333-00054655-00054838 tires you could have done and i just
PDWC2imyJzY-00334-00054839-00055038 hope it's not the black pants attire
PDWC2imyJzY-00335-00055039-00055199 i hope it's the white gear where he took
PDWC2imyJzY-00336-00055200-00055375 on finn balor that would be absolutely
PDWC2imyJzY-00337-00055376-00055526 sick and damien priest so i'm not the
PDWC2imyJzY-00338-00055527-00055694 biggest fan of him i think that he makes
PDWC2imyJzY-00339-00055695-00055871 for a really good figure like as an
PDWC2imyJzY-00340-00055872-00056023 action figure he'll look pretty damn
PDWC2imyJzY-00341-00056024-00056199 cool so that will be excellent to see
PDWC2imyJzY-00342-00056200-00056391 for him and we'll see what comes of that
PDWC2imyJzY-00343-00056391-00056607 with elite 89 damien priest but uh
PDWC2imyJzY-00344-00056608-00056735 overall thoughts on the set guys you
PDWC2imyJzY-00345-00056736-00056887 guys can let me know i think it's cool
PDWC2imyJzY-00346-00056888-00057015 that we're gonna get you know
PDWC2imyJzY-00347-00057016-00057199 seeing somebody new like dominic and
PDWC2imyJzY-00348-00057200-00057366 then damien priest is pretty cool but
PDWC2imyJzY-00349-00057367-00057526 the rest of the set is kind of
PDWC2imyJzY-00350-00057527-00057679 you know drew mcintyre kind of boring
PDWC2imyJzY-00351-00057679-00057871 figures bobby lashley is okay i feel
PDWC2imyJzY-00352-00057872-00057999 like his first figure was kind of
PDWC2imyJzY-00353-00058000-00058166 expensive so seeing him get re-released
PDWC2imyJzY-00354-00058167-00058230 will be nice
PDWC2imyJzY-00355-00058232-00058487 nia jax you know i i mean you got to put
PDWC2imyJzY-00356-00058488-00058654 you know an updated women's figure so i
PDWC2imyJzY-00357-00058655-00058775 understand that she's one of those that
PDWC2imyJzY-00358-00058776-00058911 doesn't have the double jointed knees
PDWC2imyJzY-00359-00058912-00059030 just yet so i get it
PDWC2imyJzY-00360-00059032-00059215 it's just kind of like blah and then
PDWC2imyJzY-00361-00059216-00059430 yeah so there's elite 89 we also have a
PDWC2imyJzY-00362-00059432-00059630 look at basic series 125. now i'm just
PDWC2imyJzY-00363-00059632-00059759 gonna run through these i don't think we
PDWC2imyJzY-00364-00059760-00059926 need to really dive too much into it
PDWC2imyJzY-00365-00059927-00060023 just hopefully
PDWC2imyJzY-00366-00060024-00060191 you know the jeff hardy in the set will
PDWC2imyJzY-00367-00060191-00060359 have a new face paint or a good head
PDWC2imyJzY-00368-00060360-00060566 sculpt the isaiah swerve scott hopefully
PDWC2imyJzY-00369-00060567-00060711 he'll also have a really good head
PDWC2imyJzY-00370-00060712-00060871 sculpt convert it to an elite maybe we
PDWC2imyJzY-00371-00060872-00060926 can use some
PDWC2imyJzY-00372-00060927-00061126 surgery or something make a cool isaiah
PDWC2imyJzY-00373-00061127-00061311 swerve scott i still have not
PDWC2imyJzY-00374-00061312-00061463 tracked down some of those basic guys
PDWC2imyJzY-00375-00061464-00061582 that were missing you know the first
PDWC2imyJzY-00376-00061583-00061735 time in the lines things like that
PDWC2imyJzY-00377-00061736-00061894 and then uh you know you got daniel
PDWC2imyJzY-00378-00061895-00062047 bryan jeff hardy elias
PDWC2imyJzY-00379-00062048-00062215 ember moon amber moon hasn't had a
PDWC2imyJzY-00380-00062216-00062375 figure in forever so it's really nice to
PDWC2imyJzY-00381-00062376-00062566 see that too bad it will be a basic
PDWC2imyJzY-00382-00062567-00062726 elias i don't really know what else you
PDWC2imyJzY-00383-00062727-00062871 can do with that one it'll probably be a
PDWC2imyJzY-00384-00062872-00062935 repeat
PDWC2imyJzY-00385-00062936-00063150 and then again daniel bryan i don't know
PDWC2imyJzY-00386-00063151-00063335 how you know if it'll be a re-release
PDWC2imyJzY-00387-00063336-00063494 head sculpt or if it'll be a new sculpt
PDWC2imyJzY-00388-00063495-00063711 hopefully if it is new it will be good
PDWC2imyJzY-00389-00063712-00063911 and then jeff hardy again face paint
PDWC2imyJzY-00390-00063912-00064094 just give this something good man just
PDWC2imyJzY-00391-00064095-00064215 give me something good there for jeff
PDWC2imyJzY-00392-00064216-00064375 hardy for fix up and then last but not
PDWC2imyJzY-00393-00064376-00064526 least guys we do have battle pack
PDWC2imyJzY-00394-00064527-00064766 championship showdown seven now these
PDWC2imyJzY-00395-00064767-00064911 are interesting we're gonna get roman
PDWC2imyJzY-00396-00064912-00065054 reigns and braun strowman
PDWC2imyJzY-00397-00065055-00065238 stone cold steve austin and kane and
PDWC2imyJzY-00398-00065239-00065415 then charlotte versus ria
PDWC2imyJzY-00399-00065416-00065599 so i'm hoping that the charlotte versus
PDWC2imyJzY-00400-00065600-00065759 ria i'm hoping that it's from
PDWC2imyJzY-00401-00065760-00065959 wrestlemania so we get the vegeta
PDWC2imyJzY-00402-00065960-00066119 inspired gear for ria ripley i think
PDWC2imyJzY-00403-00066120-00066175 that would be
PDWC2imyJzY-00404-00066176-00066350 super badass we also have stone cold
PDWC2imyJzY-00405-00066351-00066511 steve austin and kane i'm guessing it's
PDWC2imyJzY-00406-00066512-00066615 probably going to be from the royal
PDWC2imyJzY-00407-00066616-00066759 rumble or something it'll probably have
PDWC2imyJzY-00408-00066760-00066855 you know the cane
PDWC2imyJzY-00409-00066856-00066991 you know that new basic king that we're
PDWC2imyJzY-00410-00066992-00067143 getting it'll probably be that hit
PDWC2imyJzY-00411-00067144-00067199 sculpt
PDWC2imyJzY-00412-00067200-00067399 in a battle pack we'll probably get you
PDWC2imyJzY-00413-00067400-00067599 know the royal rumble elite stone cold
PDWC2imyJzY-00414-00067600-00067750 steve austin in basic form with the new
PDWC2imyJzY-00415-00067751-00067911 head sculpt and then roman reigns and
PDWC2imyJzY-00416-00067912-00068094 braun strowman probably a bald stroman
PDWC2imyJzY-00417-00068095-00068287 head sculpt and roman reigns will have
PDWC2imyJzY-00418-00068288-00068447 you know his deal that he always has
PDWC2imyJzY-00419-00068448-00068591 with the head and the stuff and they'll
PDWC2imyJzY-00420-00068592-00068726 probably be when he won the
PDWC2imyJzY-00421-00068727-00068863 you know the universal championship
PDWC2imyJzY-00422-00068864-00069031 against the fiend and braun or whatever
PDWC2imyJzY-00423-00069032-00069111 that was so
PDWC2imyJzY-00424-00069112-00069343 that should be very interesting indeed
PDWC2imyJzY-00425-00069344-00069479 but that does it for your battle pack
PDWC2imyJzY-00426-00069480-00069623 championship showdown seven
PDWC2imyJzY-00427-00069624-00069775 and i think that's all the news let me
PDWC2imyJzY-00428-00069776-00069894 know what you guys think about it down
PDWC2imyJzY-00429-00069895-00070015 below what do you think of the ringside
PDWC2imyJzY-00430-00070016-00070103 exclusive
PDWC2imyJzY-00431-00070104-00070231 you know luchasaurus and stuff that
PDWC2imyJzY-00432-00070232-00070319 we're probably going to be getting
PDWC2imyJzY-00433-00070320-00070463 tomorrow i will cover that on the
PDWC2imyJzY-00434-00070464-00070638 channel so definitely stay tuned for it
PDWC2imyJzY-00435-00070639-00070791 before we get out of here guys let's get
PDWC2imyJzY-00436-00070792-00071038 into our random shout out and this shout
PDWC2imyJzY-00437-00071039-00071231 out is going to go to khalil cannon who
PDWC2imyJzY-00438-00071232-00071455 says william regal is so underrated sad
PDWC2imyJzY-00439-00071456-00071647 face they need to make more elite regals
PDWC2imyJzY-00440-00071648-00071782 and i agree man like
PDWC2imyJzY-00441-00071783-00071982 why haven't we gotten an nxt suited
PDWC2imyJzY-00442-00071983-00072135 regal i think we were supposed to but it
PDWC2imyJzY-00443-00072136-00072294 got canceled or something
PDWC2imyJzY-00444-00072295-00072462 uh there's just so many different regals
PDWC2imyJzY-00445-00072463-00072655 we could get even like one
PDWC2imyJzY-00446-00072656-00072855 from the elite eight just re-release it
PDWC2imyJzY-00447-00072856-00072959 down the line like give them the
PDWC2imyJzY-00448-00072960-00073103 intercontinental championship or
PDWC2imyJzY-00449-00073104-00073255 something and like re-release it
PDWC2imyJzY-00450-00073256-00073423 i think that would be absolutely epic or
PDWC2imyJzY-00451-00073424-00073559 something they could they could just do
PDWC2imyJzY-00452-00073560-00073711 so many great things so
PDWC2imyJzY-00453-00073712-00073903 hopefully they do end up giving us some
PDWC2imyJzY-00454-00073904-00074023 more regals i mean while he's in the
PDWC2imyJzY-00455-00074024-00074159 company man you might as well
PDWC2imyJzY-00456-00074160-00074367 release some damn regals but that pretty
PDWC2imyJzY-00457-00074368-00074462 much does it
PDWC2imyJzY-00458-00074463-00074655 for today's video and all the news guys
PDWC2imyJzY-00459-00074656-00074767 let me know what you think of all of it
PDWC2imyJzY-00460-00074768-00074894 down in the comment section below but
PDWC2imyJzY-00461-00074895-00074982 i'm getting out of here thank you for
PDWC2imyJzY-00462-00074983-00075103 watching subscribe to the channel and
PDWC2imyJzY-00463-00075104-00075175 i'll see you guys
PDWC2imyJzY-00464-00075176-00075650 in the next video and don't cross the
PDWC2imyJzY-00465-00075651-00075882 line
PDWC2imyJzY-00466-00075883-00077082 [Music]
PDWC2imyJzY-00467-00077083-00077706 is
PDWC2imyJzY-00468-00077707-00078007 well
PE-TobGlQAY-00000-00000000-00000176 and a fifteen-year-old is being charged
PE-TobGlQAY-00001-00000177-00000316 with terrorism it's one of the youngest
PE-TobGlQAY-00002-00000317-00000484 ever but this story is really about a
PE-TobGlQAY-00003-00000485-00000692 kid who was being bullied he finally
PE-TobGlQAY-00004-00000693-00000746 snapped
PE-TobGlQAY-00005-00000747-00001019 Brent Clarke is his name who's 14 at the
PE-TobGlQAY-00006-00001019-00001174 time says he was bullied for nine
PE-TobGlQAY-00007-00001175-00001370 straight months well finally snapped
PE-TobGlQAY-00008-00001371-00001504 took a knife to school it was gonna go
PE-TobGlQAY-00009-00001505-00001688 after his tormentor well that kid wasn't
PE-TobGlQAY-00010-00001689-00001937 at school so instead he turned on a 14
PE-TobGlQAY-00011-00001938-00002099 year old girl and held a knife to her
PE-TobGlQAY-00012-00002100-00002342 throat she wasn't hurt but Clarke was
PE-TobGlQAY-00013-00002343-00002522 charged with kidnapping we'll pick up
PE-TobGlQAY-00014-00002523-00002710 the story now with Brent Clarke's mom
PE-TobGlQAY-00015-00002711-00002917 Dannette Reed and also their attorney
PE-TobGlQAY-00016-00002918-00003080 David Michael Cantor thank you both for
PE-TobGlQAY-00017-00003081-00003284 joining us mom let's start with you all
PE-TobGlQAY-00018-00003285-00003488 right where the terrorism charges coming
PE-TobGlQAY-00019-00003489-00003638 now get the kidnapping when he holds a
PE-TobGlQAY-00020-00003639-00003770 knife to the 14 year olds throat but
PE-TobGlQAY-00021-00003771-00004022 where's kidnap trespass terrorism come
PE-TobGlQAY-00022-00004022-00004583 in thank you they didn't like what he
PE-TobGlQAY-00023-00004584-00004784 was thinking at the time what was he
PE-TobGlQAY-00024-00004785-00005020 thinking he actually was thinking
PE-TobGlQAY-00025-00005021-00005252 suicide by cop that's the state we found
PE-TobGlQAY-00026-00005253-00005443 him in so he would he have vignette you
PE-TobGlQAY-00027-00005444-00005585 have items in his backpack that really
PE-TobGlQAY-00028-00005586-00005783 alarmed you and police right he had a
PE-TobGlQAY-00029-00005784-00006101 loaded gun three knives duct tape his
PE-TobGlQAY-00030-00006102-00006343 whole plan was to take his class hostage
PE-TobGlQAY-00031-00006344-00006745 right and you said be killed by police I
PE-TobGlQAY-00032-00006747-00006998 think that's all that so what did you do
PE-TobGlQAY-00033-00006998-00007189 you you find the backpack is that what
PE-TobGlQAY-00034-00007190-00007466 happened we found him in our home okay
PE-TobGlQAY-00035-00007467-00007656 and we called the police in the school
PE-TobGlQAY-00036-00007658-00008074 asking for their assistance we took him
PE-TobGlQAY-00037-00008075-00008408 to the police at the school and we were
PE-TobGlQAY-00038-00008409-00008630 tricked the next thing we knew he'd been
PE-TobGlQAY-00039-00008631-00008839 charged him incarcerated David how were
PE-TobGlQAY-00040-00008840-00009053 they tricked well basically what
PE-TobGlQAY-00041-00009054-00009196 happened was the principal and the
PE-TobGlQAY-00042-00009197-00009389 police said look we want to get Brent
PE-TobGlQAY-00043-00009390-00009599 some help bring him down we'll help him
PE-TobGlQAY-00044-00009600-00009806 get committed some psychological help
PE-TobGlQAY-00045-00009807-00010010 and counseling and instead what they did
PE-TobGlQAY-00046-00010011-00010208 was took him into custody and he spent
PE-TobGlQAY-00047-00010209-00010471 the next eight months in a jail where he
PE-TobGlQAY-00048-00010472-00010663 received no psychological counseling or
PE-TobGlQAY-00049-00010664-00010846 help and was basically beat up on a
PE-TobGlQAY-00050-00010847-00011108 regular basis so what are your legal
PE-TobGlQAY-00051-00011109-00011333 options here you're facing obviously the
PE-TobGlQAY-00052-00011334-00011453 kidnapping charge and holding the knife
PE-TobGlQAY-00053-00011454-00011594 to the throat of a 14 year old the
PE-TobGlQAY-00054-00011595-00011785 terrorism because of what he was going
PE-TobGlQAY-00055-00011786-00011951 to do with the stuff in his backpack and
PE-TobGlQAY-00056-00011952-00012064 hold his class hostage what are you
PE-TobGlQAY-00057-00012065-00012287 going legally well basically he's
PE-TobGlQAY-00058-00012288-00012494 sitting in his house playing video games
PE-TobGlQAY-00059-00012495-00012662 when his father gets home and finds the
PE-TobGlQAY-00060-00012663-00012899 backpack which also had certain mementos
PE-TobGlQAY-00061-00012900-00013082 and personal items and he was planning
PE-TobGlQAY-00062-00013083-00013310 on committing suicide but he never left
PE-TobGlQAY-00063-00013311-00013346 his
PE-TobGlQAY-00064-00013347-00013586 he never hurt anybody the terrorism
PE-TobGlQAY-00065-00013587-00013925 charge is is frankly it's a joke and the
PE-TobGlQAY-00066-00013926-00014041 county attorney in this case should have
PE-TobGlQAY-00067-00014043-00014183 never charged that I believe it was a
PE-TobGlQAY-00068-00014184-00014450 political stunt in regards to the other
PE-TobGlQAY-00069-00014451-00014690 two charges the girl was never harmed
PE-TobGlQAY-00070-00014691-00014927 never cut she was let go she walked away
PE-TobGlQAY-00071-00014928-00015065 she didn't run away
PE-TobGlQAY-00072-00015066-00015293 and Brent is the one who ran home and it
PE-TobGlQAY-00073-00015294-00015538 wasn't even until the next day that the
PE-TobGlQAY-00074-00015540-00015797 police got involved with Brent's family
PE-TobGlQAY-00075-00015797-00016004 Danette so you have to make a call here
PE-TobGlQAY-00076-00016005-00016184 you could take a plea deal and he's
PE-TobGlQAY-00077-00016185-00016369 gonna get what six years in jail if you
PE-TobGlQAY-00078-00016371-00016577 plea on the terrorism charge or you can
PE-TobGlQAY-00079-00016578-00016712 fight it and there's no guarantees there
PE-TobGlQAY-00080-00016713-00017105 a tough decision huh absolutely well and
PE-TobGlQAY-00081-00017106-00017285 Mike basically the plea deal is a
PE-TobGlQAY-00082-00017286-00017540 minimum of two years in prison a maximum
PE-TobGlQAY-00083-00017541-00017831 of 8.75 but if he goes to trial and
PE-TobGlQAY-00084-00017832-00018086 loses his minimum is 45 years of day
PE-TobGlQAY-00085-00018087-00018305 4-day prison so it is a tough choice
PE-TobGlQAY-00086-00018306-00018479 what do you how you feelin you're gonna
PE-TobGlQAY-00087-00018480-00018638 get him you feel confident at least get
PE-TobGlQAY-00088-00018639-00018806 him off the Terrorism charge well the
PE-TobGlQAY-00089-00018807-00019007 Terrorism charge is being dropped for
PE-TobGlQAY-00090-00019008-00019169 soon to a plea agreement and if we went
PE-TobGlQAY-00091-00019170-00019322 to trial yes I'm confident that would be
PE-TobGlQAY-00092-00019323-00019583 thrown out but we feel that he's done
PE-TobGlQAY-00093-00019584-00019904 enough time and that probation with the
PE-TobGlQAY-00094-00019905-00020069 eight months time served would be more
PE-TobGlQAY-00095-00020070-00020258 appropriate in this case because if you
PE-TobGlQAY-00096-00020259-00020414 put him in prison he's not going to come
PE-TobGlQAY-00097-00020415-00020597 out of prison a better person than he is
PE-TobGlQAY-00098-00020598-00020828 his best shot is being at home with his
PE-TobGlQAY-00099-00020829-00021014 mother and father getting counseling
PE-TobGlQAY-00100-00021015-00021260 with a high prison term hanging over his
PE-TobGlQAY-00101-00021261-00021425 head to make sure that he complies yeah
PE-TobGlQAY-00102-00021426-00021593 I know he said he he has taken
PE-TobGlQAY-00103-00021594-00021827 responsibility he knows punishment has
PE-TobGlQAY-00104-00021828-00021998 come with the gate months would it would
PE-TobGlQAY-00105-00021999-00022169 if more punishment comes he okay with
PE-TobGlQAY-00106-00022170-00022376 that as long as it's not excessive well
PE-TobGlQAY-00107-00022377-00022607 you know he has to do what he has to do
PE-TobGlQAY-00108-00022608-00022850 but you know the message here by giving
PE-TobGlQAY-00109-00022851-00023044 him prison time basically the county
PE-TobGlQAY-00110-00023045-00023246 attorney is telling people don't call
PE-TobGlQAY-00111-00023247-00023444 the police for help if you're a parent
PE-TobGlQAY-00112-00023445-00023738 instead take the backpack hide it in the
PE-TobGlQAY-00113-00023739-00023951 closet and then tell Brent don't answer
PE-TobGlQAY-00114-00023952-00024233 any questions and we'll deal with just
PE-TobGlQAY-00115-00024234-00024419 the knife charge and if that were the
PE-TobGlQAY-00116-00024420-00024602 case he would have already been that
PE-TobGlQAY-00117-00024603-00024728 this case would have been resolved he'd
PE-TobGlQAY-00118-00024729-00024875 be on probation right now and he
PE-TobGlQAY-00119-00024876-00025016 probably would have only done maybe a
PE-TobGlQAY-00120-00025017-00025157 month or two in jail right and I'm sure
PE-TobGlQAY-00121-00025158-00025406 myself included I believe repercussions
PE-TobGlQAY-00122-00025407-00025526 should have there should be consequences
PE-TobGlQAY-00123-00025527-00025649 you hold a knife to a 14 year olds
PE-TobGlQAY-00124-00025650-00025826 throat but a terrorism charge and
PE-TobGlQAY-00125-00025827-00026008 excessive years in prison I agree that
PE-TobGlQAY-00126-00026010-00026192 that's too much there well Jeanette Reid
PE-TobGlQAY-00127-00026193-00026339 and David can't talk sorry David we got
PE-TobGlQAY-00128-00026339-00026486 to run appreciate your time thank you
PE-TobGlQAY-00129-00026487-00026768 both thank you
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00000-00000037-00000335 [Music]
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00001-00000336-00000583 foreign
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00002-00000584-00001698 [Music]
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00003-00001700-00001948 a little different right now kind of
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00004-00001950-00002309 kind of sick but before we get into it I
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00005-00002310-00002597 got to tell you a couple things
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00006-00002598-00002945 so last week on Friday I got into a car
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00007-00002946-00003100 accident
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00008-00003101-00003383 yeah I
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00009-00003384-00003629 yeah there's no excuse to ship it took
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00010-00003629-00003935 off this much time but you know I'm not
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00011-00003936-00004103 looking for no sympathy for anybody or
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00012-00004104-00004354 anything I'm just telling you what
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00013-00004355-00004756 happened and why I took so much time off
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00014-00004757-00005081 so we're trying to go back to the
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00015-00005082-00005309 consistent places got a couple of things
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00016-00005310-00005704 planned out coming up but this game I'm
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00017-00005705-00005938 only doing nothing but assist we got
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00018-00005939-00006245 some gameplay and I'll catch on the next
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00019-00006246-00006592 one is your boys Jackson peace
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00020-00006593-00007691 know
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00021-00007692-00008519 pretty
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00022-00008520-00008777 rsmg
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00023-00008778-00009774 wingman
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00025-00013445-00014351 of what
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00026-00014352-00014597 oh you know what I'll just use Nemesis
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00027-00014597-00015316 or R9 [__] it
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00028-00015318-00015479 Academy here
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00029-00015480-00018305 by the Earth again yep
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00030-00018306-00020741 the [__] two downs
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00031-00020742-00020993 thank you
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00032-00020994-00022000 oh the [__] dipped out
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00033-00022001-00022121 he's most likely going to run into
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00034-00022122-00022277 another team right now anyway so it's
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00035-00022278-00022811 all good
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00036-00022812-00023963 I
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00037-00023964-00024227 don't care I can offer a reading okay
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00038-00024228-00024580 there's re-45 and
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00039-00024581-00025594 I'm gonna go uh
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00040-00025595-00025984 let's head out
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00041-00025985-00026243 let's go to power grid
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00042-00026244-00027143 wait somebody just came back
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00043-00027144-00027857 yeah she's kind of stupid
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00044-00027858-00028193 the hell
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00045-00028194-00028385 brother you got to be more smarter than
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00046-00028386-00029849 that bro
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00047-00029850-00030635 thank you
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00048-00030636-00031157 you say looking for what
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00049-00031158-00032537 okay
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00050-00032538-00032837 alternator light ammo here light up
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00051-00032838-00033599 light ammo here
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00052-00033600-00033893 you might be your team in uh
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00053-00033894-00034133 by night right now
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00054-00034134-00034361 I don't know
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00055-00034362-00034481 there was somebody that went through
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00056-00034482-00034631 there so they probably rotated already
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00057-00034632-00034985 and they probably went to turbine
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00058-00034986-00035579 air res somebody just revs
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00059-00035580-00036059 come on me we're gonna
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00060-00036060-00036365 yeah I'm chilling I'm chilling come on
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00061-00036366-00037768 come grab this go knock bro
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00062-00037769-00038045 a backpack here knock down Shield here
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00063-00038046-00038267 level four where's right here at five
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00064-00038268-00039317 night
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00065-00039318-00039611 s yo you're good you're good
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00066-00039612-00039773 come grab this gold Knock First grab the
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00067-00039774-00039940 gold Knock first and then we'll rotate
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00068-00039941-00040480 in and fight that
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00069-00040481-00041477 I'm watching back door right now
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00070-00041478-00041621 yeah they're inside the fight night
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00071-00041622-00041909 right now
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00072-00041910-00043085 yep I'm walking up
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00073-00043086-00043867 we have an enemy out there
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00074-00043868-00044068 for 50.
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00075-00044069-00044243 I want to pop this sale and I'm gonna go
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00076-00044244-00046343 to this door right here
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00078-00052412-00053542 making damage
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00079-00053544-00054250 Phoenix yet
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00080-00054251-00054580 a challenger I don't know folks does
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00081-00054582-00055888 this look like
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00082-00055889-00056650 John real quick drop your drone
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00083-00056651-00056885 do you got any more sales yeah I'll take
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00084-00056886-00057197 that
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00085-00057198-00057799 all right
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00086-00057800-00059238 appreciate it
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00087-00059239-00059471 rotate back this way we're taking over
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00088-00059472-00059730 here
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00089-00059732-00060329 calling to us
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00090-00060329-00060688 okay veggie snipers bro
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00091-00060689-00062459 3000
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00092-00062460-00064763 again
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00093-00064764-00066335 bangalore's crack
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00094-00066336-00066971 s to the skies a clear package
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00095-00066972-00067919 oh my gosh bro
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00096-00067920-00068141 oh
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00097-00068142-00068603 no I'm gonna go there's a gold Lobby
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00098-00068604-00069065 but it's full of diamond and Masters
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00099-00069066-00069756 players
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00100-00069757-00070031 I'm just starting to get used to Horizon
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00101-00070032-00070282 right now
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00102-00070283-00071861 trying to get to know her
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00103-00071862-00072881 should die today bro
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00104-00072882-00073049 I don't know how you indicted that but
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00105-00073050-00075521 okay
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00106-00075522-00076475 a lot of mine is pissing me off
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00107-00076476-00079397 was that Lifeline solo
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00108-00079398-00081143 I have no needs
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00109-00081144-00082144 I do I know I'm good bro
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00110-00082145-00083024 I didn't skate this way
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00111-00083025-00083285 [Music]
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00112-00083286-00084376 attention delivering care package
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00113-00084377-00084647 behind us is a
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00114-00084648-00084821 hey there's a there's a respawn right
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00115-00084822-00085031 there bro there's a respawn right there
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00116-00085032-00085193 look look behind you look behind you
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00117-00085194-00085781 look behind you
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00118-00085782-00086123 come up to me
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00119-00086124-00086381 clear our backs first
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00120-00086382-00086873 Army
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00121-00086874-00087275 look down look down look down up down
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00122-00087276-00088132 Verizon wants that
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00123-00088133-00088276 all the way back there look all the way
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00124-00088277-00088649 back there
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00125-00088650-00089656 how to pop out
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00126-00089657-00089932 I'm at 95 old right now I have no needs
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00127-00089933-00090005 to
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00128-00090006-00092200 are there any nades in there
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00129-00092201-00093485 foreign
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00130-00093486-00093743 you guys have nades
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00131-00093744-00093887 you guys have
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00132-00093888-00094355 okay
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00133-00094356-00094741 okay
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00134-00094742-00094943 yeah let's let's go to that building
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00135-00094944-00095531 that we were in right there
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00136-00095532-00095656 the right side go right side go right
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00137-00095657-00096617 side go right side go right side
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00138-00096618-00097037 great to hear 50.
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00139-00097038-00097205 write this album tracks rate this crack
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00140-00097206-00097765 I gotta pop back this is my last bet
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00141-00097766-00099071 you're good
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00142-00099072-00100693 foreign
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00143-00100694-00101980 [Music]
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00144-00101981-00104857 [Music]
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00145-00104858-00105895 oh my bad
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00146-00105896-00106451 yeah it does
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00147-00106452-00106806 hey jeez man
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00148-00106807-00107051 [Music]
PF9NiPMN2Sc-00149-00107052-00107282 foreign
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00000-00000621-00001222 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00001-00001223-00002871 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00002-00002872-00005491 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00003-00005492-00006655 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00004-00006656-00007641 do
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00005-00007642-00009191 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00006-00009192-00011392 so
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00008-00015749-00016135 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00009-00016136-00016581 so
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00010-00016582-00017333 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00011-00017334-00019207 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00012-00019208-00021967 so
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00013-00021968-00023398 do
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00018-00045192-00046686 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00019-00046687-00048687 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00021-00054560-00056791 uh
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00022-00056792-00058309 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00023-00058310-00061244 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00026-00072216-00073711 so
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00027-00073712-00074991 so
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00028-00074992-00076088 so
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00030-00080063-00080648 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00032-00083759-00084428 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00033-00084429-00086703 [Music]
PHDHCM-3eAQ-00034-00086704-00086912 you
PHJzD9i91nE-00000-00000052-00000306 an arcade cabinet also known as an
PHJzD9i91nE-00001-00000307-00000536 arcade coin op machine is the housing
PHJzD9i91nE-00002-00000537-00000740 within which am arcade games electronic
PHJzD9i91nE-00003-00000741-00001041 hardware resides most cabinets designed
PHJzD9i91nE-00004-00001042-00001272 since the mid-1980s conformed to the
PHJzD9i91nE-00005-00001273-00001506 Japanese amusement machine Manufacturers
PHJzD9i91nE-00006-00001507-00001845 Association JAMA wiring standard some
PHJzD9i91nE-00007-00001846-00002007 include additional connectors for
PHJzD9i91nE-00008-00002007-00002663 features not included in the standard
PHJzD9i91nE-00009-00002664-00003279 topic parts of an arcade cabinet
PHJzD9i91nE-00010-00003280-00003543 because arcade cabinets vary according
PHJzD9i91nE-00011-00003544-00003688 to the games they were built for or
PHJzD9i91nE-00012-00003689-00003886 contain they may well not possess all of
PHJzD9i91nE-00013-00003886-00004228 the parts listed below output on which
PHJzD9i91nE-00014-00004229-00004486 the game is displayed they may display
PHJzD9i91nE-00015-00004487-00004699 either raster or vector graphics raster
PHJzD9i91nE-00016-00004700-00005022 being most common standard resolution as
PHJzD9i91nE-00017-00005023-00005461 between 260 2.5 and 315 vertical lines
PHJzD9i91nE-00018-00005462-00005650 depending on the refresh rate usually
PHJzD9i91nE-00019-00005651-00006016 between 50 and 60 Hertz slower refresh
PHJzD9i91nE-00020-00006017-00006175 rates allow for better vertical
PHJzD9i91nE-00021-00006176-00006414 resolution monitors may be oriented
PHJzD9i91nE-00022-00006415-00006627 horizontally or vertically depending on
PHJzD9i91nE-00023-00006628-00006891 the game some games use more than one
PHJzD9i91nE-00024-00006892-00007113 monitor some newer cabinets have
PHJzD9i91nE-00025-00007114-00007223 monitors that can display
PHJzD9i91nE-00026-00007225-00007413 high-definition video
PHJzD9i91nE-00027-00007414-00007749 printed circuit boards PCB or arcade
PHJzD9i91nE-00028-00007750-00007980 system boards the actual Hardware upon
PHJzD9i91nE-00029-00007981-00008230 which the game runs hidden within the
PHJzD9i91nE-00030-00008231-00008535 cabinet some systems such as the SNK Neo
PHJzD9i91nE-00031-00008536-00008835 Geo MVS use a mainboard with game cards
PHJzD9i91nE-00032-00008836-00009121 some main boards may hold multiple game
PHJzD9i91nE-00033-00009122-00009399 carts as well a power supplied to
PHJzD9i91nE-00034-00009400-00009649 provide DC power to the arcade system
PHJzD9i91nE-00035-00009650-00009831 boards and low voltage lighting for the
PHJzD9i91nE-00036-00009832-00010167 coin slots and lighted buttons a marquee
PHJzD9i91nE-00037-00010168-00010374 a sign above the monitor displaying the
PHJzD9i91nE-00038-00010375-00010606 game's title they are often brightly
PHJzD9i91nE-00039-00010607-00010935 colored and backlit a bezel which is the
PHJzD9i91nE-00040-00010936-00011160 border around the monitor it may contain
PHJzD9i91nE-00041-00011161-00011494 instructions or artwork a control panel
PHJzD9i91nE-00042-00011495-00011727 a level surface near the monitor upon
PHJzD9i91nE-00043-00011728-00011931 which the game's controls are arranged
PHJzD9i91nE-00044-00011932-00012174 control panels sometimes have playing
PHJzD9i91nE-00045-00012175-00012430 instructions players often pile their
PHJzD9i91nE-00046-00012431-00012652 coins or tokens on the control panels of
PHJzD9i91nE-00047-00012653-00012988 upright and cocktail cabinets coin slots
PHJzD9i91nE-00048-00012988-00013243 coin returns in the coin box which allow
PHJzD9i91nE-00049-00013244-00013513 for the exchange of money or tokens they
PHJzD9i91nE-00050-00013513-00013768 are usually below the control panel very
PHJzD9i91nE-00051-00013769-00014013 often translucent red plastic buttons
PHJzD9i91nE-00052-00014015-00014194 are placed in between the coin return
PHJzD9i91nE-00053-00014194-00014437 and the coin slot when they are pressed
PHJzD9i91nE-00054-00014438-00014650 a coin or token that has become jammed
PHJzD9i91nE-00055-00014651-00014847 in the coin mechanism is returned to the
PHJzD9i91nE-00056-00014848-00015159 player see coin acceptor early coin
PHJzD9i91nE-00057-00015160-00015384 slots could be defeated using a piezo
PHJzD9i91nE-00058-00015385-00015588 electric gas fire or gas oven igniter
PHJzD9i91nE-00059-00015590-00015805 held against the steel bodywork of the
PHJzD9i91nE-00060-00015806-00016027 cabinet thus enabling free credits to be
PHJzD9i91nE-00061-00016028-00016314 obtained in some arcades the coin slot
PHJzD9i91nE-00062-00016315-00016507 is replaced with a card reader that
PHJzD9i91nE-00063-00016508-00016663 reads data from a game
PHJzD9i91nE-00064-00016664-00016879 but from the arcade operator the sides
PHJzD9i91nE-00065-00016880-00017065 of the arcade cabinet are usually
PHJzD9i91nE-00066-00017066-00017251 decorated with brightly colored stickers
PHJzD9i91nE-00067-00017252-00017446 or paint representing the gameplay of
PHJzD9i91nE-00068-00017447-00018054 their particular game
PHJzD9i91nE-00069-00018055-00018614 topic types of cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00070-00018615-00018866 there are many types of arcade cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00071-00018867-00019069 some in fact being custom made for a
PHJzD9i91nE-00072-00019070-00019300 particular game however the most common
PHJzD9i91nE-00073-00019301-00019483 are the upright the cocktail or table
PHJzD9i91nE-00074-00019484-00020047 and the sit down
PHJzD9i91nE-00075-00020048-00020586 topic upright cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00076-00020587-00020819 upright cabinets are by far the most
PHJzD9i91nE-00077-00020820-00021080 common in North America they are usually
PHJzD9i91nE-00078-00021081-00021330 made of wood and metal about 6 feet or 2
PHJzD9i91nE-00079-00021331-00021536 meters tall with the control panel set
PHJzD9i91nE-00080-00021537-00021741 perpendicular to the monitor at slightly
PHJzD9i91nE-00081-00021742-00021999 above waist level the monitor is housed
PHJzD9i91nE-00082-00022000-00022208 inside the cabinet at approximately eye
PHJzD9i91nE-00083-00022209-00022503 level the Marquis is above it and often
PHJzD9i91nE-00084-00022504-00022808 overhangs it controls are most commonly
PHJzD9i91nE-00085-00022809-00023013 a joystick for as many players as the
PHJzD9i91nE-00086-00023014-00023202 game allows plus action buttons in
PHJzD9i91nE-00087-00023203-00023466 player buttons which serve the same
PHJzD9i91nE-00088-00023467-00023667 purpose as the start button on console
PHJzD9i91nE-00089-00023668-00023964 game pads track balls are sometimes used
PHJzD9i91nE-00090-00023965-00024206 instead of joysticks especially in games
PHJzD9i91nE-00091-00024207-00024555 from the early 1980s spinners knobs for
PHJzD9i91nE-00092-00024556-00024875 turning also called paddle controls are
PHJzD9i91nE-00093-00024876-00025080 used to control game elements that move
PHJzD9i91nE-00094-00025081-00025314 strictly horizontally or vertically such
PHJzD9i91nE-00095-00025315-00025502 as the paddles in arkanoid and pong
PHJzD9i91nE-00096-00025503-00025943 games such as Robotron 2084 Smash TV and
PHJzD9i91nE-00097-00025944-00026162 battlezone use double joysticks instead
PHJzD9i91nE-00098-00026163-00026424 of action buttons some versions of the
PHJzD9i91nE-00099-00026425-00026564 original Street Fighter had
PHJzD9i91nE-00100-00026566-00026754 pressure-sensitive rubber pads instead
PHJzD9i91nE-00101-00026755-00027054 of buttons if an upright is housing a
PHJzD9i91nE-00102-00027055-00027231 driving game it may have a steering
PHJzD9i91nE-00103-00027232-00027417 wheel and throttle pedal instead of a
PHJzD9i91nE-00104-00027418-00027683 joystick and buttons if the upright is
PHJzD9i91nE-00105-00027684-00027855 housing a shooting game it may have
PHJzD9i91nE-00106-00027856-00028032 light guns attached to the front of the
PHJzD9i91nE-00107-00028033-00028335 machine via durable cables some arcade
PHJzD9i91nE-00108-00028336-00028520 machines had the monitor placed at the
PHJzD9i91nE-00109-00028522-00028674 bottom of the cabinet with a mirror
PHJzD9i91nE-00110-00028675-00028908 mounted at around 45 degrees above the
PHJzD9i91nE-00111-00028908-00029165 screen facing the player this was done
PHJzD9i91nE-00112-00029166-00029442 to save space a large CRT monitor would
PHJzD9i91nE-00113-00029443-00029589 otherwise poke out the back of the
PHJzD9i91nE-00114-00029589-00029814 cabinet and possibly to avoid eye strain
PHJzD9i91nE-00115-00029814-00029996 from looking directly up close at the
PHJzD9i91nE-00116-00029997-00030221 monitor to correct for the mirrored
PHJzD9i91nE-00117-00030222-00030426 image some games had an option to flip
PHJzD9i91nE-00118-00030427-00030608 the video output using a dip switch
PHJzD9i91nE-00119-00030609-00030867 setting other genres of games such as
PHJzD9i91nE-00120-00030868-00031052 guitar freaks feature controllers
PHJzD9i91nE-00121-00031053-00031358 resembling musical instruments upright
PHJzD9i91nE-00122-00031359-00031562 cabinet shaped designs varies from the
PHJzD9i91nE-00123-00031563-00031787 simplest symmetric perpendicular boxes
PHJzD9i91nE-00124-00031788-00031962 as with Star Trek to complicated
PHJzD9i91nE-00125-00031963-00032304 asymmetric forms games are typically for
PHJzD9i91nE-00126-00032305-00032532 one or two players however games such as
PHJzD9i91nE-00127-00032533-00032757 gauntlet feature as many as four sets of
PHJzD9i91nE-00128-00032758-00033301 controls
PHJzD9i91nE-00129-00033302-00033911 topic cocktail or table cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00130-00033912-00034154 cocktail cabinets are shaped like low
PHJzD9i91nE-00131-00034155-00034358 rectangular tables with the controls
PHJzD9i91nE-00132-00034359-00034562 usually set at either of the broad ends
PHJzD9i91nE-00133-00034563-00034787 ortho not as common at the narrow ends
PHJzD9i91nE-00134-00034788-00034970 and the monitor inside the table the
PHJzD9i91nE-00135-00034971-00035246 screen facing upward two-player games
PHJzD9i91nE-00136-00035247-00035414 housed in cocktails were usually
PHJzD9i91nE-00137-00035415-00035723 alternate each player taking turns the
PHJzD9i91nE-00138-00035724-00035954 monitor reverses its orientation game
PHJzD9i91nE-00139-00035955-00036179 software controlled for each player so
PHJzD9i91nE-00140-00036180-00036371 that everything seems right-side up from
PHJzD9i91nE-00141-00036372-00036637 each perspective this requires special
PHJzD9i91nE-00142-00036638-00036830 programming of the cocktail versions of
PHJzD9i91nE-00143-00036831-00037127 the game usually set by dip switches the
PHJzD9i91nE-00144-00037128-00037346 monitors orientation is usually in
PHJzD9i91nE-00145-00037347-00037550 player twos favor only in two-player
PHJzD9i91nE-00146-00037551-00037757 games when its player two's turn and in
PHJzD9i91nE-00147-00037758-00038017 player ones favor all other times
PHJzD9i91nE-00148-00038018-00038264 simultaneous for player games that are
PHJzD9i91nE-00149-00038265-00038480 built as a cocktail include warlords and
PHJzD9i91nE-00150-00038481-00038801 others cocktail cabinet versions were
PHJzD9i91nE-00151-00038802-00038999 usually released alongside the upright
PHJzD9i91nE-00152-00039000-00039212 version of the same game they were
PHJzD9i91nE-00153-00039213-00039425 relatively common in the 1980s
PHJzD9i91nE-00154-00039426-00039620 especially during the Golden Age of
PHJzD9i91nE-00155-00039621-00039800 arcade games but have since lost
PHJzD9i91nE-00156-00039801-00040070 popularity their main advantage over
PHJzD9i91nE-00157-00040071-00040262 upright cabinets was their smaller size
PHJzD9i91nE-00158-00040263-00040477 making them seem less obtrusive
PHJzD9i91nE-00159-00040478-00040694 although requiring more floor space more
PHJzD9i91nE-00160-00040695-00040895 so by having players seated at each end
PHJzD9i91nE-00161-00040896-00041146 the top of the table was covered with a
PHJzD9i91nE-00162-00041147-00041339 piece of tempered glass making it
