Datasets:

gabrielaltay

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pubtator-central-bigbio-kb-2022-12-18

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[ { "id": "765392_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Introduction to \"Recent developments in the 'socialogy of mental illness'\"." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 75 ] ] }, { "id": "765392_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 76 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23762409_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Breast cancer antiestrogen resistance 3 (BCAR3) promotes cell motility by regulating actin cytoskeletal and adhesion remodeling in invasive breast cancer cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 160 ] ] }, { "id": "23762409_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Metastatic breast cancer is incurable. In order to improve patient survival, it is critical to develop a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate metastasis and the underlying process of cell motility. Here, we focus on the role of the adaptor molecule Breast Cancer Antiestrogen Resistance 3 (BCAR3) in cellular processes that contribute to cell motility, including protrusion, adhesion remodeling, and contractility. Previous work from our group showed that elevated BCAR3 protein levels enhance cell migration, while depletion of BCAR3 reduces the migratory and invasive capacities of breast cancer cells. In the current study, we show that BCAR3 is necessary for membrane protrusiveness, Rac1 activity, and adhesion disassembly in invasive breast cancer cells. We further demonstrate that, in the absence of BCAR3, RhoA-dependent signaling pathways appear to predominate, as evidenced by an increase in RhoA activity, ROCK-mediated phosphorylation of myosin light chain II, and large ROCK/mDia1-dependent focal adhesions. Taken together, these data establish that BCAR3 functions as a positive regulator of cytoskeletal remodeling and adhesion turnover in invasive breast cancer cells through its ability to influence the balance between Rac1 and RhoA signaling. Considering that BCAR3 protein levels are elevated in advanced breast cancer cell lines and enhance breast cancer cell motility, we propose that BCAR3 functions in the transition to advanced disease by triggering intracellular signaling events that are essential to the metastatic process." ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 1739 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23762409_8412_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Breast cancer antiestrogen resistance 3" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 39 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_8412_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BCAR3" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_MESH:D001943_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "invasive breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 153 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_MESH:D001943_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 185 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 227 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_8412_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Breast Cancer Antiestrogen Resistance 3" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 475 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_8412_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BCAR3" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 482 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_8412_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BCAR3" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_8412_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BCAR3" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_MESH:D001943_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 771, 784 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_8412_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BCAR3" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 832 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_5879_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Rac1" ], "offsets": [ [ 875, 879 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5879" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_MESH:D001943_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "invasive breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 940 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_8412_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BCAR3" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_387_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RhoA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1002, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "387" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_387_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RhoA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1094 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "387" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_13367_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mDia1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1176, 1181 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "13367" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_8412_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BCAR3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1251, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_MESH:D001943_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "invasive breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1343, 1365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_5879_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Rac1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1429 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5879" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_387_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RhoA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1434, 1438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "387" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_8412_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BCAR3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1467, 1472 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_MESH:D001943_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1513, 1526 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_MESH:D001943_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1550, 1563 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "23762409_8412_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BCAR3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1595, 1600 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8412" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5654961_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Allergy, convulsive disorders and epilepsy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ] }, { "id": "5654961_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 44 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5654961_MESH:D004342_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Allergy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004342" } ] }, { "id": "5654961_MESH:D012640_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "convulsive disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012640" } ] }, { "id": "5654961_MESH:D004827_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epilepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 42 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31404573_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Time-series analysis of National Residency Matching Program data for the dermatology match in the United States." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 112 ] ] }, { "id": "31404573_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 113 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4512166_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Bacterial flora of newborn infants in the external auditory canal and other sites." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 82 ] ] }, { "id": "4512166_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 83 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4512166_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18501116_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Resveratrol improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMP-activated protein kinase." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 98 ] ] }, { "id": "18501116_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "AIM: To investigate whether resveratrol (RSV) can improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to find the possible mechanism. METHODS: Rats fed a high-fat diet were treated with RSV. The liver histology was observed. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed to assess insulin sensitivity. Fat accumulation was induced in HepG2 cells, and the cells were treated with RSV. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation levels were determined both in the animal study and cell study. RESULTS: Rats fed a high-fat diet developed abdominal obesity, NAFLD, and insulin resistance (IR), which were markedly improved by 10 weeks of RSV administration. RSV treatment prevented triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation in HepG2 cells that were incubated with high concentration of glucose and insulin. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that RSV treatment could promote the phosphorylation of AMPK, which in this study, suppressed 2 lipogenesis gene expressions, contributing to the improvement of NAFLD and IR. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that by reducing TG accumulation and improving IR, RSV could protect the liver from NAFLD. The activation of AMPK was involved in the mechanism. RSV has the therapeutic potential for preventing or treating NAFLD and IR-related metabolic disorders." ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 1404 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18501116_MESH:D000077185_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Resveratrol" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077185" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D005234_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcoholic fatty liver disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005234" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_5564_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AMP-activated protein kinase" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5564" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D000077185_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "resveratrol" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077185" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D000077185_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077185" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D005234_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcoholic fatty liver disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005234" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_10116_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D000077185_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 290 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077185" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D044903_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hyperinsulinemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044903" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_3630_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_CVCL_0027;NCBITaxID:9606_10", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "HepG2" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 442 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0027;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D000077185_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 485 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077185" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_5564_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AMP-activated protein kinase" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 515 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5564" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_5564_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AMPK" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 521 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5564" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_10116_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 616 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D056128_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "abdominal obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 647, 664 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056128" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_3630_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D000077185_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 749 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077185" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D000077185_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 769 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077185" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D014280_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "triacylglycerol" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 805 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014280" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D014280_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TG" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014280" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_CVCL_0027;NCBITaxID:9606_21", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "HepG2" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 832 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0027;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D005947_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 886, 893 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_3630_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 905 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D000077185_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 953, 956 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077185" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_5564_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AMPK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5564" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D014280_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1176 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014280" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D000077185_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1208, 1211 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077185" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_5564_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AMPK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1266, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5564" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D000077185_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1302, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077185" } ] }, { "id": "18501116_MESH:D008659_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "metabolic disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1403 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008659" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "980406_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Microstrabismus." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ] }, { "id": "980406_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 17 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "980406_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Microstrabismus" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11328334_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Electrophysiological measures and dual-task performance in Tourette syndrome indicate deficient divided attention mechanisms." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 125 ] ] }, { "id": "11328334_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Tourette syndrome has been associated with impairments of attentional functions such as distractability, even in subjects without co-morbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Based on the results of earlier research we hypothesized that Tourette syndrome patients might employ altered control mechanisms of attentional processes and have concurrent difficulties in allocating their attentional resources among competing tasks. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a group of Tourette syndrome patients and in a matched control group during a dual task experiment. This experiment required the simultaneous detection of visual and auditory target stimuli which were manipulated to yield two different difficulty levels each of which were varied orthogonally. The behavioural parameters confirmed the intended performance differences between difficult-to-detect targets and easy-to-detect targets. This was paralleled by lower amplitudes and longer latencies of the corresponding P3b-ERP subcomponents. Although Tourette syndrome patients were unimpaired in overall performance they showed an increased interference of visual task demands with auditory target perception. In parallel they also exhibited a reduced amplitude of the P3b component to auditory targets. The findings show that Tourette syndrome patients are not generally impaired in their dual task performance. The allocation of attentional resources to competing tasks however, is altered. We speculate that this may be related to deficient inhibitory functions." ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 1676 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11328334_MESH:D005879_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tourette syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 76 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005879" } ] }, { "id": "11328334_MESH:D005879_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tourette syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005879" } ] }, { "id": "11328334_MESH:D001289_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001289" } ] }, { "id": "11328334_MESH:D005879_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tourette syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 387 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005879" } ] }, { "id": "11328334_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 396 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11328334_MESH:D005879_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tourette syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 643 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005879" } ] }, { "id": "11328334_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11328334_MESH:D005879_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tourette syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1178 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005879" } ] }, { "id": "11328334_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1187 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11328334_MESH:D005879_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tourette syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005879" } ] }, { "id": "11328334_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1456, 1464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7558161_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effects of sodium fusidate in animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and septic shock." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 100 ] ] }, { "id": "7558161_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We have evaluated the effects of the novel immunosuppressant sodium fusidate (fusidin) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and in D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-presensitized BALB/c mice challenged with the bacterial superantigen, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) or with the endotoxin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The NOD mouse model has clinical and histoimmunological features similar to those of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The SEB- and LPS-treated BALB/c mouse models exhibit pathogenic similarities with human septic shock conditions. In the NOD mouse, fusidin suppressed the spontaneous development of insulitis (mean inhibition 73%) and hyperglycaemia (IDDM incidence 25% versus 0%) when administered at 40 mg/kg five times weekly for 8 consecutive weeks from the fourth week of age; concurrently treated animals exhibited reduced percentages of splenic T lymphocytes. This anti-diabetogenic effect was confirmed in the accelerated model of diabetes induced in the NOD mouse with cyclophosphamide (CY) (IDDM incidence 55% versus 21-6% using dosages of fusidin from 40 to 80 mg/kg five times weekly); protection from IDDM development was achieved even when the drug (80 mg/kg/day) was first administered 7 days after CY challenge. In contrast, fusidin did not reverse hyperglycaemia when administered to CY-treated animals within 3 days of IDDM development. In the two models of septic shock, prophylactic treatment with fusidin, 80 mg/kg given three times for 2 days prior to D-Gal/SEB or D-Gal/LPS challenge, drastically reduced the lethality compared with D-Gal/buffer-treated mice. This effect may depend on the inhibitory action of fusidin on the secretion of cytokines such as interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, the serum levels of which were greatly diminished in the fusidin-treated mice (mean inhibition 50-90%). These results demonstrate that fusidin may have a role in the treatment of cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and cytokine-mediated infectious diseases in humans." ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 2148 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7558161_MESH:D005672_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium fusidate" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 26 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005672" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003922_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 82 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003922" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D012772_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "septic shock" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012772" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D005672_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium fusidate" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005672" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D005672_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fusidin" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005672" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003920_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obese diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_10090_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 225 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "D-galactosamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "D-Gal" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 255 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_10090_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_562_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D008070_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipopolysaccharide" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008070" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D008070_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LPS" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 432 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008070" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_10090_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 448 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 525 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003922_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 561 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003922" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003922_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IDDM" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 567 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003922" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D008070_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LPS" ], "offsets": [ [ 583, 586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008070" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_10090_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 607 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D012772_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "septic shock conditions" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 681 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012772" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_10090_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 699 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D005672_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fusidin" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 708 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005672" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003922_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IDDM" ], "offsets": [ [ 803, 807 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003922" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003920_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1091, 1099 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_10090_25", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1124 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003520_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1146 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003520" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003520_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CY" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003520" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003922_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IDDM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003922" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D005672_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fusidin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1202, 1209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005672" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003922_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IDDM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1266, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003922" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003520_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CY" ], "offsets": [ [ 1366, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003520" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D005672_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fusidin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005672" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003520_33", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CY" ], "offsets": [ [ 1453, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003520" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003922_34", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IDDM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1489, 1493 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003922" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D012772_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "septic shock" ], "offsets": [ [ 1528, 1540 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012772" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D005672_36", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fusidin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1570, 1577 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005672" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_-_37", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "D-Gal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1626, 1631 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_-_38", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "D-Gal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1639, 1644 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D008070_39", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LPS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1645, 1648 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008070" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_-_40", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "D-Gal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1708, 1713 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_10090_41", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1729, 1733 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D005672_42", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fusidin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1786, 1793 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005672" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_15978_43", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1832, 1881 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15978" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D005672_44", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fusidin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1940, 1947 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005672" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_10090_45", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1956, 1960 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D005672_46", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fusidin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2018, 2025 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005672" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D001327_47", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autoimmune diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 2076, 2095 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001327" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_MESH:D003141_48", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infectious diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 2118, 2137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003141" } ] }, { "id": "7558161_9606_49", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 2141, 2147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19946196_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[A case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "19946196_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A 61-year-old man was referred to our department because of painless and stony hard mass beside the left testis. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin were within normal ranges. The ultrasonography of the mass showed almost homogenous and relatively low intensity echogram. The mass which derived from the left spermatic cord and was partially surrounded by fat-like soft and yellow tissue, was removed with the left testis by usual orchiectomy. Histopathological diagnosis was liposarcoma, whose subtype was dedifferentiated type derived from well differentiated type. Postoperatively, a para-aortic mass, which resembled lymphnode metastasis, was pointed by computed tomographic scan and was removed surgically. However, it was histopathologically diagnosed as neurogenicganglioma irrelevant to liposarcoma. He has been free of disease for about 1 year without any adjuvant therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 1000 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19946196_MESH:D008080_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liposarcoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 39 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008080" } ] }, { "id": "19946196_174_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "alpha-fetoprotein" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 233 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "174" } ] }, { "id": "19946196_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 243 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19946196_MESH:D008080_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liposarcoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 605 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008080" } ] }, { "id": "19946196_MESH:D008080_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liposarcoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 924 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008080" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19472461_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Trainee doctors' hours. Time is running out to hit the working hours target." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 76 ] ] }, { "id": "19472461_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 77 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16688023_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Information and low back pain management: a systematic review." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ] }, { "id": "16688023_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "STUDY DESIGN: A systematic search of three electronic databases was done to identify randomized controlled trials on the effect of written or audiovisual information in low back pain. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether information is an effective preventive action and/or therapy for low back pain and which type of information is most effective. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Information is commonly used in the primary care of low back pain and mostly delivered by booklets. METHODS: A systematic computer-aided search of the Medline, PsyclInfo, and Embase database. A rating system was used to assess the strength of the evidence, based on the methodologic quality of the randomized controlled trials, the relevance of the outcome measures, and the consistency of the results. RESULTS: Eleven randomized controlled trials were selected, including seven trials of high methodologic quality, as well as one parallel group controlled survey and one longitudinal study. Only three of the seven high-quality studies showed favorable results for information. There is strong evidence that a booklet increases knowledge and moderate evidence that physician-related cues increase the confidence in a booklet and adherence to exercises. There is limited evidence that a biopsychosocial booklet is more efficient than a biomedical booklet to shift patient's beliefs about physical activity, pain, and consequences of low back trouble. There is strong evidence that booklets are not efficient on absenteeism and conflicting evidence that they are efficient on healthcare use. There is no evidence that e-mail discussion or video programs alone are effective to reduce low back pain, disability, and healthcare costs. CONCLUSIONS: Information based on a biopsychosocial model is recommended in primary care to shift patient beliefs on low back pain. Nevertheless, information delivery alone is not sufficient to prevent absenteeism and reduce healthcare costs." ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 2010 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16688023_MESH:D017116_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "low back pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017116" } ] }, { "id": "16688023_MESH:D017116_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "low back pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 245 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017116" } ] }, { "id": "16688023_MESH:D017116_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "low back pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017116" } ] }, { "id": "16688023_MESH:D017116_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "low back pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017116" } ] }, { "id": "16688023_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1407 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16688023_MESH:D010146_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1447 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "16688023_MESH:D017116_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "low back pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1719, 1732 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017116" } ] }, { "id": "16688023_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1866, 1873 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16688023_MESH:D017116_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "low back pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1885, 1898 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017116" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16691749_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Case of Sarcoma of the Conjunctiva." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 35 ] ] }, { "id": "16691749_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 36 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16691749_MESH:C563620_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Sarcoma of the Conjunctiva" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C563620" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2945218_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The scrotal myocutaneous flap." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ] }, { "id": "2945218_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The scrotum is a thermoregulatory, well-vascularized structure formed by skin and nonstriated muscle with unique elastic properties. This makes it an ideal source of tissue coverage for problem wounds in its vicinity. Two patients in which scrotal musculocutaneous flaps were used are reported: one, a paraplegic, with a recurrent ischioperineal decubitus ulcer, and another with an ulcer of the penis with exposed Dacron graft previously placed to treat Peyronie's disease. After reviewing the anatomy of the scrotum and the existent literature, we studied scrotal vascularity in a fresh specimen by transillumination. Based on our experience, we conclude that this flap is easy to perform, reliable, and very useful for wounds around the perineal region." ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 787 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2945218_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 261 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2945218_MESH:D003668_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "decubitus ulcer" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 392 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003668" } ] }, { "id": "2945218_MESH:D014456_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ulcer" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 419 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014456" } ] }, { "id": "2945218_MESH:D010411_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Peyronie's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 504 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010411" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15044618_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme by a selective antagonist protects brain from focal ischemic injury in rats." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 136 ] ] }, { "id": "15044618_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is an immunomodulatory and proinflammatory cytokine implicated in neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in response to cerebral ischemia. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE or ADAM17) is a key sheddase that releases TNFalpha from its inactive cell-bound precursor. Using a selective small molecule inhibitor of TACE, DPH-067517, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of TNFalpha formation might have a salutary effect in ischemic stroke induced by embolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). DPH-067517 selectively inhibited TACE enzyme activity in vitro (K(i) = 2.8 nM), and effectively suppressed ischemia-induced increase in soluble TNFalpha in brain tissue after systemic administration. DPH-067517 (3 and 30 mg/kg, i.p. administered 15 min before MCAO) produced 43% (n = 8, p = 0.16) and 58% (n = 8, p < 0.05) reduction in infarct size and 36% (p < 0.05) and 23% (p < 0.05) reduction in neurological deficits, respectively. The salutary effect of DPH-067517 in ischemic brain injury was also observed when the first dose was administrated 60 min after the onset of ischemia. Inhibition of TACE had no effect on apoptosis measured by levels of active caspase-3 expression and DNA fragmentation. Our data suggest that inhibition of TACE might be a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection after focal ischemic stroke." ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 1538 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15044618_MESH:D009336_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor necrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009336" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D003324_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_24835_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Tumor necrosis factor alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_24835_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNFalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D009410_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuroinflammation and neuronal damage" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 279 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009410" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D002545_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cerebral ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 312 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002545" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D009336_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tumor necrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009336" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_57027_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57027" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_57027_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADAM17" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 375 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57027" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_24835_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNFalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_57027_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57027" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:C483838_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DPH-067517" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C483838" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_24835_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNFalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 574 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D002544_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 632 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002544" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D020244_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "embolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 691 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020244" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D020244_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MCAO" ], "offsets": [ [ 693, 697 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020244" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:C483838_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DPH-067517" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 710 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C483838" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_57027_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 733, 737 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57027" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D007511_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_24835_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNFalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 844, 852 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:C483838_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DPH-067517" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 910 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C483838" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D020244_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MCAO" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 964 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020244" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D009461_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurological deficits" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009461" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:C483838_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DPH-067517" ], "offsets": [ [ 1160, 1170 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C483838" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D001930_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001930" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D007511_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1278, 1286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_57027_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1302, 1306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57027" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_25402_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "caspase-3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1363, 1372 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "25402" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_57027_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1447 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57027" } ] }, { "id": "15044618_MESH:D002544_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1522, 1537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002544" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21238917_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Shedding light on mammalian microautophagy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ] }, { "id": "21238917_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "ESCRT complexes are implicated in mediating membrane protein degradation, whereas hsc70 mediates cytosolic protein degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Sahu et al. (2011) describe in mammalian cells the involvement of ESCRT complexes and hsc70 in the degradation of cytosolic proteins in a process resembling microautophagy." ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 414 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21238917_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 27 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21238917_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17530139_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Analgesia and sedation in children: practical approach for the most frequent situations." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 88 ] ] }, { "id": "17530139_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVES: To review the most frequent recommendations, doses and routes of administration of sedatives, analgesics, and muscle relaxants in children, as well as the methods for monitoring the level of sedation. SOURCES: Review of the literature using the MEDLINE database and review of the experience in pediatric intensive care units. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: The continuous administration of analgesics and sedatives prevents the development of undersedation and is less demanding in terms of care than intermittent administration. Midazolam is the most commonly used drug for continuous sedation of critically ill children. Opioid derivatives and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most widely used analgesics in critically ill children. Opioids combined with benzodiazepines, given in continuous infusion, are the drugs of choice in mechanically ventilated children, especially morphine and fentanyl. The use of protocols and monitoring through clinical scores and objective methods (e.g. bispectral index) allow adjusting medication more appropriately, preventing oversedation, undersedation, and the withdrawal syndrome. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, noise control, adequate use of light, massage, conversation with the patient, are ancillary measures that help children to adapt to the adverse hospital environment. CONCLUSIONS: Sedation should be tailored to each child for each specific situation. Protocols that facilitate the correct selection of drugs, their appropriate administration and careful monitoring improve the quality of sedation and analgesia and avoid their adverse effects." ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 1728 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17530139_MESH:D000699_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000699" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_MESH:D008874_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 634 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008874" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_MESH:D016638_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "critically ill" ], "offsets": [ [ 693, 707 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016638" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 708, 716 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_MESH:D016638_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "critically ill" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 831 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016638" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 840 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_MESH:D001569_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 879 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001569" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 962, 970 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_MESH:D009020_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 991 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009020" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_MESH:D005283_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fentanyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005283" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_MESH:D013375_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "withdrawal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013375" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1355, 1362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1397, 1405 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17530139_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 1501, 1506 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23062911_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Erlotinib-induced bullous pemphigoid." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 37 ] ] }, { "id": "23062911_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 38 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23062911_MESH:D000069347_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Erlotinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069347" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4150266_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Menacing tachycardial arrhythmias]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 36 ] ] }, { "id": "4150266_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 37 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4150266_MESH:D001145_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tachycardial arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001145" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9869304_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Job strain and ambulatory blood pressure among female white-collar workers." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 75 ] ] }, { "id": "9869304_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVES: The association between job strain and ambulatory blood pressure was studied among female white-collar workers. METHODS: This cross-sectional investigation studied 210 women in high- or low-strain jobs randomly selected from 3183 women of all ages, employed as white-collar workers. The women wore an ambulatory blood pressure monitor for 24 hours during a workday. Mean blood pressures were calculated. Psychological demands and decisional latitude were measured twice (14 months before and 7 days before the blood pressure measurement) with 2 scales recommended by Karasek. RESULTS: Significant differences in blood pressure were found according to current job strain among the women holding a university degree. Their mean blood pressures during work were significantly higher [8.0 mm Hg (1.1 kPa) systolic and 6.4 mm Hg (0.8 kPa) diastolic blood pressure] in the high-strain group than in the low-strain group. Statistically significant elevations in blood pressure over the 24-hour period were also found for women with a university degree. Cumulative exposure to high strain over 14 months was also significantly associated with high systolic blood pressure at work, in the evening, and over a 24-hour period irrespective of other factors related to blood pressure. Among the women without a university degree, the blood pressure differences observed between the job strain groups were less than 1 mm Hg (0.1 kPa) and not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide support for the effect of job strain on ambulatory blood pressure only among female white-collar workers holding a university degree." ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 1711 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9869304_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 261 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9869304_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9869304_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9869304_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 773 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9869304_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9869304_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1375 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3139000_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Treatment of rats with glucagon, vasointestinal peptide or secretin has a different effect on bilirubin and p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 148 ] ] }, { "id": "3139000_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 149 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3139000_10116_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "3139000_24952_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "glucagon" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24952" } ] }, { "id": "3139000_24769_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "secretin" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24769" } ] }, { "id": "3139000_MESH:D001663_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bilirubin" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 103 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001663" } ] }, { "id": "3139000_MESH:C024836_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "p-nitrophenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C024836" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33716915_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Editorial: Behavioral Immune System: Its Psychological Bases and Functions." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 75 ] ] }, { "id": "33716915_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 76 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35992056_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Doppelganger spotting in biomedical gene expression data." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 57 ] ] }, { "id": "35992056_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Doppelganger effects (DEs) occur when samples exhibit chance similarities such that, when split across training and validation sets, inflates the trained machine learning (ML) model performance. This inflationary effect causes misleading confidence on the deployability of the model. Thus, so far, there are no tools for doppelganger identification or standard practices to manage their confounding implications. We present doppelgangerIdentifier, a software suite for doppelganger identification and verification. Applying doppelgangerIdentifier across a multitude of diseases and data types, we show the pervasive nature of DEs in biomedical gene expression data. We also provide guidelines toward proper doppelganger identification by exploring the ramifications of lingering batch effects from batch imbalances on the sensitivity of our doppelganger identification algorithm. We suggest doppelganger verification as a useful procedure to establish baselines for model evaluation that may inform on whether feature selection and ML on the data set may yield meaningful insights." ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 1139 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35992056_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DEs" ], "offsets": [ [ 684, 687 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15240090_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The symptom experience of hospitalised Chinese children and adolescents and relationship to pre-hospital factors and behaviour problems." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 136 ] ] }, { "id": "15240090_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: To describe the symptom experience of hospitalised Chinese children and adolescents and examine the relationship of symptoms to pre-hospital factors and child behaviour. METHODS: Data were collected at two hospital sites in Hong Kong (HK) and at five hospitals in the Chinese Mainland (CM). A total of 307 hospitalised children and adolescents (ages 2-18) and their primary caregiver (e.g., mother, father or grandparent) participated in the study. Children and adolescents completed an age-appropriate symptom diary on one evening and subsequent morning early in their hospital stay. Parents completed the diary for the children less than 6 years of age. Parents also completed an age-appropriate Chinese version of the Child Behaviour Checklist. RESULTS: Over 50% of the children and adolescents reported some degree of pain, 75% of them reported evening tiredness, and 21% reported gastrointestinal symptoms. The intensity of symptoms varied by age and region and symptoms often co-occurred. Greater symptom burden was predicted by previous surgery, higher level of worst pain prior to hospitalisation, parent report of child behaviour problems, and co-occurrence of other symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalised Chinese children manifest symptoms of pain, tiredness, and gastrointestinal distress that vary based on pre-hospital factors and are associated with child behaviour problems. Further research is needed to identify causes and treatments for children's symptoms." ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 1618 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15240090_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 304 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 473 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 603 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 775 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Child" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 872 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 927 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_MESH:D010146_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 972 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_MESH:D005221_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tiredness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005221" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_MESH:D012817_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gastrointestinal symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1031, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012817" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_MESH:D010146_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1366, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_MESH:D010146_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1396, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_MESH:D005221_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tiredness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1402, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005221" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_MESH:D012128_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gastrointestinal distress" ], "offsets": [ [ 1417, 1442 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012128" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 1507, 1512 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15240090_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1598, 1606 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21037733_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Refractive surface flow visualization using image processing." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "21037733_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The importance of the wake-free-surface interaction in the detection, classification, and tracking of submerged objects has led to the development of a simple but effective free-surface visualization technique for use in controlled water-tunnel experiments. An experiment was performed to verify the effectiveness and the applicability of this method. Digital images of a spatially varying sinusoidal grid were acquired as seen through the disturbance pattern on the water surface. Image-processing techniques were used to perform phase demodulation of the distorted image. The resulting image details the outline, location, and extent of the surface deformation in a gray-scale format. Optimal digital filter specifications and spatial grid frequencies were determined experimentally for various surface-flow conditions." ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 883 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21037733_MESH:D014867_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 294, 299 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "21037733_MESH:D014867_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 534 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33446182_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Bushen Huoxue recipe attenuates early pregnancy loss via activating endometrial COX2-PGE2 angiogenic signaling in mice." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 119 ] ] }, { "id": "33446182_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: During the fresh cycles of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, a disturbance in the reproductive endocrine environment following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is closely related to compromised endometrial receptivity. This is a major disadvantage for women during pregnancy. Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Bushen Huoxue recipe (BSHXR) has been indicated to facilitate embryo implantation. METHODS: The COH model (Kunming breed) was induced by injecting mice with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (0.4 IU/g) and human chorionic gonadotropin (1 IU/g), followed by treatment with BSHXR at three different concentrations (5.7, 11.4, and 22.8 g/kg), Bushen recipe (BSR) (5.7 g/kg), and Huoxue recipe (HXR) (5.7 g/kg). After successful mating, the pregnancy rate and implantation sites were examined on embryo day 8 (ED8), and the weight ratio of endometrium was calculated on ED4 midnight. Serum estrogen, progesterone, and endometrial PGE2 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The endometrial microvasculature was evaluated using CD31 immunostaining. The protein and mRNA levels of the angiogenic factors in the endometrium were evaluated using western blot, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: In the COH group, the pregnancy rate and implantation sites were significantly decreased, and abnormal serum hormone levels and impaired endometrial vascular development were observed. After BSHXR treatment, the supraphysiological serum progesterone level in COH mice was restored to normalcy. Moreover, the abnormal expression of the endometrial pro-angiogenic factors, including HIF1alpha, COX2-PGE2 pathway, and the down-stream factors, namely, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP2, and FGF2 after subjecting mice to COH was significantly improved after BSHXR treatment. CONCLUSION: BSHXR could improve embryo implantation by regulating hormonal balance and modulating endometrial angiogenesis in mice, without inducing any side effects in normal pregnancy." ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 2158 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33446182_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Huoxue" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 13 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_17709_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX2" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 84 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "17709" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_MESH:D015232_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PGE2" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015232" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_10090_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_10090_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 631 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 691 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_MESH:D011374_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "progesterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1076, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011374" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_MESH:D015232_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PGE2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1106, 1110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015232" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_MESH:D014591_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "endometrial microvasculature" ], "offsets": [ [ 1177, 1205 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014591" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_MESH:D014591_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "impaired endometrial vascular" ], "offsets": [ [ 1545, 1574 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014591" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_MESH:D011374_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "progesterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1654, 1666 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011374" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_10090_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1680, 1684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_15251_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HIF1alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1798, 1807 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15251" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_17709_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "COX2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1809, 1813 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "17709" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_MESH:D015232_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PGE2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1814, 1818 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015232" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_17390_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MMP2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1865, 1869 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "17390" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_17395_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MMP9" ], "offsets": [ [ 1871, 1875 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "17395" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_21858_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TIMP2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1877, 1882 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "21858" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_14173_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FGF2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1888, 1892 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "14173" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_10090_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1910, 1914 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "33446182_10090_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 2098, 2102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4877197_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "An immunopathological study on nephrotoxic nephritis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ] }, { "id": "4877197_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 54 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4877197_MESH:D009393_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nephrotoxic nephritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009393" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35279268_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Qatar Red Crescent Society provides cancer drugs to the Palestinian Ministry of Health." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "35279268_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 88 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35279268_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 42 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33644571_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Absorption and Spreading of a Liquid Droplet Over a Thick Porous Substrate." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 75 ] ] }, { "id": "33644571_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Spreading over porous substrates occurs in several processes including printing, cleaning, coating, and manufacturing of ceramic structures. For small drops, viscous and capillary forces are ultimately the predominant forces. The process typically undergoes three phases: a first stage in which the droplet spreads, a second phase in which the area of contact with the solid substrate nearly remains constant, and a third stage in which the droplet retracts with its volume reaching zero finally. The objective of the investigation is to find the dynamics of spreading and absorption of the droplet using fundamentals while making relevant approximations to account for both radial and vertical dynamics. The proposed model requires minimal computational work. The results are compared with the published experimental data for the perfect wetting case, and are found to be in good agreement with detailed published experimental data for both droplet dynamics and dynamics of penetration in the porous substrate." ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 1087 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25957473_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Regulation of the ryanodine receptor by anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 is independent of its BH3-domain-binding properties." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 113 ] ] }, { "id": "25957473_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is an important aspect of how anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins regulate cell death and cell survival. At the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) the Bcl-2 homology (BH) 4 domain of Bcl-2 is known to bind to and inhibit both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Besides this, drugs that target the hydrophobic cleft of Bcl-2 have been reported to deplete ER Ca(2+) stores in an IP3R- and RyR-dependent way. This suggests that the hydrophobic cleft of Bcl-2 may also be involved in regulating these ER-located Ca(2+)-release channels. However, the contribution of the hydrophobic cleft on the binding and regulatory properties of Bcl-2 to either IP3Rs or RyRs has until now not been studied. Here, the importance of the hydrophobic cleft of Bcl-2 in binding to and inhibiting the RyR was assessed by using a genetic approach based on site-directed mutagenesis of Bcl-2's hydrophobic cleft and a pharmacological approach based on the selective Bcl-2 hydrophobic cleft inhibitor, ABT-199. Both binding assays and single-cell Ca(2+) measurements indicated that RyR binding and the inhibition of RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release by Bcl-2 is independent of its hydrophobic cleft." ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 1380 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25957473_596_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 60 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "B-cell lymphoma 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 225 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 232 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_MESH:D003643_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 357 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_MESH:D007294_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "inositol" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 403 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007294" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ ",4,5-trisphosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 423 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_3710_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IP3R" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3710" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_6262_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RyR" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 603 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6262" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 668 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 841, 846 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 952, 957 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_6262_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RyR" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 994 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6262" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1079 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1159 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_MESH:C002502_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ABT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1189, 1192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C002502" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_6262_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RyR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6262" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_6262_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RyR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1303, 1306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6262" } ] }, { "id": "25957473_596_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1334, 1339 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19440613_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "First-principles semiclassical initial value representation molecular dynamics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "19440613_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In this work, we explore the use of the semiclassical initial value representation (SC-IVR) method with first-principles electronic structure approaches to carry out classical molecular dynamics. The proposed approach can extract the vibrational power spectrum of carbon dioxide from a single trajectory providing numerical results that agree with experiment and quantum calculations. The computational demands of the method are comparable to those of classical single-trajectory calculations, while describing uniquely quantum features such as the zero-point energy and Fermi resonances. The method can also be used to identify symmetry properties of given vibrational peaks and investigate vibrational couplings by selected classical trajectories. The accuracy of the method degrades for the reproduction of anharmonic shifts for high-energy vibrational levels." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 943 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19440613_MESH:D002245_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon dioxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35063173_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "CORE OUTCOME SETS AND DENTAL PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 55 ] ] }, { "id": "35063173_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In clinical research, outcomes are the results or 'endpoints' that are measured to assess whether clinical interventions have been successful or whether one treatment works better than another. There are a vast number of outcomes that have been reported in dental trials; the number, diversity and questionable relevance of these outcomes can lead to research wastage. Ultimately, this can lead to uncertainty for patients and dental professionals as to the most effective prevention and treatment options available as the evidence available may not use outcomes important to them. This article introduces the reader to core outcome sets (COS), covering the background to this area of research; their purpose and role; as well as the methodology of development. The authors reflect on their experience of leading the development of a core outcome set for periodontal trials and we highlight other dental COSs already developed and their inclusion of dental Patient Reported Outcomes (dPROs)." ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 1047 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35063173_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PATIENT" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35063173_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 478 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35063173_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1020 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35063173_41363_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "dPROs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "41363" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6087684_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Adrenergic-cholinergic interactions on membrane potential of K+ -depolarized ventricular muscle." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 96 ] ] }, { "id": "6087684_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In guinea pig ventricular muscles exposed to K+-rich (27 mM) Tyrode solution containing 0.2 mM Ba, catecholamine elicited a slight depolarization of the resting membrane. Application of acetylcholine (ACh) during this catecholamine-induced response caused a repolarization, and removal of ACh induced a transient enhancement in the depolarization (rebound). These effects of ACh were abolished by atropine. Application of ACh alone and its removal had little effect on the membrane potential. Like the catecholamine-induced depolarization, the rebound depolarization after ACh removal was inhibited by slow channel blockers. Thus the rebound was attributed at least in part to enhanced changes in the catecholamine-sensitive conductance, i.e., a beta-receptor-mediated increase in the slow channel conductance. In driven muscles perfused with normal Tyrode solution, there was a rebound increase in twitch tension when ACh was removed in the presence of catecholamine, and this rebound was accompanied by an \"extra\" elevation of the action potential plateau. Thus cessation of the stimulation of myocardial muscarinic receptors may transiently lead to an enhanced activity of the beta-adrenoceptor-slow channel system in guinea pig ventricular muscle." ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 1348 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6087684_MESH:D014693_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ventricular muscle" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 95 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014693" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_10141_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "guinea pig" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10141" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Tyrode" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D001464_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ba" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001464" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D002395_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "catecholamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002395" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D000109_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "acetylcholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 296 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000109" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D000109_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ACh" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 301 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000109" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D002395_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "catecholamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002395" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D000109_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ACh" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 389 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000109" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D000109_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ACh" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 475 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000109" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D001285_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "atropine" ], "offsets": [ [ 494, 502 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001285" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D000109_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ACh" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 522 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000109" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D002395_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "catecholamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 612 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002395" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D000109_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ACh" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 673 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000109" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D002395_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "catecholamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 811 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002395" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_-_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Tyrode" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 953 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D000109_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ACh" ], "offsets": [ [ 1016, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000109" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D002395_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "catecholamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1051, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002395" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_10141_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "guinea pig" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10141" } ] }, { "id": "6087684_MESH:D014693_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ventricular muscle" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1347 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014693" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29434904_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Epigenetic actions of environmental factors and promising drugs for cancer therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] }, { "id": "29434904_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Carcinogenesis is known to be primarily associated with gene mutations. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that epigenetic events also serve crucial roles in tumor etiology. Environmental factors, including nutrition, toxicants and ethanol, are involved in carcinogenesis through inducing epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone deacetylase and miRNA regulation. Studying epigenetic mechanisms has facilitated the development of early diagnostic strategies and potential therapeutic avenues. Modulation at the epigenetic level, including reversing epigenetic modifications using targeted drugs, has demonstrated promise in cancer therapy. Therefore, identifying novel epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets has potential for the future of cancer therapy. The present review discusses the environmental factors involved in epigenetic modifications and potential drug candidates for cancer therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 1015 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29434904_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "29434904_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "29434904_MESH:D000431_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 332 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "29434904_MESH:D063646_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinogenesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D063646" } ] }, { "id": "29434904_MESH:D009369_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 741 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "29434904_MESH:D009369_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 858, 864 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "29434904_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18930772_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A novel concept in enteric coating: a double-coating system providing rapid drug release in the proximal small intestine." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "18930772_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A novel double-coating enteric system was developed to accelerate drug release in conditions resembling the upper small intestine. The system comprises an inner coat (partially neutralised EUDRAGIT L 30 D-55 and organic acid) and an outer coat (standard EUDRAGIT L 30 D-55). Prednisolone tablets were coated with double layer formulations with inner coats neutralised to pH 5.6 in the presence of 10% citric acid or adipic acid. A conventional single coating was also applied for comparison purposes. There was no drug release from the single coated or double-coated tablets in 0.1M HCl for 2 h using USP II apparatus. The lag times of drug release in subsequent pH 5.6 phosphate buffer (to resemble the pH condition of the proximal small intestine) were 102, 42 and 28 min for the single coated, adipic acid and citric acid double-coated tablets respectively. The lag time for release from the double-coated tablets was further reduced to 5 min when the inner coat was neutralised to pH 6.0 in the presence of 10% citric acid. The rapid drug release from the double-coating system was associated with faster polymer dissolution rates compared to the single coating. The novel double-coated system has the potential to provide rapid drug release in the proximal small intestine, overcoming the limitations of conventional enteric coatings." ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 1461 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18930772_tmVar:p|SUB|L|30|D;HGVS:p.L30D;VariantGroup:0_0", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "L 30 D" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 326 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|L|30|D;HGVS:p.L30D;VariantGroup:0" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "organic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 346 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_tmVar:p|SUB|L|30|D;HGVS:p.L30D;VariantGroup:0_2", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "L 30 D" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|L|30|D;HGVS:p.L30D;VariantGroup:0" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_MESH:D011239_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Prednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011239" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_MESH:D019343_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "citric acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 534 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019343" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_MESH:C029900_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adipic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C029900" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_MESH:D006851_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "HCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 705, 708 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006851" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "USP II" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 729 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_MESH:D010710_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 792, 801 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010710" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_MESH:C029900_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adipic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 930 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C029900" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_MESH:D019343_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "citric acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 935, 946 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019343" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_MESH:D019343_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "citric acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1137, 1148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019343" } ] }, { "id": "18930772_MESH:D011108_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polymer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1231, 1238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011108" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25100016_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Induction of Ca2+-dependent cyclosporin A-insensitive nonspecific permeability of the inner membrane of liver mitochondria and cytochrome c release by alpha,omega-hexadecanedioic acid in media of varying ionic strength." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 219 ] ] }, { "id": "25100016_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In liver mitochondria loaded with Ca2+ or Sr(2+), alpha,omega-hexadecanedioic acid (HDA) can induce nonspecific permeability of the inner membrane (mitochondrial pore) by the mechanism insensitive to cyclosporin A (CsA). In this work we studied the effect of ionic strength of the incubation medium on the kinetics of the processes that accompany Ca2+-dependent induction of the mitochondrial pore by fatty acid: organelle swelling, Ca2+ release from the matrix, changes in transmembrane potential (Deltapsi) and rate of oxygen consumption, and the release of cytochrome c from the intermembrane space. Two basic incubation media were used: sucrose medium and isotonic ionic medium containing KCl without sucrose. We found that 200 muM Ca2+ and 20 muM HDA in the presence of CsA effectively induce high-amplitude swelling of mitochondria both in the case of sucrose and in the ionic incubation medium. In the presence of CsA, mitochondria can rapidly absorb Ca2+ and retain it in the matrix for a while without reducing Deltapsi. Upon incubation in the ionic medium, mitochondria retain most of the added Ca2+ in the matrix for a short time without reducing the Deltapsi. In both cases the addition of HDA to the mitochondria 2 min after the introduction of Ca2+ leads to the rapid release of these ions from the matrix and total drop in Deltapsi. The mitochondrial swelling induced by Ca2+ and HDA in non-ionic medium is accompanied by almost maximal stimulation of respiration. Under the same conditions, but during incubation of mitochondria in the ionic medium, it is necessary to add cytochrome c for significant stimulation of respiration. The mitochondrial swelling induced by Ca2+ and HDA leads to the release of cytochrome c in a larger amount in the case of ionic medium than for the sucrose medium. We conclude that high ionic strength of the incubation medium determines the massive release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and liberates it from the respiratory chain, which leads to blockade of electron transport along the respiratory chain and consequently to disruption of the energy functions of the organelles." ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 2349 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25100016_MESH:D000069285_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D016572_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclosporin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D017093_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver mitochondria" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017093" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_54205_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cytochrome c" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 139 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "54205" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alpha,omega-hexadecanedioic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D017093_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver mitochondria" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 241 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017093" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D000069285_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 258 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D013324_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Sr" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013324" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alpha,omega-hexadecanedioic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 302 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "HDA" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 307 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D016572_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclosporin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D016572_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CsA" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D000069285_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 571 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D005227_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fatty acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 631 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005227" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D004487_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "swelling" ], "offsets": [ [ 643, 651 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004487" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D000069285_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D010100_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 741, 747 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_54205_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cytochrome c" ], "offsets": [ [ 780, 792 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "54205" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D013395_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sucrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 868 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013395" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D011189_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "KCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 916 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011189" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D013395_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sucrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 932 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013395" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D000069285_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 956, 960 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D016572_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CsA" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 998 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D004487_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "swelling of mitochondria" ], "offsets": [ [ 1033, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004487" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D013395_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sucrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1078, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013395" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D016572_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CsA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1141, 1144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D000069285_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D000069285_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1325, 1329 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D000069285_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1478, 1482 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D004487_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "swelling" ], "offsets": [ [ 1586, 1594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004487" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D000069285_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1606, 1610 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_-_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "HDA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1615, 1618 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_54205_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cytochrome c" ], "offsets": [ [ 1809, 1821 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "54205" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D004487_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "swelling" ], "offsets": [ [ 1884, 1892 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004487" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D000069285_34", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1904, 1908 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_54205_35", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cytochrome c" ], "offsets": [ [ 1941, 1953 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "54205" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_MESH:D013395_36", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sucrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 2014, 2021 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013395" } ] }, { "id": "25100016_54205_37", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cytochrome c" ], "offsets": [ [ 2126, 2138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "54205" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15868175_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Orientation-specific fast rTMS maximizes corticospinal inhibition and facilitation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] }, { "id": "15868175_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Specific stimulation of neuronal circuits may promote selective inhibition or facilitation of corticospinal tract excitability. Monophasic stimulation is more likely to achieve direction-specific neuronal excitation. In 10 healthy subjects, we compared four types of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), monophasic and biphasic stimuli with the initial current in the brain flowing antero-posteriorly (\"posteriorly directed\") or postero-anteriorly (\"anteriorly directed\"). We applied rTMS over the primary motor cortex contralateral to the dominant hand, using 80 stimuli at 5 Hz frequency at an intensity yielding baseline motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes of 1 mV. Monophasic stimulation was always more efficient than biphasic. Facilitation was induced by intracerebral anteriorly directed current flow and inhibition by posteriorly oriented current flow, although only initially for approximately 30 pulses. The early inhibition was absent when studied during a tonic muscle contraction. Several mechanisms could account for these findings. They include a more efficient excitation of inhibiting circuits by posteriorly oriented pulses, and a back-propagating D-wave inhibiting early I-waves and thus inducing early inhibition of MEP amplitude. In any case biphasic rTMS results can be explained by a mixture of monophasic opposite stimulations. We propose the use of monophasic pulses for maximizing effects during rTMS." ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 1531 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15868175_MESH:D002543_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intracerebral" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 878 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002543" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29471826_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The family talk intervention in palliative care: a study protocol." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] }, { "id": "29471826_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: In palliative care contexts, support programs for families with a severely ill parent and minor children are few, and even fewer have been evaluated scientifically. The aims of this study are to examine feasibility and potential effects of a modified version of the Family Talk Intervention (FTI) in palliative care. METHODS: This ongoing family-centered intervention has a quasi-experimental design comparing one intervention and one comparison group. The intervention includes severely ill parents who have minor children (aged 6-19 yrs) and are receiving advanced homecare in Stockholm, Sweden between March 2017 and March 2018. The main goal of the FTI is to support family communication through psycho-education and narrative theory. The modified FTI consists of six meetings with family members, and is held by two interventionists. Each family sets up needs-based goals for the intervention. For evaluation purposes, data are collected by questionnaire before the intervention, within two months after baseline, and one year after baseline. Interviews will be conducted within two months after FTI is completed. Notes taken by one of the interventionists during the family meetings will also be used. Questionnaire data analysis will focus on patterns over time using descriptive statistics. For interview data and notes, content analysis will be used. DISCUSSION: This study will add knowledge about palliative care for parents who have minor children. It will contribute by testing use of FTI in palliative care, and point out directions for future evaluations of FTI in palliative care settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03119545 , retrospectively registered in April 18, 2017." ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 1794 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29471826_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29471826_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 602 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29471826_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1530, 1538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32398958_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A new SIRT1 inhibitor, MHY2245, induces autophagy and inhibits energy metabolism via PKM2/mTOR pathway in human ovarian cancer cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 133 ] ] }, { "id": "32398958_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological cancer that is found worldwide. Class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, a new class of anticancer agents, induce autophagy in various human cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor activity of MHY2245, a new synthetic SIRT inhibitor, on human ovarian cancer cells. We found that MHY2245 exhibited potent cytotoxicity to SKOV3 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of MHY2245 (IC50=0.32 microM) was higher than that of doxorubicin (DOX, IC50=1.38microM) against SKOV3 cells. MHY2245 significantly inhibited SIRT1 enzyme activity, reduced the expression of SIRT1, increased cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and induced apoptotic cell death in SKOV3 cells via expression of cytochrome c, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax. This might be associated with blocking of the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)/mTOR pathway. MHY2245 also inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor size when SKOV3 cells were transplanted into nude mice. Our results indicate that MHY2245 exerts antitumor activity against ovarian cancer cells by blocking the PKM2/mTOR pathway. We suggest that MHY2245 is a promising anticancer agent that disrupts ovarian cancer cell metabolism." ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 1399 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32398958_23411_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SIRT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 11 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "23411" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MHY2245" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 30 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_5315_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PKM2" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5315" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_2475_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mTOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2475" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D010051_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "human ovarian cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010051" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D009369_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 181 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D009369_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 330 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MHY2245" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 419 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 461 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D010051_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ovarian cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 476 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010051" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MHY2245" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 505 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D064420_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cytotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 535 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_CVCL_0532;NCBITaxID:9606_14", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "SKOV3" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 544 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0532;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D064420_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cytotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_-_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MHY2245" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D004317_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 669, 680 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004317" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D004317_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DOX" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 685 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004317" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_CVCL_0532;NCBITaxID:9606_19", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "SKOV3" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 717 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0532;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_-_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MHY2245" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 732 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_23411_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SIRT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 757, 762 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "23411" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_23411_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SIRT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 811 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "23411" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D003643_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 888 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_CVCL_0532;NCBITaxID:9606_24", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "SKOV3" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 897 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0532;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_54205_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cytochrome c" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 934 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "54205" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_1302_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PARP" ], "offsets": [ [ 944, 948 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1302" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_836_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "caspase-3" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 967 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "836" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_581_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bax" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 976 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "581" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_5315_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "pyruvate kinase M2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5315" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_5315_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PKM2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5315" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_2475_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mTOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2475" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D009369_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D009369_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1112, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_CVCL_0532;NCBITaxID:9606_34", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "SKOV3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1128, 1133 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0532;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_10090_35", "type": "Species", "text": [ "nude mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_-_36", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MHY2245" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D010051_37", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ovarian cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1242, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010051" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_5315_38", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PKM2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1279, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5315" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_2475_39", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mTOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2475" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_-_40", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MHY2245" ], "offsets": [ [ 1314, 1321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32398958_MESH:D019958_41", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "disrupts ovarian cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019958" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18262072_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The pause don't just do something. Stand there!" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 47 ] ] }, { "id": "18262072_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 48 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11758872_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Neuropathic cancer pain: the role of adjuvant analgesics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 57 ] ] }, { "id": "11758872_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Neuropathic pain may be defined as pain related to abnormal somatosensory processing in either the peripheral or central nervous system. This pathophysiologic label is typically applied when the painful symptom is associated with an overt injury to neural structures, is part of a recognized syndrome, or has a dysesthetic quality (usually burning, shooting, or electrical). Most neural injury does not lead to clinically important neuropathic pain, but sometimes even a small degree of tissue injury can precipitate severe pain. In the cancer population, neuropathic pain is often related to compression, direct neoplastic invasion of the peripheral nerves or spinal cord, or to a neuropathy caused by chemotherapy. To manage neuropathic pain in this population, nonopioid adjuvant drugs that are neuroactive or neuromodulatory are often needed to complement opioid therapy. The primary adjuvant analgesics are anticonvulsant and antidepressant medications, but a wide variety of other drugs are also used. To optimize analgesic therapy in patients with neuropathic pain, both opioid and adjuvant analgesics must be used effectively." ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 1192 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11758872_MESH:D000072716_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Neuropathic cancer pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000072716" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_MESH:D009437_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Neuropathic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009437" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_MESH:D010146_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_MESH:D010146_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "painful" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 260 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_MESH:D009437_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuropathic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 506 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009437" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_MESH:D010146_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 601 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_MESH:D009437_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuropathic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 630 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009437" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_MESH:D009422_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 740, 750 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009422" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_MESH:D009437_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuropathic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 801 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009437" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11758872_MESH:D009437_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuropathic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009437" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23958318_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Insulin-like growth factor-I aerosol formulations for pulmonary delivery." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "23958318_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Injectable insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) is therapeutically deployed for severe IGF-I deficiency and clinically explored for various other indications such as muscle wasting disease. In the present study, liquid IGF-I formulations for pulmonal application were screened with regard to buffer type (acetate, citrate, histidine, and succinate), sodium chloride concentration (50-150 mM), and pH value (4.5-6.5). Methionine 59 oxidation (Met(o)) was observed in acetate buffer along with reducible dimer and trimer formation at low pH. Oxidation correlated with formation of covalent, reducible aggregates, and complete loss of potency was observed for severely aggregated samples. Bioactivity was partly retained in cases where complete oxidation but limited aggregation was found. In contrast, IGF-I integrity was preserved in histidine buffer during accelerated stability. After delivery from air-jet or vibrating-mesh nebulizers, limited Met(o) formation and no aggregation was observed. Nebulization performance regarding aerosol output rate, mass median aerodynamic diameter, and fine particle fraction for liquid IGF-I formulation was comparable to 0.9% sodium chloride reference, confirming the suitability for pulmonal application. In conclusion, different IGF-I liquid formulations were studied and compositions were identified maintaining bioactivity and chemical stability throughout storage at accelerated conditions for up to 4 months as well as compatibility with air-jet and vibrating-mesh nebulizers." ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 1595 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23958318_3479_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Insulin-like growth factor-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3479" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_3479_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin-like growth factor-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3479" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_3479_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IGF-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3479" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_MESH:C564816_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IGF-I deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C564816" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_MESH:D019282_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "muscle wasting disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019282" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_3479_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IGF-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3479" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 386 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_MESH:D019343_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "citrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019343" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_MESH:D006639_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 406 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006639" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_MESH:D019802_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "succinate" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019802" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_MESH:D012965_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 439 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012965" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_MESH:D008715_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Methionine" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008715" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_3479_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IGF-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 879 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3479" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_MESH:D006639_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 907, 916 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006639" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_3479_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IGF-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 1198, 1203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3479" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_MESH:D012965_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 1239, 1254 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012965" } ] }, { "id": "23958318_3479_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IGF-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 1344, 1349 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3479" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33714809_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effect of algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) biomass pre-treatment on bio-oil production in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL): Biochar and aqueous phase utilization studies." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 165 ] ] }, { "id": "33714809_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Environmental concerns due to fossil fuel usage has turned the research interest towards biomass and bioenergy field. Renewable biomass such as microalgae provides numerous advantages as they can grow in wastewater; sequester carbon dioxide, economical and eco-friendly. In this study, effect of pretreatment of microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus) biomass using post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) for bio-oil production through hydrothermal liquefaction at a temperature of 300 C was studied. Results showed liquefaction of pre-treated biomass yielded 48.53% bio-oil whereas 28.35% was resulted from biomass without pretreatment. The analysis of higher heating value of bio-oil showed that pretreated biomass oil has 36.19 MJ.Kg-1 against non-pretreated biomass oil, which has 28.88 MJ.Kg-1. Bio-oil (pretreated biomass) analysis revealed that 60% of compounds are in diesel and gasoline range with 58.09% of energy recovery. Bio-oil was rich in hydrocarbons of C7-C21 range with less oxygenated compounds. Carbon balance showed that an increase of 13% of carbon was sequestered in solid residue obtained from pretreated biomass and about 146% of increase also obtained in bio-oil." ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 1360 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33714809_569578_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "algae" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 15 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "569578" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_3088_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Scenedesmus obliquus" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3088" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_MESH:C000613328_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bio-oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000613328" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_MESH:D002245_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon dioxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 406 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_3088_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Scenedesmus obliquus" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 510 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3088" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_MESH:D009821_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 583, 586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009821" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "biomass oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 891 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_MESH:D009207_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MJ" ], "offsets": [ [ 902, 904 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009207" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "biomass oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 944 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_MESH:D009207_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MJ" ], "offsets": [ [ 962, 964 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009207" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_MESH:D009821_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 975, 978 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009821" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_MESH:C000613328_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Bio-oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000613328" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_MESH:D006838_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrocarbons" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006838" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_MESH:D002244_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Carbon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002244" } ] }, { "id": "33714809_MESH:D002244_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1235, 1241 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002244" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4951498_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A preliminary study of factors affecting blood lipid levels in three groups of Yemenite Jews." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 93 ] ] }, { "id": "4951498_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 94 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4951498_MESH:D008055_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35291962_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Assessment of transparency and selective reporting of interventional trials studying colorectal cancer." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "35291962_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers. Our aim was to evaluate transparency and selective reporting in interventional trials studying CRC. METHODS: First, we assessed indicators of transparency with completeness of reporting, according to the CONSORT statement, and data sharing. We evaluated a selection of reporting items for a sample of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying CRC with published full-text articles between 2021-03-22 and 2018-03-22. Selected items were issued from the previously published CONSORT based peer-review tool (COBPeer tool). Then, we evaluated selective reporting through retrospective registration and primary outcome(s) switching between registration and publication. Finally, we determined if primary outcome(s) switching favored significant outcomes. RESULTS: We evaluated 101 RCTs with published full-text articles between 2021-03-22 and 2018-03-22. Five trials (5%) reported all selected CONSORT items completely. Seventy-four (73%), 53 (52%) and 13 (13%) trials reported the primary outcome(s), the allocation concealment process and harms completely. Twenty-five (25%) trials were willing to share data. In our sample, 49 (49%) trials were retrospectively registered and 23 (23%) trials had primary outcome(s) switching. The influence of primary outcome(s) switching could be evaluated in 16 (16/23 = 70%) trials, with 6 (6/16 = 38%) trials showing a discrepancy that favored statistically significant results. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight a lack of transparency as well as frequent selective reporting in interventional trials studying CRC." ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 1752 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35291962_MESH:D015179_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] }, { "id": "35291962_MESH:D015179_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 133 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] }, { "id": "35291962_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 197 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18314258_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Molecular mechanisms of mistletoe plant extract-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in vivo and in vitro." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 119 ] ] }, { "id": "18314258_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Viscum album (Mistletoe) is one of the most widely used alternative cancer therapies. Aqueous mistletoe extracts (MT) contain the three mistletoe lectins I, II and III as one predominant group of biologically active agents. Although MT is widely used, there is a lack of scientifically sound preclinical and clinical data. In this paper, we describe for the first time the in vivo efficacy and mechanism of action of MT in lymphoblastic leukemia. For this purpose, we first investigated both the cytotoxic effect and the mechanism of action of two standardized aqueous MTs (MT obtained from fir trees (MT-A); MT obtained from pine trees (MT-P)) in a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line (NALM-6). MT-A, MT-P and ML-I inhibited cell proliferation as determined by Casy Count analysis at very low concentrations with MT-P being the most cytotoxic extract. DNA-fragmentation assays indicated that dose-dependent induction of apoptosis was the main mechanism of cell death. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of MT-A and MT-P in an in vivo SCID-model of pre-B ALL (NALM-6). Both MTs significantly improved survival (up to 55.4 days) at all tested concentrations in contrast to controls (34.6 days) without side effects." ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 1349 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18314258_MESH:D054198_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute lymphoblastic leukemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054198" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_3972_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Viscum album" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 132 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3972" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_MESH:D054198_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lymphoblastic leukemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 565 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054198" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_3319_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "fir trees" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 720 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3319" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_4490_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MT-P" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 762 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4490" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 775 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_MESH:D054198_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute lymphoblastic leukemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 804 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054198" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_CVCL_0092;NCBITaxID:9606_8", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "NALM-6" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 828 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0092;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MT-A" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 835 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_4490_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MT-P" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 841 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4490" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_4490_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MT-P" ], "offsets": [ [ 949, 953 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4490" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_4490_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MT-P" ], "offsets": [ [ 1151, 1155 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4490" } ] }, { "id": "18314258_CVCL_0092;NCBITaxID:9606_13", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "NALM-6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0092;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26453257_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Anharmonic longitudinal motion of bases and dynamics of nonlinear excitation in DNA." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 84 ] ] }, { "id": "26453257_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The dynamics of the transcription bubble in DNA is studied by using a nonlinear model in which torsional and longitudinal conformations of the biomolecule are coupled. In the absence of forcing and dissipation the torsional dynamics is described by a perturbed kink of the Sine-Gordon DNA model, while the longitudinal conformational energy propagate as phonons. It was found that for random initial conditions of the longitudinal conformational field the presence of the kink promotes the creation of phonons propagating along the chain axis. Moreover, the presence of forcing, describing the active role of RNA polymerase, determines in agreement to the experimental data a modulation of the velocity of the transcription bubble. Lastly, it was shown that the presence of dissipation impacts the dynamic of the phonon by reducing the amplitude of the corresponding conformational field. On the contrary, dissipation and forcing modulate the velocity of the transcription bubble alone." ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 1071 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26453257_MESH:D014095_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dissipation impacts" ], "offsets": [ [ 859, 878 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014095" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29553187_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa: Call for a Paradigm Shift." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 81 ] ] }, { "id": "29553187_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 82 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34712976_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Arthroscopic Lunate Excision Provides Excellent Outcomes for Low-Demand Patients with Advanced Kienbock's Disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 114 ] ] }, { "id": "34712976_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: To examine the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic lunate excisions for advanced Kienbock's disease. METHODS: Fifteen patients (six men and nine women; mean age: 65 years; range: 48-83 years) with advanced Kienbock's disease, who underwent arthroscopic lunate resection between April 2008 and March 2016, were reviewed clinically and radiographically after a follow-up of >2 years (mean: 29 months; range: 24-60 months). Clinical parameters, such as wrist range of motion, grip strength, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, and patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) score were evaluated. Radiographic parameters included radioscaphoid angle, scaphocapitate angle, carpal height ratio, ulnar-triquetrum distance, and the scaphoid-triquetrum distance. Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was used to compare measurement results. RESULTS: During the final follow-up, patients exhibited significant improvements, such as 42.9 in wrist range of motion (P = .009), 24.5% of the contralateral side in grip strength (P = .001), 26.2 points in DASH score (P = .002), and 37.8 points in PRWE score (P < .001), compared with the preoperative values. The radioscaphoid and scaphocapitate angles significantly increased by 4.8 (P = .0027) and 3.7 (P = .0012), respectively. The carpal height ratio, ulnar-triquetrum distance, and scaphoid-triquetrum distance significantly decreased by 0.05 (P < .001), 2.6 mm (P < .001), and 1.3 mm (P = .0012), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that arthroscopic lunate excisions provided excellent postoperative pain relief and functional recovery within 2 years of follow-up. Changes in carpal alignment and stress concentration on the radial side of the carpal bones could occur in the long term; however, arthroscopic lunate excision can be a good surgical option for treating low-demand patients with advanced Kienbock's disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series." ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 2062 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34712976_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 80 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_MESH:D010020_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Kienbock's Disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010020" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_MESH:D010020_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Kienbock's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 221 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010020" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 257 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_MESH:D010020_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Kienbock's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 346 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010020" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 672, 679 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_MESH:D010149_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1673, 1691 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010149" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1966, 1974 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34712976_MESH:D010020_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Kienbock's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1989, 2007 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010020" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18879737_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Prostatism." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ] }, { "id": "18879737_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 12 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18879737_MESH:D011472_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Prostatism" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011472" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20179355_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Human liver chimeric mice provide a model for hepatitis B and C virus infection and treatment." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "20179355_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A paucity of versatile small animal models of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been an impediment to both furthering understanding of virus biology and testing antiviral therapies. We recently described a regulatable system for repopulating the liver of immunodeficient mice (specifically mice lacking fumaryl acetoacetate hydrolase [Fah], recombination activating gene 2 [Rag2], and the gamma-chain of the receptor for IL-2 [Il-2rgamma]) with human hepatocytes. Here we have shown that a high transplantation dose (3 x 106 to 5 x 106 human hepatocytes/mouse) generates a higher rate of liver chimerism than was previously obtained in these mice, up to 95% human hepatocyte chimerism. Mice with a high level of human liver chimerism propagated both HBV and HCV, and the HCV-infected mice were responsive to antiviral treatment. This human liver chimeric mouse model will expand the experimental possibilities for studying HBV and HCV infection, and possibly other human hepatotropic pathogens, and prove useful for antiviral drug testing." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1166 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20179355_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Human" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 5 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10090_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_MESH:D006509_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 57 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006509" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_MESH:D001102_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "virus infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 79 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001102" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10407_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "hepatitis B virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10407" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10407_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HBV" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 163 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10407" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_MESH:D006526_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006526" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_MESH:D017093_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver of immunodeficient" ], "offsets": [ [ 373, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017093" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10090_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 402 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10090_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_14085_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fumaryl acetoacetate hydrolase" ], "offsets": [ [ 430, 460 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "14085" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_14085_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Fah" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 465 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "14085" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_19374_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "recombination activating gene 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 499 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19374" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_19374_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Rag2" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 505 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19374" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_16183_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 552 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "16183" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_16183_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Il-2rgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 564 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "16183" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 577 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 668 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10090_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 686 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10090_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 773 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 790 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10090_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 813, 817 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 844 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10407_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HBV" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 880 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10407" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_11103_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 885, 888 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_11103_25", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 901 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10090_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 911, 915 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_9606_27", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 966 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10090_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 987 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_10407_29", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HBV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1053 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10407" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_11103_30", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1061 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "20179355_9606_31", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13905621_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Stimulus effect of high degrees of hydrostatic pressure on cells and their characteristics]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 93 ] ] }, { "id": "13905621_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 94 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13175565_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Psychoprophylactic preparation for painless labor]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ] }, { "id": "13175565_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 53 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13175565_MESH:D048949_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "painless labor" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 50 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048949" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36320214_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Efficacy of a standardized herbal formulation from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. as an adjuvant treatment in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled trial." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 168 ] ] }, { "id": "36320214_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Introduction: As no specific pharmacological intervention has been known for COVID-19, medicinal plants may be a suitable candidate for management of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a herbal syrup from licorice as an adjuvant treatment in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: 213 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were assigned to receive either standardized licorice syrup as an adjuvant treatment plus standard care [Syrup Group (SYRUP), N=91], or standard care alone [Standard Group (STANDARD), N=104], for 7 days. The primary endpoint was duration of hospitalization in survivors. The secondary endpoints included 25% increase in oxygen saturation, C-reactive protein (CRP) difference and lymphocyte difference from baseline, number of death and number of patients transferred to ICU. Results: Mean duration of admission was 5.24 days in SYRUP and 7.14 days in STANDARD (p<0.001). oxygen saturation increased in 86 of 91 patients (94.5%) in the licorice group, compared to 83 of 104 patients (79.8%) in the control group (p=0.002). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of patients died during hospitalization (p=0.837). Five patients in SYRUP and 16 patients in STANDARD were transferred to ICU (p<0.026). Mean reduction in CRP (p<0.001) and mean increase in the number of lymphocytes (p=0.008) in SYRUP were significantly higher than STANDARD. Discussion: Licorice syrup as an adjuvant treatment demonstrated promising results on duration of hospital admission, O2 saturation as well as inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients; however, further clinical studies with larger sample size are suggested to achieve more conclusive results." ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 1921 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36320214_49827_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Glycyrrhiza glabra L" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "49827" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_MESH:C000657245_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 136 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_MESH:C000657245_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 254 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 460, 468 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_MESH:C000657245_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 482 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 532 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_MESH:C000657245_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 556 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_MESH:D010100_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 883 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_1401_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "C-reactive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 914 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_1401_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 919 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_MESH:D003643_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 988 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1011 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_MESH:D010100_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1128, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1168, 1176 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1230, 1238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1355, 1363 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_MESH:D003643_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 1364, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1408, 1416 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1433, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_1401_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1507, 1510 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_MESH:D013481_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "O2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1746, 1748 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013481" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_MESH:C000657245_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 1795, 1803 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36320214_9606_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1804, 1812 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9524907_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Biological dyes may improve the safety of local anesthetics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 60 ] ] }, { "id": "9524907_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 61 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7301683_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Hypohyperparathyroidism: a model for renal osteodystrophy?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "7301683_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A child who presented with features of renal osteodystrophy but with normal renal function is described. Improvement occurred both on large doses of vitamin D and small doses of 1, alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (1, alpha-OHD3). Investigations suggested that the primary defect was an impaired renal response to parathyroid hormone. The relationship between renal osteodystrophy, abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism and hypohyperparathyroidism is discussed and an alternative hypothesis for the development of renal bone disease suggested." ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 594 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7301683_MESH:D012080_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "renal osteodystrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 57 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012080" } ] }, { "id": "7301683_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7301683_MESH:D012080_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "renal osteodystrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012080" } ] }, { "id": "7301683_MESH:D014807_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 217 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014807" } ] }, { "id": "7301683_MESH:C008088_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1, alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C008088" } ] }, { "id": "7301683_MESH:C008088_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1, alpha-OHD3" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 279 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C008088" } ] }, { "id": "7301683_5741_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "parathyroid hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 384 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "7301683_MESH:D012080_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "renal osteodystrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 431 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012080" } ] }, { "id": "7301683_MESH:D014807_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 459 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014807" } ] }, { "id": "7301683_MESH:C536326_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "renal bone disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536326" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22558719_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Healthy eating: nutrient-focused education and flavor can meet." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "22558719_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 64 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14794755_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Simple goiter in Colombia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 26 ] ] }, { "id": "14794755_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 27 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14794755_MESH:D006042_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "goiter in Colombia" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006042" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33337403_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Designing a floor plan using aircraft seat comfort knowledge by aircraft interior experts." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "33337403_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Recent research indicated that an 18'' x30'' aircraft seat resulted in nearly the same level of comfort as a 17'' x34'' seat. However, it took less space in the floor plan. OBJECTIVES: This study explores seat layouts preferred by experts regarding different criteria. Those results of the experts are later compared to layouts produced by computational algorithms to evaluate the advantages of each method. METHODS: Eighty-eight experts in the field of aircraft interior were invited to make a floor plan of a part of a Boeing 777 aircraft where comfort was one of the main goals. Participants worked in groups of 3 and are given the freedom to design a section of the cabin between economy and first-class (5.87 m wide and 3.7 m long), where besides these two types of seats, an old business-class size seat of 20'' x36'' was introduced as well for more flexibilities in design. Computational algorithms were also applied with the same inputs and constraints to generate layouts as a comparison. RESULTS: In total, 29 floor-plans were made, and these plans were analysed to compare against the complexity of the operations, the number of passengers on board, the revenue of the airline, and the width of the aisle. Results showed that 14 groups opted for the economy seats, while the rest utilized a hybrid setup where the business class seats were used in the configuration. These results are compared to the 126 computerized layouts generated. CONCLUSIONS: Among all layouts designed by experts, a combination of 28 18'' x30'' seats and 20 17'' x34'' seats had the highest potential revenue of US$21,984. This floor plan fits the regulations with an aisle width of 0.93 m. The computerized layout had a better outcome in maximizing profit of US$22,416 with 32 18'' x30'' seats and 16 20'' x36'' seats. However, the comfort of such results was to be explored as some seats were rotated 90 degrees." ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 2003 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33337403_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 697 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33337403_MESH:D012640_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fits" ], "offsets": [ [ 1728, 1732 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012640" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3533837_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Forty years on: a reflection and a contemplation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 49 ] ] }, { "id": "3533837_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 50 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20038043_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Study on hyperspectral characteristics of apple florescence canopy]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 69 ] ] }, { "id": "20038043_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The present study aims to systematically analyze the hyperspectral characteristics of apple florescence canopy and explore the sensitive spectra to provide the theoretical basis for large area apple information extracting and remote sensing retrieval for nutrition diagnosis. Based on the 120 hyperspectral data of apple florescence canopy acquired with ASD Field Spec 3 portable object spectrometer, the effects of different sample numbers on hyperspectral characteristics were analyzed. Using variance analysis method, the hyperspectral characteristics of apple florescence canopy and the sensitive wave bands were obtained. The results showed that with the increase in cumulative sample numbers, the hyperspectrum curves of apple florescence became stable and smooth. At the 550 nm green peak and the 760-1,300 nm reflection plateau, the reflection rate reduced with the increase in flowering amount, while in the red valley of 670 nm, the reflection rate increased with the increase in flowering amount; At the wave bands of 350-500, 600-680 and 760-1,300 nm, the variance analysis results showed very significant differences, indicating that they were sensitive wave bands of florescence canopy. With the increase in flowering amount, the red-edge position, the red-edge slope and red edge area tended to decrease gradually." ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 1399 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20038043_3750_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "apple" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3750" } ] }, { "id": "20038043_3750_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "apple" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3750" } ] }, { "id": "20038043_3750_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "apple" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 268 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3750" } ] }, { "id": "20038043_3750_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "apple" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3750" } ] }, { "id": "20038043_3750_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "apple" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 633 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3750" } ] }, { "id": "20038043_3750_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "apple" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 802 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3750" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20127392_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "HIV therapeutic possibilities of gold compounds." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 48 ] ] }, { "id": "20127392_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in decreased mortality and morbidity from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Drug resistance and toxicity of HAART has led to the search for novel inhibitors of HIV infection. Gold-based compounds have shown promising activity against a wide range of clinical conditions and microorganism infections including HIV-1. A typical example is auranofin which resulted in an elevated CD4+ T-cell count in an HIV patient being treated for psoriatic arthritis. In addition, reports exist on gold-based inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RT), protease (PR) and viral entry of host cells. These and other characteristics of gold-based HIV drugs are reviewed here." ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 817 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20127392_12721_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_MESH:D003643_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_MESH:D007153_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "immune deficiency syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007153" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_12721_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human immunodeficiency virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_12721_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 236 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_MESH:D064420_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_12721_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 326 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_MESH:D007239_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 451, 461 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_11676_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 477 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11676" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_MESH:D001310_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "auranofin" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 509 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001310" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_920_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD4" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 543 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "920" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_T cell_11", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T-cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 551 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_12721_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 567 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_MESH:D015535_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psoriatic arthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 613 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015535" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_140738_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PR" ], "offsets": [ [ 708, 710 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "140738" } ] }, { "id": "20127392_12721_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 792 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31649700_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cucumber CsTRY Negatively Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Trichome Formation When Expressed in Tobacco." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] }, { "id": "31649700_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The development of trichomes (spines) on cucumber fruits is an important agronomic trait. It has been reported that two MYB family members, CsMYB6 (Csa3G824850) and CsTRY (Csa5G139610) act as negative regulators of trichome or fruit spine initiation. To further study the functions of these two genes, we overexpressed them in tobacco, and found that the flowers and seed coats of transformants overexpressing CsTRY displayed an unexpected defect in pigmentation that was not observed in plants overexpressing CsMYB6. Moreover, the expression of key genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway was repressed in CsTRY overexpressing plants, which resulted in the decrease of several important flavonoid secondary metabolites. In addition, CsTRY could interact with the AN1 homologous gene CsAN1 (Csa7G044190) in cucumber, which further confirmed that CsTRY not only regulates the development of fruit spines, but also functions in the synthesis of flavonoids, acting as the repressor of anthocyanin synthesis." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 1116 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31649700_3659_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Cucumber" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3659" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_101221077_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CsTRY" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 14 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "101221077" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_MESH:D000872_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Anthocyanin" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000872" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_4097_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Tobacco" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4097" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_3659_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cucumber" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 160 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3659" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_101221077_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CsTRY" ], "offsets": [ [ 276, 281 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "101221077" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_4097_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "tobacco" ], "offsets": [ [ 438, 445 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4097" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_101221077_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CsTRY" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 526 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "101221077" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_MESH:D010859_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pigmentation" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 573 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010859" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_MESH:D005419_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "flavonoid" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 683 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005419" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_101221077_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CsTRY" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "101221077" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_MESH:D005419_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "flavonoid" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005419" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_101221077_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CsTRY" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 851 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "101221077" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_3659_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cucumber" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 927 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3659" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_101221077_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CsTRY" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 963 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "101221077" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_MESH:D005419_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "flavonoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1055, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005419" } ] }, { "id": "31649700_MESH:D000872_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "anthocyanin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1094, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000872" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25273006_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Micro-computers in the assessment and rehabilitation of brain-damaged patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "25273006_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This paper provides an overview of the computerized assessment and rehabilitation of patients with cognitive disorders caused by focal brain damage. The characteristics of computer-based rehabilitation systems are discussed in general and questions as to their efficacy addressed. Diagnostic but in particular rehabilitation systems for the following areas are examined more closely: attention disorders, visual-perceptual disorders, memory and language disorders. The development of hard and software is followed back to its beginnings. Typical examples of modern systems are given. The focus is on systems evaluated in the course of a European Concerted Research Action.Supported by the European Commission, Project No. MR4*-0231-D)." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 815 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25273006_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25273006_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25273006_MESH:D003072_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cognitive disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] }, { "id": "25273006_MESH:D001930_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "focal brain damage" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 227 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001930" } ] }, { "id": "25273006_MESH:D001289_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "attention disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 483 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001289" } ] }, { "id": "25273006_MESH:D010468_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "visual-perceptual disorders, memory and language disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 543 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010468" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16700964_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The influence of emotions on inhibitory functioning in borderline personality disorder." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "16700964_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by an emotionally unstable and impulsive cognitive and behavioral style. Inhibitory dysfunction has been hypothesized as playing a crucial role in BPD psychopathology. This study aimed to systematically investigate differential inhibitory functions in patients with BPD as compared to healthy controls, and to investigate their expected impairment in the context of aversive emotions by comparing performances in neuropsychological tasks that present both neutral and emotional material. METHOD: Unmedicated female patients with BPD (n=28) were compared with age-matched healthy female controls (n=30) in the following tasks: the emotional Stroop test (inhibition of interference), directed forgetting (intentional, resource-dependent inhibition), and an emotional variant of the negative priming task (automatic, resource-independent inhibition). RESULTS: In comparison with the controls, the BPD patients showed reduced inhibition of negative material in the directed forgetting task and in the negative priming task. No effect was found in the emotional Stroop test. Significant correlations with current affect as well as trait anxiety and anger (but not impulsiveness) were found in the BPD group specifically for negative stimuli, while no such correlations were found in the control group. In addition to inhibitory deficiencies, BPD patients had difficulties remembering positive words in the directed forgetting task. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that individuals with BPD have difficulties in actively suppressing irrelevant information when it is of an aversive nature. Inhibitory dysfunction appears to be closely related to state and trait variables of unstable affect, but not to self-reported impulsiveness." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 1878 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16700964_MESH:D003072_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "impulsive cognitive" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 205 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] }, { "id": "16700964_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 407, 415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16700964_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 678 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16700964_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1053, 1061 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16700964_MESH:D001007_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001007" } ] }, { "id": "16700964_MESH:D007174_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "impulsiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1314, 1327 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007174" } ] }, { "id": "16700964_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1496, 1504 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16700964_MESH:D007174_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "impulsiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1864, 1877 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007174" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9220353_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Persistent myocardial ischemia increases GLUT1 glucose transporter expression in both ischemic and non-ischemic heart regions." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 126 ] ] }, { "id": "9220353_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Persistently ischemic myocardium exhibits increased glucose uptake which may contribute to the preservation of myocardial function and viability. Little is known about the specific molecular events which are responsible for this increase in uptake. Therefore, we investigated whether myocardial ischemia induces the gene expression of the major cardiac facilitative glucose transporters, GLUT4 and GLUT1. We determined the expression of myocardial glucose transporter mRNAs and polypeptides after 6 h of regional ischemia in a dog model by semi-quantitative Northern blotting and immunoblotting. GLUT1 but not GLUT4 expression was significantly increased in both ischemic and non-ischemic regions from the experimental hearts when compared to surgical control and normal hearts. GLUT1 mRNA expression was increased 3.4-fold and GLUT1 polypeptide expression was increased 1.7-fold in ischemic hearts when compared to normal or surgical-control hearts. There were no significant regional differences in GLUT1 expression in either normal or ischemic hearts. However, there was a tendency for GLUT1 mRNA expression to be highest in the non-ischemic regions from the 6-h ischemia hearts. These findings suggest that myocardial ischemia induces a factor or factors which stimulate GLUT1 expression in non-ischemic as well as ischemic myocardial regions. Increased GLUT1 expression may play a role in augmenting glucose uptake during ischemia." ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 1563 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9220353_MESH:D003324_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "myocardial ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 30 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D005947_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D005947_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D003324_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "myocardial ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D005947_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 500 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_403673_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GLUT4" ], "offsets": [ [ 515, 520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "403673" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D005947_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 582 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 648 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_9615_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "dog" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9615" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_403673_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GLUT4" ], "offsets": [ [ 737, 742 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "403673" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1165, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1271 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemia hearts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1293, 1308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D003324_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "myocardial ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1338, 1357 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1446, 1454 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D005947_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1532, 1539 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "9220353_MESH:D007511_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1554, 1562 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18334574_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Hybrid lecture-online format increases student grades in an undergraduate exercise physiology course at a large urban university." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 129 ] ] }, { "id": "18334574_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Hybrid courses allow students additional exposure to course content that is not possible in a traditional classroom environment. This exposure may lead to an improvement in academic performance. In this report, I describe the transition of a large undergraduate exercise physiology course from a traditional lecture format to a hybrid lecture-online format. A total of 658 final grades (traditional = 346, hybrid = 312) was used to evaluate the effect of course format on academic performance. The hybrid online portion was delivered using WebCT Vista, enhanced with various instructional technologies. The hybrid lecture portion was enhanced with an in-class response system. PowerPoint files were used to distribute in-class lectures in both formats of the course. Final student grades were 9.9% higher (83% of the increase due to an increase in the exam grade) when the course was administered in a hybrid format (P = 0.01), which translated to a one letter grade increase on a standard grading scale. Transition from a traditional lecture format to a hybrid format significantly enhanced student learning; presumably, this increase is due to the fact that students were able to increase their exposure to course content via access to material on WebCT." ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 1386 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6991010_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Gonadal steroids and brain development." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 39 ] ] }, { "id": "6991010_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 40 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6991010_MESH:D013256_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 16 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7924360_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Bicarbonate therapy of metabolic acidosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 42 ] ] }, { "id": "7924360_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 43 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7924360_MESH:D001639_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001639" } ] }, { "id": "7924360_MESH:D000138_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "metabolic acidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000138" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36020221_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Selections and Abstracts." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 25 ] ] }, { "id": "36020221_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 26 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2402267_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mitochondrial myopathy caused by long-term zidovudine therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ] }, { "id": "2402267_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 63 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2402267_MESH:D009135_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "myopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 22 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009135" } ] }, { "id": "2402267_MESH:D015215_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "zidovudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 53 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015215" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9667773_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mitochondrial function, GSH and iron in neurodegeneration and Lewy body diseases." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 81 ] ] }, { "id": "9667773_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The cause of neuronal loss in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease is unknown. Oxidative stress and complex I deficiency have both been identified in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease but their place in the sequence of events resulting in dopaminergic cell death is uncertain. We have analysed respiratory chain activity, iron and reduced glutathione concentrations in Parkinson's disease substantia innominata and in the cingulate cortex of patients with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies to investigate their association with neuronal death and Lewy body formation. No abnormalities of mitochondrial function, iron or reduced glutathione levels were identified in Parkinson's disease substantia innominata or cingulate cortex. Mitochondrial function also appeared to be unchanged in cingulate cortex from patients with Alzheimer's disease and from patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, however, iron concentrations were mildly increased in both, and reduced glutathione decreased only in Alzheimer's disease. These results confirm the anatomic specificity of the complex I deficiency and decreased levels of reduced glutathione within the Parkinson's disease brain and suggest that these parameters are not associated with cholinergic cell loss in Parkinson's disease nor with Lewy body formation in this or other diseases. We propose that our data support a 'two-hit' hypothesis for the cause of neuronal death in Parkinson's disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 1577 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9667773_MESH:D005978_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GSH" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 27 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D007501_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D019636_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurodegeneration and Lewy body diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 80 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019636" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D009410_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuronal loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009410" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D010300_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "idiopathic Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 156 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:C537475_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "complex I deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 210 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C537475" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D010300_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 264, 283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D007501_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 426 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D005978_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D010300_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease substantia innominata" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 510 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 550 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D010300_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D000544_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 596 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D003704_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D009410_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuronal death" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 679 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009410" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D007501_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 749, 753 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D005978_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 776 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D010300_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease substantia innominata" ], "offsets": [ [ 803, 844 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 944, 952 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D000544_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 977 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 995 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D003704_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1009 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D007501_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D005978_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D000544_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:C537475_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "complex I deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1205, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C537475" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D005978_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D010300_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1300 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D010300_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1390, 1409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D009410_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuronal death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1539, 1553 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009410" } ] }, { "id": "9667773_MESH:D010300_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1557, 1576 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16077927_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The effect of arsenicals on ultraviolet-radiation-induced growth arrest and related signaling events in human keratinocytes." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 124 ] ] }, { "id": "16077927_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The molecular mechanisms mediating arsenic-induced carcinogenesis are not well understood. The role of confounding factors such as ultraviolet radiation (UV), add another level of complexity to the study of arsenic carcinogenesis and the cancer-risk assessment on humans. We hypothesized that arsenicals are capable of overriding the growth arrest caused by UV treatment and may lead to selective proliferation. To test this hypothesis, a primary normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cell culture model was used. One group was pre-exposed to UVB (100 mJ/cm(2)) that arrested a majority ( approximately 95%) of cells in G0/G1 (+UV) and a second group was not exposed to UV (-UV). Treatment of cells with various arsenicals [0-12 microM of inorganic arsenite (iAs), 0-2 microM of methyl oxoarsine (MMAs III) and 0-3 microM of iododimethyl arsine (DMAs III)] indicated a concentration-dependent increase in proliferation at 24 h in the order of DMAs III > MMAs III > iAs. Flow-cytometric analyses revealed differential effects on cell cycle distribution. Analysis of a battery of cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1, cdk5, PCNA, cdc25A and cdc25C) indicated exposure-specific differential expression profiles. Increased activation of JNK phosphorylation (5-10-fold) in the +UV group and the synergistic increase with methyl arsenicals suggested that JNK might be involved in cell survival and proliferative signaling. Induction of EGF levels and increased phosphorylation of the EGF receptor by arsenicals (+UV) suggested that the EGF signaling pathway might mediate arsenical-induced cell proliferation of NHEK cells. Differential activation of ERK1/2 by arsenicals (+/-UV) suggested that EGF-mediated cell proliferation by arsenicals in UV-treated NHEK cells may not involve ERK activation. Taken together, the data suggest that both UV exposure and methylation status of the arsenicals dictate the participation of key cell cycle proteins and related signaling events in arsenical-induced cell proliferation." ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 2134 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16077927_MESH:D001152_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arsenicals" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 24 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001152" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D006323_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "growth arrest" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006323" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D001151_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arsenic" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001151" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D063646_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinogenesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D063646" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D063646_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arsenic carcinogenesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 354 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D063646" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 369 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D001152_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arsenicals" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 428 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001152" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D006323_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "growth arrest" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 472 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006323" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D001152_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arsenicals" ], "offsets": [ [ 842, 852 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001152" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "inorganic arsenite" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 887 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_-_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iAs" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 892 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methyl oxoarsine" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 925 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:C406082_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MMAs III" ], "offsets": [ [ 927, 935 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C406082" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_-_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iododimethyl arsine" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 974 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_-_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DMAs III" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 984 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:C405765_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DMAs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1073, 1077 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C405765" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:C406082_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MMAs III" ], "offsets": [ [ 1084, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C406082" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_-_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iAs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_595_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cyclin D1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1229, 1238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "595" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_1020_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cdk5" ], "offsets": [ [ 1240, 1244 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1020" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_5111_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PCNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1246, 1250 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5111" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_993_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cdc25A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1252, 1258 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "993" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_995_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cdc25C" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "995" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_5599_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "JNK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1360 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5599" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_-_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methyl arsenicals" ], "offsets": [ [ 1440, 1457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_5599_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "JNK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1473, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5599" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_1950_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "EGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1554, 1557 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1950" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_1956_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "EGF receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1602, 1614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1956" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D001152_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arsenicals" ], "offsets": [ [ 1618, 1628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001152" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_1950_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "EGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1654, 1657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1950" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D001152_33", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arsenical" ], "offsets": [ [ 1690, 1699 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001152" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_5595;5594_34", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ERK1/2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1769, 1775 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5595;5594" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D001152_35", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arsenicals" ], "offsets": [ [ 1779, 1789 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001152" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_1950_36", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "EGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1813, 1816 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1950" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_MESH:D001152_37", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arsenicals" ], "offsets": [ [ 1848, 1858 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001152" } ] }, { "id": "16077927_5594_38", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ERK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1900, 1903 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5594" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17132811_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Relationship between pharmaceutical company user fees and drug approvals in Canada and Australia: a hypothesis-generating study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 128 ] ] }, { "id": "17132811_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Since the early- to mid-1990s, drug companies have paid fees for a variety of activities carried out by the Therapeutic Products Directorate in Canada and the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether changes in approval times for new active substances and in the percentage of new drug submissions receiving positive decisions coincided with the level of user fees. METHODS: Data were collected from a range of Canadian and Australian government publications on the following topics: total funding for and workload of the regulatory agencies, the percentage of income that came from tax revenue and user fees, the percentage of new drug submissions that received a positive decision, and-for Canada only-the percent of submissions that were approved on first review. RESULTS: In both countries, there was a moderate-to-strong positive association between the level of industry funding and the percent of submissions that received a positive decision and a moderate-to-strong (Canada) and moderate (Australia) negative association between the level of industry funding and approval times. CONCLUSIONS: Changes observed in both countries are favorable to the pharmaceutical industry. Other than user fees leading to a pro-industry bias in the regulatory authorities, other possible explanations include a more efficient use of resources, a smaller workload (Canada), an improvement in the quality of drug submissions (Canada), and more resources (Australia). Further research strategies are needed to either confirm or refute the hypothesis that the level of industry funding affects decisions made in drug regulatory systems." ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 1801 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31499057_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Bacterial vaginosis and surgical site infections." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 49 ] ] }, { "id": "31499057_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge or malodor, affecting up to one third of US women. Most women with bacterial vaginosis are unaware of the infection, making it difficult to diagnose in the absence of a microscopic examination of vaginal discharge or using point-of-care testing. Untreated bacterial vaginosis elevates the risk of postoperative surgical infections in women undergoing obstetric and gynecological procedures. Treatment with antimicrobial agents that target bacterial vaginosis has been shown to reduce the rate of postoperative infections following hysterectomy and surgical abortions. Furthermore, in a cost-comparison model, screening for and treatment of bacterial vaginosis prior to hysterectomy was shown to be superior to no screening in terms of infection rates and cost. The bacterial vaginosis diagnostic criteria are simple and screening tests are inexpensive; bacterial vaginosis screening is a relatively fast process in patients who present for preoperative appointments. Treatment options approved by the Food and Drug Administration include metronidazole, clindamycin, tinidazole, and secnidazole. Given the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and the risks associated with operating on a woman with untreated bacterial vaginosis, women undergoing hysterectomy, surgical abortion, and potentially cesarean delivery should be screened for bacterial vaginosis, and those who screen positive should be treated with an appropriate antimicrobial agent." ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 1567 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31499057_MESH:D007239_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D016585_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial vaginosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 211 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016585" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D007239_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D016585_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial vaginosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016585" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D007239_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 455 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D016585_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial vaginosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016585" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D013530_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postoperative infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 645 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013530" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D016585_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial vaginosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 784 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016585" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D007239_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 869 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D016585_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial vaginosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 890, 909 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016585" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D016585_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial vaginosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 978, 997 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016585" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D008795_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1176 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008795" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D002981_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "clindamycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002981" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D014011_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "tinidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1191, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014011" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:C016724_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "secnidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C016724" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D016585_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial vaginosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1244, 1263 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016585" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 1309, 1314 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31499057_MESH:D016585_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial vaginosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1458, 1477 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016585" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4662594_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Structure and topography of the centers of the sympathetic system of the spinal cord in sheep]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 96 ] ] }, { "id": "4662594_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 97 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4662594_9940_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "sheep" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9940" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9093055_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Unusual left ventricular wall motion and a loud added sound during the isovolumic relaxation period in a patient with hypertensive heart disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 145 ] ] }, { "id": "9093055_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A 69 year old woman with hypertensive heart disease had a loud added sound which coincided with a sudden interruption of the early diastolic motion of the left ventricular posterior wall, as visualised by M mode echocardiography, and came just before early diastolic transmitral flow, as measured by a pulsed Doppler echocardiogram. Early diastolic motion velocity from the base to the middle of the posterior wall, assessed by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging, was markedly high and sharp, and its peak coincided with the sound. A notch, similar to that in the posterior wall motion, occurred in the left ventricular pressure curve during early diastole. No intraventricular flow signal was detected during the isovolumic relaxation period, as measured by pulsed and colour Doppler imaging. The added sound was probably produced by impact between the dilated heart, with a relaxation abnormality, and the extracardiac structures during the isovolumic relaxation period." ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 1113 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9093055_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9093055_MESH:D006973_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "9093055_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9093055_MESH:D006973_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 197 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "9093055_MESH:D007022_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diastole" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 797 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007022" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15111633_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The frictional coefficient of the temporomandibular joint and its dependency on the magnitude and duration of joint loading." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 124 ] ] }, { "id": "15111633_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In synovial joints, friction between articular surfaces leads to shear stress within the cartilaginous tissue, which might result in tissue rupture and failure. Joint friction depends on synovial lubrication of the articular surfaces, which can be altered due to compressive loading. Therefore, we hypothesized that the frictional coefficient of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is affected by the magnitude and duration of loading. We tested this by measuring the frictional coefficient in 20 intact porcine TMJs using a pendulum-type friction tester. The mean frictional coefficient was 0.0145 (SD 0.0027) after a constant loading of 50 N during 5 sec. The frictional coefficient increased with the length of the preceding loading duration and exceeded 0.0220 (SD 0.0014) after 1 hr. Application of larger loading (80 N) resulted in significantly larger frictional coefficients. In conclusion, the frictional coefficient in the TMJ was proportional to the magnitude and duration of joint loading." ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 1124 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15111633_MESH:D013581_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "synovial joints" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013581" } ] }, { "id": "15111633_MESH:D012421_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rupture and failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 284 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012421" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23304030_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Lung cancer: an update on current surgical strategies." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] }, { "id": "23304030_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 55 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23304030_MESH:D008175_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Lung cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008175" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22164727_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Medical history studies of Professor Dr. Ekrem Kadri Unat]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 60 ] ] }, { "id": "22164727_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Prof. Dr. Ekrem Kadri Unat was a distinguished medical historian, as well as a known academician of microbiology. Dr. Unat specially studied history of Turkish microbiology and the problems confronted in high education as a result of courses given in foreign languages. History of health, institutions, illnesses and drugs; and biographies, were Dr. Unat's other fields of study. His books, monographies and essays on medical history are important sources for medical historians." ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 540 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2075795_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Orbital muscle of Muller: observations on human fetuses measuring 35-150 mm." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 76 ] ] }, { "id": "2075795_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The arrangement and relationships of the orbital muscle of Muller in human fetuses have been analyzed. This is a constant muscle made of smooth muscle fibers arranged over the longer axis of the inferior orbital fissure; some of its fibers reach the inferior wall of the cavernous sinus. The muscle layer is pierced by orbital rami of the medial maxillary artery and by thin veins communicating with the ophthalmic vein system and pterygoid plexus. The zygomatic nerve can be found in the midst of the muscle mass along most of its course. It is innervated by short rami from the sphenopalatine ganglion." ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 681 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2075795_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2075795_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5910322_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Giant cell arteriitis causing gangrene of an extremity (so-called temporal arteriitis)]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 89 ] ] }, { "id": "5910322_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 90 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5910322_MESH:D007022_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arteriitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 22 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007022" } ] }, { "id": "5910322_MESH:D005734_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gangrene" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 39 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005734" } ] }, { "id": "5910322_MESH:D007022_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arteriitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 86 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007022" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1006661_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Exudates in the body cavities of the dog (5). Clinical and diagnostic study with special reference to punctate cytology]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 122 ] ] }, { "id": "1006661_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 123 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1006661_9615_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "dog" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9615" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34765847_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a large cecal tumor extending into the appendiceal orifice in a patient with intact appendix." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 129 ] ] }, { "id": "34765847_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Video 1Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a cecal laterally spreading tumor-granular type extending into the appendiceal orifice." ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 260 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34765847_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "34765847_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34765847_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 206 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "282753_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Banding analysis of three primary cancers." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 42 ] ] }, { "id": "282753_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Chromosomes of a breast cancer and two colonic cancers were studied with banding methods. An intracystic papillary carcinoma of breast had the following constitution: 46, XX, -1, +3, -20, +i(1q), +i(1q), +t(1;20)(p13;p13). The second tumor, a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon had several autosomal trisomies and del(3)(p14). There was karyotype stability in both tumors. The third tumor, an undifferentiated colonic cancer, had a pseudodiploid stemline, namely 46, XX, -1, +(1q), and four sidelines with additional numerical changes." ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 591 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "282753_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "282753_MESH:D001943_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "282753_MESH:D015179_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colonic cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] }, { "id": "282753_MESH:D001943_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intracystic papillary carcinoma of breast" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "282753_440926_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p13" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 259 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "440926" } ] }, { "id": "282753_440926_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p13" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 263 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "440926" } ] }, { "id": "282753_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "282753_MESH:D003110_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "adenocarcinoma of the colon" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003110" } ] }, { "id": "282753_11102_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p14" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11102" } ] }, { "id": "282753_MESH:D009369_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "282753_MESH:D009369_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "282753_MESH:D015179_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "undifferentiated colonic cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 480 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13049683_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 42 ] ] }, { "id": "13049683_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 43 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13049683_MESH:D012162_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "degeneration" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 40 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012162" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18574532_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Relativity analysis of chronic hepatitis B virus genotype and clinical pathology]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] }, { "id": "18574532_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between chronic hepatitis B virus genotypes and clinical pathology. METHODS: HBV genotype was determined in 92 cases with chronic hepatitis B patients and the relationship between HBV genotypes and clinical, serological and histological data of the patients was analyzed. RESULTS: Sixteen cases were infected with HBV genotype B (17.4%), 71 with genotype C (77.2%), 3 with HBV classified as genotype B+C (3.2%) and in 2 (2.2%) cases HBV genotype was not confirmed. ALT level and HBV DNA load log value were (82.6+/-82) U/L, (84.7+/-71.5) U/L and (5.8+/-1.4), (5.9+/-1.5) respectively in genotypes B and C patients, in 8 cases of genotype C group liver cirrhosis was diagnosed, but no statistical significance was seen. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in clinical, serological or histological data were detected between genotypes B and C patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 976 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18574532_MESH:D006509_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006509" } ] }, { "id": "18574532_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 273 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18574532_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18574532_MESH:D007239_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 431 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "18574532_489460_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HBV genotype B" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 451 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "489460" } ] }, { "id": "18574532_80856_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "U/L" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 645 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "80856" } ] }, { "id": "18574532_80856_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "U/L" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 664 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "80856" } ] }, { "id": "18574532_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18574532_MESH:D008103_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver cirrhosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 784 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008103" } ] }, { "id": "18574532_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 975 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27178800_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Health of patients on the waiting list: Opportunity to improve health in Canada?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 80 ] ] }, { "id": "27178800_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "INTRODUCTION: A number of countries have healthcare systems where access to elective surgery is constrained. The inevitable outcome is wait lists for surgery. The objective of this study is to report cross-sectional health data collected from a broad sample of patients awaiting elective surgery and shed light on potential non-surgical treatments to improve health. RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional survey of patients newly enrolled on the surgical wait list in the Vancouver Coastal Health region. Multivariate regression models were used to estimate the associations between patient characteristics and health, pain and depression. MEASURES: Health status instruments were used to measure study participants' general health, pain, and depression immediately after they were enrolled on the wait list for one of the targeted elective surgeries. RESULTS: A majority of patients reported some problems with pain or discomfort, and a large portion reported problems associated with anxiety or depression. Orthopedic patients were significantly more likely to report problems with mobility, usual activities and pain/discomfort. Neurosurgery patients were the most likely to report significant and severe depression. CONCLUSIONS: The high rates of pain and depression not only have implications for patients' immediate health, but may also affect long-term surgical outcomes. This study draws attention to recognizing a wider array of morbidity, some potentially requiring non-surgical interventions, while patients wait for elective surgery. Policy options include re-examining the surgical triage system and expanding surgical capacity to match self-reported health." ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 1759 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "27178800_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 18 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 350 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 511 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 678 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D010146_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 711 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D000275_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 803 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D010146_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 825 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D000275_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 841 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 963, 971 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D010146_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D001007_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001007" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D000275_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1085, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D010146_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1233, 1241 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D000275_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1296, 1306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D010146_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1339, 1343 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_MESH:D000275_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1348, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1390, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27178800_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1598, 1606 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20964172_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Fast-MICP for frameless image-guided surgery." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 45 ] ] }, { "id": "20964172_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: In image-guided surgery (IGS) systems, image-to-physical registration is critical for reliable anatomical information mapping and spatial guidance. Conventional stereotactic frame-based or fiducial-based approaches provide accurate registration but are not patient-friendly. This study proposes a frameless cranial IGS system that uses computer vision techniques to replace the frame or fiducials with the natural features of the patient. METHODS: To perform a cranial surgery with the proposed system, the facial surface of the patient is first reconstructed by stereo vision. Accuracy is ensured by capturing parallel-line patterns projected from a calibrated LCD projector. Meanwhile, another facial surface is reconstructed from preoperative computed tomography (CT) images of the patient. The proposed iterative closest point (ICP)-based algorithm [fast marker-added ICP (Fast-MICP)] is then used to register the two facial data sets, which transfers the anatomical information from the CT images to the physical space. RESULTS: Experimental results reveal that the Fast-MICP algorithm reduces the computational cost of marker-added ICP (J.