PHJzD9i91nE-00163-00041340-00041519 convenient to set drinks on hence the
PHJzD9i91nE-00164-00041520-00041683 name and they were often seen in bars
PHJzD9i91nE-00165-00041684-00042230 and pubs
PHJzD9i91nE-00166-00042231-00042770 topic candy cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00167-00042771-00042992 owing to the resemblance of the plastic
PHJzD9i91nE-00168-00042993-00043082 to hard candy
PHJzD9i91nE-00169-00043083-00043325 they are often known as candy cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00170-00043326-00043616 by both arcade enthusiasts and by people
PHJzD9i91nE-00171-00043617-00043847 in the industry they are also generally
PHJzD9i91nE-00172-00043848-00044030 easier to clean and move than upright
PHJzD9i91nE-00173-00044031-00044255 cabinets but usually just as heavy as
PHJzD9i91nE-00174-00044256-00044537 most have twenty-nine screens as opposed
PHJzD9i91nE-00175-00044538-00044975 to twenty inches - 25 quote got they are
PHJzD9i91nE-00176-00044976-00045182 positioned so that the player can sit
PHJzD9i91nE-00177-00045183-00045401 down on a chair or stool and play for
PHJzD9i91nE-00178-00045402-00045695 extended periods S&K
PHJzD9i91nE-00179-00045696-00046031 sold many Neo Geo MVS cabinets in this
PHJzD9i91nE-00180-00046032-00046271 configuration though most arcade games
PHJzD9i91nE-00181-00046272-00046529 made in Japan that only use a joystick
PHJzD9i91nE-00182-00046530-00046697 and buttons will come in a sit down
PHJzD9i91nE-00183-00046698-00047108 cabinet variety in Japanese arcades this
PHJzD9i91nE-00184-00047109-00047315 type of cabinet is generally more
PHJzD9i91nE-00185-00047316-00047529 prevalent than the upright kind and they
PHJzD9i91nE-00186-00047530-00047760 are usually lined up in uniform looking
PHJzD9i91nE-00187-00047761-00048101 rows a variant of this often referred to
PHJzD9i91nE-00188-00048102-00048467 as vs. style cabinets are designed to
PHJzD9i91nE-00189-00048468-00048692 look like two cabinets facing each other
PHJzD9i91nE-00190-00048693-00048941 with two monitors and separate controls
PHJzD9i91nE-00191-00048942-00049154 allowing two players to fight each other
PHJzD9i91nE-00192-00049155-00049358 without having to share the same monitor
PHJzD9i91nE-00193-00049359-00049710 and control area some newer cabinets can
PHJzD9i91nE-00194-00049711-00050021 emulate these vs. style cabinets through
PHJzD9i91nE-00195-00050022-00050512 networking
PHJzD9i91nE-00196-00050513-00051054 Topic deluxe cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00197-00051055-00051306 most commonly used for games involving
PHJzD9i91nE-00198-00051307-00051495 gambling long stints of gaming or
PHJzD9i91nE-00199-00051496-00051729 vehicles such as fighting games flight
PHJzD9i91nE-00200-00051730-00051999 simulators and racing games these
PHJzD9i91nE-00201-00052000-00052173 cabinets typically have equipment
PHJzD9i91nE-00202-00052174-00052368 resembling the controls of a vehicle
PHJzD9i91nE-00203-00052369-00052516 though some of them are merely large
PHJzD9i91nE-00204-00052516-00052711 cabinets with fair features such as a
PHJzD9i91nE-00205-00052712-00053016 great screen or chairs driving games may
PHJzD9i91nE-00206-00053017-00053232 have a bucket seat foot pedals a stick
PHJzD9i91nE-00207-00053233-00053434 shift and even an ignition while flight
PHJzD9i91nE-00208-00053435-00053623 simulators may have a flight yoke or
PHJzD9i91nE-00209-00053624-00053862 joystick and motorcycle games handlebars
PHJzD9i91nE-00210-00053863-00054080 and a seat shaped like a full-size bike
PHJzD9i91nE-00211-00054081-00054318 often these cabinets are arranged
PHJzD9i91nE-00212-00054319-00054547 side-by-side to allow players to compete
PHJzD9i91nE-00213-00054548-00054823 together some of these cabinets are very
PHJzD9i91nE-00214-00054824-00055032 elaborate and include hydraulics which
PHJzD9i91nE-00215-00055033-00055206 move the player according to the action
PHJzD9i91nE-00216-00055207-00055451 on screen Sega is among the biggest
PHJzD9i91nE-00217-00055452-00055684 manufacturers of these kinds of cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00218-00055685-00055848 while Namco released Ridge Racer
PHJzD9i91nE-00219-00055849-00056082 full-scale in which the player sat in a
PHJzD9i91nE-00220-00056083-00056792 full-size mazda mx5 road car
PHJzD9i91nE-00221-00056794-00057437 topic cockpit and environmental cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00222-00057438-00057653 these are close relatives to deluxe
PHJzD9i91nE-00223-00057654-00057839 cabinets except the player sits inside
PHJzD9i91nE-00224-00057840-00058148 the game itself examples of this can be
PHJzD9i91nE-00225-00058149-00058283 seen on the killer list of videogames
PHJzD9i91nE-00226-00058284-00058586 for games such as Star Wars sinister or
PHJzD9i91nE-00227-00058587-00059141 disks of Tron
PHJzD9i91nE-00228-00059142-00059666 topic many cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00229-00059666-00059929 the minier cabaret is a squatter version
PHJzD9i91nE-00230-00059930-00060191 of the upright cabinet it may also have
PHJzD9i91nE-00231-00060191-00060440 a smaller monitor many cabinets spare
PHJzD9i91nE-00232-00060441-00060616 bulk and are easier for small children
PHJzD9i91nE-00233-00060617-00061292 to play than some full-size cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00234-00061294-00061866 topic countertop cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00235-00061866-00062113 countertop or bar top cabinets are
PHJzD9i91nE-00236-00062114-00062311 usually only large enough to house their
PHJzD9i91nE-00237-00062312-00062560 monitors and control panels they are
PHJzD9i91nE-00238-00062561-00062773 often used for trivia and gambling type
PHJzD9i91nE-00239-00062774-00062989 games and are usually found installed on
PHJzD9i91nE-00240-00062990-00063226 bars or tables in pubs and restaurants
PHJzD9i91nE-00241-00063227-00063478 these cabinets often have touchscreen
PHJzD9i91nE-00242-00063479-00063607 controls instead of traditional
PHJzD9i91nE-00243-00063608-00063889 push-button controls they are also
PHJzD9i91nE-00244-00063890-00064126 fairly popular with home use as they can
PHJzD9i91nE-00245-00064127-00064803 be placed upon a table or countertop
PHJzD9i91nE-00246-00064804-00065428 topic large-scale satellite machines
PHJzD9i91nE-00247-00065429-00065701 usually found in Japan these machines
PHJzD9i91nE-00248-00065702-00065912 have multiple screens interconnected to
PHJzD9i91nE-00249-00065913-00066155 one system sometimes with one big screen
PHJzD9i91nE-00250-00066156-00066398 in the middle these also often feature
PHJzD9i91nE-00251-00066399-00066563 the dispensing of different type of
PHJzD9i91nE-00252-00066564-00066785 cards either a smart card in order to
PHJzD9i91nE-00253-00066786-00067037 save stats and progress or trading cards
PHJzD9i91nE-00254-00067038-00067622 used in the game
PHJzD9i91nE-00255-00067623-00067918 topic restoration
PHJzD9i91nE-00256-00067919-00068150 you
PHJzD9i91nE-00257-00068151-00068332 since arcade games are becoming
PHJzD9i91nE-00258-00068333-00068579 increasingly popular as collectibles an
PHJzD9i91nE-00259-00068580-00068774 entire niche industry has sprung up
PHJzD9i91nE-00260-00068775-00069001 focused on arcade cabinet restoration
PHJzD9i91nE-00261-00069002-00069266 there are many websites both commercial
PHJzD9i91nE-00262-00069267-00069467 and hobbyist and news groups devoted to
PHJzD9i91nE-00263-00069468-00069737 arcade cabinet restoration they are full
PHJzD9i91nE-00264-00069738-00069959 of tips and advice on restoring games to
PHJzD9i91nE-00265-00069960-00070502 mint condition
PHJzD9i91nE-00266-00070503-00070990 topic artwork
PHJzD9i91nE-00267-00070991-00071245 often game cabinets were used to host a
PHJzD9i91nE-00268-00071246-00071479 variety of games often after the
PHJzD9i91nE-00269-00071480-00071680 cabinet's initial game was removed and
PHJzD9i91nE-00270-00071681-00071881 replaced with another the cabinet side
PHJzD9i91nE-00271-00071882-00072100 art was painted over usually blacked so
PHJzD9i91nE-00272-00072101-00072265 that the cabinet wouldn't misrepresent
PHJzD9i91nE-00273-00072266-00072517 the game contained within the side art
PHJzD9i91nE-00274-00072518-00072736 was also painted over to hide damaged or
PHJzD9i91nE-00275-00072737-00073093 faded artwork of course hobbyists prefer
PHJzD9i91nE-00276-00073094-00073291 cabinets with original artwork in the
PHJzD9i91nE-00277-00073292-00073561 best possible condition since machines
PHJzD9i91nE-00278-00073562-00073753 with good quality art are hard to find
PHJzD9i91nE-00279-00073754-00073951 one of the first tasks is stripping any
PHJzD9i91nE-00280-00073952-00074152 old artwork or paint from the cabinet
PHJzD9i91nE-00281-00074153-00074386 this is done with conventional chemical
PHJzD9i91nE-00282-00074387-00074563 paint strippers or by sanding
PHJzD9i91nE-00283-00074564-00074839 preferences very normally art work
PHJzD9i91nE-00284-00074840-00075004 cannot be preserved that has been
PHJzD9i91nE-00285-00075005-00075178 painted over and is removed with any
PHJzD9i91nE-00286-00075179-00075445 covering paint new paint can be applied
PHJzD9i91nE-00287-00075446-00075646 in any manner preferred roller brush
PHJzD9i91nE-00288-00075647-00075928 spray paint used is often just
PHJzD9i91nE-00289-00075929-00076081 conventional paint with a finish
PHJzD9i91nE-00290-00076082-00076290 matching the cabinet's original paint
PHJzD9i91nE-00291-00076291-00076537 many games had artwork which was
PHJzD9i91nE-00292-00076538-00076726 silkscreen directly on the cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00293-00076727-00076984 others used large decals for the side
PHJzD9i91nE-00294-00076985-00077209 art some manufacturers produce
PHJzD9i91nE-00295-00077210-00077449 replication artwork for popular classic
PHJzD9i91nE-00296-00077450-00077791 games each varying in quality this side
PHJzD9i91nE-00297-00077792-00077965 art can be applied over the new paint
PHJzD9i91nE-00298-00077966-00078253 after it has dried these appliques can
PHJzD9i91nE-00299-00078254-00078415 be very large and must be carefully
PHJzD9i91nE-00300-00078416-00078589 applied to avoid bubbles or wrinkles
PHJzD9i91nE-00301-00078590-00078874 from developing spraying the surface
PHJzD9i91nE-00302-00078875-00079024 with a slightly soapy water solution
PHJzD9i91nE-00303-00079025-00079240 allows the artwork to be quickly
PHJzD9i91nE-00304-00079241-00079417 reposition differing khals or bubbles
PHJzD9i91nE-00305-00079418-00079573 developed like in window tinting
PHJzD9i91nE-00306-00079574-00080133 applications
PHJzD9i91nE-00307-00080134-00080856 topic control panels bezels marques
PHJzD9i91nE-00308-00080857-00081066 acquiring these pieces is harder than
PHJzD9i91nE-00309-00081067-00081300 installing them many hobbyists trade
PHJzD9i91nE-00310-00081301-00081489 these items via news groups or sites
PHJzD9i91nE-00311-00081490-00081708 such as eBay the same is true for side
PHJzD9i91nE-00312-00081709-00082005 art as with side art some replication
PHJzD9i91nE-00313-00082006-00082221 art shops also produce replication
PHJzD9i91nE-00314-00082222-00082377 artwork for these pieces that is
PHJzD9i91nE-00315-00082378-00082632 indistinguishable from original some
PHJzD9i91nE-00316-00082633-00082845 even surpass the originals in quality
PHJzD9i91nE-00317-00082846-00083067 once these pieces are acquired they
PHJzD9i91nE-00318-00083068-00083382 usually snap right into place if the
PHJzD9i91nE-00319-00083383-00083592 controls are worn and need replacing if
PHJzD9i91nE-00320-00083593-00083775 the game is popular they can be easily
PHJzD9i91nE-00321-00083776-00084075 obtained rarer game controls are harder
PHJzD9i91nE-00322-00084076-00084249 to come by but some shop stock
PHJzD9i91nE-00323-00084250-00084465 replacement controls for classic arcade
PHJzD9i91nE-00324-00084466-00084780 games some shops manufacture controls
PHJzD9i91nE-00325-00084781-00084972 that are more robust than originals and
PHJzD9i91nE-00326-00084973-00085254 fit a variety of machines installing
PHJzD9i91nE-00327-00085255-00085434 them take some experimentation for
PHJzD9i91nE-00328-00085435-00085617 novices but are usually not too
PHJzD9i91nE-00329-00085618-00086195 difficult to place
PHJzD9i91nE-00330-00086196-00086849 topic monitors raster monitors are
PHJzD9i91nE-00331-00086850-00087038 easier to service than vector monitors
PHJzD9i91nE-00332-00087039-00087320 normally unless the main tube is blown a
PHJzD9i91nE-00333-00087321-00087526 raster monitor will provide good display
PHJzD9i91nE-00334-00087527-00087746 characteristics with perhaps a few minor
PHJzD9i91nE-00335-00087747-00088057 color adjustments vector monitors on the
PHJzD9i91nE-00336-00088058-00088256 other hand can be challenging or very
PHJzD9i91nE-00337-00088257-00088460 costly to service and some can't be
PHJzD9i91nE-00338-00088461-00088631 repaired at all they have dwindled in
PHJzD9i91nE-00339-00088632-00088859 use since the 1980s and parts are hard
PHJzD9i91nE-00340-00088860-00089101 to come by sometimes they will have to
PHJzD9i91nE-00341-00089102-00089321 be replaced completely but even finding
PHJzD9i91nE-00342-00089322-00089531 replacement monitors as difficult since
PHJzD9i91nE-00343-00089532-00089759 few if any are produced any longer
PHJzD9i91nE-00344-00089760-00090065 Behr new CRTs are still available from
PHJzD9i91nE-00345-00090066-00090281 some suppliers vector monitors use the
PHJzD9i91nE-00346-00090282-00090509 same basic tube as a raster just with
PHJzD9i91nE-00347-00090510-00090680 different electronics but as they are
PHJzD9i91nE-00348-00090681-00090890 bare tubes they usually require the yoke
PHJzD9i91nE-00349-00090891-00091063 to be removed from the old tube and
PHJzD9i91nE-00350-00091064-00091238 fitted to the new tube and setting up
PHJzD9i91nE-00351-00091239-00091430 which isn't usually a job that can be
PHJzD9i91nE-00352-00091431-00091604 undertaken by the amateur arcade
PHJzD9i91nE-00353-00091605-00091871 collector retrofitting other monitor
PHJzD9i91nE-00354-00091872-00092093 technologies to emulate vector graphics
PHJzD9i91nE-00355-00092094-00092387 can also be done some electronic
PHJzD9i91nE-00356-00092388-00092543 components are stressed by the hot
PHJzD9i91nE-00357-00092544-00092785 cramped conditions inside a cabinet
PHJzD9i91nE-00358-00092786-00093032 electrolytic capacitors dry out over
PHJzD9i91nE-00359-00093033-00093278 time and in many classic arcade cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00360-00093279-00093451 their service life is nearing the end if
PHJzD9i91nE-00361-00093452-00093734 a game has its original raster monitor
PHJzD9i91nE-00362-00093735-00093986 it will usually need to be recapped
PHJzD9i91nE-00363-00093987-00094244 that as some capacitors will need to be
PHJzD9i91nE-00364-00094245-00094430 replaced so the monitor will deliver a
PHJzD9i91nE-00365-00094431-00094682 proper image due to the size of the
PHJzD9i91nE-00366-00094683-00094859 capacitors and the voltage is present
PHJzD9i91nE-00367-00094860-00095066 inside a video monitor this can be a
PHJzD9i91nE-00368-00095067-00095246 dangerous activity and should only be
PHJzD9i91nE-00369-00095247-00095459 attempted by experienced hobbyists or
PHJzD9i91nE-00370-00095460-00095750 professionals if a monitor is broken a
PHJzD9i91nE-00371-00095751-00095951 replacement can usually be obtained via
PHJzD9i91nE-00372-00095952-00096676 coin-op distributors or parts suppliers
PHJzD9i91nE-00373-00096677-00097154 topic wiring
PHJzD9i91nE-00374-00097155-00097424 if a cabinet needs rewiring some wiring
PHJzD9i91nE-00375-00097425-00097675 kits are available over the Internet an
PHJzD9i91nE-00376-00097676-00097919 experienced hobbyist can usually solve
PHJzD9i91nE-00377-00097920-00098123 most wiring problems through trial and
PHJzD9i91nE-00378-00098124-00098432 error many cabinets are converted to be
PHJzD9i91nE-00379-00098433-00098576 used to host a game other than the
PHJzD9i91nE-00380-00098577-00098864 original in these cases if both games
PHJzD9i91nE-00381-00098865-00099089 conform to the Jama standard the process
PHJzD9i91nE-00382-00099090-00099365 is simple other conversions can be more
PHJzD9i91nE-00383-00099366-00099569 difficult but some manufacturers such as
PHJzD9i91nE-00384-00099570-00099779 Nintendo have produced kits to ease the
PHJzD9i91nE-00385-00099780-00100022 conversion process nintendo manufactured
PHJzD9i91nE-00386-00100023-00100223 kits to convert a cabinet from classic
PHJzD9i91nE-00387-00100224-00100862 wiring to vs. wiring
PHJzD9i91nE-00388-00100863-00101462 topic DIY projects
PHJzD9i91nE-00389-00101463-00101699 some cabinets are constructed entirely
PHJzD9i91nE-00390-00101700-00101891 by hobbyists to mimic an arcade cabinet
PHJzD9i91nE-00391-00101892-00102197 using emulators such as MAME and a PC to
PHJzD9i91nE-00392-00102198-00102454 replace the game Hardware these home
PHJzD9i91nE-00393-00102455-00102634 built cabinets have many of the features
PHJzD9i91nE-00394-00102635-00102890 of real arcade cabinets such as a coin
PHJzD9i91nE-00395-00102891-00103261 box mark keys etc MAME arcade units can
PHJzD9i91nE-00396-00103263-00103502 combine several arcade controls such as
PHJzD9i91nE-00397-00103503-00103684 two types of joysticks and a trackball
PHJzD9i91nE-00398-00103685-00103909 in one unit to enable play of many
PHJzD9i91nE-00399-00103910-00104110 different games other projects can
PHJzD9i91nE-00400-00104111-00104311 involve converting a regular single game
PHJzD9i91nE-00401-00104313-00104518 arcade cabinet into a MAME cabinet
PHJzD9i91nE-00402-00104519-00104683 eliminating the need for building a
PHJzD9i91nE-00403-00104684-00104951 cabinet at least one company
PHJzD9i91nE-00404-00104952-00105182 manufactures flat-pack style cabinet
PHJzD9i91nE-00405-00105183-00105407 kits made from medium-density fiberboard
PHJzD9i91nE-00406-00105408-00105652 these remove the need for the hobbyist
PHJzD9i91nE-00407-00105653-00105808 to cut to shape large panels of the
PHJzD9i91nE-00408-00105809-00106022 material but still require assembly
PHJzD9i91nE-00409-00106023-00106199 painting and finishing and fitting out
PHJzD9i91nE-00410-00106200-00106421 with a game system controls in display
PHJzD9i91nE-00411-00106422-00106666 bespoke arcade cabinets can also be
PHJzD9i91nE-00412-00106667-00106838 custom built to order allowing the
PHJzD9i91nE-00413-00106839-00107041 hobbyist to design the cabinet removing
PHJzD9i91nE-00414-00107042-00107243 the manual skills necessary for putting
PHJzD9i91nE-00415-00107244-00107458 a cabinet together other projects have
PHJzD9i91nE-00416-00107459-00107738 involved building DIY tabletop cabinets
PHJzD9i91nE-00417-00107739-00107929 and disassembling the casing of Game Boy
PHJzD9i91nE-00418-00107930-00108098 Advance handhelds thanks to the
PHJzD9i91nE-00419-00108099-00108257 abundance of arcade classics
PHJzD9i91nE-00420-00108258-00108482 compilations such as Namco Museum and
PHJzD9i91nE-00421-00108483-00108749 other titles some pre manufactured
PHJzD9i91nE-00422-00108750-00108974 arcade cabinets were even introduced for
PHJzD9i91nE-00423-00108975-00109626 using the iPad as a monitor
PHJzD9i91nE-00424-00109627-00110163 topic see also
PHJzD9i91nE-00425-00110164-00110664 arcade game slot machine video arcade
PHJzD9i91nE-00426-00110665-00111351 arcade system board JAMA MAME
PHXq8cQabtg-00000-00001475-00001864 to sanitize my hands with hand sanitizer
PHXq8cQabtg-00001-00001866-00002051 similar to soap and water I'm just going
PHXq8cQabtg-00002-00002052-00002260 to put a good amount of sanitizer in the
PHXq8cQabtg-00003-00002261-00002392 palm of my hand
PHXq8cQabtg-00004-00002393-00002602 rub my Palms together
PHXq8cQabtg-00005-00002603-00002867 I'll still interlace
PHXq8cQabtg-00006-00002868-00003058 my fingers with the backs of my hands
PHXq8cQabtg-00007-00003059-00003215 and the front
PHXq8cQabtg-00008-00003215-00003569 put my fingernails of one hand into the
PHXq8cQabtg-00009-00003570-00003743 palm of the other
PHXq8cQabtg-00010-00003744-00004097 make sure I get over my thumbs
PHXq8cQabtg-00011-00004098-00004577 and around my wrists
PHXq8cQabtg-00012-00004578-00004793 and I'll do that one more time to make
PHXq8cQabtg-00013-00004794-00005315 sure we have all areas covered
PHXq8cQabtg-00014-00005316-00005501 friction is always going to help kill
PHXq8cQabtg-00015-00005502-00006047 more germs
PHXq8cQabtg-00016-00006048-00006215 and I'll just rub until all the
PHXq8cQabtg-00017-00006216-00006634 sanitizer is dry
PHXq8cQabtg-00018-00006636-00006856 and I would wait if I still felt my
PHXq8cQabtg-00019-00006858-00007019 hands were wet I would wait till they
PHXq8cQabtg-00020-00007020-00007223 were dry to put any gloves on or to
PHXq8cQabtg-00021-00007223-00007478 perform care
PIv-_-jEW1I-00000-00001800-00002007 and so now i've discovered much to my
PIv-_-jEW1I-00001-00002007-00002279 surprise that i bruce willis star of
PIv-_-jEW1I-00002-00002280-00002518 stage and screen have been a ghost this
PIv-_-jEW1I-00003-00002519-00002767 whole time what a me
PIv-_-jEW1I-00004-00002768-00003184 da da da da da twist
PLffg0YA2WY-00000-00000115-00000361 thank you very much we have the entire
PLffg0YA2WY-00001-00000362-00000866 members of their VN Parliament
PLffg0YA2WY-00002-00000867-00001145 if you know I am obsessed by unity this
PLffg0YA2WY-00003-00001146-00001368 obsession was with me during class
PLffg0YA2WY-00004-00001369-00001713 European Council but in fact it has been
PLffg0YA2WY-00005-00001714-00001907 with me since the first days of my work
PLffg0YA2WY-00006-00001909-00002370 in Brussels this is why I rejected the
PLffg0YA2WY-00007-00002371-00002549 idea of removing Greece from the
PLffg0YA2WY-00008-00002550-00002960 eurozone in 2015 and this is also why I
PLffg0YA2WY-00009-00002961-00003264 pursued a common position of the u-visa
PLffg0YA2WY-00010-00003265-00003495 V Russia during the conflict in Ukraine
PLffg0YA2WY-00011-00003496-00003861 for many months I was building agreement
PLffg0YA2WY-00012-00003861-00004253 among the 27 in order to give Prime
PLffg0YA2WY-00013-00004254-00004488 Minister Cameron arguments to stay in
PLffg0YA2WY-00014-00004489-00004868 the EU even though this mean that each
PLffg0YA2WY-00015-00004869-00005257 of the 27 had to make a sacrifice
PLffg0YA2WY-00016-00005258-00005510 unfortunately this was not enough for
PLffg0YA2WY-00017-00005511-00005861 the bridge after brexit i worked towards
PLffg0YA2WY-00018-00005862-00006138 creating unity of the 27 in the
PLffg0YA2WY-00019-00006139-00006467 negotiations with the united kingdom we
PLffg0YA2WY-00020-00006468-00006738 have shown also during class European
PLffg0YA2WY-00021-00006739-00007164 Council that no one can divide the 27 in
PLffg0YA2WY-00022-00007165-00007673 these negotiations thriving for unit is
PLffg0YA2WY-00023-00007675-00007911 also the main reason for creating the
PLffg0YA2WY-00024-00007912-00008292 leaders agenda last Friday all the
PLffg0YA2WY-00025-00008293-00008601 leaders agreed that the priority for
PLffg0YA2WY-00026-00008602-00009237 them unity among 27 this was voiced in
PLffg0YA2WY-00027-00009238-00009672 unison on this most important issue to
PLffg0YA2WY-00028-00009673-00009714 me
PLffg0YA2WY-00029-00009715-00009927 we reached full understanding right from
PLffg0YA2WY-00030-00009928-00010275 the start the leaders agenda invalidated
PLffg0YA2WY-00031-00010276-00010686 a dangerous assumption that together we
PLffg0YA2WY-00032-00010687-00011001 can only stand still and that you can
PLffg0YA2WY-00033-00011002-00011445 only move forward when we divide it is
PLffg0YA2WY-00034-00011446-00011786 about reconciling dynamism and unity
PLffg0YA2WY-00035-00011787-00012066 about being ambitious and staying
PLffg0YA2WY-00036-00012067-00012438 together at the same time this is of
PLffg0YA2WY-00037-00012439-00012723 course this of course does not rule out
PLffg0YA2WY-00038-00012724-00013043 and House cooperation as the last result
PLffg0YA2WY-00039-00013044-00013413 open to all and in accordance with the
PLffg0YA2WY-00040-00013413-00013558 treaties
PLffg0YA2WY-00041-00013559-00013925 my intention is to build on what connect
PLffg0YA2WY-00042-00013926-00014093 not on what
PLffg0YA2WY-00043-00014094-00014384 right but it doesn't mean that we
PLffg0YA2WY-00044-00014385-00014569 shouldn't stand up with courage to the
PLffg0YA2WY-00045-00014571-00014963 issues that are or could be divisive so
PLffg0YA2WY-00046-00014963-00015140 that we can find common solutions to
PLffg0YA2WY-00047-00015141-00015544 them I will just mention migration the
PLffg0YA2WY-00048-00015546-00016016 EMU and brexit when it comes to the
PLffg0YA2WY-00049-00016016-00016346 migration crisis I appealed from the
PLffg0YA2WY-00050-00016347-00016625 very beginning to build Europe's
PLffg0YA2WY-00051-00016626-00016997 response on what connects us on the
PLffg0YA2WY-00052-00016998-00017378 protection of our external borders I did
PLffg0YA2WY-00053-00017379-00017747 so being aware that there are also ideas
PLffg0YA2WY-00054-00017748-00017948 that put member states in a permanent
PLffg0YA2WY-00055-00017949-00018413 conflict one such questions relocation
PLffg0YA2WY-00056-00018414-00018694 precisely speaking that mandatory quotas
PLffg0YA2WY-00057-00018695-00019100 on this issue consensuses as unlikely
PLffg0YA2WY-00058-00019101-00019535 today as it was many months ago but I do
PLffg0YA2WY-00059-00019536-00019781 see a real chance of full agreement by
PLffg0YA2WY-00060-00019782-00020126 June on matters like protecting external
PLffg0YA2WY-00061-00020127-00020447 borders decisive support for frontline
PLffg0YA2WY-00062-00020448-00020797 countries that if Italy Greece Spain
PLffg0YA2WY-00063-00020798-00021209 Bulgaria strategy vis a vie Africa and
PLffg0YA2WY-00064-00021210-00021419 adequate support for international
PLffg0YA2WY-00065-00021420-00021647 organizations helping refugees and
PLffg0YA2WY-00066-00021648-00022112 migrants UNHCR IOM and World Food
PLffg0YA2WY-00067-00022113-00022472 Program European management of a return
PLffg0YA2WY-00068-00022473-00022847 and readmission policy as well as most
PLffg0YA2WY-00069-00022848-00023246 of the elements of the Dublin reform if
PLffg0YA2WY-00070-00023247-00023509 on these matters we are really effective
PLffg0YA2WY-00071-00023510-00023783 we will be close to a lasting solution
PLffg0YA2WY-00072-00023784-00024137 to the migration crisis
PLffg0YA2WY-00073-00024138-00024521 every guard emu reefer following the
PLffg0YA2WY-00074-00024522-00024722 publication of the five presidents
PLffg0YA2WY-00075-00024723-00025031 report no one should have any doubts
PLffg0YA2WY-00076-00025032-00025469 what we need to do everything is crystal
PLffg0YA2WY-00077-00025470-00025811 clear the problem is member states
PLffg0YA2WY-00078-00025812-00026180 conflicting interests one of the first
PLffg0YA2WY-00079-00026181-00026480 effects of the leaders agenda is the
PLffg0YA2WY-00080-00026481-00026744 agreement to find potential solutions in
PLffg0YA2WY-00081-00026745-00026989 the nearest possible future despite
PLffg0YA2WY-00082-00026991-00027344 these differences I will do everything
PLffg0YA2WY-00083-00027345-00027674 in my power to take the first very
PLffg0YA2WY-00084-00027675-00028043 concrete steps by June towards
PLffg0YA2WY-00085-00028044-00028280 establishing the European monetary fund
PLffg0YA2WY-00086-00028281-00028550 and strengthening the stability of the
PLffg0YA2WY-00087-00028551-00028892 banking Union I still believe that it is
PLffg0YA2WY-00088-00028893-00029366 possible in June it will become clear if
PLffg0YA2WY-00089-00029367-00029822 I am an incurable optimist but one thing
PLffg0YA2WY-00090-00029823-00030164 I can promise you today if we don't
PLffg0YA2WY-00091-00030164-00030470 reach agreement by June I will say
PLffg0YA2WY-00092-00030470-00030842 precisely why it wasn't possible and who
PLffg0YA2WY-00093-00030843-00031045 is responsible
PLffg0YA2WY-00094-00031045-00031379 as for the brexit negotiations you have
PLffg0YA2WY-00095-00031380-00031592 managed to build and maintain unity
PLffg0YA2WY-00096-00031593-00032042 among the 27 but ahead of us is still
PLffg0YA2WY-00097-00032043-00032494 the toughest stress test if we fail it
PLffg0YA2WY-00098-00032495-00032887 the negotiations will end in our defeat
PLffg0YA2WY-00099-00032888-00033224 we must keep our unity regardless on the
PLffg0YA2WY-00100-00033225-00033545 direction of the talks that you will be
PLffg0YA2WY-00101-00033546-00033803 able to rise to every scenario as long
PLffg0YA2WY-00102-00033804-00034172 as we are not divided it is in fact up
PLffg0YA2WY-00103-00034173-00034460 to London how this will end
PLffg0YA2WY-00104-00034461-00035035 with a good deal now deal on our exit
PLffg0YA2WY-00105-00035036-00035447 but in each of these scenarios we will
PLffg0YA2WY-00106-00035448-00035693 protect our common interest only by
PLffg0YA2WY-00107-00035694-00036074 being together we continue to look for
PLffg0YA2WY-00108-00036075-00036347 the best way towards a Europe that is
PLffg0YA2WY-00109-00036348-00036935 united solidary and sovereign our quest
PLffg0YA2WY-00110-00036936-00037175 must be accompanied by a constant and
PLffg0YA2WY-00111-00037176-00037529 profound reflection on the essence
PLffg0YA2WY-00112-00037530-00037864 of our community I would like to say a
PLffg0YA2WY-00113-00037865-00038227 few words on three of its dimensions
PLffg0YA2WY-00114-00038228-00038608 first of all we are a territorial
PLffg0YA2WY-00115-00038609-00038855 community which means that we have a
PLffg0YA2WY-00116-00038856-00039115 common territory and common external
PLffg0YA2WY-00117-00039116-00039668 borders our duty is to protect them the
PLffg0YA2WY-00118-00039669-00039862 migration crisis has made of the where
PLffg0YA2WY-00119-00039863-00040202 with full force of they need to rebuild
PLffg0YA2WY-00120-00040203-00040373 effective control of our external
PLffg0YA2WY-00121-00040374-00040690 borders while the aggressive behavior of
PLffg0YA2WY-00122-00040691-00041048 certain third countries and the disabled
PLffg0YA2WY-00123-00041049-00041305 ization around Europe has made aware of
PLffg0YA2WY-00124-00041306-00041714 the need to defend our territory for
PLffg0YA2WY-00125-00041715-00041986 this reason we want to launch permanent
PLffg0YA2WY-00126-00041987-00042208 structured cooperation on defense
PLffg0YA2WY-00127-00042209-00042586 so-called pesco by the end of this year
PLffg0YA2WY-00128-00042587-00042905 in order to protect our external borders
PLffg0YA2WY-00129-00042906-00043226 we must build a model of durable and
PLffg0YA2WY-00130-00043227-00043454 efficient financing on a bigger scale
PLffg0YA2WY-00131-00043455-00043654 than ever before
PLffg0YA2WY-00132-00043655-00043945 it should become a part of our
PLffg0YA2WY-00133-00043946-00044639 discussion on the future MFF secondly we
PLffg0YA2WY-00134-00044640-00044977 are a cultural community which doesn't
PLffg0YA2WY-00135-00044978-00045268 mean that we are better or worse we are
PLffg0YA2WY-00136-00045269-00045526 simply different from the outside world
PLffg0YA2WY-00137-00045527-00045865 our openness and tolerance cannot mean
PLffg0YA2WY-00138-00045866-00046064 walking away from protecting our
PLffg0YA2WY-00139-00046065-00046385 heritage we have the right and
PLffg0YA2WY-00140-00046386-00046612 obligation to care for what
PLffg0YA2WY-00141-00046613-00046949 distinguishes us from other cultures not
PLffg0YA2WY-00142-00046950-00047357 in order to be against someone but to be
PLffg0YA2WY-00143-00047358-00047699 ourselves without the feeling of
PLffg0YA2WY-00144-00047700-00048011 superiority but with a feeling of
PLffg0YA2WY-00145-00048012-00048424 justified pride I remember a great
PLffg0YA2WY-00146-00048425-00048698 hashtag by one of your leaders which
PLffg0YA2WY-00147-00048699-00049148 said I am European and I am proud this
PLffg0YA2WY-00148-00049149-00049367 is why the first point on the leaders
PLffg0YA2WY-00149-00049368-00049705 agenda for our meeting in Gothenburg in
PLffg0YA2WY-00150-00049706-00050179 November is culture and education
PLffg0YA2WY-00151-00050180-00050382 thirdly
PLffg0YA2WY-00152-00050383-00050851 we are a political community it is high
PLffg0YA2WY-00153-00050852-00051216 time we renewed our vows in the name of
PLffg0YA2WY-00154-00051217-00051426 our political values enshrined in
PLffg0YA2WY-00155-00051427-00051696 article 2 of the Treaty of the European
PLffg0YA2WY-00156-00051697-00051757 Union
PLffg0YA2WY-00157-00051758-00052264 let me quote the union is founded on the
PLffg0YA2WY-00158-00052265-00052524 values of respect for human dignity
PLffg0YA2WY-00159-00052525-00053047 freedom democracy equality the rule of
PLffg0YA2WY-00160-00053048-00053361 law and respect for human rights
PLffg0YA2WY-00161-00053362-00053592 including the rights of persons
PLffg0YA2WY-00162-00053594-00053835 belonging to minorities
PLffg0YA2WY-00163-00053836-00054112 these values are common to the Member
PLffg0YA2WY-00164-00054113-00054489 States in a society in which pluralism
PLffg0YA2WY-00165-00054490-00054849 non-discrimination tolerance justice
PLffg0YA2WY-00166-00054850-00055075 solidarity and equality between women
PLffg0YA2WY-00167-00055076-00055588 and men prevail I would like to remind
PLffg0YA2WY-00168-00055589-00056126 all those in power all the Member States
PLffg0YA2WY-00169-00056127-00056521 that by signing the treaty you have also
PLffg0YA2WY-00170-00056522-00056907 signed this article so either you
PLffg0YA2WY-00171-00056908-00057216 respect it or you clearly say you reject
PLffg0YA2WY-00172-00057217-00057262 it
PLffg0YA2WY-00173-00057263-00057641 with all the consequences of this fact
PLffg0YA2WY-00174-00057642-00058075 finally I would like to refer to an
PLffg0YA2WY-00175-00058076-00058366 issue it would be hard to avoid being
PLffg0YA2WY-00176-00058366-00058735 here in Strasbourg namely the future
PLffg0YA2WY-00177-00058736-00059016 composition of the European Parliament
PLffg0YA2WY-00178-00059016-00059355 for this topic I have planned a special
PLffg0YA2WY-00179-00059357-00059613 European Council in February next year
PLffg0YA2WY-00180-00059614-00059923 as you know we must deal with this
PLffg0YA2WY-00181-00059924-00060169 matter because of brexit as well as a
PLffg0YA2WY-00182-00060170-00060577 changing demographic I take all the
PLffg0YA2WY-00183-00060578-00060850 proposal seriously that have surfaced in
PLffg0YA2WY-00184-00060851-00061138 this debate they are all interesting and
PLffg0YA2WY-00185-00061139-00061516 try European ideas I personally believe
PLffg0YA2WY-00186-00061516-00061840 that the most natural solution would be
PLffg0YA2WY-00187-00061841-00062307 to adopt a simple rule fewer countries
PLffg0YA2WY-00188-00062308-00062936 fewer mandate it is
PLffg0YA2WY-00189-00062937-00063284 it is not only pragmatic and logical but
PLffg0YA2WY-00190-00063285-00063541 also what is expected by the public
PLffg0YA2WY-00191-00063542-00063890 opinion of course such a solution in the
PLffg0YA2WY-00192-00063891-00064082 way invalidates the idea of
PLffg0YA2WY-00193-00064083-00064448 transnational lists I am aware that this
PLffg0YA2WY-00194-00064449-00064726 will be our common decision since the
PLffg0YA2WY-00195-00064727-00064966 Parliament will be proposing and Co
PLffg0YA2WY-00196-00064967-00065285 deciding on this matter this is why I
PLffg0YA2WY-00197-00065286-00065438 would like you to take such a
PLffg0YA2WY-00198-00065439-00065950 possibility into account dear friends
PLffg0YA2WY-00199-00065951-00066413 when I was here in March this year you
PLffg0YA2WY-00200-00066414-00066607 may remember that I recalled a proverb
PLffg0YA2WY-00201-00066608-00067073 if you want to go fast go alone if you
PLffg0YA2WY-00202-00067074-00067574 want to go far go together today I feel
PLffg0YA2WY-00203-00067575-00068039 we have a real chance to go together far
PLffg0YA2WY-00204-00068040-00068424 and faster thank you
PLffg0YA2WY-00205-00068425-00069304 [Applause]
PMWCOE5iwv4-00000-00000000-00000257 hi everyone Kristen Roberts with United
PMWCOE5iwv4-00001-00000258-00000430 Way of east central Iowa we are
PMWCOE5iwv4-00002-00000431-00000626 beginning to see restrictions lifted in
PMWCOE5iwv4-00003-00000627-00000841 eastern Iowa and the power of our caring
PMWCOE5iwv4-00004-00000842-00001069 community is really shining through
PMWCOE5iwv4-00005-00001070-00001331 United Way has been a leader in the area
PMWCOE5iwv4-00006-00001332-00001541 of volunteerism during this time in it
PMWCOE5iwv4-00007-00001542-00001810 has been a beacon of hope this past
PMWCOE5iwv4-00008-00001811-00002077 Thursday we held our first virtual Day
PMWCOE5iwv4-00009-00002078-00002317 of Caring normally in mid-may we have
PMWCOE5iwv4-00010-00002318-00002504 our Day of Caring in which hundreds of
PMWCOE5iwv4-00011-00002505-00002710 volunteers come together to clean
PMWCOE5iwv4-00012-00002711-00002959 beautify and make an impact on our
PMWCOE5iwv4-00013-00002960-00003242 nonprofit agencies well this year we had
PMWCOE5iwv4-00014-00003243-00003520 to pivot and what we did was we provided
PMWCOE5iwv4-00015-00003521-00003752 volunteer ways for people to become
PMWCOE5iwv4-00016-00003753-00004040 engaged yet still stay at a safe
PMWCOE5iwv4-00017-00004040-00004147 distance
PMWCOE5iwv4-00018-00004148-00004381 for example strategic financial
PMWCOE5iwv4-00019-00004382-00004661 solutions they created gift bags for
PMWCOE5iwv4-00020-00004662-00004886 their team members so team members could
PMWCOE5iwv4-00021-00004887-00005084 go out and check positive sidewalk
PMWCOE5iwv4-00022-00005085-00005375 messages on their own walks and VanMeter
PMWCOE5iwv4-00023-00005376-00005636 incorporated staff played virtual bingo
PMWCOE5iwv4-00024-00005637-00005981 what's virtual bingo so glad you asked
PMWCOE5iwv4-00025-00005982-00006256 virtual bingo is this sheet that our
PMWCOE5iwv4-00026-00006257-00006470 volunteer engagement Department created
PMWCOE5iwv4-00027-00006470-00006767 it has positive ways that allow people
PMWCOE5iwv4-00028-00006768-00006980 to be able to still be engaged and
PMWCOE5iwv4-00029-00006981-00007210 volunteer things like make at least
PMWCOE5iwv4-00030-00007211-00007428 three phone calls to family or friends
PMWCOE5iwv4-00031-00007429-00007676 donate a snack or meal to local
PMWCOE5iwv4-00032-00007677-00007913 essential employees or drop off food
PMWCOE5iwv4-00033-00007914-00008177 donations to a local food bank what's
PMWCOE5iwv4-00034-00008178-00008381 really neat about this sheet is that
PMWCOE5iwv4-00035-00008382-00008699 United Way worldwide featured this to
PMWCOE5iwv4-00036-00008700-00008912 all of the United Way's across our
PMWCOE5iwv4-00037-00008913-00009152 nation and globally as well and another
PMWCOE5iwv4-00038-00009153-00009431 organization points of light who also is
PMWCOE5iwv4-00039-00009432-00009649 in the realm of volunteerism featured
PMWCOE5iwv4-00040-00009650-00009998 this globally as well additionally our
PMWCOE5iwv4-00041-00009999-00010228 volunteer engagement team in Jones
PMWCOE5iwv4-00042-00010229-00010456 County has been making amazing progress
PMWCOE5iwv4-00043-00010457-00010763 in strides in Jones County they have had
PMWCOE5iwv4-00044-00010764-00011021 hundreds of masks donated to them and
PMWCOE5iwv4-00045-00011022-00011167 they've been distributing them across
PMWCOE5iwv4-00046-00011168-00011260 the county
PMWCOE5iwv4-00047-00011261-00011485 additionally they received a grant to
PMWCOE5iwv4-00048-00011486-00011681 distribute food carts to those in need
PMWCOE5iwv4-00049-00011682-00012046 in Jones County it's been a crazy time
PMWCOE5iwv4-00050-00012047-00012281 of social distancing and self quarantine
PMWCOE5iwv4-00051-00012282-00012530 for those of you who were so generous
PMWCOE5iwv4-00052-00012531-00012728 and have had a chance to get out and
PMWCOE5iwv4-00053-00012729-00012879 volunteer and support you
PMWCOE5iwv4-00054-00012880-00013091 way of east central Iowa we are so
PMWCOE5iwv4-00055-00013093-00013335 thankful thank you for those of you who
PMWCOE5iwv4-00056-00013336-00013616 haven't yet don't be discouraged there
PMWCOE5iwv4-00057-00013618-00013875 is still time whether it's now in the
PMWCOE5iwv4-00058-00013876-00014136 near future or the distance future you
PMWCOE5iwv4-00059-00014137-00014366 will still have an opportunity to help I
PMWCOE5iwv4-00060-00014366-00014594 strongly encourage you to go to our
PMWCOE5iwv4-00061-00014596-00015009 website you wec i.org and you can find
PMWCOE5iwv4-00062-00015010-00015183 many ways to volunteer and make a
PMWCOE5iwv4-00063-00015184-00015390 difference in our community or support
PMWCOE5iwv4-00064-00015391-00015544 us through a donation if you'd like
PMWCOE5iwv4-00065-00015546-00015801 again thank you for standing beside us
PMWCOE5iwv4-00066-00015802-00015975 at United Way of east central Iowa we
PMWCOE5iwv4-00067-00015976-00016194 are so thankful to have you as partners
PMWCOE5iwv4-00068-00016194-00016464 in this journey thank you so much we're
PMWCOE5iwv4-00069-00016465-00016554 all in this together
PMWCOE5iwv4-00070-00016555-00017669 be well
PMWCOE5iwv4-00071-00017670-00017876 you
PPS71W2P5Ly-00000-00000160-00000457 [Music]
PPS71W2P5Ly-00001-00000458-00000797 food is the main need for every living
PPS71W2P5Ly-00002-00000798-00001685 creature and the human being is not an
PPS71W2P5Ly-00003-00001686-00001994 exception to that but it is no longer an
PPS71W2P5Ly-00004-00001995-00002213 issue in developed countries to reach
PPS71W2P5Ly-00005-00002214-00002534 food in order to survive the success of
PPS71W2P5Ly-00006-00002535-00002759 food security in developed countries is
PPS71W2P5Ly-00007-00002760-00002960 due to the fact that they have already
PPS71W2P5Ly-00008-00002961-00003113 completed their cold chain
PPS71W2P5Ly-00009-00003114-00003335 infrastructure and developed a culture
PPS71W2P5Ly-00010-00003336-00003521 of food storage
PPS71W2P5Ly-00011-00003522-00004253 [Music]
PPS71W2P5Ly-00012-00004254-00004481 when we look into the food pyramid
PPS71W2P5Ly-00013-00004482-00004710 showing the food consumed by human
PPS71W2P5Ly-00014-00004711-00004893 beings it is going to be easier to
PPS71W2P5Ly-00015-00004894-00005081 comprehend the link between food
PPS71W2P5Ly-00016-00005082-00005306 security and cold chains at the very
PPS71W2P5Ly-00017-00005307-00005508 bottom of the pyramid take place the
PPS71W2P5Ly-00018-00005509-00005825 rice pasta and various bakery products
PPS71W2P5Ly-00019-00005826-00006104 made from cereals they are followed by
PPS71W2P5Ly-00020-00006105-00006378 respectively fruits and vegetables and
PPS71W2P5Ly-00021-00006379-00006642 protein sources such as meat fish
PPS71W2P5Ly-00022-00006643-00006963 chicken and dairy products the top of
PPS71W2P5Ly-00023-00006964-00007206 the pyramid is including fat and sugar
PPS71W2P5Ly-00024-00007206-00007509 as the least consumed products with a
PPS71W2P5Ly-00025-00007509-00007688 detailed look to this pyramid shaped
PPS71W2P5Ly-00026-00007689-00007970 chart one can easily realize that almost
PPS71W2P5Ly-00027-00007972-00008232 70% of food consumed by humans is
PPS71W2P5Ly-00028-00008233-00008562 subject to cold chain application food
PPS71W2P5Ly-00029-00008563-00008816 security has three components to ensure
PPS71W2P5Ly-00030-00008817-00009087 continuous supply of food to keep food
PPS71W2P5Ly-00031-00009088-00009354 prices within affordable range to supply
PPS71W2P5Ly-00032-00009355-00009645 healthy food we can say we made our food
PPS71W2P5Ly-00033-00009646-00009863 secure only when we can provide a
PPS71W2P5Ly-00034-00009864-00010049 constant flow of healthy food at
PPS71W2P5Ly-00035-00010050-00010421 reasonable prices
PPS71W2P5Ly-00036-00010422-00010685 unfortunately the continuous supply of
PPS71W2P5Ly-00037-00010686-00010928 healthy food at affordable prices cannot
PPS71W2P5Ly-00038-00010929-00011151 be provided in the same way everywhere
PPS71W2P5Ly-00039-00011152-00011585 in the world the reason is not the lack
PPS71W2P5Ly-00040-00011586-00011862 of production but food producers believe
PPS71W2P5Ly-00041-00011863-00012078 that producing is enough itself to
PPS71W2P5Ly-00042-00012079-00012342 ensure the food security in fact
PPS71W2P5Ly-00043-00012343-00012785 producing is not enough solely food
PPS71W2P5Ly-00044-00012786-00012981 should be accessible in tradeable all
PPS71W2P5Ly-00045-00012982-00013250 year long at reasonable prices in every
PPS71W2P5Ly-00046-00013251-00013613 region of any given country this
PPS71W2P5Ly-00047-00013615-00013878 determination requires strategical plans
PPS71W2P5Ly-00048-00013879-00014061 to store food up to the point of
PPS71W2P5Ly-00049-00014062-00014312 consumption
PPS71W2P5Ly-00050-00014313-00014678 it is being observed two main obstacles
PPS71W2P5Ly-00051-00014679-00014866 in developing countries have to face
PPS71W2P5Ly-00052-00014868-00015106 when trying to establish a cold chain
PPS71W2P5Ly-00053-00015107-00015341 the first one concerns the
PPS71W2P5Ly-00054-00015341-00015638 infrastructure developing countries do
PPS71W2P5Ly-00055-00015638-00015851 not have cold storages and adequate
PPS71W2P5Ly-00056-00015852-00016141 volume nor they have no enough vehicles
PPS71W2P5Ly-00057-00016143-00016310 to transport the food among these
PPS71W2P5Ly-00058-00016311-00016601 storage facilities the second obstacle
PPS71W2P5Ly-00059-00016602-00016898 is about the food storage culture it is
PPS71W2P5Ly-00060-00016899-00017123 important for food producing countries
PPS71W2P5Ly-00061-00017124-00017312 to learn and practice the food storage
PPS71W2P5Ly-00062-00017313-00017771 culture we do have to keep in mind for
PPS71W2P5Ly-00063-00017772-00018014 sure that we cannot sell our products to
PPS71W2P5Ly-00064-00018015-00018215 other cities or to other countries if
PPS71W2P5Ly-00065-00018216-00018431 any available cold chain has not been
PPS71W2P5Ly-00066-00018432-00018752 established over there yet the cold
PPS71W2P5Ly-00067-00018753-00018941 chain which ensures you can get the
PPS71W2P5Ly-00068-00018942-00019094 healthy fresh food at their best
PPS71W2P5Ly-00069-00019095-00019451 conditions has two main aspects cold
PPS71W2P5Ly-00070-00019452-00019682 storages and refrigerated vehicles
PPS71W2P5Ly-00071-00019683-00020183 transporting food among those storages
PPS71W2P5Ly-00072-00020184-00020444 cold warehouses are not very different
PPS71W2P5Ly-00073-00020445-00020683 from each other they are made of cold
PPS71W2P5Ly-00074-00020684-00020876 rooms of various dimensions with
PPS71W2P5Ly-00075-00020877-00021068 temperature regulating capabilities
PPS71W2P5Ly-00076-00021069-00021401 these warehouses also have monitoring
PPS71W2P5Ly-00077-00021402-00021650 system and technical units the cold
PPS71W2P5Ly-00078-00021651-00021908 warehouses include refrigerating systems
PPS71W2P5Ly-00079-00021909-00022255 sliding doors weigh bridges loading and
PPS71W2P5Ly-00080-00022256-00022814 unloading ramps and bellows beside the
PPS71W2P5Ly-00081-00022815-00023000 necessity of establishment of cold
PPS71W2P5Ly-00082-00023001-00023255 storage for each food there is also need
PPS71W2P5Ly-00083-00023256-00023516 for city warehouses which can meet food
PPS71W2P5Ly-00084-00023517-00023774 demands of city populations in order to
PPS71W2P5Ly-00085-00023775-00023978 ensure the food security these
PPS71W2P5Ly-00086-00023979-00024188 warehouses can be considered as the
PPS71W2P5Ly-00087-00024189-00024413 refrigerator's of the cities without
PPS71W2P5Ly-00088-00024414-00024655 these warehouses it cannot be possible
PPS71W2P5Ly-00089-00024656-00024922 to talk about food security
PPS71W2P5Ly-00090-00024923-00025458 [Music]
PPS71W2P5Ly-00091-00025459-00025737 in principle in the cities where there
PPS71W2P5Ly-00092-00025738-00025937 is not an already established warehouse
PPS71W2P5Ly-00093-00025938-00026189 it is an urgent need to build a cold
PPS71W2P5Ly-00094-00026191-00026493 storage facility with a volume of 10,000
PPS71W2P5Ly-00095-00026494-00026764 tons for each population of 1 million a
PPS71W2P5Ly-00096-00026766-00027108 storage facility of 10,000 tons can
PPS71W2P5Ly-00097-00027108-00027375 provide every 20 persons with 1 meter
PPS71W2P5Ly-00098-00027376-00027620 cube of storage space within a city
PPS71W2P5Ly-00099-00027622-00027918 having 1 million of population the city
PPS71W2P5Ly-00100-00027919-00028143 warehouse were every kind of food from
PPS71W2P5Ly-00101-00028144-00028389 vegetables to fruits from cheese to ice
PPS71W2P5Ly-00102-00028389-00028650 cream and even to meat fish and chicken
PPS71W2P5Ly-00103-00028651-00028911 can be stored is the most important
PPS71W2P5Ly-00104-00028912-00029471 element of food security refrigerated
PPS71W2P5Ly-00105-00029472-00029633 transport which provides an
PPS71W2P5Ly-00106-00029635-00029826 uninterrupted cold chain between
PPS71W2P5Ly-00107-00029827-00030045 producers and consumers is the most
PPS71W2P5Ly-00108-00030045-00030282 important factor linking together all
PPS71W2P5Ly-00109-00030283-00030600 settled storage facilities in road
PPS71W2P5Ly-00110-00030601-00030810 transportation fridge or if ik v a--
PPS71W2P5Ly-00111-00030811-00031125 khals such as trucks vans or trailers
PPS71W2P5Ly-00112-00031126-00031329 having their own bodies with self
PPS71W2P5Ly-00113-00031330-00031518 refrigerating setup are the most
PPS71W2P5Ly-00114-00031519-00031779 commonly used cold chain vehicles around
PPS71W2P5Ly-00115-00031780-00032020 the world
PPS71W2P5Ly-00116-00032022-00032393 in Si and rail transport the most common
PPS71W2P5Ly-00117-00032394-00032608 method is to use of refrigerated
PPS71W2P5Ly-00118-00032610-00033011 containers called reefers
PPS71W2P5Ly-00119-00033012-00033305 in fridge errific air transport it is
PPS71W2P5Ly-00120-00033306-00033542 common to use dry ice rather than
PPS71W2P5Ly-00121-00033543-00033909 complicated refrigerating systems
PPS71W2P5Ly-00122-00033910-00034161 if you do not have enough space and can
PPS71W2P5Ly-00123-00034162-00034374 spare required budget you have a much
PPS71W2P5Ly-00124-00034375-00034608 better solution than city storehouses to
PPS71W2P5Ly-00125-00034609-00034869 ensure the food security this is the
PPS71W2P5Ly-00126-00034870-00035070 food centers where you can gather the
PPS71W2P5Ly-00127-00035071-00035277 producers in storehouses on the same
PPS71W2P5Ly-00128-00035278-00035538 site there is need to bring bringing all
PPS71W2P5Ly-00129-00035539-00035745 small and medium scale producers and
PPS71W2P5Ly-00130-00035746-00035925 storehouse owners supplying food
PPS71W2P5Ly-00131-00035926-00036183 together in a common food center this
PPS71W2P5Ly-00132-00036184-00036366 must be designed in such a manner that
PPS71W2P5Ly-00133-00036367-00036609 it permits to be expanded the large
PPS71W2P5Ly-00134-00036610-00036858 storage spaces in this facility enable a
PPS71W2P5Ly-00135-00036859-00037062 constant food supply and so the food
PPS71W2P5Ly-00136-00037063-00037323 prices become more stabilized the most
PPS71W2P5Ly-00137-00037324-00037530 profitable with the most reasonable cost
PPS71W2P5Ly-00138-00037531-00037800 can be achieved in this way these food
PPS71W2P5Ly-00139-00037801-00038352 centers ensure your food security the
PPS71W2P5Ly-00140-00038353-00038568 return period of any cold warehouse
PPS71W2P5Ly-00141-00038569-00038796 investment in developing countries does
PPS71W2P5Ly-00142-00038797-00039102 not exceed four years in fact most of
PPS71W2P5Ly-00143-00039103-00039314 the time it is shorter than four years
PPS71W2P5Ly-00144-00039315-00039540 investment in cold chain is highly
PPS71W2P5Ly-00145-00039541-00039756 lucrative as well as it is a social
PPS71W2P5Ly-00146-00039757-00039939 investment with its contributions to
PPS71W2P5Ly-00147-00039940-00040149 food security in any given country
PPS71W2P5Ly-00148-00040150-00040394 [Music]
PPS71W2P5Ly-00149-00040395-00040674 we think that continuous access to the
PPS71W2P5Ly-00150-00040675-00040872 healthy food which is the main need and
PPS71W2P5Ly-00151-00040873-00041100 right of a human being must be no longer
PPS71W2P5Ly-00152-00041101-00041358 an issue for the humanity and we do
PPS71W2P5Ly-00153-00041359-00041652 continue to preserve our food because we
PPS71W2P5Ly-00154-00041653-00041910 know it well a better future is in our
PPS71W2P5Ly-00155-00041911-00042192 hands we only need to protect our foods
PPS71W2P5Ly-00156-00042193-00042517 and use our energy wisely
PPS71W2P5Ly-00157-00042518-00042724 you
PQg7bFRK44u-00000-00000070-00000364 Institute of space and astronautical
PQg7bFRK44u-00001-00000365-00000653 science you Joker Shui yen juice ooh Oh
PQg7bFRK44u-00002-00000654-00001037 whoo - kagaku ken Khujo isas is a
PQg7bFRK44u-00003-00001038-00001361 Japanese national research organization
PQg7bFRK44u-00004-00001362-00001602 of astrophysics using Rockets
PQg7bFRK44u-00005-00001603-00001801 astronomical satellites and
PQg7bFRK44u-00006-00001802-00002039 interplanetary probes which played a
PQg7bFRK44u-00007-00002039-00002409 major role in Japan's space development
PQg7bFRK44u-00008-00002410-00002855 since 2003 it is a division of Japan
PQg7bFRK44u-00009-00002856-00003399 aerospace exploration agency jaxa
PQg7bFRK44u-00010-00003400-00003743 you
PQg7bFRK44u-00011-00003744-00004302 topic history
PQg7bFRK44u-00012-00004303-00004641 the ISAs originated as part of the
PQg7bFRK44u-00013-00004642-00004908 Institute of industrial science of the
PQg7bFRK44u-00014-00004909-00005103 University of Tokyo
PQg7bFRK44u-00015-00005104-00005379 where Hideo Ito Kawa experimented with
PQg7bFRK44u-00016-00005380-00005688 miniature solid fuel Rockets pencil
PQg7bFRK44u-00017-00005689-00006191 rocket and baby rocket in the 1950s this
PQg7bFRK44u-00018-00006192-00006468 experimentation eventually led to the
PQg7bFRK44u-00019-00006469-00006746 development of the Kappa Kappa sounding
PQg7bFRK44u-00020-00006747-00007031 rocket which was used for observations
PQg7bFRK44u-00021-00007033-00007233 during the International Geophysical
PQg7bFRK44u-00022-00007234-00007818 Year by 1960 the Kappa - eight rocket
PQg7bFRK44u-00023-00007819-00008070 had reached an altitude of 200
PQg7bFRK44u-00024-00008070-00008277 kilometers
PQg7bFRK44u-00025-00008278-00008634 in 1964 the rocket group and the
PQg7bFRK44u-00026-00008635-00008892 Institute of Aeronautics along with
PQg7bFRK44u-00027-00008893-00009156 scientific ballooning team were merged
PQg7bFRK44u-00028-00009157-00009396 to form Institute of Space and
PQg7bFRK44u-00029-00009397-00009663 aeronautical science you Joe han Kang
PQg7bFRK44u-00030-00009664-00009963 Yeon Doo sOooo you chew Kaku ken qo
PQg7bFRK44u-00031-00009964-00010313 within the University of Tokyo the
PQg7bFRK44u-00032-00010314-00010680 rocket evolved into the L lambda series
PQg7bFRK44u-00033-00010681-00011171 and in 1970 L 4 S 5 was launched as
PQg7bFRK44u-00034-00011172-00011454 Japan's first artificial satellite
PQg7bFRK44u-00035-00011455-00011859 Osumi although lambda rockets were only
PQg7bFRK44u-00036-00011860-00012180 sounding rockets the next generation of
PQg7bFRK44u-00037-00012181-00012459 M mu rockets was intended to be
PQg7bFRK44u-00038-00012460-00012788 satellite launch vehicles from the start
PQg7bFRK44u-00039-00012789-00013329 beginning in 1971 ISAs launched a series
PQg7bFRK44u-00040-00013330-00013619 of scientific satellites to observe the
PQg7bFRK44u-00041-00013620-00014004 ionosphere and magnetosphere since the
PQg7bFRK44u-00042-00014005-00014502 launch of hakucho in 1979 ISAs has had
PQg7bFRK44u-00043-00014503-00014822 x-ray astronomy satellites consecutively
PQg7bFRK44u-00044-00014823-00015147 in orbit until it was briefly terminated
PQg7bFRK44u-00045-00015147-00015554 by the launch failure of Astro II
PQg7bFRK44u-00046-00015555-00015971 in 1981 as a part of university system
PQg7bFRK44u-00047-00015972-00016225 reform and for the mission expansion
PQg7bFRK44u-00048-00016226-00016556 ISAs was spun out from University of
PQg7bFRK44u-00049-00016557-00016865 Tokyo as an inter university national
PQg7bFRK44u-00050-00016866-00017168 research organization Institute of Space
PQg7bFRK44u-00051-00017169-00017490 and astronautical science
PQg7bFRK44u-00052-00017491-00017879 in 2003 three national aerospace
PQg7bFRK44u-00053-00017880-00018237 organizations including ISAs were merged
PQg7bFRK44u-00054-00018238-00018524 to form Japan aerospace exploration
PQg7bFRK44u-00055-00018525-00018999 agency jaxa the English name Institute
PQg7bFRK44u-00056-00019000-00019266 of Space and astronautical science as
PQg7bFRK44u-00057-00019267-00019539 still used although the Japanese name
PQg7bFRK44u-00058-00019540-00019836 was changed to you Joker Shui Yan Zhu
PQg7bFRK44u-00059-00019837-00020136 Ben boo literally Space Science Research
PQg7bFRK44u-00060-00020137-00020415 Division whereas the previous names
PQg7bFRK44u-00061-00020416-00020709 literal translation was space science
PQg7bFRK44u-00062-00020710-00021159 laboratory in 2010 the name was changed
PQg7bFRK44u-00063-00021160-00021465 back to the previous you choo kagaku ken
PQg7bFRK44u-00064-00021466-00021957 q ho you Joker Shui yen Jews
PQg7bFRK44u-00065-00021958-00022305 you
PQg7bFRK44u-00066-00022306-00023136 topic list of satellites by ISAs
PQg7bFRK44u-00067-00023137-00023455 you
PQg7bFRK44u-00068-00023456-00024516 topic before establishment of JAXA
PQg7bFRK44u-00069-00024517-00025259 topic after establishment of JAXA
PQg7bFRK44u-00070-00025260-00025572 you
PQg7bFRK44u-00071-00025573-00026200 topic future missions
PQg7bFRK44u-00072-00026201-00026543 you
PQg7bFRK44u-00073-00026544-00027133 topic see also
PQg7bFRK44u-00074-00027133-00027523 Hayabusa - a sample return mission from
PQg7bFRK44u-00075-00027524-00027732 an asteroid
PQg7bFRK44u-00076-00027733-00027920 Himes
PQg7bFRK44u-00077-00027920-00028414 eeeek arroz a solar sail spacecraft om o
PQg7bFRK44u-00078-00028416-00028996 te na Shi a planned lunar lander Procyon
PQg7bFRK44u-00079-00028997-00029327 and akula's deep-space probes developed
PQg7bFRK44u-00080-00029327-00029737 with University of Tokyo reusable
PQg7bFRK44u-00081-00029738-00030227 vehicle testing saline to a future lunar
PQg7bFRK44u-00082-00030227-00030931 lander SFU a joint mission with Nazz de
PTqMI4funyE-00000-00000614-00000872 haiyan well thank you very much a
PTqMI4funyE-00001-00000873-00001120 permutation oh I don't wonder is how you
PTqMI4funyE-00002-00001121-00001403 adjust for the focus is it forward this
PTqMI4funyE-00003-00001404-00002417 divided finally over but it's dividing
PTqMI4funyE-00004-00002418-00002867 the number of citations of the paper by
PTqMI4funyE-00005-00002868-00003173 number co-workers and then calculating
PTqMI4funyE-00006-00003174-00003518 the h-index based on the number of
PTqMI4funyE-00007-00003519-00003902 citations you get so it's an individual
PTqMI4funyE-00008-00003903-00004274 18 X so it's kind of a single off of
PTqMI4funyE-00009-00004275-00004606 equivalence 18 X so it's not like
PTqMI4funyE-00010-00004607-00004802 looking at the total number of citations
PTqMI4funyE-00011-00004803-00005060 and then dividing that one another
PTqMI4funyE-00012-00005061-00005270 quarters is looking at the number of
PTqMI4funyE-00013-00005271-00005516 citations for its paper so if you had a
PTqMI4funyE-00014-00005517-00005747 combination of single of the papers and
PTqMI4funyE-00015-00005748-00006022 multiple of the papers and you have a
PTqMI4funyE-00016-00006023-00006238 lot of citations for that symbol of the
PTqMI4funyE-00017-00006239-00006475 paper you'll keep all of those citations
PTqMI4funyE-00018-00006476-00006792 if you have a lot of citations to
PTqMI4funyE-00019-00006793-00007098 oh BTW has 20 authors there you need to
PTqMI4funyE-00020-00007098-00007416 have many more places for it to be
PTqMI4funyE-00021-00007417-00008449 included in an Internet thank you
PTqMI4funyE-00022-00008450-00008722 well thank you for your presentation in
PTqMI4funyE-00023-00008723-00009028 my case I have a web of science and the
PTqMI4funyE-00024-00009029-00009403 scopus h-index which is about one
PTqMI4funyE-00025-00009404-00009700 quarter of what my google scholar Agent
PTqMI4funyE-00026-00009701-00010351 X is and I site both because of the
PTqMI4funyE-00027-00010352-00010615 so-called credibility of web of science
PTqMI4funyE-00028-00010616-00010951 and scopus but when I look at the actual
PTqMI4funyE-00029-00010952-00011194 citations that all of those sources have
PTqMI4funyE-00030-00011195-00011479 I see why the age index is so low they
PTqMI4funyE-00031-00011480-00011808 miss more than half of my publications
PTqMI4funyE-00032-00011809-00012085 so it's a great miscarriage of justice
PTqMI4funyE-00033-00012086-00012510 really for those of us who work in the
PTqMI4funyE-00034-00012511-00012927 human sciences we were talking out in
PTqMI4funyE-00035-00012928-00013222 the hall about the incredible care which
PTqMI4funyE-00036-00013222-00013413 all of you and your colleagues are
PTqMI4funyE-00037-00013415-00013894 dedicating to bibliometrics for those of
PTqMI4funyE-00038-00013894-00014296 us involved in you know this micro level
PTqMI4funyE-00039-00014297-00014593 peer assessment it really is the case
PTqMI4funyE-00040-00014594-00014800 that we need to return our attention to
PTqMI4funyE-00041-00014801-00015010 the process of peer review the so-called
PTqMI4funyE-00042-00015011-00015400 you know subjective process of extra
PTqMI4funyE-00043-00015401-00015658 payment and we have youngsters in the
PTqMI4funyE-00044-00015659-00015940 room so I won't talk about what we all
PTqMI4funyE-00045-00015941-00016263 know that how flawed that process really
PTqMI4funyE-00046-00016265-00016609 is but that's what I would like to see
PTqMI4funyE-00047-00016610-00016942 happen next they're the same kind of
PTqMI4funyE-00048-00016943-00017200 rigor that you're you're all dedicating
PTqMI4funyE-00049-00017201-00017550 to to be an attitude of Leo metrics or
PTqMI4funyE-00050-00017551-00017800 the dispassionate analysis or was it
PTqMI4funyE-00051-00017801-00018049 productivity needs to happen at the
PTqMI4funyE-00052-00018050-00018388 level of a peer assessment you correctly
PTqMI4funyE-00053-00018389-00018766 distinguish between this idealized peer
PTqMI4funyE-00054-00018767-00018903 assessment I'd like to know if you've
PTqMI4funyE-00055-00018904-00019174 ever seen idealize peer assessment
PTqMI4funyE-00056-00019175-00019438 because in 30 some odd years of being an
PTqMI4funyE-00057-00019439-00019902 academic I had seen nothing approaching
PTqMI4funyE-00058-00019903-00021928 you know really thorough and care
PTqMI4funyE-00059-00021929-00023947 which is actually myself but he argues
PTqMI4funyE-00060-00023948-00024533 that in terms of transparency of doing
PTqMI4funyE-00061-00024534-00024775 it together they're an expert or not and
PTqMI4funyE-00062-00024776-00024964 all sorts of things like it actually
PTqMI4funyE-00063-00024965-00025342 stands as a reason for the money well
PTqMI4funyE-00064-00025343-00025550 being from North America let me let me
PTqMI4funyE-00065-00025551-00025874 just say that I I think he's miss
PTqMI4funyE-00066-00025875-00026134 informant he worked at American
PTqMI4funyE-00067-00026135-00026345 universities for a while which is these
PTqMI4funyE-00068-00026345-00026576 years but he he argued that when you set
PTqMI4funyE-00069-00026577-00026804 up committees try to make sure that
PTqMI4funyE-00070-00026805-00027002 you've got people in your expert in the
PTqMI4funyE-00071-00027002-00027663 precise
PTqMI4funyE-00072-00027664-00028060 transparent which is not the case in the
PTqMI4funyE-00073-00028061-00028314 UK referendums of sorts of hidden
PTqMI4funyE-00074-00028316-00028704 secrets going on mountain as a session
PTqMI4funyE-00075-00028705-00028975 individuals working university was
PTqMI4funyE-00076-00028976-00029329 making decisions that's where this fight
PTqMI4funyE-00077-00029330-00029644 afterwards yeah I mean ref itself panel
PTqMI4funyE-00078-00029645-00029908 members were told by the ref committee
PTqMI4funyE-00079-00029908-00030130 that when they finish their work they
PTqMI4funyE-00080-00030131-00030389 had to destroy it when their notes
PTqMI4funyE-00081-00030391-00030770 because the ref committee Mafeking
PTqMI4funyE-00082-00030772-00031129 worried about being taken to court lined
PTqMI4funyE-00083-00031130-00031330 into academics attempting to show that
PTqMI4funyE-00084-00031331-00031626 that people have not been correctly
PTqMI4funyE-00085-00031627-00032179 insulation total Pacino's not only the
PTqMI4funyE-00086-00032180-00032658 audience so some professions so it's not
PTqMI4funyE-00087-00032660-00033089 a criticism so misunderstood really
PTqMI4funyE-00088-00033090-00033357 but I always see that the google scholar
PTqMI4funyE-00089-00033358-00033585 is compared with two scruples and tomato
PTqMI4funyE-00090-00033586-00033875 size overthrow would experience not be
PTqMI4funyE-00091-00033876-00034221 database now that's we have to keep that
PTqMI4funyE-00092-00034222-00034506 in mind game collection it does not
PTqMI4funyE-00093-00034507-00034818 provide any metadata like a database
PTqMI4funyE-00094-00034819-00035109 where you can search for institutional
PTqMI4funyE-00095-00035110-00035490 data my country so if you compare here
PTqMI4funyE-00096-00035491-00035721 the coverage by Fiat is based on
PTqMI4funyE-00097-00035722-00035982 individualism and the sample it's not
PTqMI4funyE-00098-00035983-00036300 that we can search for filter so people
PTqMI4funyE-00099-00036301-00036483 are not assigning to anywhere they are
PTqMI4funyE-00100-00036484-00036777 some there are some derivatives Tigers
PTqMI4funyE-00101-00036778-00036978 kalam later if they try to do that work
PTqMI4funyE-00102-00036979-00037212 I went by now but I'm at minus services
PTqMI4funyE-00103-00037213-00037491 I don't want to speak about it forget it
PTqMI4funyE-00104-00037492-00037896 it's so hot it's a pool because and he
PTqMI4funyE-00105-00037897-00038412 did the problems with the bed emerges so
PTqMI4funyE-00106-00038413-00038571 on one hand I see if i look at my
PTqMI4funyE-00107-00038572-00038838 personal data in school are in the movie
PTqMI4funyE-00108-00038839-00039101 stroller I find a lot of noise
PTqMI4funyE-00109-00039102-00039435 non-academic staff that decided I would
PTqMI4funyE-00110-00039436-00039648 like to get rid of that but it still is
PTqMI4funyE-00111-00039649-00040047 dropping my my my statistics so patches
PTqMI4funyE-00112-00040048-00040236 of websites that assaulted they have
PTqMI4funyE-00113-00040237-00040509 never been intended to or reforms and
PTqMI4funyE-00114-00040510-00040650 commission reports I don't
PTqMI4funyE-00115-00040651-00040850 they are Saturday about the way our
PTqMI4funyE-00116-00040851-00041223 academic work or my university sprint
PTqMI4funyE-00117-00041224-00041508 sources it's all in the system and
PTqMI4funyE-00118-00041509-00041862 scintillating of course it social
PTqMI4funyE-00119-00041863-00042036 sciences actually it's affecting my
PTqMI4funyE-00120-00042037-00042357 social science so we have to take it as
PTqMI4funyE-00121-00042358-00042723 a pinch of salt trade so it's more rigor
PTqMI4funyE-00122-00042724-00042900 its focus on that besides they have
PTqMI4funyE-00123-00042901-00043080 there would be selective Germans and
PTqMI4funyE-00124-00043081-00043458 proceedings and books and we all know it
PTqMI4funyE-00125-00043459-00043662 it's the university is a closed universe
PTqMI4funyE-00126-00043663-00043926 and is it those videos you know that and
PTqMI4funyE-00127-00043927-00044151 we know all about the limitations we
PTqMI4funyE-00128-00044152-00044466 know about the device in the capital I'm
PTqMI4funyE-00129-00044467-00044634 going to green arrow you have the
PTqMI4funyE-00130-00044635-00044862 limitation I are the limitation don't
PTqMI4funyE-00131-00044863-00045237 luxury Texas bodily aureus does but the
PTqMI4funyE-00132-00045238-00045546 public dozens and okay yeah I confess
PTqMI4funyE-00133-00045547-00045777 but the truth you can know it but if you
PTqMI4funyE-00134-00045778-00046077 you you look at the google scholar even
PTqMI4funyE-00135-00046078-00046296 if you have expert in chemical through
PTqMI4funyE-00136-00046297-00046677 Bobby talking about the public doesn't
PTqMI4funyE-00137-00046678-00047058 know my deputy Fife sensor research is
PTqMI4funyE-00138-00047059-00047355 the life sciences had no idea he kept
PTqMI4funyE-00139-00047356-00047619 saying like oh but your faculties are
PTqMI4funyE-00140-00047620-00047933 the Performing because you know enough
PTqMI4funyE-00141-00047934-00048222 it will just get cited enough you need
PTqMI4funyE-00142-00048223-00048453 to double look at the medical faculty
PTqMI4funyE-00143-00048454-00048900 they're doing much better so it's
PTqMI4funyE-00144-00048901-00049174 educating the public
PTqMI4funyE-00145-00049175-00049471 that's correct i need google it still
PTqMI4funyE-00146-00049472-00049738 excellent digital to the soul and cannot
PTqMI4funyE-00147-00049739-00049882 be measured that'll be falsified
PTqMI4funyE-00148-00049883-00050212 everything everything but if you have to
PTqMI4funyE-00149-00050213-00050662 but the statistics has to be taken and I
PTqMI4funyE-00150-00050663-00050935 think we really talked about that in the
PTqMI4funyE-00151-00050936-00051279 quarry but i think it's like a google
PTqMI4funyE-00152-00051280-00051549 school or i would say as many
PTqMI4funyE-00153-00051550-00051795 eighty-five ninety percent accuracy for
PTqMI4funyE-00154-00051796-00051945 my record it's more than that but
PTqMI4funyE-00155-00051946-00052329 depending on individual and but it has
PTqMI4funyE-00156-00052329-00052623 nineteen ninety-five percent coverage
PTqMI4funyE-00157-00052624-00052909 the map of science CalPERS has ninety
PTqMI4funyE-00158-00052910-00053217 nine percent accuracy for my records but
PTqMI4funyE-00159-00053219-00053492 it has twenty or thirty percent coverage
PTqMI4funyE-00160-00053494-00053851 as a social science academic i prefer
PTqMI4funyE-00161-00053852-00054127 the lack of accuracy over a mega
PTqMI4funyE-00162-00054128-00054721 corporation as a life-size academic you
PTqMI4funyE-00163-00054722-00055336 know if I can the fact that web of
PTqMI4funyE-00164-00055337-00055765 science has for the social sciences or
PTqMI4funyE-00165-00055766-00056139 scopus twenty to thirty percent coverage
PTqMI4funyE-00166-00056140-00056704 is damnable it is absolutely an
PTqMI4funyE-00167-00056704-00057049 inaccurate source of information about
PTqMI4funyE-00168-00057050-00057277 sizing citation rates for social
PTqMI4funyE-00169-00057278-00057819 sciences so to say that we should first
PTqMI4funyE-00170-00057820-00058171 criticize google scholar because it has
PTqMI4funyE-00171-00058172-00058711 false it's okay has false hits but web
PTqMI4funyE-00172-00058712-00059141 of science in scopus mrs. true hits
PTqMI4funyE-00173-00059142-00059386 substantially that is the bigger concern
PTqMI4funyE-00174-00059387-00059729 it misses a substantial
PTqMI4funyE-00175-00059729-00060088 three bits and it is absolutely the case
PTqMI4funyE-00176-00060089-00060419 that while experts understand the
PTqMI4funyE-00177-00060420-00060688 strengths and limitations of each sort
PTqMI4funyE-00178-00060689-00060965 when you say the general public you mean
PTqMI4funyE-00179-00060966-00061346 department chair games and university
PTqMI4funyE-00180-00061347-00061769 presidents as well as as review
PTqMI4funyE-00181-00061770-00062228 committees fruit before for for grant
PTqMI4funyE-00182-00062229-00062569 publications so web of science and and
PTqMI4funyE-00183-00062570-00063041 scopus actually do a grave injustice to
PTqMI4funyE-00184-00063041-00063300 social scientists and in my opinion
PTqMI4funyE-00185-00063301-00063716 should not be used for the social
PTqMI4funyE-00186-00063716-00064013 sciences and humanities but I think we
PTqMI4funyE-00187-00064014-00064225 need for me we need that's why I
PTqMI4funyE-00188-00064226-00064415 laughter three prisoners because the
PTqMI4funyE-00189-00064416-00064675 perfectly complementary I come at it as
PTqMI4funyE-00190-00064676-00064898 a social science academic a cabinet and
PTqMI4funyE-00191-00064899-00065066 ammeter of an imitation wants to
PTqMI4funyE-00192-00065066-00065462 democratize citation analysis we decide
PTqMI4funyE-00193-00065463-00065810 to metrics experts to tell us about the
PTqMI4funyE-00194-00065811-00066044 limitations of these analysis tell us
PTqMI4funyE-00195-00066045-00066296 about any records so we need world but
PTqMI4funyE-00196-00066297-00066710 there will be always the attention to
PTqMI4funyE-00197-00066711-00066926 save one of the advantages of the agent
PTqMI4funyE-00198-00066927-00067196 X is that it is more robust than other
PTqMI4funyE-00199-00067197-00067454 indicators to the poor quality of data
PTqMI4funyE-00200-00067455-00067730 in Google Scholar because it only looks
PTqMI4funyE-00201-00067731-00068004 at the top of the commissions in person
PTqMI4funyE-00202-00068005-00068385 google scholar get right it misses out
PTqMI4funyE-00203-00068386-00068594 on all the rubbish down bottom which
PTqMI4funyE-00204-00068595-00069012 mistakes general things which other sons
PTqMI4funyE-00205-00069013-00069330 of citations so h-index with google
PTqMI4funyE-00206-00069331-00069710 scholar think is a good conversation
PTqMI4funyE-00207-00069711-00070128 yeah this is it won't become obvious XP
PTqMI4funyE-00208-00070129-00070368 individual editor if you talk about who
PTqMI4funyE-00209-00070369-00070716 is holding proceeded from so people had
PTqMI4funyE-00210-00070717-00070869 the fastball since the teeth we would
PTqMI4funyE-00211-00070870-00071229 like to compare research performance say
PTqMI4funyE-00212-00071230-00071553 i take it in sample from com stands on
PTqMI4funyE-00213-00071554-00071760 foot be also an example from the social
PTqMI4funyE-00214-00071761-00071961 sciences but the first thing she has
PTqMI4funyE-00215-00071962-00072165 become their research performance of the
PTqMI4funyE-00216-00072166-00072573 country and research in inorganic and
PTqMI4funyE-00217-00072574-00072885 analytical chemistry for instance of the
PTqMI4funyE-00218-00072886-00073146 country without of other countries you
PTqMI4funyE-00219-00073147-00073331 cannot do that this book is correct or
PTqMI4funyE-00220-00073332-00073860 possible the problem is of course if it
PTqMI4funyE-00221-00073861-00074049 comes of course we have to make a
PTqMI4funyE-00222-00074050-00074253 distinction because they are all city I
PTqMI4funyE-00223-00074254-00074466 real divided millimeters the work on
PTqMI4funyE-00224-00074467-00074615 whose combustible at the national level
PTqMI4funyE-00225-00074616-00074853 cannot be done without understand that
PTqMI4funyE-00226-00074854-00075225 you cannot assign individual items and
PTqMI4funyE-00227-00075226-00075447 would not say articles because it books
PTqMI4funyE-00228-00075448-00075656 it is everything if I'm even
PTqMI4funyE-00229-00075657-00075850 presentation powerpoint presentation
PTqMI4funyE-00230-00075851-00076093 if they are cited times a negative is
PTqMI4funyE-00231-00076094-00076375 cool you cannot assign them to do it
PTqMI4funyE-00232-00076376-00076630 would affiliation to institution two
PTqMI4funyE-00233-00076631-00076912 countries just too old that's really a
PTqMI4funyE-00234-00076913-00077278 point that that is yeah that is the one
PTqMI4funyE-00235-00077279-00077428 thing you have to keep in mind if you
PTqMI4funyE-00236-00077429-00077677 use google scholar you have to go back
PTqMI4funyE-00237-00077678-00077884 you have to do all is sample as you have
PTqMI4funyE-00238-00077885-00078136 done based on individuals and then you
PTqMI4funyE-00239-00078137-00078370 can say okay these individuals can be
PTqMI4funyE-00240-00078371-00078565 associated with the field is an
PTqMI4funyE-00241-00078566-00078742 institution with the country and so on
PTqMI4funyE-00242-00078743-00078985 and then we can make in then you can say
PTqMI4funyE-00243-00078986-00079408 yeah i can conduct even a large scale
PTqMI4funyE-00244-00079409-00079831 analyzed but the bottom to use the
PTqMI4funyE-00245-00079832-00080143 complete system for great on my fields
PTqMI4funyE-00246-00080144-00080374 by countries by whatever is not possible
PTqMI4funyE-00247-00080375-00080575 and that's it the formulas produce
PTqMI4funyE-00248-00080576-00080851 cooler you have to stress the duck it's
PTqMI4funyE-00249-00080852-00081175 not the criticism but it's it's at each
PTqMI4funyE-00250-00081176-00081589 other but i think that is a major issue
PTqMI4funyE-00251-00081590-00081853 between the nutrition swirl it's not an
PTqMI4funyE-00252-00081854-00082062 issue for the
PTqMI4funyE-00253-00082063-00082269 it's ninety ninety seventy eighty people
PTqMI4funyE-00254-00082270-00082437 academics are only interested in
PTqMI4funyE-00255-00082438-00082911 themselves maybe you order to their
PTqMI4funyE-00256-00082912-00083277 callings but I and the problem is since
PTqMI4funyE-00257-00083278-00083538 you say Google Scholar is not a database
PTqMI4funyE-00258-00083539-00083841 you have day on the author you have day
PTqMI4funyE-00259-00083842-00084138 of the year probation not always correct
PTqMI4funyE-00260-00084139-00084414 watch incorrect you have data on the
PTqMI4funyE-00261-00084415-00084585 journal that's it you don't know the
PTqMI4funyE-00262-00084586-00084954 contributor on your connection and if I
PTqMI4funyE-00263-00084955-00085272 if I may just take you from one point
PTqMI4funyE-00264-00085273-00085641 and I I do accept the cookie but also
PTqMI4funyE-00265-00085642-00085869 what to put another point of view me as
PTqMI4funyE-00266-00085870-00087290 well and the rubbish this lots of noise
PTqMI4funyE-00267-00087291-00087642 but then again if you feel sorry for
PTqMI4funyE-00268-00087643-00088344 that she said and any scientists my
PTqMI4funyE-00269-00088345-00088563 individual academics to me that we
PTqMI4funyE-00270-00088564-00088823 thought has had an impact I don't care
PTqMI4funyE-00271-00088824-00089077 that is not an academic
PTqMI4funyE-00272-00089078-00089332 I'm not going to evaluate as slightly as
PTqMI4funyE-00273-00089333-00089554 an academic education but if many people
PTqMI4funyE-00274-00089555-00089862 have found that they useful
PTqMI4funyE-00275-00089863-00090127 communication and lack of it I think
PTqMI4funyE-00276-00090128-00090541 it's a valid way yes you're right but
PTqMI4funyE-00277-00090542-00090867 the fashion arises of course it's not
PTqMI4funyE-00278-00090868-00091255 it's not tenable it might be it might
PTqMI4funyE-00279-00091256-00091507 also be a rebel down because it's not a
PTqMI4funyE-00280-00091508-00091915 little early so if the trust is good
PTqMI4funyE-00281-00091916-00092260 operative to ever get original and in
PTqMI4funyE-00282-00092261-00092557 scientific research that is normal but
PTqMI4funyE-00283-00092558-00093114 an atomic and SS publication recommended
PTqMI4funyE-00284-00093115-00093493 and then we have also something is a lot
PTqMI4funyE-00285-00093494-00093691 technical problem is the essential
PTqMI4funyE-00286-00093692-00093865 province for instance is hoping this
PTqMI4funyE-00287-00093866-00094186 book you mentioned one and that chapters
PTqMI4funyE-00288-00094187-00094387 are in considered individually in the
PTqMI4funyE-00289-00094388-00094627 divided publications it's tuned if it
PTqMI4funyE-00290-00094628-00094984 comes to admit it no sir then the most
PTqMI4funyE-00291-00094985-00095230 represent different orders you can
PTqMI4funyE-00292-00095231-00095641 consider them by individual englsih and
PTqMI4funyE-00293-00095642-00095917 they are inside that separately and this
PTqMI4funyE-00294-00095918-00096139 is one of the main air was already in
PTqMI4funyE-00295-00096140-00096304 google it you'll also that the census
PTqMI4funyE-00296-00096305-00096463 figures in the book citation in this
PTqMI4funyE-00297-00096464-00096781 post is that I haven't edited Bob Jones
PTqMI4funyE-00298-00096782-00097045 it is a moot and Jewish more here comes
PTqMI4funyE-00299-00097046-00097434 in form and most citation put individual
PTqMI4funyE-00300-00097435-00097762 chapters written by other scientists are
PTqMI4funyE-00301-00097763-00098158 assigned to me and to Hank and to fully
PTqMI4funyE-00302-00098159-00098344 and this is a mistake that's a false
PTqMI4funyE-00303-00098345-00098485 positive and false
PTqMI4funyE-00304-00098486-00098807 meditations this is fun fun then if you
PTqMI4funyE-00305-00098808-00099059 give this book we have be a problem that
PTqMI4funyE-00306-00099060-00099230 we have different editions and
PTqMI4funyE-00307-00099231-00099623 translations when can be booked a second
PTqMI4funyE-00308-00099624-00099836 to help improve essentially which
PTqMI4funyE-00309-00099837-00100019 condition be considered a new product
PTqMI4funyE-00310-00100020-00100268 I'm not sure and then we have also
PTqMI4funyE-00311-00100269-00100469 problem with some 11 fields in the
PTqMI4funyE-00312-00100470-00100679 social sciences and humanities but below
PTqMI4funyE-00313-00100680-00100955 the borderline between is search and
PTqMI4funyE-00314-00100956-00101339 cousin types of different applications
PTqMI4funyE-00315-00101340-00101749 goes this is the same journal sometimes
PTqMI4funyE-00316-00101750-00101995 so it's very difficult to distinguish
PTqMI4funyE-00317-00101996-00102568 the different service and researched so
PTqMI4funyE-00318-00102569-00102733 that's generally professional cannot be
PTqMI4funyE-00319-00102734-00102977 solved by using databases and this is a
PTqMI4funyE-00320-00102978-00103223 more sophisticated pressure but again
PTqMI4funyE-00321-00103224-00103529 looking at your picture will try at all
PTqMI4funyE-00322-00103530-00103855 yeah and he saw the problems are more
PTqMI4funyE-00323-00103856-00104505 importance
PTqMI4funyE-00324-00104506-00104773 research evaluation respective but most
PTqMI4funyE-00325-00104774-00104958 people don't seem to be able to make
PTqMI4funyE-00326-00104959-00105863 that decision
PTqMI4funyE-00327-00105864-00106170 could you not worry tell the gender bias
PTqMI4funyE-00328-00106171-00106879 correction but the HLA index seems to do
PTqMI4funyE-00329-00106880-00107261 yesterday my friends to do correctly
PTqMI4funyE-00330-00107263-00107654 that the age l.a index corrects the
PTqMI4funyE-00331-00107655-00107970 gender bias appears in the with the
PTqMI4funyE-00332-00107971-00108132 other innocence could you elaborate and
PTqMI4funyE-00333-00108133-00108410 allison is because his humanities are
PTqMI4funyE-00334-00108411-00108852 more signal to two women then to you I
PTqMI4funyE-00335-00108853-00109229 mean the even for the h-index work and
PTqMI4funyE-00336-00109230-00109443 there was no significant difference
PTqMI4funyE-00337-00109444-00109818 between female and male academics but
PTqMI4funyE-00338-00109819-00110090 because the female academics we wanted
PTqMI4funyE-00339-00110091-00110291 to have one male one female of each
PTqMI4funyE-00340-00110292-00110514 individual sub-discipline but obviously
PTqMI4funyE-00341-00110515-00110753 some service events didn't have being
PTqMI4funyE-00342-00110754-00111000 elected mas and some sub-disciplines
PTqMI4funyE-00343-00111001-00111351 they've had male academics and because
PTqMI4funyE-00344-00111352-00111570 the sub disciplines that they had me
PTqMI4funyE-00345-00111571-00112032 like that I certificate the humanities
PTqMI4funyE-00346-00112033-00112410 sciences so by correcting for co-authors
PTqMI4funyE-00347-00112411-00112701 that small long significant difference
PTqMI4funyE-00348-00112702-00113407 maybe even less significance but overall
PTqMI4funyE-00349-00113408-00114094 we didn't find
PTqMI4funyE-00350-00114095-00114483 yeah something must be here and
PTqMI4funyE-00351-00114484-00114719 conducted the study it wasn't a German
PTqMI4funyE-00352-00114720-00114908 study of course we can accomplish it
PTqMI4funyE-00353-00114908-00115210 because of course we be based on
PTqMI4funyE-00354-00115211-00115516 individual scientists also gender study
PTqMI4funyE-00355-00115517-00115888 and it was part interesting to see ya
PTqMI4funyE-00356-00115889-00116134 and also have to see how to do to deal
PTqMI4funyE-00357-00116135-00116420 and how to interpret indicators when he
PTqMI4funyE-00358-00116421-00116894 found that women are less productive but
PTqMI4funyE-00359-00116895-00117395 this equals efficiency and then we
PTqMI4funyE-00360-00117396-00117557 looked at yeah they are more active
PTqMI4funyE-00361-00117558-00117784 France in the lifestyle they are less
PTqMI4funyE-00362-00117785-00118073 active in engineering and that means
PTqMI4funyE-00363-00118074-00118408 actually if you normalize via citation
PTqMI4funyE-00364-00118409-00118786 impact by the feet standard than females
PTqMI4funyE-00365-00118787-00119062 and mates as the same standard so he has
PTqMI4funyE-00366-00119063-00119200 to be very careful how many would you
PTqMI4funyE-00367-00119201-00119416 please and so because of us also for
PTqMI4funyE-00368-00119417-00119580 instance in
PTqMI4funyE-00369-00119581-00119759 amenities and some of the PFLAG
PTqMI4funyE-00370-00119760-00120258 amenities will be long so they are
PTqMI4funyE-00371-00120258-00120614 represented today and needs as units are
PTqMI4funyE-00372-00120615-00121160 princeton other and if you have to ask
PTqMI4funyE-00373-00121161-00121392 you put it in the first place so if
PTqMI4funyE-00374-00121393-00121548 people make this can be very misleading
PTqMI4funyE-00375-00121549-00121869 if it is not already interpreted so this
PTqMI4funyE-00376-00121870-00122094 August my bond people are saying about
PTqMI4funyE-00377-00122095-00122256 when you are doing be permitted on the
PTqMI4funyE-00378-00122257-00122406 day for 30 years already more people
PTqMI4funyE-00379-00122407-00122595 more but we are so critical is people
PTqMI4funyE-00380-00122596-00122847 make it you have to yeah that's why I
PTqMI4funyE-00381-00122848-00123020 invest for these issues around the
PTqMI4funyE-00382-00123021-00124124 scopus who this person databases
PTqMI4funyE-00383-00124125-00124376 is there any effort being made to look
PTqMI4funyE-00384-00124377-00124636 at things like scope of work or
PTqMI4funyE-00385-00124638-00124918 complexity of work and maybe using
PTqMI4funyE-00386-00124919-00125255 manuscript length as a proxy for those
PTqMI4funyE-00387-00125256-00125560 things as you adjust for co off the
PTqMI4funyE-00388-00125561-00126889 ships I think in economics this being a
PTqMI4funyE-00389-00126890-00127214 felon a journal communications face of
PTqMI4funyE-00390-00127215-00127583 the number of page equivalents of the
PTqMI4funyE-00391-00127583-00127936 leading journal so they look at the
PTqMI4funyE-00392-00127938-00128421 number of pages regular article is
PTqMI4funyE-00393-00128422-00129046 it is very messy a very it was a recent
PTqMI4funyE-00394-00129047-00129274 study this is sudden I could take it
PTqMI4funyE-00395-00129275-00129658 very well done which was commented on
PTqMI4funyE-00396-00129658-00130051 silent special it's a very large kind of
PTqMI4funyE-00397-00130052-00130276 surveys of something like eight hundred
PTqMI4funyE-00398-00130277-00130525 thousand papers and what they're looking
PTqMI4funyE-00399-00130526-00130814 at was one of those limits in the length
PTqMI4funyE-00400-00130815-00131228 that helps at fine is just again
PTqMI4funyE-00401-00131229-00131482 significant effect which was the shoot
PTqMI4funyE-00402-00131483-00131922 for the title more side no citations ago
PTqMI4funyE-00403-00131923-00132165 I'm sure when it seems true for the
PTqMI4funyE-00404-00132166-00132469 length of the article swell myself my
PTqMI4funyE-00405-00132470-00132727 colleagues who was there historians you
PTqMI4funyE-00406-00132728-00132864 know argue with me all the time that
PTqMI4funyE-00407-00132865-00133222 while they may write one book every four
PTqMI4funyE-00408-00133223-00133522 or five years their total page output as
PTqMI4funyE-00409-00133523-00134453 you're far exceeds mine
PTqMI4funyE-00410-00134454-00134748 also peacefully single author boobies
PTqMI4funyE-00411-00134749-00136002 well of course yes
PTqMI4funyE-00412-00136003-00136210 Oh
PTSY_VezhFE-00000-00000019-00000340 Rai Bahadur sir Upendra Nath Brahmachari
PTSY_VezhFE-00001-00000341-00000416 Bengali
PTSY_VezhFE-00002-00000417-00000655 Upendra Natha brahmacari the 19th of
PTSY_VezhFE-00003-00000656-00000964 December 1873 to the 6th of February
PTSY_VezhFE-00004-00000965-00001241 1946 was an Indian scientist and a
PTSY_VezhFE-00005-00001242-00001436 leading medical practitioner of his time
PTSY_VezhFE-00006-00001437-00001721 he synthesized urea STIB amine kar
PTSY_VezhFE-00007-00001722-00002002 Bathsheba mine in 1922 and determined
PTSY_VezhFE-00008-00002003-00002185 that it was an effective substitute for
PTSY_VezhFE-00009-00002186-00002387 the other antimony containing compounds
PTSY_VezhFE-00010-00002388-00002593 in the treatment of kala azar visceral
PTSY_VezhFE-00011-00002594-00002776 leishmaniasis which is caused by a
PTSY_VezhFE-00012-00002777-00003095 protozoan Leishmania Dona Vani his
PTSY_VezhFE-00013-00003096-00003304 discovery led to the saving of thousands
PTSY_VezhFE-00014-00003305-00003511 of lives in India particularly in the
PTSY_VezhFE-00015-00003513-00003688 erstwhile province of Assam where
PTSY_VezhFE-00016-00003689-00003847 several villages were completely
PTSY_VezhFE-00017-00003848-00004060 depopulated by the devastating disease
PTSY_VezhFE-00018-00004061-00004328 the achievement of Brahmachari was a
PTSY_VezhFE-00019-00004329-00004556 milestone in successful application of
PTSY_VezhFE-00020-00004557-00004736 science in medical treatment in the
PTSY_VezhFE-00021-00004737-00004979 years before arrival of antibiotics when
PTSY_VezhFE-00022-00004980-00005183 there were few specific drugs including
PTSY_VezhFE-00023-00005184-00005381 quinine for malaria iron for anemia
PTSY_VezhFE-00024-00005382-00005642 digitalis for heart diseases and arsenic
PTSY_VezhFE-00025-00005643-00005897 compounds for syphilis most other
PTSY_VezhFE-00026-00005898-00006104 ailments were treated symptomatically by
PTSY_VezhFE-00027-00006105-00006368 palliative methods urea still mean was
PTSY_VezhFE-00028-00006369-00006535 thus a significant addition to the
PTSY_VezhFE-00029-00006536-00007210 arsenal of specific medicines
PTSY_VezhFE-00030-00007211-00007743 topic early life
PTSY_VezhFE-00031-00007744-00008009 Upendra nath Brahmachari was born on the
PTSY_VezhFE-00032-00008011-00008325 19th of December 1873 in SAR Donga
PTSY_VezhFE-00033-00008326-00008520 village near / bast alley district
PTSY_VezhFE-00034-00008521-00008820 Birdmen of West Bengal India his father
PTSY_VezhFE-00035-00008821-00009045 nominee Brahmachari was a physician in
PTSY_VezhFE-00036-00009046-00009288 East Indian Railways his mother's name
PTSY_VezhFE-00037-00009289-00009555 was Saurabh Sundari Devi he completed
PTSY_VezhFE-00038-00009556-00009732 his early education from eastern
PTSY_VezhFE-00039-00009733-00010034 railways boys high school Jamalpur in
PTSY_VezhFE-00040-00010035-00010359 1893 he passed ba degree from Hooghly
PTSY_VezhFE-00041-00010360-00010494 MOS in college with honors in
PTSY_VezhFE-00042-00010495-00010794 mathematics and chemistry thereafter he
PTSY_VezhFE-00043-00010795-00010941 went to study medicine with higher
PTSY_VezhFE-00044-00010942-00011196 chemistry he passed his master's degree
PTSY_VezhFE-00045-00011197-00011415 in 1894 from the Presidency College
PTSY_VezhFE-00046-00011416-00011898 Kolkata in MB examination of 1900 of the
PTSY_VezhFE-00047-00011899-00012126 University of Calcutta he stood first in
PTSY_VezhFE-00048-00012127-00012312 medicine and in surgery for which he
PTSY_VezhFE-00049-00012313-00012594 received good even MacLeod Awards he
PTSY_VezhFE-00050-00012595-00012876 obtained his MD degree in 1902 and was
PTSY_VezhFE-00051-00012877-00013179 awarded a PhD degree in 1904 for his
PTSY_VezhFE-00052-00013180-00013458 research paper on studies in hemolysis
PTSY_VezhFE-00053-00013459-00013733 both from the University of Calcutta in
PTSY_VezhFE-00054-00013734-00014093 1898 he married non-ebola devi
PTSY_VezhFE-00055-00014094-00014304 brahmachari joined the provincial
PTSY_VezhFE-00056-00014305-00014588 medical service in September 1899 and
PTSY_VezhFE-00057-00014590-00014796 appointed as a teacher of pathology and
PTSY_VezhFE-00058-00014797-00015000 materia medica and physician in the
PTSY_VezhFE-00059-00015001-00015419 Dacca Medical School in 1901 in 1905 he
PTSY_VezhFE-00060-00015420-00015618 was appointed as a teacher in medicine
PTSY_VezhFE-00061-00015619-00015788 and physician at the Campbell Medical
PTSY_VezhFE-00062-00015790-00016044 School mil Ratan Sircar Medical College
PTSY_VezhFE-00063-00016044-00016254 and hospital Calcutta where he carried
PTSY_VezhFE-00064-00016255-00016476 out most of his work on kala azar and
PTSY_VezhFE-00065-00016477-00016662 made his monumental discovery of urea
PTSY_VezhFE-00066-00016663-00016992 STIB amine in 1923 he joined as
PTSY_VezhFE-00067-00016993-00017160 additional physician in the Medical
PTSY_VezhFE-00068-00017161-00017412 College Hospital he retired from the
PTSY_VezhFE-00069-00017413-00017603 government service as a physician in
PTSY_VezhFE-00070-00017604-00017892 1927 after retirement from the
PTSY_VezhFE-00071-00017893-00018093 government service Brahmachari joined
PTSY_VezhFE-00072-00018094-00018258 the Carmichael Medical College in
PTSY_VezhFE-00073-00018259-00018459 Kolkata as professor of tropical
PTSY_VezhFE-00074-00018460-00018729 diseases he also served the National
PTSY_VezhFE-00075-00018730-00018918 Medical Institute in charge of its
PTSY_VezhFE-00076-00018919-00019197 tropical disease ward he was also the
PTSY_VezhFE-00077-00019198-00019341 head of the Department of Biochemistry
PTSY_VezhFE-00078-00019342-00019563 and honorary professor of biochemistry
PTSY_VezhFE-00079-00019564-00019806 at the University College of Science
PTSY_VezhFE-00080-00019807-00019887 Calcutta
PTSY_VezhFE-00081-00019888-00020199 around 1924 Brahmachari established the
PTSY_VezhFE-00082-00020200-00020406 Brahmachari Research Institute in his
PTSY_VezhFE-00083-00020407-00020580 own residence in Cornwallis Street
PTSY_VezhFE-00084-00020581-00020925 Vedanta Rani Kolkata this Institute was
PTSY_VezhFE-00085-00020926-00021129 later converted into a partnership can
PTSY_VezhFE-00086-00021130-00021294 CERN with his sons fan Indra Nath and
PTSY_VezhFE-00087-00021295-00021564 Nirmal Kumar under his guidance this
PTSY_VezhFE-00088-00021565-00021753 Institute did quite well both in the
PTSY_VezhFE-00089-00021754-00021930 fields of research and manufacture of
PTSY_VezhFE-00090-00021931-00022161 medicine the Institute stopped
PTSY_VezhFE-00091-00022162-00022825 functioning in 1963
PTSY_VezhFE-00092-00022826-00023410 topic Social Services
PTSY_VezhFE-00093-00023411-00023651 Brahmachari played an important part in
PTSY_VezhFE-00094-00023652-00023825 the formation of the world's second
PTSY_VezhFE-00095-00023826-00024185 blood bank in Kolkata in 1939 he was the
PTSY_VezhFE-00096-00024186-00024308 chairman of the blood transfusion