-D. Lee et al., \"A coarse-to-fine surface registration algorithm for frameless brain surgery,\" in Proceedings of International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007, pp. 836-839) to 10% and achieves comparable registration accuracy, which is under 3 mm target registration error (TRE). Moreover, two types of optical-based spatial digitizing devices can be integrated for further surgical navigation. Anatomical information or image-guided surgical landmarks can be projected onto the patient to obtain an immersive augmented reality environment. CONCLUSION: The proposed frameless IGS system with stereo vision obtains TRE of less than 3 mm. The proposed Fast-MICP registration algorithm reduces registration time by 90% without compromising accuracy." ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 1987 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20964172_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 319 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20964172_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20964172_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 591 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20964172_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 847 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20964172_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1720, 1727 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18097866_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "An association between asthma and BMI in adolescents: results from the California Healthy Kids Survey." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 102 ] ] }, { "id": "18097866_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We examined the relationship between asthma prevalence and BMI in a cross-sectional survey of 471,969 adolescents. The size of the survey allowed us to investigate this relationship with much greater resolution than previously possible. Both lifetime and current asthma prevalence increased monotonically with increasing BMI, starting with individuals as low as the 45th to 55th percentiles of BMI. The pattern was similar between males and females and among six racial/ethnic groups. The results suggest that weight reduction even among persons not classified as overweight or obese may be an important component of asthma management." ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 738 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18097866_MESH:D001249_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "18097866_MESH:D001249_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 146 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "18097866_MESH:D001249_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 372 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "18097866_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 648 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18097866_MESH:D009765_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obese" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 686 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "18097866_MESH:D001249_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 720, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19129719_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effects of changes in alveolar ventilation on isoflurane arterial blood concentration and its uptake into the human body." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "19129719_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We investigated whether minute alveolar ventilation affects isoflurane concentration in arterial blood and uptake of isoflurane into the body. Thirty female patients scheduled to undergo elective gynecological surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups: i.e. hyperventilation, normal ventilation and hypoventilation. Inspiratory (CIiso) and end-tidal (CEiso) concentrations of isoflurane were measured by infrared analysis, and arterial blood isoflurane concentration (Aiso) was analyzed by gas chromatography. Cardiac index was measured by Doppler ultrasonography. The body uptake of isoflurane was determined by multiplying alveolar ventilation by the gradient of CIiso-CEiso. Aiso was highest in the hyperventilation group (significant), followed by the normal ventilation and hypoventilation groups, during the 40-min study. During the first 10 min of the study, the slope of the Aiso-over-time curve was highest in the hyperventilation group, followed by the normal ventilation group and the hypoventilation group. During the second half of the study (20-40 min), the slope Aiso-over-time curve did not differ among the three groups. Changes in ventilation affected the concentration of isoflurane in arterial blood but did not significantly alter the uptake of it during the last 20 min of the study. The change of alveolar ventilation altered the speed of functional residual capacity wash-in by isoflurane, which was the integral factor influencing Aiso and body uptake of isoflurane." ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 1625 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007530_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 56 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 115 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007530_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007530_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 249 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 279, 287 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007040_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 448 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007040" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007530_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007530_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007530_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 728 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007040_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007040" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007040_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007040" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007530_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 1325, 1335 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007530_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 1536, 1546 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "19129719_MESH:D007530_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 1614, 1624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5729011_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Ulcers due to mycobacteria in Africa]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 39 ] ] }, { "id": "5729011_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 40 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16788887_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "NMR spectroscopic structure elucidation of the products of the reaction of 3-(3-aryl-3-oxopropenyl)- chromen-4-ones with 1,2-phenylenediamine." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 142 ] ] }, { "id": "16788887_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The reaction of 3-(3-aryl-3-oxopropenyl)chromen-4-ones with 1,2-phenylenediamine resulted in the unexpected formation of 10a-aryl-1,2,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo-[4,5]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methanones. Their structure elucidation and complete 1H and 13C assignments have been performed by a combination of various one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments." ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 517 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16788887_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "3-(3-aryl-3-oxopropenyl)- chromen-4-ones" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 115 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16788887_MESH:C034193_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,2-phenylenediamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 141 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C034193" } ] }, { "id": "16788887_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "3-(3-aryl-3-oxopropenyl)chromen-4-ones" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 197 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16788887_MESH:C034193_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,2-phenylenediamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 223 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C034193" } ] }, { "id": "16788887_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "10a-aryl-1,2,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo-[4,5]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methanones" ], "offsets": [ [ 264, 362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16788887_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1H" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 407 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16788887_MESH:C000615229_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "13C" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000615229" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4037478_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The effect of telemetry on urban prehospital cardiac care." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "4037478_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A three-year, controlled trial of the use of telemetry in the prehospital care of cardiac patients was conducted in a major metropolitan area. Five of the ten paramedic squads in the city used telemetry; the other five squads did not. We studied the effect of telemetry on the following: paramedics' abilities to recognize ECGs in a written test; paramedics' abilities to identify ECG arrhythmias in the field; length of time spent by paramedics in the field; survival rates of patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) cared for by paramedics; abilities of base station physicians to interpret telemetered ECGs; and attitudes of paramedics toward using telemetry. Telemetry was not found to affect the abilities of paramedics to read ECGs in either test or field situations. Paramedics who used telemetry spent more time in the field with their patients than did paramedics who did not use telemetry (P less than .02). We found no statistically significant effect of telemetry on survival rates of VF patients. Using matched ECGs, readings by base station physicians were found to be more accurate than were those by paramedics (P less than .01). Paramedics overwhelmingly reported that telemetry did not help them to save patients' lives, but that it did help them to treat patients with certain arrhythmias. The results suggest that telemetry may not improve either paramedics' abilities to identify arrhythmias or prehospital care for all cardiac patients. The implications for emergency services researchers are discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 1588 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4037478_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_MESH:D001145_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 455 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001145" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_MESH:D014693_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ventricular fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014693" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_MESH:D014693_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "VF" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 579 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014693" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 907, 915 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_MESH:D014693_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "VF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014693" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1285, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1337, 1345 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_MESH:D001145_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1370 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001145" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_MESH:D001145_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 1464, 1475 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001145" } ] }, { "id": "4037478_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1512, 1520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32731331_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The Antiviral Properties of Cyclosporine. Focus on Coronavirus, Hepatitis C Virus, Influenza Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 144 ] ] }, { "id": "32731331_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This review updates current knowledge regarding the risk of viral infections, including COVID-19, in patients treated with cyclosporine. We also shortly refer to bacterial infections and parasitic infestations in patients treated with cyclosporin. Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive drug, which is widely used in medicine, including in the treatment of autoimmune skin diseases in dermatology, rheumatology, ophthalmology and nephrology, and in organ transplantation. A usual concern associated with immunosuppressive treatment is the potential risk of infections. Interestingly, several data indicate a relatively low risk of infections, especially viral infections, in patients receiving cyclosporine. It was shown that cyclosporine exerts an inhibitory effect on the replication of some viruses, or may have a potentially beneficial effect on the disease course in infections. These include hepatitis C, influenza virus, rotavirus, human immunodeficiency virus and coronavirus infections. Available data indicate that cyclosporine may have a beneficial effect on COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus SARS-COV2." ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 1268 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32731331_MESH:D016572_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 40 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_11118_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Coronavirus" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11118" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_11103_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Hepatitis C Virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_11308_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Influenza Virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 98 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11308" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D001102_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Immunodeficiency Virus Infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001102" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D001102_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "viral infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 221 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001102" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:C000657245_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 241 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 254 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D016572_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 268, 280 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D001424_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 327 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001424" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D007239_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "parasitic infestations" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 354 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 366 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D016572_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclosporin" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D016572_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 405 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D001327_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autoimmune skin diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 524 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001327" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D007239_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 710 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D007239_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 784 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D001102_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "viral infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 813 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001102" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 826 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D016572_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 849 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D016572_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 881 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D007239_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1015, 1025 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_11308_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "influenza virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11308" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D018352_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "immunodeficiency virus and coronavirus infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1088, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018352" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:D016572_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1168, 1180 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016572" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_MESH:C000657245_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 1213, 1221 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_11118_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "coronavirus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1246, 1257 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11118" } ] }, { "id": "32731331_2697049_27", "type": "Species", "text": [ "SARS-COV2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2697049" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14866741_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Malignant pulmonary abscesses." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ] }, { "id": "14866741_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 31 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14866741_MESH:D008169_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Malignant pulmonary abscesses" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008169" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31242059_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Anesthetics: from modes of action to unconsciousness and neurotoxicity." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 71 ] ] }, { "id": "31242059_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Modern anesthetic compounds and advanced monitoring tools have revolutionized the field of medicine, allowing for complex surgical procedures to occur safely and effectively. Faster induction times and quicker recovery periods of current anesthetic agents have also helped reduce health care costs significantly. Moreover, extensive research has allowed for a better understanding of anesthetic modes of action, thus facilitating the development of more effective and safer compounds. Notwithstanding the realization that anesthetics are a prerequisite to all surgical procedures, evidence is emerging to support the notion that exposure of the developing brain to certain anesthetics may impact future brain development and function. Whereas the data in support of this postulate from human studies is equivocal, the vast majority of animal research strongly suggests that anesthetics are indeed cytotoxic at multiple brain structure and function levels. In this review, we first highlight various modes of anesthetic action and then debate the evidence of harm from both basic science and clinical studies perspectives. We present evidence from animal and human studies vis-a-vis the possible detrimental effects of anesthetic agents on both the young developing and the elderly aging brain while discussing potential ways to mitigate these effects. We hope that this review will, on the one hand, invoke debate vis-a-vis the evidence of anesthetic harm in young children and the elderly, and on the other hand, incentivize the search for better and less toxic anesthetic compounds." ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 1656 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31242059_MESH:D020258_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020258" } ] }, { "id": "31242059_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 858, 863 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31242059_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1230, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31242059_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1537, 1545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4695803_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A re-examination of the gas chromatographic determination of -d-propoxyphene." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 78 ] ] }, { "id": "4695803_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 79 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4695803_MESH:D011431_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "-d-propoxyphene" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011431" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "947170_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Sensory effects of capsaicin congeners. Part II: Importance of chemical structure and pungency in desensitizing activity of capsaicin-type compounds." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 149 ] ] }, { "id": "947170_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The characteristic insensitivity of sensory nerve endings to chemically induced pain brought about by capsaicin could be reproduced on the rat's eye by pungent vanillylamides, homovanilloyl-alkylamides and piperine, while homovanilloyl-cycloalkylamides, -azacycloalkylamides, - alkylesters, -alkyl-homovanillylamides, undecenoyl-3-aminopropranololand zingerone were practically ineffective in this respect. Desensitizing potency was not parallel with the stimulating effect of the compounds, e.g. the strongly pungent homovanilloyl-octylester failed to desensitize the receptors, while the less pungent homovanilloyl-dodecylamide proved to be a more potent desensitizing agent than capsaicin itself. It is concluded that the inverse position of the acylamide linkage does not modify, while its replacement by an esteric group completely abolishes the desensitizing activity. In contrast to the stimulating effect, in desensitizing action the presence of an alkyl chain is essential and its optimal length corresponds to 10-12 C atoms. On the basis of these results the possible molecular interactions at the site of action are discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 1287 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "947170_MESH:D002211_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "capsaicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002211" } ] }, { "id": "947170_MESH:D002211_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "capsaicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 133 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002211" } ] }, { "id": "947170_MESH:D010146_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "947170_MESH:D002211_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "capsaicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 261 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002211" } ] }, { "id": "947170_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 292 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "947170_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vanillylamides" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 324 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "947170_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "homovanilloyl-alkylamides" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "947170_MESH:C008922_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "piperine" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C008922" } ] }, { "id": "947170_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "homovanilloyl-cycloalkylamides" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 402 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "947170_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "-azacycloalkylamides" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 424 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "947170_-_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "- alkylesters" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 439 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "947170_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "-alkyl-homovanillylamides" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 466 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "947170_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "undecenoyl-3-aminopropranololand zingerone" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 510 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "947170_-_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "homovanilloyl-octylester" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 692 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "947170_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "homovanilloyl-dodecylamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 779 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "947170_MESH:D002211_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "capsaicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 841 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002211" } ] }, { "id": "947170_MESH:D020106_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "acylamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 908 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020106" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26251427_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Complications following Pipeline Embolization Device Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Results from the International Retrospective Study of the Pipeline Embolization Device." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 206 ] ] }, { "id": "26251427_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage is a dreaded complication of unknown etiology following flow-diversion treatment. Using the International Retrospective Study of the Pipeline Embolization Device registry, we studied demographic, aneurysm, and procedural characteristics associated with intraparenchymal hemorrhage following Pipeline Embolization Device treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified patients in the International Retrospective Study of the Pipeline Embolization Device registry with intraparenchymal hemorrhage unrelated to index aneurysm rupture post-Pipeline Embolization Device treatment. The rate of intraparenchymal hemorrhage was determined by baseline demographics, comorbidities, aneurysm characteristics, and procedural characteristics (including anticoagulation use, platelet testing, number of devices used, sheaths, catheters, and guidewires). Categoric variables were compared with chi(2) testing, and continuous variables were compared with the Student t test. RESULTS: Of 793 patients with 906 aneurysms, 20 (2.5%) had intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Fifteen intraparenchymal hemorrhages (75.0%) occurred within 30 days of treatment (median, 5 days; range, 0-150 days). Nine patients with intraparenchymal hemorrhage (45.0%) died, 10 (50.0%) had major neurologic morbidity, and 1 had minor neurologic morbidity (5.0%). Intraparenchymal hemorrhage was ipsilateral to the Pipeline Embolization Device in 16 patients (80%) and contralateral in 3 patients (15.0%). Variables associated with higher odds of intraparenchymal hemorrhage included treatment of ruptured aneurysms (OR, 4.44; 95% CI, 1.65-11.94; P = .005) and the use of >= 3 Pipeline Embolization Devices (OR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.34-12.58; P = .04). The Shuttle sheath was not associated with intraparenchymal hemorrhage (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.38-2.45; P = .95). CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage following Pipeline Embolization Device treatment is a rare-but-devastating complication, with nearly all patients having morbidity or mortality. Variables associated with intraparenchymal hemorrhage included the use of multiple Pipeline Embolization Devices and treatment of ruptured aneurysms. The Shuttle, a device that was previously thought to be associated with intraparenchymal hemorrhage, was not associated with it." ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 2558 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hemorrhagic Complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 42 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D002532_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Intracranial Aneurysms" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002532" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D000783_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aneurysm" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 475 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000783" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 551 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 647 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 756, 766 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D017542_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aneurysm rupture" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 802 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017542" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 887 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D000783_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aneurysm" ], "offsets": [ [ 944, 952 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000783" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1247, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D000783_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aneurysms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1265, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000783" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1307, 1317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhages" ], "offsets": [ [ 1344, 1355 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1451 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1474, 1484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1604, 1614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1673, 1681 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1711, 1719 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1787, 1797 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D017542_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ruptured aneurysms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1820, 1838 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017542" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 2031, 2041 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 2124, 2134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_9606_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2240, 2248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D003643_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 2269, 2278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 2323, 2333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D017542_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ruptured aneurysms" ], "offsets": [ [ 2410, 2428 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017542" } ] }, { "id": "26251427_MESH:D006470_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 2519, 2529 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] } ]

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