PTSY_VezhFE-00097-00024309-00024560 service of Bengal he was the vice
PTSY_VezhFE-00098-00024561-00024701 president of the st. John Ambulance
PTSY_VezhFE-00099-00024702-00024968 Association of the Bengal branch and
PTSY_VezhFE-00100-00024969-00025211 also its president he was the first
PTSY_VezhFE-00101-00025212-00025379 Indian to become the chairman of the
PTSY_VezhFE-00102-00025380-00025571 managing body of the Indian Red Cross
PTSY_VezhFE-00103-00025572-00025837 Society of the Bengal branch he
PTSY_VezhFE-00104-00025838-00026008 generously contributed to the high
PTSY_VezhFE-00105-00026010-00026212 school in per bas tally in Bardhaman
PTSY_VezhFE-00106-00026213-00026480 district near his ancestral house the
PTSY_VezhFE-00107-00026481-00026663 school was later renamed the Purvis
PTSY_VezhFE-00108-00026664-00027356 tally mill many Brahmachari institution
PTSY_VezhFE-00109-00027357-00027998 topic awards and honors for his
PTSY_VezhFE-00110-00027999-00028202 achievements he received many awards
PTSY_VezhFE-00111-00028202-00028418 including the Griffith Memorial Prize of
PTSY_VezhFE-00112-00028419-00028622 the University of Calcutta the Minto
PTSY_VezhFE-00113-00028623-00028811 medal by the Calcutta School of Tropical
PTSY_VezhFE-00114-00028812-00029117 Medicine and hygiene 1921 and the Sir
PTSY_VezhFE-00115-00029118-00029312 William Jones medal by the Asiatic
PTSY_VezhFE-00116-00029313-00029618 Society of Bengal he was awarded the
PTSY_VezhFE-00117-00029619-00029819 title of rai bahadur and awarded the
PTSY_VezhFE-00118-00029820-00030074 kaiser i Hine gold medal first class by
PTSY_VezhFE-00119-00030075-00030376 the governor-general Lord Lytton 1924 in
PTSY_VezhFE-00120-00030377-00030632 1934 he was conferred a knighthood by
PTSY_VezhFE-00121-00030633-00030905 the British government 1934 brahmachari
PTSY_VezhFE-00122-00030906-00031087 was a nominee for the Nobel Prize in
PTSY_VezhFE-00123-00031088-00031385 1929 in the category of Physiology and
PTSY_VezhFE-00124-00031386-00031610 medicine he was president of the
PTSY_VezhFE-00125-00031611-00031763 twenty-third session of the Indian
PTSY_VezhFE-00126-00031764-00032150 Science Congress in Indore 1936 he was
PTSY_VezhFE-00127-00032151-00032324 the president of the Indian Chemical
PTSY_VezhFE-00128-00032325-00032711 Society Calcutta 1936 he was honored
PTSY_VezhFE-00129-00032712-00032852 with the fellowships of the Royal
PTSY_VezhFE-00130-00032853-00033053 Society of Medicine London and the
PTSY_VezhFE-00131-00033054-00033272 Indian National Science Academy as well
PTSY_VezhFE-00132-00033273-00033452 as the president of the Asiatic Society
PTSY_VezhFE-00133-00033453-00033893 of Bengal for two years 1928-29 he was
PTSY_VezhFE-00134-00033894-00034073 also the vice chairman of the board of
PTSY_VezhFE-00135-00034074-00034346 trustees of the Indian Museum the
PTSY_VezhFE-00136-00034347-00034580 Kolkata Municipal Corporation renamed
PTSY_VezhFE-00137-00034581-00034859 Loudon Street the dr. UN brahmachari
PTSY_VezhFE-00138-00034860-00035234 Street topic important works some of his
PTSY_VezhFE-00139-00035235-00035468 important works are studies in hemolysis
PTSY_VezhFE-00140-00035469-00035846 University of Calcutta 1909 kala azar
PTSY_VezhFE-00141-00035847-00036122 its treatment Butterworth & Co Limited
PTSY_VezhFE-00142-00036123-00036512 Calcutta 1917 kala azar in dr. Karl
PTSY_VezhFE-00143-00036513-00036689 menses handbag dirt rope and crank
PTSY_VezhFE-00144-00036690-00037106 heighten vol 4 1926 treatise on kala
PTSY_VezhFE-00145-00037107-00037418 azar John Bale Sons & Danielsson Limited
PTSY_VezhFE-00146-00037419-00037787 London 1928 campaign against kala azar
PTSY_VezhFE-00147-00037788-00038033 in India in Jubilee publication on the
PTSY_VezhFE-00148-00038034-00038236 80th birthday of doctor professor
PTSY_VezhFE-00149-00038237-00038690 bernhard nacht hamburg 1937 progress of
PTSY_VezhFE-00150-00038691-00038882 medical research work in india during
PTSY_VezhFE-00151-00038883-00039116 the last 25 years and progress of
PTSY_VezhFE-00152-00039117-00039341 science in india during the past 25
PTSY_VezhFE-00153-00039342-00039496 years Indian Science Congress
PTSY_VezhFE-00154-00039497-00039842 Association 1938 gleanings from my
PTSY_VezhFE-00155-00039843-00040150 researchers vol I University of Calcutta
PTSY_VezhFE-00156-00040151-00040529 1940 gleanings from my researchers vol 2
PTSY_VezhFE-00157-00040530-00040700 University of Calcutta
PTSY_VezhFE-00158-00040701-00040742 9
PTSY_VezhFE-00159-00040743-00041048 team 41 infant till biliary cirrhosis in
PTSY_VezhFE-00160-00041049-00041297 India in British encyclopedia of medical
PTSY_VezhFE-00161-00041298-00041662 practice edited by Sir Humphrey Ralston
PTSY_VezhFE-00162-00041663-00042016 equals equals notes
PVdBKzmB2q4-00000-00000000-00000245 foreign
PVdBKzmB2q4-00002-00005905-00006638 why are you keeping me
PVdBKzmB2q4-00003-00006639-00008125 [Music]
PVdBKzmB2q4-00004-00008126-00008195 [Applause]
PVdBKzmB2q4-00006-00011882-00012182 thank you
PWGjmNXQKXk-00000-00000128-00000318 who is a jew hebrew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00001-00000319-00000559 my yuri pronounced mihu jehudi is a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00002-00000560-00000790 basic question about jewish identity and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00003-00000791-00000947 considerations of jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00004-00000948-00001111 self-identification
PWGjmNXQKXk-00005-00001112-00001311 the question is based on ideas about
PWGjmNXQKXk-00006-00001312-00001519 jewish personhood which have cultural
PWGjmNXQKXk-00007-00001520-00001791 ethnic religious political genealogical
PWGjmNXQKXk-00008-00001792-00001982 and personal dimensions
PWGjmNXQKXk-00009-00001984-00002207 orthodox judaism and conservative
PWGjmNXQKXk-00010-00002208-00002423 judaism follow the halika deeming a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00011-00002424-00002607 person to be jewish if their mother is
PWGjmNXQKXk-00012-00002608-00002758 jewish or they underwent a proper
PWGjmNXQKXk-00013-00002759-00002887 conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00014-00002888-00003110 reform judaism and reconstructionist
PWGjmNXQKXk-00015-00003111-00003335 judaism accept both matrilineal and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00016-00003336-00003486 patrilineal descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00017-00003488-00003727 charity judaism predominantly follows
PWGjmNXQKXk-00018-00003728-00003943 patrilineal descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00019-00003944-00004191 jewish identity is also commonly defined
PWGjmNXQKXk-00020-00004192-00004319 through ethnicity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00021-00004320-00004519 opinion polls have suggested that the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00022-00004520-00004727 majority of jews see being jewish as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00023-00004728-00004935 predominantly a matter of ancestry and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00024-00004936-00005511 culture rather than religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00025-00005512-00005683 traditional interpretation and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00026-00005684-00006118 variations
PWGjmNXQKXk-00027-00006119-00006318 the definition of who is a jew varies
PWGjmNXQKXk-00028-00006319-00006454 according to whether it is being
PWGjmNXQKXk-00029-00006455-00006646 considered by jews on the basis of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00030-00006647-00006834 religious law and tradition or
PWGjmNXQKXk-00031-00006836-00007063 self-identification or by non-jews for
PWGjmNXQKXk-00032-00007064-00007142 other reasons
PWGjmNXQKXk-00033-00007143-00007406 sometimes for prejudicial purposes
PWGjmNXQKXk-00034-00007408-00007591 because jewish identity can include
PWGjmNXQKXk-00035-00007592-00007783 characteristics of an ethnicity a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00036-00007784-00007927 religion or peoplehood
PWGjmNXQKXk-00037-00007928-00008095 the definition depends on either
PWGjmNXQKXk-00038-00008095-00008303 traditional or newer interpretations of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00039-00008304-00008439 jewish law and custom
PWGjmNXQKXk-00040-00008440-00008671 israel's law of return stipulates that a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00041-00008672-00008855 jew is someone with a jewish mother or
PWGjmNXQKXk-00042-00008856-00009071 someone who has converted to judaism and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00043-00009072-00009295 is not a member of another religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00044-00009296-00009519 the israeli chief rabbinate requires
PWGjmNXQKXk-00045-00009520-00009695 documents proving the jewishness of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00046-00009696-00009767 one's mother
PWGjmNXQKXk-00047-00009768-00009955 grandmother great-grandmother and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00048-00009956-00010119 great-great-grandmother when applying
PWGjmNXQKXk-00049-00010120-00010246 for marriage
PWGjmNXQKXk-00050-00010247-00010510 the office of the chief rabbi ocr has
PWGjmNXQKXk-00051-00010511-00010710 underlined the basic principle that a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00052-00010711-00010751 child
PWGjmNXQKXk-00053-00010752-00010991 is not recognized by the ocr and other
PWGjmNXQKXk-00054-00010992-00011174 bodies as jewish unless his or her
PWGjmNXQKXk-00055-00011175-00011351 mother is jewish or they underwent a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00056-00011352-00011551 conversion recognized by the body
PWGjmNXQKXk-00057-00011552-00011735 according to the simplest definition
PWGjmNXQKXk-00058-00011736-00011874 used by most jews for
PWGjmNXQKXk-00059-00011875-00012103 self-identification a person is a jew by
PWGjmNXQKXk-00060-00012104-00012295 birth or becomes one through religious
PWGjmNXQKXk-00061-00012296-00012423 conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00062-00012424-00012591 however there are differences in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00063-00012592-00012759 interpretations when it comes to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00064-00012760-00012999 non-orthodox jewish denominations in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00065-00013000-00013166 application of this definition
PWGjmNXQKXk-00066-00013168-00013447 including should a person with only one
PWGjmNXQKXk-00067-00013447-00013711 jewish parent be considered jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00068-00013712-00013886 which conversion processes should be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00069-00013887-00014071 considered valid
PWGjmNXQKXk-00070-00014072-00014263 can one remain a jew after converting to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00071-00014263-00014438 another religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00072-00014440-00014622 how does being unaware of having jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00073-00014623-00014903 parents affect one's jewish status
PWGjmNXQKXk-00074-00014904-00015103 how is jewish identity determined in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00075-00015104-00015222 different countries throughout the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00076-00015223-00015430 jewish diaspora
PWGjmNXQKXk-00077-00015431-00015638 how is the claim to israeli citizenship
PWGjmNXQKXk-00078-00015640-00015847 adjudicated in the context of the basic
PWGjmNXQKXk-00079-00015847-00016350 laws of israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-00080-00016351-00016839 tanatic judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00081-00016840-00016999 according to the mishnah the first
PWGjmNXQKXk-00082-00017000-00017191 written source for halakhah the status
PWGjmNXQKXk-00083-00017192-00017367 of the offspring of mixed marriages was
PWGjmNXQKXk-00084-00017368-00017591 determined matrilineally
PWGjmNXQKXk-00085-00017592-00017847 according to historian shay j d cohen in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00086-00017848-00018047 the bible the status of the offspring of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00087-00018048-00018199 mixed marriages was determined
PWGjmNXQKXk-00088-00018200-00018343 patrilineally
PWGjmNXQKXk-00089-00018344-00018567 he brings two likely explanations for
PWGjmNXQKXk-00090-00018568-00018719 the change in mishnak times
PWGjmNXQKXk-00091-00018720-00018886 first the mishnah may have been applying
PWGjmNXQKXk-00092-00018887-00019086 the same logic to mixed marriages as it
PWGjmNXQKXk-00093-00019087-00019350 had applied to other mixtures kalayam
PWGjmNXQKXk-00094-00019351-00019575 thus a mixed marriage is forbidden as is
PWGjmNXQKXk-00095-00019576-00019775 the union of a horse and a donkey and in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00096-00019776-00019799 both
PWGjmNXQKXk-00097-00019800-00019950 unions the offspring are judged
PWGjmNXQKXk-00098-00019951-00020111 matrilineally
PWGjmNXQKXk-00099-00020112-00020311 second the tane may have been influenced
PWGjmNXQKXk-00100-00020312-00020535 by roman law which dictated that when a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00101-00020536-00020694 parent could not contract a legal
PWGjmNXQKXk-00102-00020695-00020743 marriage
PWGjmNXQKXk-00103-00020744-00020958 offspring would follow the mother
PWGjmNXQKXk-00104-00020959-00021119 however leviticus
PWGjmNXQKXk-00105-00021120-00021422 24 verse 11 ezra chapters 9 to 10 and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00106-00021423-00021591 nehemiah chapter 13
PWGjmNXQKXk-00107-00021592-00021750 seemed to indicate that matrilineal
PWGjmNXQKXk-00108-00021751-00021967 descent was recognized and patrilineal
PWGjmNXQKXk-00109-00021968-00022175 descent was rejected in biblical times
PWGjmNXQKXk-00110-00022176-00022639 as well
PWGjmNXQKXk-00111-00022640-00023143 contemporary judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00112-00023144-00023342 all jewish religious movements agree
PWGjmNXQKXk-00113-00023343-00023535 that a person may be a jew either by
PWGjmNXQKXk-00114-00023536-00023742 birth or through conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00115-00023743-00023967 according to halakha a jew by birth must
PWGjmNXQKXk-00116-00023968-00024183 be born to a jewish mother
PWGjmNXQKXk-00117-00024184-00024375 halika states that the acceptance of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00118-00024376-00024599 principles and practices of judaism does
PWGjmNXQKXk-00119-00024600-00024799 not make a person a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00120-00024800-00025014 however those born jewish do not lose
PWGjmNXQKXk-00121-00025015-00025183 that status because they cease to be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00122-00025184-00025383 observant jews even if they adopt the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00123-00025384-00025606 practices of another religion reform and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00124-00025607-00025822 reconstructionist judaism as movements
PWGjmNXQKXk-00125-00025823-00026014 which reject the concept of halakhah
PWGjmNXQKXk-00126-00026016-00026231 often accept a child as jewish even if
PWGjmNXQKXk-00127-00026232-00026407 only the father is jewish and if the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00128-00026408-00026679 child chooses to identify as jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00129-00026680-00026918 as the various denominations of judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00130-00026919-00027111 differ on their conversion processes
PWGjmNXQKXk-00131-00027112-00027295 conversions performed by more liberal
PWGjmNXQKXk-00132-00027295-00027502 denominations are not accepted by those
PWGjmNXQKXk-00133-00027504-00027983 that are less so
PWGjmNXQKXk-00134-00027983-00028423 jewish by birth
PWGjmNXQKXk-00135-00028424-00028607 according to halika to determine a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00136-00028608-00028807 person's jewish status hebrew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00137-00028808-00028990 euhassan one needs to consider the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00138-00028991-00029190 status of both parents
PWGjmNXQKXk-00139-00029191-00029390 if both parents are jewish their child
PWGjmNXQKXk-00140-00029391-00029590 will also be considered jewish and the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00141-00029591-00029774 child takes the status of the father
PWGjmNXQKXk-00142-00029775-00030070 e.g as a cohen if either parent is
PWGjmNXQKXk-00143-00030072-00030302 subject to a genealogical disability
PWGjmNXQKXk-00144-00030303-00030558 e.g is a mamser then the child is also
PWGjmNXQKXk-00145-00030560-00030774 subject to that disability
PWGjmNXQKXk-00146-00030775-00030983 if one of the parents is not jewish the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00147-00030983-00031183 rule is that the child takes the status
PWGjmNXQKXk-00148-00031183-00031399 of the mother kardashian 68 b
PWGjmNXQKXk-00149-00031400-00031758 shulchan aruk a419 the ruling is derived
PWGjmNXQKXk-00150-00031760-00031918 from various sources including
PWGjmNXQKXk-00151-00031919-00032199 deuteronomy chapter 7 verses 1-5
PWGjmNXQKXk-00152-00032200-00032390 leviticus chapter 24
PWGjmNXQKXk-00153-00032391-00032743 10 ezra chapter 10 verses 2-3
PWGjmNXQKXk-00154-00032744-00032974 accordingly if the mother is jewish so
PWGjmNXQKXk-00155-00032975-00033174 is her child and if she is not jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00156-00033175-00033431 neither is her child considered jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00157-00033432-00033646 in orthodox judaism the child of a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00158-00033647-00033831 non-jewish mother can be considered
PWGjmNXQKXk-00159-00033832-00034039 jewish only by a process of conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00160-00034040-00034183 to judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00161-00034184-00034367 the child is also freed from any
PWGjmNXQKXk-00162-00034368-00034590 disabilities and special status to which
PWGjmNXQKXk-00163-00034591-00034823 the father may have been subject e.g
PWGjmNXQKXk-00164-00034824-00035062 being a mamser or cohan under jewish law
PWGjmNXQKXk-00165-00035063-00035279 the orthodox and conservative branches
PWGjmNXQKXk-00166-00035280-00035479 of judaism maintain that the halachic
PWGjmNXQKXk-00167-00035480-00035527 rules
PWGjmNXQKXk-00168-00035528-00035743 i.e matrilineal descent are valid and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00169-00035744-00035862 binding
PWGjmNXQKXk-00170-00035863-00036102 reform and liberal judaism do not accept
PWGjmNXQKXk-00171-00036103-00036318 the halachic rules as binding and most
PWGjmNXQKXk-00172-00036319-00036527 branches accept a child of one jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00173-00036528-00036599 parent whether
PWGjmNXQKXk-00174-00036600-00036783 father or mother as jewish if the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00175-00036784-00036967 parents raise the child as a jew and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00176-00036968-00037174 foster a jewish identity in the child
PWGjmNXQKXk-00177-00037175-00037430 noting that in the bible the line always
PWGjmNXQKXk-00178-00037431-00037551 followed the father
PWGjmNXQKXk-00179-00037552-00037807 including the cases of joseph and moses
PWGjmNXQKXk-00180-00037808-00038046 who married into non-israelite priestly
PWGjmNXQKXk-00181-00038047-00038215 families
PWGjmNXQKXk-00182-00038216-00038423 however according to the oral tradition
PWGjmNXQKXk-00183-00038424-00038679 of orthodox judaism the spouses of both
PWGjmNXQKXk-00184-00038680-00038902 joseph and moses converted to judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00185-00038903-00039071 prior to marrying them the reform
PWGjmNXQKXk-00186-00039072-00039246 movement's standard states that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00187-00039247-00039455 for those beyond childhood claiming
PWGjmNXQKXk-00188-00039456-00039574 jewish identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00189-00039575-00039839 other public acts or declarations may be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00190-00039840-00040102 added or substituted after consultation
PWGjmNXQKXk-00191-00040103-00040318 with their rabbi
PWGjmNXQKXk-00192-00040319-00040535 advocates of patrilineal descent point
PWGjmNXQKXk-00193-00040536-00040646 to genesis
PWGjmNXQKXk-00194-00040647-00040974 48 verses 15 to 20 in deuteronomy
PWGjmNXQKXk-00195-00040975-00041343 10 15. this policy is commonly known as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00196-00041344-00041511 patrilineal descent though
PWGjmNXQKXk-00197-00041512-00042135 bilineal would be more accurate
PWGjmNXQKXk-00198-00042136-00042599 patrilineal descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00199-00042600-00042895 in 1983 the reform central conference of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00200-00042896-00043135 american rabbis passed the resolution on
PWGjmNXQKXk-00201-00043136-00043262 patrilineal descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00202-00043263-00043446 declaring that the child of one jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00203-00043447-00043599 parent is under the presumption of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00204-00043600-00043751 jewish descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00205-00043752-00043927 this presumption of the status of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00206-00043928-00044118 offspring of any mixed marriage is to be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00207-00044119-00044279 established through appropriate and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00208-00044280-00044462 timely public and formal acts of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00209-00044463-00044662 identification with the jewish faith and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00210-00044663-00044855 people
PWGjmNXQKXk-00211-00044856-00045062 depending on circumstances mitsva
PWGjmNXQKXk-00212-00045063-00045279 leading toward a positive and exclusive
PWGjmNXQKXk-00213-00045280-00045495 jewish identity will include entry into
PWGjmNXQKXk-00214-00045496-00045687 the covenant acquisition of a hebrew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00215-00045688-00045727 name
PWGjmNXQKXk-00216-00045728-00045990 torah study bar bat mitzvah and kabbalah
PWGjmNXQKXk-00217-00045991-00046167 torah confirmation
PWGjmNXQKXk-00218-00046168-00046351 for those beyond childhood claiming
PWGjmNXQKXk-00219-00046352-00046574 jewish identity other public acts or
PWGjmNXQKXk-00220-00046575-00046807 declarations may be added or substituted
PWGjmNXQKXk-00221-00046808-00047071 after consultation with their rabbi
PWGjmNXQKXk-00222-00047072-00047415 rabbi mark washowski summarizes the 1983
PWGjmNXQKXk-00223-00047416-00047655 ccar resolution and subsequent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00224-00047656-00047799 interpretations in reform
PWGjmNXQKXk-00225-00047800-00048102 response literature as follows the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00226-00048103-00048199 resolution is
PWGjmNXQKXk-00227-00048200-00048415 advisory rather than hula sheikh in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00228-00048416-00048574 traditional sense
PWGjmNXQKXk-00229-00048575-00048799 it does not establish a new definition
PWGjmNXQKXk-00230-00048800-00048935 of jewish identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00231-00048936-00049158 for its preamble states expressly that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00232-00049159-00049343 it means to be operative only for
PWGjmNXQKXk-00233-00049344-00049558 reformed jews in north america
PWGjmNXQKXk-00234-00049559-00049935 not for all jews everywhere
PWGjmNXQKXk-00235-00049936-00050327 jewish descent may be from either parent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00236-00050328-00050558 the reform movement presumes the child
PWGjmNXQKXk-00237-00050559-00050702 of one jewish parent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00238-00050703-00051007 either mother or father as jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00239-00051008-00051350 in fact the 1983 resolution is in one
PWGjmNXQKXk-00240-00051351-00051575 significant respect more stringent than
PWGjmNXQKXk-00241-00051576-00051775 the traditional definition of jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00242-00051776-00051911 status
PWGjmNXQKXk-00243-00051912-00052166 the child of a jewish mother and gentile
PWGjmNXQKXk-00244-00052167-00052214 father
PWGjmNXQKXk-00245-00052215-00052479 whom halacha regards as clearly jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00246-00052479-00052694 enjoys but a presumption of jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00247-00052695-00052935 status that must be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00248-00052936-00053263 established by appropriate and timely
PWGjmNXQKXk-00249-00053264-00053591 public and formal acts of identification
PWGjmNXQKXk-00250-00053591-00053903 biology remains a crucial factor in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00251-00053904-00054279 determination of jewish identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00252-00054279-00054542 dot the child of two gentile parents as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00253-00054544-00054630 as before
PWGjmNXQKXk-00254-00054632-00054887 definitely a non-jew and must undergo a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00255-00054888-00055103 formal conversion in order to become a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00256-00055104-00055342 jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00257-00055344-00055582 both dissent and behavior are crucial in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00258-00055583-00055782 determining jewish status under the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00259-00055783-00055942 resolution
PWGjmNXQKXk-00260-00055944-00056150 the jewish status of a child of an
PWGjmNXQKXk-00261-00056151-00056454 intermarriage cannot be determined
PWGjmNXQKXk-00262-00056455-00056726 automatically either by biology or
PWGjmNXQKXk-00263-00056727-00056838 behavior
PWGjmNXQKXk-00264-00056839-00057135 both elements descent from one jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00265-00057136-00057335 parent and the performance of mitzvah
PWGjmNXQKXk-00266-00057336-00057519 that lead to a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00267-00057520-00057799 positive and exclusive jewish identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00268-00057800-00057991 must be present and they must be present
PWGjmNXQKXk-00269-00057991-00058175 during childhood
PWGjmNXQKXk-00270-00058176-00058423 the resolution applies only to children
PWGjmNXQKXk-00271-00058424-00058575 raised exclusively as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00272-00058576-00059007 jews a child raised simultaneously
PWGjmNXQKXk-00273-00059008-00059207 in judaism and another religious
PWGjmNXQKXk-00274-00059208-00059479 tradition does not develop a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00275-00059479-00059766 positive and exclusive jewish identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00276-00059767-00059959 therefore the presumption of jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00277-00059960-00060206 status is disproved and the resolution
PWGjmNXQKXk-00278-00060207-00060447 does not apply to that child
PWGjmNXQKXk-00279-00060448-00060687 he or she will require conversion prior
PWGjmNXQKXk-00280-00060688-00060766 to observing
PWGjmNXQKXk-00281-00060767-00061103 barr or bat mitzvah in the synagogue
PWGjmNXQKXk-00282-00061104-00061279 waiving the need for formal conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00283-00061279-00061463 for anyone with at least one jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00284-00061464-00061654 parent who has made affirmative acts of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00285-00061655-00061871 jewish identity was a departure from the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00286-00061872-00062087 traditional position requiring formal
PWGjmNXQKXk-00287-00062088-00062271 conversion to judaism for children
PWGjmNXQKXk-00288-00062272-00062606 without a jewish mother the ccar's 1983
PWGjmNXQKXk-00289-00062607-00062823 resolution has had a mixed reception in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00290-00062824-00063015 reformed jewish communities outside the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00291-00063016-00063271 united states most notably
PWGjmNXQKXk-00292-00063272-00063438 the israel movement for progressive
PWGjmNXQKXk-00293-00063439-00063694 judaism has rejected patrilineal descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00294-00063695-00063879 and requires formal conversion for
PWGjmNXQKXk-00295-00063879-00064063 anyone not born of a jewish mother
PWGjmNXQKXk-00296-00064064-00064279 charity judaism believes that jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00297-00064279-00064463 identity can only be transmitted by
PWGjmNXQKXk-00298-00064464-00064647 patrilineal descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00299-00064648-00064863 they argue that only patrilineal descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00300-00064864-00065063 can transmit jewish identity on the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00301-00065064-00065230 grounds that all descent in the torah
PWGjmNXQKXk-00302-00065232-00065382 went according to the male line
PWGjmNXQKXk-00303-00065383-00065599 basing this idea on the fact that in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00304-00065600-00065791 bible tribes are given male names and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00305-00065792-00065967 that biblical characters are always
PWGjmNXQKXk-00306-00065968-00066191 referenced by their father's names
PWGjmNXQKXk-00307-00066192-00066431 however a minority of modern karates
PWGjmNXQKXk-00308-00066432-00066631 believe that jewish identity requires
PWGjmNXQKXk-00309-00066632-00066847 that both parents be jewish and not only
PWGjmNXQKXk-00310-00066848-00067047 the father the divergence of views has
PWGjmNXQKXk-00311-00067048-00067238 become an issue because orthodox and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00312-00067239-00067399 conservative communities do not
PWGjmNXQKXk-00313-00067400-00067599 recognize a person as jewish if only
PWGjmNXQKXk-00314-00067600-00067782 their father is jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00315-00067783-00067982 for the person to be accepted as jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00316-00067983-00068215 by an orthodox or conservative community
PWGjmNXQKXk-00317-00068216-00068294 for example
PWGjmNXQKXk-00318-00068295-00068503 on an occasion of their bar bat mitzvah
PWGjmNXQKXk-00319-00068504-00068663 or marriage they require a formal
PWGjmNXQKXk-00320-00068664-00068863 conversion in accordance with hallucic
PWGjmNXQKXk-00321-00068864-00068982 standards
PWGjmNXQKXk-00322-00068983-00069206 orthodox judaism has a predominant
PWGjmNXQKXk-00323-00069207-00069359 position in israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-00324-00069360-00069543 although orthodox and conservative
PWGjmNXQKXk-00325-00069544-00069759 judaism do not recognize jewishness
PWGjmNXQKXk-00326-00069760-00069926 through patrilineal descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00327-00069927-00070167 it should also be noted however that in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00328-00070168-00070391 the case of a child born to a jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00329-00070392-00070606 father but to a non-jewish mother
PWGjmNXQKXk-00330-00070607-00070847 most orthodox rabbis will relax the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00331-00070848-00070959 stringent demands
PWGjmNXQKXk-00332-00070960-00071262 normally made of would-be converts and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00333-00071263-00071406 the rabbinical assembly of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00334-00071407-00071543 conservative movement
PWGjmNXQKXk-00335-00071544-00071782 agreed that sincere jews by choice
PWGjmNXQKXk-00336-00071783-00071943 should be warmly welcomed into the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00337-00071944-00072511 community
PWGjmNXQKXk-00338-00072512-00072975 converts to judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00339-00072976-00073206 all mainstream forms of judaism today
PWGjmNXQKXk-00340-00073207-00073423 are open to sincere converts with most
PWGjmNXQKXk-00341-00073424-00073606 subgroups accepting converts by the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00342-00073607-00073662 process
PWGjmNXQKXk-00343-00073663-00073887 accepted within the group not all
PWGjmNXQKXk-00344-00073888-00074062 conversions are recognized by all
PWGjmNXQKXk-00345-00074063-00074335 varieties of judaism in rabbinic judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00346-00074336-00074519 the laws of conversion are based on the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00347-00074520-00074711 classical sources of jewish law
PWGjmNXQKXk-00348-00074712-00074926 especially discussions in the talmud and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00349-00074927-00075206 the law is codified in the shulkin arach
PWGjmNXQKXk-00350-00075207-00075423 this corpus of traditional jewish law
PWGjmNXQKXk-00351-00075424-00075647 halika is regarded as authoritative by
PWGjmNXQKXk-00352-00075648-00075799 the orthodox and conservative
PWGjmNXQKXk-00353-00075800-00076055 movements the traditional helic
PWGjmNXQKXk-00354-00076056-00076206 requirements for conversion are
PWGjmNXQKXk-00355-00076207-00076367 instruction in the commandments
PWGjmNXQKXk-00356-00076368-00076599 circumcision if male an immersion in an
PWGjmNXQKXk-00357-00076600-00076815 acceptable body of water before valid
PWGjmNXQKXk-00358-00076816-00076959 witnesses and acceptance of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00359-00076960-00077215 commandments before a rabbinical court
PWGjmNXQKXk-00360-00077216-00077462 if a male is already circumcised a drop
PWGjmNXQKXk-00361-00077463-00077631 of blood is drawn from the penis
PWGjmNXQKXk-00362-00077632-00077823 orthodox authorities require that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00363-00077824-00078023 conversions be performed in accord with
PWGjmNXQKXk-00364-00078024-00078223 traditional jewish law and recognize
PWGjmNXQKXk-00365-00078224-00078375 only those conversions in which a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00366-00078376-00078559 convert accepts and undertakes to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00367-00078560-00078599 observe
PWGjmNXQKXk-00368-00078600-00078823 jewish law is interpreted by orthodox
PWGjmNXQKXk-00369-00078824-00078950 rabbis
PWGjmNXQKXk-00370-00078951-00079150 because rabbis in the other movements do
PWGjmNXQKXk-00371-00079151-00079326 not require that converts make this
PWGjmNXQKXk-00372-00079327-00079391 commitment
PWGjmNXQKXk-00373-00079392-00079599 orthodox authorities do not generally
PWGjmNXQKXk-00374-00079600-00079799 accept as valid conversions performed
PWGjmNXQKXk-00375-00079800-00079975 outside the orthodox community
PWGjmNXQKXk-00376-00079976-00080159 conservative authorities likewise
PWGjmNXQKXk-00377-00080160-00080350 require that conversions be conducted
PWGjmNXQKXk-00378-00080351-00080599 according to traditional jewish law
PWGjmNXQKXk-00379-00080600-00080775 conducting a conversion absent the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00380-00080776-00080959 traditional requirements of immersion in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00381-00080960-00081182 a ritual bath and circumcision for males
PWGjmNXQKXk-00382-00081183-00081359 is a violation of a standard of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00383-00081360-00081543 rabbinical assembly and grounds for
PWGjmNXQKXk-00384-00081544-00081671 expulsion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00385-00081672-00081862 conservative authorities generally
PWGjmNXQKXk-00386-00081863-00082071 recognize any conversion done in accord
PWGjmNXQKXk-00387-00082072-00082279 with the requirements of jewish law even
PWGjmNXQKXk-00388-00082280-00082431 if done outside the conservative
PWGjmNXQKXk-00389-00082432-00082543 movement
PWGjmNXQKXk-00390-00082544-00082759 accordingly conservative rabbis may
PWGjmNXQKXk-00391-00082760-00082959 accept the validity of some conversions
PWGjmNXQKXk-00392-00082960-00083150 from other non-orthodox movements the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00393-00083151-00083391 union for reform judaism states that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00394-00083392-00083591 people considering conversion are
PWGjmNXQKXk-00395-00083592-00083831 expected to study jewish theology
PWGjmNXQKXk-00396-00083832-00084118 rituals history culture and customs and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00397-00084119-00084367 to begin incorporating jewish practices
PWGjmNXQKXk-00398-00084368-00084535 into their lives
PWGjmNXQKXk-00399-00084536-00084743 the length and format of the course of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00400-00084744-00085006 study will vary from rabbi to rabbi and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00401-00085007-00085159 community to community
PWGjmNXQKXk-00402-00085160-00085367 though most now require a course in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00403-00085368-00085631 basic judaism and individual study with
PWGjmNXQKXk-00404-00085632-00085703 a rabbi
PWGjmNXQKXk-00405-00085704-00085918 as well as attendance at services and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00406-00085919-00086143 participation in home practice and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00407-00086144-00086343 synagogue life
PWGjmNXQKXk-00408-00086344-00086526 its central conference of american
PWGjmNXQKXk-00409-00086527-00086759 rabbis recommends that three rabbis be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00410-00086760-00087006 present for the conversion ceremony
PWGjmNXQKXk-00411-00087007-00087175 the rabbinical court of the israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-00412-00087176-00087350 movement for progressive judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00413-00087351-00087550 requires an average of a year of study
PWGjmNXQKXk-00414-00087551-00087750 to become conversant in jewish life and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00415-00087751-00087871 tradition
PWGjmNXQKXk-00416-00087872-00088079 following this converts are required to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00417-00088080-00088311 immerse in a ritual bath be circumcised
PWGjmNXQKXk-00418-00088312-00088494 if male and accept the commandments
PWGjmNXQKXk-00419-00088495-00088671 before the rabbinical court although an
PWGjmNXQKXk-00420-00088672-00088855 infant conversion might be accepted in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00421-00088856-00088982 some circumstances
PWGjmNXQKXk-00422-00088983-00089182 such as in the case of adopted children
PWGjmNXQKXk-00423-00089183-00089359 or children whose parents convert
PWGjmNXQKXk-00424-00089360-00089550 children who convert would typically be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00425-00089551-00089679 asked if they want to remain
PWGjmNXQKXk-00426-00089680-00089838 jewish after reaching religious
PWGjmNXQKXk-00427-00089839-00090062 adulthood which is 12 years of age for a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00428-00090063-00090223 girl and 13 for a boy
PWGjmNXQKXk-00429-00090224-00090494 as required by jewish law carity judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00430-00090495-00090647 does not accept the oral legal
PWGjmNXQKXk-00431-00090648-00090871 traditions of rabbinic judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00432-00090872-00091031 it has different requirements for
PWGjmNXQKXk-00433-00091032-00091231 conversion and refrained from accepting
PWGjmNXQKXk-00434-00091232-00091462 any converts until recently
PWGjmNXQKXk-00435-00091463-00091679 traditionally non-proselytizing on
PWGjmNXQKXk-00436-00091680-00091975 august 1 2007 the karates reportedly
PWGjmNXQKXk-00437-00091976-00092215 converted their first new members in 500
PWGjmNXQKXk-00438-00092216-00092326 years
PWGjmNXQKXk-00439-00092327-00092479 at a ceremony in their northern
PWGjmNXQKXk-00440-00092480-00092711 california synagogue ten adults and four
PWGjmNXQKXk-00441-00092712-00092935 miners swore fealty to judaism after
PWGjmNXQKXk-00442-00092936-00093143 completing a year of study
PWGjmNXQKXk-00443-00093144-00093399 this conversion came 15 years after the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00444-00093400-00093623 karate council of sages reversed its
PWGjmNXQKXk-00445-00093624-00093735 centuries-old ban
PWGjmNXQKXk-00446-00093736-00093950 on accepting converts syrian jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00447-00093951-00094135 communities do not normally carry out
PWGjmNXQKXk-00448-00094136-00094318 conversions particularly where the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00449-00094319-00094503 conversion is suspected of being for the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00450-00094504-00094647 sake of marriage
PWGjmNXQKXk-00451-00094648-00094838 nor do they accept such converts from
PWGjmNXQKXk-00452-00094839-00095015 other communities or the children of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00453-00095016-00095215 mixed marriages or marriages involving
PWGjmNXQKXk-00454-00095216-00095703 such converts
PWGjmNXQKXk-00455-00095704-00096247 jews who have practiced another religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00456-00096248-00096511 in general orthodox judaism considers
PWGjmNXQKXk-00457-00096512-00096726 individuals born of jewish mothers to be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00458-00096727-00096903 jewish even if they convert to or
PWGjmNXQKXk-00459-00096904-00097150 raised in another religion reformed
PWGjmNXQKXk-00460-00097151-00097391 judaism views jews who convert to or are
PWGjmNXQKXk-00461-00097392-00097679 raised in another religion as non-jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00462-00097680-00098126 for example anyone who claims that jesus
PWGjmNXQKXk-00463-00098127-00098526 as their savior is no longer a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00464-00098527-00098791 contemporary american reform response
PWGjmNXQKXk-00465-00098792-00098982 number 68 historically
PWGjmNXQKXk-00466-00098983-00099150 a jew who has been declared to be a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00467-00099151-00099311 heretic hebrew min
PWGjmNXQKXk-00468-00099312-00099574 min or christian hebrew nazri nusri
PWGjmNXQKXk-00469-00099575-00099638 meaning
PWGjmNXQKXk-00470-00099639-00099911 nazarene may have had a cherum similar
PWGjmNXQKXk-00471-00099912-00100031 to excommunication
PWGjmNXQKXk-00472-00100032-00100223 placed on him or her but the practice of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00473-00100224-00100343 communal and religious
PWGjmNXQKXk-00474-00100344-00100518 exclusion does not affect their status
PWGjmNXQKXk-00475-00100519-00100679 of jewish birth
PWGjmNXQKXk-00476-00100680-00100911 judaism also views as jewish those who
PWGjmNXQKXk-00477-00100912-00100999 involuntarily
PWGjmNXQKXk-00478-00101000-00101231 convert from judaism to another religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00479-00101232-00101359 hebrew anusim
PWGjmNXQKXk-00480-00101360-00101631 news of meaning forced ones and their
PWGjmNXQKXk-00481-00101632-00101823 matrilineal descendants are likewise
PWGjmNXQKXk-00482-00101824-00102047 considered to be jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00483-00102048-00102271 judaism has a category for those who are
PWGjmNXQKXk-00484-00102272-00102471 jewish but who do not practice or who do
PWGjmNXQKXk-00485-00102472-00102678 not accept the tenets of judaism whether
PWGjmNXQKXk-00486-00102679-00102839 or not they have converted to another
PWGjmNXQKXk-00487-00102840-00102958 religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00488-00102959-00103134 the traditional view regarding these
PWGjmNXQKXk-00489-00103135-00103382 individuals known as mashumadam hebrew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00490-00103383-00103590 m s adamdim is that they are jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00491-00103591-00103751 however there is much debate in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00492-00103752-00103799 rabbinic
PWGjmNXQKXk-00493-00103800-00104006 literature regarding their status visa
PWGjmNXQKXk-00494-00104007-00104206 vis the application of jewish law and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00495-00104207-00104423 their participation in jewish ritual but
PWGjmNXQKXk-00496-00104424-00104671 not to their status as jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00497-00104672-00104878 a jew who leaves judaism is free to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00498-00104879-00105127 return to the religion at any time
PWGjmNXQKXk-00499-00105128-00105343 in general no formal ceremony or
PWGjmNXQKXk-00500-00105344-00105534 declaration is required to return to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00501-00105535-00105702 jewish practices
PWGjmNXQKXk-00502-00105703-00105902 all movements of judaism welcome the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00503-00105903-00106119 return to judaism of those who have left
PWGjmNXQKXk-00504-00106120-00106351 or been raised in another religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00505-00106352-00106543 when returning to judaism these
PWGjmNXQKXk-00506-00106544-00106734 individuals would be expected to abandon
PWGjmNXQKXk-00507-00106735-00106919 their previous practices and adopt
PWGjmNXQKXk-00508-00106920-00107110 jewish customs
PWGjmNXQKXk-00509-00107111-00107327 the same rules in principle apply to the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00510-00107328-00107551 matrilineal descendants of such persons
PWGjmNXQKXk-00511-00107552-00107710 though some rabbinical authorities may
PWGjmNXQKXk-00512-00107711-00107919 require stricter proof of jewish descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00513-00107920-00108039 than others
PWGjmNXQKXk-00514-00108040-00108231 whether such persons are required to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00515-00108232-00108447 undergo a full formal conversion depends
PWGjmNXQKXk-00516-00108448-00108615 on the community and their individual
PWGjmNXQKXk-00517-00108616-00108775 circumstances
PWGjmNXQKXk-00518-00108776-00108975 for example a male who has had a brit
PWGjmNXQKXk-00519-00108976-00109166 millah who has a general understanding
PWGjmNXQKXk-00520-00109167-00109358 of judaism but who has been raised in a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00521-00109359-00109407 secular
PWGjmNXQKXk-00522-00109408-00109599 home might not be required to undergo
PWGjmNXQKXk-00523-00109600-00109766 ritual conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00524-00109767-00109966 however a male who has not had a brit
PWGjmNXQKXk-00525-00109967-00110190 milla a male or female who has converted
PWGjmNXQKXk-00526-00110191-00110343 to or been brought up in another
PWGjmNXQKXk-00527-00110344-00110543 religion or an individual raised in a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00528-00110544-00110727 completely secular home without any
PWGjmNXQKXk-00529-00110728-00110958 jewish education in most communities may
PWGjmNXQKXk-00530-00110959-00111158 be required to undergo a full ritual
PWGjmNXQKXk-00531-00111159-00111286 conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00532-00111288-00111502 for full participation in the community
PWGjmNXQKXk-00533-00111503-00111647 for example to marry with the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00534-00111648-00111807 participation of a rabbi
PWGjmNXQKXk-00535-00111808-00111958 they may be required to display
PWGjmNXQKXk-00536-00111959-00112166 sincerity such as a declaration of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00537-00112167-00112302 commitment to judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00538-00112303-00112502 another example of the issues involved
PWGjmNXQKXk-00539-00112503-00112710 is the case of converts to judaism who
PWGjmNXQKXk-00540-00112711-00112919 cease to practice judaism whether or not
PWGjmNXQKXk-00541-00112920-00113119 they still regard themselves as jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00542-00113120-00113302 do not accept or follow halika
PWGjmNXQKXk-00543-00113303-00113543 or now adhere to another religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00544-00113544-00113615 technically
PWGjmNXQKXk-00545-00113616-00113823 such a person remains jewish like all
PWGjmNXQKXk-00546-00113824-00113990 jews provided that the original
PWGjmNXQKXk-00547-00113991-00114166 conversion is valid
PWGjmNXQKXk-00548-00114167-00114407 however in some recent cases haradi
PWGjmNXQKXk-00549-00114408-00114599 rabbinical authorities as well as the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00550-00114600-00114815 current religious zionist israeli chief
PWGjmNXQKXk-00551-00114816-00114999 rabinate have taken the view that a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00552-00115000-00115199 given converts lapse from orthodox
PWGjmNXQKXk-00553-00115200-00115399 jewish observance as evidence that he or
PWGjmNXQKXk-00554-00115400-00115558 she cannot even at the time of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00555-00115559-00115743 conversion have had the full intention
PWGjmNXQKXk-00556-00115744-00115919 to observe the commandments and that the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00557-00115920-00116071 conversion must therefore have been
PWGjmNXQKXk-00558-00116072-00116215 invalid
PWGjmNXQKXk-00559-00116216-00116399 a valid jewish court of sufficient
PWGjmNXQKXk-00560-00116400-00116590 stature has the ability to revoke a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00561-00116591-00116878 person's or a group's status as jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00562-00116879-00117078 this was done for the lost ten tribes of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00563-00117079-00117639 israel and the samaritans
PWGjmNXQKXk-00564-00117640-00118143 religious definitions
PWGjmNXQKXk-00565-00118144-00118663 topic halicake perspective
PWGjmNXQKXk-00566-00118664-00118839 according to the traditional rabbinic
PWGjmNXQKXk-00567-00118840-00119039 view which is maintained by all branches
PWGjmNXQKXk-00568-00119040-00119263 of orthodox judaism and conservative
PWGjmNXQKXk-00569-00119264-00119471 judaism and some branches of reform
PWGjmNXQKXk-00570-00119472-00119702 judaism only hallica can define who is
PWGjmNXQKXk-00571-00119703-00119886 or is not a jew when a question of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00572-00119888-00120119 jewish identity lineage or parentage
PWGjmNXQKXk-00573-00120120-00120271 arises about any person
PWGjmNXQKXk-00574-00120272-00120447 seeking to define themselves or claim
PWGjmNXQKXk-00575-00120448-00120631 that they are jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00576-00120632-00120799 as a result mere belief in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00577-00120800-00121007 principles of judaism does not make one
PWGjmNXQKXk-00578-00121008-00121134 a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00579-00121135-00121366 similarly non-adherence by a jew to the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00580-00121367-00121663 613 mitzvah or even formal conversion to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00581-00121664-00121758 another religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00582-00121759-00121919 does not make one lose one's jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00583-00121920-00122223 status thus the immediate descendants of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00584-00122224-00122471 all female jews even apostates are still
PWGjmNXQKXk-00585-00122472-00122663 considered to be jews as are those of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00586-00122664-00122871 all their female descendants
PWGjmNXQKXk-00587-00122872-00123047 even those descendants who are not aware
PWGjmNXQKXk-00588-00123048-00123247 they are jews or practice a religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00589-00123248-00123447 other than judaism are defined by this
PWGjmNXQKXk-00590-00123448-00123654 perspective as jews as long as they come
PWGjmNXQKXk-00591-00123655-00123934 from an unbroken female line of descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00592-00123935-00124158 as a corollary the children of a jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00593-00124159-00124358 father and a non-jewish mother are not
PWGjmNXQKXk-00594-00124359-00124566 considered to be jews by halika unless
PWGjmNXQKXk-00595-00124567-00124719 they formally convert according to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00596-00124720-00124783 halika
PWGjmNXQKXk-00597-00124783-00124951 even if raised fully observant in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00598-00124952-00125134 mitzvah those not born to a jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00599-00125135-00125334 mother may become accepted as jews by
PWGjmNXQKXk-00600-00125335-00125486 the orthodox and conservative
PWGjmNXQKXk-00601-00125488-00125678 communities through a formal process of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00602-00125679-00125927 conversion to judaism in order to become
PWGjmNXQKXk-00603-00125928-00126286 righteous converts gareth zedek hebrew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00604-00126288-00126527 griez in addition halika requires that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00605-00126528-00126695 the new convert commit himself to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00606-00126696-00126878 observance of its tenets this is called
PWGjmNXQKXk-00607-00126879-00127078 kabbalah o l mitzvah hebrew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00608-00127079-00127302 cult well acceptance of the yoke of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00609-00127303-00127471 commandments
PWGjmNXQKXk-00610-00127472-00127734 kabbalah mitzvah hebrew kuwalt mizwao is
PWGjmNXQKXk-00611-00127735-00127958 used by reform judaism in accordance
PWGjmNXQKXk-00612-00127959-00128175 with reform responsa and halika both
PWGjmNXQKXk-00613-00128176-00128399 haradi judaism and modern orthodox
PWGjmNXQKXk-00614-00128400-00128471 judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00615-00128472-00128686 accept a similar set of rules regarding
PWGjmNXQKXk-00616-00128688-00128863 jewish status based on classical
PWGjmNXQKXk-00617-00128864-00128975 rabbinic judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00618-00128976-00129175 including both matrilineal descent and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00619-00129176-00129334 requirements that conversions be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00620-00129335-00129551 performed by orthodox rabbis and that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00621-00129552-00129734 converts promise to strictly observe
PWGjmNXQKXk-00622-00129735-00129943 elements of traditional judaism such as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00623-00129944-00130102 shabbat and mitta
PWGjmNXQKXk-00624-00130103-00130310 however their application of these rules
PWGjmNXQKXk-00625-00130311-00130463 have been different and the difference
PWGjmNXQKXk-00626-00130464-00130710 has been increasing in recent years
PWGjmNXQKXk-00627-00130711-00130910 modern orthodox authorities have been
PWGjmNXQKXk-00628-00130911-00131119 more inclined to rule in favor of jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00629-00131120-00131359 status and to accept non-orthodox jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00630-00131360-00131590 word in doubtful cases involving people
PWGjmNXQKXk-00631-00131591-00131766 claiming to be jews while harity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00632-00131767-00131959 authorities have in recent years tended
PWGjmNXQKXk-00633-00131960-00132190 to presume non-jewish status and require
PWGjmNXQKXk-00634-00132191-00132375 more stringent rules and standards of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00635-00132376-00132575 evidence in order for jewish status to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00636-00132576-00132759 be proven and have tended to distrust
PWGjmNXQKXk-00637-00132760-00132911 the evidence of jews who are not
PWGjmNXQKXk-00638-00132912-00133254 personally orthodoxy rabbis have tended
PWGjmNXQKXk-00639-00133255-00133447 to look at a converts current personal
PWGjmNXQKXk-00640-00133448-00133647 observance and to regard deficiencies or
PWGjmNXQKXk-00641-00133648-00133863 lack of orthodoxy in current observance
PWGjmNXQKXk-00642-00133864-00134031 as evidence that the convert never
PWGjmNXQKXk-00643-00134032-00134247 intended to validly convert
PWGjmNXQKXk-00644-00134248-00134471 in addition the contemporary situation
PWGjmNXQKXk-00645-00134472-00134671 is further complicated by the fact that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00646-00134672-00134895 some hardy rabbis no longer regard some
PWGjmNXQKXk-00647-00134896-00135583 modern orthodox rabbis as reliable
PWGjmNXQKXk-00648-00135584-00136047 karaiti judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00649-00136048-00136247 unlike the denominations of rabbinical
PWGjmNXQKXk-00650-00136248-00136502 judaism khariti judaism maintains that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00651-00136503-00136711 it is the responsibility of each jew to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00652-00136712-00136935 study the tanakh for themselves
PWGjmNXQKXk-00653-00136936-00137111 the talmud and oral law are not
PWGjmNXQKXk-00654-00137112-00137302 considered canonical and rabbinical
PWGjmNXQKXk-00655-00137303-00137439 opinions are not considered
PWGjmNXQKXk-00656-00137440-00137590 authoritative either but every
PWGjmNXQKXk-00657-00137591-00137775 interpretation is held up to the same
PWGjmNXQKXk-00658-00137776-00137839 scrutiny
PWGjmNXQKXk-00659-00137840-00138159 regardless of its source charity judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00660-00138160-00138343 relies on the tanakh to indicate that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00661-00138344-00138502 jewishness is passed down through the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00662-00138503-00138599 paternal line
PWGjmNXQKXk-00663-00138600-00138783 not the maternal line as is maintained
PWGjmNXQKXk-00664-00138784-00138999 by orthodox judaism though a minority
PWGjmNXQKXk-00665-00139000-00139278 hold that both parents need to be jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00666-00139279-00139519 karaiti jews are eligible for aliyah
PWGjmNXQKXk-00667-00139520-00139663 under the law of return
PWGjmNXQKXk-00668-00139664-00139902 the eligibility of converts to judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00669-00139903-00140047 through the karate movement to make
PWGjmNXQKXk-00670-00140048-00140263 aliyah under the law of return has not
PWGjmNXQKXk-00671-00140264-00140854 yet been addressed in israeli courts
PWGjmNXQKXk-00672-00140855-00141311 reform judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00673-00141312-00141559 reform judaism recognizes a child as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00674-00141560-00141775 being jewish if either parent is jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00675-00141776-00142023 and the child is being raised jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00676-00142024-00142214 voices within the reform movement say
PWGjmNXQKXk-00677-00142215-00142343 that the law which changed to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00678-00142344-00142583 matriarchal around 2000 years ago
PWGjmNXQKXk-00679-00142584-00142759 originally in the torah the offspring
PWGjmNXQKXk-00680-00142760-00142966 was determined by patriarchal descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-00681-00142967-00142999 and was
PWGjmNXQKXk-00682-00143000-00143199 based on the tragic circumstances the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00683-00143200-00143383 jewish people were facing was once
PWGjmNXQKXk-00684-00143384-00143607 helpful but is no longer relevant modern
PWGjmNXQKXk-00685-00143608-00143807 progressive jewish denominations have a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00686-00143808-00143975 conversion process based on their
PWGjmNXQKXk-00687-00143976-00144111 principles
PWGjmNXQKXk-00688-00144112-00144359 in the u.s an official reform resolution
PWGjmNXQKXk-00689-00144360-00144631 in 1893 abolished circumcision as a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00690-00144632-00144847 requirement for converts and reform does
PWGjmNXQKXk-00691-00144848-00145047 not require converts to have tevula
PWGjmNXQKXk-00692-00145048-00145207 ritual immersion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00693-00145208-00145519 a prospective convert declares orally
PWGjmNXQKXk-00694-00145520-00145607 and in writing
PWGjmNXQKXk-00695-00145608-00145831 in the presence of a rabbi and no less
PWGjmNXQKXk-00696-00145832-00146063 than two lay leaders of the congregation
PWGjmNXQKXk-00697-00146064-00146287 and community acceptance of the jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00698-00146288-00146478 religion and the intention to live in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00699-00146479-00147087 accordance with its mitzvah
PWGjmNXQKXk-00700-00147088-00147495 controversies
PWGjmNXQKXk-00701-00147496-00147735 the controversy in determining who is a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00702-00147736-00147823 jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00703-00147824-00148159 concerns four basic issues one issue
PWGjmNXQKXk-00704-00148160-00148383 arises because north american reform and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00705-00148384-00148590 uk liberal movements have changed some
PWGjmNXQKXk-00706-00148591-00148799 of the hallick requirements for a jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00707-00148800-00149023 identity in two ways
PWGjmNXQKXk-00708-00149024-00149239 a children born of just one jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00709-00149240-00149431 parent regardless of whether the father
PWGjmNXQKXk-00710-00149432-00149614 or mother is jewish can claim a jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00711-00149615-00149743 identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00712-00149744-00149951 a child of only one jewish parent who
PWGjmNXQKXk-00713-00149952-00150126 does not claim this identity has
PWGjmNXQKXk-00714-00150127-00150287 in the eyes of the reform movement
PWGjmNXQKXk-00715-00150288-00150535 forfeited his her jewish identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00716-00150536-00150790 by contrast the hallick view is that any
PWGjmNXQKXk-00717-00150791-00151007 child born to a jewish mother is jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00718-00151008-00151199 whether or not he she is raised jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00719-00151200-00151366 or even whether the mother considers
PWGjmNXQKXk-00720-00151367-00151519 herself jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00721-00151520-00151735 as an example the children of madeleine
PWGjmNXQKXk-00722-00151736-00151935 albright who was raised catholic and was
PWGjmNXQKXk-00723-00151936-00152119 unaware of her jewish heritage would all
PWGjmNXQKXk-00724-00152120-00152302 be jewish according to halika since
PWGjmNXQKXk-00725-00152303-00152454 their mother's traceable female
PWGjmNXQKXk-00726-00152455-00152663 ancestors were all jewish and all three
PWGjmNXQKXk-00727-00152664-00152863 of her children were female
PWGjmNXQKXk-00728-00152864-00153039 however this is not the belief of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00729-00153040-00153271 progressive judaism which views jews who
PWGjmNXQKXk-00730-00153272-00153439 convert to or are raised in another
PWGjmNXQKXk-00731-00153440-00153663 religion as non-jews be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00732-00153664-00153854 the requirement of brit milla has been
PWGjmNXQKXk-00733-00153855-00154078 relaxed as has the requirement of ritual
PWGjmNXQKXk-00734-00154079-00154231 immersion while the conservative
PWGjmNXQKXk-00735-00154232-00154407 movement permits conversion without
PWGjmNXQKXk-00736-00154408-00154575 circumcision in some cases
PWGjmNXQKXk-00737-00154576-00154807 most orthodox jews do not except in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00738-00154808-00154999 cases specifically exempted by the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00739-00155000-00155199 talmud such as one who has had three
PWGjmNXQKXk-00740-00155200-00155414 brothers die as a result of circumcision
PWGjmNXQKXk-00741-00155415-00155623 jewish children who are hemophiliacs are
PWGjmNXQKXk-00742-00155624-00155766 exempt from circumcision
PWGjmNXQKXk-00743-00155767-00156007 secondly orthodox judaism asserts that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00744-00156008-00156247 non-orthodox rabbis are not qualified to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00745-00156248-00156399 form a bait din
PWGjmNXQKXk-00746-00156400-00156631 this has led to non-orthodox conversions
PWGjmNXQKXk-00747-00156632-00156883 generally being unaccepted in orthodox
PWGjmNXQKXk-00748-00156884-00157143 communities since orthodox judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00749-00157144-00157335 maintains the traditional standards for
PWGjmNXQKXk-00750-00157336-00157407 conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00751-00157408-00157551 in which the commitment to observe
PWGjmNXQKXk-00752-00157552-00157766 halica is required non-orthodox
PWGjmNXQKXk-00753-00157767-00157966 conversions are generally not accepted
PWGjmNXQKXk-00754-00157967-00158151 in orthodox communities because the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00755-00158152-00158319 non-orthodox movements perform
PWGjmNXQKXk-00756-00158320-00158495 conversions in which the new convert
PWGjmNXQKXk-00757-00158496-00158702 does not undertake to observe halika as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00758-00158703-00158975 understood by orthodox judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00759-00158976-00159207 a third controversy concerns persons
PWGjmNXQKXk-00760-00159208-00159447 whether born jews or converts to judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00761-00159448-00159678 who have converted to another religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00762-00159679-00159878 the traditional view as such persons
PWGjmNXQKXk-00763-00159879-00159999 remain jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00764-00160000-00160239 reform judaism regards such people as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00765-00160240-00160487 apostates and states regarding messianic
PWGjmNXQKXk-00766-00160488-00160559 jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00767-00160560-00160807 messianic jews claim that they are jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00768-00160808-00160951 but we must asked sikh
PWGjmNXQKXk-00769-00160952-00161166 ourselves whether we identify them as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00770-00161167-00161295 jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00771-00161296-00161535 we cannot do so as they consider jesus
PWGjmNXQKXk-00772-00161536-00161743 of nazareth as the messiah who has
PWGjmNXQKXk-00773-00161744-00162031 fulfilled the messianic promises
PWGjmNXQKXk-00774-00162032-00162247 in this way they have clearly placed
PWGjmNXQKXk-00775-00162248-00162478 themselves within christianity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00776-00162479-00162654 they may be somewhat different from
PWGjmNXQKXk-00777-00162655-00162823 other christians as they follow
PWGjmNXQKXk-00778-00162824-00163078 various jewish rites and ceremonials but
PWGjmNXQKXk-00779-00163079-00163351 that does not make them jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00780-00163352-00163566 regardless such people do not count as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00781-00163567-00163751 jewish for the purposes of the israeli
PWGjmNXQKXk-00782-00163752-00163951 citizenship laws
PWGjmNXQKXk-00783-00163952-00164143 a fourth controversy stems from the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00784-00164144-00164319 manner in which the chief rabonate of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00785-00164320-00164502 israel has been handling marriage and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00786-00164503-00164775 conversion decisions in recent years
PWGjmNXQKXk-00787-00164776-00164990 conversions and marriages within israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-00788-00164991-00165183 are legally controlled by the orthodox
PWGjmNXQKXk-00789-00165184-00165383 israeli chief rabbinate therefore
PWGjmNXQKXk-00790-00165384-00165566 a person not proven to be a jew to the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00791-00165567-00165783 rabbinate satisfaction is not legally
PWGjmNXQKXk-00792-00165784-00166063 permitted to marry a jew in israel today
PWGjmNXQKXk-00793-00166064-00166263 although the rabonate has always refused
PWGjmNXQKXk-00794-00166264-00166478 to accept non-orthodox conversions
PWGjmNXQKXk-00795-00166479-00166663 until recent years it was more willing
PWGjmNXQKXk-00796-00166664-00166838 to accept the jewish parentage of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00797-00166839-00167054 applicants based on personal testimony
PWGjmNXQKXk-00798-00167055-00167247 and the validity of conversions based on
PWGjmNXQKXk-00799-00167248-00167526 the testimony of orthodox rabbis
PWGjmNXQKXk-00800-00167527-00167743 however in recent years the rabonate
PWGjmNXQKXk-00801-00167744-00167935 whose rabbis historically had a more
PWGjmNXQKXk-00802-00167936-00168119 modern orthodox orientation
PWGjmNXQKXk-00803-00168120-00168302 has increasingly been filled by the more
PWGjmNXQKXk-00804-00168303-00168478 stringent harity camp
PWGjmNXQKXk-00805-00168479-00168663 it has increasingly been inclined to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00806-00168664-00168847 presume that applicants are not jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00807-00168848-00169063 until proven otherwise and require more
PWGjmNXQKXk-00808-00169064-00169247 stringent standards of proof than in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00809-00169248-00169359 past
PWGjmNXQKXk-00810-00169360-00169566 it has implemented a policy of refusing
PWGjmNXQKXk-00811-00169567-00169814 to accept the testimony of non-orthodox
PWGjmNXQKXk-00812-00169815-00170023 jews in matters of jewish status on
PWGjmNXQKXk-00813-00170024-00170207 grounds that such testimony is not
PWGjmNXQKXk-00814-00170208-00170326 reliable
PWGjmNXQKXk-00815-00170327-00170551 it also has been increasingly skeptical
PWGjmNXQKXk-00816-00170552-00170783 of the reliability of orthodox rabbis
PWGjmNXQKXk-00817-00170784-00170999 ordained by institutions not subject
PWGjmNXQKXk-00818-00171000-00171199 to its accreditation particularly in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00819-00171200-00171375 matters of conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00820-00171376-00171631 accordingly non-orthodox jews born to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00821-00171632-00171831 jewish parents and some jews converted
PWGjmNXQKXk-00822-00171832-00171975 by orthodox rabbis
PWGjmNXQKXk-00823-00171976-00172151 have been increasingly unable to prove
PWGjmNXQKXk-00824-00172152-00172295 their jewishness to the rabbinate
PWGjmNXQKXk-00825-00172296-00172495 satisfaction because they are unable to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00826-00172496-00172702 find an orthodox rabbi who is both
PWGjmNXQKXk-00827-00172703-00172902 acceptable to the rabbinate and familiar
PWGjmNXQKXk-00828-00172903-00173038 with and willing to vouch for the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00829-00173039-00173231 jewishness of their maternal lineage or
PWGjmNXQKXk-00830-00173232-00173399 the validity of their conversion there
PWGjmNXQKXk-00831-00173400-00173566 have been several attempts to convene
PWGjmNXQKXk-00832-00173567-00173735 representatives of the three major
PWGjmNXQKXk-00833-00173736-00173799 movements to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00834-00173800-00173990 formulate a practical solution to this
PWGjmNXQKXk-00835-00173991-00174247 issue to date these have failed though
PWGjmNXQKXk-00836-00174248-00174414 all parties concede the importance of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00837-00174415-00174599 the issue as greater than any sense of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00838-00174600-00175111 rivalry among them
PWGjmNXQKXk-00839-00175112-00175590 ethnic definitions
PWGjmNXQKXk-00840-00175591-00175814 ethnic jew is a term generally used to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00841-00175815-00176031 describe a person of jewish parentage
PWGjmNXQKXk-00842-00176032-00176238 and background who does not necessarily
PWGjmNXQKXk-00843-00176239-00176447 actively practice judaism but still
PWGjmNXQKXk-00844-00176448-00176687 identifies with judaism or other jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00845-00176688-00176831 culturally or fraternally
PWGjmNXQKXk-00846-00176832-00177166 or both the term ethnic jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00847-00177167-00177390 does not specifically exclude practicing
PWGjmNXQKXk-00848-00177391-00177559 jews but they are usually simply
PWGjmNXQKXk-00849-00177560-00177678 referred to as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00850-00177679-00177975 jews without the qualifying adjective
PWGjmNXQKXk-00851-00177976-00178078 ethnic
PWGjmNXQKXk-00852-00178079-00178287 the term can refer to people of diverse
PWGjmNXQKXk-00853-00178288-00178438 beliefs and backgrounds because
PWGjmNXQKXk-00854-00178439-00178695 genealogy largely defines who is
PWGjmNXQKXk-00855-00178696-00179023 jewish ethnic jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00856-00179024-00179190 is sometimes used to distinguish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00857-00179191-00179414 non-practicing from practicing religious
PWGjmNXQKXk-00858-00179415-00179775 jews other terms include non-observant
PWGjmNXQKXk-00859-00179776-00179887 jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00860-00179888-00180295 non-religious jew non-practicing jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00861-00180296-00180599 and secular jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00862-00180600-00180814 the term may also refer to jews who do
PWGjmNXQKXk-00863-00180815-00181087 not practice the religion of judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00864-00181088-00181295 typically ethnic jews are cognizant of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00865-00181296-00181423 their jewish background
PWGjmNXQKXk-00866-00181424-00181638 and may feel strong cultural even if not
PWGjmNXQKXk-00867-00181639-00181854 religious ties to jewish traditions and
PWGjmNXQKXk-00868-00181855-00182078 to the jewish people or nation
PWGjmNXQKXk-00869-00182079-00182271 like people of any other ethnicity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00870-00182272-00182463 non-religious ethnic jews often
PWGjmNXQKXk-00871-00182464-00182678 assimilate into a surrounding non-jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00872-00182679-00182895 culture but especially in areas where
PWGjmNXQKXk-00873-00182896-00183095 there is a strong local jewish culture
PWGjmNXQKXk-00874-00183096-00183254 they may remain largely part of that
PWGjmNXQKXk-00875-00183255-00183454 culture instead
PWGjmNXQKXk-00876-00183455-00183795 ethnic jews include atheists agnostics
PWGjmNXQKXk-00877-00183796-00183959 non-denominational deists
PWGjmNXQKXk-00878-00183960-00184166 jews with only casual connections to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00879-00184167-00184375 jewish denominations or converts to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00880-00184376-00184463 other religions
PWGjmNXQKXk-00881-00184464-00184783 such as christianity buddhism or islam
PWGjmNXQKXk-00882-00184784-00184999 religious jews of all denominations
PWGjmNXQKXk-00883-00185000-00185166 sometimes engage in outreach to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00884-00185167-00185407 non-religious ethnic jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00885-00185408-00185543 in the case of some hasidic
PWGjmNXQKXk-00886-00185544-00185735 denominations e.g
PWGjmNXQKXk-00887-00185736-00185975 chabad lubovich this outreach extends to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00888-00185976-00186543 actively proselytizing more secular jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00889-00186544-00187038 topic public opinion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00890-00187039-00187311 the 2013 pew research study of american
PWGjmNXQKXk-00891-00187312-00187502 jews found that 62
PWGjmNXQKXk-00892-00187503-00187678 thought that being jewish was mainly a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00893-00187679-00187854 matter of ancestry and culture
PWGjmNXQKXk-00894-00187855-00188078 while 15 thought that it was mainly a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00895-00188079-00188238 matter of religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-00896-00188239-00188414 of those who stated themselves to be
PWGjmNXQKXk-00897-00188415-00188631 jews by religion 55
PWGjmNXQKXk-00898-00188632-00188807 thought that being jewish was mainly a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00899-00188808-00189007 matter of ancestry and culture while
PWGjmNXQKXk-00900-00189008-00189143 two-thirds thought that it was not
PWGjmNXQKXk-00901-00189144-00189207 necessary
PWGjmNXQKXk-00902-00189208-00189759 to believe in god to be jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00903-00189760-00190287 historical european definitions
PWGjmNXQKXk-00904-00190288-00190495 the traditional european definition of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00905-00190496-00190695 jewishness although it was not uniform
PWGjmNXQKXk-00906-00190696-00190887 across europe defined a jew as one
PWGjmNXQKXk-00907-00190888-00190999 belonging to the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00908-00191000-00191295 mosaic faith that is a jew was someone
PWGjmNXQKXk-00909-00191296-00191447 who practiced judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00910-00191448-00191654 the definition gradually changed in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00911-00191655-00191863 beginning of the 20th century due to the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00912-00191864-00192143 emergence of racial ideology
PWGjmNXQKXk-00913-00192144-00192359 the european definition is traditional
PWGjmNXQKXk-00914-00192360-00192566 in many respects and reflects not only
PWGjmNXQKXk-00915-00192567-00192807 how the europeans saw jews but also how
PWGjmNXQKXk-00916-00192808-00193023 jews saw themselves
PWGjmNXQKXk-00917-00193024-00193335 in the former soviet union jewish was a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00918-00193336-00193535 nationality by law as with other
PWGjmNXQKXk-00919-00193536-00193711 nationalities such as russians
PWGjmNXQKXk-00920-00193712-00193799 ukrainians
PWGjmNXQKXk-00921-00193800-00194047 georgians and others there were certain
PWGjmNXQKXk-00922-00194048-00194231 restrictions on their civil liberties in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00923-00194232-00194807 the early years of the soviet union
PWGjmNXQKXk-00924-00194808-00195231 genealogy
PWGjmNXQKXk-00925-00195232-00195487 the modern genealogical dna test of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00926-00195488-00195702 ethnicity is certainly a non-religious
PWGjmNXQKXk-00927-00195703-00195854 definition of who is a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00928-00195855-00196031 as increasing numbers of persons
PWGjmNXQKXk-00929-00196032-00196238 discover their biological and cultural
PWGjmNXQKXk-00930-00196239-00196399 origins outside the traditional
PWGjmNXQKXk-00931-00196400-00196550 religious setting
PWGjmNXQKXk-00932-00196551-00196759 the top two jewish haplogroups for the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00933-00196760-00196871 priestly families
PWGjmNXQKXk-00934-00196872-00197326 haplogroup jm267 and haplogroup em-215
PWGjmNXQKXk-00935-00197327-00197590 ydna have genetic origins in the vast
PWGjmNXQKXk-00936-00197591-00197719 arabian peninsula
PWGjmNXQKXk-00937-00197720-00197943 egypt the horn of africa and the levant
PWGjmNXQKXk-00938-00197944-00198150 which indicates a more complex cultural
PWGjmNXQKXk-00939-00198151-00198847 genesis and potential identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-00940-00198848-00199326 half jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00941-00199327-00199526 in the united states and europe because
PWGjmNXQKXk-00942-00199527-00199735 of intermarriage the population of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00943-00199736-00200007 half jews is beginning to rival that of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00944-00200008-00200235 jews with two jewish parents
PWGjmNXQKXk-00945-00200236-00200559 self-identified half-jews consider the
PWGjmNXQKXk-00946-00200560-00200790 term a familial category which reflects
PWGjmNXQKXk-00947-00200791-00201014 multiple heritages and possible jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00948-00201015-00201278 cultural or spiritual practices
PWGjmNXQKXk-00949-00201279-00201471 other similar terms that have been used
PWGjmNXQKXk-00950-00201472-00201687 include part jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00951-00201688-00202007 and partial jews the term
PWGjmNXQKXk-00952-00202008-00202343 gershom gershomy or
PWGjmNXQKXk-00953-00202344-00202623 beta gershom has also been used as an
PWGjmNXQKXk-00954-00202624-00202735 alternative to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00955-00202736-00203071 half jewish and part jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00956-00203072-00203231 in connection with descendants of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00957-00203232-00203431 intermarriage gershom being the son of
PWGjmNXQKXk-00958-00203432-00203702 moses and his midianite wife zipporah
PWGjmNXQKXk-00959-00203703-00203902 the term typically has no religious
PWGjmNXQKXk-00960-00203903-00204102 meaning as terms like jewish christian
PWGjmNXQKXk-00961-00204103-00204750 do but rather describes ethnic jewry
PWGjmNXQKXk-00962-00204751-00205294 other non-religious definitions
PWGjmNXQKXk-00963-00205296-00205519 the society for humanistic judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-00964-00205519-00205662 defines a jew as
PWGjmNXQKXk-00965-00205663-00205910 someone who identifies with the history
PWGjmNXQKXk-00966-00205911-00206214 culture and fate of the jewish people
PWGjmNXQKXk-00967-00206215-00206414 in their view it is therefore possible
PWGjmNXQKXk-00968-00206415-00206638 for a non-religious individual to adopt
PWGjmNXQKXk-00969-00206639-00206846 judaism and join a humanistic jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-00970-00206848-00207014 community and for the society for
PWGjmNXQKXk-00971-00207015-00207238 humanistic judaism to adopt the person
PWGjmNXQKXk-00972-00207239-00207398 wanting to be part of the humanistic
PWGjmNXQKXk-00973-00207400-00207551 jewish family
PWGjmNXQKXk-00974-00207552-00207855 as israeli author amos oz puts it a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00975-00207856-00208086 is anyone who chooses or is compelled to
PWGjmNXQKXk-00976-00208087-00208406 share a common fate with other jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-00977-00208407-00208575 oz summed up his position more
PWGjmNXQKXk-00978-00208576-00208775 succinctly in a monologue published in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00979-00208776-00208831 tikken
PWGjmNXQKXk-00980-00208832-00209127 saying who is a jew everyone who is mad
PWGjmNXQKXk-00981-00209128-00209390 enough to call himself or herself a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00982-00209391-00209894 is a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-00983-00209896-00210487 topic legal structure in israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-00984-00210488-00210710 israel has no single document called a
PWGjmNXQKXk-00985-00210711-00210798 constitution
PWGjmNXQKXk-00986-00210800-00211023 the basic laws of israel function as an
PWGjmNXQKXk-00987-00211023-00211231 uncodified constitution however
PWGjmNXQKXk-00988-00211232-00211503 the definition of who is a jew has
PWGjmNXQKXk-00989-00211504-00211558 become an
PWGjmNXQKXk-00990-00211559-00211782 important issue in israeli politics due
PWGjmNXQKXk-00991-00211783-00211967 to the involvement of religious parties
PWGjmNXQKXk-00992-00211967-00212134 in the knesset
PWGjmNXQKXk-00993-00212135-00212342 the issue of who is considered a jew has
PWGjmNXQKXk-00994-00212344-00212542 given rise to legal controversy in
PWGjmNXQKXk-00995-00212544-00212655 israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-00996-00212656-00212846 there have been court cases in israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-00997-00212848-00213006 since 1962.
PWGjmNXQKXk-00998-00213007-00213534 that have addressed the question
PWGjmNXQKXk-00999-00213535-00213982 judaism test
PWGjmNXQKXk-01000-00213983-00214223 as of 2010 anyone who immigrated to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01001-00214223-00214487 israel after 1990 and wishes to marry or
PWGjmNXQKXk-01002-00214488-00214679 divorce via the jewish tradition within
PWGjmNXQKXk-01003-00214680-00214871 the state limits must go through a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01004-00214871-00215182 judaism test at an orthodox rabbinical
PWGjmNXQKXk-01005-00215183-00215246 court
PWGjmNXQKXk-01006-00215248-00215431 in this test a person would need to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01007-00215432-00215591 prove their claim to be jewish to an
PWGjmNXQKXk-01008-00215592-00215855 investigator beyond a reasonable doubt
PWGjmNXQKXk-01009-00215856-00216015 they would need to present original
PWGjmNXQKXk-01010-00216016-00216223 documentation of their matraline up to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01011-00216223-00216439 their great-grandmother four generations
PWGjmNXQKXk-01012-00216440-00216663 or in the case of ethiopian jews seven
PWGjmNXQKXk-01013-00216664-00216839 generations back
PWGjmNXQKXk-01014-00216840-00216991 in addition they should provide
PWGjmNXQKXk-01015-00216992-00217198 government documents with nationality
PWGjmNXQKXk-01016-00217200-00217446 religion shown as jewish eg birth death
PWGjmNXQKXk-01017-00217448-00217782 certificates marriage documents etc
PWGjmNXQKXk-01018-00217783-00217967 in the case of people whose original
PWGjmNXQKXk-01019-00217967-00218142 documents have been lost or never
PWGjmNXQKXk-01020-00218144-00218206 existed
PWGjmNXQKXk-01021-00218207-00218367 it may take a lot of work to prove
PWGjmNXQKXk-01022-00218367-00218631 they're being jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01023-00218632-00218846 the court rulings are not final and any
PWGjmNXQKXk-01024-00218848-00219023 clerk has the power to question them
PWGjmNXQKXk-01025-00219023-00219167 even 20 years later
PWGjmNXQKXk-01026-00219167-00219415 changing one's citizenship status to on
PWGjmNXQKXk-01027-00219416-00219503 hold
PWGjmNXQKXk-01028-00219504-00219646 and putting them in jeopardy of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01029-00219648-00219871 deportation the two biggest communities
PWGjmNXQKXk-01030-00219871-00219998 suffering from this problem
PWGjmNXQKXk-01031-00220000-00220271 are immigrants from the former soviet
PWGjmNXQKXk-01032-00220271-00220319 union
PWGjmNXQKXk-01033-00220319-00220639 fsu a study conducted between 2003 and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01034-00220640-00220879 2005 showed that 83
PWGjmNXQKXk-01035-00220880-00221079 of people from the fsu who started the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01036-00221080-00221287 judaism test process successfully
PWGjmNXQKXk-01037-00221288-00221406 finished it
PWGjmNXQKXk-01038-00221407-00221646 an estimated 10 percent left the process
PWGjmNXQKXk-01039-00221648-00221775 before completion
PWGjmNXQKXk-01040-00221776-00222119 in a later study in 2011 a 90 success
PWGjmNXQKXk-01041-00222119-00222327 rate was achieved in the fsu immigrant
PWGjmNXQKXk-01042-00222328-00222455 community
PWGjmNXQKXk-01043-00222456-00222671 many jews in the former soviet union
PWGjmNXQKXk-01044-00222671-00222903 took steps to hide their jewishness
PWGjmNXQKXk-01045-00222904-00223151 besides post-soviet copies of documents
PWGjmNXQKXk-01046-00223152-00223334 are suspected by the tribunal after
PWGjmNXQKXk-01047-00223335-00223494 widespread falsification
PWGjmNXQKXk-01048-00223496-00223679 and the archived originals are difficult
PWGjmNXQKXk-01049-00223680-00223951 to access for genealogists
PWGjmNXQKXk-01050-00223952-00224142 immigrants from the united states where
PWGjmNXQKXk-01051-00224144-00224327 government documents generally do not
PWGjmNXQKXk-01052-00224328-00224919 show religion or jewish ethnicity
PWGjmNXQKXk-01053-00224919-00225342 law of return
PWGjmNXQKXk-01054-00225344-00225510 following the birth of the modern state
PWGjmNXQKXk-01055-00225511-00225806 of israel in 1948 the law of return was
PWGjmNXQKXk-01056-00225807-00226039 enacted in 1950 to give any jew the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01057-00226040-00226231 right to immigrate to israel and become
PWGjmNXQKXk-01058-00226232-00226358 a citizen
PWGjmNXQKXk-01059-00226359-00226542 however due to an inability on the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01060-00226544-00226727 lawmakers to agree the law did not
PWGjmNXQKXk-01061-00226728-00226942 define who was a jew relying instead on
PWGjmNXQKXk-01062-00226944-00227215 the issue to resolve itself over time
PWGjmNXQKXk-01063-00227216-00227439 as a result the law relied in form on
PWGjmNXQKXk-01064-00227440-00227679 the traditional halicake definition
PWGjmNXQKXk-01065-00227680-00227871 but the absence of a definition of who
PWGjmNXQKXk-01066-00227871-00228079 is a jew for the purpose of the law has
PWGjmNXQKXk-01067-00228080-00228263 resulted in the divergent views of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01068-00228264-00228479 various streams of judaism competing for
PWGjmNXQKXk-01069-00228480-00228639 recognition
PWGjmNXQKXk-01070-00228640-00228863 besides the generally accepted halachic
PWGjmNXQKXk-01071-00228864-00229015 definition of who is a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01072-00229016-00229198 the law extended the categories of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01073-00229200-00229406 person who are entitled to immigration
PWGjmNXQKXk-01074-00229407-00229575 and citizenship to the children and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01075-00229576-00229703 grandchildren of jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01076-00229704-00229871 regardless of their present religious
PWGjmNXQKXk-01077-00229871-00230110 affiliation and their spouses
PWGjmNXQKXk-01078-00230111-00230310 also converts to judaism whose
PWGjmNXQKXk-01079-00230311-00230487 conversion was performed outside the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01080-00230488-00230663 state of israel regardless of who
PWGjmNXQKXk-01081-00230664-00230727 performed it
PWGjmNXQKXk-01082-00230728-00230903 are entitled to immigration under the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01083-00230904-00231071 law once again
PWGjmNXQKXk-01084-00231071-00231271 issues arose as to whether a conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-01085-00231271-00231527 performed outside israel was valid
PWGjmNXQKXk-01086-00231528-00231719 the variation of the definition in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01087-00231719-00231927 law and the definition used by various
PWGjmNXQKXk-01088-00231928-00232142 branches of judaism has resulted in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01089-00232144-00232439 practical difficulties for many people
PWGjmNXQKXk-01090-00232440-00232639 it has been estimated that in the past
PWGjmNXQKXk-01091-00232640-00232942 20 years about 300 000 devoured non-jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01092-00232944-00233119 and even practicing christians have
PWGjmNXQKXk-01093-00233119-00233310 entered israel from the former soviet
PWGjmNXQKXk-01094-00233311-00233519 union on the basis of being a child or
PWGjmNXQKXk-01095-00233519-00233727 grandchild of a jew or by being married
PWGjmNXQKXk-01096-00233728-00233798 to a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01097-00233800-00233967 however there was an exception in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01098-00233967-00234134 case of a person who had formally
PWGjmNXQKXk-01099-00234135-00234319 converted to another religion derived
PWGjmNXQKXk-01100-00234319-00234639 from the rufuson case in 1962.
PWGjmNXQKXk-01101-00234640-00234823 such a person no matter what their
PWGjmNXQKXk-01102-00234823-00235031 halachic position was not entitled to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01103-00235032-00235223 immigration under the law
PWGjmNXQKXk-01104-00235223-00235398 this created a divergence between
PWGjmNXQKXk-01105-00235400-00235606 political zionist interpretation of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01106-00235607-00235823 jewishness and that of halakhah
PWGjmNXQKXk-01107-00235823-00236087 in the 1970 charlotte case the israeli
PWGjmNXQKXk-01108-00236088-00236319 supreme court ruled in favor of a family
PWGjmNXQKXk-01109-00236319-00236503 which sought to register children born
PWGjmNXQKXk-01110-00236504-00236687 in israel from a scottish mother as
PWGjmNXQKXk-01111-00236688-00236967 jewish by nationality but the 1972
PWGjmNXQKXk-01112-00236967-00237198 amendment to the population registry law
PWGjmNXQKXk-01113-00237200-00237367 prevented their third child being
PWGjmNXQKXk-01114-00237367-00237487 registered as jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01115-00237488-00237710 current israeli definitions specifically
PWGjmNXQKXk-01116-00237711-00237887 exclude jews who have openly and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01117-00237888-00238079 knowingly converted to or were raised in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01118-00238080-00238231 a faith other than judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-01119-00238232-00238487 including messianic judaism this
PWGjmNXQKXk-01120-00238488-00238679 definition is not the same as that in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01121-00238680-00238815 traditional jewish law
PWGjmNXQKXk-01122-00238816-00239006 in some respects it is deliberately
PWGjmNXQKXk-01123-00239007-00239231 wider so as to include those non-jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01124-00239232-00239391 relatives of jews who may have been
PWGjmNXQKXk-01125-00239392-00239582 perceived to be jewish and thus faced
PWGjmNXQKXk-01126-00239583-00239767 anti-semitism
PWGjmNXQKXk-01127-00239767-00239991 the law of return does not of itself
PWGjmNXQKXk-01128-00239992-00240215 define the jewish status of a person it
PWGjmNXQKXk-01129-00240216-00240367 only deals with those who have a right
PWGjmNXQKXk-01130-00240367-00240671 of immigration to israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01131-00240671-00240927 in the early 1950s the israeli chief
PWGjmNXQKXk-01132-00240928-00241119 rabinate originally objected to the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01133-00241119-00241367 immigration of kariti jews to israel and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01134-00241367-00241639 unsuccessfully tried to obstruct it in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01135-00241640-00241751 2007
PWGjmNXQKXk-01136-00241752-00242015 rabbi david hayam kilush the chief rabbi
PWGjmNXQKXk-01137-00242016-00242239 of natanya was quoted in the jerusalem
PWGjmNXQKXk-01138-00242240-00242342 post as saying
PWGjmNXQKXk-01139-00242344-00242655 a karaiti is a jew we accept them as
PWGjmNXQKXk-01140-00242656-00242871 jews and every one of them who wishes to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01141-00242871-00243087 come back to mainstream judaism we
PWGjmNXQKXk-01142-00243088-00243246 accept back
PWGjmNXQKXk-01143-00243248-00243446 there was once a question about whether
PWGjmNXQKXk-01144-00243448-00243663 karaitz needed to undergo a token
PWGjmNXQKXk-01145-00243664-00243855 circumcision in order to switch to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01146-00243856-00244110 rabbinic judaism but the rabonate agrees
PWGjmNXQKXk-01147-00244111-00244782 that today that is not necessary
PWGjmNXQKXk-01148-00244783-00245082 israeli laws governing marriage and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01149-00245083-00245382 divorce
PWGjmNXQKXk-01150-00245383-00245591 in relation to marriage divorce and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01151-00245592-00245791 burial which are under the jurisdiction
PWGjmNXQKXk-01152-00245792-00245975 of the israeli interior ministry
PWGjmNXQKXk-01153-00245976-00246182 the halal definition of who is a jew is
PWGjmNXQKXk-01154-00246183-00246294 applied
PWGjmNXQKXk-01155-00246296-00246479 when there is any doubt the israeli
PWGjmNXQKXk-01156-00246480-00246679 chief rabbinate generally determines the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01157-00246680-00246823 issue
PWGjmNXQKXk-01158-00246823-00247039 in terms of social relations most
PWGjmNXQKXk-01159-00247040-00247246 secular jews view their jewish identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-01160-00247248-00247446 as a matter of culture heritage
PWGjmNXQKXk-01161-00247448-00247758 nationality or ethnicity ancestral
PWGjmNXQKXk-01162-00247759-00247958 aspects can be explained by the many
PWGjmNXQKXk-01163-00247959-00248167 jews who view themselves as atheists and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01164-00248167-00248382 are defined by matrilineal descent or a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01165-00248383-00248430 cohen
PWGjmNXQKXk-01166-00248431-00248630 cohen or levi which is connected by
PWGjmNXQKXk-01167-00248631-00248767 ancestry
PWGjmNXQKXk-01168-00248767-00249055 the question of who is a jew is a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01169-00249056-00249239 question that is under debate
PWGjmNXQKXk-01170-00249240-00249463 issues related to ancestral or ethnic
PWGjmNXQKXk-01171-00249464-00249655 jews are dealt with by the israeli chief
PWGjmNXQKXk-01172-00249656-00249863 rabonate orthodox holy sheikh rules
PWGjmNXQKXk-01173-00249864-00250046 apply to converts who want to marry in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01174-00250048-00250167 israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01175-00250167-00250351 under these rules a conversion to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01176-00250352-00250582 judaism must strictly follow halashiik
PWGjmNXQKXk-01177-00250583-00250830 standards to be recognized as valid
PWGjmNXQKXk-01178-00250831-00251071 the rabonate even scrutinizes orthodox
PWGjmNXQKXk-01179-00251071-00251239 conversions with some who have converted
PWGjmNXQKXk-01180-00251240-00251471 by orthodox authorities outside israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01181-00251471-00251671 not being permitted to marry in israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01182-00251671-00251894 if one's ancestral line of jewishness is
PWGjmNXQKXk-01183-00251896-00252087 in doubt then a proper conversion would
PWGjmNXQKXk-01184-00252088-00252198 be required in order
PWGjmNXQKXk-01185-00252200-00252382 to be allowed to marry in the orthodox
PWGjmNXQKXk-01186-00252383-00252527 community or in israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01187-00252528-00253127 where such rules govern all marriages
PWGjmNXQKXk-01188-00253128-00253679 israeli definition of nationality
PWGjmNXQKXk-01189-00253680-00253903 the jewish status of a person in israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01190-00253904-00254055 is considered a matter of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01191-00254056-00254430 nationality in the registering of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01192-00254431-00254758 nationality on israeli identity cards
PWGjmNXQKXk-01193-00254759-00254934 which is administered by the ministry of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01194-00254935-00255015 the interior
PWGjmNXQKXk-01195-00255016-00255175 a person had to meet the halicake
PWGjmNXQKXk-01196-00255176-00255375 definition to be registered as a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01197-00255376-00255671 jiu however in a number of cases the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01198-00255671-00255863 supreme court of israel has ordered the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01199-00255864-00256094 ministry of interior to register reform
PWGjmNXQKXk-01200-00256096-00256351 and conservative converts as jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01201-00256352-00256527 the right of people who convert in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01202-00256528-00256758 diaspora under reform or conservative
PWGjmNXQKXk-01203-00256759-00256958 auspices to immigrate to israel and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01204-00256959-00257079 claim citizenship as
PWGjmNXQKXk-01205-00257080-00257327 jews is detailed in israeli law until
PWGjmNXQKXk-01206-00257328-00257382 recently
PWGjmNXQKXk-01207-00257383-00257623 israeli identity cards had an indication
PWGjmNXQKXk-01208-00257623-00257727 of nationality
PWGjmNXQKXk-01209-00257728-00257894 and the field was left empty for those
PWGjmNXQKXk-01210-00257896-00258087 who immigrated not solely on the basis
PWGjmNXQKXk-01211-00258088-00258215 of being jewish i.e
PWGjmNXQKXk-01212-00258216-00258463 as a child grandchild or spouse of a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01213-00258464-00258663 only to indicate that the person may not
PWGjmNXQKXk-01214-00258664-00258798 be a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01215-00258800-00258982 many israeli citizens who are not
PWGjmNXQKXk-01216-00258983-00259175 recognized by the rabbinate as jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01217-00259176-00259367 have been issued with israeli identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-01218-00259367-00259551 cards that do not include their hebrew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01219-00259552-00260055 calendar birth date
PWGjmNXQKXk-01220-00260056-00260494 outside israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01221-00260496-00260767 in 2010 the labor court of south africa
PWGjmNXQKXk-01222-00260767-00260942 addressed the question of who is a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01223-00260944-00261110 for the purposes of the employment
PWGjmNXQKXk-01224-00261111-00261182 equity act
PWGjmNXQKXk-01225-00261183-00261358 the question has also arisen in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01226-00261359-00261558 united kingdom where religious schools
PWGjmNXQKXk-01227-00261559-00261687 are allowed to select all
PWGjmNXQKXk-01228-00261688-00261863 or a proportion of their intake based
PWGjmNXQKXk-01229-00261864-00262006 upon religion
PWGjmNXQKXk-01230-00262007-00262367 a 2009 ruling r.e the governing body of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01231-00262368-00262447 jfs
PWGjmNXQKXk-01232-00262448-00262639 determined that the definition of jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01233-00262640-00262863 religion based upon dissent constituted
PWGjmNXQKXk-01234-00262864-00263047 discrimination on ethnic grounds
PWGjmNXQKXk-01235-00263048-00263206 and therefore contravened racial
PWGjmNXQKXk-01236-00263207-00263743 discrimination laws
PWGjmNXQKXk-01237-00263744-00264206 other definitions
PWGjmNXQKXk-01238-00264207-00264343 there have been other attempts to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01239-00264344-00264534 determine jewish identity beside the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01240-00264535-00264767 traditional jewish approaches
PWGjmNXQKXk-01241-00264768-00264975 these range from genetic population
PWGjmNXQKXk-01242-00264976-00265182 studies to controversial evolutionary
PWGjmNXQKXk-01243-00265183-00265399 perspectives including those espoused by
PWGjmNXQKXk-01244-00265400-00265687 kevin b mcdonald and yuri sleskine
PWGjmNXQKXk-01245-00265688-00265943 historians such as the late kamal salabi
PWGjmNXQKXk-01246-00265944-00266191 have utilized etymology and geography to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01247-00266192-00266391 reconstruct the prehistoric origin of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01248-00266392-00266543 the jewish people in the arabian
PWGjmNXQKXk-01249-00266544-00267006 peninsula
PWGjmNXQKXk-01250-00267007-00267543 sociology and anthropology
PWGjmNXQKXk-01251-00267544-00267775 as with any other ethnic identity jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01252-00267776-00267934 identity is to some degree
PWGjmNXQKXk-01253-00267935-00268087 a matter of either claiming that
PWGjmNXQKXk-01254-00268088-00268303 identity or being perceived by others
PWGjmNXQKXk-01255-00268304-00268519 both inside and outside the ethnic group
PWGjmNXQKXk-01256-00268520-00268767 as belonging to that group or both
PWGjmNXQKXk-01257-00268768-00268943 returning again to the example of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01258-00268944-00269127 madeleine albright during her catholic
PWGjmNXQKXk-01259-00269128-00269351 childhood her being in some sense jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01260-00269352-00269558 was presumably irrelevant
PWGjmNXQKXk-01261-00269559-00269758 it was only after she was nominated to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01262-00269759-00269934 be secretary of state that she
PWGjmNXQKXk-01263-00269935-00270103 and the public discovered her jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01264-00270104-00270263 ancestry
PWGjmNXQKXk-01265-00270264-00270463 edo abram states that there are five
PWGjmNXQKXk-01266-00270464-00270799 aspects to contemporary jewish identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-01267-00270800-00271127 religion culture and tradition the tie
PWGjmNXQKXk-01268-00271128-00271375 with israel and zionism
PWGjmNXQKXk-01269-00271376-00271591 dealings with anti-semitism including
PWGjmNXQKXk-01270-00271592-00271887 issues of persecution and survival
PWGjmNXQKXk-01271-00271888-00272199 personal history and life experience
PWGjmNXQKXk-01272-00272200-00272423 relationship with non-jewish culture and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01273-00272424-00272606 people the relative importance of these
PWGjmNXQKXk-01274-00272607-00272806 factors may vary enormously from place
PWGjmNXQKXk-01275-00272807-00272943 to place
PWGjmNXQKXk-01276-00272944-00273151 for example a typical dutch jew might
PWGjmNXQKXk-01277-00273152-00273351 describe his or her jewish identity
PWGjmNXQKXk-01278-00273352-00273439 simply as
PWGjmNXQKXk-01279-00273440-00273751 i was born jewish while a jew in romania
PWGjmNXQKXk-01280-00273752-00273982 where levels of anti-semitism are higher
PWGjmNXQKXk-01281-00273983-00274263 might say i consider any form of denying
PWGjmNXQKXk-01282-00274264-00274839 as a proof of cowardice
PWGjmNXQKXk-01283-00274840-00275263 the inquisition
PWGjmNXQKXk-01284-00275264-00275423 during the time of the spanish and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01285-00275424-00275630 portuguese inquisitions conversion to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01286-00275631-00275847 roman catholicism did not result in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01287-00275848-00276047 total termination of the person's jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01288-00276048-00276167 status
PWGjmNXQKXk-01289-00276168-00276343 legally the converts were no longer
PWGjmNXQKXk-01290-00276344-00276543 regarded as jews and thus allowed to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01291-00276544-00276775 stay in the iberian peninsula
PWGjmNXQKXk-01292-00276776-00276958 during the inquisition in spain and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01293-00276959-00277079 portugal however
PWGjmNXQKXk-01294-00277080-00277263 many jews were forced to convert but
PWGjmNXQKXk-01295-00277264-00277471 thereafter were regarded by many people
PWGjmNXQKXk-01296-00277472-00277615 though not in a legal form
PWGjmNXQKXk-01297-00277616-00277815 as new christians distinguishing them as
PWGjmNXQKXk-01298-00277816-00277967 separate from the old christians of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01299-00277968-00278151 non-jewish lineage
PWGjmNXQKXk-01300-00278152-00278367 since legal political religious and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01301-00278368-00278567 social pressure pushed many people to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01302-00278568-00278679 untrue conversions
PWGjmNXQKXk-01303-00278680-00278855 public behavior as christians while
PWGjmNXQKXk-01304-00278856-00279015 retaining some jewish beliefs and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01305-00279016-00279143 practices privately
PWGjmNXQKXk-01306-00279144-00279367 a kind of crypto judaism they were still
PWGjmNXQKXk-01307-00279368-00279543 treated with suspicion a stigma
PWGjmNXQKXk-01308-00279544-00279695 sometimes carried for several
PWGjmNXQKXk-01309-00279696-00279871 generations by their identifiable
PWGjmNXQKXk-01310-00279872-00280023 descendants
PWGjmNXQKXk-01311-00280024-00280295 the lumpiesa de sangre cleanliness of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01312-00280296-00280382 blood
PWGjmNXQKXk-01313-00280383-00280615 required public officials or candidates
PWGjmNXQKXk-01314-00280616-00280823 for membership of many organizations to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01315-00280824-00280943 prove that they did not have
PWGjmNXQKXk-01316-00280944-00281495 jewish or muslim ancestry
PWGjmNXQKXk-01317-00281496-00281967 secular philosophy
PWGjmNXQKXk-01318-00281968-00282199 jean-paul sartre who was not jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01319-00282200-00282406 suggested in anti-semite and jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01320-00282407-00282687 1948 that jewish identity is neither
PWGjmNXQKXk-01321-00282688-00282879 national nor international neither
PWGjmNXQKXk-01322-00282880-00283015 religious nor ethnic
PWGjmNXQKXk-01323-00283016-00283255 nor political it is a quasi-historical
PWGjmNXQKXk-01324-00283256-00283439 community
PWGjmNXQKXk-01325-00283440-00283719 quote while jews as individuals may be
PWGjmNXQKXk-01326-00283720-00283967 in danger from the anti-semite who sees
PWGjmNXQKXk-01327-00283968-00284119 only
PWGjmNXQKXk-01328-00284120-00284503 jews and not people sartra argues that
PWGjmNXQKXk-01329-00284504-00284575 the jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01330-00284576-00284879 experience of anti-semitism preserves
PWGjmNXQKXk-01331-00284880-00285119 even creates the sense of jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01332-00285120-00285263 community
PWGjmNXQKXk-01333-00285264-00285471 in his most extreme statement of this
PWGjmNXQKXk-01334-00285472-00285623 view he wrote
PWGjmNXQKXk-01335-00285624-00285823 it is the anti-semite who creates the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01336-00285824-00285975 jew conversely
PWGjmNXQKXk-01337-00285976-00286206 that sense of specific jewish community
PWGjmNXQKXk-01338-00286207-00286391 may be threatened by the democrat who
PWGjmNXQKXk-01339-00286392-00286575 sees only
PWGjmNXQKXk-01340-00286576-00286934 the person and not the jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01341-00286935-00287127 hannah aaron repeatedly asserted a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01342-00287128-00287343 principle of claiming jewish identity in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01343-00287344-00287510 the face of anti-semitism
PWGjmNXQKXk-01344-00287511-00287734 if one is attacked as a jew one must
PWGjmNXQKXk-01345-00287735-00287999 defend oneself as a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01346-00288000-00288263 not as a german not as a world citizen
PWGjmNXQKXk-01347-00288264-00288487 not as an upholder of the rights of man
PWGjmNXQKXk-01348-00288488-00288847 or whatever a man attacked as a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01349-00288848-00289087 cannot defend himself as an englishman
PWGjmNXQKXk-01350-00289088-00289247 or a frenchman
PWGjmNXQKXk-01351-00289248-00289454 the world can only conclude from this
PWGjmNXQKXk-01352-00289455-00289679 that he is simply not defending himself
PWGjmNXQKXk-01353-00289680-00289903 at all
PWGjmNXQKXk-01354-00289904-00290263 wade clark roof 1976 a sociologist at
PWGjmNXQKXk-01355-00290264-00290479 the university of california at santa
PWGjmNXQKXk-01356-00290480-00290703 barbara proposed that social sectors in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01357-00290704-00290782 modern life
PWGjmNXQKXk-01358-00290783-00290982 in which traditional symbols and rituals
PWGjmNXQKXk-01359-00290983-00291175 are meaningful provide an alternative
PWGjmNXQKXk-01360-00291176-00291375 approach for explaining the social basis
PWGjmNXQKXk-01361-00291376-00291599 of religion in a secular order in doing
PWGjmNXQKXk-01362-00291600-00291815 so he turned to the local community as a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01363-00291816-00292015 sphere in modern society that still
PWGjmNXQKXk-01364-00292016-00292103 persists
PWGjmNXQKXk-01365-00292104-00292351 as a complex system of friendship and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01366-00292352-00292471 kinship networks
PWGjmNXQKXk-01367-00292472-00292743 formal and informal associations as well
PWGjmNXQKXk-01368-00292744-00292919 as symbolic attachments
PWGjmNXQKXk-01369-00292920-00293134 very much rooted in family life and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01370-00293135-00293854 ongoing socialization processes
PWGjmNXQKXk-01371-00293855-00294351 anti-semitic definitions
PWGjmNXQKXk-01372-00294352-00294647 the question who is a jew is also
PWGjmNXQKXk-01373-00294648-00294887 sometimes of importance to non-jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01374-00294888-00295071 it has had exceptional significance
PWGjmNXQKXk-01375-00295072-00295230 historically when considered by
PWGjmNXQKXk-01376-00295231-00295415 anti-jewish groups for the purpose of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01377-00295416-00295599 targeting jews for persecution
PWGjmNXQKXk-01378-00295600-00295863 or discrimination the definition can
PWGjmNXQKXk-01379-00295864-00296047 impact on whether a person may have a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01380-00296048-00296127 certain job
PWGjmNXQKXk-01381-00296128-00296351 live in certain locations receive a free
PWGjmNXQKXk-01382-00296352-00296430 education
PWGjmNXQKXk-01383-00296431-00296606 live or continue to live in the country
PWGjmNXQKXk-01384-00296607-00297134 be imprisoned or executed
PWGjmNXQKXk-01385-00297135-00297510 nazism
PWGjmNXQKXk-01386-00297511-00297710 the question was of critical importance
PWGjmNXQKXk-01387-00297711-00297895 during the rule of the nazi party in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01388-00297896-00297951 germany
PWGjmNXQKXk-01389-00297952-00298143 which persecuted the jews and defined
PWGjmNXQKXk-01390-00298144-00298303 them for the government's purposes by
PWGjmNXQKXk-01391-00298304-00298487 the nuremberg laws
PWGjmNXQKXk-01392-00298488-00298743 in 2009 a united kingdom court
PWGjmNXQKXk-01393-00298744-00298903 considered whether the question was a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01394-00298904-00298999 racial issue
PWGjmNXQKXk-01395-00299000-00299239 in the case r.e the governing body of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01396-00299240-00299327 jfs
PWGjmNXQKXk-01397-00299328-00299623 2009. the nazi regime instituted laws
PWGjmNXQKXk-01398-00299624-00299734 discriminating against
PWGjmNXQKXk-01399-00299735-00299958 jews declared a race by the nazis and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01400-00299959-00300143 thus needed a working definition of who
PWGjmNXQKXk-01401-00300144-00300334 is a jew as to its law defined race
PWGjmNXQKXk-01402-00300335-00300447 system
PWGjmNXQKXk-01403-00300448-00300647 these definitions almost completely
PWGjmNXQKXk-01404-00300648-00300806 categorized persons through the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01405-00300807-00301006 religions followed by each individual's
PWGjmNXQKXk-01406-00301007-00301182 ancestors according to membership
PWGjmNXQKXk-01407-00301183-00301327 registries
PWGjmNXQKXk-01408-00301328-00301534 thus personal faith or individual
PWGjmNXQKXk-01409-00301535-00301710 observance as well as the religious
PWGjmNXQKXk-01410-00301711-00301919 definitions of judaism as given by the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01411-00301920-00302254 halacha were mostly ignored
PWGjmNXQKXk-01412-00302255-00302463 in germany itself the anan pass and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01413-00302464-00302679 nuremberg laws classified people as
PWGjmNXQKXk-01414-00302680-00302823 being of the jewish race if they
PWGjmNXQKXk-01415-00302824-00302975 descended from three or four
PWGjmNXQKXk-01416-00302976-00303134 grandparents enrolled in jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01417-00303135-00303287 congregations
PWGjmNXQKXk-01418-00303288-00303503 a person with one or two grandparents
PWGjmNXQKXk-01419-00303504-00303695 enrolled in a jewish congregation could
PWGjmNXQKXk-01420-00303696-00303927 be classified as michelin a crossbreed
PWGjmNXQKXk-01421-00303928-00303975 of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01422-00303976-00304215 mixed blood if they were not a member of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01423-00304216-00304399 a jewish congregation at the time the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01424-00304400-00304623 nuremberg laws were enacted
PWGjmNXQKXk-01425-00304624-00304799 only people with at least two of their
PWGjmNXQKXk-01426-00304800-00305047 grandparents of german blood
PWGjmNXQKXk-01427-00305048-00305247 could be german reichs citizens other
PWGjmNXQKXk-01428-00305248-00305391 germans dropped into the new
PWGjmNXQKXk-01429-00305392-00305575 second-class group of citizens the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01430-00305576-00305791 so-called state citizens
PWGjmNXQKXk-01431-00305792-00305982 if a person with grandparents of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01432-00305983-00306199 same religious combination was enrolled
PWGjmNXQKXk-01433-00306200-00306395 as a member of a jewish congregation in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01434-00306396-00306606 1935 or would join later
PWGjmNXQKXk-01435-00306607-00306775 they switched from the discriminatory
PWGjmNXQKXk-01436-00306776-00306967 class of michelin into that of geltung's
PWGjmNXQKXk-01437-00306968-00307023 jude
PWGjmNXQKXk-01438-00307024-00307295 jew by legal validity despite of not
PWGjmNXQKXk-01439-00307296-00307479 fulfilling the no less law defined
PWGjmNXQKXk-01440-00307480-00307687 discriminating criterion of descending
PWGjmNXQKXk-01441-00307688-00307967 from three or four jewish grandparents
PWGjmNXQKXk-01442-00307968-00308151 whereas every michelin could any time
PWGjmNXQKXk-01443-00308152-00308358 drop into the class of geltungsjude by
PWGjmNXQKXk-01444-00308359-00308534 joining a jewish congregation the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01445-00308535-00308710 nuremberg law is provided for the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01446-00308711-00308887 unchanged classification of any
PWGjmNXQKXk-01447-00308888-00309095 geltungsjude regardless if she or he
PWGjmNXQKXk-01448-00309096-00309295 tried to evade harm by seceding from the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01449-00309296-00309551 jewish congregation after 1935.
PWGjmNXQKXk-01450-00309552-00309751 considering such secessions as being of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01451-00309752-00309991 no effect as to the discrimination
PWGjmNXQKXk-01452-00309992-00310182 let alone people with three or four
PWGjmNXQKXk-01453-00310183-00310375 jewish grandparents who themselves could
PWGjmNXQKXk-01454-00310376-00310558 never alter their law-defined racial
PWGjmNXQKXk-01455-00310559-00310782 categorization as jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01456-00310783-00310943 any michelin with two jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01457-00310944-00311119 grandparents colloquially called a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01458-00311120-00311191 half-jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01459-00311192-00311479 marrying after 1935 anybody classified
PWGjmNXQKXk-01460-00311480-00311606 as jew would drop into the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01461-00311607-00311887 discriminatory class of geltungsjud
PWGjmNXQKXk-01462-00311888-00312079 michling with one jewish grandparent
PWGjmNXQKXk-01463-00312080-00312287 were usually forbidden to marry anybody
PWGjmNXQKXk-01464-00312288-00312495 with any jewish grandparent
PWGjmNXQKXk-01465-00312496-00312679 the michelin test was introduced to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01466-00312680-00312910 identify europeans with jewish blood and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01467-00312911-00313063 consider those tested
PWGjmNXQKXk-01468-00313064-00313406 jews of the first or second degree
PWGjmNXQKXk-01469-00313407-00313599 one could not become a non-jew in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01470-00313600-00313806 eyes of the nazi government by seceding
PWGjmNXQKXk-01471-00313807-00313975 from one's jewish congregation
PWGjmNXQKXk-01472-00313976-00314191 becoming non-practicing marrying outside
PWGjmNXQKXk-01473-00314192-00314334 the religion or converting to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01474-00314335-00314487 christianity
PWGjmNXQKXk-01475-00314488-00314775 in 1935 the nuremberg laws forbade new
PWGjmNXQKXk-01476-00314776-00314999 marriages of people classified as jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01477-00315000-00315271 with people of other classifications
PWGjmNXQKXk-01478-00315272-00315471 earlier contracted marriages between
PWGjmNXQKXk-01479-00315472-00315679 spouses of different classifications
PWGjmNXQKXk-01480-00315680-00315830 so-called mixed marriages
PWGjmNXQKXk-01481-00315831-00316063 mishihi provided the jewish classified
PWGjmNXQKXk-01482-00316064-00316254 spouse with an uncertain protection from
PWGjmNXQKXk-01483-00316255-00316543 some discriminations and atrocities
PWGjmNXQKXk-01484-00316544-00316743 there were very few karates in europe
PWGjmNXQKXk-01485-00316744-00316934 during the nazi era most lived in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01486-00316935-00317087 region of turkey greece
PWGjmNXQKXk-01487-00317088-00317327 and the crimea karaites were not
PWGjmNXQKXk-01488-00317328-00317510 considered jewish for the purpose of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01489-00317511-00317719 holocaust extermination policy
PWGjmNXQKXk-01490-00317720-00317999 according to ss obergruppenfuhrer burger
PWGjmNXQKXk-01491-00318000-00318103 writing on november
PWGjmNXQKXk-01492-00318104-00318423 24 1944 discrimination against the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01493-00318424-00318615 karits had been prohibited due to their
PWGjmNXQKXk-01494-00318616-00318839 proximity to the crimean tatars to whom
PWGjmNXQKXk-01495-00318840-00319006 burger views the karates as being
PWGjmNXQKXk-01496-00319007-00319127 related
PWGjmNXQKXk-01497-00319128-00319351 nazis still retained hostility towards
PWGjmNXQKXk-01498-00319352-00319495 the carriage on grounds of their
PWGjmNXQKXk-01499-00319496-00319647 religion and there were a number of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01500-00319648-00319934 small-scale massacres of carrots
PWGjmNXQKXk-01501-00319935-00320167 in german occupied france an ordinance
PWGjmNXQKXk-01502-00320168-00320351 defined a jew as an individual who
PWGjmNXQKXk-01503-00320352-00320534 belonged to the jewish religion or who
PWGjmNXQKXk-01504-00320535-00320734 had more than two jewish grandparents
PWGjmNXQKXk-01505-00320735-00320927 the vishy regime in southern france
PWGjmNXQKXk-01506-00320928-00321110 defined a jew as an individual with
PWGjmNXQKXk-01507-00321111-00321287 three jewish grandparents or two
PWGjmNXQKXk-01508-00321288-00321463 grandparents if his her spouse was
PWGjmNXQKXk-01509-00321464-00321582 jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01510-00321583-00321775 richard weisberg points out that this
PWGjmNXQKXk-01511-00321776-00321999 was a potentially broader classification
PWGjmNXQKXk-01512-00322000-00322206 than the one used in occupied france
PWGjmNXQKXk-01513-00322207-00322399 for example a michelin could not be
PWGjmNXQKXk-01514-00322400-00322615 classified a jew under the nazi dictate
PWGjmNXQKXk-01515-00322616-00322830 by her his spouse's classification if
PWGjmNXQKXk-01516-00322831-00322999 the marriage was contracted before the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01517-00323000-00323215 imposition of anti-semitic marriage laws
PWGjmNXQKXk-01518-00323216-00323375 there but would be deemed one under the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01519-00323376-00323575 vichy act if he she had married a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01520-00323576-00324087 regardless when
PWGjmNXQKXk-01521-00324088-00324639 israelite identity lost claims
PWGjmNXQKXk-01522-00324640-00324847 there are various groups besides jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01523-00324848-00324975 that have claimed dissent from the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01524-00324976-00325158 biblical israelites
PWGjmNXQKXk-01525-00325159-00325399 the question nowadays arises in relation
PWGjmNXQKXk-01526-00325400-00325623 to israel's law of return with various
PWGjmNXQKXk-01527-00325624-00325839 groups seeking to migrate there
PWGjmNXQKXk-01528-00325840-00326039 some claims have been accepted some are
PWGjmNXQKXk-01529-00326040-00326151 under consideration
PWGjmNXQKXk-01530-00326152-00326295 while others have been rejected by
PWGjmNXQKXk-01531-00326296-00326791 israel's rabbinate
PWGjmNXQKXk-01532-00326792-00327334 kochin jews indian jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01533-00327335-00327543 some sources say that the earliest jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01534-00327544-00327727 of cochin india were those who settled
PWGjmNXQKXk-01535-00327728-00327799 in the malabar
PWGjmNXQKXk-01536-00327800-00327999 coast during the times of king solomon
PWGjmNXQKXk-01537-00328000-00328175 of israel and after the kingdom of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01538-00328176-00328375 israel split into two
PWGjmNXQKXk-01539-00328376-00328591 there is historical documentation of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01540-00328592-00328782 jews being in cochin after the fall of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01541-00328783-00328967 the second temple from around the 1st
PWGjmNXQKXk-01542-00328968-00329175 century ce
PWGjmNXQKXk-01543-00329176-00329375 editions were a smaller immigration of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01544-00329376-00329615 sephardic jews from europe in the 16th
PWGjmNXQKXk-01545-00329616-00329830 century after the expulsion from spain
PWGjmNXQKXk-01546-00329831-00330071 and baghdadi jews arabic-speaking jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01547-00330072-00330287 who arrived in the late 18th century
PWGjmNXQKXk-01548-00330288-00330471 at the beginning of the british colonial
PWGjmNXQKXk-01549-00330472-00330751 era following the independence of india
PWGjmNXQKXk-01550-00330752-00330919 and the establishment of israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01551-00330920-00331158 most cochin jews emigrated to israel in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01552-00331159-00331367 the mid-1950s
PWGjmNXQKXk-01553-00331368-00331558 some have gone on to north america or
PWGjmNXQKXk-01554-00331559-00331991 britain
PWGjmNXQKXk-01555-00331992-00332423 bene israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01556-00332424-00332623 the bene israel in india claimed to be
PWGjmNXQKXk-01557-00332624-00332791 descended from jews who escaped
PWGjmNXQKXk-01558-00332792-00332991 persecution in galilee in the second
PWGjmNXQKXk-01559-00332992-00333175 century bce
PWGjmNXQKXk-01560-00333176-00333399 the bene israel resemble the non-jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01561-00333400-00333630 marathi people in appearance and customs
PWGjmNXQKXk-01562-00333631-00333782 which indicates some intermarriage
PWGjmNXQKXk-01563-00333783-00333830 between
PWGjmNXQKXk-01564-00333831-00334158 jews and indians the bene israel however
PWGjmNXQKXk-01565-00334159-00334334 maintained the practices of jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01566-00334335-00334439 dietary laws
PWGjmNXQKXk-01567-00334440-00334654 male circumcision and observation of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01568-00334655-00334854 sabbath as a day of rest
PWGjmNXQKXk-01569-00334855-00335087 from the late 18th century other jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01570-00335088-00335278 communities instructed them in normative
PWGjmNXQKXk-01571-00335279-00335439 judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-01572-00335440-00335639 initially the orthodox rabbinate in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01573-00335640-00335830 israel said that the bene israel would
PWGjmNXQKXk-01574-00335831-00336023 have to undergo conversion in order to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01575-00336024-00336247 marry other jews as matrilineal descent
PWGjmNXQKXk-01576-00336248-00336415 could not be proven
PWGjmNXQKXk-01577-00336416-00336710 in 1964 the israeli rabbinate declared
PWGjmNXQKXk-01578-00336711-00336871 that the bene israel are
PWGjmNXQKXk-01579-00336872-00337215 full jews in every respect
PWGjmNXQKXk-01580-00337216-00337423 the bene israel claim a lineage to the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01581-00337424-00337663 kohanam the israelite priestly class
PWGjmNXQKXk-01582-00337664-00337839 which claims dissent from aaron the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01583-00337840-00338006 brother of moses
PWGjmNXQKXk-01584-00338007-00338295 in 2002 dna testing revealed that the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01585-00338296-00338503 bene israel shared some genetic markers
PWGjmNXQKXk-01586-00338504-00338647 of the kohanum
PWGjmNXQKXk-01587-00338648-00338839 these are not exclusive to the kohanum
PWGjmNXQKXk-01588-00338840-00338991 but appear among them at a higher
PWGjmNXQKXk-01589-00338992-00339134 frequency
PWGjmNXQKXk-01590-00339135-00339271 these are also shared with some
PWGjmNXQKXk-01591-00339272-00339439 non-jewish semitic peoples
PWGjmNXQKXk-01592-00339440-00339647 many of the bene israel emigrated from
PWGjmNXQKXk-01593-00339648-00339910 india to israel where around 6000 jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01594-00339911-00340087 of this group reside
PWGjmNXQKXk-01595-00340088-00340399 about 5000 remain in india they maintain
PWGjmNXQKXk-01596-00340400-00340982 65 synagogues in israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01597-00340983-00341415 beta israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01598-00341416-00341639 the beta israel or phalasha is a group
PWGjmNXQKXk-01599-00341640-00341799 formerly living in ethiopia
PWGjmNXQKXk-01600-00341800-00341975 who have a tradition of descent from the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01601-00341976-00342151 lost tribe of dan
PWGjmNXQKXk-01602-00342152-00342343 they have a long history of practicing
PWGjmNXQKXk-01603-00342344-00342551 such jewish traditions as kashrut
PWGjmNXQKXk-01604-00342552-00342758 sabbath and passover and had jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01605-00342759-00342878 texts
PWGjmNXQKXk-01606-00342879-00343175 in 1975 their claim of jewishness was
PWGjmNXQKXk-01607-00343176-00343343 accepted by the chief rabbanate of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01608-00343344-00343575 israel and the israeli government
PWGjmNXQKXk-01609-00343576-00343719 the government assisted them in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01610-00343720-00343934 emigrating on mass to israel during the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01611-00343935-00344247 1980s and 1990s as jews under the law of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01612-00344248-00344454 return when ethiopia was undergoing
PWGjmNXQKXk-01613-00344455-00344719 civil war some who claim to be beta
PWGjmNXQKXk-01614-00344720-00345295 israel still live in ethiopia
PWGjmNXQKXk-01615-00345296-00345727 banay manash
PWGjmNXQKXk-01616-00345728-00345934 the banayma nash is a group in india
PWGjmNXQKXk-01617-00345935-00346071 claiming to be descendants of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01618-00346072-00346263 half-tribe of menash
PWGjmNXQKXk-01619-00346264-00346454 members who have studied hebrew and who
PWGjmNXQKXk-01620-00346455-00346630 observe the sabbath and other jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01621-00346631-00346895 laws in 2005 received the support of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01622-00346896-00347095 sephardic chief rabbi of israel to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01623-00347096-00347375 arrange formal conversion to judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-01624-00347376-00347558 some have converted and immigrated to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01625-00347559-00348119 israel under the law of return
PWGjmNXQKXk-01626-00348120-00348575 the kaifeng jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01627-00348576-00348799 the kaifeng jews a mandarin-speaking
PWGjmNXQKXk-01628-00348800-00348999 group from hanan province china
PWGjmNXQKXk-01629-00349000-00349230 experienced first contact with europeans
PWGjmNXQKXk-01630-00349231-00349527 in 1605 via the religious scholar mateo
PWGjmNXQKXk-01631-00349528-00349647 richie
PWGjmNXQKXk-01632-00349648-00349839 modern researchers believe these jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01633-00349840-00350006 were descended from persian merchants
PWGjmNXQKXk-01634-00350007-00350182 who settled in china during the early
PWGjmNXQKXk-01635-00350183-00350334 song dynasty
PWGjmNXQKXk-01636-00350335-00350534 they prospered during the ming dynasty
PWGjmNXQKXk-01637-00350535-00350703 as confucian civil servants
PWGjmNXQKXk-01638-00350704-00350903 soldiers and merchants but they quickly
PWGjmNXQKXk-01639-00350904-00351071 assimilated and lost much of their
PWGjmNXQKXk-01640-00351072-00351223 jewish heritage
PWGjmNXQKXk-01641-00351224-00351447 by the beginning of the 19th century the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01642-00351448-00351678 last rabbi with knowledge of hebrew died
PWGjmNXQKXk-01643-00351679-00351951 leaving no successor the community had
PWGjmNXQKXk-01644-00351952-00352143 become extinct religiously by the late
PWGjmNXQKXk-01645-00352144-00352334 qing dynasty due to anti-foreign
PWGjmNXQKXk-01646-00352335-00352519 persecutions brought on by the taiping
PWGjmNXQKXk-01647-00352520-00352743 rebellion and boxer rebellion
PWGjmNXQKXk-01648-00352744-00352919 there are a small number of chinese
PWGjmNXQKXk-01649-00352920-00353110 people today who consider themselves to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01650-00353111-00353271 be descendants of these jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01651-00353272-00353454 despite their isolation from the rest of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01652-00353455-00353695 the jewish diaspora the jews of kaifeng
PWGjmNXQKXk-01653-00353696-00353895 preserved jewish traditions and customs
PWGjmNXQKXk-01654-00353896-00354071 for many centuries
PWGjmNXQKXk-01655-00354072-00354327 in the 17th century assimilation began
PWGjmNXQKXk-01656-00354328-00354399 to erode these
PWGjmNXQKXk-01657-00354400-00354606 traditions the rate of intermarriage
PWGjmNXQKXk-01658-00354607-00354823 between jews and other ethnic groups
PWGjmNXQKXk-01659-00354824-00354967 such as the han chinese
PWGjmNXQKXk-01660-00354968-00355151 and the way and manchu minorities in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01661-00355152-00355327 china increased
PWGjmNXQKXk-01662-00355328-00355510 the destruction of the synagogue in the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01663-00355511-00355839 1860s led to the community's demise
PWGjmNXQKXk-01664-00355840-00356134 however j.l lieberman the first western
PWGjmNXQKXk-01665-00356135-00356399 jew to visit kaifeng in 1867
PWGjmNXQKXk-01666-00356400-00356623 noted that they still had a burial
PWGjmNXQKXk-01667-00356624-00356806 ground of their own
PWGjmNXQKXk-01668-00356807-00357047 s m perlman the shanghai businessman and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01669-00357048-00357271 scholar wrote in 1912 that
PWGjmNXQKXk-01670-00357272-00357503 they bury their dead in coffins but of a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01671-00357504-00357654 different shape than those of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01672-00357655-00357758 chinese are made
PWGjmNXQKXk-01673-00357759-00357967 and do not attire the dead in secular
PWGjmNXQKXk-01674-00357968-00358134 clothes as the chinese do
PWGjmNXQKXk-01675-00358135-00358471 but in linen to date there is only one
PWGjmNXQKXk-01676-00358472-00358527 scholar
PWGjmNXQKXk-01677-00358528-00358695 joe shu who doubts the kai fung
PWGjmNXQKXk-01678-00358696-00358887 community's jewishness and claims them
PWGjmNXQKXk-01679-00358888-00359054 to have been a western construct
PWGjmNXQKXk-01680-00359055-00359382 today 600-1 000 residents of kaifeng
PWGjmNXQKXk-01681-00359383-00359623 trace their lineage to this community
PWGjmNXQKXk-01682-00359624-00359847 after contact with jewish tourists the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01683-00359848-00360015 jews of kai fung have reconnected
PWGjmNXQKXk-01684-00360016-00360271 to mainstream jewry with the help of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01685-00360272-00360406 jewish organizations
PWGjmNXQKXk-01686-00360407-00360558 some members of the community have
PWGjmNXQKXk-01687-00360559-00360751 emigrated to israel
PWGjmNXQKXk-01688-00360752-00361023 in 2009 chinese jews from kaifeng
PWGjmNXQKXk-01689-00361024-00361591 arrived in israel as immigrants
PWGjmNXQKXk-01690-00361592-00361982 the lemba
PWGjmNXQKXk-01691-00361983-00362191 the lemba group of people from southern
PWGjmNXQKXk-01692-00362192-00362423 africa primarily zimbabwe and south
PWGjmNXQKXk-01693-00362424-00362478 africa
PWGjmNXQKXk-01694-00362479-00362678 speak the bantu languages spoken by
PWGjmNXQKXk-01695-00362679-00362871 their geographic neighbors and resemble
PWGjmNXQKXk-01696-00362872-00363015 them physically but they have some
PWGjmNXQKXk-01697-00363016-00363223 religious practices and beliefs similar
PWGjmNXQKXk-01698-00363224-00363447 to those in judaism and islam which they
PWGjmNXQKXk-01699-00363448-00363710 claim were transmitted by oral tradition
PWGjmNXQKXk-01700-00363711-00363903 they have a tradition of ancient jewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01701-00363904-00364063 or south arabian descent through their
PWGjmNXQKXk-01702-00364064-00364199 male line
PWGjmNXQKXk-01703-00364200-00364510 genetic ydna analyses in the 2000s have
PWGjmNXQKXk-01704-00364511-00364710 established a partially middle eastern
PWGjmNXQKXk-01705-00364711-00364903 origin for a portion of the male lemba
PWGjmNXQKXk-01706-00364904-00365039 population
PWGjmNXQKXk-01707-00365040-00365263 more recent research argues that dna
PWGjmNXQKXk-01708-00365264-00365391 evidence does not support
PWGjmNXQKXk-01709-00365392-00365606 claims for a specifically jewish genetic
PWGjmNXQKXk-01710-00365607-00365982 heritage
PWGjmNXQKXk-01711-00365983-00366567 topic new mexico's crypto jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01712-00366568-00366823 a small hispano group of sephardic jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01713-00366824-00366999 in northern new mexico may be one
PWGjmNXQKXk-01714-00367000-00367206 of the oldest groups of practicing jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01715-00367207-00367310 in north america
PWGjmNXQKXk-01716-00367311-00367471 dating back to the early spanish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01717-00367472-00367671 settlers of jewish descent who had been
PWGjmNXQKXk-01718-00367672-00367887 forcibly converted to catholicism as
PWGjmNXQKXk-01719-00367888-00368095 conversos or new christians or both
PWGjmNXQKXk-01720-00368096-00368310 after 1492.
PWGjmNXQKXk-01721-00368311-00368510 some families of conversos began to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01722-00368511-00368775 settle in mexico city in the 1530s and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01723-00368776-00368951 1540s
PWGjmNXQKXk-01724-00368952-00369175 some converted back to judaism others
PWGjmNXQKXk-01725-00369176-00369343 maintained some jewish beliefs and
PWGjmNXQKXk-01726-00369344-00369519 practices in secret
PWGjmNXQKXk-01727-00369520-00369719 after the spanish inquisition came to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01728-00369720-00370015 the new world in 1571 the conversos were
PWGjmNXQKXk-01729-00370016-00370167 threatened with death if it was found
PWGjmNXQKXk-01730-00370168-00370478 they were practicing judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-01731-00370479-00370767 in 1598 the first expedition was made to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01732-00370768-00371054 new mexico and included conversos
PWGjmNXQKXk-01733-00371055-00371263 after that other conversos fled to the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01734-00371264-00371454 northwestern frontier of the spanish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01735-00371455-00371678 empire now the american southwest to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01736-00371679-00371823 evade the scrutiny and threat of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01737-00371824-00371975 discovery in the more monitored
PWGjmNXQKXk-01738-00371976-00372102 settlements
PWGjmNXQKXk-01739-00372103-00372334 outwardly catholic these forced converts
PWGjmNXQKXk-01740-00372335-00372543 maintained jewish practices and customs
PWGjmNXQKXk-01741-00372544-00372743 for generations in secret hence their
PWGjmNXQKXk-01742-00372744-00372799 name
PWGjmNXQKXk-01743-00372800-00373078 crypto jews they have been the subject
PWGjmNXQKXk-01744-00373079-00373278 of recent academic study
PWGjmNXQKXk-01745-00373279-00373487 some of new mexico's crypto jews have
PWGjmNXQKXk-01746-00373488-00373702 begun to return to normative judaism in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01747-00373703-00373895 recent years through study and ritual
PWGjmNXQKXk-01748-00373896-00374023 conversion
PWGjmNXQKXk-01749-00374024-00374215 others feel enlarged by learning this
PWGjmNXQKXk-01750-00374216-00374399 part of their history but continue as
PWGjmNXQKXk-01751-00374400-00374606 practicing catholics
PWGjmNXQKXk-01752-00374607-00374806 a genetic study of men in the early
PWGjmNXQKXk-01753-00374807-00375047 2000s showed that many hispanos of the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01754-00375048-00375247 american southwest are descended from a
PWGjmNXQKXk-01755-00375248-00375471 nuzum sephardic jews who were forcibly
PWGjmNXQKXk-01756-00375472-00375710 converted to roman catholicism
PWGjmNXQKXk-01757-00375711-00375919 only catholic spanish were allowed to go
PWGjmNXQKXk-01758-00375920-00376102 to the new world with the exploration
PWGjmNXQKXk-01759-00376103-00376327 and colonial expeditions
PWGjmNXQKXk-01760-00376328-00376510 families first kept their secrets for
PWGjmNXQKXk-01761-00376511-00376734 protection and then out of habit
PWGjmNXQKXk-01762-00376735-00376943 michael hammer a research professor at
PWGjmNXQKXk-01763-00376944-00377175 the university of arizona and an expert
PWGjmNXQKXk-01764-00377176-00377287 on jewish genetics
PWGjmNXQKXk-01765-00377288-00377454 said that fewer than 1 percent of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01766-00377455-00377695 non-semites possessed the male-specific
PWGjmNXQKXk-01767-00377696-00378015 kahanam marker or cohen modal haplotype
PWGjmNXQKXk-01768-00378016-00378206 which is prevalent among jews claiming
PWGjmNXQKXk-01769-00378207-00378463 descent from hereditary priests
PWGjmNXQKXk-01770-00378464-00378687 thirty of seventy-eight latinos tested
PWGjmNXQKXk-01771-00378688-00378778 in new mexico
PWGjmNXQKXk-01772-00378779-00379078 38.5 percent were found to have y dna
PWGjmNXQKXk-01773-00379079-00379271 with the kahanam marker
PWGjmNXQKXk-01774-00379272-00379478 wider dna testing of hispanic
PWGjmNXQKXk-01775-00379479-00379743 populations has revealed between 10
PWGjmNXQKXk-01776-00379744-00380047 and 15 of men living in new mexico south
PWGjmNXQKXk-01777-00380048-00380263 texas and northern mexico have a y
PWGjmNXQKXk-01778-00380264-00380447 chromosome associated with the middle
PWGjmNXQKXk-01779-00380448-00380551 east
PWGjmNXQKXk-01780-00380552-00380734 their history makes it most likely that
PWGjmNXQKXk-01781-00380735-00380895 they are jewish rather than arabic
PWGjmNXQKXk-01782-00380896-00381039 muslim
PWGjmNXQKXk-01783-00381040-00381287 in 2008 a gene mutation that is
PWGjmNXQKXk-01784-00381288-00381527 typically found only in ashkenazi jews
PWGjmNXQKXk-01785-00381528-00381702 and is linked to a virulent form of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01786-00381703-00381919 breast cancer in women was discovered in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01787-00381920-00382134 a cluster of hispanic catholic women in
PWGjmNXQKXk-01788-00382135-00382247 southern colorado
PWGjmNXQKXk-01789-00382248-00382439 many of whom trace their family's roots
PWGjmNXQKXk-01790-00382440-00382630 to northern new mexico
PWGjmNXQKXk-01791-00382631-00382830 it was conclusively shown to be related
PWGjmNXQKXk-01792-00382831-00383047 to jewish ancestry given the history of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01793-00383048-00383263 the people in the area and many families
PWGjmNXQKXk-01794-00383264-00383439 reported knowledge of a high incidence
PWGjmNXQKXk-01795-00383440-00383575 of cancer
PWGjmNXQKXk-01796-00383576-00383767 after testing and notification of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01797-00383768-00383951 families researchers worked with the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01798-00383952-00384175 extended families on genetic counseling
PWGjmNXQKXk-01799-00384176-00384351 and to develop health strategies for
PWGjmNXQKXk-01800-00384352-00384415 monitoring
PWGjmNXQKXk-01801-00384416-00384599 early detection and treatment as they
PWGjmNXQKXk-01802-00384600-00384743 were faced with the higher risk
PWGjmNXQKXk-01803-00384744-00384878 associated with the gene
PWGjmNXQKXk-01804-00384879-00385082 other evidence of jewish ancestry is
PWGjmNXQKXk-01805-00385083-00385199 language
PWGjmNXQKXk-01806-00385200-00385423 according to a jewish genealogy blog
PWGjmNXQKXk-01807-00385424-00385510 so-called
PWGjmNXQKXk-01808-00385511-00385799 mountain spanish a spanish dialect
PWGjmNXQKXk-01809-00385800-00385999 spoken by many of the old families of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01810-00386000-00386167 northern new mexico and southern
PWGjmNXQKXk-01811-00386168-00386278 colorado
PWGjmNXQKXk-01812-00386279-00386510 and chiefly only among themselves
PWGjmNXQKXk-01813-00386511-00386687 appears to be a form of ladino or
PWGjmNXQKXk-01814-00386688-00386830 judaismo
PWGjmNXQKXk-01815-00386831-00386991 this was a hybrid language that
PWGjmNXQKXk-01816-00386992-00387230 developed among sephardic jews in iberia
PWGjmNXQKXk-01817-00387231-00387343 from old spanish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01818-00387344-00387543 portuguese and hebrew with sprinklings
PWGjmNXQKXk-01819-00387544-00387751 of arabic greek and other languages
PWGjmNXQKXk-01820-00387752-00387934 depending on the geographic region of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01821-00387935-00388495 the speakers or their ancestors
PWGjmNXQKXk-01822-00388496-00389023 other claims
PWGjmNXQKXk-01823-00389024-00389543 see also
PWGjmNXQKXk-01824-00389544-00390102 notes and references
PWGjmNXQKXk-01825-00390103-00390502 notes
PWGjmNXQKXk-01826-00390503-00391095 topic references
PWGjmNXQKXk-01827-00391096-00391558 external links
PWGjmNXQKXk-01828-00391559-00391863 jewish identity on chabad.org
PWGjmNXQKXk-01829-00391864-00392191 humanistic judaism view on who is a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01830-00392192-00392399 reform view of who is a jew by the union
PWGjmNXQKXk-01831-00392400-00392606 for reform judaism
PWGjmNXQKXk-01832-00392607-00392943 who is a jew by jewish virtual library
PWGjmNXQKXk-01833-00392944-00393206 orthodox and non-orthodox judaism how to
PWGjmNXQKXk-01834-00393207-00393502 square the circle by jcpa
PWGjmNXQKXk-01835-00393503-00393782 rabbi dr daniel hartman israel cannot be
PWGjmNXQKXk-01836-00393783-00393999 arbiter of conversions to judaism by
PWGjmNXQKXk-01837-00394000-00394239 shalom hartmann institute
PWGjmNXQKXk-01838-00394240-00394534 matrilineal descent conservative view
PWGjmNXQKXk-01839-00394535-00394591 the
PWGjmNXQKXk-01840-00394592-00394878 who is a jew controversy by the u.s
PWGjmNXQKXk-01841-00394879-00395078 library of congress
PWGjmNXQKXk-01842-00395079-00395319 rabbi dr daniel hartman the challenge
PWGjmNXQKXk-01843-00395320-00395527 and crisis of conversion in israel by
PWGjmNXQKXk-01844-00395528-00395758 shalom hartmann institute
PWGjmNXQKXk-01845-00395759-00396151 who is a jew from www.beingjewish
PWGjmNXQKXk-01846-00396152-00396502 com how do you prove you're a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01847-00396503-00396799 gershom gorenberg new york times march 2
PWGjmNXQKXk-01848-00396800-00396991 2008
PWGjmNXQKXk-01849-00396992-00397199 rabbinical court puts thousands of
PWGjmNXQKXk-01850-00397200-00397430 converts in legal limbo
PWGjmNXQKXk-01851-00397431-00397687 ruling reopens fractious debate over who
PWGjmNXQKXk-01852-00397688-00397751 is a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01853-00397752-00398167 nathan jeffe the forward may 8 2008
PWGjmNXQKXk-01854-00398168-00398454 israel considers question who is a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01855-00398455-00398710 issue heads to higher court after rabbis
PWGjmNXQKXk-01856-00398711-00399023 and null some 40 000 conversions
PWGjmNXQKXk-01857-00399024-00399399 november 2008 who was born a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01858-00399400-00399623 rabbinical and karate interpretation
PWGjmNXQKXk-01859-00399624-00399975 side by side from half-jewish.org
PWGjmNXQKXk-01860-00399976-00400167 times online the law of the land
PWGjmNXQKXk-01861-00400168-00400406 collides with the law of moses
PWGjmNXQKXk-01862-00400407-00400663 israel risks alienating jewish diaspora
PWGjmNXQKXk-01863-00400664-00400902 over definition of a jew
PWGjmNXQKXk-01864-00400903-00401271 the economist jan 11 2014
PWGjmNXQKXk-01865-00401272-00401983 who is a jew pew forum who is a jew
PWbwD4TCkKY-00000-00000039-00000286 hi my name is babu my position is a
PWbwD4TCkKY-00001-00000287-00000407 project manager
PWbwD4TCkKY-00002-00000408-00000647 i'm located in room 1 my extension is
PWbwD4TCkKY-00003-00000648-00000790 7084
PWbwD4TCkKY-00004-00000791-00001150 great now just continue the script
PWbwD4TCkKY-00005-00001151-00001399 so in employee news the 10th annual rim
PWbwD4TCkKY-00006-00001400-00001688 summer picnic
PX6EuldpGxy-00000-00000272-00003166 I'm ready
PX6EuldpGxy-00001-00003167-00004836 thank you
PX6EuldpGxy-00002-00004837-00006514 very much
PX6EuldpGxy-00003-00006515-00008377 that's not so bad
PX6EuldpGxy-00004-00008378-00009653 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00007-00023509-00023921 you know
PX6EuldpGxy-00008-00023922-00024161 one will share right about now it's
PX6EuldpGxy-00010-00027395-00027485 um
PX6EuldpGxy-00012-00033159-00034265 [Applause]
PX6EuldpGxy-00013-00034266-00035387 that's
PX6EuldpGxy-00014-00035388-00036018 enough
PX6EuldpGxy-00015-00036019-00038657 to save your foreign
PX6EuldpGxy-00016-00038658-00038909 thing
PX6EuldpGxy-00017-00038910-00039605 ah
PX6EuldpGxy-00018-00039606-00040195 yes
PX6EuldpGxy-00019-00040196-00041315 Ghana was beautiful
PX6EuldpGxy-00020-00041316-00043896 um
PX6EuldpGxy-00021-00043897-00044345 thank you
PX6EuldpGxy-00022-00044346-00045262 yes
PX6EuldpGxy-00023-00045263-00046757 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00024-00046758-00047003 foreign
PX6EuldpGxy-00025-00047004-00047019 [Applause]
PX6EuldpGxy-00026-00047020-00049985 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00027-00049986-00050614 [Applause]
PX6EuldpGxy-00028-00050615-00051394 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00030-00054982-00055897 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00031-00055898-00056230 to other people unless you don't make
PX6EuldpGxy-00032-00056232-00056688 good use of your your lens
PX6EuldpGxy-00033-00056689-00057041 now and then they sponsor because I
PX6EuldpGxy-00034-00057041-00057179 tried them
PX6EuldpGxy-00035-00057179-00057497 yeah yeah who can platform you cry for
PX6EuldpGxy-00036-00057498-00057641 anything
PX6EuldpGxy-00037-00057641-00058249 uh yeah for me oh yeah compared boy oh
PX6EuldpGxy-00038-00058250-00058613 that's Rush hey everybody
PX6EuldpGxy-00039-00058614-00060239 comfortable
PX6EuldpGxy-00040-00060240-00062771 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00041-00062772-00063575 why
PX6EuldpGxy-00042-00063576-00063976 is it
PX6EuldpGxy-00043-00063977-00064665 um
PX6EuldpGxy-00044-00064666-00065561 [Applause]
PX6EuldpGxy-00045-00065562-00065867 5
PX6EuldpGxy-00046-00065868-00066091 000
PX6EuldpGxy-00047-00066092-00066394 seven thousand
PX6EuldpGxy-00048-00066395-00066653 when you're ready
PX6EuldpGxy-00051-00073110-00075959 foreign
PX6EuldpGxy-00054-00087377-00090179 foreign
PX6EuldpGxy-00055-00090180-00092461 foreign
PX6EuldpGxy-00058-00102773-00105203 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00059-00105204-00106254 is
PX6EuldpGxy-00060-00106255-00107716 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00061-00107717-00108257 foreign
PX6EuldpGxy-00063-00114252-00116327 Chelsea
PX6EuldpGxy-00064-00116328-00117595 yes
PX6EuldpGxy-00065-00117596-00118743 it is foreign
PX6EuldpGxy-00066-00118744-00119766 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00067-00119767-00120764 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00068-00120765-00122321 [Applause]
PX6EuldpGxy-00069-00122322-00123278 foreign
PX6EuldpGxy-00070-00123279-00124172 [Applause]
PX6EuldpGxy-00072-00127711-00127884 oh yeah
PX6EuldpGxy-00073-00127885-00129631 [Laughter]
PX6EuldpGxy-00074-00129632-00131149 oh yeah
PX6EuldpGxy-00075-00131150-00132166 thank you it's
PX6EuldpGxy-00076-00132167-00134178 episode
PX6EuldpGxy-00078-00138162-00139281 foreign
PX6EuldpGxy-00079-00139282-00139807 [Music]
PX6EuldpGxy-00080-00139808-00140034 [Applause]
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00000-00001510-00001784 welcome to the thirty sixth lecture of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00001-00001785-00001968 cryogenic engineering under the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00002-00001969-00002265 individual program we have covered
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00003-00002266-00002619 various topics till now and they are as
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00004-00002620-00002958 follows and the last we finish was
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00005-00002959-00003156 cryogenic installations under cryogenic
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00006-00003157-00003404 engineering so now the current topic
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00007-00003405-00003627 which we are going to talk about is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00008-00003628-00003936 vacuum technology the brief has already
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00009-00003936-00004089 been mentioned about vacuum technology
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00010-00004090-00004281 in the earlier lecture regarding
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00011-00004282-00004466 cryogenic insulation
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00012-00004467-00004746 however vacuum is a very important
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00013-00004747-00004946 technology and it will be used
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00014-00004947-00005124 everywhere in cryogenic engine and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00015-00005125-00005297 therefore it is very important to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00016-00005298-00005571 understand what is this vacuum about and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00017-00005572-00005747 if I want to get good vacuum what is a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00018-00005748-00005925 good vacuum practice what are a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00019-00005926-00006078 different vacuum pumps that could be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00020-00006079-00006314 used and things like that what is most
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00021-00006315-00006479 important to understand is what are the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00022-00006480-00006753 vacuum fundamentals so under this topic
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00023-00006754-00007023 we will understand what is the need of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00024-00007023-00007231 vacuum in cryogenics although it is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00025-00007233-00007491 little bit clear in the earlier topic
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00026-00007492-00007767 when we covered cryogenic insulation we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00027-00007768-00007938 will know what our vacuum fundamentals
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00028-00007939-00008220 very basic knowledge to understand and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00029-00008221-00008382 how can good work can be obtained what
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00030-00008383-00008514 are different technologies what are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00031-00008515-00008733 different nomenclatures that are used to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00032-00008734-00009030 get good vacuum then what is conductance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00033-00009031-00009243 and electrical analogy applied to vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00034-00009244-00009522 technology pumping speed we use various
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00035-00009523-00009762 pumps how do we get different pumping
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00036-00009763-00010035 speeds and water pump down times for
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00037-00010036-00010251 respective pumps and then we talked
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00038-00010252-00010578 about in a brief about some vacuum pumps
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00039-00010579-00010878 that are normally used this topic will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00040-00010879-00011075 be covered in around three lectures and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00041-00011076-00011349 we'll have some tutorial assignments at
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00042-00011350-00011640 the end of in various topics at various
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00043-00011641-00011868 points in time so in today's lecture we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00044-00011869-00012072 will understand what is the need of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00045-00012073-00012345 vacuum in cryogenics some basics of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00046-00012346-00012525 vacuum that under vacuum fundamentals
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00047-00012526-00012852 and conductance and electrical analogy
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00048-00012853-00013038 to understand what is this conductance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00049-00013038-00013244 business that is prevalently used in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00050-00013244-00013632 vacuum technology used in cryogenics we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00051-00013633-00013889 know that the net heat in leaked into a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00052-00013890-00014330 cryogenic vessel is due to various modes
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00053-00014331-00014577 of mechanism of heat transfer so I can
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00054-00014578-00014891 write Q net the net heat in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00055-00014893-00015147 in the cryogenic vessel will be because
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00056-00015147-00015513 of cue gas conduction cue gas convection
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00057-00015513-00015825 cue solid conduction and cue radiation
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00058-00015826-00016094 this is also we have seen in cryogenic
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00059-00016095-00016447 insulation and if I produce good vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00060-00016448-00016709 the gas component can be completely
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00061-00016710-00016883 ruled out it will not be present over
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00062-00016884-00017114 there it will not be equal to zero but
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00063-00017115-00017306 we can say that the amount of gas
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00064-00017307-00017594 available in a particular space will be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00065-00017595-00017853 negligible or we can neglect Q gas
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00066-00017854-00018039 conduction and therefore we can also
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00067-00018040-00018236 negate Q convection which is going to be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00068-00018237-00018468 caused presence of gas in that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00069-00018469-00018689 particular space so if I were to go to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00070-00018690-00019055 vacuum the first two Q I can say get qk
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00071-00019056-00019299 the gas conduction and Q convection can
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00072-00019300-00019553 be completely taken care of or they will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00073-00019554-00019644 get minimized
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00074-00019645-00019961 all right so gas conduction and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00075-00019962-00020234 convection are minimized the losses
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00076-00020235-00020408 occurring because of these or heat in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00077-00020409-00020580 leak occurring because of gas convection
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00078-00020581-00020837 and conduction are minimized by having
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00079-00020838-00021083 vacuum between two surfaces of different
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00080-00021084-00021350 temperatures so if I have a good vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00081-00021351-00021659 the first two losses or heat in leaks
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00082-00021660-00021924 can be completely taken care of if I got
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00083-00021925-00022112 good vacuum second thing we also now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00084-00022113-00022428 know that use of evacuated or opacifier
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00085-00022429-00022689 powder which basically uses vacuum over
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00086-00022690-00022931 there it will decrease ka apparent
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00087-00022932-00023124 thermal conductivity and we also know
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00088-00023125-00023346 that multi-layer insulation which takes
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00089-00023347-00023633 care of solid conduction as well as Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00090-00023634-00023861 radiation so red condition is taken care
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00091-00023862-00024243 by different aspects having nurse you
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00092-00024244-00024428 know very small size pearlite border or
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00093-00024429-00024731 having spacers we know that optimum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00094-00024732-00024980 number of MLS could be used so that q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00095-00024981-00025125 solid condition also could be minimized
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00096-00025126-00025443 so ml I can definitely reduce Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00097-00025444-00025517 radiations
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00098-00025518-00025755 also it will minimize Q's already
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00099-00025756-00025970 conduction and we know that all these
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00100-00025972-00026159 powders and also multi-layer insulation
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00101-00026160-00026454 work only when good vacuum is there so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00102-00026455-00026682 that means that all these mores of heat
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00103-00026683-00026877 transfer which bring about heat in lick
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00104-00026877-00027123 into the system can be taken care of if
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00105-00027124-00027464 we are having very good vacuum so vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00106-00027465-00027681 technology forms a very important aspect
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00107-00027682-00027930 in cryogenics we have just seen that all
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00108-00027931-00028089 these modes of heat transfer gets
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00109-00028089-00028210 minimized
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00110-00028211-00028395 when we have a very good vacuum and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00111-00028397-00028602 therefore vacuum becomes an integral
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00112-00028604-00028783 part of cryogenic engineering or a very
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00113-00028783-00029058 important technology to be used always
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00114-00029060-00029314 with cryogenics so what do we mean by
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00115-00029314-00029542 vacuum the word vacuum comes from Latin
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00116-00029543-00030031 roots it means empty or the void so two
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00117-00030032-00030232 is nothing if perfect vacuum can be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00118-00030233-00030469 defined as a space with no particles of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00119-00030470-00030639 any States so no presence of solid
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00120-00030641-00030937 liquid gas particles you know space if
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00121-00030938-00031093 that is so then we'll say it's perfect
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00122-00031094-00031342 vacuum it is important to note that the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00123-00031343-00031477 upon definition is a theoretical
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00124-00031477-00031708 understanding we can't have a perfect
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00125-00031708-00031927 vacuum and therefore practically it is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00126-00031927-00032149 impossible to achieve perfect vacuum you
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00127-00032150-00032407 can have a very low pressure very very
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00128-00032408-00032569 low pressure but you cannot get perfect
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00129-00032570-00032809 vacuum that means nothing is present
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00130-00032810-00032950 over there no particles are present over
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00131-00032951-00033115 there this is something which is very
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00132-00033116-00033292 idealistic situation and therefore
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00133-00033293-00033520 practically it is impossible to achieve
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00134-00033521-00033781 perfect vacuum the pressures in vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00135-00033782-00033943 are lower than atmospheric pressures
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00136-00033944-00034228 that is why we call it vacuum the degree
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00137-00034229-00034414 of vacuum is decided by the mean free
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00138-00034415-00034687 path we have touched upon lambda mean
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00139-00034688-00034831 free path in the earlier lecture also
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00140-00034832-00035104 and depending on the value of this mean
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00141-00035105-00035338 free path we have got different degrees
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00142-00035339-00035560 of vacuum and before that let's
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00143-00035561-00035731 understand what is this mean free path
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00144-00035732-00035851 although it has already been touched
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00145-00035852-00036091 upon in cryogenic insulation so what is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00146-00036092-00036322 mean free path mean free path is defined
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00147-00036323-00036496 as the average distance traveled by the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00148-00036497-00036640 molecules between the subsequent
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00149-00036641-00036886 collisions that means from one collision
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00150-00036887-00037225 to second collision whatever path it
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00151-00037226-00037393 travels whatever distance it travels
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00152-00037394-00037684 it's called as mean free path and as you
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00153-00037685-00037906 know that as you go on reducing the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00154-00037907-00038113 pressure the number of molecules will be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00155-00038114-00038257 getting reduced and reduced and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00156-00038258-00038569 therefore the path will increase the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00157-00038570-00038746 path between two collisions will start
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00158-00038747-00038977 increasing and as the pressure gets
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00159-00038978-00039202 lower down to a very low level there are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00160-00039203-00039454 molecular collisions may stop and the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00161-00039455-00039736 molecule may hit the walls directly in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00162-00039737-00039892 that case that is the maximum mean free
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00163-00039893-00040198 path possible in that case so lambda is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00164-00040199-00040420 given by a mean free path is given by
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00165-00040421-00040651 this particular expression lambda is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00166-00040652-00040954 equal to MU by P into PI RT by 0.2 to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00167-00040955-00041263 the power 0.5 where mu is a viscosity of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00168-00041264-00041323 the gas
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00169-00041324-00041524 P is the pressure of the gas
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00170-00041525-00041737 and T is the temperature of the gas so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00171-00041738-00041863 there are different parameters and one
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00172-00041864-00042034 can calculate the value of lambda or a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00173-00042035-00042238 mean free path accordingly and R is a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00174-00042239-00042457 specific gas constant so for every gas
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00175-00042458-00042732 now we can calculate the value of lambda
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00176-00042733-00043003 also we understand from these that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00177-00043004-00043225 lambda increases with decreasing
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00178-00043226-00043420 pressure so as the pressure gets reduced
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00179-00043421-00043636 the value of lambda increases that means
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00180-00043637-00043942 the distance between two collisions or
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00181-00043943-00044254 the path starts increasing between the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00182-00044255-00044437 two collisions which is understandable
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00183-00044438-00044611 because as the pressure gets reduced
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00184-00044612-00044791 down the number of particles will get
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00185-00044792-00045124 reduced so the number of collisions also
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00186-00045125-00045322 will get reduced and molecule to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00187-00045323-00045568 molecule collision will take more apart
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00188-00045569-00045883 to be assured by one molecule so as the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00189-00045884-00046057 pressure gets reduced the value of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00190-00046058-00046345 lambda increases it also increases with
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00191-00046346-00046462 increase in temperature that can be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00192-00046463-00046630 understood from this because temperature
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00193-00046631-00046912 happens to be in the numerator the value
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00194-00046913-00047092 of mean free path plays an important
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00195-00047093-00047272 role in deciding the flow regimes in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00196-00047273-00047608 vacuum so this lambda is a very
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00197-00047609-00047818 important characteristic or very
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00198-00047819-00048148 important parameter which decides what
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00199-00048149-00048328 is this different flow regimes in vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00200-00048329-00048496 similar to the fact that we have a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00201-00048497-00048690 different flow regimes in continuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00202-00048691-00048928 region we have our different flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00203-00048929-00049132 regimes in a vacuum also so let us see
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00204-00049133-00049360 what is this flow region consider a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00205-00049361-00049546 closed system as shown in the figure and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00206-00049547-00049693 there are different molecules let's say
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00207-00049694-00049890 at high pressure that machine compared
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00208-00049891-00050062 to atmospheric pressures we got
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00209-00050063-00050278 different molecules come together in a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00210-00050279-00050599 given space or given volume but as you
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00211-00050600-00050875 go down loading the pressure the number
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00212-00050876-00051064 of molecules will get reduced and you
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00213-00051065-00051315 may land up in a situation like this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00214-00051316-00051577 where the number of molecules are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00215-00051578-00051802 reduced as the pressure is reduced and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00216-00051803-00052032 the residual molecules are now pulled
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00217-00052033-00052207 apart that means the distance between
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00218-00052208-00052363 the two molecules will start increasing
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00219-00052364-00052561 and therefore we say that here the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00220-00052562-00052861 molecules will have collisions at will I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00221-00052862-00053067 mean the time they move the time that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00222-00053069-00053241 start having movement they will have a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00223-00053242-00053454 collision over here why here it's a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00224-00053455-00053695 probabilistic model the depending on
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00225-00053696-00053896 what direction the molecules move it
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00226-00053897-00054079 will have a collision and therefore we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00227-00054079-00054310 say here the lengths in between the two
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00228-00054311-00054538 collision or the lambda value the mean
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00229-00054539-00054710 free path in this case will be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00230-00054711-00054962 as compared to what it is over here and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00231-00054963-00055069 that is obvious from here
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00232-00055070-00055342 as a result main free path of a residual
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00233-00055344-00055544 molecules becomes larger than the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00234-00055545-00055762 dimension of the system so sometimes
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00235-00055763-00056084 this mean free path will become more
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00236-00056085-00056297 than the dimension of the if it travels
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00237-00056298-00056482 over here it will possibly never collide
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00238-00056483-00056741 with any other molecule in that case the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00239-00056741-00056888 mean free path may be more than the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00240-00056889-00057041 diameter which is the characteristic
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00241-00057041-00057313 dimensions of this particular enclosure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00242-00057314-00057515 and the mean free path may be more than
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00243-00057516-00057838 this or it will be comparable to that in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00244-00057839-00058115 such system molecules collide only when
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00245-00058116-00058342 only with the walls of the container and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00246-00058344-00058513 they will never collide with the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00247-00058514-00058700 molecules themselves so molecule to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00248-00058701-00058963 molecule collision will be rare as the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00249-00058964-00059069 pressure goes down
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00250-00059070-00059482 or as we go down to lower pressures such
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00251-00059483-00059644 a flow of fluid is called free molecular
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00252-00059645-00059834 flow so now we are talking about having
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00253-00059835-00060098 a free molecular zone over here and this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00254-00060099-00060386 is where vacuum would come into picture
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00255-00060387-00060587 basically because normally we will deal
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00256-00060588-00060911 with such flows in vacuum if lambda is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00257-00060912-00061081 much smaller than the characteristic
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00258-00061082-00061288 length such flows are called continuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00259-00061289-00061451 flow if lambda is very very small that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00260-00061452-00061646 means the length between the collisions
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00261-00061647-00061816 or the time between the collisions is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00262-00061817-00062056 very very small or as soon as the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00263-00062057-00062222 molecule starts moving it collides with
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00264-00062223-00062453 other molecules so in this case lambda
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00265-00062454-00062632 is going to be very small and this will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00266-00062633-00062830 not normally happen in continuum flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00267-00062832-00063059 which is what normally we'll deal above
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00268-00063060-00063319 atmospheric pressures in fluid mechanics
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00269-00063320-00063536 the Reynolds number is used to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00270-00063537-00063781 categorize the pipe flow regime as shown
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00271-00063782-00063979 in the figure so we got our normally we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00272-00063980-00064207 deal with Reynolds number in continuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00273-00064208-00064397 flow and we know that the Reynolds
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00274-00064398-00064541 number is between zero to two three zero
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00275-00064541-00064835 zero 2300 what we call the flow is a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00276-00064836-00065048 laminar while if the Reynolds number is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00277-00065049-00065216 between two three zero zero and four
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00278-00065216-00065431 thousand we say that the flow is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00279-00065432-00065684 transition flow well above 4000 we say
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00280-00065685-00065825 the flow is turbulent flow and this is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00281-00065826-00066011 very much known to all of you in this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00282-00066012-00066209 flows molecules collide with each other
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00283-00066210-00066400 as well as with physical boundaries if
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00284-00066401-00066646 any that means the molecules are in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00285-00066647-00066935 constant collision conditions they are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00286-00066936-00067103 constantly colliding with each other and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00287-00067104-00067349 they also may collide with the walls or
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00288-00067350-00067604 the physical boundaries of this pipe now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00289-00067605-00067959 such thing may not exist at low pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00290-00067960-00068292 all right so in this case pressures are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00291-00068293-00068445 in the range of tech most physical use
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00292-00068446-00068772 why if we go to the vacuum now we've got
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00293-00068773-00068982 a different flow regime now and we don't
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00294-00068983-00069188 have Reynolds number over in vacuum now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00295-00069189-00069480 what we have now here is called Knudsen
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00296-00069481-00069798 number normally written as n KN is used
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00297-00069799-00070044 to categorize the flow regimes in vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00298-00070045-00070308 so here we always deal with a different
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00299-00070309-00070485 number and not ranaut somewhere and the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00300-00070486-00070683 moment we specify Knudsen number we know
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00301-00070684-00070857 that we are talking about flow regimes
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00302-00070858-00071049 in vacuum now and what is this not some
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00303-00071050-00071301 number now this concept is analogous to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00304-00071302-00071517 Reynolds number in fluid mechanics and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00305-00071518-00071883 the Knudsen number NK n is given as n K
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00306-00071884-00072069 n is equal to lambda by D where lambda
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00307-00072070-00072411 is mean free path and D is the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00308-00072412-00072672 characteristic diameter for dimension so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00309-00072673-00072957 if we know that as we have lower and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00310-00072958-00073152 lower pressure the value of lambda will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00311-00073153-00073419 go on increasing that means the Knudsen
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00312-00073420-00073674 number will go on increasing as we have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00313-00073675-00073884 got better and better and better of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00314-00073885-00074070 vacuum and according to the value of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00315-00074071-00074250 this Knudsen number now we'll have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00316-00074251-00074532 different flow regimes in vacuum so I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00317-00074533-00074772 will have different Knudsen number now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00318-00074773-00075012 so based on the Knudsen number n K in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00319-00075013-00075279 the above figure characteristics the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00320-00075280-00075507 flow regimes in a vacuum so when I say
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00321-00075508-00075744 my Knudsen number is less than point
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00322-00075745-00076002 zero one I will say I'm in continuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00323-00076003-00076257 region that lambda is much smaller than
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00324-00076258-00076707 D in this case but as lambda starts
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00325-00076708-00076887 increasing Knudsen number starts
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00326-00076888-00077142 increasing so if I am between point zero
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00327-00077143-00077454 one two point three I have something
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00328-00077455-00077763 called as mix flow over here so my
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00329-00077764-00078045 lambda is now increasing because the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00330-00078046-00078279 pressure is decreasing and if my Knudsen
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00331-00078280-00078426 number is between point zero one two
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00332-00078427-00078621 point three I will have something called
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00333-00078622-00078840 as mixed flow and if my Knudsen number
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00334-00078841-00079155 is more than 0.3 that means lambda is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00335-00079156-00079365 0.3 times dimension of the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00336-00079366-00079554 characteristic dimension I mean
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00337-00079555-00079662 something called as free molecular
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00338-00079663-00080025 region so my molecules are in a free
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00339-00080026-00080250 molecular flow region here they are in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00340-00080251-00080481 the mix flow regime in this case when
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00341-00080482-00080652 there are lambda when the nurse'll
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00342-00080653-00080799 number is between point zero one and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00343-00080800-00080988 point three and if the nursin number is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00344-00080989-00081222 less than point zero one am
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00345-00081223-00081456 actually calling I am still in continuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00346-00081457-00081615 region here the lambda value is going to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00347-00081616-00081861 be very very small as compared to the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00348-00081862-00082023 dimensions or the characteristic
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00349-00082024-00082305 dimension of the container summarizing
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00350-00082306-00082515 leaks we we say that we have got a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00351-00082516-00082719 continuum flow for Knudsen number less
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00352-00082720-00082932 than point zero one mix flow between
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00353-00082933-00083178 Knudsen number having between 0.001 and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00354-00083179-00083457 0.3 and free molecular flow for Knudsen
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00355-00083458-00083739 number greater than 0.3 the lambda value
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00356-00083740-00083910 will go on increasing Knudsen number
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00357-00083911-00084165 will go on increasing and I will reach
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00358-00084166-00084399 to a free molecular regime when the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00359-00084400-00084711 nursin number is more than 0.3 so let us
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00360-00084712-00084948 call now because as we go on loading the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00361-00084949-00085227 pressures we normally would call the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00362-00085228-00085494 places by different unit in this case so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00363-00085495-00085653 let us understand what our normal units
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00364-00085654-00085875 or pressure and then we will define how
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00365-00085876-00086174 do we refer to different vacuum levels
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00366-00086175-00086466 so in SI unit pressure is measured in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00367-00086467-00086652 Pascal or Newton per meter square
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00368-00086653-00086910 very often bar is also used for pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00369-00086911-00087105 measurement you know this for example
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00370-00087106-00087309 the standard atmospheric pressure can be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00371-00087310-00087591 expressed as 1 point 0 1 3 into 10 to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00372-00087592-00087843 the power 5 Pascal 1 point 0 1 3 into 10
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00373-00087844-00088002 to the power of 5 Newton per meter
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00374-00088003-00088149 square this is what normally we would
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00375-00088150-00088461 use in SI or in thermodynamic at a 1 bar
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00376-00088462-00088755 or we've got a 760 millimeter of mercury
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00377-00088756-00089055 column at standard sea level this is one
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00378-00089056-00089418 of our standard units of pressure this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00379-00089419-00089532 is what we use normally in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00380-00089533-00089706 thermodynamics and heat transfer and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00381-00089707-00089823 fluid mechanics or anything like that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00382-00089824-00089988 now in a vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00383-00089989-00090249 normally unit of pressure is tor tio
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00384-00090250-00090516 double our tour or sometimes also milli
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00385-00090517-00090722 bark this unit is named after
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00386-00090723-00090966 Evangelista Torricelli you must have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00387-00090967-00091152 heard about Torricelli an italian
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00388-00091153-00091491 physicist in the year 1644 so to honor
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00389-00091492-00091755 this scientist torricelli we have got
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00390-00091756-00091859 the unit of pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00391-00091860-00092214 specifically used in vacuum the vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00392-00092215-00092361 therefore will be called as so many
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00393-00092362-00092700 doors or sometimes in millibar also and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00394-00092701-00092925 this unit is named after the scientist
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00395-00092926-00093234 torricelli in the year 1644 so one Torr
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00396-00093235-00093414 what is this one Torr one thought is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00397-00093415-00093555 defined as one millimeter of mercury
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00398-00093556-00093852 column at standard sea level so you
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00399-00093853-00094080 imagine that 760 millimeter of mercury
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00400-00094081-00094584 column makes one atmosphere one bar
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00401-00094585-00095019 one millimeter makes one tour here or we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00402-00095020-00095382 can say 1 by 760 bar is nothing but 1
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00403-00095383-00095703 Torr or 1 by 760 atmosphere is nothing
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00404-00095704-00095859 but equal to 1 Torr
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00405-00095860-00096066 so naturally the pressures in this range
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00406-00096067-00096327 are much below atmosphere much below 1
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00407-00096328-00096666 bar therefore 1 Torr is equal to 133
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00408-00096667-00096858 0.28 Pascal or
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00409-00096859-00097110 1 Pascal is nothing but 1 Newton per
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00410-00097111-00097371 meter square so 133 0.28 Newton per
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00411-00097372-00097578 meter square so there's a conversion
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00412-00097579-00097764 table for your reference which is going
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00413-00097765-00097932 over here also we can have different
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00414-00097933-00098148 units we can have vacuum could be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00415-00098149-00098343 presented sometime in Pascal bar
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00416-00098344-00098646 atmosphere or tor normally it will be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00417-00098647-00098898 referred in torque and here we got
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00418-00098899-00099132 different conversions from Pascal to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00419-00099133-00099354 atmosphere Pascal to tour so I can say
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00420-00099355-00099606 that 1 Pascal is equal to 10 to the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00421-00099607-00099909 power minus 5 bar 1 Pascal is equal to 7
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00422-00099910-00100092 point 5 into 10 to the power of minus 3
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00423-00100093-00100497 . similarly 1 bar is equal to 10 to the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00424-00100498-00100749 power of 5 Pascal's 1 bar is equal to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00425-00100750-00101160 750 point zero 6 store or 1 tour which
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00426-00101161-00101397 is what we vacuum is referred to as is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00427-00101398-00101724 equal to 133 point 3 Pascal or 1 point 3
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00428-00101725-00101856 1 into 10 to the power minus 3
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00429-00101857-00102045 atmosphere so one can understand from
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00430-00102046-00102231 this if I were to convert different
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00431-00102232-00102501 units of vacuum or pressures into other
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00432-00102502-00102642 units this is the kind of a conversion
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00433-00102643-00102981 table for your usage similarly we know
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00434-00102982-00103142 that 1 milli is nothing but 10 to the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00435-00103143-00103365 power of minus 3 and 1 kilo is 10 to the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00436-00103366-00103568 power 3 so sometimes kilo Pascal could
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00437-00103569-00103808 be written over here so I can say 1
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00438-00103809-00104178 point 3 3 kilo Pascal is equal to $1 all
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00439-00104179-00104313 right suppose sometimes you can
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00440-00104314-00104585 understand like this also now there are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00441-00104586-00104792 different degrees of vacuum depending on
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00442-00104793-00105054 the levels of different pressures so as
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00443-00105055-00105258 I mentioned earlier pressures are lower
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00444-00105258-00105438 than atmospheric pressure in vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00445-00105439-00105755 spaces and depending on how low they are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00446-00105756-00105972 depending on their values we got
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00447-00105973-00106242 something called as degrees of vacuum so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00448-00106243-00106392 depending upon the pressure in the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00449-00106393-00106605 system the degree of the vacuum is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00450-00106606-00106863 categorized the table on the next slide
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00451-00106864-00107046 correlates the pressure and a degree of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00452-00107047-00107283 vacuum so normally we call I should have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00453-00107283-00107442 a low vacuum I should have a very low
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00454-00107443-00107682 vacuum I should have ultra low vacuums
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00455-00107683-00107832 and think like that they are all
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00456-00107833-00107956 classified
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00457-00107957-00108157 stone what is the level of pressure over
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00458-00108158-00108319 there and therefore let us have a look
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00459-00108320-00108510 at this degree of vacuum so degree of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00460-00108511-00108676 vacuum normally called as rough vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00461-00108677-00108856 in most of the industrial applications
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00462-00108857-00109072 we go trough vacuum where in the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00463-00109073-00109240 pressure is between the same assisted or
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00464-00109241-00109369 which is nothing but one atmosphere
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00465-00109370-00109690 approximately and $25.00 so when your
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00466-00109691-00109945 pressure is between 25 tour and 760 Torr
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00467-00109946-00110299 we have got a rough vacuum or in kPa we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00468-00110300-00110733 got a 3 kPa and 1 0 1 0 3 KP yeah so if
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00469-00110734-00111124 my pressure is between 1 0 3 KP and 3
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00470-00111125-00111373 kPa we cut her off vacuum then you've
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00471-00111374-00111688 got a medium vacuum between 25 tor 2.00
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00472-00111689-00111928 1 Torr 10 to the power minus 3 dot are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00473-00111929-00112168 also given in Pascal's over here then we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00474-00112169-00112306 go to high vacuum so go to rough vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00475-00112307-00112579 medium vacuum high vacuum the high
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00476-00112580-00112705 vacuum is between 10 to the power of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00477-00112706-00112870 minus 3 to 10 to the power of minus
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00478-00112871-00113101 sixth or so again you can understand
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00479-00113102-00113227 that I am coming down to 10 to power
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00480-00113228-00113484 minus 6 store which is between high
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00481-00113485-00113661 vacuum mean the pressure is between
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00482-00113663-00113863 minus 3 and minus 6 store sometimes it
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00483-00113864-00114058 is referred as when one would not same
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00484-00114058-00114210 on 10 to the power minus 3 to 10 to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00485-00114211-00114435 power minus 6 one can always say that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00486-00114436-00114585 vacuum is of the order of minus 3 to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00487-00114586-00114820 minus 6 or it's between minus 3 and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00488-00114821-00114997 minus 6 normally it's understood that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00489-00114998-00115183 this is 10 to the power of minus 3 and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00490-00115183-00115335 10 to the power minus 6 there are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00491-00115336-00115522 different levels of vacuum and then we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00492-00115523-00115744 got a very high vacuum between minus 6
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00493-00115745-00116065 to minus 9 levels all right when we got
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00494-00116066-00116254 a pressure of the order of 10 to the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00495-00116255-00116467 power minus 8 minus 9 if we say we are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00496-00116468-00116740 in very high vacuum region and then we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00497-00116741-00116902 got an ultra-high vacuum which is used
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00498-00116903-00117127 for very special purposes and this is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00499-00117128-00117313 now less than pressure less than 10 to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00500-00117314-00117571 the power minus ninth or so you can
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00501-00117572-00117643 understand
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00502-00117644-00117861 normally most of our operation happens
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00503-00117863-00118063 between medium vacuum co high vacuum in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00504-00118064-00118249 this region at least in cryogenics
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00505-00118250-00118525 unless very high levels of vacuum are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00506-00118526-00118761 expected then you know very special
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00507-00118763-00118963 applications would expect ultra-high
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00508-00118964-00119245 vacuum or to be there in that case what
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00509-00119246-00119433 kind of material do you use what
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00510-00119434-00119709 processes do you use all these aspects
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00511-00119710-00119923 become very important because you need a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00512-00119924-00120135 very high level of vacuum in this case
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00513-00120136-00120292 and therefore kind of processes you use
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00514-00120293-00120585 here are very very important so slide
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00515-00120586-00120943 number 16 correction so we can say that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00516-00120944-00121390 from the here one Torr is equal to 0.1 3
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00517-00121391-00121642 three kilo Pascal so we have understood
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00518-00121643-00121884 what are various degrees of maqam now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00519-00121885-00122224 and therefore now we'll go to little
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00520-00122225-00122413 practical applications or how to get
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00521-00122414-00122634 good vacuum but before that we have to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00522-00122635-00122968 understand the flow rates the pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00523-00122969-00123132 drop because if I want to vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00524-00123133-00123478 particular space I will connect that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00525-00123479-00123684 space to a vacuum pump and I will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00526-00123685-00123871 connect that space to vacuum pump
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00527-00123872-00124183 through a cube or a pipe and to begin
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00528-00124183-00124327 with now we will have a pressure drop
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00529-00124328-00124594 across this pipe and therefore will have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00530-00124595-00124792 molecular flow region we will be now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00531-00124793-00125032 talking about not a continuum region but
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00532-00125033-00125188 maybe we will be talking about molecular
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00533-00125189-00125470 flow regimes and therefore we'll have to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00534-00125471-00125614 understand what is the pressure drop
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00535-00125615-00125800 that happens what are the mass flow rate
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00536-00125801-00126022 that happens when we are talking about
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00537-00126023-00126280 molecular flow and therefore let us
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00538-00126281-00126483 understand the pressure drop or the mass
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00539-00126484-00126724 flow relationships as we go down from
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00540-00126725-00127027 continuum flow to mix flow and mix flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00541-00127028-00127264 to molecular flow region and this is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00542-00127265-00127549 very important to understand to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00543-00127550-00127777 calculate the mass flow rate and the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00544-00127778-00128131 pressure drop Delta P across a tube of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00545-00128132-00128361 little length L and therefore let us
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00546-00128363-00128482 understand what is this pressure drop
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00547-00128483-00128763 and mass flow rate relationships for
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00548-00128764-00129059 continuum region mix flow region and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00549-00129060-00129472 molecular flow region so we know that in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00550-00129473-00129793 a pipe if the fluid is traveling across
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00551-00129794-00130057 the pipe of constant cross section area
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00552-00130058-00130291 as shown in the figure will have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00553-00130292-00130558 pressure drop across this region from 1
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00554-00130558-00130774 to 2 will have a pressure drop with
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00555-00130775-00131092 passage of time for simplicity let the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00556-00131093-00131266 flow region be continued
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00557-00131267-00131440 let us assume its continuum region now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00558-00131441-00131689 as the fluid flows from point one to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00559-00131690-00131911 point two there is the pressure drop due
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00560-00131912-00132115 to viscosity and therefore what will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00561-00132116-00132349 have pressure at this point two will be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00562-00132350-00132556 less than pressure at this point 1 so p2
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00563-00132557-00132799 is going to be less than p1 because of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00564-00132800-00132970 the friction because the surface
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00565-00132971-00133165 conditions because the viscosity of the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00566-00133166-00133366 fluid the difference between the inlet
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00567-00133367-00133735 and exit pressures which is p1 minus p2
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00568-00133736-00134005 is what we call as pressure drop
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00569-00134006-00134245 let this be this be denoted as Delta P
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00570-00134246-00134521 and therefore we can say Delta P is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00571-00134522-00134719 equal to P 1 minus P
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00572-00134720-00134905 and it's a very standard of fluid
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00573-00134906-00135124 mechanics practice to calculate Delta P
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00574-00135125-00135352 across the region when the flow rate is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00575-00135353-00135613 around it say MDOT or whatever it is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00576-00135614-00135841 so pressure drop for a laminar continuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00577-00135842-00136066 flow and when I say laminar flow we are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00578-00136067-00136126 talking about
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00579-00136127-00136393 ranaut somewhere less than around two
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00580-00136394-00136558 three zero zero less than two three zero
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00581-00136559-00136734 zero and this is a very standard
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00582-00136735-00137134 equation Delta P is equal to 128 mu L m
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00583-00137135-00137449 dot upon PI into D to the power 4 into
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00584-00137450-00137698 Rho and this is called as poisonous
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00585-00137699-00137890 equation in fluid mechanics which
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00586-00137891-00138193 correlates pressure drop Delta P to mass
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00587-00138194-00138571 flow rate m dot so if the length is L
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00588-00138572-00138877 and the mass flow rate is m dot and the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00589-00138878-00139311 diameter is d then during this travel I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00590-00139312-00139639 will have Delta P amounting to this and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00591-00139640-00139936 one can see from here that Delta P is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00592-00139937-00140083 directly proposed to the length it
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00593-00140084-00140350 travels Delta P is directly proposed to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00594-00140351-00140536 the m dot mass flow rate if the mass
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00595-00140537-00140719 flow rate is high Delta P is going to be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00596-00140720-00140755 high
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00597-00140756-00141052 the length is high Delta P is going to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00598-00141053-00141571 be high why if the D is small Delta P is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00599-00141572-00141865 going to be very very large Delta P is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00600-00141866-00142108 dependent on D to the power 4 which is a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00601-00142109-00142354 very important parameter so in continuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00602-00142355-00142584 flow we can see that Delta P is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00603-00142585-00142819 inversely proportional to the fourth
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00604-00142820-00143071 power of D alright this is a very
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00605-00143072-00143326 important parameter please note that so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00606-00143327-00143560 here me and Rho are viscosity and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00607-00143561-00143776 density here you get a mu and Rho are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00608-00143777-00143995 viscosity and density of the fluid while
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00609-00143996-00144214 L and D are the length and diameter of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00610-00144215-00144451 the cube and a delta P is a directly
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00611-00144452-00144631 preferred to the length and Delta P is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00612-00144632-00144784 inversely proportional to the fourth
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00613-00144785-00145006 power of D as far as we are talking
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00614-00145007-00145285 about laminar continuum flow for rough
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00615-00145286-00145438 vacuum now when the nurse'll number is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00616-00145439-00145711 less than 0.1 as mentioned earlier the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00617-00145712-00145969 operating parameter is now between 25 to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00618-00145970-00146182 760 Torr which we know now I am talking
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00619-00146183-00146389 about not some number less than point
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00620-00146390-00146659 zero one an ideal gas behavior assumed
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00621-00146660-00146872 here and hence the correlation between
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00622-00146873-00147130 the average pressure and density is rho
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00623-00147131-00147412 is equal to PM by RT so you got an ideal
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00624-00147413-00147622 gas law here all right
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00625-00147623-00147880 so here Rho and T are density and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00626-00147881-00148054 temperature of gas and we are talking
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00627-00148055-00148111 about
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00628-00148112-00148453 a rough vacuum nursin number less than
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00629-00148454-00148615 point zero one or operating pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00630-00148616-00148882 between 25 to 760 torr we are having
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00631-00148883-00149134 that ideal gas relationship is valid M
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00632-00149135-00149389 is the molecular weight of the gas R is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00633-00149390-00149617 a universal gas constant while P is the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00634-00149618-00149800 average pressure so we have found that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00635-00149801-00150043 for this continuum region Knudsen number
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00636-00150044-00150220 less than point zero one we were to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00637-00150221-00150595 Delta P c128 mu L m dot upon PI into D
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00638-00150596-00150883 to the power 4 into Rho we know also rho
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00639-00150884-00151135 is equal to PM by RT and if i put the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00640-00151136-00151369 value of rho over here combining the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00641-00151370-00151540 about two equations the pressure drop
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00642-00151541-00151774 Delta P for a continuum laminar flow is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00643-00151775-00152098 this and from here I get relationship it
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00644-00152099-00152466 for m dot having m dot over here I will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00645-00152467-00152770 get m dot and Delta P related so m dot
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00646-00152771-00153058 is equal to PI into D to the power 4 P M
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00647-00153059-00153391 into Delta P divided by 128 mu L already
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00648-00153392-00153643 so basically Delta P and m dot are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00649-00153644-00153879 directly proportional and you've got a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00650-00153880-00154129 relationship between Delta P and L and D
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00651-00154130-00154266 therefore you go to relationship between
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00652-00154267-00154795 m dot and D and P D and Delta P from the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00653-00154796-00154945 above equation it is clear that the mass
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00654-00154946-00155215 flow rate M is directly proportional to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00655-00155216-00155371 the pressure drop so if the pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00656-00155372-00155548 drop is higher mass flow rate is going
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00657-00155549-00155800 to be higher and it's directly
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00658-00155801-00155935 proportional to the fourth power of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00659-00155936-00156141 diameter here Delta P we are talking
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00660-00156142-00156346 about when Delta P had inverse relation
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00661-00156347-00156562 with the fourth power of D while mass
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00662-00156563-00156820 flow rate has now directed relationship
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00663-00156821-00156979 between the two the fourth power of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00664-00156980-00157273 diameter now that was with the continuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00665-00157274-00157510 flow and let's talk about now mix flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00666-00157511-00157828 or with the lowering of pressure in the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00667-00157829-00158020 tube when the Knudsen number is between
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00668-00158021-00158226 point zero one and point three an
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00669-00158227-00158446 intermediate flow regime between the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00670-00158447-00158638 continuum and the free molecular flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00671-00158639-00158833 exists now as we have seen different
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00672-00158834-00159088 flow regimes in vacuum now this regime
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00673-00159089-00159394 is called as mixed flow or slip flow so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00674-00159395-00159598 what is happening now we are somewhere
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00675-00159599-00159769 in between molecular flow region and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00676-00159770-00160024 continuum region and that's why it's
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00677-00160025-00160240 called as mixed flow region and in such
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00678-00160241-00160525 condition the gas molecules close to the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00679-00160526-00160921 wall appear to slip past the wall with a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00680-00160922-00161016 finite velocity
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00681-00161017-00161215 parallel to the axis of the tube and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00682-00161216-00161352 hence it is called as slip
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00683-00161353-00161562 so in the earlier case in the continuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00684-00161563-00161770 region we know that the velocity of the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00685-00161771-00162009 particles at the wall is equal to zero
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00686-00162010-00162196 we know that the pressure is the flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00687-00162197-00162396 rate is maximum in the center and is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00688-00162397-00162801 zero at the walls of this pie but as the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00689-00162802-00162990 number of molecules go on listening as
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00690-00162991-00163146 the Knudsen number is getting it getting
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00691-00163147-00163384 increase or as a lambda starts getting
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00692-00163385-00163759 increased this molecule at the wall will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00693-00163760-00163947 also have some finite velocity and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00694-00163948-00164143 therefore it will not be velocity equal
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00695-00164144-00164344 to zero or in this case it will have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00696-00164345-00164583 some finite velocity and therefore we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00697-00164584-00164814 say that the molecules appear to slip
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00698-00164815-00165019 past the wall it is going it is not
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00699-00165020-00165228 stopping over there it is going it is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00700-00165229-00165394 slipping past the wall with a finite
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00701-00165395-00165588 velocity and therefore this velocity
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00702-00165589-00165786 will also be showing up in the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00703-00165787-00165990 calculation of Delta P or a mass flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00704-00165991-00166209 rate and therefore in slip flow we'll
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00705-00166210-00166404 have something what was happening in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00706-00166405-00166629 continuum flow plus because of the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00707-00166630-00166783 change in velocity or because of the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00708-00166784-00167004 velocity existing at the finite velocity
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00709-00167005-00167238 at the walls of this pipe will have one
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00710-00167239-00167482 more parameter appearing in the pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00711-00167483-00167770 or in the mass flow rate calculations so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00712-00167771-00167961 from the kinetic theory of gases mass
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00713-00167962-00168189 flow rate and pressure drop for slip
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00714-00168190-00168465 flow in a circular tube is given by this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00715-00168466-00168708 formula so you can see now m dot is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00716-00168709-00169076 equal to something into 1 plus something
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00717-00169077-00169396 so this is the same as what it was in a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00718-00169397-00169621 continuum flow and this is what we had
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00719-00169622-00169768 in a continuum flow this is the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00720-00169769-00170025 expression for MDOT in continuum flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00721-00170026-00170271 and this is nothing but same on
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00722-00170272-00170478 comparison of above equation with mass
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00723-00170479-00170778 flow rate for continuum laminar flow we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00724-00170779-00171081 know that the first term account for the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00725-00171082-00171360 internal laminar flow away from the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00726-00171361-00171537 walls that means at the center near the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00727-00171538-00171714 center of the tube this will account for
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00728-00171715-00171975 that but the second term is now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00729-00171976-00172299 accounting for the slip or the finite
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00730-00172300-00172473 velocity of the gas molecules will have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00731-00172474-00172689 near the walls the second term account
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00732-00172690-00172896 for the finite velocity correction near
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00733-00172897-00173178 the two walls this will make the matter
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00734-00173179-00173371 little complicated there was an earlier
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00735-00173372-00173565 case mass flow rate was directly
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00736-00173566-00173823 proportional due to portfolio in this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00737-00173824-00174012 case however we got to D to the power
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00738-00174013-00174177 four here and we go to D in the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00739-00174178-00174358 denominator over here and therefore the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00740-00174359-00174561 relationship between the mass flow rate
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00741-00174562-00174654 under diameter
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00742-00174655-00174984 is not so much clear all right so we can
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00743-00174985-00175200 understand however MDOT is directly
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00744-00175201-00175491 proportional to still Delta P so from
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00745-00175492-00175701 the above equation the mass flow rate m
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00746-00175702-00175845 dot is directly prominent to the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00747-00175846-00176076 pressure drop which is Delta P however
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00748-00176077-00176418 the dependence of diameter D of the tube
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00749-00176419-00176640 is more complex as compared to the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00750-00176641-00176868 fourth power relationship in laminar
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00751-00176869-00177164 continuum flow so earlier we had M
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00752-00177165-00177342 directly proportional to D to the power
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00753-00177343-00177591 four well in this case we go to aim
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00754-00177592-00177753 which is a complex relationship with
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00755-00177754-00177999 diameter because diameter appears in the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00756-00178000-00178175 finite velocity here in the denominator
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00757-00178176-00178449 well in the continuum region it was
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00758-00178450-00178737 appearing in the numerator only so you
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00759-00178738-00178836 can see the change that has occurred
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00760-00178837-00179067 because we shifted from a continuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00761-00179068-00179355 region to a mixed flow region now of the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00762-00179356-00179508 nurse'll number between point zero one
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00763-00179509-00179817 and point three let us if we go down the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00764-00179818-00180014 pressure earlier Knudsen number will be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00765-00180015-00180294 more than 0.3 with further lowering of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00766-00180295-00180498 pressure when Knudsen number is more
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00767-00180499-00180729 than 0.3 the number of molecules are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00768-00180730-00180906 reduced as well as the residual gas
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00769-00180907-00181077 molecules are pulled apart so we have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00770-00181078-00181317 seen earlier the lambda value has
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00771-00181318-00181614 increased now under for the collision
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00772-00181615-00181854 path the the path between having two
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00773-00181855-00182079 collision has become comparable with the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00774-00182080-00182280 characteristic dimension the Knudsen now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00775-00182281-00182514 is more than 0.3 the pressures are less
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00776-00182515-00182694 the distance between the molecules will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00777-00182695-00182943 increase this flow regime is called as
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00778-00182944-00183222 free molecular flow in such conditions
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00779-00183223-00183396 mean free path lambda of the molecules
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00780-00183397-00183591 is larger or comparable with the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00781-00183592-00183825 diameter of the tube the flow is limited
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00782-00183826-00184002 due to collisions of molecules with the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00783-00184003-00184173 walls this is what we had talked about
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00784-00184174-00184431 earlier in this case now the mass flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00785-00184432-00184617 rate m and the pressure drop in a free
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00786-00184618-00184926 molecular flow are related by this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00787-00184927-00185259 formula so we go to m dot now directly
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00788-00185260-00185625 problem 2 d cube over here well I am NOT
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00789-00185626-00185757 is still directly able to Delta P
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00790-00185758-00186048 however its dependence on diameter has
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00791-00186049-00186294 changed so if you recollect in the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00792-00186295-00186552 continuum region it was dependent
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00793-00186553-00186909 directly on D to the power 4 in the slip
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00794-00186910-00187176 flow it was a complex relationship while
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00795-00187177-00187485 here in the molecular region m dot is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00796-00187486-00187767 now directly dependent not power three
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00797-00187768-00187979 of the diameter D cube basic
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00798-00187980-00188287 so things are changing as we shift from
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00799-00188288-00188573 continuum region to free molecular
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00800-00188574-00188757 region and this is very important
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00801-00188758-00188970 because we have to calculate or we'll
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00802-00188971-00189161 have to understand what does diameter
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00803-00189162-00189333 should I use what is the length should I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00804-00189334-00189551 use if I were to connect my vacuum pump
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00805-00189552-00189819 with the space to be vacuumed all right
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00806-00189820-00190058 or if I know that region to be vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00807-00190059-00190257 has so much diameter and length I have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00808-00190258-00190494 to understand the dynamics of molecular
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00809-00190495-00190727 flow in that particular space from the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00810-00190728-00190908 above equation it is clear that the mass
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00811-00190909-00191240 flow rate aim is directly proportional
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00812-00191241-00191468 to the pressure drop Delta P and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00813-00191469-00191699 directly proportional to the third power
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00814-00191700-00191972 of diameter this is what we have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00815-00191973-00192145 understood now let us come to the next
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00816-00192146-00192395 nomenclature which is prevalently used
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00817-00192396-00192620 in vacuum technology which is nothing
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00818-00192621-00192857 but throughput and normally designated
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00819-00192858-00193253 as q so apart from mass flow rate m the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00820-00193254-00193523 rate of fluid flow is often measured by
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00821-00193524-00193806 a quantity called as throughput Q so we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00822-00193807-00193988 can call something as mass flow rate
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00823-00193989-00194141 which is kg per second or something like
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00824-00194142-00194291 that but then we have got one more
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00825-00194292-00194507 parameter called Q and it is very
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00826-00194508-00194714 important because it talks about both
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00827-00194715-00195059 pressure and volume flow rates also so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00828-00195060-00195326 what is this Q the throughput is defined
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00829-00195327-00195521 as a product of volumetric flow rate V
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00830-00195522-00195857 and pressure measured at the point where
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00831-00195858-00196064 V is measure wherever we are measuring
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00832-00196065-00196262 mass flow rate or volumetric flow rates
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00833-00196263-00196466 at the same place will measure pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00834-00196467-00196721 also and pressure into multiplied by
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00835-00196722-00196904 that volumetric flow rate will give me
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00836-00196905-00197066 what is called as throughput and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00837-00197067-00197312 therefore it will have units of pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00838-00197313-00197708 as well as volumetric flow rates so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00839-00197709-00197945 mathematically we have Q is equal to P
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00840-00197946-00198243 into V dot so volumetric flow rates
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00841-00198244-00198422 let's say liter per second liter per
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00842-00198423-00198679 minute liter per hour or any other
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00843-00198680-00198950 dimensions we can have and pressures we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00844-00198951-00199202 can have pressure diameters as Torr or a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00845-00199203-00199451 bar or a milli bar kilo Pascal's or
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00846-00199452-00199656 whatever so they the assignments of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00847-00199657-00199859 throughput therefore are Pascal meter
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00848-00199860-00200036 cube per second Pascal for pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00849-00200037-00200249 meter cube per second for volumetric
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00850-00200250-00200441 flow rate very often at low pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00851-00200442-00200687 it is also expressed in TOR liter per
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00852-00200688-00200972 second mostly I have seen that various
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00853-00200973-00201182 places we got at or liter per second or
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00854-00201183-00201318 milli bar liter per se
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00855-00201319-00201608 so tour litre per second stories for
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00856-00201609-00201935 pressure liter per second or meter cube
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00857-00201936-00202100 per second will be for the volumetric
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00858-00202101-00202281 flow rate and this is the way normally
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00859-00202282-00202553 the throughput is mentioned assuming an
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00860-00202554-00202806 ideal gas behavior the volumetric flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00861-00202807-00203060 rate V is expressed using ideal gas law
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00862-00203061-00203378 which is nothing but V dot is equal to m
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00863-00203379-00203711 dot RT divided by P and R by M is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00864-00203712-00204011 nothing but a specific gas constant so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00865-00204012-00204207 therefore we awarded this aim as
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00866-00204208-00204432 molecular weight of the respective gases
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00867-00204433-00204633 from the above definition and this has
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00868-00204634-00204812 come from basically PV is equal to MRT
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00869-00204813-00205019 from the definition of throughput now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00870-00205021-00205275 can we put the value of V dot in that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00871-00205276-00205494 equation and therefore what we have is Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00872-00205494-00205773 is equal to P V dot and if you put the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00873-00205773-00205973 value of V dot in this equation this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00874-00205975-00206121 pressure and this pressure will get
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00875-00206121-00206360 cancel out and therefore I will get Q is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00876-00206361-00206729 equal to m dot RT upon capital m so I've
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00877-00206730-00206906 got a relationship between now mass flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00878-00206907-00207194 rate and specific gas constant and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00879-00207196-00207600 temperature to variable Q and here M is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00880-00207601-00207785 the mass flow rate m capital M is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00881-00207786-00208079 molecular weight of the gas t is a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00882-00208080-00208256 temperature or is a universal gas
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00883-00208257-00208589 constant now it is important now to note
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00884-00208590-00208787 that vacuum system involves complex
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00885-00208788-00209046 piping arrangements if I want to vacuum
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00886-00209046-00209301 a particular space I will connect that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00887-00209302-00209523 space by different by having different
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00888-00209523-00209769 piping arrangement and these pipes could
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00889-00209769-00209957 be in parallel to each other these pipes
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00890-00209958-00210246 could be in series with each other and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00891-00210246-00210521 to analyze if I connect pipe of a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00892-00210523-00210776 particular dimensions D and L to another
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00893-00210777-00211004 pipe of D and L it will give me
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00894-00211005-00211277 different throughputs it will give me
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00895-00211278-00211515 different something called as resistance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00896-00211516-00211748 the flow or Delta P and therefore it is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00897-00211750-00211946 very important to understand what
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00898-00211946-00212217 happens if I connect these pipes of a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00899-00212217-00212384 given dimension in series or in parallel
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00900-00212385-00212654 and therefore this series connection and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00901-00212655-00212814 parallel connection could be understood
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00902-00212815-00212976 could be well understood by having
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00903-00212977-00213201 electrical analogy we know Ohm's law
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00904-00213202-00213366 basically we know the resistances in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00905-00213367-00213626 series resistances in parallel and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00906-00213627-00213956 therefore understanding this piping in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00907-00213957-00214159 connection in series and parallel
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00908-00214160-00214413 based on the electrical energy is always
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00909-00214414-00214604 very simple so let us try to understand
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00910-00214605-00214698 that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00911-00214700-00214957 so in order to analyze these systems a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00912-00214958-00215173 mathematical theory is developed based
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00913-00215173-00215362 on an analogy between electrical
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00914-00215363-00215683 circuits and piping systems linear
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00915-00215684-00215871 Transport laws like Ohm's law and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00916-00215873-00216133 Fourier laws are used in formulating the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00917-00216134-00216396 problem so let us understand electrical
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00918-00216398-00216696 analogy we know that when a small
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00919-00216698-00216885 current of I is passed through a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00920-00216886-00217194 resistance which has got a potential
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00921-00217196-00217494 difference of Delta V because certain
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00922-00217496-00217678 resistance which is automatically get
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00923-00217679-00218008 connected by Ohm's Ohm's law so consider
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00924-00218009-00218259 a small electrical conductor as shown
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00925-00218260-00218527 when a current I flows across this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00926-00218528-00218767 conductor there is a voltage drop Delta
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00927-00218767-00219040 V due to the resistance R offered by the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00928-00219041-00219241 conductor and this is very simple and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00929-00219242-00219435 they are related to each other by Ohm's
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00930-00219436-00219717 law these quantities are mathematically
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00931-00219719-00220003 related by Ohm's law as given below
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00932-00220004-00220330 so Ohm's law says Delta V is equal to I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00933-00220331-00220726 into R now can we compare these
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00934-00220727-00220996 electrical circuits of having voltage
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00935-00220996-00221290 difference across a given resistance of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00936-00221291-00221619 length L through which a current I flows
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00937-00221621-00221890 so now let me compare this with a pipe
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00938-00221891-00222340 and days I say that a pipe flow occurs Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00939-00222341-00222744 which is comparable with I and this Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00940-00222746-00223039 occurs only when the Delta P occurs
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00941-00223040-00223273 across the length of the pipe and the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00942-00223273-00223584 length of the pipe is L and Delta P is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00943-00223585-00223765 the pressure drop across the length of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00944-00223766-00224073 the pipe L so similarly consider a fluid
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00945-00224075-00224287 flowing across a small pipe as shown
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00946-00224288-00224566 above so I can now compare electrical
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00947-00224567-00224883 circuit with a pipe so I can see that I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00948-00224884-00225292 gets compared with Q and Delta we can
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00949-00225292-00225619 get compared with Delta P while the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00950-00225619-00225904 resistance is nothing but maybe some
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00951-00225905-00226138 kind of conductance I can get you know
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00952-00226139-00226339 however different parameters which will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00953-00226340-00226552 be and the logos to which will be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00954-00226553-00226726 related to the resistance in the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00955-00226727-00227160 electrical circuit so for a throughput Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00956-00227161-00227464 there is the pressure drop Delta P due
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00957-00227465-00227707 to conductance e offered by this pipe so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00958-00227708-00227871 in pipe normally we do not call
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00959-00227873-00227992 resistance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00960-00227992-00228223 but we refer to this as conductance and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00961-00228223-00228441 therefore what is conductance area
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00962-00228442-00228648 reciprocal of R is nothing but
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00963-00228650-00228873 conductance so if I were the parameter R
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00964-00228875-00229240 in electrical analogy I will say 1 by r
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00965-00229241-00229471 is nothing but conductance so from
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00966-00229471-00229692 electrical circuit I can compare this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00967-00229694-00229861 with the conductance of the pipe and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00968-00229862-00230140 context of the Chi pipe C is related to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00969-00230141-00230563 1 by R of electrical circuit alright so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00970-00230564-00230815 I got three different comparisons I with
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00971-00230816-00231258 Q Delta V with Delta P and C in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00972-00231259-00231502 conductance of pipe to the 1 by R value
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00973-00231503-00231823 in the electrical circuits so comparing
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00974-00231823-00232084 the above figures we have Delta V and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00975-00232085-00232414 all others to Delta P I and all of us to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00976-00232415-00232801 Q and R is analogous to 1 by C now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00977-00232802-00233041 therefore we can write Delta V is equal
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00978-00233042-00233417 to I into R and therefore I can write
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00979-00233419-00233863 Delta P is equal to Q into 1 by C Q is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00980-00233864-00234208 nothing but similar to R I and 1 by C is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00981-00234209-00234484 nothing but similar to R and therefore I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00982-00234485-00234766 will get Delta P is equal to Q by C in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00983-00234767-00235060 our equation for fluid flow in a small
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00984-00235061-00235228 pipe and this is what basically a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00985-00235229-00235507 comparison of fluid mechanics or the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00986-00235508-00235794 flow regimes in vacuum will be with the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00987-00235796-00235966 electrical analogy when the current
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00988-00235967-00236182 flows through a conductor so let us we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00989-00236183-00236386 are just floated a term called C but we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00990-00236387-00236530 are not yet defined and therefore will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00991-00236531-00236692 try to understand what this conductance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00992-00236692-00237042 in a vacuum defined as so conductance is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00993-00237044-00237211 related to Delta P by this equation
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00994-00237212-00237498 Delta P is equal to Q by C and therefore
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00995-00237500-00237787 I can say Q is equal to C into Delta P
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00996-00237788-00238044 it is clear that for a given pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00997-00238046-00238375 drop Delta P across a pipe throughput Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00998-00238376-00238576 is directly proportional to conductance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-00999-00238577-00239094 C alright so for if I got a some value
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01000-00239096-00239439 of Q given over here then I'll have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01001-00239440-00239769 throughput Q directly connected or
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01002-00239771-00240055 directly related to Delta P or directly
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01003-00240056-00240262 connected to conductance C so if C
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01004-00240263-00240565 increases Q increases if my Delta P is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01005-00240566-00240805 given to me so Q will vary in accordance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01006-00240806-00241042 to the variation in C directly they are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01007-00241042-00241213 directly related to each other so if I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01008-00241214-00241341 want to have more
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01009-00241342-00241671 more Q I should increase the conductance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01010-00241671-00241977 of that particular pipe so increase the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01011-00241978-00242267 C increase the value of Q and this will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01012-00242269-00242480 be good for creating vacuum in a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01013-00242481-00242723 particular space for an ideal gas
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01014-00242725-00243059 following equation is holding true q is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01015-00243060-00243356 equal to m dot Garrety upon m this is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01016-00243357-00243696 what we have talked about earlier and we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01017-00243696-00244019 know from here delta p is equal to delta
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01018-00244021-00244365 rho into RT by M this is true with the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01019-00244366-00244817 gas which follows PV is equal to MRT and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01020-00244817-00245096 from where we could conclude that q is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01021-00245098-00245558 equal to m dot RT upon m dot and Delta P
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01022-00245559-00245879 is equal to Q upon C or Delta P is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01023-00245880-00246035 directly getting related to the gas law
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01024-00246036-00246417 by this equation Delta Rho RT by M now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01025-00246417-00246656 substituting these values over in this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01026-00246657-00247121 equation Q and this Q we can put this Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01027-00247123-00247296 is equal to this Q and we can have Delta
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01028-00247296-00247671 P as this over here putting these values
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01029-00247671-00248076 we will get now m dot RT upon M is equal
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01030-00248077-00248507 to C into delta rho RT upon M Delta R is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01031-00248508-00248735 that when density difference so now from
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01032-00248736-00249075 here we can cancel out RT and RT we can
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01033-00249076-00249291 cancel out m and M and we get therefore
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01034-00249292-00249453 relationship between m dot and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01035-00249454-00249905 conductance and Delta Rho from here we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01036-00249906-00250098 can see that therefore this will get
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01037-00250098-00250529 cancelled and I get C is equal to m dot
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01038-00250530-00250701 upon Delta Rho
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01039-00250702-00250892 so no more conductance is nothing but
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01040-00250894-00251165 mass flow rate divided by the Delta Rho
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01041-00251166-00251364 the density difference which is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01042-00251365-00251469 occurring because of the pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01043-00251469-00251691 difference p1 and p2 or the pressure
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01044-00251692-00251915 drop occurring across the length L so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01045-00251916-00252162 conductance for a pipe for different
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01046-00252163-00252378 flow regimes can be now derived by this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01047-00252379-00252678 formula can be derived by reading in the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01048-00252679-00252860 pressure drop mass flow rate equations
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01049-00252861-00253073 derived earlier so let us see all the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01050-00253075-00253269 derivations earlier for continuum flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01051-00253269-00253614 now we will get conductance C is equal
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01052-00253615-00253875 to PI into D to the power 4 P because
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01053-00253876-00254042 now we know that from the earlier
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01054-00254044-00254285 calculation we know that C is equal to m
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01055-00254286-00254616 dot upon Delta Rho I will put this into
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01056-00254617-00254735 all other equations we are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01057-00254736-00254900 which we are calculated for MDOT for
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01058-00254901-00255179 various regimes just divided by Delta
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01059-00255180-00255383 Rho it will cancel out Delta Rho in that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01060-00255384-00255617 particular equation and therefore what
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01061-00255619-00255942 we'll get is for continuum flow we will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01062-00255942-00256199 get C is equal to this conductance is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01063-00256200-00256338 directly provided to the D to the power
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01064-00256339-00256610 4 for a mixed flow for the Knudsen
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01065-00256611-00256791 number between point zero one and point
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01066-00256792-00257006 three we get C is equal to this formula
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01067-00257007-00257223 similar to what we had done earlier and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01068-00257223-00257432 similarly for free molecular region now
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01069-00257433-00257680 we'll get conductance is equal to this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01070-00257681-00258039 what does it mean it means that if I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01071-00258040-00258264 know the length of a pipe if I know the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01072-00258265-00258423 diameter of the pipe if I know the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01073-00258423-00258656 average pressure in the system if I know
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01074-00258657-00258864 the temperature if I know the gas to be
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01075-00258865-00259202 vacuum I can calculate conductance for
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01076-00259203-00259484 that pipe for that gas for a given Delta
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01077-00259485-00259706 P for a given pressure for a given
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01078-00259707-00259907 length and given diameter of the pipe I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01079-00259908-00260159 can calculate conductance of different
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01080-00260160-00260388 pipes many times now we can have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01081-00260389-00260544 standard equations to calculate
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01082-00260544-00260814 conductance for a band for a conductance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01083-00260815-00261032 for a straight length conductance for
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01084-00261033-00261291 diameter changes in the pipe lengths and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01085-00261292-00261473 these are the formula which will help us
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01086-00261474-00261714 to calculate conductance for different
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01087-00261715-00261869 pipes of different lengths and diameters
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01088-00261871-00262130 for different gases and therefore it is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01089-00262131-00262250 very important to know such
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01090-00262251-00262433 relationships which are normally
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01091-00262434-00262740 standardized to understand what happens
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01092-00262741-00262947 to the conductance when you the bend in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01093-00262948-00263147 a pipe when the pipe is straight when
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01094-00263148-00263418 the pipe has got some you know curvature
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01095-00263419-00263678 for example all these equations help us
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01096-00263679-00263919 to calculate conductance of pipe which
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01097-00263920-00264087 ultimately would help us to calculate
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01098-00264088-00264353 the what will the pressure drop that
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01099-00264354-00264578 will happen if I have this vacuum pump
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01100-00264579-00264744 over there or how much time it will take
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01101-00264745-00265017 for me to reach down to the lower and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01102-00265018-00265355 lower vacuum levels for a given pump of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01103-00265356-00265574 the when I connect the vacuum pump to a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01104-00265575-00265958 given space through such pipes all right
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01105-00265959-00266132 so a very important to understand what
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01106-00266133-00266276 is this conductance and how it is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01107-00266277-00266504 related to the operating parameters and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01108-00266505-00266790 the dimensions of the pipe so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01109-00266791-00266978 conductance is vacuum now we can have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01110-00266979-00267155 conductance when the two pipes are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01111-00267156-00267347 connected in series and the pipes could
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01112-00267348-00267551 be connected in parallel the way we have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01113-00267552-00267683 in the resistance is connected in series
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01114-00267684-00267888 and parallel so consider a series
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01115-00267889-00268076 combination of two pipes with C 1 and C
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01116-00268077-00268122 2
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01117-00268123-00268392 as individual conductances respectively
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01118-00268393-00268641 with a delta P 1 and Delta P 2 as the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01119-00268642-00268881 pressure drop happening let Q be the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01120-00268882-00269094 throughput for this pipe it is clear
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01121-00269095-00269367 that a series combination of Q is the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01122-00269368-00269688 same for each pipe Q is going to be the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01123-00269689-00269925 same because whatever Q happens to this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01124-00269926-00270150 pipe the same Q is going through this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01125-00270151-00270537 pipe is similar to I I is the same when
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01126-00270538-00270696 it is entering at this point and is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01127-00270697-00270903 going through this particular resistors
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01128-00270904-00271176 the pressure drop in each pipe are going
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01129-00271177-00271353 to be Delta P 1 and Delta P 2
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01130-00271354-00271545 respectively and therefore we can say
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01131-00271546-00271884 Delta P 1 is equal to Q by C 1 C 1 and C
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01132-00271885-00272115 2 are conductances of this pipe of
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01133-00272116-00272276 different dimensions and length
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01134-00272277-00272493 accordingly we will have Delta P 1 is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01135-00272494-00272730 equal to Q by C 1 and Delta P 2 is equal
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01136-00272731-00273021 to Q by C 2 and what we know let's have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01137-00273022-00273327 a overall conductances conductance as C
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01138-00273328-00273624 0 and let's try to relate that to this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01139-00273625-00273828 and we also know that the overall
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01140-00273829-00274107 pressure drop Delta P is equal to Delta
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01141-00274108-00274380 P 1 plus Delta P 2 so let the overall
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01142-00274381-00274581 conductance and the total pressure drop
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01143-00274582-00274764 in the system with C 0 and Delta P
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01144-00274765-00275001 respectively and what we know therefore
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01145-00275002-00275285 is total for the equation for this is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01146-00275286-00275634 Delta P is equal to Q upon C 0 alright
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01147-00275635-00275928 and we know also Delta P 1 is equal to Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01148-00275929-00276149 by C 1 Delta P 2 is equal to Q by C 2
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01149-00276150-00276474 now I know Delta P is equal to Delta P 1
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01150-00276475-00276798 plus Delta P 2 and therefore I will get
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01151-00276799-00277131 an equation as 1 by C 0 is equal to 1 by
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01152-00277132-00277398 C 1 plus 1 by C 2 where Q and Q will get
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01153-00277399-00277539 cancelled if they are put in this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01154-00277540-00277755 particular equation what does it mean it
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01155-00277756-00277950 means that when the two pipes are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01156-00277951-00278214 connected in series the effective or
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01157-00278215-00278418 overall conductance of these pipes when
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01158-00278419-00278595 they got our C 1 and C 2 your respective
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01159-00278596-00278874 conductances will get 1 by C 0 is equal
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01160-00278875-00279180 to 1 by C 1 plus 1 by C 2 and this is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01161-00279181-00279359 what happens in the resistance in series
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01162-00279360-00279591 1 by C 2 nothing but overall resistance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01163-00279592-00279954 R 0 is equal to R 1 plus R 2 same same
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01164-00279955-00280122 things happen over here when the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01165-00280123-00280347 conductances are getting connected to
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01166-00280348-00280728 each other in series so if I got this we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01167-00280729-00280962 agreed only for two pipes I can have a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01168-00280963-00281208 now n number of pipes so extend into n
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01169-00281209-00281394 pipes in series I will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01170-00281395-00281772 1 upon C 0 is equal to Sigma 1 by CI I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01171-00281773-00282128 ranging from 1 to n in that case so you
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01172-00282129-00282300 find out different pipes connected in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01173-00282301-00282501 series what will I do I will come up
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01174-00282502-00282710 calculate their respective conductances
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01175-00282711-00283058 and get overall conductance calculated
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01176-00283059-00283251 by this formula so 1 upon Z 0 is equal
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01177-00283252-00283464 to 1 upon C 1 plus 1 upon C 2 plus 1
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01178-00283465-00283778 upon C 3 etc would give me the overall
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01179-00283779-00284054 conductance of a given series pipe
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01180-00284055-00284241 connection now let us see what happens
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01181-00284242-00284367 if the pipes are connected in parallel
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01182-00284368-00284625 so similarly consider a parallel
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01183-00284626-00284879 combination of two pipes let's say C 1
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01184-00284880-00285045 and C 2 are the conductances of these
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01185-00285046-00285458 two pipes why as we can say that some Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01186-00285459-00285663 1 will go through this pipe some Q 2
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01187-00285664-00285857 will go through this pipe depending on
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01188-00285858-00286074 the diameters of this pipe let us say
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01189-00286075-00286314 that they're having same length and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01190-00286315-00286539 therefore will have the Delta P
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01191-00286540-00286701 happening across them is going to be the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01192-00286702-00286934 same because the same gas will get split
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01193-00286935-00287121 up or the flow will get split up here
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01194-00287122-00287319 and the flow will come back here as a
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01195-00287320-00287499 result of which the pressure at the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01196-00287500-00287628 entrance and the pressure at the exit
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01197-00287629-00288005 will be same and therefore both in both
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01198-00288006-00288126 these pipes which are connected in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01199-00288127-00288308 parallel the pressure drop is go to the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01200-00288309-00288471 same this was not the case when they
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01201-00288472-00288710 were connected in series so let's see 0
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01202-00288711-00289077 and Q B connect be given and then we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01203-00289078-00289515 have Delta P be the same we know that Q
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01204-00289516-00289767 is equal to C 0 Delta P which is overall
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01205-00289768-00289982 Q and we know that Q is equal to Q 1
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01206-00289983-00290244 plus Q 2 also because Q is coming from
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01207-00290245-00290502 here who is coming out from here when
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01208-00290503-00290663 they are travelling through in this
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01209-00290664-00290885 parallel pipes they're getting split up
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01210-00290886-00291209 into Q 1 and Q 2 and Q 1 is nothing but
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01211-00291210-00291498 C 1 into Delta P Delta P is same all
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01212-00291499-00291825 over Q 2 is equal to C 2 into Delta P
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01213-00291826-00292116 and therefore what we know is Q is equal
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01214-00292117-00292395 to Q 1 plus Q 2 and if I write them
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01215-00292396-00292673 together Delta P Delta P will you get
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01216-00292674-00293013 this is common basically therefore I
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01217-00293014-00293391 will get C 0 is equal to C 1 plus C 2 so
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01218-00293392-00293565 when the pipes of C 1 and C 2
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01219-00293566-00293756 conductances are connected in parallel
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01220-00293757-00294000 to each other the overall conductance we
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01221-00294001-00294393 get added as C 1 plus C 2 directly and
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01222-00294394-00294734 therefore this is the overall
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01223-00294735-00294956 conductance for pipes which are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01224-00294957-00295187 connected in parallel with each other
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01225-00295188-00295514 so extending this to end pipes will have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01226-00295515-00295922 1 C 0 is equal to Sigma CI when I Z
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01227-00295923-00296261 extending from 1 to n pipes so we saw
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01228-00296262-00296468 what is conductance when they are
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01229-00296469-00296651 connected in a series what is overall
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01230-00296652-00296813 conductance when they are connected in
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01231-00296814-00296963 parallel to each other
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01232-00296964-00297308 summarizing this lecture heat in leak is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01233-00297309-00297533 minimized by having vacuum between two
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01234-00297534-00297710 surfaces of different temperatures
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01235-00297711-00297929 lambda which is nothing but mean free
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01236-00297930-00298148 path is defined as the average distance
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01237-00298149-00298358 traveled by the molecules between the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01238-00298359-00298613 subsequent collisions based on Knudsen
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01239-00298614-00298820 number which is lambda by D we have
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01240-00298821-00299042 continuum flow when Knudsen number is
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01241-00299043-00299237 less than point zero one we had a mixed
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01242-00299238-00299357 flow when Knudsen number is between
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01243-00299358-00299579 point zero one and point three and we've
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01244-00299580-00299708 got a free molecular flow when the
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01245-00299709-00299870 nursin number is more than point through
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01246-00299871-00300119 when the lambda is increasing from
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01247-00300120-00300353 continuum flow to free molecular flow
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01248-00300354-00300602 and we know that conductance of pipe
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01249-00300603-00300854 which is connected in a series is 1 by
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01250-00300855-00301193 c0 is equal to Sigma 1 by CI and when
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01251-00301194-00301364 they are connected in parallel we know
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01252-00301365-00301622 that c0 is equal to Sigma CI they will
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01253-00301623-00301814 just get added C 1 plus C 2 plus C 3
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01254-00301815-00303281 exactly thank you very much
PXHQ2oH3Cq4-01255-00303282-00303489 you
Pch2KgNRBxE-00000-00000039-00000630 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00001-00000631-00001239 so
Pch2KgNRBxE-00002-00001240-00003399 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00003-00003400-00004902 so
Pch2KgNRBxE-00004-00004903-00005027 so
Pch2KgNRBxE-00005-00005028-00007631 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00006-00007631-00007861 now
Pch2KgNRBxE-00007-00007862-00008919 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00008-00008920-00009476 so
Pch2KgNRBxE-00009-00009477-00011806 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00010-00011807-00012079 so
Pch2KgNRBxE-00011-00012080-00014030 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00012-00014031-00014313 now
Pch2KgNRBxE-00014-00023448-00023614 [Applause]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00015-00023615-00024316 do
Pch2KgNRBxE-00016-00024317-00025402 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00017-00025403-00026830 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00019-00032689-00034383 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00020-00034384-00034675 do
Pch2KgNRBxE-00023-00050585-00050820 [Applause]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00024-00050821-00051095 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00025-00051096-00051273 so
Pch2KgNRBxE-00026-00051274-00053199 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00027-00053200-00053878 foreign
Pch2KgNRBxE-00028-00053879-00055942 [Music]
Pch2KgNRBxE-00029-00055944-00056151 you
Pcr-G2qKRMk-00000-00000005-00000038 [Music]
Pcr-G2qKRMk-00001-00000039-00000238 h.p lovecraft tries to warn a community
Pcr-G2qKRMk-00002-00000239-00000375 about an otherworldly threat
Pcr-G2qKRMk-00003-00000376-00000607 but they won't listen aliens infest the
Pcr-G2qKRMk-00004-00000608-00000839 town trying to act human but failing
Pcr-G2qKRMk-00005-00000840-00001303 it is my soul that calls upon thy name
Pcr-G2qKRMk-00006-00001304-00001470 is there no way to defeat this menace
Pcr-G2qKRMk-00007-00001471-00001663 before they take over see the threat
Pcr-G2qKRMk-00008-00001664-00001895 faced in reefer madness next time on the
Pcr-G2qKRMk-00009-00001896-00002888 busan midnight movie
Pd2wFnqOtIg-00000-00000166-00000531 [Music]
Pd2wFnqOtIg-00001-00000532-00000747 do you need model kits for the upcoming
Pd2wFnqOtIg-00002-00000748-00001017 build a monster contest well if so check
Pd2wFnqOtIg-00003-00001018-00001391 out what we have to offer at
Pd2wFnqOtIg-00004-00001392-00001641 www.monster.hobbys.ca by clicking on
Pd2wFnqOtIg-00005-00001642-00001887 this icon right here which will take you
Pd2wFnqOtIg-00006-00001888-00002244 directly to our website
PeRwPGNP8Og-00000-00001803-00003342 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00001-00003343-00004759 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00002-00004760-00004943 welcome new intern to the department of
PeRwPGNP8Og-00003-00004944-00005047 fish
PeRwPGNP8Og-00004-00005048-00005335 my name is classified and in this series
PeRwPGNP8Og-00005-00005336-00005495 of training videos i'll be teaching you
PeRwPGNP8Og-00006-00005496-00005631 everything you need to know about your
PeRwPGNP8Og-00007-00005632-00005975 new job in case you were unfamiliar fish
PeRwPGNP8Og-00008-00005976-00006086 stands for
PeRwPGNP8Og-00009-00006087-00006183 fish
PeRwPGNP8Og-00010-00006184-00006295 interstate
PeRwPGNP8Og-00011-00006296-00006503 security
PeRwPGNP8Og-00012-00006504-00006798 department
PeRwPGNP8Og-00013-00006800-00007046 these are your judges their names are
PeRwPGNP8Og-00014-00007047-00007278 classified
PeRwPGNP8Og-00015-00007279-00007391 and john
PeRwPGNP8Og-00016-00007392-00007567 not to be confused with our other intern
PeRwPGNP8Og-00017-00007568-00007831 whose name is also classified
PeRwPGNP8Og-00018-00007831-00008039 they will give you a score out of 10 for
PeRwPGNP8Og-00019-00008040-00008223 each location that you are assigned to
PeRwPGNP8Og-00020-00008224-00008391 if you know basic math then you'll know
PeRwPGNP8Og-00021-00008392-00008695 the maximum score each time is 15.
PeRwPGNP8Og-00022-00008696-00008799 what's that
PeRwPGNP8Og-00023-00008800-00009006 30. the maximum score is 30. blamejohn
PeRwPGNP8Og-00024-00009007-00009199 for that one the intern if you score a
PeRwPGNP8Og-00025-00009200-00009383 15 or higher your performance will be
PeRwPGNP8Og-00026-00009384-00009559 deemed acceptable and you'll be able to
PeRwPGNP8Og-00027-00009560-00009735 move on to your next assignment if there
PeRwPGNP8Og-00028-00009736-00009935 is one score anything lower than that
PeRwPGNP8Og-00029-00009936-00010103 and you'll have to redo the assignment
PeRwPGNP8Og-00030-00010104-00010335 until you can meet our standards
PeRwPGNP8Og-00031-00010336-00010471 is there anything else
PeRwPGNP8Og-00032-00010472-00010710 oh right what is your job you'll be
PeRwPGNP8Og-00033-00010711-00010895 assigned to areas of road transportation
PeRwPGNP8Og-00034-00010896-00011014 where something is happening like
PeRwPGNP8Og-00035-00011015-00011327 construction or classified your job is
PeRwPGNP8Og-00036-00011328-00011527 to stop any fish from entering any of
PeRwPGNP8Og-00037-00011528-00011814 these potentially unsafe areas we use a
PeRwPGNP8Og-00038-00011815-00011999 tool known as a stop sign in order to
PeRwPGNP8Og-00039-00012000-00012246 successfully stop the fish you can use
PeRwPGNP8Og-00040-00012247-00012503 the a key the space key or the left and
PeRwPGNP8Og-00041-00012504-00012695 right mouse buttons in order to input a
PeRwPGNP8Og-00042-00012696-00012935 stop sign if you input too early or too
PeRwPGNP8Og-00043-00012936-00013158 late you'll miss so please try not to do
PeRwPGNP8Og-00044-00013159-00013319 that
PeRwPGNP8Og-00045-00013319-00013511 one more thing that's very important we
PeRwPGNP8Og-00046-00013512-00013735 occasionally have spaghetti night do not
PeRwPGNP8Og-00047-00013736-00013903 miss spaghetti night you'll thank me
PeRwPGNP8Og-00048-00013904-00014015 later
PeRwPGNP8Og-00049-00014016-00014166 well i'll see you in your first training
PeRwPGNP8Og-00050-00014168-00015008 video good luck
PeRwPGNP8Og-00051-00015009-00015822 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00052-00015823-00015991 the tuna fish has a very simple pattern
PeRwPGNP8Og-00053-00015991-00016150 of movement which makes it perfect for
PeRwPGNP8Og-00054-00016151-00016294 your first training
PeRwPGNP8Og-00055-00016295-00016447 a clip is about to be played of a
PeRwPGNP8Og-00056-00016448-00016694 successful savage of a tuna fish please
PeRwPGNP8Og-00057-00016695-00016898 watch carefully
PeRwPGNP8Og-00058-00016899-00017158 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00059-00017159-00017311 we'll play the clip one more time for
PeRwPGNP8Og-00060-00017312-00017516 you since it is your first training
PeRwPGNP8Og-00061-00017517-00017775 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00062-00017776-00017958 an easy way to remember this fish buy is
PeRwPGNP8Og-00063-00017959-00018286 that a tuna takes two beats to stop
PeRwPGNP8Og-00064-00018287-00018479 well it actually doesn't it takes three
PeRwPGNP8Og-00065-00018480-00018775 beats because it's one two three that's
PeRwPGNP8Og-00066-00018776-00019396 all for this training video good luck
PeRwPGNP8Og-00067-00019397-00020192 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00069-00026708-00026862 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00070-00026863-00027508 yes
PeRwPGNP8Og-00071-00027510-00028318 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00072-00028319-00028470 salmon are widely known for their
PeRwPGNP8Og-00073-00028472-00028702 ability to swim upstream and also for
PeRwPGNP8Og-00074-00028704-00028855 forgetting to order spaghetti on
PeRwPGNP8Og-00075-00028856-00029039 spaghetti night when it was clearly
PeRwPGNP8Og-00076-00029039-00029199 their turn
PeRwPGNP8Og-00077-00029200-00029462 john
PeRwPGNP8Og-00078-00029463-00029655 because they swim upstream they will try
PeRwPGNP8Og-00079-00029656-00029870 to avoid any stop sign by swimming above
PeRwPGNP8Og-00080-00029872-00030087 it this means you must use two stop
PeRwPGNP8Og-00081-00030088-00030295 signs in order to successfully stop this
PeRwPGNP8Og-00082-00030295-00030374 fish
PeRwPGNP8Og-00083-00030375-00030670 observe
PeRwPGNP8Og-00084-00030672-00030790 you got that
PeRwPGNP8Og-00085-00030791-00033031 well we hope so good luck out there
PeRwPGNP8Og-00086-00033032-00033736 so
PeRwPGNP8Og-00087-00033737-00036691 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00089-00040525-00040767 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00090-00040768-00041491 wow
PeRwPGNP8Og-00091-00041492-00042255 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00092-00042256-00042518 barracuda are fast and aggressive like
PeRwPGNP8Og-00093-00042519-00042695 me on spaghetti night
PeRwPGNP8Og-00094-00042696-00042879 their timing is not the easiest to
PeRwPGNP8Og-00095-00042880-00043062 understand so please watch this video
PeRwPGNP8Og-00096-00043063-00043495 carefully
PeRwPGNP8Og-00097-00043496-00043758 my advice for this fish is simple
PeRwPGNP8Og-00098-00043759-00044207 don't miss
PeRwPGNP8Og-00099-00044208-00045890 good luck
PeRwPGNP8Og-00100-00045891-00047039 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00101-00047040-00047230 so
PeRwPGNP8Og-00102-00047231-00047808 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00104-00052304-00054346 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00105-00054347-00055180 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00106-00055182-00055942 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00107-00055944-00056126 sailfish are commonly regarded as the
PeRwPGNP8Og-00108-00056127-00056391 fastest fish in the entire world unless
PeRwPGNP8Og-00109-00056391-00056519 you count me on my way to spaghetti
PeRwPGNP8Og-00110-00056520-00056654 night
PeRwPGNP8Og-00111-00056655-00057142 pay close attention to this clip
PeRwPGNP8Og-00112-00057144-00057311 have you been to one of our spaghetti
PeRwPGNP8Og-00113-00057312-00057487 nights yet i hope so because if you
PeRwPGNP8Og-00114-00057488-00057671 haven't it is life-changing all right
PeRwPGNP8Og-00115-00057672-00057894 just trust me on that go to spaghetti
PeRwPGNP8Og-00116-00057895-00059151 night all right anyway good luck
PeRwPGNP8Og-00117-00059152-00061066 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00119-00066093-00067468 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00121-00071452-00072260 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00123-00076429-00079020 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00124-00079021-00079740 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00125-00079741-00080516 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00127-00084085-00084550 [Music]
PeRwPGNP8Og-00128-00084551-00084760 you